Seminar: Indian Habitat

AR 401 SEMINAR: INDIAN HABITAT REPORT ON

SECTOR - 3, R.K. PURAM, NEW DELHI-110022 B. Arch. 4 th Year 2020-2021 Submitted by SONAKSHI SHARMA Guided by Ar. Iqtedar Alam

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI-110025 Faculty of Architecture & Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi

Certificate In the partial fulfilment of the B. Arch. (4th Year) degree program, this is to certify that Sonakshi Sharma has worked on the Report entitled “Sector - 3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi” under our guidance and supervision.

Ar. Iqtedar Alam Dissertation Guide

Prof. Hina Zia Head of Department

External Examiner 1

Prof. S.M. Akhtar Dean

External Examiner 2

DECLARATION

I, Sonakshi Sharma, hereby declare that the Dissertation on ‘Sector - 3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi’ submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture (4th Year) is my original research work and that the information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and references.

Sonakshi Sharma Date: xx/04/2021

Place: New Delhi 2020-21

Bachelor of Architecture (4 th Year)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I feel pleasure in expressing my deep sense of gratitude to my dissertation guide, Ar. Iqtedar Alam, for his valuable guidance, constant encouragement, constructive criticism and valuable suggestions throughout the course of the present study.

I would further like to thank my parents, Mr. Satish Sharma and Mrs. Shashi Sharma for their blessings, support and constant encouragement.

Sonakshi Sharma B.Arch. 4th Year F/O Architecture and Ekistics Jamia Millia Islamia

CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

Certificate

ii

Declaration

iii

Acknowledgements

iv

1. Introduction

1

2. Introduction to site 2.1. Area under review 2.1.1. Context 2.1.2. Accessibility 2.1.3. Land Use 2.1.4. Built vs Unbuilt 2.1.5. Street Pattern 2.1.6. Key Dependencies 2.2. Household under review

2

3. Categories and Resources 3.1. Introduction 3.1.1. Consumer Grade Products 3.1.2. Water 3.1.3. Energy 3.1.4. Furniture and Furnishings 3.1.5. Clothing 3.1.6. Infrastructure 3.1.7. Recreation 3.1.8. Electronics 3.1.9. Miscellaneous 3.1.10. Workplaces 3.2. Mapping 3.2.1. First Order Mapping 3.2.1.1. Ward Map 3.2.1.2. District Level 3.2.2. Second Order Mapping

12

4. Valuation 4.1. Consumer Grade Products 4.1.1. Scoring Criterion

21

4.1.2. Score Achieved 4.2. Water 4.2.1. Scoring Criterion 4.2.2. Score Achieved 4.3. Energy 4.3.1. Scoring Criterion 4.3.2. Score Achieved 4.4. Furniture and Furnishings 4.4.1. Scoring Criterion 4.4.2. Score Achieved 4.5. Clothing 4.5.1. Scoring Criterion 4.5.2. Score Achieved 4.6. Infrastructure 4.6.1. Scoring Criterion 4.6.2. Score Achieved 4.7. Recreation 4.7.1. Scoring Criterion 4.7.2. Score Achieved 4.8. Electronics 4.8.1. Scoring Criterion 4.8.2. Score Achieved 4.9. Miscellaneous 4.9.1. Scoring Criterion 4.9.2. Score Achieved 4.10. Workplaces 4.10.1. Scoring Criterion 4.10.2. Score Achieved 5. Conclusion

28

6. Inferences

29

Annexure References

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01. Introduction 1.1.Resources Humans have evolved throughout their existence. With their evolving biology, their settlements have also evolved. Humans have gone from living in caves to living in concrete jungles, and are the only species that can create a habitat almost anywhere on the planet as long as their needs of food and water are met. This is because of their impeccable quality to adapt to even the most extreme of environments and call it home.

In fact in terms of food and water, humans have come a long way with systematic agricultural practices and industries revolving around these two resources.

Additionally, in today's modern time, these resources are just a click away. Along with the basic requirements essential in nomadic times, humans as a society have developed to seek additional resources as necessary namely clothing, recreation, infrastructure, electronics etc. These have undoubtedly made human life easier, longer and healthier than ever before.

These resources broadly fit into categories namely economic, ecological, social, cultural, human etc.

1.1. Economic Resources Economic resources are the components used in the manufacture of products or the provision of services. In other words, they're the materials that go into making products or assistance required in providing services. These resources are classified under two categories: human resources and property resources.

1.1.1. Human Resources Labour and entrepreneurial abilities are examples of human capital. In economics, labour refers to physical and mental activity directed toward the creation of goods and services. As a result, factory worker, accountant, typist, teacher, and doctor are all possible occupations and go on to include judges, physicists, and other professionals.

It's worth noting that it's the labour services that are purchased and sold for money, not the labour itself. Further, the availability of labour is determined by a variety of factors such as the total population size, the age distribution of the population, the working population availability, the working hours devoted to production, the compensation paid to the workers, and so on.

Another example of a human resource is management. Management is a resource that helps a company achieve its objectives by facilitating productive and successful development and operations. Managers organise, track, and guide 1 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

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workers engaged in production or services rather than being personally involved in them.

1.1.2. Property Resources On the other hand, land and capital are included in property resources.

The word "land" refers to all natural resources that are used in the production of goods and generate revenue. Land is a form of economic resource that includes gold, iron, silver, and oil, among other natural physical resources. Some countries have abundant natural resources, and by using them, they can boost their economies to new heights. Agricultural property, forests, mineral fields, fisheries, rivers, lakes, oil deposits, and other natural resources are examples of free gifts from nature.

All man-made resources that assist in development are referred to as capital. Thus, capital resources include machinery, equipment, materials, warehouses, storage, transportation, infrastructure and other items used in the manufacture of new products and their distribution to end users.

1.2. Ecological Resources An ecological resource, according to biology and ecology, is a material or entity in the environment that an organism needs for normal development, maintenance, and reproduction. Light, nutrients, water, and a suitable growing environment are essential resources for plants.

Food, water, and territory are essential resources for animals. These include lake, pond, river, land, forests, mountains, wetlands, deserts and so on. The value and the role of each such resource is varied and hence can cater to a variety of needs of the biological creatures.

However, this sharing and limitation of resources may result in one organism's use of resources making resources inaccessible to another organism. Hence, competition is created for survival if resources are not abundantly available.

1.3. Social Resources Social resources are goods, material, infrastructure as well as symbolic, that can be accessed by the public and used in social interactions. These resources are considered essential for the social growth, amalgamation and exchange of ideas.

These can serve a section of a community for example any religious center like temple, mosque, church etc or be available to everyone like public parks, schools, hospitals and other institutional, healthcare and recreational facilities like movie theatres, amusement parks, clinics etc.

These resources are also shared amongst many and hence have a larger outreach among the society. As mentioned earlier, these are extremely essential for the 2 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

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development of the society. This also raises their demand and their proper maintenance, which is usually met by the stakeholders involved and without which the system can collapse, rendering it useless.

1.4. Cultural Resources Cultural Resources are unique remnants of human existence from the past such as a historic site, object, buildings, houses, rock inscriptions, landscape, structure or even a natural feature of significance to a group of people traditionally associated with it.

These have been valued and transformed by human activity or knowledge and now hold some significance with regard to its historic, archaeological, architectural, spiritual, and human (cultural) development.

These need not necessarily be physical remnants but can also be intangible, such as folklore, ries, norms, actions etc. that contribute to a shared understanding among members of a subculture and can be used to legitimise meanings, interpretations, and actions.

1.2. Shared Resources: An Idea Certainly, there always is an obvious overlap between resources and the category they belong to. This overlap arises due to the fact that many resources cater to a wide range of activities and hence, accordingly, mean differently to different people based on their interaction to the said resource. These are what are shared resources.

An example of such a shared resource is rainfall. Rain is a part of the never-ending water cycle, in which rain falls to the earth, evaporates, is deposited by clouds, and then falls again to repeat the cycle. Rainfall benefits the earth's weather systems, seasons, and the sustainability of all plant and animal life on the planet.

Rainfall has its ecological benefits as it is necessary for the survival of flora and fauna of rain dependent areas and for refilling of lakes, baolis, and groundwater. In turn, many human activities are dependent on these lakes and ponds such as bathing, agriculture etc, thus these being a shared resource in themselves.

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In addition to these benefits, rainfall is extremely essential for agricultural practices, on which the economy of the many agrarian societies depend. Rainfalls are responsible for the sufficient flow of rivers so as to generate hydroelectricity, reducing dependence on non renewable sources of energy and generating jobs.

Additionally, rainwater harvesting not only provides ecological benefit as the dependency on groundwater is reduced but also economic benefit as it results in reduction in water bill. Moreover, rainwater harvesting reduces chances of urban flooding and helps create jobs of plumbers, builders etc.

Socially, rain is celebrated in many cultures as a sign of purity and prosperity. Various folk songs and festivals revolving around rain are prevalent and celebrated with great cheer.

Any given habitat needs a list of essential resources to survive and, since most of the resources are limited on this planet, it is only by sharing these that the habitat can flourish.

However, each habitat is not capable of producing or possessing all the required resources locally. Hence the need for interdependence on other habitats is created.

This is similar to Sir Patrick Geddes’, Scottish sociologist and pioneer town planner, Conurbations Theory as discussed in his book Cities in Evolution in 1915. In it, he talks about how an improved social order could and should arise from the advancing technology. Further, in his publication “The valley section from hills to sea.”, published in 1923, a region is expressed in the city and the city spreads influence of the highest level into the region. In other words, Geddes states that it takes a whole region to make the city. This interdependence results in either resources being transported to provide for the population of the habitat based on the demand or individuals travelling for the procurement of the said resources. Both of these alternatives result in an increase in carbon emissions.

In this report, a habitat as a cluster of houses has been evaluated under a list of categories of resources, their first order and second order distance and scored accordingly to arrive at a conclusive valuation of the said habitat.

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02. Introduction to site 2.1. Area under review The area under review is the locality of Sector 3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi -110022.

Built in the 1950’s by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) in the second phase of extension of New Delhi, Rama Krishna Puram is a Central Government Employees residential colony. The farmlands of the farmers of Munirka were acquired for its development, which continued till the 1970s.

CPWD has been responsible for the maintenance and upkeep since then.

Named after saint Sri Ramakrishna, the residential colony majorly consists of double storeyed housing blocks with 2-3 bedroom apartments.

Location of R. K. Puram Sector 3 in Delhi

R. K. Puram is subdivided into 13 sectors, although, there doesn't exist a Sector-11.

R. K. Puram Sector 3 has a total of 1240 houses with the following distribution of their types: TYPE I II III IV TOTAL

NO. OF HOUSES 324 232 212 472 1240

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2.1.1. Context R. K. Puram Sector 3 is located in the South-West District of Delhi. It is bordered by major roads on three sides while the fourth is adjoined by Sector-4. Across the roads, to the north is Sector-1, to the east is the protected green land adjoining the Hauz Khas district park and on the south is Munirka.

Accessibility and Context

- Hauz Khas District Park It is protected green land owned and maintained by Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which houses the Hauz Khas Complex, maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The complex has a large water tank first built by Allaudin Khilji to supply water to the inhabitants of Siri, the second Medieval City of Delhi. Later additions were done by Feroz Shah Tughlaq, between 1352 and 1354 A.D, which consisted of a Madrasa (Islamic seminary), a small Mosque, a Main tomb for himself and six domed pavilions in its precincts.

The District Park and the adjoining Deer Park are famous and attract visitors as it caters to their various interests. In addition to the historical significance as mentioned above, the park attracts visitors for its deers, birds, rabbits etc along with fitness enthusiasts who use the open gym and parks for jogging and exercise, families for outings and the childrens park, skating ground etc. and other recreational purposes.

- Munirka Munirka, on the other hand, is an urban village. It is on Munirka’s agrarian land that R. K. Puram is developed.

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Munirka’s market is famous for its furniture, wholesale, hardware shops, coaching centers which cater to not only its population but also the residents of R. K. Puram.

2.1.2. Accessibility Sector 3 R. K. Puram is well connected to all the major transportation facilities.

-Metro: R. K. Puram Metro Station (Magenta Line) -Bus Stop: ▹ ▹

Sector 3 R. K. Puram Sector 2 R. K. Puram

-Roads: ▹ Olof Palme Marg (or Outer Ring Road) ▹ Africa Avenue, connecting the Outer and Inner Ring Road ▹ Venkateshwara Mandir Marg, connecting to the rest of the R. K. Puram.

2.1.3. Land Use

Sector-3, R. K. Puram is not exclusively residential but mixed with essential services and facilities.

-Commercial It has ample commercial area which sufficiently caters to the day to day needs of the residents.

Dairy needs: - Mother Dairy - Delhi Milk Scheme (DMS) Booth - Kaushal Sweets 7 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

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Grocery needs: - Kendriya Bhandar - Sindhi Bakery - Gopinath Store - Tiwari Store - Vinod Store Pharmacy: - Apollo Pharmacy - SS Medicos Eatery: - Monginis - Goodness of Treat Stationary: - Chawla Book Depot Tailor and Cloth Shop: - New Light Tailors and Drapers - Narula Garments - Sharma Clothshop Additionally, - three barbershops - various costermongers selling fruits, vegetables etc - ATMs -Institutional There are three schools in the sector.

- South Delhi Municipal Corporation Co-Educational Primary School (Nur- Class 5 - Government Boys’ Senior Secondary School (Class 6-12) - Lakshman Public School (Nur-Class 12) -Religious Following are the religious structures in the vicinity: - Venkateshwara Mandir - Shiv Mandir - Arya Samaj Mandir

-

Madrasa Taleem Ul Quran Masjid Haji Langa

- Sultani Masjid - Gurudwara -Slums/Night Shelters - Ravidas Camp 8 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

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- Saraswati Camp -Health Center - CGHS Dispensary -Community Centers - CPWD Baraat Ghar - MCD Community Hall

2.1.4. Built vs Unbuilt There are ample open spaces provided for the residents. These are either provided as front lawns separate for individual housing or provided as a common park in front of houses.

These open spaces as well as streets are lined with trees which provide ample green cover to the residential area. Open gyms and children’s play areas have been provided in these areas.

Built vs Unbuilt

Street Pattern

2.1.5. Street Pattern The Sector has two vehicular entrances. Earlier there used to be more but they have been closed due to different reasons. These entrances open on to the Venkateshwara Mandir Marg.

On the contrary, there are several pedestrian entrances for the Sector which connect the residents to the areas in its vicinity.

Internally, the houses are lined with ample roads and parking which are at least single lane. There is only one exclusive pedestrian walkway which connects Sector 3 to Sector 4 via the Sector Park.

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2.1.6. Key Dependencies WATER: Water is provided to the residents by Delhi Jal Board (DJB) which is responsible for procurement, cleaning and supplying of water from River Yamuna.

ELECTRICITY: BSES Rajdhani Power Limited, a joint venture of Reliance Infrastructure Ltd and the Govt of Delhi NCT, is responsible for the electricity supply to the residents. The nearest substation (220 KV), inaugurated in 2019, is located in Sector Park, between Sector 3 and Sector 4, which uses state-of-the-art technology viz ‘Gas Insulated Switchgears’ (GIS).

GAS: Cooking gas is provided to the residents by Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL). Piped Natural Gas (PNG) is provided to each residence.

The supply pipeline runs underground and is demarcated by yellow stones at certain distances to avoid any damage to the pipeline.

HEALTH CARE: Since the residential colony is for Central Government Employees, a Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) Dispensary is provided within each Sector.

In addition to that, major hospitals such as All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) and Safdarjung Hospital are located in close proximity.

Two pharmacies are also available in the local market that help cater the residents’ smaller healthcare needs.

DAILY NEEDS: The local market is sufficient enough to cater the residents’ day to day grocery needs and essential requirements. These are retail shops which get their products from wholesale markets.

Additionally, if need be the markets in the adjacent Sector of R.K. Puram and Munirka are easily accessible.

In today's time, people have shifted from buying from local shops and have started ordering from online stores instead. This has helped the residents in staying safe in the time of a pandemic as well as get a better deal while ordering online.

RECREATIONAL:

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In the view of the pandemic, the need for Recreational Spaces has increased. For both, physical and mental well being of the residents, they are dependent on these spaces.

The sector has ample recreational spaces and parks which allow the residents to maintain a healthy lifestyle while still following the norms related to social distancing.

These are provided in terms of open gyms, parks, jogging etc.

2.2. Household under review The household under review consists of the following four members.

S. No.

Name

Age (years)

Occupation

01

Satish Sharma

56

Police Inspector

02

Shashi Sharma

50

Primary School Teacher

03

Pushkar Sharma

25

Engineer

04

Sonakshi Sharma

22

University Student

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03. Categories and Resources 3.1. Introduction According to the requirements and needs of a typical household, following is the categorization of various resources needed. Sub categories have also been mentioned wherever applicable. The detailed list can be referred to in the annexure.

S. No. 1

Categories

Sub-Categories

Consumer good products 1a Food and Beverages 1b Bathroom & associated products 1c Stationery

2

Water

3

Energy Consumption

4

Furniture & Furnishings

5

Clothing

6

Infrastructure

Fuel, cooking gas, electricity

6a Education, healthcare, religion, banks, post office, police station, fire station 6b Transportation 7

Recreation

8

Electronics

9

Miscellaneous

Garbage DTH connections Medicines

10

Workplaces

3.1.1. Consumer Good Products The products included in this category are consumed in the average life of an individual. It consists of sub categories of (1a) Food and Beverages, (1b) Bathroom and Associated Products and (1c) Pharmaceutical Products. These are essential in the daily functioning and maintenance of a human being. However, the most important of the three sub categories is (1a) Food and Beverages, as the products 12 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

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under this category are crucial for a human's survival. This sub category is then further divided into the vital groups such as Cereal, Pulses, Masala & Spices, Dairy Products, Oil and the additional i.e. Snacks, Instant Mix, Beverages, Breakfast Cereals, Condiments etc.The latter groups aren't as important but have become an additional part of the meals.

A good majority of the Consumer Good Products are available in the local market, which is conveniently in the walkable distance, at about 200 meters from the house. It is only the Dry Fruits that are sourced from the wholesale market located in Khari Baoli, at a distance of 16km, but it is more of a personal choice than compulsion. This is due to the better prices and intermittent demand that this is a preferred alternative. Additionally, a few of these products are sourced from the aforementioned and similar wholesale markets in the city. Although, in contrast, the second order of a significant number of these products are from the other states of India, their distance ranging from 29 km in the neighbouring state such as Haryana, Uttar Pradesh to 2750 km in the farthest state Kerala.

Unquestionably, these products are indispensable for any individual and their close proximity and availability to the consumers is as essential. The second order or source of these products, however, are dependent on their source of origin or their nativity, for example coconut oil from Tamil Nadu or the source of manufacturing, such as bathroom products are manufactured in factories located in various places in the state of Uttarakhand.

3.1.2. Water Water is a resource vital for the survival of human beings. Besides the need of potable water for the purpose of drinking and cooking, clean water is also a necessary requirement for bathing, cleaning of clothes, utensils, surroundings, and other purposes. Water promotes both health and hygiene.

Water for this habitat is sourced from a nearby overhead tank owned and managed

by Delhi Jal Board (DJB), a government agency responsible for the supply of potable water to most of the National Capital Territory region of Delhi, India.

Located in the sector, the water tank is responsible for storing water for 1240 houses of the locality. Further, the DJB sources, cleans and supplies the water from the river Yamuna located on the south east periphery of the state, about 13 km from the locality.

The amount and frequency of the water supply is enough to cater to the needs of the residents and the nearby water source helps meet the requirements of the population.

3.1.3. Energy Consumption

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Energy is consumed in various forms and hence has been sub categorized into (3a) Electricity, (3b) Fuel and (3c) Cooking Gas. All the three sub categories are consumed on a day to day frequency.

The electricity is supplied by BSES Rajdhani, a joint venture of the Government of Delhi and Reliance Infrastructure Limited. Locally, the electricity is distributed from the BSES substation in the Sector. Fuel is consumed in the form of Petrol for the functioning of the car and can be purchased from the nearby Indian Oil Petrol Pumps located under a radius of 1 km. Natural gas is piped and supplied by Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL) for cooking purposes. Further, IGL sources its gas via the cross-state gas pipeline, HVJ Gas Pipeline owned by Gas Authority of India (GAIL).

These resources are readily available to the end user, without disruption, and also in close proximity. This makes it convenient and effortless for the community.

3.1.4. Furniture and Furnishings This category lists the Furniture items in the household under review and additional furnishings. These ease and support the various human activities performed at home and make daily functioning comfortable.

Most of the furnishings and some furniture is bought from the local markets of Munirka and Sarojini Nagar under the 3km radius. The other furniture items are bought from wholesale markets of Kirti Nagar and Panchkuian, where the furniture is also made, which fall under the radius of about 13 km.

Although used extensively daily, the life of a furniture item is long and hence the need to visit and buy from furniture stores is extremely infrequent. On the other hand, other furnishings are conveniently available in the nearby local markets.

Both these factors justify the distance and source of this category.

3.1.5. Clothing Clothing is not just a social norm followed by humans but also helps protect against elements, rough surfaces, insects, thorns etc by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. They also insulate against cold or hot conditions, and create a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body. Additionally, clothes provide protection from the harmful ultraviolet radiation. This category lists the clothing items and their brands and store locations. With fast fashion, the frequency of buying new clothes has increased and the life of a clothing item has decreased.

Despite the trend of online shopping, buying clothes is preferred offline so as to feel the texture, get the right sizing and be satisfied with the quality of the purchase. These are bought from stores located under a radius of 7 km, the frequency of visit being twice a year at the time of season change. These

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multinational retail clothing brands get their products manufactured in countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam, where labour is cheaper.

For a semi-annual visit, the clothing stores are located at a convenient distance for the habitants.

3.1.6. Infrastructure This category lists the transportation and other infrastructural amenities, such as schools, hospitals, banks, fire station, police station, petrol pump etc that are essential for the habitat. Transportation structures help in ease of accessibility to and from the habitat that keeps the residents connected to the rest of the world.

Similarly, good quality schools are important for quality education and the future of the society.

The habitat under review is well connected and easily accessible with the more frequent mode of travel i.e. bus and metro being under a radius of 0.5 km and less frequent i.e. 13 km. The other amenities, more frequently used, also fall under a radius of 2km except education. Despite having ample good quality private schools in the neighbouring locality, the user preference was for a distance of 8km. The college, on the other hand, is the closest option for the set requirements.

In terms of Infrastructure, the urgency and the frequency of visit becomes an important factor. National level public hospital is available under a radius of 3 km.

However, the educational facilities, which are visited 5 out of 7 days of the week, are located at a distance which can be inconvenient.

3.1.7. Recreational Recreational facilities are not the most vital but give additional value to life. These are essential for mental health and physical fitness as well as social interactions as these spaces act as a congregational space. With increasing population, these spaces have become a luxury instead of a prerequisite of any habitat.

In these government accommodation, small pocket parks are available for the residents in front of their lanes, each catering to about 32 houses. Additionally, district park owned and maintained by Delhi Development Authority (DDA) is also located at a walkable distance of 0.6 km. These help promote physical and mental fitness. Less frequented recreational spaces such as shopping malls and movie theatres are located under a radius of 5 km.

The recreational spaces are located at convenient distances and allow the user to take a break from their hectic schedules and indulge in some recreation to relax and refresh.

3.1.8. Electronics This category lists the electronics used in the household under review. In today's day and age, electronics are vital for the day to day functioning of any individual.

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These help in the household chores (washing machine, juicer-mixer etc), improve the indoor environment (air conditioner, air purifier etc), they help connect the world virtually and bring the exchange of information to one’s fingertips (laptop, tv, mobile etc) as well as for recreation (radio etc) amongst other.

Some of the electronics are bought online due to the discounted prices available on websites and the others are bought from markets falling under a radius of 6km. A few of the electronics have been brought from the USA as electronics are cheaper there. Place of manufacturing for a majority of the electronics is China and has been then imported by various companies to India.

Electronics are an occasional purchase and hence the distance of the first order is justified. In addition to the ill effects of e-waste on the environment, the manufacturing of these products is majorly in China which adds immensely to the carbon footprint of the product.

3.1.9. Miscellaneous This category lists the household cleaning supplies which are used for the maintenance and upkeep of the house. These include detergents, disinfectants, wiper, broom etc.

Similar to the Consumer Good Products, these are also sourced from the local market which is at a walkable distance. Most of these are manufactured in factories established in Uttarakhand.

These products are conveniently available at a reasonable distance for the residents frequent use.

3.1.10. Workplace Workplaces are important for earning a livelihood for the upkeep and progress of any individual or household. Less travel time to the workplace helps maintain productivity as it reduces the time, energy and money spent only on commute.

The household under review has a sole earning member who works at a government school for primary children. Located in the same sector, the workplace is at an easily walkable distance of 200 meters from the house.

This is an extremely convenient option with various advantages. With less time and energy spent on transportation, the working individual is more productive, healthier by the daily walk to and from the workplace and emits zero carbon emission.

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3.2. Mapping 3.2.1. First order Mapping The source from which each resource under the 10 category was procured by the household has been listed as its First Order. These include local markets, neighbouring facilities etc. These have then been mapped in the Ward level and District Level map.

These maps help better represent and understand the source of these resources individually, the contrast in their distance from the household and their location.

3.2.1.1. Ward Level The household under review falls under Ward 66-s Munirka.

Map of Ward 66-s Munirka

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Cumulative mapping of categories

3.2.1.2. District Level The area under review falls under the South District in Delhi.

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Map of Ward 66-s Munirka

Cumulative mapping of categories

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Seminar: Indian Habitat

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B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

3.2.2. Second Order Mapping The source from which each resource was brought to the first order location has been listed as its Second Order. This has then been mapped in the Country Level map.

These maps help better represent and understand the source of these resources individually, the contrast in their distance from their First Order and how they are spread across the country. The resources brought online, however, have been marked using a dashed line.

20 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

04. Valuation Based on the necessity and importance of each category they have been appointed a certain weightage. The sum of all the categories is 100 to get to a comparative overall score for the first and the second order.

4.1. Consumer Grade Products 4.1.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 20 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 20)

Range (km)

Score (out of 20)

<0.5

20

< 100

10

0.5-2

18

100- 200

8

2- 5

16

200- 500

6

5- 10

14

> 500

4

10- 20

12

20- 30

10

30-40

8

40-50

6

>50

4

4.1.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under the three sub categories in the category of Consumer Grade Products, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows: Score Achieved

Maximum Score

21 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

First Order

17.4

20

Second Order

6.6

10

4.2. Water 4.2.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 20 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 20)

Range (km)

Score (out of 20)

<0.5

20

< 100

10

0.5-2

18

100- 200

8

2- 5

16

200- 500

6

5- 10

14

> 500

4

10- 20

12

20- 30

10

30-40

8

40-50

6

>50

4

4.2.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the source of water supply to the locality, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order Second Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

20

20

-

10

4.3. Energy 4.3.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 10 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 20)

Range (km)

Score (out of 20)

22 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

<0.5

10

< 100

5

0.5-2

9

100- 200

4

2- 5

8

200- 500

3

5- 10

7

> 500

2

10- 20

6

20- 30

5

30-40

4

40-50

3

>50

4

4.3.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the three sub categories in the category of Energy, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order Second Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

9.3

10

5

5

4.4. Furniture and Furnishings 4.4.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 5 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 20)

Range (km) < 100

Score (out of 20)

<0.5

5

0.5-2

4.5

100- 200

2

2- 5

4

200- 500

1.5

5- 10

3.5

10- 20

3

20- 30

2.5

30-40

2

40-50

1.5

>50

1

> 500

2.5

1

4.4.2. Scoring Achieved

23 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under the category of Furniture and Furnishings, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows: Score Achieved

Maximum Score

First Order

2.8

5

Second Order

2.5

2.5

4.5. Clothing 4.5.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 10 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 20)

Range (km)

Score (out of 20)

<0.5

10

< 100

5

0.5-2

9

100- 200

4

2- 5

8

200- 500

3

5- 10

7

> 500

2

10- 20

6

20- 30

5

30-40

4

40-50

3

>50

4

4.5.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under thesub categories in the category of Clothing, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows: Score Achieved

Maximum Score

First Order

6.9

10

Second Order

2.1

5

4.6. Infrastructure

24 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

4.6.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 10 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 10)

Range (km)

Score (out of 10)

<0.5

10

< 100

5

0.5-2

9

100- 200

4

2- 5

8

200- 500

3

5- 10

7

> 500

2

10- 20

6

20- 30

5

30-40

4

40-50

3

>50

4

4.6.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under the category of Infrastructure, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

8.9

10

4.7. Recreation 4.7.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 5 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 50)

Range (km) < 100

Score (out of 5)

<0.5

5

0.5-2

4.5

100- 200

2

2- 5

4

200- 500

1.5

5- 10

3.5

10- 20

3

20- 30

2.5

> 500

2.5

1

25 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

30-40

2

40-50

1.5

>50

1

4.7.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under the category of Recreation, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

4.2

5

4.8. Electronics 4.8.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 5 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 5)

Range (km)

Score (out of 5)

<0.5

5

< 100

2.5

0.5-2

4.5

100- 200

2

2- 5

4

200- 500

1.5

5- 10

3.5

10- 20

3

20- 30

2.5

30-40

2

40-50

1.5

>50

1

> 500

1

4.8.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under the category of Electronics, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

2.9

5 26

Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Second Order

1

2.5

4.9. Miscellaneous 4.9.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 5 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 5)

Range (km)

Score (out of 5)

<0.5

5

< 100

2.5

0.5-2

4.5

100- 200

2

2- 5

4

200- 500

1.5

5- 10

3.5

10- 20

3

20- 30

2.5

30-40

2

40-50

1.5

>50

1

> 500

1

4.9.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the all the resources under the category of Miscellaneous, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order Second Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

5

5

1.4

2.5

4.10. Workplace 4.10.1. Scoring Criterion The resources in this category have been marked out of 10 First Order Range (km)

Second Order Score (out of 10)

Range (km)

Score (out of 10)

<0.5

10

< 100

5

0.5-2

9

100- 200

4

27 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

2- 5

8

200- 500

3

5- 10

7

> 500

2

10- 20

6

20- 30

5

30-40

4

40-50

3

>50

4

4.10.2. Scoring Achieved Based on the evaluation of the category of Workplace, the score achieved in the First Order and the Second Order is as follows:

First Order

Score Achieved

Maximum Score

10

10

05. Conclusion Based on the valuation done, the following table illustrates the category wise score and the same has been illustrated in the bar graph below.

Consumer good products

First Order

Second Order

Achieved Max.

Achieved Max.

17.4

20

6.6

10

Water

20

20

-

-

Energy Consumption

9.3

10

5

5

Furniture & furnishings

2.8

5

2.5

2.5

Clothing

6.9

10

2.1

5

Infrastructure

8.9

10

-

-

Recreation

4.2

5

-

-

Electronics

2.9

5

1

2.5

Miscellaneous

5

5

1.4

2.5

Workplaces

10

10

-

-

FINAL

87.4

100

18.6 27.5

28 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Sonakshi Sharma

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

06. Inference As illustrated above, the final score for the household under valuation concludes to be 87.4 out of 100 (87.4%) for the first order and 18.6 out of 27.5 (67.6%) for the second order. This score makes it evident that resource availability and reach for the household under review is rather optimum. In the first order, the category of Water resource has scored the maximum of all the categories evaluated due to the water tank’s proximity to the household. The category that has scored the least is Furniture and Furnishings as these resources are not available in the local market, so to procure these one has to travel to bigger city markets.

In the second order, out of all the categories evaluated Electronics category scores the least. Such a low score is due to the fact that electronic goods are not manufactured locally, or even in the country but are imported from other countries where production is cheaper. Additionally, it is imperative to note that the first order score of the same category is also towards the lower end i.e. 2.9 out of 5 (58%). With the advancing technology and the ensuing increase in demand for electronics, the need to produce electronics locally becomes vital.

Resources and Infrastructure are essential for the survival of any habitat and its occupants. However, for a habitat to be self-sustaining is practically impossible and hence arises the need of interdependence on other habitats for these amenities.

Moving on, what becomes important is the accessibility and reach of the individuals to these resources and infrastructure and vice-a-versa. The tendency recognised in the given household is of either seeking amenities closest to the habitat or if located far

29 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

away the need is due to the great need with which the amenity has been sought after.

This is further evident in the valuation and score achieved by the household.

Annexure

CONSUMER GOOD PRODUCTS 1a FOOD AND BEVERAGES Cereals S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source First Order

Points Scored

Dist. First Second Dist (km) Second Order (km) Order Order

1 Wheat

Aashirvad

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Sehore, Madhya 0.19 Pradesh

2 Ragi

24 Mantra

Online

Big Basket

-

Bidar, Karnataka

755

20

1552

5

4

30 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

3 Bajra

24 Mantra

Online

Big Basket

-

Bidar, Karnataka

1552

5

4 Jowar

24 Mantra

Online

Big Basket

-

Bidar, Karnataka

1552

5

Offline

Gopinath Store

Faridabad, 0.25 Haryana

29

20

10

Brown 5 Cornflour Polson

&

6 Maida

SNSK

Offline

Gopinath Store

Madangir, 0.25 Delhi

9.2

20

10

7 Baisan

Rajdhani

Offline

Gopinath Store

Lawrence 0.25 Road, Delhi

18

20

10

8 Oats

Quaker

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

66.4

20

10

9 Sabudana Vedaka

Online

Big Basket

-

Sonipat, Haryana

66.4

5

Offline

Gopinath Store

Lawrence 0.25 Road, Delhi

18

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Ghaziabad, 0.25 UP

40.5

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

66.4

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

66.4

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Lawrence 0.25 Road, Delhi

18

20

10

Manesar, Haryana

40

5

10 Dalia 11 Noodles 12 Poha 13 Popcorn 14 Sooji 15 Quinoa

Rajdhani Tops Rajdhani Good Life Rajdhani BigBasket

Online

Big Basket

-

Sangrur, 0.19 Punjab

264

20

6

White 16 Rice

India Gate

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Brown 17 Rice

Kohinoor

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Karnal, 0.19 Haryana

138

20

8

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

0.19 Dhar, MP

847

20

4

Offline

Tiwari Chakki

0.32

-

20

4

18 Vermicilli MTR Makki ka 19 atta

-

-

Pulses S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order 1 Rajma

24 Mantra

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Telangana

1500

20

4

31 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Kabuli 2 Channa

Tata sampan Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

3 Lobia

RB Enterprises

Offline

Gopinath Store

Naya Bazaar, 0.25 New Delhi

Kaale 4 Channe

Tata sampan Offline

Gopinath Store

Offline

5 Masoor Sabut 6 Masoor

RB Enterprises

Lal 7 Masoor

-

66.4

20

10

16

20

10

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

66.4

20

10

Gopinath Store

0.25

-

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Naya Bazaar, 0.25 New Delhi

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25

20

4

1500

20

4

16

20

10

66.4

20

10

16

20

10

-

-

16 -

8 Arhar

24 Mantra

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Telangana

Channe 9 ki Daal

RB Enterprises

Offline

Gopinath Store

Naya Bazaar, 0.25 New Delhi

Moong 10 Sabut

Tata sampan Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

Moong 11 Dhuli

RB Enterprises

Offline

Gopinath Store

Naya Bazaar, 0.25 New Delhi

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

66.4

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25

-

20

4

Urad 14 Chilka

Tata sampan Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

66.4

20

10

Urad 15 Dhuli

RB Enterprises

Offline

Gopinath Store

Naya Bazaar, 0.25 New Delhi

16

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Telangana

1500

20

4

Moong 12 Chilka

-

Urad 13 Sabut

-

16 Soyabean 24 Mantra

-

Masala & Spices S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist, Dist.(k First Second First Order (km) Second Order m) Order Order

Offline

Gopinath Store

Tigaon, Faridabad, 0.25 Harayana

MDH

Offline

Gopinath Store

MDH

Offline

Gopinath Store

Kitchen 1 King

MDH

Chat 2 Masala Chana 3 Masala

41

20

10

Kirti Nagar, 0.25 Delhi

13.7

20

10

Kirti Nagar, 0.25 Delhi

13.7

20

10

32 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Sambhar 4 Masala Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Umbergaon, 0.25 gujarat

1264

20

4

Coriander 5 Powder Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Umbergaon, 0.25 gujarat

1264

20

4

Turmeric 6 Powder Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Umbergaon, 0.25 gujarat

1264

20

4

Chilli 7 Powder

Offline

Gopinath Store

Umbergaon, 0.25 gujarat

1264

20

4

Pav Bhaji 8 Masala MDH

Offline

Gopinath Store

Kirti Nagar, 0.25 Delhi

13.6

20

10

Cinnamo 9 n Powder Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sonipat, 0.25 Hariyana

66.2

20

10

41

20

10

Everest

10 Jal Jeera

Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Tigaon, 0.25 Faridabad

11 Salt

Tata

Offline

Gopinath Store

Karnal.

0.25 Haryana

139

20

8

Offline

Gopinath Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.25 UP

65.1

20

10

13 Rock Salt NatureLand Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Sri Ganganagar, 0.19 Rajasthan

431

20

6

14 Ajwain

Offline

Gopinath Store

Lawrence 0.25 Road, Delhi

18

20

10

Medchal-Mel kajgiri, 0.25 Telangana

1535

20

4

1400

20

4

Rajma 12 Masala

Catch

Catch

15 Saunf

24 Mantra

Offline

Gopinath Store

16 Jeera

Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Ghatkopar, 0.25 Mumbai

Mustard 17 Seeds

Rajdhani

Offline

Gopinath Store

Lawrence 0.25 Road, Delhi

18

20

10

18 Hing

Catch

Offline

Gopinath Store

Lawrence 0.25 Road, Delhi

18

20

10

19 Saffron

Lion

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Kashmir

706

20

4

Methi 20 Seeds

Everest

Offline

Gopinath Store

Ghatkopar, 0.25 Mumbai

1400

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.25 UP

65.1

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Alleppey, 0.25 Kerala

2750

20

4

Dry Methi 21 Seeds 22 Oregano

Catch Keya

33 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Dry Mango 23 Powder

Catch

Dry 24 Ginger

Everest

25 Cloves

24 Mantra

Cardamo 26 m Catch

27 Cinamon 24 Mantra Black 28 Pepper

24 Mantra

Coriander 29 Seeds Everest

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Offline

Gopinath Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.25 UP

65.1

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Ghatkopar, 0.25 Mumbai

1400

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Medchal-Mel kajgiri, 0.25 Telangana

1535

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.25 UP

65.1

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Medchal-Mel kajgiri, 0.25 Telangana

1535

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Medchal-Mel kajgiri, 0.25 Telangana

1535

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Ghatkopar, 0.25 Mumbai

1400

20

4

Dairy Products S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dis. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order 1 Ghee

Mother Dairy

Offline

Mother Dairy

Karnal, 0.22 Haryana

2 Milk

Mother Dairy

Offline

Mother Dairy

3 Yogurt

Mother Dairy

Offline

4 Butter

Mother Dairy

Cheese 5 Slices

150

20

8

0.22 Hapur, UP

70

20

10

Mother Dairy

0.22 Hapur, UP

70

20

10

Offline

Mother Dairy

Patel Nagar, 0.22 Delhi

13.4

20

10

Mother Dairy

Offline

Mother Dairy

Pune, 0.22 Maharashtra

1410

20

4

6 Paneer

Mother Dairy

Offline

Mother Dairy

0.22 Etawah, UP

324

20

6

Milk 7 Powder

Nestle

Offline

Gopinath Store

Moga, 0.25 Punjab

378

20

6

Oil

34 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

S. No.

Product

Brand

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Mustard 1 Oil

Fortune

Offline

Gopinath Store

Bundi, 0.25 Rajasthan

2 Olive Oil Borges

Offline

Gopinath Store

Offline

Gopinath Store

Offline

Vinod Store

Offline

Gopinath Store

Refined Soyabean 3 Oil Fortune 4 Til Oil Almond 5 Oil

KPL Shama

464

20

6

Tarrega, 0.25 Spain

6850

20

4

Kutch, 0.25 gujarat

1200

20

4

Thrissur, 0.2 Kerela

2630

20

4

Patparganj, 0.25 Delhi

19.6

20

10

Instant Mix S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Dhokla Instant 1 Mix

15 No.

Idli Instant 2 Mix

MTR

Chinese Manchuri 3 an Knorr

Offline

Vinod Store

Khari Baoli, 0.2 Delhi

16.5

20

10

Offline

Vinod Store

Bangalore, 0.2 Karnataka

2157

20

4

1252

5

Online

Big Basket

-

Sinnar, Nashik, Maharashtra

Condiments S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Online

Big Basket

-

Patiala, Punjab

285

5

Mayonna 2 ise Funfoods

Online

Big Basket

-

Jaipur, Rajasthan

265

5

Schezwa 3 n sauce Chings

Offline

Vinod Store

Panipat, 0.2 Haryana

117

20

1 Ketchup

Kissan

8

35 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Breakfast Cereals S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Cornflake 1 s Kelloges

Offline

Gopinath Store

2 Muesli

Kelloges

Online

Big Basket -

Brand

Mode

Chittor, Andhra 0.25 Pradesh Raigad, Maharashtra

2163

20

1450

5

4

Beverages S. No.

Product

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order 1 Coffee

Bru

Offline

Gopinath Store

2 Tea

Tata

Offline

Gopinath Store

Green 3 Tea

Twinnings

Offline

Vinod Store

4 Sharbat

Roohafza

Offline

Gopinath Store

Offline

Vinod Store

5 Glucon-D KraftHeinz Iced Tea 6 Mix Nestle

Offline

Vinod Store

Cocoa 7 Powder

Offline

Gopinath Store

Hersheys

Mysore, 0.25 Karnataka 0.25 -

20

4

20

10

2500

20

4

40.5

20

10

Udhamsingh Nagar, 0.2 Uttrakhand

270

20

6

Udhamsingh Nagar, 0.2 Uttrakhand

270

20

6

Surendernaga 0.25 r, gujarat

1000

20

4

0.2 China Ghaziabad, 0.25 UP

2250

Disposables S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Aluminiu 1 m foil Freshwrap 2 Napkin

Berry

Offline

Vinod Store

Nagpur, 0.25 Maharashtra

Offline

Vinod Store

Faridabad, 0.25 Haryana

1054

20

4

29

20

10

36 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Garbage 3 Bag

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Home Mate Online

BigBasket

-

Bangalore, Karnataka

2157

5

Snacks S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order 1 Namkeen Aloo 1 Bhujiya

2 Dal Moth

3 All in One

20

10

Gopinath Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.25 UP

65.1

20

10

Offline

Gopinath Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.25 UP

65.1

20

10

Offline

Vinod Store

Gautam Budh Nagar, 0.2 UP

65.1

20

10

20

10

Offline

2 Biscuit Tiger 1 Krunch

Offline

Gopinath Store

Alwar, 0.25 Rajasthan

20

10

2 Milk Bikis

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Gwalior, MP

20

10

3 Nutri Choice Offline

Gopinath Store

Rudrapur, 0.25 Uttrakhand

255

20

6

4 Chocobakes Offline

Gopinath Store

Patiala, 0.25 Punjab

285

20

6

265

20

6

3 Noodles

Maggi

Offline

Vinod Store

Pantnagar, 0.2 Uttrakhand

Miscellaneous S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order 1 Bread

Harvest

Offline

Sindhi Bakery

Sonipat, 0.25 Haryana

2 Sugar

Trust

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 -

Baking 3 Powder

Rex

Offline

Vinod Store

Nashik, 0.2 Maharashtra

66.4

1237

20

10

20

10

20

4

37 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

4 Rusk

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Shan Bakery Offline

Gopinath Store

Kissan

Vinod Store

Offline

Okhla, New 0.25 Delhi

13.5

20

10

Una, Himachal 0.2 Pradesh

383

20

6

Vinod Store

Raisen, Madhya 0.2 Pradesh

761

20

4

Parle Cheeselings Offline

Vinod Store

Raigarh, 0.2 Maharashtra

1450

20

4

Dabur

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Baddi, HP

309

20

6

Chawanp 8 rash Dabur

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Baddi, HP

309

20

6

9 Dates

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 UAE

2200

20

4

Offline

Gopinath Store

Indore, Madhya 0.25 Pradesh

820

20

4

5 Jam Tomato 6 Puree

7 Honey

Soya 10 Chunks

Mother Dairy

Al Shaffa

Nutrela

Offline

Dry Fruits S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order

1 Almonds

2 Walnut

3 Raisins Cashewn 4 ut

5 Figs

6 Apricots

-

-

-

-

-

-

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

38 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

7 Pistacho

-

8 Dates

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

-

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

Offline

Khari Baoli, Delhi

16.5

-

-

12

4

1b BATHROOM AND ASSOCIATED PRODUCTS

Oral Hygiene S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Toothbrus 1 h Oral-B

Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

Aurangabad, 0.25 Maharashtra

Toothpast 2 e Colgate

Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

Mouthwa 3 sh Listerine

Offline Offline

4 Floss

Oral-B

1255

20

4

0.25 Solan, HP

315

20

6

Kendriya Bhandar

Banglore, 0.19 Karnataka

2157

20

4

Apollo Pharmacy

0.25

-

-

20

Bath & Body S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Shower 1 Gel

Nivea

Online

Amazon

-

Ahmedabad, Gujrat

932

5

Face 2 Wash

Clean Clear

Online

Amazon

-

Solan, HP

315

5

Face 3 Scrub

Everyuth

Online

Amazon

-

Mamring, Sikkim

1527

5

Dettol

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sitaganj, 0.25 Uttrakhand

366

20

6

Shampoo TreSemme

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Haridwar, 0.19 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Condition er TreSemme

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Haridwar, 0.19 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Loofah

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25

-

20

4

Soap

Vega

&

-

39 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Antisepti c Suthol

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

0.19 Kolkata, WB

1514

20

4

Hand Hygiene S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Handwas h Apollo

Sanitizer Miniso

Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

0.25 Sirmour, HP

280

20

6

Offline

Ambience Mall, Vasant Kunj

Haridwar, 5.4 Uttrakhand

233

14

6

Hair Care S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Cocounut Oil Parachute

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Pogalur, 0.19 Tamil Nadu

2508

20

4

Hot Oil

Parachute

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Dehradun, 0.19 Uttrakhand

255

20

6

Hair Serum

Sesa

Offline

Gopinath Store

Dhaulakuan, 0.25 MP

266

20

6

Skin Care S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order Moisturiz ing Cream Nivea

Online

Amazon

-

Ahmedabad, Gujrat

932

5

Ponds

Online

Amazon

-

Haridwar, Uttrakhand

233

5

Sunscree n Biotique

Online

Amazon

-

Sirmour, HP

280

5

Lip Balm Nivea

Online

Amazon

-

-

Aloevera Gel Patanjali

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Dehradun, 0.19 Uttrakhand

255

20

6

40 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Talcum Powder

Amway

Online

Amazon

-

Facial Bleach

VLCC

Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

Face Mask

Khadi

Offline

Khadi Bhandar

Solan, HP

315

5

Haridwar, 0.25 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Rajakhedi, 2.5 MP

654

16

4

Makeup Products S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order BB cream Garnier Foundati on Ponds

Online Online

Amazon Nykka

-

Roorkee, Uttrakhand

187

5

-

Haridwar, Uttrakhand

233

5

233

5

Mascara

Lakme

Online

Nykka

-

Haridwar, Uttrakhand

Lipstick

NYX

Online

Nykka

-

China

2500

5

Maybelline

Online

Nykka

-

China

2500

5

5.4

Raigarh, Maharashtra

1450

14

Nail Polish

Miniso

Offline

Ambience Mall, Vasant Kunj

Kajal

Lakme

Online

Nykka

-

Haridwar, Uttrakhand

233

5

Eyeliner

Lakme

Online

Nykka

-

Haridwar, Uttrakhand

233

5

4

Tools S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km)) Second Order (km) Order Order Comb Brush

Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

0.25 -

-

20

4

Scarlet Line Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

0.25 -

-

20

4

Vega

Household Cleaning Supply S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source

Points Scored

41 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Dist.

Dist. First Second First Order (km) Second Order (km) Order Order 1 Wiper

Ajay Hygiene

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

0.19

-

-

20

4

2 Broom

Ajay hygiene

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

0.19

-

-

20

4

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

0.19

-

-

20

4

Detergent 4 Powder Surf Excel

Offline

Gopinath Store

Balanagar, 0.25 Telangana

1660

20

4

Detergent 5 Liquid Surf Excel

Offline

Gopinath Store

Balanagar, 0.25 Telangana

1660

20

4

Detergent 6 Bar Rin

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Haridwar, 0.19 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Air 7 Freshener Godrej Aer

Offline

Gopinath Store

0.25 Solan, HP

315

20

6

Offline

Gopinath Store

Dadra & 0.25 Nagar Haveli

1242

20

4

Offline

Apollo Pharmacy

0.25 Solan, HP

315

20

6

Bathroom 10 Cleaner Harpic

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sitaganj, 0.25 Uttrakhand

366

20

6

All purpose 11 Cleaner

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sitaganj, 0.25 Uttrakhand

366

20

6

Offline

Gopinath Store

Sitaganj, 0.25 Uttrakhand

366

20

6

Dishwash 13 ing Scrub Vim

Offline

Gopinath Store

Haridwar, 0.25 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Dishwash ing 14 Liquid Vim

Offline

Gopinath Store

Haridwar, 0.25 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Dishwash 15 ing Bar Patanjali

Offline

Kendriya Bhandar

Haridwar, 0.19 Uttrakhand

233

20

6

Score Achieved

17.4

6.6

Wash 3 Cloth

Fabric 8 Softener Floor 9 Cleaner

-

Comfort Apollo

Colin

Disinfect ant 12 Liquid Dettol

WATER

FIRST ORDER

Source

Location

Delhi Jal Board (DJB) Overhead Tank

Sector 3, R. K. Puram, New

Distance (km) Points Scored 0.3

20

42 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Delhi SECOND ORDER

-

THIRD ORDER

-

River Yamuna

-

Delhi

13

20

FURNITURE & FURNISHING S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source First Order

1 Sofa Set Center 2 Table Shoe 3 Rack

4 TV unit

Study 5 Table Book 6 Rack

Dining 7 Table 8 Bed Set

-

Offline

Grover Furnitur e Offline

-

-

-

-

-

Kirti Nagar

Points Scored

Distance Second Distance First (km) Order (km) Order

Second Order

13.7

-

-

3

3.5

-

-

4

Sarojini Nagar

Kotla Mubarak 0 pur

Offline

Home

Offline

Panchku ian Furnitur e Market

12

-

-

3

Offline

Panchku ian Furnitur e Market

12

-

-

3

Offline

Home

Offline

Panchku ian Furnitur e Market

Offline

Kirti Nagar

6.6

Kotla Mubarak 0 pur

6.6

0

0

12

-

-

3

13.7

-

-

3

3.5

-

-

4

Dressing 9 Table

Grover Furnitur e Offline

Sarojini Nagar

Wooden 10 Almirah

UrbanLa dder Online

UrbanLa dder

-

-

-

2.5

Steel 11 Almirah

Godrej

Offline

Kirti Nagar

13.7

-

-

3

Offline

Kotla Mubarak pur

6.6

-

-

3.5

Ahuja

2.5

2.5

43 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Sonakshi Sharma

Sofa cum 12 Bed

Panchku ian Furnitur e Market

12

Munirka

Greater 2.5 Noida

Offline

Faridaba d

29

-

-

2.5

Offline

Panchku ian Furnitur e Market

12

-

-

3

-

Plastic 13 Chairs

Offline

Neelgag an Offline

Folding 14 Stools

-

Computer 15 Table

-

-

-

3 44

Score Achieved

4

2.8

2.5

2.5

CLOTHING S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source First Order

Points Scored

Distanc Second Distanc First e (km) Order e (km) Order

Second Order

1 Tops

Offline

Ambien ce Mall, Vasant Kunj

5.4

Banglad esh

1400

7

2

Offline

Ambien ce Mall, Vasant Kunj

5.4

Vietnam

3500

7

2

Pantalo iii ons Offline

South Ex. Market

7.4

India

-

7

2

Westsid iv e Offline

South Ex. Market

7.4

India

-

7

2

Lakshit i a Offline

South Ex. Market

7.4

India

-

7

2

ii Khadi

South Ex. Market

7.4

India

-

7

2

i H&M

ii Uniqlo

2 Kurtas

Offline

44 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Online

Flipkart

-

Banglad esh

1400

5

2

Offline

Ambien ce Mall, Vasant Kunj

5.4

Banglad esh

1400

7

2

Offline

Ambien ce Mall, Vasant Kunj

5.4

Vietnam

3500

7

2

Pantalo iii ons Offline

South Ex. Market

7.4

India

-

7

2

Westsid iv e Offline

South Ex. Market

7.4

India

-

7

2

7.4

Ludhian a, Punjab

325

7

3

325

7

3

iii Aurelia

3 Jeans

i H&M

ii Uniqlo

WInterw 4 ear Monte i Carlo

ii Duke

iii H&M

iv Uniqlo

Offline

South Ex. Market

Offline

South Ex. Market

7.4

Ludhian a, Punjab

Offline

Ambien ce Mall, Vasant Kunj

5.4

Banglad esh

-

7

2

Offline

Ambien ce Mall, Vasant Kunj

5.4

Vietnam

-

7

2

6.9

2.1

Score Achieved

INFRASTRUCTURE 6a TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY

First Order Metro Station

R.K. Puram (Magenta Line)

Points Scored 0.6

9

45 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

New Delhi Railway Station

12.8

6

Old Delhi Railway Station

17.3

6

Bus Stop

Sector-3, R.K. Puram

0.35

10

Airport

Indira Gandhi International Airport

13.2

6

Railway Station

6b OTHERS EDUCATION

First Order

Points Scored

Nur-Class 12th

Apeejay School

Sheikh Sarai, New Delhi

8

7

Graduation

Jamia Millia Islamia

Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi

14

6

COMMERCIAL

First Order

Points Scored

Primary Local Market

Sector-3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

0.2

10

Sarojini Nagar Secondary Market

Sarojini Nagar, New Delhi

3.3

8

Nelson Mandela Marg, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi

5.4

7

Ambience Mall, Tertiary Vasant Kunj FIRE STATION Delhi Fire Station

First Order Bhikaji Kama Place

POLICE STATION R. K. Puram

1.7 First Order

Sector 12

POST OFFICE

Post Office

Points Scored

Points Scored 2.2

First Order Sector-3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

PETROL PUMP

9

8 Points Scored

0.15 First Order

10 Points Scored

Indian Oil

Sector-5, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

0.9

9

Indian Oil

Gamal Abdeel

1.5

9

46 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Naseer Marg BANK

First Order

Points Scored

State Bank of India

West Block, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

1.2

9

Syndicate Bank

Sector-5, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

0.9

9

RELIGIOUS

Shiv Mandir

First Order Sector-3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

Points Scored

0.37

10 Score Achieved

8.9

RECREATIONAL S.No.

First Order (km) Points Scored

01 MCD Community Center

Sector-3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

02 DDA District Park

Hauz Khas, New Delhi

03 Sangam Movie Theatre

Sector-9, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

Ambience Mall, Vasant 04 Kunj

Nelson Mandela Marg, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi

0.15

5

0.6

4.5

2

4.5

5.4

3.5

Score Achieved

4.2

ELECTRONICS S. No

.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source First Order

Distance Second (km) Order

Points Scored Distance (km)

First Second Order Order

Samsung Offline

South Ex Market

6

-

-

3.5

2 Chimney

Kaff

Offline

Yusuf Sarai Market

6

-

-

3.5

3 Air Fryer

Philips

Offline

Amazon

-

-

2.5

1 Microwave

-

47 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

4 Geyser

Crompto n Online

Amazon

-

-

-

2.5

Food 5 Processor

Havells

Offline

Amazon

-

-

-

2.5

6 Juicer

Philips

Offline

Amazon

-

-

-

2.5

7 Hot kettle

-

Offline

-

-

-

-

2.5

Offline

South Ex Market

-

-

3.5

Online

HP, New York, USA

8 Refrigerator Hitachi

9 Laptop

Hp Omen

6

11850 China

2500

1

1

Whirlpo ol Offline

Yusuf Sarai Market

6

-

-

3.5

11 Television

Sony

South Ex Market

6

-

-

3.5

12 Radio

Saregam a Carawan Online

Amazon

-

-

-

2.5

13 Hair Dryer

Havells

Online

Amazon

-

-

-

2.5

Hair 14 Straightener Philips

Online

Amazon

-

-

-

2.5

Online

Apple, NY, USA

11850 China

2500

1

1

11850 China

2500

1

1

2500

3.5

1

Washing 10 Machine

15 Phone

Apple

Offline

16 Charger

Apple

Online

Apple, NY, USA

18 Air Filter

MI

Online

Amazon

6 China

Sewing 19 Machine

Usha Janome

Offline

Sarojini Nagar

4

-

-

4

Offline

South Ex Market

6

-

-

3.5

Sympho ny Offline

Yusuf Sarai Market

6

-

-

3.5

Kent

Yusuf Sarai Market

6

-

-

3.5

Air 20 Conditioner

21 Cooler Water 22 Purifier

Hitachi

Offline

48 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

23 Iron

Philips

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Offline

Mohan Singh Market, Sec-6, RK Puram

1.6

-

-

4.5

Score Achieved

2.9

1.0

MISC Household Cleaning Supply S. No.

Product

Brand

Mode

Source First Order

Points Scored

Distance Second (km) Order

Distance (km)

First Second Order Order

1 Wiper

Ajay Hygiene Offline

Kendriy a Bhandar

2 Broom

Ajay hygiene Offline

Kendriy a Bhandar

0.19

-

-

5

Kendriy a Bhandar

0.19

-

-

5

Gopinat h Store

Balanag ar, Telangan 0.25 a

1660

5

1

Offline

Gopinat h Store

Balanag ar, Telangan 0.25 a

1660

5

1

Offline

Kendriy a Bhandar

Haridwa r, Uttrakha 0.19 nd

233

5

1.5

Offline

Gopinat h Store

Solan, 0.25 HP

315

5

1.5

Fabric 8 Softener Comfort Offline

Gopinat h Store

Dadra & Nagar 0.25 Haveli

1242

5

1

Floor 9 Cleaner

Apollo Pharmac y

Solan, 0.25 HP

315

5

1.5

Wash 3 Cloth

-

Detergen Surf 4 t Powder Excel

Detergen Surf 5 t Liquid Excel

Detergen 6 t Bar Rin Air Freshene Godrej 7 r Aer

Apollo

Offline

Offline

Offline

0.19

-

-

5

49 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Bathroo m 10 Cleaner Harpic

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Sonakshi Sharma

Offline

Gopinat h Store

Sitaganj, Uttrakha 0.25 nd

366

5

1.5

Offline

Gopinat h Store

Sitaganj, Uttrakha 0.25 nd

366

5

1.5

Offline

Gopinat h Store

Sitaganj, Uttrakha 0.25 nd

366

5

1.5

Gopinat h Store

Haridwa r, Uttrakha 0.25 nd

233

5

1.5

Offline

Gopinat h Store

Haridwa r, Uttrakha 0.25 nd

233

5

1.5

Dishwas 15 hing Bar Patanjali Offline

Kendriy a Bhandar

Haridwa r, Uttrakha 0.19 nd

233

5

1.5

5.0

1.4

All purpose 11 Cleaner Colin Disinfect ant 12 Liquid Dettol Dishwas hing 13 Scrub Vim Dishwas hing 14 Liquid Vim

Offline

Score Achieved

WORKPLACE

Points Scored First Order

SDMC Primary Co-Edu School

Sector 3, R. K. Puram, New Delhi

0.2 Score Achieved

10 10.0

References Geddes, Patrick. Patrick Geddes: Spokesman for Man and the Environment: A Selection.

Rutgers University Press, 1972.

Geddes, Patrick. Cities in evolution: an introduction to the town planning movement and to the study of civics. London, Williams, 1915.

Hotelling, Harold. "The economics of exhaustible resources." Journal of political Economy 39.2 (1931): 137-175.

Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The social value of shared resources. Oxford University Press, 2012.

50 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia

Seminar: Indian Habitat

Sonakshi Sharma

B. Arch 4 th Year (Day) 2020-21

Armstrong, Robert A., and Richard McGehee. "Coexistence of species competing for shared resources." Theoretical population biology 9.3 (1976): 317-328.

51 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Jamia Millia Islamia