SWAMI VIVEKANAND AUR BHARTIYA RASTHRAVAD: EK SAMIKSHATMAK ADHYAYAN

Research Paper

Literature

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2019

SWAMI VIVEKANAND AUR BHARTIYA RASTHRAVAD: EK SAMIKSHATMAK ADHYAYAN

Lokeh foosdkuan vkSj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn % ,d leh{kkRed v/;;u Smita

ABSTRACT

1893 esa f'kdkxks dh /keZlHkk esa fn;k x;k foosdkuan th dk Hkk"k.k mudh fo'o ca/kqRo dh lksp dks fcydqy li"V djrk gSA mudh igyh iafDr Fkh vesfjdh cguksa vkSj Hkkb;ksa tks fo'o dks ,d lw=k esa ,d n`"V ls ns[krk gS] ,sls egku O;fDr dks ;nk&dnk fgUnw jk"Vªokn dh cgl esa ,d mxz /kkfeZd jk"Vªokn dh ifjdYiuk esa is'k fd;k tkrk gSa ;fn foosdkuan th ds thou n'kZu dks /;ku ls le>k tk;s rks ,sls eux<ar vkSj Hkzked O;DrRo fcydqy gh fujk/kkj utj vkrs gSaA foosdkuan th viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds mRFkku ds fy;s ftl jk"Vªokn dh dYiuk djrs gSa mlds ewy esa ekuorkokn] vk/;kfRed fodkl vkSj lkaLd`frd u otkxj.k gSA bls gkfly djus ds fy;s mgksaus osnkafrd n'kZu dks viuk midj.k cuk;kA foosdkuan th ftl Hkwfedk dks le>us dh ckr djrs Fks] og u, euq"; vkSj u, lekt dh Hkwfedk FkhA d:.kk] O;fDrxr Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj fo'oca/kqRo ij vk/kkfjr vk/kqfud 'kfDr'kkyh Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k dh Hkwfedk FkhA foodkuan lp dks viuk nsork ekurs Fks vkSj dgrs Fks fd iwjh nqfu;k esjk ns'k gSA jk"Vªokn vkSj jk"Vªh;rk muds fy;s fdlh ladh.kZrk dk uke ugha FkkA foosdkuan th rks ,sls jk"Vªoknh lar Fks] ftUgsa Hkkjr dh feêh ds d.k&d.k ls I;kj FkkA mudk dguk Fkk& eSa Hkkjrh; gw¡ vkSj gj Hkkjrh; esjk HkkbZ gSA vKkuh gks ;k fQj xjhc gks] vHkkoxzLr gks ;k czkg~e.k ;k fQj vNwr gks oks esjk HkkbZ gSA Hkkjr dk lekt esjs cpiu dk ikyuk gS vkSj esjs tokuh ds vkuan dk cxhpk gSA esjs cq<+kis dh dk'kh gSA Hkkjr dh feêh esjs fy;s lcls cM+k LoxZ gSA 'kCn ladsr % jk"Vªokn] foosdkuan] ekr`Hkwfe] fo'oca/kqRo ,oa Hkkjrh;A fo"k; izos'k % Hkkjr _f"k ijEijk dk ns'k gS] ;s +_f"k gh Hkkjrh; ewY; v/;kRe laLd`fr vkSj Kku ds lqn`<+ djrs gSaA orZeku le; ;qokvksa dh miHkksDrkoknh laLd`fr vkSj izcU/kdh; es/kk dk gSA miyfC/k;ka Xykscy gSA fQj Hkh ns'kdky vFkok ifjos'k dks cnyus esa mudh dksbZ lkFkZd Hkwfedk ugha ifjyf{kr gksrh gS oju~ ewY;cks/k ds fo"k; esa ;qok ih<+h nwj gSA ,sls ifjos'k esa foosdkUn dk jk"Vªokn vkSj ;qokvksa dk vkokg~u lkekf;d egRo gSA Lokeh foosdkuUn ,d egku ns'k HkDr fpUrd] vk/;kfed] usrk] ekuork izseh rFkk tkx`r djus okys lUr FksA os vk/kqfud ekuo ds vkn'kZ izfrfuf/k gSA oSfnd /keZ ,oa laLd`fr ds leLr Lo:iksa ds mTtoy izrhd gksrs gq, os ,d ,sls Hkkjrh; fopkjd gSa ftUgksasus Hkkjrh; laLd`fr o /keZ dks O;k[;kf;r djus dk xq:rj dk;Z fd;k lkFk gh iwoZdkyhu vo/kkj.kkvksa dks ledkyhu lanHkZ esa ifjHkkf"kr dj ,d uwru jktuhfrd le> dks tUe fn;kA Lokeh th ds fopkjksa ls Hkkjr gh ugha oju~ lEiw.kZ fo'o izHkkfor ,oa ykHkkfUor gqvkA vkt ds oSKkfud ;qx esa ekuo ds le{k vusdkusd leL;k,a gSa muds izfr gekjh le> rFkk fudjkdj.k ds ekxZ Hkh mUgksaus izLrqr fd,A ;s lHkh ekxZ mu fpjUru lR;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gS tks osnkUr rFkk fo'o ds vU; egku /keksZa esa fufgr gSaA muds gh 'kCnksa esa tks /keZ iwjh nqfu;k dks ije~ lfg".kqrk ,oa lHkh erksa dh lkoZtfud Lohd`fr dh f'k{kk nsrk gS eSa mlh /keZ dk gwa ml ij eq>s xoZ gSA

12 tuojh 1863 dks dydÙkk esa ujsUnzukFk dk tUe gksuk fQj Lokeh jked`".k ijegal ds laidZ esa vkdj ckyd ujsanz dk Lokeh foosdkuan cu tkuk ,d vyx dgkuh gSA mlls Hkh vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA f'kdkxks fo'o /keZlaln esa /keZ vkSj jk"Vªokn ij fn;k mudk Hkk"k.kA 1893 dks f'kdkxks esa vk;ksftr fo'o /keZ laln esa Lokeh foosdkuan }kjk vius fo'o izfl) Hkk"k.k esa Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn dh ftl psruk dks tkx`r fd;k Fkk og psruk xqyke Hkkjr esa ml jk"Vª iqu:RFkku ds fy, vfr vko';d Fkh] ftl jk"Vª dh cgqla[;d turk vius lexz lalk/kuksa vkSj iw.kZ ,dtqVrk ls 1857 ds izFke Lora=krk laxzke esas vaxzstksa ds fo:) yM+dj ijkftr gks pqdh FkhA Lokeh foosdkuan gj rjg dh fofo/krk ds leFkZd FksA cgqyrk ij vk/kkfjr jk"Vªokn mudk y{; FkkA mudk dguk Fkk fd gy idM+s gq, fdlkuksa dh dqfV;k ls u, Hkkjr dk mn; gks eksph eNqvkjksa vkSj Hkaxh ds fny ls u, Hkkjr dk mn; gksA ialkjh dh nqdku ls u, Hkkkjr dk tUe gksA cxhpksa vkSj taxyksa ls mls fudyus nks ioZrks vkSj igkM+ksa ls mls fudyus nksA foosdkuan th dk ekuuk Fkk fd uSlfxZd vkSj LoLFk jk"Vªokn dk fodkl rHkh gksxk tc u flQZ /keksZa ds chp cYdh iwjc vkSj if'pe dh laLd`fr;ksa ds chp cjkcjh dk vknku&iznku gksA 1893 esa f'kdkxks dh /keZlHkk esa fn;k x;k foosdkuan th dk

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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

14

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2019

Hkk"k.k mudh fo'o ca/kqRo dh lksp dks fcydqy li"V djrk gSA mudh igyh iafDr Fkh vesfjdh cguksa vkSj Hkkb;ksa tks fo'o dks ,d lw=k esa ,d n`"V ls ns[krk gS] ,sls egku O;fDr dks ;nk&dnk fgUnw jk"Vªokn dh cgl esa ,d mxz /kkfeZd jk"Vªokn dh ifjdYiuk esa is'k fd;k tkrk gSa ;fn foosdkuan th ds thou n'kZu dks /;ku ls le>k tk;s rks ,sls eux<ar vkSj Hkzked O;DrRo fcydqy gh fujk/kkj utj vkrs gSaA foosdkuan th viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds mRFkku ds fy;s ftl jk"Vªokn dh dYiuk djrs gSa mlds ewy esa ekuorkokn] vk/;kfRed fodkl vkSj lkaLd`frd u otkxj.k gSA bls gkfly djus ds fy;s mgksaus osnkafrd n'kZu dks viuk midj.k cuk;kA foosdkuan th ftl Hkwfedk dks le>us dh ckr djrs Fks] og u, euq"; vkSj u, lekt dh Hkwfedk FkhA d:.kk] O;fDrxr Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj fo'oca/kqRo ij vk/kkfjr vk/kqfud 'kfDr'kkyh Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k dh Hkwfedk FkhA f'kdkxksa /keZlHkk ds fonkbZ Hkk"k.k esa foosdkuan th us dgk Fkk &/keksZa ds chp ,drk ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN dgk x;k gS ysfdu vxj dksbZ ;s lksprk gS fd ,d /keZ ds nwljs /keZ ij thr LFkkfir djus ls ,drk LFkkfir gksxh rks ;s xyr gSA eSa mUgsa dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd ca/kq vki xyr mEehn yxk cSBs gSaA D;k eq>s ;g mEehn yxkuh pkfg;s fd fØf'p;u fgUnw gks tk;s ;k fQj fgUnw vkSj ckS) dks fØf'p;u gks tkuk pkfg;sA bZ'oj ekQ djsA foodkuan lp dks viuk nsork ekurs Fks vkSj dgrs Fks fd iwjh nqfu;k esjk ns'k gSA jk"Vªokn vkSj jk"Vªh;rk muds fy;s fdlh ladh.kZrk dk uke ugha FkkA foosdkuan th rks ,sls jk"Vªoknh lar Fks] ftUgsa Hkkjr dh feêh ds d.k&d.k ls I;kj FkkA mudk dguk Fkk& eSa Hkkjrh; gw¡ vkSj gj Hkkjrh; esjk HkkbZ gSA vKkuh gks ;k fQj xjhc gks] vHkkoxzLr gks ;k czkg~e.k ;k fQj vNwr gks oks esjk HkkbZ gSA Hkkjr dk lekt esjs cpiu dk ikyuk gS vkSj esjs tokuh ds vkuan dk cxhpk gSA esjs cq<+kis dh dk'kh gSA Hkkjr dh feêh esjs fy;s lcls cM+k LoxZ gSA ,slh ?ku?kksj grk'kk vkSj fujk'kk ds chp fo'o /keZ laln esa viuh vk/;kfRed 'kfDr ls nqfu;k dks ubZ jkg fn[kkus dk tks oDrO; foosdkuan us f'kdkxksa dh /keZ laln esa fd;k mlls leLr Hkkjr esa ,d ubZ psruk vkSj ,d u, vkRefo'okl dk lapkj gqvkA ml /keZ laln esa Hkkjr dh 'kfDr dk lzksr mldh /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk vkSj /keZ esa lkoZHkkSfed Lohd`r dks crk;kA foosdkuUn us dgk & eq>s xoZ gS fd eSa ml /keZ ls gw¡ ftlus nqfu;k dks lfg".kqrk vkSj lkoZHkkSfed Lohd`fr dk ikB i<+k;k ge flQZ lkoZHkkSfed lfg".kqrk ij gh fo'okl ugh djrs cfYd ge lHkh /keksZa dks lp ds :Ik esa Lohdkj djrs gSaA eq>s xoZ gS fd eSa ml ns'k ls gw¡ ftlus lHkh /keksZa vkSj lHkh ns'kksa ls lrk, x, yksxksa dks vius ;gka 'kj.k nhA eq>s xoZ gS fd vkius fny esa geus btjk;y dh og ifo=k ;knsa latksa dj j[kh gSa tks geykojksa us u"V dj nhA xhrk ds 'yksd dk mn`r dj foosdkuan dgrs gSaA tks Hkh eq> rd vkrk gS pkgs dSlk Hkh gks eSa ml rd igqaprk gw¡A yksx 15

vyx&vyx jkLrs pqurs gSa ijs'kkfu;ka >syrs gSa] ysfdu vkf[kj esa eq> rd igqaprs gSaA vFkkZr~ lHkh /keksZa dh f'k{kk,a lHkh /keksZa ds jkLrs Hkys gh vyx&vyx gSa ysfdu lc /keksZa dk ewy og ,d loZ'kfDreku gh gS] tks ekuork esa gh izfrfcafcr gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ euq";rk dk dY;k.k gh lHkh /keksZa dk ewy gSA vius izkjfEHkd dky esa Hkkjr Hkze.k ds le; Hkkjrokfl;ksa dh xjhch vkSj fiNM+siu ls vR;Ur nq[kh Fks ftl gsrq mUgksaus jk"Vªh; tkx:drk iSnk djuk izkjEHk fd;k ,oa ;qokvksa dks lekt lsok gsrq vkdf"kZr fd;kA vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, mUur [ksrh] xzkeh.k m|ksx rFkk LoPNrkiw.kZ thou vko';d gSA lfn;ksa ls 'kks"k.k vkSj lkekftd fujadq'krk% lgus ds dkj.k yksx xfjek vkSj vk'kk dh Hkkouk [kks pqds gSaA vkRe fo'okl dk lapkj fd;k tkuk vko';d gS vkSj bldk mÙkj gekjh izkphu vk/;kfRed laLd`fr dh nsu vFkkZr~ osnkUr esa ekStwn gSA Lokeh th ds jktuhfrd fpUru dk vk/kkj /keZ jgkA mudh n`f"V esa /keZ ls lektksRFkku vkSj lektksRFkku ls jk"Vªokn lqn`<+ gksrk gSA os jktuhfrd vkUnksyu ds i{k/kj ugha FksA fdUrq ân; ls pkgrs Fks fd ,d 'kfDr'kkyh ohj vkSj xfr'khy jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k gksA os fdlh /keZ jktuhfrd nk'kZfud ugha FksA mUgksaus Lo;a fy[kk gSA eSa u jktuhfrd gw¡ u jktuhfud vkUnksyu epkus okyksa esa gw¡A eSa dsoy vkRe rRo dh fpUrk djrk gw¡ tc Bhd gksxk rc dke vius vki Bhd gks tk;saxsA blds ckn muds fopkjksa esa ,d ifjiDo jktuhfrd nk'Zu ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA ns'kokfl;ksa dks fuHkZ;rk vkSj deZ dh izsj.kk ls gh Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn dh tkx`fr laHko gks ldhA O;fDr dh xfjek fpUru dh Lora=krk] ukjh tkxj.k] nfyrks)kj ,oa fo'o ca/kqRo ij O;Dr fopkj mUgsa Js"B jktuhfrd fl) djrs gSaA foosdkUn us lkaLd`frd jk"Vªokn ls Hkkjrh;ksa esa xkSjoe;h vrhr ds izfr vy[k txkbZA fo'o ds lEeq[k Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh Js"Brk dh ?kks"k.k ls fgUnqvksa esa uohu izsj.kk vkSj 'kfDr dk lapkj gqvkA tks ;wjksih; lH;rk ds lkFk jk"Vªh; iqu:RFkku dk ekxZ Hkh iz'kLr fd;kA Lokeh th ds ân; esa ns'k vkSj ns'kokfl;ksa ds fy, vlhe izse Fkk tks le; ij muds lans'kksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] mUgha ds 'kCnksa esa xoZ ls dgks esa Hkkjrh; gw¡ lkjs Hkkjrh; esjs cU/kq gSaA Hkkjr dh feêh esjs fy, LoxZ gS Hkkjr ds dY;k.k esa esjk dy;k.k gSA iqu% bZ'oj dh lsok djuk pkgrs gks rks euq"; dh lsok djksA bl euq"; dh ftls rqEgkjh lgk;rk dh izcy vko';drk gSA nhu] nq[kh] vlgk; vkSj ihfM+r ekuork dh lsok gh bZ'oj dh lPph lsok gSA bl rjg foosdkuun ds /kkfeZd vk/;kfRedrk dk R;kx dj nksxs vkSj if'pe dh lH;rk ds ihNs nkSM+ksxs rks bldk ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd rhu ihf<+;ksa esa rqe ,d e`r tkfr cu tkvksxs D;ksafd blls jk"Vª dh jh<+ VwV tk,xh vkSj ftldk Qy loksZxh.k fouk'k gksxkA Lokeh th ds fpUru esa Lora=krk izeq[k LFkku jpkrh gS mudh n`f"V esa lEiw.kZ fo'o lrr~ International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2019

Lo=krk dh vksj vxzlj gSA thou lq[k vkSj le`f) dh ,d ek=k 'krZ fpUru vkSj d;Z esa Lora=krk gSA ftl {k=k esa ugha gS ml {ks=k esa euq"; tkfr vkSj jk"Vª dk iru gksxkA Lokeh th bl n`f"V ls O;kogkfjd nk'kZfud Fks fd mUgksaus vk/;kfRed ds lkFk&lkFk vius jk"Vªoknh fopkjksa esa loksZaxhu izxfr ds f y, Lora=krk dks vR;kT; ekukA Lora=krk muds fy, ,d izkd`frd vf/kdkj gS ftls lekt ds lHkh lnL;ksa dks leku :Ik esa izkIr gksuk pkfg,A foosdkuan ds jk"Vªoknh fpUru esa 'kfDr vkSj fuHkhZdrk Hkh egRoiw.kZ FkhA mUgksaus Hkkjrh;ksa dks 'kfDr vkSj fuHkhZdrk dk lans'k fn;kA vius lHkh laca/kksa esa os izk;% bl ckr dks js][kkafdr djrs Fks fd 'kfDr vkSj fuMjrk ds vHkko esa u rks O;fDrxr vfLrRo dh j{kk gks ldrh gS vkSj u gh la?k"kZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izfrjks/k ds vk/kkj ij gh Hkkjrh; oSnsf'kd 'kfDr ls la?k"kZ dj ldsA os dk;jrk dks ?k`.kk dh n`f"V ls ns[krs FksA mUgksaus dgk Fkk & dk;jrk ,oa jktuhfrd ew[kZrk ls esjk dksbZ laca/k ughaA ljy :i ls Lokeh th Hkkjrh; esa ,d ,slh pkfjf=kd 'kfDr Hkj nsuk pkgrs Fks] tks R;kx vkSj fuMjrk ls mRiUu gksrh gSA mUgsa ;qokvksa dh 'kfDr ij vkSj deZe; thou ij fo'okl FkkA Lokeh foosdkuan jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa O;fDr dk xkSjo Hkh ns[krs FksA tc ln~xq.kksa dk fodkl gksxk] lEeku vkSj xfjek tkxzr gksxh rHkh jk"Vª 'kfDr'kkyh cu ldsxkA muds gh 'kCnksa esa ekuo LoHkko ds xkSjo dks lnSo ;kn j[kuk gSA Lokth th us fo'o/keZ laln esa ftl rjg lHkh /keksZa vkSj lcds bZ'oj dh ppkZ dh mlls mudh vUrjkZ"Vªh; n`f"V vkSj fo'o ca/kqRo Li"V gksrk gSA ;|fi Lokeh th fgUnq /keZ dh Js"Brk esa fo'okl j[krs FksA fdUrq lkFk gh mUgsa fdlh vU; jk"Vª ls ?k`.kk ugha FkhA Lokeh foosdkuan ds ân; esa xjhcksa] vlgk;ksa ,oa efgykvksa ds fy, Hkjiwj lEeku FkkA blhfy, mUgksaus dgk FkkA >ksifM+;ksa esa fuokl djrk gS >ksifM+;ksa dh n'kk lq/kkjuh gksxhA Lokeh th bl fu"d"kZ ij igqap pqds Fks fd lekt esa lerk LFkkfir djuh gksxhA thou ,d la?k"kZ gS vkSj la?k"kZ cUn gksus dk vFkZ gS e`R;qA Lokeh th efgykvksa ds lEeku vkSj mRFkku ds Hkh i{k/kj FksA mudh n`f"V esa Hkh lekt dh nqnZ'kk dk izeq[k dkj.k efgykvksa dh vogsyuk gSA vr% efgykvksa dks ,slh f'k{kk nsuh gksxh ftlls muds eu dh 'kfDr c<+s vkSj cqf) dk fodkl laHko gksA bl rjg Lokeh foosdkuan ds rste; thou vkSj jktuhfrd fpUru ls ;g fu"d"kZ fy;k tk ldrk gS fd mUgksaus tu tkxj.k }kjk lkaLd`frd jk"Vªokn dh uhao j[khA deZ ij cy nsdj fuHkhZdrk dks vkxs j[kkA rRdkyhu Hkkjr ds le{k mifLFkr pqukSfr;ksa ;Fkk xjhch] vf'k{kk] vU/kfo'okl] /keZ vkSj tkfr dk vyxko vkfn dks fpfUgr fd;kA jked`".k fe'ku dh LFkkiuk dj Hkkjr esa osnkUr dk izpkj fd;k vkSj fo'o ca/kqRo International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

dk lans'k fn;kA Lokeh th gj :i esa ekuork dk vk/;kfRed mRFkku pkgrs FksA dsoy lEHkkoukvksa dk fodkl djuk gS vkSj mls lkdkj :i nsuk gSA vkt ds ;qx esa tc izR;sd O;fDr vkRe dsfUnzr vkSj LokFkhZ gks jgk gSA ,sls esa Lokeh dk lans'k gh ns'k dh j{kk dj ldrk gSA Hkkjr dk mRFkku&iru Lokeh foosdkuan us lkjs Hkkjr dks vR;Ur fudV ls ns[kk FkkA mUgksaus Hkkjrh;rk dks vius vUnj th;k FkkA bl thoUr vuqHkwfr ij vk/kkfjr mudk fpUru FkkA lkekU;r% bfrgkl dks fons'kh n`f"V ls ns[kus ds vknh vk/kqfud fo}ku Lokehth dh vUrn`f"V dh xgjkbZ dks ugha idM+ ikrs gSa mUgsa Lokehth dh jk"VªHkfDr o mudh ekuork esa fojks/kkHkkl fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA bldk dkj.k mudk Lo;a dk jk"Vªcks/k vk/kqfud if'peh fopkj ls izHkkfor gSA if'pe esa izFker% lkezkT; dh jktuSfrd n`f"V ls jk"Vªcks/k txk vkSj f}rh; egk;q) ds ckn tc lkezkT;ksa dk iru gqvk rc vesfjdh usr`Ro esa vkfFkZd jk"Vªokn dk mn~Hko gqvkA bu nksuksa gh n`f"V ls Hkkjr dks le>us dk iz;Ru vlQy gh gksxkA okLro esa bu v/kqjh /kkj.kkkvsa ls os Hkh Lo;a dks ifjHkkf"kr ugha dj ik jgs gSaA vkt fo'o Hkh ;g ekuus dh vksj py iM+k gS fd jk"Vª;rk dk vk/kkj laLd`fr o /keZ gh gksrk gSA Lokeh foosdkuan us bl lkaLd`fd jk"Vªokn dk ifjp; Hkkjr dks djok;kA mUgksaus fgUnwRo dks Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; igpku ds :i esa izfrf"Br fd;kA fdUnw jk"Vª bl 'kCnkoyh dk izFke iz;ksx lEHkor% Lokeh foosdkuan us gh fd;k gSA f'kdkxksa esa vius izFke Hkk"k.k esa mUgksaus vius fgUnw gksus ij xoZ dk foLrkj ls o.kZu fd;k gSA bl jk"Vªh; ifjizs{; esa le>us ij gesa gekjs fo'kky ns'k dh ckgjh fofo/krk esa vUrfuZfgr ,dkRedk ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA fofo/krk jktuSfrd O;oLFkk esa Hkh jgh gksxh fdUrq lglzlkfCn;ksa ls ;g Hkkjro"kZ] vk;kZorZ ,dla/k lkaLd`frd jk"Vª jgk gSA Lokeh th us f'kdkxksa fnfXot; ls okilh ij iwjs Hkkjr esa blh jk"Vªokn dk tkxj.k fd;kA mUgksaus Li"V ?kks"k.kk dh fd dsoy vU/k ns[k ugha ikrs vkSj fof{kIr cqf) le> ugha ldrs fd ;g lks;k ns'k vc tkx mBk gSA vius iwoZ xkSjo dks izkIr djus ls bls vc dksbZ ugha jksd ldrkA mUgksaus fgUnwvksa dks lc Hksnksa ls mij mBdj viuh jk"Vªh; igpku ij xoZ djuk fl[kk;kA ykgkSj esa tc vk;Zlekt o lukruh mudk vyx vyx lEeku djuk pkgrs Fks rc mUgksaus Lohdkj ugha fd;kA ,d eap ij vk;Zlekt] lukru /keZ lHkk o fl[k lekt us mudk Lokxr fd;kA Lokeh foosdkuan us bl ckr dks dbZ ckj nksgjk;k Fkk fd Hkkjr ds iru dk dkj.k /keZ ugha gS] vfirq /keZ ds ekxZ ls nwj tkus ls gh Hkkjr dk iru gqvk gSA bfrgkl lk{kh gSA fd tc&tc ge vius /keZ dks Hkwy x;s rc rc gekjk iru gqvkA gj ckj /keZ ds tkxj.k ls gh uoksRFkku dh ygj pyhA 16

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2019

Lokehth ds le; /keZXykuh ds tks rhu iz[kj y{k.k Lokehth us ns[ks Fks os vkt Hkh deksos'k lekt esa oSls gh O;kIr fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;s y{k.k Fks & 1- tu lkekU; dk vuknj 2- ukjh 'kfDr dk vieku 3- 'kqHkdk;Z esa jr yksxksa esa vkilh bZ";kZ Lokehth dk ekuuk Fkk fd bu rhu leL;kvksa dk funku ugh Hkkjr ds mRFkku dk ,dek=k mik; gSA gkykafd bu rhuksa Lrjksa ij foy{k.k dk;Z xr 'krkCnh esas gqvk gSA lafo/kku o fof/kd lajpuk ds Lrj ij lkekU; tuksa o ukjh ds fy;s fofHkUu voljksa dk fuekZ.k Lora=k Hkkjr esa fd;k x;kA lekt ds bu ?kVdksa esa cM+h ek=kk tkxj.k Hkh ns[kus dks feyk gSA vkt Hkh vusd ihNM+sa {ks=kksa esa ge ugha igqqap ik;s gSa fQj Hkh iz;klksa esa de ugha gSA xfr o izxfr nksuksa gks jgh gSA bZ";kZ dks nwj dj laxfBr gksus dk izØe Hkh lekt ds Lrj ij rks cM+h ek=kk esa pyk gSA ge vius LrRo dks gh Hkwy x;s gSaA vesfjdk dh rjg gh Hkkjr dks Hkh vius vki ls iwNuk gksxkA ge gSa dkSu\ Hkkjrh; gksus dk vFkZ D;k gS\ vius Lo;a ds ,sfrgkfld vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij viuh [kkstA vius iwoZtksa ds /keZ o laLd`fr ds vk/kkj ij viuh jk"Vªh;rk dh [kkstA bl lcds fy;s vko';d gS /keZ tkxj.kA tcrd Hkkjr esa iqu% /keZ dks izfrf"Br ugha fd;k tk;sxk rc rd lkjs iz;kl v/kwjs gh gksaxsA Lokehth us bl uotkxj.k dk lq=kikr fd;k FkkA mUgksaus vkg~oku fd;k Fkk ;qokvksa dk fd mudh bl ;kstuk ij dk;Z djsaA vk'oklu Hkh fn;k Fkk fd tks muds dk;Z esa tqV tk;sxk os Lo;a da/ks ls da/kk yxkdj mldk lkFk nsaxsA vkt Hkh muds dk;Z dks viuk thouozr cukusokys ;qok bl lR; dk izR;{k vuqHko djrs gSaA ,d vuqie volj gekjs le{k gSA lkaiznkf;drk ij pksV % lkaiznkf;d dV~Vjrk vkSj blds Hk;kud oa'ktksa ds /kkfeZd gB us yacs le; ls bl [kwclwjr /kjrh dks tdM+ j[kk gSA mUgksaus bl /kjrh dks fgalk ls Hkj fn;k gS vkSj fdruh gh ckj ;g /kjrh [kwu ls yky gks pqdh gS u tkus fdruh lH;rk,a rckg gqbZ fdrus ns'k feVk fn, x, ;fn [kkSQukd jk{kl ugha gksrs rks ekuo lekt dgha T;knk csgrj gksrk ftruk dh vHkh gSaA /keZ laln esa foosdkuan iqjh nqfu;k ls gj rjg dh dV~Vjrk gB/kfeZd vkSj nq[kksa dk fouk'k djus dk vkg~oku djrs gSa fQj pkgs og fouk'k ryokj ls fd;k tk, vFkok dye lsA foosdkuan ds ,sls gh /kkfeZd fopkj dk lEeku djrs gq, lqHkk"k panz cksl mUgsa vk/kqfud Hkkjr dk fuekZrk dgrs gSa] ftl izdkj dh /keZ dh dYiuk foosdkuan us dhA ftlds ewy esa ekuo dy;k.k gks] ftlesa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dêjrk vkSj fgalk uk gks /keZ dk ogh Lo:Ik Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds /keZfujis{k Lo:Ik esa Hkh >ydrk gSA og gj izdkj dh lkaiznkf;drk vkSj dêjrk dk fojks/k djrs gSa ;gh mnkj vkSj 17

lfg".kq /keZ foosdkuan ds jk"Vªokn dk vk/kkj Hkh gSA ekStwnk le; esa lekt esa jk"Vªokn ds uke ij fofHkUu izdkj dh dêj /kkfeZd xfrfof/k;ka tkjh gSa] vyx&vyx izdkj ds laxBu bl dqfFkr jk"Vªokn ds fopkj dks iqf"ir iYyfor dj jgs gSa] ysfdu muesa ls vf/kdka'k laxBu ftl jk"Vªokn dh vo/kkj.kk dks vkxs ysdj vkrs gSa og vo/kkj.kk cgqla[;d lekt ds /kkfeZd fgrksa vkSj izrehdksa dks vkxs djds x<+h tkrh gS] ftlesa /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk dk rRo foyhu gksrk fn[krk gS og foijhr er ds /kekZoyafc;kssa dks lqj{kk dk Hkko uk nsdj ,d vKkr Hk; ls Hkj nsrk gSSA iwoZ v/;;uksa dh leh{kk % pUnzk] foihu ¼1993½ }kjk fyf[kr iqLrd ^^,Lls vkWu bf.M;u us'kufyTe** esa dguk gS fd Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn dk tUe Lokeh foosdkuan ds }kjk gh gqvk gSA mudh igyh f'kdkxksa esa dh xbZ igyh vfHkO;fDr esa gh Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa gh ,oa jk"Vªokn dk Li"V >yd fn[kykbZ iM+rk gSA Lokeh th dk dguk Fkk fd jk"Vªizse lPps ns'k HkDrksa ds fy, loksZifj gSA o{kh] ,l0,l0 ,oa 'kekZ] ds0lh0 ¼2007½ }kjk vuqokfnr iqLrd ^^bu lkbDyksfifM;k vkWQ bf.M;u us'kufyTe** esa dguk gS fd Lokeh foosdkuan Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn ds vxz.kh fpard FksA mudk jk"Vªokn Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh ewy vo/kkj.kkvksa ls lacaf/kr gSA mudk dguk Fkk fd jk"Vªizse ds fcuk thou v/kwjk gSA flag] fojsUnz dqekj ¼2011½ }kjk fyf[kr iqLrd ^^bulkbDyksihfM;k vkWQ bf.M;u ÝhMe QkbV~lZ** esa dguk gS fd Lokeh foosdkuan ds fparu dk Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn vc iw.kZ :i ls Hkkjr esa ugha jg x;k gSA Lokeh th ds fparu dk jk"Vªokn fo'o izse ij vk/kkfjr gSA vkt {ksf=k; ny ,oa {ksf=k; jktuhfrd ds dkj.k jk"Vªokn dh vo/kkj.kk ij vk?kkr igq¡pk gSA ljdkj] lqfer ¼1983½ }kjk fyf[kr iqLrd ^^ekWMuZ bf.M;k 1885&1947** esa dguk gS fd Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn dk tUe Lokehth ds f'kdkxksa vfHkO;fDr dk ,d Li"V mnkgj.k gSA lHkh /keksZa dks lkFk ysdj pyus dh vo/kkj.kk Lokeh foosdkuan ds jk"Vªokn esa fufgr gSA v/;;u dk mís'; % Lokeh foosdkuan vkSj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn ls lacaf/kr 'kks/k vkys[k dk mís'; fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gS %& Ÿ bl v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij Lokeh foosdkuan ds jk"Vªoknh

fparuksa dk rF;ijd fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA Ÿ oÙkZeku v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij Lokeh foosdkuan ds

jk"Vªoknh fopkj/kkjk dk orZeku le; esa izklafxdrk dk vUos"ku fd;k x;k gSA International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2019

v/;;u i)fr % ;g 'kks/k vkys[k eq[; :i ls o.kZu ,oa fo'ys"k.kkRed ,oa ,sfrgkfld vkykspukRed v/;;u i)fr ij vk/kkfjr gSA oÙkZeku v/;;u Lokeh foosdkuan vkSj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn ds fofo/k i{kksa ds vUos"k.k ls lacaf/kr gS vr% ;g 'kks/k vkys[k eq[; :i ls }Sfr;d lzksr ij vk/kkfjr gSA bl v/;;u ds fy, ewy v/;;u lzksr rRdkyhu i=k&if=kdkvksa ,oa nLrkost rFkk fofHkUu vkpk;ksZa }kjk lEikfnr iqLrdksa }kjk fy;k gSA fu"d"kZ % bl izdkj jk"Vªokn ds uke ij ftl izdkj dh /kkfeZd vo/kkj.kkvksa dks vkt vkxs fd;k tk jgk gSA /kkfeZd vk/kkj ij ekWc fyafpax dh ?kVuk,a gks jgh gSa ftldh ijkdk"Bk us dkuwu ds 'kklu ds le{k pqukSfr;ksa is'k dj nh gS etcwju ftl ij loksZPp U;k;ky; dks gLr{ksi djuk iM+ jgk gS ,slk djuk fdlh jk"Vªh; 'keZ ls de ugha gSA jk"Vªokn ds uke ij ,slh xfrfof/k;ka fuf'pr :Ik ls foosdkuan ds cgq&lkaLd`frd vkSj lfg".kq jk"Vªokn ij pksV djrs izrhr gksrh gSA ;gh vkt ds le; dh lcls cM+h pqukSrh Hkh gSA f'kdkxks /keZ lEesyu esa foosdkuan }kjk /keZ ds ftu ewy rRo dks js[kkafdr fd;k] ;fn vkt gesa mUgsa le>usa yxs rks /keZ ds vk/kkj ij jk"Vª ds le{k mifLFkr le{kk leLr [krjs Lor% lekIr gks tk,axs vkSj bl izdkj dh le> dk fodflr gksuk gh foosdkuan dks lPph J)katfy gksxhA ,sls lkfRod vkSj fo'o ca/kqRo dh Hkkouk okys Lokeh foosdkuan th dk uke tSls gh tgu esa vkrk gS eu esa muds izfr J)k dh vuqHkwfr gksrh gSA Hkkjr ds uSfrd ewY;ksa dks fo'o ds dksus dksus esa igqapkus okys Lokeh foosdkuan th ds jk"Vªh; fopkj gekjs vanj ns'kizse dh Hkkouk dk lapkj djrs gSaA lnHkZ lzksr % 1. Chandra, Bipin (1993) Essays on Indian Nationalism, Har Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Bakshi, S.R. and Sharma, K.C. (ed.) (2007) Encyclopedia of Indian Nationalism, Vol. IX, Vista International Publishing House, New Delhi.

3. Singh, Birendra Kumar (2011) Encyclopedia of Indian Freedom Fighters, Vol. VIII, Centrum Press, New Delhi.

4. Sarkar, Sumit (1983) Modern India 1885-1947, Mac Millan India Press, Madras.

5. Rathod, P.B (2005) Modern Indian Political Thinkers, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Sharma, L .P (1996) Indian National Movement, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Educational Publishers, Agra.

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