Research Paper
Education
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 7 | July 2020
f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u Dr. Naresh Kumar Principal, Shree Ganpati Institute of Education and Technology, Faizabad, Mahendergarh (Hry), India. ABSTRACT
izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u fofHkUu vk;ke]lkekftd xfr'khyrk] 'kSf{kd xfr'khyrk] O;olkf;d xfr'khyrk]HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk vkUrihZ<+h xfr'khyrk ds vUrxZr fd;k x;k gSaA v/;;u gsrq jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;]t;iqj ls lEc) f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr dqy 400 izk/;kidksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks tkuus ds fy, LofufeZr midj.k ds :Ik esa iz'ukoyh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl iz'ukoyh esa fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa ds lq>koksa ds vk/kkj ij 45 iz'uksa dk p;u dj vfUre :Ik fn;k x;k gS ,oa izekihd`r fd;k x;kA KEYWORDS :
f'k{kd izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;] lkekftd xfr'khyrk
izLrkouk % orZeku n'kd esa lkekftd xfr'khyrk o lkekftd Lrjhdj.k lekt'kkL=h; o f'k{kk ds v/;;u dk eq[; fo"k; jgk gSA 1950 ds ckn ds o"kksZa esa xfr'khyrk ls lEcfU/kr rF; ,oa ?kVuk,sa gesa;g crkrs gSa bldk lEcU/k vkS?kksfxdj.k ,oa 'kgjhdj.k ls gSA 20oha 'krkCnh ds vfUre n'kd esa vkfFkZd fodkl] oS'ohdj.k o f'k{kk ds izlkj us O;oLkk; ds uohu volj ,oa u;s {ks=ksa us O;fDr dh lkekftd izfLFkfr dks ifjoZfrZr fd;k gSA vkS?kksfxd o 'kgjhdj.k vkfn ls lEiw.kZ fo'o dh tula[;k dks ubZ ifjfLFkfr esa cnydj j[k fn;k gSA lekt'kkL=h; ijEijkvks a dh vks j vxj ge ns [ ks tks dkEVs¼1798&1857½ us lekt 'kkL= dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k FkkA izFke lkekftd fLFkfr foKku vkSj nwljh lkekftd xfr foKkuA lkekftd fLFkfr foKku lekt dh lajpuk ls lEcaf/kr gS vkSj lkekftd xfr foKku mlds fodkl ls lEcfU/kr gSA lkekftd fLFkfr foKku dh lkFkZdrk ;g gS fd ;g foKku lkekftd O;oLFkk ds ewy fl)kUrksa ls gekjk ifjp; djokrk gS] rkfd ge muds egRo dks le>dj vius lkekftd thou dks bl izdkj laxfBr djs ftlls lkekftd lUrqyu fcxM+us u ik;s vkSj ekuo ds HkkSfrd] uSfrd rFkk ckSf)d rhuksa i{kksa dk lUrqfyr fodkl ljy gks lds bls gh lkekftd fu;a=.k dg ldrs gSaA lekt 'kkL= dk nwljk izeq[k Hkkx lkekftd xfr foKku gSA lkekftd xfr foKku dh vko';drk ;k izxfr dk v/;;u gSA ;g ekuork dh vko';d rFkk fujUrj xfr dk foKku gSA blds vUrxZr os fuf'pr fu;e vk tkrs gS] ftlds vuqlkj lekt dk Øfed fodkl ;k ifjoZru gksrk gSA lkekftd xfr'khyrk ds v/;;u esa ijsVks dh vo/kkj.kk dkQh egRo j[krh gSA muds }kjk izfrikfnr vfHktkr oxZ ds ifjHkze.k dh vo/kkj.kk egRoiw.kZ gSA isjsVks ds vuqlkj bl vfHktkr & oxZ ds vUrxZr fujUrj Åij uhps vkus tkus dh ,d izfØ;k pyrh jgrh gS ftls fd isjsVks us vfHktkr ds ifjHkze.k dh laKk nh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa lkekftd laLrj.k dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gksrh gS fd dksbZ Hkh oxZ fo'ks"kdj vfHktkr oxZ vf/kd fLFkj ugha gksrk vius thou esa izkIr lQyrk ;k vlQyrk ds vuqlkj fuEu oxZ ds O;fDr mPp oxZ esa vk ldrs gS rFkk mPp oxZ ds yksx fuEu oxZ esa tk ldrs gSA bl ifjHkze.k dh xfr izR;sd lekt esa ,d&lh ugha gksrhA ijUrq ifjHkze.k dh
izfØ;k izR;sd lekt esa gksrh vo'; gS] D;ksadh dksbZ Hkh oxZ iw.kZr;k can oxZ gks lds] ,slk lEHko ughaA okLro esa izR;sd lekt esa fdlh u fdlh xfr ls vfHktkrksa ds ifjHkze.k dh izfØ;k pyrh gh jgrh gSA mlh izdkj vfHktkrksa ds ifjHkze.k dh rhozrk izR;sd lekt esa fHkUu fHkUu gksrh gSA mi;qDrZ fooj.k ls ;g Li"V gS fd ijs;s ds erkuqlkj vfHktkr oxZ dk iru rFkk fuEu oxZ dk mRFkku ;k mij dh vksj p<+uk gj lekt esa gj le; gksrk jgrk gSA ijs;s ds erkuqlkj lkekftd lajpuk esa tks mPp&fuEu dk laLrj.k gksrk gS] og eksVs rkSj ij nks oxksZa }kjk gksrk gSA mPp oxZ rFkk fuEu oxZA buesa ls dksbZ Hkh oxZ fLFkj ugha gksrk vfirq muesa pØh; xfr ikbZ tkrh gSA lkekftd xfr'khyrk 'kCn ^lkekftd^ ,oa ^xfr'khyrk^ ds ;ksx ls cuk lkFkZd 'kCn gSA ^lkekftd^ dk vFkZ gS lekt fo"k;d tcfd ^xfr'khyrk^ dk vFkZ gS xeu djuk & vxzlj gksuk] ,d LFkku fo'ks"k ls nwljs LFkku ij pyuk rFkk fLFkfr ifjoZru vFkkZr~ ,d lkekftd fLFkfr ls nwljh lkekftd fLFkfr dks izkIr djuk gh lkekftd xfr'khyrk gSA ;g lkekftd fLFkfr mPp Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj fuEu HkhA ,d ijEijkxr vkSj :f<+oknh lekt ls oSKkfud vkSj izkS?kksfxdh lEIkUu vk/kqfud lekt dh miyfC/k lkekftd xfr'khyrk gSA bl izdkj 'kks/kdrkZ us f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djus dk ekul cuk;kA leL;k dFku % ^^f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u^^ rduhdh 'kCnksa dk ikfjHkk"khdj.k % f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; % ,sls egkfo|ky; tgk¡ ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|ky;ksa ds fy, v/;kidksa dks izf'k{k.k iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g egkfo|ky; jk"Vªh; v/;kid f'k{kk ifj"kn~ }kjk ekU;rk izkIr gksrs gSA lkekftd xfr'khyrk % fdlh O;fDr ;k lewg dk ,d lkekftd fLFkfr ls nwljh lkekftd fLFkfr esa xeu djuk gh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dgykrk gSA vFkkZr~
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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
72