Pedagogical Techniques for Computer Mediated Comunication

Pedagogical Techniques for Computer Mediated Comunication

What about it‌?

By Teresa Rafael

Teaching online for the first time is a little like trying to drive a car in a foreign country. You know how to drive, just like you know how to teach, but it sure is hard to get the hang of driving on the left side of the road … you’re not quite sure how far a kilometer is … and darn it if those road signs aren’t all in Japanese.

An insider’s guide to teaching and learning in the online classroom http://www.facultyfocus.com/free-report/principles-of-effective-online-teaching-best-practices-in-distance-education/

Traditional college classroom/Online classroom

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In the traditional college classroom today, faculty and students arrive with a set of expectations, shaped largely by past experiences.

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In the online classroom, an entirely new set of variables enters the equation. Variables that, if not managed properly, can lead to frustration and an overall bad experience for teacher and learner.

The use of computer mediated Communication (CMC) in distance education

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has increased exponentially

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can bring learners to knowledge and knowledge to learners

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can be used successfully for distance education

Efficient pedagogical methods for CMC 

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The nature and characteristics of the changes brought about by CMC place crucial responsibilities upon education professionals

The need to try to understand these phenomena as forms of thinking-doing from pedagogical (teaching methodologies) and didactical (teaching practices and techniques) perspectives, is as urgent today as it was in previous decades

http://www.ufpi.br/mesteduc/Revista/N%2013/artigo4.pdf

Its necessary find efficient pedagogical methods for CMC courses to increase performance 

Quality online teaching 

reflects the attributes of any effective teaching, whether in the traditional classroom or online.

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Both traditional classroom teachers and online teachers need to know their subjects and how to teach them.

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They also must know their students, stay up to date in their subject areas, manage and monitor students’ academic progress to ensure success.

Computer mediated teaching strategies

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Each prospective learner needs to feel as an integral part of the learning community by accepting his/her contributions, and directly responding to each of these contributions.

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Instead of adopting a unilateral instructional strategy, maintaining the pulpit posture, instructors need to depend upon amore Socratic style.

Computer mediated teaching strategies

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merely seem to eliminate spatial distance, because space is reinterpreted and transformed into educational benefits. ď Ž

It becomes contexts in which information, production, collaboration, and assistance become possible (PAQUETTE,1998).

Computer-Mediated Communication (Cmc)

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Transmission and reception of messages using computers as input, storage, output, and routing devices.

CMC includes information retrieval, electronic mail, bulletin boards, and computer conferencing

Computer mediated teaching strategies ď Ž

How to most effectively get CMC as an intermediating forum for helping develop a learning process that is socially integrative of diverse groups is another point of reference whose importance must be seriously considered.

mediated teaching strategies Computer

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Diversity, principally based upon cultural factors, becomes crucial when we remember that this phenomenon and its varied consequences, most meaningfully define today’s educational systems and processes.

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Several studies have reported cases related to the use of blogs to promote student collaboration and reflection

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Some researchers also have promoted 

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the use of wikis for online student collaboration, podcasting for instructional use

Process of adult education 

Verner(1964, 35) discussed three components constituting the process of adult education: 

organizing people for learning,

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helping the participants to learn,

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selecting from the multitude of devices available ... to facilitate the operation of the first two.

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These three components are identified as methods, techniques,and devices

Principles of Effective Online Teaching:

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Show Up and Teach

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Think Before You Write

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Practice Proactive Course Management Strategies

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Help Maintain Forward Progress

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Establish Patterns of Course Activities

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Safe and Secure

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Quality Counts

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(Double) Click a Mile on My Connection

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Plan for the Unplanned Response Requested and Expected

Students appreciate regular communication and timely feedback on their progress.

About Teaching Online 

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It’s a lot of work.

Feedback helps students know what their strengths and weaknesses Many great tools exist but aren't always necessary.

Assignments and activities take more time online.

Students need extrinsic motivation.

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Give deadlines.

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Online courses are not right for all students.

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Ask students what works and what doesn't.

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Share ideas, collaborate, and commiserate about the online teaching experience.

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Teaching online can inform what you do in the classroom if you have opportunities to teach both online and classroom-based courses.

http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=best_practices&article=57-1

A pedagogical technique is a manner of accomplishing teaching objectives.

The techniques are organized according to the four communication paradigms used in computer-mediated communication. information retrieval  electronic mail  bulletin boards computer conferencing.

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Overview of Possible Pedagogical CMC Techniques Rekkedal and Paulsen (1989)

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Distribution of information

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Two-way communication between tutor/counsellor/administration and student

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An alternative to face-to-face teaching, introduction of group discussion and project work

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The public tutorial

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Peer counselling

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Free flow discussion

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The library

Overview of Possible Pedagogical CMC Techniques 

Seminars

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Small group discussions

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Learning partnerships and dyads

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Small working groups

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Team presentations/moderating by the learners

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Simulations or role plays

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Debating teams

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Peer learning groups

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Informal socializing: the online cafe

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Mutual assistence for help

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Access to additional educational resources

Harasim (1991 and 1992)

Overview of Possible Pedagogical CMC Techniques McCreary and Van Duren (1987)

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The notice board.

2. The public tutorial.

3. The individual project.

4. Free flow discussion..

5. The structured seminar.

6. Peer counselling.

7. Collective database.

8. Group product.

9. Community decision making.

10. Inter-community networking.

Overview of Possible Pedagogical CMC Techniques Kaye (1992)

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The virtual seminar

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The online classroom

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Online games and simulations

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Computer-supported writing and language learning

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Multi-media distance education adjunct

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Lecture-room adjunct

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The education utility

Techniques classification According to how the techniques prescribe student interaction with learning resources

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one-alone one-to-one one-to-many many-to-many

One-alone Techniques

Online applications

Online journals

Software libraries

Interviews

Software libraries Online interest groups

One-to-one Techniques Apprenticeships

Correspondence Studies

Learning contracts

Internships

One-to-many Techniques

Lectures

Symposiums

Skits

Many-to-many Techniques Debates

Simulations or games

Role Plays

Case studies

Transcript based assignments

Discussion groups

Delphi Techniques

Brainstorming Nominal group techniques

Forums Project groups

Techniques that have been found effective online

Small working groups..

Learning partnerships and dyads

Team presentations/ moderating by the learners.

Debating teams Simulations or role plays

Small group discussions

Peer learning groups Mutual assist for help

Access to additional educational resources

Seminars Informal socializing

Simon Fraser University, Harasim (1991 and 1992)

Distance educators challenges 

Today’s distance educators face unique challenges that require a willingness to experiment with different teaching strategies :

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What is considered “reasonable” student access to online faculty members?

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What criteria should be used when conducting online peer reviews of faculty teaching?

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What type of instructional strategies can online teachers use to humanize the educational process?

New opportunities… and so?

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Educators around the world are experimenting with and laying the foundation for new opportunities for learners to access education through connections and technologies that did not exist 10 years ago. How will these new options affect our understanding of the educational process?

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What provisions should we be making now to prepare ourselves and our students to use this new technology of CMC in the most pedagogically sound and cost effective ways?

Online information about distance education 

Online information about distance education comes from many sources and is available in many forms.

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Effective design is essential to the success of an online course.

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Moderators should identify their preferred pedagogical styles, based on their philosophical orientation, their chosen moderator roles, and their preferred facilitation techniques. Paulsen assigns the moderator role three functions:   

the organizational, the social, the intellectual.

Various computer-based media ď Ž

Email, electronic bulletin boards, video conferencing, etc. are new communication media.

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How do these various computerbased media influence knowledge communication?

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Computer-mediated knowledge communication may be facilitated by choosing the most adequate medium for the individual scenario and by adapting the media interfaces to the specific knowledge communication purpose.

References

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http://promitheas.iacm.forth.gr/i-curriculum/restricted/Docs/Teaching/Muirhead.pdf http://www.ibiblio.org/cmc/mag/1995/apr/berge.html http://web.archive.org/web/20000817200012/http://www.hs.nki.no/~morten/cmcped.htm http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/263/1/FB_155.pdf http://www.nettskolen.com/forskning/19/cmcped.html http://c4lpt.co.uk/handbook/examples.html http://www.nettskolen.com/forskning/22/icdepenn.htm http://www.emoderators.com/moderators/flcc.html http://www.ead.fea.usp.br/paedist/ONLINEPAP.htm

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http://www.tec.hkr.se/~chen/webresources/cmcined.html

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Made by Teresa Rafael UA - December 2009