NALANDA, JILLA ME LINGANUPAT ME ANTAR: EK STHANIK VISHLESHAN

Research Paper

Social Science

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020

NALANDA, JILLA ME LINGANUPAT ME ANTAR: EK STHANIK VISHLESHAN

ukyank] ftyk esa fyaxkuqikr esa varj: ,d LFkkfud fo'ys"k.k Dr. Alok Kumar PhD., M.U.] izk/;kid] egs'k flag ;kno baVj dkWyst ¼x;k½ ABSTRACT

izLrqr 'kks/k izi= ukyank ftyk esa fyaxkuqikr essa vUrj ds LFkkfud izfr:i dh igpku ij vk/kkfjr gSA fyaxkuqikr fdlh {ks= dh tkukafddh; lajpuk (Demographic Structure) O;olkf;d lajpuk] iztuurk] fookg&nj bR;kfn dks izHkkfor djrk gSA {ks=h; Lrj ij fyaxkuqikr esa ik, tkus okyk vUrj fdlh {ks= ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd n'kkvksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA {ks= esa foxr ,oa oÙkZeku n'kdksa esa fyaxkuqikr ds voyksdu ¼Observation½ ek= ls Li"V gksrk gS fd v/;;u {ks= esa fyaxkuqikr vou;u ¼Decline½ gks jgk gSA {ks= esa uxjh;&xzkeh.k fyaxkuqikr ds iznf'kZr djus ds fy, fof/kra= lekurk xq.kkad ¼Coefficient of Equality½ ds }kjk LFkkfud izfr:i dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA ladsr 'kCn % fyaxkuqikr] lekurk] xq.kkad ,oa tkukafddh; lajpukA ladYiuk tula[;k esa iq:"kks dh rqyuk esa fL=;ksa dk vuqikr izfrgkj iq:"kksa ij fL=;ksa dh la[;k }kjk O;Dr gksrk gSA vFkZO;oLFkk esa fyaxksa dh Hkwfedk iwjd ,oa fojks/kkRed nksuks gSA blfy, bls vFkZO;oLFkk dk lwpdkad Hkh dgk tkrk gS ¼QSdfyu] ,p-,p-] 1956½A fyaxkuqikr dk izHkko vU; tulkaf[;dh; rFoksa tSls tula[;k o`f)] fookg nj] O;olkf;d lajpuk ij Hkh ekuk x;k gSA ¼f=;kad 1976½A HkkSxksfyd fo'ys"k.k ds fy, nksuks fyaxksa ds vuqikr dk ekSfyd egRo gS D;ksafd ;g vU; tukafddh; fu;kedksa ¼tUe e`R;q ,oa fookg½ dks cgqr gn rd izHkkfor djrk gSA tula[;k dh vU; lkjh fo'ks"krk,Wa Hkh blls izHkkfor gksrh gSA ¼jatu] vkj 2002½ f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr ¼lh-,l-vkj-½ vFkok izfr 1000 ckydksa ¼0&6 o"kZ½ dh rqyuk esa mlh vk;q lewg esa ckfydkvksa dh la[;k dks f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr ¼0&6 o"kZ½ ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;kgSA ¼ih-lh-,- 2011½A ;g fodkl dk egRoiw.kZ ladsrd gSA lkFk gh ckfydkvksa dh orZeku fLFkfr gSfl;r] lkekftd Lrj] fyax HksnHkko] dU;k f'k'kq gR;k] Hkwz.k gR;k dk fo'ys"k.k djrk gsSA ¼dkSf'kd ,l-ih- 2010½A fof/k ra= izLrqr v/;;u esa tux.kuk o"kZ 2011 ds f}rh;d Lrj ds vkadM+ks dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lexz ,oa f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr ds izkaMokj la?kVd xzkeh.k vUrj gsrq viukbZ xbZ fof/k lekurk xq.kkad gSA vUrjh; ifjdYiuk esa xzkeh.k fyaxkuqikr {ks=h; v/;;u] iapk;r B.D.O & C.O. ftyk eq[;ky; ,oa tux.kuk foHkkx ls fy;k x;k gSA v/;;u {ks= izLrqr v/;;u fcgkj jkT; ds ukyank ftyk ls lacaf/kr gS] tks fcgkj'kjhQ] uwjljk;] jgqbZ] vLFkkokWa] fcan] jktxhj] flyko] csu] fxfj;d] drjhljk;] gjukSr] ljesjk] fgylk] djk;ij'kqjk;] paMh] FkjFkjh] uxjukSlk] ,daxjljk;] ijoyiqj] bLykeiqj iz[k.M Lrj dks ¼20½ chl la?kVd ds :i esa fo|eku gSA fp= ¼1½ {ks= ds mÙkj esa iVuk ftyk nf{k.k uoknk ,oa x;k] ftyk iwjc esa 'ks[kiqjk ftyk ,oa if'pe esa tgkukckn ,oa x;k ftyk ekStwn gSA ukyank nf{k.k fcgkj ds eSnku esa clk gqvk ,d egRoiw.kZ ftyk gSA HkkSxksfyd n`f"V ls bl ftyk dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaWVk x;k gSA mÙkj dk eSnku vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ dk igkM+h HkkxA bldk foLrkj 24056*51** mÙkjh v{kka'k ls 25027*43** mÙkjh

v{kka'k ,oa 85010*8** iwohZ ns'kkUrj ls 85054*18** iwohZ ns'kkUrj ds chp gSA bldk {ks=Qy 2370 oxZ fdyksehVj ,oa 2011 ds tux.kuk ds vuqlkj ;gkWa dh tula;k 2877653 gS ftlesa iq:"kksa dh tula[;k 1497060 ,oa efgykvksa dh tula[;k 1380593 gSA v/;;u dk m|s'; ukyank ftyk esa fyaxkuqikr dk vlarqyu cuk gqvk gSA 2011 ds tux.kukuqlkj bl {ks= esa iq:"k iz/kku ifjn`'; iz{ksfir gksrk gSA uxjh; xzkeh.k vUrjh; fyaxkuqikr esa vlarqyu dk ifjn`'; lexz ,oa f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr esa leku :i n`"VO; gSA orZeku v/;;u dk eq[; vkSfpR; fuEukafdr gSA 1- lexz ,oa f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr ds uxjh; xzkeh.k LFkkfud izfr:i dk fo'ys"k.kA 2- lexz ,oa fyaxkuqikr ds uxjh;&xzkeh.k lekurk xq.kkad ds LFkkfud izfr:i dh foospukA 3- lexz ,oa f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr ds LFkkfud izfr:i dk o.kZuA ifjladYi.kk izLrqr 'kks/k i= fuEukafdr ifjladYi.kkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gS %& 1- ukyank ftyk esa fyaxkuqikr esa deh vusd leL;kvksa dks tUe ns jgk gSA 2- oÙkZeku le; esa fyaxkuqikr esa o`f) gks jgk gSA 3- fyaxkuqikr esa o`f) yksxksa ds tkx:drk ds dkj.k ,oa ljdkj ds iz;kl ls gh gks jgk gSA 4- lkekftd lejlrk larqfyr fyaxkuqikr ds }kjk izksRlkfgr gksrk gSA fyaxkuqikr esa {ks=h; fo"kerk, izR;sd {ks= esa fo|eku gSA v/;;u {ks= esa lkekftd] vkfFkZd dkjdksa ls fu/kkZfjr vuqdqy ,oa izfrdqy fyaxkuqikr izfr:i nz"VO; gS tcfd gSfjlu lh-,- ¼1964½ ds vuqlkj izkS<+koLFkk esa nksuks fyaxks dk lekuqikfr gksuk ,d izkd`frd lR; gS] 'krsZ dk ;kaf=d ;k d`f=e fof/k;ksa ls iwoZ izlo xHkZikr dk dqd`R; vijk/k ugha fd;k tkrk gksA muds vuqlkj izfr gtkj iq:"kksa ds fy,

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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

125

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020

gtkj fL=;ksa dk fo|eku gksuk visf{kr gS ysfdu ;g ftruk lR; vkSj ;FkkFkZ gS] mlls vf/kd ;g ,d vkn'kZ gSA ;fn iq:"kksa dh la[;k dh rqyuk esa efgykvksa dh la[;k vf/kd gksrh gS] rks fyaxkuqikr dks efgykvksa ds vuqdwy ¼larqfyr½ dgk tkrk gS vkSj fLFkfr blds foijhr gks rks fyaxkuqikr dks efgykvksa ds izfrdwy ¼vlarqfyr½ dgk tkrk gS ¼ih-lh- 2001½ rkfydk&1 dks voyksdu ek= ls Li"V gksrk gS fd fyaxkuqikr iq:"k tula[;k ds vuqdwy gSA orZeku le; esa vf/kdka'k fodkl'khy ns'kks esa fyax vuqikr esa deh vk jgh gSA 1901 ds ukyank ftyk esa efgykvksa dk vuqikr iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd Fkk] tks ?kVdj 2011 esa 922 gks x;k gSA rkfydk la[;k 1 ds fo'ys"k.k ls ukyank ftyk esa 1019 Fkk tks ?kVdj 1911 esa 988 gks x;k efgykvksa ij iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa de /;ku fn;k x;kA 1951 esa FkksM+h ls o`f) gqbZ vkSj izfr gtkj iq:"k ij efgykvksa dh la[;k 969 gks x;kA iqu% 1961 esa FkksM+k ?kVdj 967 gks x;k vkSj 1971 esa 933 ij vk x;kA 1991 esa vkSj ?kVdj 898 gks x;kA ijUrq orZeku le; esa yksxksa esa tkx:drk c<+h gS vkSj efgykvksa ds LokLF; ij /;ku fn;k tkus yxk gS vkSj fyax vuqikr esa FkksM+h ls o`f) gqbZ gSA 2001 esa fyaxkuqikr 917 Fkk tks c<+dj 2011 esa 922 gks x;k gSA tcfd 2011 ds tux.kuk ds vuqlkj fcgkj dk fyaxkuqikr 916 gS vkSj Hkkjr dk fyaxkuqikr 940 gSA tula[;k ds fHkUurk dk rkRi;Z efgyk vkSj iq:"kksa ds vuqikfrd laca/k ls gSA bls fyax vuqikr Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fyax vuqikr ls rkRi;Z izfr gtkj iq:"kksa dh la[;k ds ihNs efgyk dh la[;k ls gksrk gS vkSj blesa vlarqyu gksus ls vusd dfBukbZ;kWa mRiUu gksrh gSA orZeku le; esa vf/kdka'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa fyax vuqikr esa deh vk jgh gSA 1901 ds ukyank ftyk esa efgykvksa dk vuqikr iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd Fkk tks ?kVdj 2011 esa 922 gks x;k gSA rkfydk la[;k 1-1 ds fo'ys"k.k ls ukyank ftyk 1901 esa 1019 Fkk tks ?kVdj 1911 esa 988 gks x;k efgykvksa ij iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa de /;ku fn;k x;kA 1951 esa FkksM+h lh o`f) gqbZ vkSj izfr gtkj iq:"k ij efgykvksa dh la[;k 969 gks x;kA iqu% 1961 esa FkksM+k

lk ?kVdj 967 gks x;k vkSj 1971 esa 933 ij vk x;kA 1991 esa vkSj ?kVdj 898 gks x;kA ijUrq orZeku le; esa yksxksa esa tkx:drk c<+h gS vkSj efgykvksa ds LokLF; ij /;ku fn;k tkus yxk gS] vkSj fyax vuqikr esa FkksM+h lh o`f) gqbZ gSA 2001 esa fyaxkuqikr 917 Fkk tks c<+dj 2011 essa 921 gks x;k gS tcfd 2011 ds tux.kuk ds vuqlkj fcgkj dk fyaxkuqikr 916 gS vkSj Hkkjr dk fyaxkuqikr 940 gSA fyaxkuqikr esa Hkh {ks=h; fo"kerk;sa gSA ftl Hkkx esa uxjh; vkcknh vf/kd gksrh gS ogkWa fyaxkuqikr vis{kkd`r de gksrk gS rFkk ftl Hkkx esa vYila[;d leqnk; ds yksx vf/kd gS ogkWa Hkh efgykvksa dk vuqikr vf/kd jgrk gS D;ksafd mu leqnk;ksa esa ngst izFkk dqN de gSA lcls vf/kd fyaxkuqikr tutkfr;ksa rFkk ;gwnh leqnk; esa gksrk gSA ijUrq Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'kksa esa fgUnw leqnk; ds yksxksa esa ngst dh leL;k ds dkj.k yM+dksa ij vf/kd /;ku nsrs gSa vkSj fyax vuqikr ?kV jgk gSA rkfydk la[;k 1 ds fo'ys"k.k v/;;u {ks= esa 1981 esa fyaxkuqikr esa {ks=h; fo"kerk;sa Li"V gksrh gSA 1981 ds tux.kuk esa fcgkj esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 948 efgyk;sa Fkh tcfd ukyUnk ftyk esa 927 fyaxkuqikr FkkA lcls vf/kd fyaxkuqikr fxfj;d iz[kaM esa ¼956½ Fkk vkSj ukyUnk ftyk ds vkSlr vuqikr ls vf/kd fxfj;d iz[kaM ds ckn ljesjk ¼948½] bLykeiqj ¼946½] vLFkkokWa ¼937½] gjukSr ¼933½ uwjljk; (928) iz[kaMksa esa gSA vkSlr fyaxkuqikr ls de ,daxjljk; (916)] fgylk (920)] paMh (922)] fcgkj'kjhQ (922)] jgqbZ (922) vkfn iz[kaMksa esa gSA bu iz[kaMksa esa fcgkj'kjhQ rFkk fgylk esa de fyaxkuqikr dk gksuk uxjh; vkcknh dk izHkko gS D;ksafd uxjh; {ks=kksa esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dh rqyuk esa fyaxkuqikr de gksrk gSA

L=ksr %& fMLVªhDV lsall gS.Mcqd ukyank] iVuk ,oa ukyankA 126

International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020

rFkk iqu% 2001 esa 927 gks x;kA bl iz[kaM esa dksbZ fo'ks"k varj ugha gqvkA Bhd blh rjg jgqbZ iz[kaM esa Hkh 1981 esa 922 fyaxkuqikr Fkk tks 1991 esa ?kVdj 894 gks x;k FkkA ijUrq 2001 esa dqN lq/kkj gqvk vkSj ;g 915 gks x;kA vLFkkok¡ iz[kaM esa Hkh fyaxkuqikr esa deh vk;h gSA 1981 esa bl iz[kaM esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 937 efgyk;sa Fkh tks 1991 esa ?kVdj 904 gks x;k FkkA 2001 esa ;g iqu% c<+dj 923 gks x;kA jktxhj iz[kaM esa Hkh fyaxkuqikr esa deh vk;h gSA 1981 esa fyaxkuqikr 930 Fkk tks 1991 esa ?kVdj 902 gks x;k rFkk 2001 esa 912 gks x;kA fxfj;d iz[kaM esa Hkh fyaxkuqikr esa deh vk;h gS D;ksafd 1981 esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 956 efgyk;sa Fkh tks ?kVdj 1991 esa 930 rFkk 919 gks x;kA Bhd blh rjg fgylk iz[kaM esa Hkh 20 lky ds varjky esa fyaxkuqikr 920 ls 910 gks x;kA ,d ek= paMh iz[kaM esa gh fyaxkuqikr esa o`f) gqbZ gS D;ksafd 1981 esa bl iz[kaM esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij efgykvksa dh la[;k 922 Fkk tks c<+dj 2001 esa 961 gks x;kA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd bl iz[kaM esa iq:"k vU; {ks=ksa ds fy, izokl fd;s gSA ,daxjljk; esa 1981 esa fyaxkuqikr 916 rFkk tks ?kVdj 897 gks x;kA 1991 ,oa 2001 esa ;g 908 gks x;k gSA bLykeiqj esa Hkh fyaxkuqikr esa deh vk;h gSA 1981 esa ;gkWa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 940 efgyk;sa Fkh tks vc 1991 esa 908 rFkk 2001 esa 911 gks x;kA

L=ksr % fMLVªhDV lsll gSMcqd] ukyank 1991 ,oa 2001 rkfydk la[;k 3 ls 1991 rFkk 2001 dk fyaxkuqikr Li"V gksrk gSA 1991 esa fcgkj esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 907 efgyk;sa FkhaA tcfd ukyUnk ftyk esa ek=k 898 Fkh tks fcgkj ds vkSlr fyaxkuqikr ls Hkh de gSA 1991 ds tux.kuk ds vuqlkj lcls vf/d fyaxkuqikr fxfj;d iz[kaM (930) esa ik;k x;kA ukyUnk ftyk ds vkSlr fyaxkuqikr ls vf/kd fyaxkuqikr fxfj;d iz[kaM ds vykos bLykeiqj (908)] vLFkkok¡ (904)] jktxhj (902)] uwjljk; (901)] ljesjk (901) ,oa jgqbZ (894) FkkA 'ks"k iz[kaMksa esa fyaxkuqikr de ik;k x;kA blds varxZr ,daxjljk; (897)] fcgkj'kjhQ (889)] gjukSr (886)] fgylk (883) bR;kfn gSA 2001 ds vkadM+k ds vuqlkj fcgkj esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij efgykvksa dh la[;k 919 Fkh tcfd ukyUnk ftyk esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 914 efgyk;sa FkhaA lcls vf/d paMh iz[kaM esa (967) gSA bl iz[kaM ds ckn ftyk ds vkSlr fyxkauqikr (914) ds varxZr fxfj;d (944)] drjhljk; (932)] uxjukSlk (930)] uwjljk; (927)] vLFkkok¡ (923)] ijoyiqj (923)] ljesjk (919)] flyko (918)] jgqbZ (915) FkkA 'ks"k iz[kaMksa esa vkSlr ls de fyaxkuqikr ik;h xbZA blds varxZr jktxhj (912)] csu (911)] drjhljk;] bLykeiqj (911)] izR;sd)] fgylk (910)] ,daxjljk; (908)] fcgkj'kjhQ (904)] fcan (904)] FkjFkjh (904)] gjukSr (901) bR;kfn gSA mijksDr rkfydkvksa 2 vkSj 3 ds rqyukRed vè;;u ls dqN iz[kaMksa esa fyaxkuqikr esa ifjoÙkZu Li"V gksrk gSA fcgkj'kjhQ iz[kaM esa 1981 esa 922 fyaxkuqikr Fkk tks 1991 esa ?kVdj 889 rFkk 2001 esa 904 gks x;kA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd fcgkj'kjhiQ iz[kaM esa uxjh; vkcknh ds dkj.k fyaxkuqikr esa dqN deh vk;h gSA uwjljk; iz[kaM esa 1981 esa izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 928 efgyk;sa Fkh tks 1991 esa ?kVdj 901 gks x;k International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

L=ksr % fMLVªhDV lsall gS.Mcqd] ukyank&2011

127

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020

vkcknh vf/kd gksrh gS] ogkWa fyaxkuqikr vis{kkd`r de gksrk gS rFkk ftl Hkkx esa vYila[;d leqnk; ds yksx vf/kd gS ogkWa Hkh efgykvksa dk vuqikr vf/kd jgrk gS D;ksafd mu leqnk;ksa esa ngst izFkk dqN de gSA lcls vf/kd fyaxkuqikr tutkfr;ksa rFkk ;gwnh leqnk; esa gksrk gS ijUrq Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'kks esa fgUnw leqnk; ds yksxksa esa ngst dh leL;k ds dkj.k yM+dksa ij vf/kd /;ku nsrs gS vkSj fyax vuqikr ?kV jgk gSA ijUrq bu lHkh ckrksa dks Hkqydj fyaxkuqikr dks ukyank ftyk esa Hkh larqfyr j[kus dh vko';drk gS vU;Fkk blls lkekftd leL;kvksa dk fodkl gks jgk gSA lanHkZ lwph I.

IykbZ] Vh-,aM csgjfcu] ,l-th- ¼1964½ ^^ySaM bdksukfeDl** n ;wfuHkflZVh vkWQ foldkWuflu izsl eSMhlhu] iw0211

II.

eseksfj;k] lh-ch-¼1988½% ^^T;ksxzkQh vkWQ bafM;k** lkfgR; Hkou] vkxjkA

III.

jhCl] vkj-th- ,ulksu] ,-,aM yaMsu-Mh-¼1975½ % ^eSuq;y vkWQ jheksV lsaflax** vesfjdu lkslkbVh vkWQ QksVksxzkQh iky ppZ HkftZfu;kA

IV.

jkWfoUlu] MCyw-lh- ¼1975½ % ^ikWiqys'ku ,aM MsHkyiesaV Iykfuax** gkWLVu eSfQu] cksLVuA

V.

jk; f'kouUnu ¼1973½ % ^^bEifyesaVs'ku vkWQ ySaM fjQkeZ bu fcgkj flUl bu fMisUMsal**A

VI.

flag] fo'oukFk izlkn ¼1992½ % ^^fcgkj dk Hkwxksy** jkds'k ifCyds'ku] ubZ fnYyhA

VII. flag] vkj-,y-¼1971½ % ^^bafM;k fjtuy T;ksxzkQh** flYHkj tqcyh ifCyds'ku]

,u-th-,l-] okjk.klh] i`- 231 VIII. flag vkj-ckbZ¼1998½ % ^^T;ksxzkQh vkWQ lsVyesaV** jkor ifCyds'ku] ubZ

fnYyh] i`- 14

2011 ds tux.kuk ds vuqlkj ukyank ftyk dk fyaxkuqikr 922 gSA iz[kaMokj fyaxkuqikr dk voyksdu ls Li"V gksrk gS fd izR;sd iz[kaM esa fyaxkuqikr de gSA ftyk ds fcan iz[kaM esa lcls vf/kd (954) fyaxkuqikr gSA ukyank ftyk ds vkSlr fyaxkuqikr 922 ls vf/kd fyaxkuqikr okys iz[kaMksa esa jgqbZ (948)] drjh ljk; (943)] vLFkkok¡ (939)] fxfj;d (932)] djk; ijlqjk; (931)] flyko (925)] uwjljk; (924) ,oa paMh (923) gSA 'ks"k iz[kaMksa esa fyaxkuqikr vkSlr ls de gSA blds varxZr bLykeiqj (921)] fcgkj'kjhiQ (919)] ljesjk (919)] csu (918)] ijoyiqj (917)] ,daxjljk; (916)] uxjukSlk (915)] jktxhj (913)] fgylk ,oa FkjFkjh (911) ,oa gjukSr esa lcls de fyaxkuqikr (894) gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd 2001 dh rqyuk esa 2011 esa fyaxkuqikr esa dqN o`f) gqbZ gSA vkSlr fyaxkuqikr 914 izfr gtkj ls c<+dj 922 gks x;k gSA fcan iz[kaM esa 2001 esa izfr gtkj iq:"k 904 gh efgyk;sa Fkh tks 2011 esa c<+dj 954 gks x;hA fcgkj'kjhQ iz[kaM esa Hkh 904 ls c<+dj 911 gks x;k gSA fu"d"kZ fyaxkuqikr esa Hkh {ks=h; fo"kerk,Wa gS oLrqr% ftl Hkkx esa uxjh; 128

International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]