08062021 WEEKEND

Friday, August 6, 2021

community interview

gardening history art food puzzles

Weekend

Legacy crafting Page 08+09

Guava sensation Wendy Higgs reinvents the doughnut

pg 07

02| The Tribune | Weekend

Friday, August 6, 2021

community

Top florist says ‘everything finally coming up roses’ As the COVID-19 pandemic tightened its grip on an increasingly anxious nation, local florist Jim Whitehead worried that “saying it with flowers” might be subject to its own restrictions, silencing and shuttering his Dowdeswell Street flower business.

“When COVID-19 broke out in March last year, I was worried like everyone else, especially with the lockdowns, but I thought everything would be back to normal in about six months – likely September or thereabouts,” he said the owner of The Nassau Florist.

But it wasn’t over and wanting to make sure his staff had money each week, and to protect the bank account to keep them in business, he reduced working hours by 65 percent.

“I had seven staff then and still do,” said Jim. “I managed to keep us all going. Henry, the delivery driver, came in every day and the other six staff members took it in turns to came in three or four days a week. It was better than just closing, which was a possibility, because often, with no sales at all and a supply shortage, it seemed at times likely. Thankfully, we managed to stay the course, albeit with a bit of private funding, and this year there is a distinct improvement,” he said.

Mr Whitehead said it was their regulars who kept them afloat and who have boosted sales since the beginning of this year.

“One of our primary regulars who kept us afloat and who continues to contribute to our success is Sandals Emerald Bay, Exuma. They advertise themselves as providing exotic luxury and consequently need only the very best florals and arrangements.

The same applies to the high-end marinas and many super yachts we service year-round. This also goes without saying of course for our regulars at Lyford, many of whom who have been my customers for over 20 years,” said Mr Whitehead.

The Nassau Florist is in its 70th year. It was established in 1951 as

‘The House of Flowers’ by Stella Amoury. MrWhitehead has been the owner for 26 years.

He said it’s in these trying times that a business’s brand and operational reputation are tested.

“I’ve been here for 26 years, so people know me, trust me, and know my work is always appropriate for the occasion. I’ve established customer loyalty and a noteworthy, enduring brand with a reputation for beauty and excellence in all matters floral. We have fresh flowers and décor trees and plants,” he said.

Mr Whitehead said that as much as they appreciated their blue-chip clients, the personalised service and interaction they have with their Bahamian clientele is always heartwarming and rewarding.

“We have a good local Bahamian following; Bahamians love flowers and love gifting them. And what is nice is that they come into the shop, and we enjoy the interaction.

They take pleasure in selecting the flowers they want to give to a loved one and will often stay and watch us make up baskets or bouquets.

It’s nice for us, it’s satisfying.”

Bahamian weddings, too, are always a cause for excitement and a flurry of activity, but their numbers have been somewhat reduced currently in favour of micro weddings to fit the pandemic safety protocols.

Mr Whitehead said he is very grateful he is still open for business and hopes from here on in things will steadily pick up to his prepandemic business level.

“Honestly, at times it was scary.

I wasn’t sure I’d be able to keep all my staff, but we made it! So far, so good. I’m feeling very optimistic for the future and looking forward to building our sales to a pre-pandemic profitable level,” he said.

Jim Whitehead is a member of the Bahamas Bridal Association and works with professional and community associations and the Ministry of Tourism. Further information is available at www. thenassauflorist.com.

The Tribune | Weekend | 03

Friday, August 6, 2021

Weekend Inside

Interview 4 – 5

Jannell Smith and the Kiwanis Club of Central Abaco are leading the charge to replant Abaco with fruit trees

Puzzles 6 Food 7

Art 8-9, 11

Three generations of women have come together to bring traditional handcrafts into the 21st century, plus an exhibit to challenge traditional standards

Beauty 10

Local technician shares how to care for acrylic nails

Literary Lives 12 – 13

The story of the boy who took flight but never quite grew up The original ‘Bahamians’ - Tainos or Lucayans?

Animals 15

Meet the pack, plus Pet of the Week

Gardening 16

The best ground covers for your yard

Cover – Photo of Wendy Higgs

by Racardo Thomas

jgibson@tribunemedia.net

COMEDIAN Jaquay “Das Quay” Adderley, who is best known for his quirky role in the show “Broke Bosses” and his humorous skits on social media, is doing his part to give back and support local businesses this month.

Assistant professor, University of The Bahamas Q: Beach or sofa?

“The beach, all day, every day!

It’s the perfect place to relax on a lazy summer afternoon.”

Q: What will you be binge-watching? “‘The White Lotus’. I can’t wait to start my streaming marathon. I’ve heard good things.”

Forgotten Facts 14

By JEFFARAH GIBSON Tribune Features Reporter

Shaniqua Higgs-Bodie

Q: Rum, wine, Kalik or a cocktail?

“Definitely a cocktail.

My go-to drink is Disaronno with cranberry.

If I am having an ‘I don’t care about the calories’ kind of day, then I blend Disaronno with Bailey’s and really make my own day.”

Bahamian deli cook creates a guava doughnut sensation

Popular comedian puts small business in the spotlight

My Perfect Bahamian Weekend

04-05

The comedian has launched “Das Quay 30 Days of Deals Campaign” in an effort to show support for Bahamian small businesses who may be experiencing difficulties during this time.

The partnership involves giving deals and discounts to customers who are following the comedian on his social media platforms.

This, he explained, helps create a greater awareness of small businesses, putting them directly in front of potential customers while also offering his followers an incentive to shop because they receive a discount.

“Each day, virtual coupons will be posted highlighting specific businesses and their deals for that day. It is up to the general public to screenshot those coupons, inbox or go to the attached business and redeem.

Businesses will be highlighted, traction will increase, traffic will be in the door, safely of course, and money will be saved,” he told Tribune Weekend.

Q: If you could be quarantined with a celebrity who would it be?

“Odell Beckham Jr, for all the right reasons. If I have to be

“Not only does the small business get a free post and mention on my social media hubs, but the general public can save dollars on products or services, or even receive free products or services if they are lucky, depending on the offer.”

While Jaquay is a comedian by profession, in is heart he is a philanthropist.

“Personally, I love and appreciate small businesses. The hard work, hustle and passion that goes into them. I’ve also worked with a lot of small and large businesses over the past few years and one thing that excites me is when small businesses experience small victories. Whether through brand expansion, selling out on products, simply getting started from scratch and even being able to take care of themselves during these tough times. Now I know every business wants, needs advertisement, and every consumer loves deals and discounts. This is where the party gets started,” he said.

confined to a particular space, I at least need a beautiful view.”

Q: If you could take a COVID- 19 free trip, where would it be and why?

“My husband and I fell in love with Vancouver on our first trip there a few years ago and I’d jump at the chance to visit again. I absolutely love this beautiful island and its friendly people. While there, I’d drive to Whistler just to take in the breathtaking scenery along the drive.

Perfect summer trip.”

04 | The Tribune | Weekend

Friday, August 6, 2021

interview

Project Rise The saying goes, ‘plant a tree, save the planet’. And the Kiwanis Club of Central Abaco is doing just that as they work to restore their little part of the world after the devastation of Hurricane Dorian. Club President Jannell Smith tells Cara Hunt how a new project to plant fruit trees will also help provide families in need with a source of healthy food.

JANNELL SMITH

It has been three years since Hurricane Dorian slammed into the islands of Abaco and Grand Bahama, destroying much of the vegetation on those islands.

But the Kiwanis Club of Central Abaco is hoping to change that by planting one tree at a time.

Jannell Smith, the club’s president, told Tribune Weekend they were inspired to implement the project because they know Dorian’s destruction will have detrimental effects on the island for years to come.

Unlike many of the rebuilding efforts where some of the work is immediate, she knows it will take years to rebuild the natural vegetation.

Jannell as, fate would have it, was not actually on Abaco when Dorian hit. She had been working on the island as a teacher, but was back home on New Providence when the storm ravaged Abaco.

Growing up in Nassau, she had lots of fruit trees in her own garden and knew the benefits of having lots of lush vegetation.

Seeing the photos and hearing the first-hand reports of the destruction left in the wake of Dorian compelled her and the entire Kiwanis team to do what they could for the island.

The group launched ‘Project Rise’ last November as a way to address the problem and empower residents to be able to sustain themselves, regardless of their financial circumstances.

“For Project Rise, the Kiwanis Club of Central Abaco is growing fruit and planting them all around Abaco to replace the trees that were destroyed

The Tribune | Weekend | 05

Friday, August 6, 2021

Tamarind and loquat sprouting.

Jannell Smith (centre) with farmer Don Lockhart (right) and Kiwanis member Petera.

“Can you imagine what it is to live in the Bahamas and not be able to get a mango or a dilly to eat off a tree because there is nothing left?”

during Hurricane Dorian,” said Jannell.

“On the other islands, where persons have seedling fruit trees growing under their big fruit trees, the club is asking for those trees to be donated to their Project Rise. One man’s trash is indeed another man’s treasure.”

So why is this project so important for Abaco?

“It’s important to us because the trees that were uprooted and destroyed, they just won’t grow back overnight. It will take years and years before they can mature and bear fruit, and so we knew that if we want Abaco to rebuild again, we would have to help Mother Nature out so that we can have fruit trees in the future,” she said.

Abaco has been in a distressed state since the storm’s passing.

“A lot of people were in survival mode,” said Jannell.

“People were literally starving. Those trees which were destroyed are a source of food. Can you imagine what it is to live in the Bahamas and not be able to get a mango or a dilly to eat off a

tree because there is nothing left? And of course, things are already so expensive on the island that having to buy all your fruits and vegetables is just way too expensive and sometimes the quality is not there,” she said.

Since the project started, the team has made tremendous strides. They planted Kiwanis Patch gardens and worked to place trees for schools and homes throughout the island.

“For our first phrase, we intended to give at least four fruit trees to every school in Abaco. If all the children in Abaco have access to fruit, then their families will as well,” she said.

Some of the schools they have managed to supply trees to include Crossing Rocks Primary School, Cherokee Primary School, James A Pinder Primary School.

“We also donated plants. It will also teach students how to farm and become self-sufficient and love nature and feel that there is hope. There are so many benefits.

We have officially completed all of the schools in North and South Abaco. Phase one is almost

done,” said Jannell.

“In Central Abaco we have established a propagation centre where our adult and our SLP (Service Leadership Programmes) members are working together to cultivate more fruit trees.”

Through Project Rise, they have planted hundreds of trees, including sea grape, mango, lime and coconut trees.

Some of the group’s sponsors include Dr Leno Davis; Don Lockhart, a Bahamian farmer who has donated organic fertilizer for the project; the Kiwanis Club of Richmond County; the 100K Tree Initiative, and the Ministry of Agriculture in Abaco led by Josefina Adderley-Curry, as well as The Trees That Feed Foundation.

In addition to the school initiative, the club also wants to ensure that the local parks and public spaces have flowering trees.

“We would like to plant at least tree in the yard of everyone who wants one,” said Jannell.

Anyone interested in donating to the project, whether it be in the form of seedlings, clippings, soil, pots, flowering or fruit trees, is encouraged to contact the organisation.

Kiwanis and its family of clubs - nearly 600,000 members strong - annually raise more than $100 million and dedicate more than 18 million volunteer hours to strengthen communities and serve children.

Members of every age attend regular meetings, experience fellowship, raise funds for various causes and participate in service projects that help their communities. Members also make an impact throughout the world by participating in Kiwanis International’s Global Campaign for Children.

STReTCHeS

06 | The Tribune | Weekend

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The Tribune | Weekend | 07

Friday, August 6, 2021

food WENDY Higgs and, left, her guava concoction.

Photos: Racardo Thomas/Tribune Staff

Guava doughnut makes a splash at Marina Village

By ALESHA CADET Tribune Features Reporter acadet@tribunemedia.net

MURRAY’S Deli is a classic New York-style delicatessen that offers both visitors and locals alike a wideranging menu that can be enjoyed during breakfast, lunch or dinner.

With all-day breakfast items and a variety of vegetarian options, there’s something for everyone, but the latest bestseller is something truly special: a guava doughnut made by Bahamian Wendy Higgs.

“I’m currently a cook as part of the Murray’s team and I love making doughnuts. So far, I’ve introduced a guava doughnut which is doing quite well. Management have decided to call it the ‘Wendy’s Donut’,” she told Tribune Weekend.

We all know and love guava duff, but just how did Wendy come up with the idea for a guava doughnut?

“There was a can of guava on the shelf, and I thought to myself, let’s make some guava duff sauce to place on a doughnut; something different and unique. The Wendy’s guava doughnut is now my favourite

because it is my creation, and I am honoured,” she said.

The uniquely Bahamian treat has been a great success and customers tell Wendy they don’t mind cheating on their diets just so they can have a taste.

“It has been positive both from guests, locals and employees. People love the unique taste. It makes me feel proud that I created the Wendy’s guava doughnut, and it is a hit.

It motivates me to continue thinking outside of the box and to create and invent new ideas. I nailed it,” she said.

Wendy started her career at the Atlantis resort as a buffet attendant. Then, soon after, she became a pantry worker at the Sea Grapes Restaurant. She was later promoted to a cooking position.

“I developed my love for cooking from my mother, as she encouraged me to work alongside her in the kitchen at a young age. We would make corned beef and rice, steamed chicken and other Bahamian dishes.

I would peel potatoes, cassava and guava for my grandmother when she baked potato bread and duff.

I realised that I would like to cook, so I expressed my desire to my manager, and when the opportunity arose, I was promoted to a cook,” she said.

“I’ve been a cook for the past 14 years. I enjoy working in Murray’s.

I’m diverse in all stations and take pride in my work. My managers recognised my dedication and passion, and at times call on me to supervise the line when they have to step away.

I also work the grab and go counter where I develop my relationship with customers face-to-face; it is the aspect of my job that I enjoy the most.”

And Wendy does not shy away from going above and beyond when it comes to her customers.

“My most memorable client experience so far is one particular guest, Lynn St Denis. She requested a

sold-out item while I was working at the counter. I asked if she could give me a few minutes and I went and arranged for her the requested item.

She was blown away by the service and because of this she visited Murray’s Deli every day during her stay.

We talked and got to know each other exchanged numbers before she left and now, we stay in touch,” she said.

Wendy, who is grateful to her mother Edna Forbes and grandmother Ethlyn Duncombe for making her the woman she is today, said she would like to one day open her own food business.

In the meantime, however, she said patrons of Murray’s Deli can look forward to more local doughnut flavours such as tamarind, soursop and sea grapes - all coming soon.

10 | The Tribune | Weekend

Friday, August 6, 2021

beauty

Caring for your acrylic nails

By JEFFARAH GIBSON | Tribune Features Writer | jgibson@tribunemedia.net THANKS to celebrities like Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion, who always get photographed showing off extra-long acrylic nails, this popular style isn’t going anywhere, at least not any time soon.

Long nails are a highly requested service that local clients request of nail technician and artist Jordan Rolle as well.

And she welcomes the requests, as she enjoys the ability to exercise her artistic talents on her clients.

Jordan has been pursuing her passion for seven years. Over time, she has designed some intriguing and out-there styles.

“What I love most is about being a nail artist is the fact that God blesses

me every day to get up and be creative, and the opportunity to meet new people every day, along with the personal satisfaction that comes with making my clients feel happy and confident,” she said.

Day in and day out, women sit in her chair to have their nails designed.

They request all sorts of unique styles - stiletto, almondshaped, square and coffin.

What she has seen most, however, are the extra-long nails.

And while they may look like a hazard to daily living, she said they are definitely not.

“I don’t think wearing long nails can be life-threatening or harmful. But you must pay attention to what you do while they are on. Be very careful with what you touch or try to lift.

Visit your nail technician in the time provided for your fillings to alleviate any pressure on your natural nails and reduce the risk of fungal or bacterial infections,” she said.

Many women who wear acrylic nails sometimes do so at the expense of their natural nails, she added; they do not take care of them as they should. Once in her chair, Jordan said she does her best to educate and encourage women to take good care of their natural nails.

This is especially important for women who tend to wear acrylic nails often.

While they can be beautiful, Jordan said some women neglect to take care of them.

“I do feel a lot of women neglect their natural nails. A full set of acrylics can last anywhere from four to six weeks. But you’ll need to visit your nail technician every two to three weeks to fill in growth. It’s important to take a break every three to six months,” she said.

Taking a break from wearing acrylics gives nails a chance to strengthen and rejuvenate.

“Acrylics can be harmful in quite a few ways. Some persons can be allergic to the chemicals used to apply acrylics, damage to your acrylics can lead bacterial or fungal infections,” warned Jordan.

“Please refrain from banging your acrylics on anything. This can cause you to dislodge your natural nails from the bed, leading to infections such as germs, yeast or fungus.

Acrylics, Jordan explained, can also weaken natural nail beds without proper removal.

“The correct way to removing acrylic nails is to soak them off, with the use of 100 percent acetone,” she said.

Some signs that something could be wrong with your nails include discolouration (green, yellow, or white or dark streaks), nails that are brittle, thin or parched, changes in shape, dry or irritated skin around the nails.

The best way to prevent these things from happening is to always practice proper hygiene and care.

This means always keeping one’s nails clean, dry, moisturised, trimming them regularly, avoid using harsh polishes and being gentle on natural nails.

For more information on Jordan Rolle, contact 242-468-9013.

The Tribune | Weekend | 11

Friday, August 6, 2021

art

Challenging traditional standards In response to a new two-person exhibition entitled ‘Life’s Balance’ now open at The Brighton Storeroom, in St George, Barbados, the well-known Bahamian artist JOHN COX writes about his and his fellow exhibiting artist Tessa Whitehead’s practices.

YEARS ago, I recall a conversation I had with a faculty member at the University of the Bahamas. He was an Anglican priest as well as a professor in the School of Social Science. He explained to me the reason the parishioners processed counter-clockwise while preparing for communion was to pay tribute to the ancestors. This simple yet deliberate gesture during the mass had a specific meaning that no one would ever know without asking or being told.

It’s these little moments within traditional customs that reveal so much.

I was never good at school or anything that people who were taken seriously were good at. I always needed alternative ways to see and process information and ideas. I remember being terrified in high school that I would fail every test I took and subsequently be labelled lazy or not intelligent. I took US history and was mortified by the volume of content I needed to digest. Not being strong reader, I countered by listening very attentively to discussions in class and took more notes than anyone. So much so that my instructor ended up grading my notebooks instead of my exams. He mentioned that I had paid more attention to his lectures than most and that had to count for something.

Thirty years later I see myself relating to my environment not unlike how I remember relating to that US history class. At times overwhelmed and intimidated by the complexity of what is going on around me I still navigate things by paying close attention, listening and taking notes. I feel like both Tessa (Whitehead) and I in many respects see value in keen observation of our surroundings. Our practices overlap in the sense we both produce work as a form of note taking - a kind of exploring and reflecting at the same time.

The art world is filled with so many standards of tradition, perfection and excellence.

So much so we can find ourselves erased from the notion ‘perfection’ where the ‘ideal’ replaces the personality. How we know we were here is marked by how we respond to these standards and expectations. It is our flaws that define us, free us and ultimately save us.

Tessa’s exploration of her history, environments and tendencies is one that both abandons the ideas of perfection while simultaneously achieving it. Her work, like few others in the region, screams of raw experience, FALLING Figure/ colour, texture, tension, stories from the fight and commentary while paying series (2015) by little attention - at least on John Cox the surface - to any of these things. Her mastery of composition and intuitive gestures suggest a playfulness on top but possess a much deeper commentary on Caribbean life and where she fits and contributes into it significantly lingers in her work. Her work invites/encourages you to take notes on what otherwise would be overwhelming complex.

My work looks at history through the lens of this environment in broad and simple terms. I never feel validated by curators or academics, but do think for some, the contributions I’ve made offer a window into an honest human experience. An experience that might allow for one to insert oneself into the make-believe narratives of balance, service and perseverance that my work investigates. Like Tessa, I think we both place value on memory and our own unique experiences to find traction and context within a broader cultural conversation.

Narratives and symbols are borrowed from knowledge both observed and told to us.

It is our flaws and imperfections that enable us to find meaning in our own histories and experiences. Like the meaning in the counter-clockwise procession in the Anglican mass so do we find religion in falling figures and leafy bushes.

• Tessa Whitehead John Cox: Life’s Balance is open now and runs until the end of August 2021.

US and All of Us II (2019) by Tessa Whitehead

12 | The Tribune | Weekend

Friday, August 6, 2021

literary lives - J M Barrie (1860 - 1937)

The boy who took flight but never quite grew up Sir Christopher Ondaatje writes about the life of the Scottish novelist and playwright who is best remembered as the creator of Peter Pan. He also wrote a number of successful novels and plays.

“The Life of every man is a diary in which he means to write one story, and writes another; and his humblest hour is when he compares the volume as it is with what he vowed to make it.”

- J M Barrie James Matthew Barrie was born in Kirriemuir, Scotland, on May 9, 1860. His father, David Barrie, was a successful weaver. His mother was a devout Presbyterian. Barrie was the ninth child of ten (two of whom died before he was born). He was a small child and drew attention to himself with storytelling.

He grew to only 5 feet 3½ inches. When he was six years old he was shocked by the horrific death of his older brother David in an ice-skating accident – a day before his fourteenth birthday (He was hit by a fellow ice-skater, fell, and cracked his skull).

Barrie tried to fill David’s place in his devastated mother’s attentions – even wearing his clothes and whistling in the same way.

Barrie and his mother entertained each other with stories of her childhood and books like Robinson Crusoe and The Pilgrim’s Progress. Many years later he composed an intimate portrait of her in his bionovel Margaret Ogilvy (1896), published a year after she died. He never forgot his childhood and perhaps never grew up.

When he was eight years old, he was sent to Glasgow Academy where his two eldest siblings, Alexander and Mary Ann, taught. Two years later he returned home and continued his education at the Forfar Academy. When he was fourteen, he left home again for Dumfries Academy – again watched carefully by his elder brother and sister. He was a clever pupil and became a voracious reader. At Dumfries he and his friends played a pirate game that eventually became the play Peter Pan. He produced a play, Bandelero the Bandit, which was denounced by a clergyman on the school’s board because of its immoral overtones. He went on to the University of

JM Barrie and, right, an illustration by Gerald Scarfe of the author.

Edinburgh, studying literature and writing reviews for the Edinburgh Evening Courant. He graduated on April 21, 1882, with an MA. Determined to follow a career as an author, and with some advice from his elder sister, he worked for eighteen months as a journalist on the Nottingham Journal. When he got back to Kirriemuir, he sent a piece to the St James Gazette, a London newspaper, using his mother’s stories about the town where she grew up – renamed “Thrums”. The editor of the Gazette liked his Scottish reminiscences and he commissioned Barrie to write a series. They eventually served as the basis for his novel novels: Auld Licht Idylls (1888), A Window in Thrums (1889), My Lady Nicotine (1890), and The Little Minister (1891).

“Auld Lichts” was a strict religious sect to which his grandfather had once belonged. These early stories were popular enough among English readers to establish Barrie as a successful writer. He moved to London in 1885. He had previously published Better

The Tribune | Weekend | 13

Friday, August 6, 2021 Dead (1888) privately at his own expense, but it didn’t sell.

Barrie now turned his attention to the theatre – and to marriage. He asked his friend Jerome K Jerome (Three Men in a Boat, 1889) to introduce him to a pretty actress to play a role in his play Walker, London. The actress was Mary Ansell, and they became friends. She cared for him when he fell very ill in 1893 and 1894. They married in Kirriemuir on July 9, 1894, soon after Barrie recovered.

“The Barries’ marriage proved childless and wretched and manifestly embittered his later fiction.

The couple divorced in 1909. It is suggested that he was impotent, although this did not come up in the proceedings, the grounds being her adultery. The balance of biographical opinion is that if there was a sexual relationship between the couple it was not passionate.

- John Sutherland Lives of the Novelists (2011) In 1895, the Barries bought a house on Gloucester Road in South Kensington, and in 1900 moved into 100 Bayswater Road, overlooking Kensington Gardens where Barrie would take long walks. Mary also found Black Lake Cottage at Farnham in Surrey which became their “bolt hole”, and where they entertained his cricketing friends and the Llewelyn Davies family, who would play an important role in Barrie’s literary and personal life.

In mid-1908, Mary had an affair with Gilbert Cannan – a man twenty years younger than she was.

Barrie learned of the relationship in July 1909 and demanded that she end it. She refused. Eager to avoid the scandal of divorce, he offered a legal separation if she would agree not to see Cannan anymore.

Again, she refused. Barrie sued for divorce on the grounds of infidelity – which was granted in October 1909. Barrie continued to support Mary financially even after she married Cannan, giving her an annual allowance – handed over at a private dinner held on her and Barrie’s wedding anniversary.

“Barrie’s maturity as a novelist came with the linked bildungsroman ‘Sentimental Tommy’ (1896) and ‘Tommy and Grizel’ (1900), which chronicle the progress of a Thrums lad, Tommy Sandys. The first volume deals with Tommy’s early days in workingclass London and his return, tail between his legs, to Scotland. The second volume describes his return to London and a tragic end – defeated by cosmopolitan corruption.”

- John Sutherland Lives of the Novelists (2011) Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Barrie gave up writing fiction to concentrate on the more lucrative London and New York stages. Ibsen’s Ghost, or Toole Up-to-Date (1891) appeared at Toole’s Theatre in London; Walker, London appeared in 1892 with Mary Ansell. His dramatic adaptation of The Little Minister would earn him £90,000 in box office receipts – a huge amount at the time. In 1901 and 1902, he had back-to-back successes with Quality Street and The Admirable Crichton. Max Beerbohm said that it was “quite the best thing that has happened, in my time, to the British theatre”.

The character of Peter Pan, which first appeared in The Little White Bird” (1902), published by Hodder & Stoughton in the UK, was serialised by Scribner’s Magazine in the US in the same year. It was Barrie’s

Jack, and that their little brother Peter could fly.

He claimed that babies were birds before they were born, and that parents put bars on nursery windows to keep baby children from flying away.

“The moment you doubt whether you can fly, you cease for ever to be able to do it.”

- J M Barrie

Peter Pan’s real ‘Lost Boys’; the Davies brothers - Nico (in father Arthur’s arms), Jack, Peter, George, Michael (in front). most famous and enduring work.

Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn’t Grow Up had its first stage performance on December 27, 1904, at the Duke of York’s Theatre. The production dwarfed all his other considerable earnings. It was extended into a novel, Peter and Wendy, in 1906, and further extended fictionally as Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens in 1911. Barrie gave the copyright of the Peter Pan works to the Great Ormond Street Hospital for children – a copyright which still yields a considerable income for the hospital – thanks to a special Act of Parliament.

“What is genius? It is the power to be a boy again at will.”

- J M Barrie Barrie had many other successes after Peter Pan. As in his own situation, The Twelve Pound Look (1910) concerns a wife who leaves her husband when she learns that she can gain an independent income.

Dear Brutus (1917) and Mary Rose revisit the idea of the ageless child.

The expanded version of Peter and Wendy (1906) was dedicated “To Sylvia and Arthur Llewelyn Davies and their boys”. Barrie met the Davies family in 1897 during one of his many walks in Kensington Gardens. He met George, John and Peter, with their nurse Mary Hodgson. He walked his massive Saint Bernard dog, Porthos, in the Park and entertained the boys often with his stories and his ability to wiggle his ears and eyebrows. He met their mother, Sylvia (George du Maurier’s daughter), at a chance meeting at a dinner party in London in December 1897. He became a regular visitor at the Davies household and met the two younger brothers Michael and Nicholas, and their father Arthur. He became a constant companion to Sylvia and her boys, despite the fact that both he and she were married to other people.

The secret of happiness is not in doing what one likes but in liking what one does.”

- J M Barrie Barrie invited the Davies family down to Black Lake Cottage, where he produced an album of captioned photographs of their boys acting out a pirate adventure entitled The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island. One of the two only copies made of this album is still held at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. Barrie explained that the actual character of Peter Pan was invented to amuse the two eldest sons, George and

He later told the boys that he had made Peter by rubbing the five of them violently together as savages with two sticks to produce a flame.

Arthur Llewelyn Davies died in 1907, prematurely, and Barrie became even more involved with the Davies family, providing financial support for them.

Sylvia died three years later in 1910, specifying that Barrie be a trustee and guardian to the boys. Barrie adopted the boys a year later. He served, together with Mary Hodgson – the boys’ nurse – as a surrogate parent until the children grew up.

Barrie had friendships with other children. He lived in a youthful fantasy world of his own creation, but there was speculation that he was a paedophile.

Some of this speculation was as a result of Barrie’s own writing in The Little White Bird where the protagonist helps a small boy undress for bed and at the boy’s request they sleep in the same bed. However, there was absolutely no evidence that Barrie had any sexual contact ever with the Davis children, whose futures were branded with tragedy. George died in 1915 in the First World War at age 21; Michael drowned at Oxford along with a friend in 1921. Peter, the eldest, threw himself under a train in 1960.

Nicholas, the youngest of the brothers, confirmed when he was an adult that Barrie never behaved inappropriately, stating “He was an innocent – which is why he could write Peter Pan.” “Dreams do come true, if only we wish hard enough. You can have anything in life if you will sacrifice everything else for it.”

- J M Barrie Barrie’s relationship with the Davies boys continued well beyond their childhood and adolescence.

Barrie’s last years were festooned with public honours. He was created a baronet in 1913 and given the Order of Merit in 1922. He was elected Chancellor of Edinburgh University in 1930.

“To die will be an awfully big adventure.”

- J M Barrie J M Barrie died of pneumonia in a nursing home in Marylebone, London, on June 19, 1937. As he requested, he was buried in Kirriemuir next to his parents and two of his siblings. He left the bulk of his estate to his secretary Cynthia Asquith – all except the rights to all the Peter Pan works, including The Little White Bird, Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, the play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Would Not Grow Up, and the novel Peter and Wendy, whose copyright he had already given to Great Ormond Street Hospital in London.

• Sir Christopher Ondaatje is the author of The Last Colonial. He acknowledges that he has quoted liberally from Wikipedia; J M Barrie & the Lost Boys (1979) by Andrew Birkin; Hide-and-Seek with Angels – A Life of J M Barrie (2005) by Lisa Chaney; and Lives of the Novelists (2011) by John Sutherland.

14 | The Tribune | Weekend

Friday, August 6, 2021

history

Tainos or Lucayans - who were the original Bahamians?

I HAVE just enjoyed re-reading Tellis A Bethel Sr’s 2015 book The Lucayan Sea - Birthplace of the Modern Americas. What a story it tells!

The author puts forth a convincing case for naming the seas around the Bahama chain of islands (Turks and Caicos and Bahamas). Like the English Channel and the Irish Sea, we deserve our Lucayan FORGOTTEN Sea, and I thank the author for floating the idea but, today I will concentrate on his chapters 3 – “What’s in a Name?” and 4 – “Lucayan Ancestry”.

Bethel wrote that, “from the early 1500s, the Spanish referred to the islands of the Bahama chain as ‘Las Islas de los Lucayos’… this name was also used by the Dominican Friar Bartolomé de

Las Casas, in his book ‘La Historia de las Indias’.”

I grew up thinking that the original inhabitants of the Bahamas were the Lucayans, which I still do, but when my friend, John Doherty, named his Freeport-based air-taxi service Taino Air, it was explained that the Tainos were our first settlers.

Similarly, name of the name of the man-made Kelly FACTS Island was changed to Arawak Cay, ‘after the original Bahamians’.

Somewhat confused or confusing, but so it is, and Bethel gives an understandable explanation: “The Tainos were ancestors of the Lucayans…Some scholars suggest that the word Lucayan originated from the Taino words Lukku Kairi (“people of the islands”), or the Arawakan words Lukkuno Kairi.”

Columbus’ first landfall was on a small island that the inhabitants called Guanahani, but the great explorer christened it San Salvador, by which name the island is still known. For some years, however, it was known as Watling’s Island, but by whatever name, it was the birthplace of today’s Americas.

“The Lucayans were part of the Arawakan language family…descended from Tainos of Hispaniola and Cuba…the name Arawak was first used … in 1871.”

The Arawak-speaking peoples of South America, near today’s Venezuela, paddled their dug-out canoes up the Caribbean islands and across to Cuba, by which time they were known as Tainos and their life and culture were significantly different from the tribes in South America.

After centuries of separation from their ancestors, the

PAUL C ARANHA

Tainos in the Bahama chain developed a distinct culture of their own and eventually became Lucayans.

Long before this, however, it is probable that people from East Asia were the first humans to reach the Americas via Russia and Alaska, and over many centuries, trekked their way to all parts of the Americas.

• For questions and comments, please send an e-mail to islandairman@gmail.com

THIS map is the earliest definitive depiction of the Americas by a European.

It was drawn by Juan de la Cosa, a cartographer who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to what would soon be known as the “New World.”

MAP BY JUAN DE LA COSA (1490)

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Friday, August 6, 2021

Introducing my pack of best friends...

MY pack of wonderful furry Animal matters | KIM ARANHA friends who are very special to me Buddy is the jet-black gentle giant pointed out that you may like to who attended his boy’s wedding wearsee them all.

My current moving of house is hectic ing the same tie as the groomsmen.

Boss is my biggest and sweetest boy. and I think it’s a bit unsettling for my All these dogs enjoyed a long life “boys” (even though one of them is a with the late Chief as their leader. They girl). have now settled into a new pecking Bella is most definitely “one of the order and are (I hope) looking forward boys” and can give as good as she gets. to their new home with a nice big yard.

Garmin is the “fake” angel as he looks Newt week, they will share with you like such a good boy. how the move went.

BELLA is the only girl and is a very feisty young lady of 11, who if she fights, always wins.

Dainty to a fault, she exercises much power over the “boys”. She lived on Love Beach as a puppy chasing cars until rescued.

THE LATE pack leader: Chief was bold and highly protective of the “boys”. He would look you in the eye and tell you what to do.

GARMIN is the little devil who looks as good as gold. You will never believe he is the trouble maker. He lived on Balls Alley and was seasick when he came into the shelter so that he was on a drip for two weeks. He chose me 11 years ago and loves to scrap.

BOSS is the baby of the family; he is 10. He initially came to visit for three days and then stayed forever.

He’s a sweet, affectionate, gentle giant who was found under a car in a used car lot.

PET OF THE WEEK Grab a puppy and enjoy a cocktail “Hi, there, Bahamas! My name’s Bluff and I’m one of many puppies available for adoption at the Bahamas Humane Society.

“While some of the dogs get to fly off soon, my siblings and I and many others are still looking for somewhere to call home.

“I’m about two months old and will be ready for adoption once I’ve been spayed (no puppies for me!). I’m friendly with

By The Bahamas Humane Society

my siblings (I’m sleeping on one here) so I’m pretty sure I’ll get along with other dogs, and cats do look interesting.

“Do you need a youthful pup in your life? One with seriously cute eyebrows? Then it’s me you’re looking for! Please call 323-5138 for more information.

I look forward to meeting you soon!”

Thank you to Bon Vivants for adding the Potcake Punch to their menu. This delicious drink made of Plantation pineapple rum, fresh orange juice, grenadine, pineapple juice, fresh lime juice and cream of coconut will be available for a limited time, and all proceeds will go to the BHS!

Photo/ Linda Gill-Aranha

BUDDY, who has now assumed the role of leader, is 14 years old and has a white muzzle. His gentle nature has always had a calming effect on the entire family. He is a bit shaky on his feet, but enjoys a walk around the garden and sniffing out new scents. His favourite time of the day is dinner.

Pruning All aboutfor the gardening lychee tree tree strength Ground covers

16 | The Tribune | Weekend

Friday, August 6, 2021

An example of a weak branch angle susceptible to splitting.

This type of branch should be removed.

GOOD day gardeners! Often ByGOOD ADAM BOORMAN day, gardeners! there are areas in a yard•Time that flies, can Tribune Reporter •theI yes?

TimeFeatures is subjective also.

Had be difficult to find a plant to fill acadet@tribunemedia.net plantedIt amay lychee (Litchi chinensis space. be underneath trees Sonn/Nephelium litchi where doesn’t grow so NOWlawn that grass we have hadCambess) the first from on seed 15north orseason 20 side years I might well, ofago, a through, building storm ofthe the pass have athe fewsun lychee fruit from that where does not pruning is again on myshine to-dodirectly, listtree in byanow to enjoy.

Until then, they are a in rocky or low spot that is either the garden.

We had some small trees demanding shade tree at best. dry or wet,down etcetera. getNot blown in that (fortunately) particularly fast ground growing, the There are some good cover weak tropical system Isaias, and it lychee takes its time to mature, and plants that are also excellent as fillreminds me that tree pruning needs this or is the reason that layering ers, to put thea air ground (or to continue.

It into is also great exists.

Commercially, they are time laypots!) to simply, cover the ground. to prune hedges, shrubs, perennials, ered for propagation as they grow the shade or semi-shade, and anything branching. of a In strong enough rootstockMuch byI lean that toward Liriope muscari (lilyturf) the garden should be growing quite method and remain true to type.

It is or Queen, quickly thischoicest time of year. Macho, If your saidferns thatat(Kimberly the varieties have Boston, Liriope is very well garden not growing quickly it may greater isetcetera). variation in offspring quality, suited for dry locations, although it be worth doing some fertilizing to and that the seed of the lychee is only will tolerate short times with saturagreen and boost branching, flowerviable for four to five days, so it is not tion if the isis well drained.

The ing and rootsoil development.

For those something that recommended to maximum height is typically around buyusfrom sources over the of that unknown are relegated to our own 18” to 24”, and it stem is a clumping everinternet.

Itodo not have 15 orspread 20 years property help the of green thatyour resembles a hedge grass, to waitplant on those fruit, if you have got COVID-19, get clippers, but it well, is saws noteventually a or true grass. kids, they may thank shears, scissors out and get Liriope is moderately toleryou for planting some ofsalt them.

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Inwhen some liriope is one cut correctly itplaces, comes to prunForproperly sunnythey locations, one At of the my base where can thrive. without allowing for of us.

LIRIOPE MUSCARI back down to the ground once a year, heal ing larger trees, and even medium go-to or plants is purslane. of are the Redlands in South FloridaOne there are pests disease to intrude.

Here If you are seeking lychee fruit in a usually around February beforefrom new more popular varieties being used and small trees will benefit lycheehelpful grovespointers that are profaster steps. time though, if you some forhighly pruning: portulacastrum). growth startsframe pushing in “springthese Primarily, it the isand all about lately isincalled Puerto Rican pursductive the good years (theytwigs are have space for only a tree or two espe• Dead, dying or unsightly time”.

It growsangles. back inWider quickly and apparently the branching angles quite cyclical), and when lane.branches.

It is the lowest growing and best Its foliage can cially, do not with Tighter seeding and be picked and fills quite fasteven whenbother it is happy. make for stronger branching.

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Layer friend or • Sprouts growing near the base of eaten out of hand, Liriope is afrom slowaweak feeder, andneighit is few angles make for branching. weeks ago the trees tions. Its bright and vibrant flowers bour’s tree or to buy from a reputable the trunk. although it is recommended use a timed-release Early corrective pruning when the were loaded, but thefor fruitare great attractors pollinators SLOW to grow and a desupplier.

Now, don’t get upset with me • Crossed branches and branches slightly salty it can a nutrient supplement (fertilizer) tree is young is the efficient way to reputaing season in that location manding tree, you than will have and are a cheerful delight when in if you’ve justaseeded some andasyou’ve pruning, still a growing toward the current centre of earned the the beOther boiled with a bleit is rather than quick release, they supplier, prevent much heavier work in the is finished now.

The fruits of your sucfull bloom. got the space to plant them and let very active season for garden change or lychee. two of or to pests. are not able to absorb the fast air future.

Try grow to encourage the release crotch tree. issue nowRican for lychee in is thea groundcess if you cultivate Puerto purslane them grow, them!

If you’re practicing gooda IPM • Narrow crotches.

If it is possible water to reduce alayer lower cost fertilizers due to their relnew than too angles on trees branches to very be at hugging(other perennial thatmuch has a tight, (integrated pest Lychee are not saltleast tol- region management) proto doand so without ruining theI’ve appearsaltiness, and the atively slow feeding habits. tree from humidity) is a mite 45 degrees from the upright, main horizontal growth habit. seen gramme, erant or wind tolerant and they are heat hopefully all of your garden stems can also be ance of the tree, remove one of the There are few pest issues for lirian existing that is affecting groves.

The trunk, up toin90a protected degrees. location This is used wonderfully as a mass planting best planted iseaten not negatively affected bybe them at raw even tree.orThe fruits can quite ope environment; scalewind can forming the crotch. mite at a issue is and called the Erinose especially to preferably create with in fullour tobeneficial part shade, in members to cover sunny dryweak hillside, that fruiting this point.

Continue to monitor for variable in size and texture, as well pickled. sometimes affect them if there is limmite.

It creates galls on the leaf and This helps to prevent future storm tolerance a relatively(hurricane deep soil alley….!), base. Theyand are gave an incredible display of color crawling and as in thepurslane timeflying of year that and theypests. fruit is supposedly quite difficult free to eradiSea isinsects ited airflow, simple horticultural oil damage. particularly trees that a strong treeawith with afruit slow to medium while being maintenance and in.

As per the initial reference noted As earlier mentioned, it may be time cate.

It is microscopic and too small found on dunes and marshes, along spray can easily control any potential • Multiple leaders.

If more than bear more than average very easy to manage. There are many growth rateweight and they havethe a relatively there are many varieties that to see by eye, but gallsononathe leaf of below, to get some plant nutrients down the high tide mark in bays and estuissues with pests.

All around, liriope leader develops tree that non-fruiting tree.

Allowing wind to thick foliage to make a medium to one varietieswillofconfirm purslane, some with have been prized in its native ranges lychee the presence of to support stronger pest resistance, aries.

This is a primary plant to use is an easy plant, with good coverage, normally has a single stem, cut out easily through shade, a tree isbut always heavy move low hanging they larger leaves, and they have been in China, but they branching, areseashore limited as to them.

To the best of my knowledge wind resistance, rootwhen re-establishing dunes and is relatively maintenance free all but one to encourage the tree to are work highly susceptible to the nutrient less that cleaning up mess bred research, to display we many different colour what is available commercially even and do not yet have after storms or in reconstruction.

The ing, flowering, and fruiting except if while doing an excellent job at prodevelop its normal shape. deficiencies, OK? The of the options, from yellow to red, pinks, left from a tree that thehistory wind moved they are grown through Asia, Erionose mite present in may the though other edible variety is considered viding a simple green groundcover. your fruit tree has fruit on it now.

If • Remove branches that distribution of the lychee is complex the rather than moved through. purples, and combinations with bi- Southern Africa, and in the Ameri-a Bahamas. weedtree by many, it pops upitseemingly Use as an has fruit left on after the and quite fascinating if you are up for develop into potential hazards such your Always remove dead wood from coloured and have been being transported Lychee are grown successfully to cas out of nowhere, and will grow edging, ashrubs. a follow read, cite thewood first referwind blew through, wait until a fewin low-hanging branches that intertrees andup Dead adds as hundreds of years.and The lychee our north and south, andflowers. there are for ence noted cracks in the asphalt just about filler, or a below. weeks after the fruiting has finished with traffic and weakened or unnecessary weight, wind resistance fere There are a grandelse history, that again I suglarge fruiting trees right here in New has The soils in ourpests archipelago are dead anywhere it can take hold. mass to begin adding nutrients.

Fruiting branches that may break. and itplantcan harbour and disease. edible taking a few minutes to read Providence. It is possibletwo to grow a gest (generally and dead variably) alkaline Portulaca oleracea is spreadfertilizworlding or even trees a different • Single branches other than itthe Termites enjoy wood as well! fruiting of onneed if youquite are interested.

To conlychee tree, but asvarieties usual, is up and lychee’s native range is an acidic wide through the horticultural trade in planters ing routine than non-fruiting trees. sometimes develop faster Where to cut is as important as how leader purslane, recommended to either source from clude, plant lychee in a protected and is most somewhere your and treeslikely typically do notinneed They need to cut.pots.

For trees, the final cut after than the rest of the tree. one is a Native yard!

It can be eaten raw on salads Liriope is to be fertilized, except maybe when tree to branch removal should be made at to be cut back to allow the native that etcetera as well. stronger So, depending on atheversatile branch collar so that the tree can develop its normal shape. grows on young to promote and faster where you may have a bare area of ground the seaside ground that you wish to cover, liricover called, get PURSLANE flowers bloom plant, and I alongside the trail in the Portu- this….. sea ope works very well in shade, and purslane works very well in the sun. highly reclaca Garden in Tien Giang in the purslane Both are low maintenance plants, ommend Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Sesuvium it! that are carefree and best when let to

Adam Boorman

establishment. If there are no native location away from wind and salt trees Choose in your an yard, consider spray. areaplease with deep soils orgive more, if you havesupthe ifplanting possibleone and them ample space. If you do notthroughout have space the for plemental nutrients a native tree or more, in native shrubs year.

As with anything our region will encourage balance in the garden there will be pest problems, but I just asnot well as native trees. to attack have noticed anything SEA best PURSLANE wish you all of the theI lychee to the point whereduring drasthese difficult isand trying Keep times.anI tic remediation necessary. be. on What could easier than eye your young and trythat? to encourage you to be gettrees into the garden, Some folks are already preparing keep the leaf a medium green colour, get to pruning and trimming, get to for the veggie growing season, even though some colour variation fertilizing where necessary, andthose get busy bees that are anxious to get exists between the named varieties. to composting. Please, plant a native going may Happy gardening, and as beginning always, tree or again shrub.

Pay consider attention to trees seeding some of the veggood luck! when they are young to tougher avoid probgies like peppers, maybe lems withcorn, themokra, in the future.

As • Adam Boorman the nursery cucumber and beets, everyone will always, I wish you happyis gardening! manager at the HillofNursery.

You have their ownFox way doing it.

As can contact himyou withhappy any questions always, I wish garden• Adam Boorman is the nursery you mayishave, orto topics you would ing!

Here a link a Nursery. veg chart that manager at the FoxtoHill You like see discussed, may help some to decide when to at get can contact him with any questions gardening242@gmail.com. going: https://www.foxhillnursery.biz/ you may have, or topics you would veg-chart.htmllike to see discussed, at gardening242@gmail.com.

• Adam Boorman is the nursery manager at the Fox Hill Nursery. You can contact him with any questions you may have, or topics you would like to see discussed, at gardening242@gmail.com.