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table of contents letter from the editor preserving pitt’s poetics

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point-counterpoint: Campus firearms

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accommodating students with disabilities 6 donor engagement

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parents at pitt

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pitt’s union push

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Adaptive sports at pitt

online

Gentrification’s Consequences

online

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If you haven’t already gathered this from the size 72 Bebas Neue text on the front page, we have devoted this academic year’s final issue to big issues — topics that are defining our generation, our city and our University.

This means we’re telling you why your professors are fighting for a union, how Pitt is carving out a home for black poets and what it’s like living at Pitt for your classmates with disabilities. To know the other topics, turn the page and zoom out with us.

That’s not to say we fit every big issue in this paper — you all need to buy ads to make that possible. So for more of our enterprise stories — including the state of health care for transgender students at Pitt and our ongoing coverage of #BlackLivesMatter and the Fight for 15 — find us at pittnews.com.

Trust me, I know thinking and reading, even breathing, might seem hard this week, and handing in Beyonce’s visual album, Lemonade, as your thesis totally seems like an A-plus idea. But struggle through it, practice some selfcare and browse the paper we wrote instead of writing yours.

Thank you for reading, and thank you for letting me bring you the news for four years.

Signing off forever-ever, Danielle Fox Editor-in-Chief

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Black art matters: Pitt founds center on black poetry Amanda Reed Staff Writer

With the Center for African American Poetry and Poetics, Dawn Lundy Martin wants to make Pitt the place people go to study black poetry.

“We want to help to really put that MFA program on the map so that if you’re a black poet, the very first place that you would apply to and your top choice would be the University of Pittsburgh,” Lundy Martin said. “Right now, that’s not true.”

Pitt English professor Lundy Martin is co-founder and co-director of the CAAPP, which Pitt launched in March as a creative think tank for African-American and African diasporic poets and artists. Located on the fourth floor of the Cathedral of Learning, the Center records Pitt’s history as a home for black poetry and charts its future as a leader in the dialogue.

The first of its kind, the center started out as just a possibility over round-table conversation.

Don Bialostosky, chair of the English department, took Lundy Martin, Terrance Hayes and Yona Harvey out for coffee to discuss the best way to celebrate having the trio — all award-winning African-American poets — on faculty.

“In that brainstorming, I just blurted out this possibility. I said, ‘What if we were to think big, what if we were to start something like the Center for African American Poetry and Poetics?’ And then we all realized that that was the right idea,” Lundy Martin said.

Bialostosky proposed the idea at the end of the fall to John Cooper, Dean of Arts and Sciences. Cooper immediately said yes.

“We really didn’t have to make an argument,” Lundy Martin said.

Although the title is African American Poetry and Poetics, the Center covers the whole diaspora.

“African-American poetry is perhaps the most vibrant and powerful area of poetry in America today, and thinking about its poetics, the ideas that shape it, with po-

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ets and scholars both is an important opportunity to understand and to foster it,” Bialostosky said.

The Center’s faculty will help students and community members unpack black poetics’ investigations into historical, artistic and social movements such as Black Lives Matter and the Harlem Renaissance, and how they impact the present day.

“In light of recent events in Ferguson, New York and Baltimore that have once again revealed systematic police violence against African-Americans, this opportunity to offer a public venue to present the artistic engagement of poets could not be more timely or powerful,” said co-founder and co-director Hayes in a March press release for the Center’s event, “Poetry and Race in America.”

At the “Poetry and Race” event, Hayes, who received his MFA at Pitt, described the Center as a cultural creative think tank for poetics in “all things American, all things African, all things in that little hyphen.”

Before the Center, Pitt supported African-American poets and artists through the Cave Canem Foundation, an organization dedicated to cultivating the artistic and professional growth of African-American poets.

Professor emeritus Toi Derricotte, whose first book was published by University of Pittsburgh Press editor Ed Ochester, and poet Cornelius Eady founded the organization in 1996.

Ochester was honored in March’s “Poetry and Race” event for his service as editor of the Pitt Poetry Series, in which he has published many African-American poets, beginning in 1979. Ochester is credited for publishing black poets such as Derricotte, Afaa Michael Weaver, Nate Marshall and Ross Gay. “Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of American poetry in recent years is the prominence, quality and diversity of the work of African-American poets,” Ochester said in a release for the event.

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Illustration by Michelle Reagle Cave Canem’s writing retreat is hosted at the Greensburg campus, and many poets who have participated in the retreat have gone on to win awards such as the National Book Award and the Pushcart Prize, including Elizabeth Alexander, Nikky Finney and Tracy K. Smith.

At the “Race and Poetry in America” panel, Derricotte recounted how she had not read a black poet in her entire educational career from grade school to graduate school, which made it hard for her to imagine becoming a poet.

“When I look here and see all of the books I didn’t have then and all the family that I didn’t have then, it was a lonely world for me as a black poet, and now I can just go to my bookshelf and I have all of these great poets to read,” Derricotte said.

In addition to the panel, CAAPP has held the Hayes-moderated “Poetry and Race: How the Humanities Engage with Social Problems,” which the Kelly StraySee Poetry on page 17

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Trigger warning: Guns on Pitt’s campus Concealed danger?

Concealed defense?

Kirsten Wong

Marlo Safi

Columnist

Assistant Opinions Editor

Students have a right to defend themselves when a gun-related event occurs on campus.

There are lethal consequences to allowing firearms on college campuses.

It only takes a matter of seconds for a gun and a dark moment of impulsivity to end a life.

With media reports of mass shootings across America increasing, state legislators are re-examining gun laws and campus carry policies.

In 2015, there were 23 campus shootings in the United States. Ten people died in October at Umpqua Community College and a student accidentally shot himself at Beaver County Community College — right in Pitt’s backyard. These tragic events have some legislators pushing to allow concealed carry weapons on campuses so students can defend themselves in the event of a shooting.

But mass shootings are not the reason universities should keep guns off their campuses. When we account for the different forms of violence that firearms can introduce into communities, guns will not make us safer.

With more firearms available on campus, a whole new set of issues could arise with longterm ramifications including more suicide attempts, aggravated assaults and accidental shootings.

When mass shootings attract national attention, it is important to prevent fear from overcoming the sensible gun restrictions that make college campuses among the safest environments for students.

Instead of jumping to conclusions in having more firearms available, we can be strengthening security and campus police services, and investing heavily in mental health services to ensure safe college campuses.

In 23 states, including Pennsylvania, colleges or universities individually decide whether to ban or allow concealed carry weapons on campuses.

Pitt — along with the overwhelming majority of public universities — does not allow any firearms or concealed weapons on campus.

Despite mass shootings appearing in the media, the gun violence rate on campuses has remained much lower than the national average of gun-related crimes.

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Illustration by Terry Tan Compared to communities surrounding campuses, on-campus grounds are much more safe, protected by the gun restrictions on most college campuses.

Given the low reports of crime at our University, having more guns available on campus would do more harm than good for our students.

While Second Amendment rights activists proudly tout the Constitution to prove their point, we need to examine whether having guns on campus is really going to lead to a safer society.

Proclaiming a right to self-defense seems to speak more about individuals’ need for power and control than it does about the collective safety of the campus.

Even the potential for concealed guns on campus is enough to bring more fear and anxiSee Wong on page 8

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n the event of a shooting, students in nine states can legally have more than just the books in their bags to protect themselves.

But in the remaining 41 states, students who have concealed carry permits are either lucky enough to live in a state that lets schools decide, or unfortunate enough to live in a state that automatically makes them an easy target.

In Pennsylvania, universities and colleges make the call. Of the 18 state colleges in Pennsylvania, only six permit students who are 21 and over to carry concealed guns on campus.

Pitt is not one of those schools.

As a gun owner and fervent Second Amendment proponent, I see universities’ prohibiting of concealed weapons as more than just the curtailment of our liberties as Americans. It’s an infringement upon our rights as humans to pro-

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tect ourselves and those around us when danger arises and we are left to our own defenses.

When we reflect on the many school shootings last year, more often than not, active shooters hold students and faculty at their mercy, with no way to protect themselves. But it doesn’t have to be this way.

“There have been many instances — from the high school shooting by Luke Woodham in Mississippi to the New Life Church shooting in Colorado Springs, Colorado, to the Oregon Mall shooting — where a killer was stopped after a civilian was lawfully carrying a firearm,” Kim Stolfer, the writer of the Castle doctrine for the state of Pennsylvania and president of Firearms Owners Against Crime, told The Pitt News.

The Castle doctrine is a piece of legislation that designates a person’s home as a place in which that person has certain protections and immunities, including the ability to use deadly force to defend themselves against an intruder.

“Many of these good incidents [of concealed carriers stopping shootings] were ignored by the media while glorifying mass shootings and encouraging copycat incidents,” Stolfer said.

Stolfer’s points match research on gun use.

The Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank in Washington, D.C., did a study in 2012 that cites about 5,000 news reports from November 2011 involving defensive gun usage, including instances of burglary or home intrusion, among other occurrences.

The study concluded that most defensive gun uses never make the news, and also showed that concealed carry policies on college campuses led to a reduction in crime.

The Cato Institute used two Colorado schools as test cases — after the state enacted its concealed carry law in 2003, Colorado State University allowed its students to also carry concealed weapons, but University of Colorado did not. There was a reported 60 percent decrease in crime at Colorado State since 2004, while the See Safi on page 8

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‘Diversity includes disability’ Students and faculty with disabilities look for more visible representation on campus.

Elizabeth Lepro

Assistant Sports Editor

Monica Silny, a first-year student with muscular dystrophy, felt isolated at the beginning of college. Theo Schwarz SENIOR STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

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At her high school in the foothills of Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, Monica Silny was in every AP class, a member of the history club — just as a “social thing” — and the 2015 prom queen.

Silny, now a first-year at Pitt, said she still stands out — not because of her bubblegum pink hair, but because she has muscular dystrophy and uses a motorized wheelchair.

At Pitt, Silny lives in Sutherland Hall on top of the hill. She hasn’t connected with the many athletes who live on her floor and spent most of orientation week alone in her room, unsure of how to navigate campus without assistance.

“I was scared that I wouldn’t have a very good college life,” Silny said. “If I went out anywhere [in high school] it was never an issue, because all my friends were trained in the art of helping me.”

In order to get to lower campus, she has to schedule Pitt’s lone disability shuttle weeks in advance. If she misses the shuttle, the hill from the Petersen Events Center is too steep to go down if her aide, Blake Hubert, isn’t with her.

Silny is one of almost 750 undergraduates at Pitt registered with the Office of Disability Resources and Services. Although that number has plateaued in recent years, according to Leigh Culley, director of DRS, students are now more apt to use Pitt’s resources.

“I would say [there’s an] increased awareness of what is a disability,” Culley said. “So people more than ever are able to continue attending school.”

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 11 percent of students in post-secondary education reported having a disability in the 2011-2012 academic year. Fifteen years earlier, the percentage of students with disabilities in college was less than half that.

But in a 2009 survey from the National Center for Education, 70 percent of respondents said their four-year public university had “limited staff resources to provide faculty and staff with training on accessibility issues.”

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Students at Pitt have lodged federal complaints against the University on the grounds of disability discrimination every year since 2010, according to records from the Office of Civil Rights. But that doesn’t make Pitt abnormal — compared to similarly sized schools, Pitt’s number of disability lawsuits are about average.

And few students have complaints specifically about Pitt’s DRS — for the most part, they said the office is always responsive. But a lack of institutional or visible representation on campus can make students like Silny feel isolated, and beyond the DRS’ six-person staff, some students and faculty members with disabilities want to know who’s looking out for them. ”How do we incorporate this?”

At Pitt’s Human Engineering Research Laboratory — a spacious floor of offices, workshops and laboratories in Bakery Square — students tinker with multi-colored wires fit for mechanical arms and cones made of 3-D-printed metal.

HERL founder and professor Rory Cooper, who has a spinal injury and uses a wheelchair, oversees the lab. Across from his desk is a sticker that reads, “Diversity Includes Disability.”

“I think that’s the crux of the problem,” Cooper said. Although discussions on diversity are always in vogue, people with disabilities — the biggest minority group in the United States — are frequently left out of the conversations.

“It’s all about diversity and inclusion,” Cooper said. “It sometimes make people feel excluded if you go to an event and the only thing available is a podium.”

Or, Cooper said, when students go into classrooms and see a room full of chairs with attached desks.

Or, as Andrea Sundaram, a second-year Ph.D. student in Pitt’s School of Rehabilitation Sciences, said, when technology that’s supposed to simplify his work and save time actually makes it more difficult.

Sundaram has been visually impaired since he was 5. When he needs to follow an open forum on CourseWeb, his screen reader can’t move along with the comments and jumps forward every time someone new adds to the See Disability on page 7

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Disability, pg. 6 forum.

“Is it accessible? Yes,” Sundaram said. “But it’s a royal pain.”

Professors usually have no problem helping students when asked, but Cooper said an advising body, like a committee on accessibility and accommodations, might make it so that every accommodation doesn’t have to be a special exception.

Many schools, like the University of North Carolina, the University of Missouri and the University of Chicago, have committees on disabilities that work directly with the administration.

Pitt-Greensburg has an accommodations review committee that offers “a final review of disagreements concerning specific academic accommodation requests,” according to its website.

When Cooper worked with a manufacturer to make the milling machines in his laboratory accessible, he realized he had no way to share that process at Pitt to make it institutional knowledge.

“There doesn’t seem to be any clear responsibility,” he said. “I think there’s the willingness, I just don’t think that it’s been brought together in a way that is a good repository of lessons learned.”

To adapt to the needs of a growing minority population, some colleges have integrated entire programs devoted to advising on accessibility policies.

At the University of Washington, Carnegie Mellon University and about 20 other schools across the country, the DO-IT Center — which stands for Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking and Technology — promotes awareness and accessibility for people with disabilities.

Brianna Blaser, a counselor and coordinator at DO-IT, said the program works with University architects, for example, to ensure that buildings are accessible from their inception.

At Pitt, Culley said the DRS notes specific accommodations in students’ personal files — if an accommodation is going to cost money, the DRS will take it up with the “appropriate stakeholders.”

So if a professor in the biology department wanted to order accessible lab equipment, the department and budgeting heads of the biology department would be involved, but the equipment might not become standard across all of Pitt’s labs.

That’s Cooper’s frustration: Pitt has no problem making fixes, but usually does so retroactive-

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ly. If accessibility measures were more frequently included in initial design, Cooper said institutions would actually save money.

In the late 1980s, Cooper was completing his doctorate in California before the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, a set of guidelines requiring that all public institutions be accessible to people with disabilities — which rattled some higher-ups.

“I remember [people saying], ‘Oh my God, it’s going to bankrupt us, it’s going to be unbelievable,’” he said. “It was actually pretty small ...

[Making accommodations] costs you money when you don’t think about it in advance and then you have to do something differently.”

chitectural education, but just as universities are now learning to plan ahead rather than fix after the fact, so is the design industry.

“It used to be when the ADA accessibility standards first came out that the designs industry was trying to figure out what this meant,” McDonnell said. “How do we incorporate this?

How do we begin to change our thinking about design so that accessibility doesn’t become an afterthought?”

“Work twice as hard” Silny’s room in Sutherland is a little messy, she admits, her desk overwhelmed with the contents of a purse she emptied before a calculus test earlier that day.

Terry Tan STAFF ILLUSTRATOR Universal design — like making an entrance flat rather than building a ramp and steps, for example — makes technology and buildings accessible for everyone from the beginning.

Pitt has worked with ADA consultants before, and Culley said her office references some of DO-IT’s advice. But unlike the schools that partner with DO-IT and other similar programs, Pitt does not always bring in outside advice or an expert specifically on disability.

Pitt’s Director of Facilities Management Owen Cooks wrote about universal design when he was at Purdue University, penning a chapter for a 1996 book called “Universal Design: Creative Solutions for ADA Compliance.”

He said the architects Pitt hires are expected to be fully trained in UD. Michael McDonnell, of the architectural firm IKM Inc., has worked on Pitt buildings at the Oakland and Johnstown campuses.

He said UD is becoming a standard of ar-

Backdropped by a Rosie the Riveter poster taped to the wall, Silny talks about how she’s learned to plan ahead more than the average student.

She’s learned to call restaurants before she gets there, signs up to use the testing center three days in advance and prepares for annoyed looks when the 10A stalls while the driver puts the ramp down for her.

“My entire life has to be calculated,” she said.

“But that’s not my job — it is to a certain extent but my main job is to be just a student.”

Culley said the DRS exists to help students become more independent — she doesn’t have the ability to reach out to students before they come to her.

“I love that aspect of that job,” she said, “helping them problem-solve and see how they really develop those skills.”

Keren Kedem, a sophomore who has a learn-

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ing disability, said she’s learned to “work twice as hard” to overcome challenges. Her grade school teachers almost convinced her she’d never make it to college. “[They thought] I’d be like a C student at best,” she said.

But Kedem did get to Pitt, where she studies social work and joined Pitt’s chapter of Eye to Eye, a program for mentoring young students with learning disabilities.

“Before college I hadn’t really spoken to someone else with the same experience,” Kedem said.

“Even though it’s an invisible disability, it really plays such an important part in people’s lives ... It’s nice to have other people who know how tough it is and can relate.”

Jonathan Duvall, a graduate student in Pitt’s School of Rehabilitation, founded the Students for Disability Advocacy group in 2012 to provide that resource.

As an undergraduate, a sledding accident on the hill by the Pete left Duvall with a spinal injury.

He now uses a wheelchair.

He wanted the SDA to be representative of how many students at Pitt care about accessibility and inclusion, but it’s made up mostly of graduate and Ph.D. students, and hasn’t reeled in many new members.

People think that accessibility is something only someone with a disability should worry about, Duvall said, or that people with disabilities are asking for more than what people without disabilities get.

“It’s always the same message no matter which community it comes from, it’s just the dignity and respect,” Duvall said. “It’s not like we don’t want to do the work or slag by, we just want to do the same amount of work and not have to do more.”

Professor Cooper said it all boils down to diversity. Culley said accessibility is an “institutional responsibility.”

In plainer terms, they both agree it’s part of Pitt’s job to make all of its students feel like they belong.

“Once you’re part of the University community, you should try to make everybody welcome,” he said. “Pitt has long been meeting the legal obligations and I feel like the needle is moving slowly, starting to move towards diversity, but ... I think there’s probably a little bit of apprehension about the unknown.”

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Wong, pg. 4 to students riddled with uncertainty. Violent jokes, threats or misplaced anger can suddenly become a deadly reality when there are firearms in the picture. The University of California at Santa Barbara mass shooting started with a YouTube video of the killer threatening to shoot sorority women for rejecting him. That plan was executed shortly after, when the gunman shot and killed three students, stabbing three other students.

In the event that a mass shooting does occur on our campus, relying on someone to pull out their concealed weapon and defend themselves is naive and ineffective. Evidence has shown that the price we pay in offensive gun violence far outweighs the protections of defensive use.

The Gun Violence Archive reported in 2015 that there were 1,293 cases of defensive use of firearms out of the total number of instances of gun violence being 53,193. That means a mere 2.4 percent of incidents happened for defensive reasons — a rare occurrence that would not guarantee safety to our students. Accidental shootings like the one at Beaver County Community College made up a higher proportion of gun violence of 3.6 percent.

Safi, pg. 4 University of Colorado experienced a 35 percent increase during that same time period.

Allowing those with concealed carry permits to bring guns onto college campuses isn’t going to turn our lecture halls or dorms into the Wild West.

The Texas Department of Public Safety released a study May 1999 that demonstrated the safety of permit holders in Texas, and the study suggests permit holders aren’t accidentally firing their weapons and maiming those around them like many people fear they would..

Permit holders accounted for .246 percent of all aggravated assault crimes that involved a deadly weapon, which is four out of 1,629 convictions. It also showed that there were 3,303 convictions for people unlawfully carrying a weapon, and only 1 percent of these people were permit holders.

In 1999, Texas permit holders had a 0 percent rate of murder convictions.

Responsible gun owners know that during a school shooting, time is of the essence.

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April 25, 2016

Pro-gun advocates also overlook the critical role guns play in suicide rates for college students. Students who are suffering from severe depression, anxiety or other mental illnesses can end their lives in a second with a firearm. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suicide was the second leading cause of death for young adults aged 15 to 24 in 2014.

College can take a toll on students’ mental health for a variety of reasons. The isolation, lack of supervision, peer pressure surrounding drugs and alcohol and heavy class loads can all leave students feeling overwhelmed.

But most people don’t realize that having a gun within reach can be a risk factor in itself.

Out of all the ways one can attempt suicide, firearms have the highest success rate.

The CDC also reported in 2016 that out of all 41,149 suicides that occurred in 2013, 21,175 of them were completed with a firearm — more than half. Firearms pose a huge risk to those who are contemplating and attempting suicide. Allowing more guns on campus grounds will only endanger students further.

Find the full story online at

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“Law-abiding citizens are put in a position to react to a deadly threat and without the tools to level the playing field against an aggressor, it is unlikely that the victim can prevail and will be at the mercy of the perpetrator,” Stolfer said.

According to the Department of Justice’s Bureau of Statistics Criminal Victimization in the United States 2008 Statistical Tables that the Department of Justice released in 2010, police can often take up to an hour to arrive at the scene of a crime.

The report reflects that for violent crimes, the police only respond within five minutes about 28 percent of the time, within six to 10 minutes around 30 percent of the time and within 11 minutes to one hour 30 percent of the time.

Those response times probably seem brief enough. But how long did it take Adam Lanza, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooter, to kill 26 people?

Eleven minutes.

Find the full story online at

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Pitt expands efforts to reach donor base

Phoebe Gilmore Staff Writer

Pat Narduzzi’s revitalized football program, a consistently packed Oakland Zoo and alumni all over the world means that Pitt Athletics has no shortage of fans.

But, unlike other ACC schools, that fan base doesn’t translate into cold cash. .

With the second-largest alumni base in the ACC, Pitt has potential for high donor engagement. But given Pitt’s 300,000 living alumni, athletic donations are meager — the University’s athletic donor engagement rate is the second lowest in the ACC, according to Pitt Athletics spokesperson E.J. Borghetti.

In 2015, 25,062 alumni donated a total of $29,260,124 to the University overall.

Out of those 25,062 people, 8,000 donated to the athletic department.

The engagement rate was about 2.6 percent last year, close to half the average percentage for ACC donor engagement, Athletic Director Scott Barnes said at a town hall meeting in January. The number of alumni donors at Pitt has decreased every year since 2012, when 25,728 people donated to the University.

Since his hire in 2015, Barnes has discussed revamping Pitt’s tactics for alumni outreach. In January, he said he was “licking his chops” at the potential of Pitt’s vast — but sluggish — donor base.

“We haven’t really had a culture of major gift fundraising,” Barnes said at a town hall meeting. “We just sort of haven’t. It creates a sense of urgency.”

Patrick Bostick is the director of development for the Panther Club, the main fundraising program for Pitt Athletics. He said the University’s fundraising strategies just haven’t reached a big enough audience.

“We have relied on a fundraising model that’s heavily dependent on ticket-driven donations, so season tickets require a donation,” Bostick said. “We need to address markets where donors exist that don’t nec-

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essarily need to buy a ticket to be a member.”

Barnes is going to need the money. He’s planning for $8 to $10 million in renovations to Pitt’s athletic facilities, including enhancements to the swimming and diving team room that will cost $4 million. “[Moving to the ACC is] a significant lift,” Barnes said. “How are we going to bring the resources to compete at that level?”

Other ACC schools have gotten creative with special programs and strategies to boost funds.

Clemson’s “I Pay Ten A Year” program encourages every alum to donate $10 annually to the university’s athletic department. The school’s strategy, combined with its existing fundraising efforts, raised $60.1 million in athletic department donations in 2015.

Bostick said he’s optimistic that Barnes will do the same for Pitt.

According to Bostick, Barnes will focus on cultivating private support and expanding the alumni donor base at the University, largely through social media campaigns.

While the Panther Club traditionally reached donors through direct mail, engagement methods now focus on online media, where many Pitt alumni already check for updates on Pitt sports.

In the past, the Panther Club has focused on reaching out to former athletes, fans and season ticket holders, but Bostick said it’s time to change that strategy.

“We need ... to address philanthropic giving and non-ticket-driven giving,” Bostick said. “That will be a huge focus of ours as we look at expanding not only our donor base but certainly the alumni engagement percentage.”

One of Pitt’s most prominent athletic department donors, Dr. James Barber, jokingly called his time at Pitt “the best eight years of my life.”

See Donor on page 16

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Raising their kids and GPA

Pitt’s student parents balance managing loans, finding child care and raising their kids — all the while getting their degrees.

Erin Hare Staff Writer

When Agnes Haggerty was a Pitt student in 2003, she worked 50 hours a week, carried a full course load and looked after her toddler.

“The majority of my studying was done in the middle of the night,” Haggerty, now 34, said.

“I was studying for three-hour periods while [my daughter] was asleep, and her bedtime stories were neuroscience textbooks.”

After attending Community College of Beaver County for two years, Haggerty transferred to Pitt as a junior and got her bachelor’s in neuroscience in 2004 and then her doctorate in bioengineering from Pitt in 2014.

She said she couldn’t have done it without family and friends, who coordinated their schedules into a patchwork of child care. While she worked on her degree, she shuttled her daughter from her father’s house, to her friend’s apartment and to her boyfriend’s place, sometimes only for 40 minutes at a time.

Like Haggerty, many student parents lack access to high-quality, affordable child care, according to the Institute for Women’s Policy Research.

Nationwide, on-campus day care only meets the needs of 5 percent of student parents. Alongside faltering care, student parents are also more likely to take on larger debt than childless students and report feelings of social isolation on campus, the IWPR said — making raising a child while earning a degree is a common, but lonely, struggle.

A balancing act For three years of her life, Haggerty, a single parent, slept about three hours per night. Between her daughter’s erratic sleep schedule, her late-night job as a bartender and her demanding coursework, it was all the sleep she could afford.

She graduated with only $10,000 in student loan debt — but the fast-paced lifestyle taxed her family life, and at school, Haggerty didn’t tell anyone at Pitt about her daughter until she was nearly done with her degree.

She said “was really fighting against that stereotype” — the teenage mother, dependent on welfare. She didn’t want anyone to feel like she graduated college only because she received spe-

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First-year Dave Levine and his son. Abigail Self STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER rising, largely driven by an increase in nontradicial treatment, she said, but being a student partional students — those outside the ages of 18 to ent was a lonely journey.

24 — who either took time off before entering To stem isolation, Virginia Brown, associcollege or returned to school for career advanceate professor of public health at the University ment. of Maryland, published a paper, “Pregnant and Compared to their childless peers, student Parenting Students on Campus: Policy and Proparents are much less likely to complete their edgram Implications for a Growing Population,” in ucation. According to the IWPR, six years after the Journal of Education Policy in 2013. enrollment, 33 percent of undergraduate student In her research, Brown surveyed student parparents had completed their degree and 52 perents at an unnamed four-year public university cent had dropped out. during the 2009-2010 school year and reviewed “[Student parents] are juggling so much the literature on policies to support student parmore than the average student ... They take out ents in higher education in general, finding that loans not only to provide for their education but on-campus day care and financial aid concerned also to provide for their childcare, housing and them the most. food,” Brown said. “When they leave, they’re goAlthough student parents often feel alone, ing to be saddled with so much more debt than according to Brown, the IWPR estimates that 15 they would have if they had other options.” percent of undergraduates at four-year univerAccording to the IWPR, student parents sities have dependent children that live in their leave college with an average of $3,181 more debt homes and rely on them financially. than non-parents. Brown said most student parShe said the proportion of student parents is

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ents willfully turn a blind eye to the long-lasting effect of this debt to support their families while in school.

For Teresa Pizzella, a 30-year-old psychology in education master’s student, turning a blind eye meant quitting her job to spend time with her son.

Pizzella said balancing work, school and a new baby was too much, despite the financial strain otherwise.

“The biggest issue is loans,” Pizzella said. “At some point, those are all going to come out of forbearance, and I’ll think about that then.”

What Pitt offers parents According to University spokesperson John Fedele, graduate students receive free health care with very low co-pays and paid leave for either or both parents for the first six weeks of parenthood.

Birth mothers may receive additional paid See Pitt Parents on page 13

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Pitt Parents, pg. 12 parental leave at the discretion of a medical professional, according to Fedele.

He said during their paid leave, graduate students “continue to receive their stipend, benefits and associated tuition support.”

Additionally, Pitt’s College of General Studies — home to many nontraditional students — offers Students with Dependents Scholarships, which they can renew for up to three years. According to its website, CGS will choose as many as two students who have completed at least 80 credit hours with good academic standing and financial need to receive $1,500 each semester. CGS determines financial need based on the student’s FAFSA form, according to its site.

Students can also apply for discounts from Pitt’s campus day care — the University Child Development Center — according to UCDC business manager Marlene Schenck. Parents with household incomes less than $40,000 per year qualify for some amount of subsidy, which can range from 25 to 50 percent of the current tuition rate at the UCDC, Schenck said. The UCDC provides child care for Pitt students, faculty and staff whose children range from six weeks to five years old. To secure a spot on the waiting list, Pitt parents must fill out an application and put down a $15 deposit.

Tuition rates at the UCDC vary by age, number of days attended and income level, from $420 per month for a toddler from a low income family attending two days a week to $1,333 per month for an infant from a high income family attending full time.

Out of the 130 children who use the UCDC, Schenck said, only seven have parents who are also students, and none of those students are undergraduates. The other patrons are made up of Pitt’s faculty and staff.

Director of UCDC Mary Beth McCulloch said the day care’s waiting list — two-and-a-half to three years, depending on the age of the child, Schenck said — is often too long for students.

“Unfortunately, based on the length of the [waiting] list, it’s not often that [students] can get a space when they need one,” McCulloch said.

Pizzella said the length of the waiting list was the most important factor for her not choosing to use the UCDC. “By the time I got even close to having a spot, I would be done and then not affiliated with the University most likely, so why even bother?” Piz-

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zella said.

Brown found this same pattern in her research — most universities provide on-campus day care, but there is rarely enough room for children of students.

“To the best of my knowledge, there is no plan to expand,” McCulloch said. “We do not have space here to increase the amount of classrooms or increase the enrollment.”

The UCDC only accepts full-time students, Schenck said. But part-time — or even dropin — care would be much more useful for students, according to junior Morgan Donaldson, a 31-year-old public service major who has four

aren’t indicative of most of Pitt’s events — usually, she can’t participate in on-campus activities when she’s with her children.

According to Pizzella, there is really no mechanism for student parents to find one another, and she was not even aware that the CGS provided a family-friendly social scene. There is no university-wide parent group — even on social media — to facilitate a supportive community.

“I have no idea who other student parents are,” Pizzella said. “There’s no one else in my program that I know of that’s a parent.”

Pizzella said she is older than most of her peers and also part time, so she doesn’t have a good com-

Agnes Haggerty and her teenaged children. Abigail Self STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

sons ranging from six to 14 years old.

Brown said most students, like Haggerty, end up turning to family and friends to cover their day care needs.

A social life?

For first-year Dave Levine, a 31-year-old public service major with a six-year-old son, relying on his ex-wife for evening child care became a necessity. Donaldson also leans on her husband to care for the kids while she attends evening classes.

“I have attended [College of General Studies Student Government] meetings and events where children were welcomed,” Donaldson said. “It was a huge help, otherwise I couldn’t attend. But outside of that, I don’t know of any parent group.”

Donaldson said the child-friendly meetings

munity in her program in general, . Because of this lack of community, she said she never felt like she could really own her pregnancy on campus.

“I really did feel ashamed [of being pregnant],” Pizzella said. “I mean, I’m an adult married person! I don’t want to feel that way.”

For Haggerty, her time constraints as a parent and student kept her from connecting with the larger Pitt community. Unlike other students, she wasn’t able to go to parties or grab coffee with friends on campus.

“I think that Pitt could play a major role in connecting [parents],” Haggerty said.

Brown said administrators often notice that the student body contains a significant number of parenting students, so they create programs

April 25, 2016

directed at these students to improve graduation rates.

Since 2002, Pitt has devoted an entire center to this purpose: The McCarl Center for Nontraditional Student Success in the College of General Studies, which is a “gathering place, resource center and oasis all rolled into one,” according to the CGS site.

The McCarl Center has a lounge, career development seminars, tutoring sessions and social and networking services, all of which the CGS student government helps facilitate.

According to Adam Robinson, director of the McCarl Center, in order to achieve the Center’s mission of helping nontraditional students feel comfortable at Pitt, creating a familyfriendly atmosphere is an absolute requirement. He said all CGS student governmentsponsored events are open to children.

But the Center isn’t advertised to student parents outside of the CGS — Haggerty and Pizzella both said they’d never heard of it.

Robinson said he wants to help form a University-wide student parent group at Pitt — something 40-year-old junior health services major Jessica Thomas wishes she had here.

“I would love to find a platform to incorporate nontraditional students from other programs on campus to gather and share experiences, provide encouragement and build friendships,” Thomas, who studies within CGS, said.

Thomas, who was a teen mom, has attended Pitt alongside her oldest daughter for the past three years, allowing them to share their struggles and successes. Thomas’s other children are in high school. The whole family, including Thomas’ three high school-aged children, does homework together, and she dares her kids to beat her GPA. Like Thomas, Haggerty was only a teenager when her daughter was born. She chose to pursue her undergraduate education so she could provide a reasonably comfortable life for her and her daughter, and then she earned a Ph.D. as a personal goal.

“Being able to prove to myself and my daughter that you’re not stuck in a situation, that you have some control even in situations that seem like you don’t have a lot of control over, and that if you ask for help people will help you out,” Haggerty said.

“I think that it was an incredible experience.”

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UNITING IN PITTSBURGH

Faculty and student unions of Pitt’s past and present

John Hamilton STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Emily Brindley Staff Writer

Twenty-five years ago, Pitt’s faculty tried — and failed — to form a union after hitting problems with the administration and a lack of agreement among faculty.

Now, the faculty are trying again, calling for higher wages and job security through a union. This time, organizers say they have the cooperation and inclusiveness —as well as the support of the city — to make the effort successful.

Academic faculty city-wide have been pushing for unions, making it a prime atmosphere for Pitt’s campaign, according to Maria Somma, organizing director for the International Union at United Steelworkers.

USW, a Pittsburgh-based local and in-

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ternational union organizer, has one successful campaign under its belt at Point Park University and is working to facilitate faculty union campaigns at several other nearby universities, including Robert Morris, Chatham and Pitt.

Somma said these efforts, as well as the increasing trend toward corporatization of education, create an ideal atmosphere for a successful union campaign at Pitt.

“You’ve got more and more corporatization and more and more people in the upper echelons looking at universities not as education ... but as a business model,” Somma said. “I think it’s going to work because people are committed to this, to change.”

In January, Pitt faculty and graduate student workers officially announced their

union campaigns. USW is facilitating both campaigns with legal and financial support as well as physical materials, such as shirts and buttons. Somma said there are an estimated 5,000 faculty members and an estimated 2,500 to 3,000 graduate student employees at Pitt who could potentially join their respective unions.

Peter Campbell, an assistant professor of English at Pit and an organizer of the faculty union campaign, said attendance at the campaign’s monthly coffee and happy hours show an increase in interest.

“The academic labor movement has real momentum in the city [of Pittsburgh] right now,” Campbell said.

Though the faculty and the graduate student employee campaigns communicate and collaborate, they remain separate

April 25, 2016

efforts with distinct goals. Campbell said the faculty union efforts are based on a desire for increased job security and openness about the process of promoting and retaining faculty members, so faculty do not have to worry about sudden or unexpected termination.

The graduate student employee union will focus on a higher, livable wage, equal access to health care and the enforcement of contracts, as Hillary Lazar, fourth-year sociology graduate student and an organizer of the graduate student employee union effort, said, many graduate student employees work well beyond their contracted hours.

Campbell couldn’t provide an exact number of faculty members supportive of the union efforts, but said the campaign has talked with “hundreds” of faculty about the union. Lazar said the focus of the graduate student worker campaign is currently on taking the first step and building interest in the union. According to Lazar, the graduate student employee campaign has contacts in more than 20 different departments, with active participation from many of those departments.

Somma, Campbell and Lazar said there is no current timeline for the efforts to send out cards or hold a vote.

Former Vice Chancellor of Communications for Pitt, Ken Service, told The Pitt News in February that Pitt’s community has made “great strides” in communication between administration and faculty. Current Vice Chancellor of Communications Susan Rogers declined to update this statement.

“We remain confident that the best way to continue to advance our mission is for the entire University community to continue to work together in this cooperative and respectful manner,” Service said in an email in February.

In the Past Pitt faculty attempted to create a union several times in the 1970s and ’90s, and though there were several union votes, none of the efforts earned the necessary majority vote to form a union.

Phil Wion, one of the lead organizers of the former union campaigns at Pitt, said See Union on page 15

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Union, pg. 14 the main reason previous efforts failed was a lack of solidarity among the full rank of faculty. A successful union effort, he said, must create a sense of common cause.

Wion, a Pitt professor emeritus of English, said faculty held the first union vote on Pitt’s campus in 1976 under the American Federation of Teachers, a faculty union organizer similar to USW. Wion said the AFT did not win the union vote in part because some faculty believed the union should be united under the American Association of University Professors, another academic union organizer, for which Wion currently serves as the secretary and treasurer.

The AFT focused heavily on economic issues and the labor movement, causing many faculty members to vote for either the AAUP or for no organizing agent at all, according to Wion.

Wion and the other campaign organizers then began a lengthy process to merge the AFT and AAUP, which resulted in the formation of the United Faculty of the University of Pittsburgh in 1982. Following two years of campaigning, the UF filed for a union vote in 1984.

Around the same time, Pitt administration challenged the election to the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board based on the 1980 Yeshiva decision. The Yeshiva University decision ruled that full-time faculty fell under the position of managers at private universities, and therefore were not eligible to unionize. Pitt was the first public university to uphold the Yeshiva decision, according to Wion.

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Despite the Yeshiva decision, the union campaign held a vote for part-time faculty in 1987. The vote succeeded but the union would exclude full-time faculty, so the campaign did not proceed.

According to Wion, in 1990 the Board then overturned the decision to make fulltime faculty ineligible.

“In November 1990, the full board reversed the hearing examiner’s ruling and said that full-time faculty were not managers under Pennsylvania law and therefore were eligible to unionize,” Wion said. “The full unit was put back together.”

The UF then held another union vote in early 1991, but lost in part due to a lack of solidarity among the higher- and lower-level faculty. Wion said a number of the respected and financially stable faculty voted against the union, which would have benefited the lower-level faculty by giving them increased job security and influence.

“There were various arguments, one was that [a union] was not needed, that everything was relatively fine. But it was also partly haves against have-nots,” Wion said.

“Those who were relatively well-paid and comfortable and felt that their voices were being heard, often were not so sure that they would retain their advantages if [other] faculty were part of this broad bargaining unit.”

Why it’s different now For a successful union effort, Wion said there must be common interest in the campaign among not only adjunct and part-time faculty, but among well-paid and alreadytenured faculty members as well.

“The difficulty in creating a sense of community interest, that was real and that

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Donors, pg. 9 Barber, a plastic surgeon who completed his undergrad at Pitt, returned to the city after medical school residencies in Texas and California for two reasons: family and Pitt sports.

Since his move back to Pittsburgh 31 years ago, Barber has only missed three or four away games for basketball or football. He has not missed a single home game for either sport.

“My passion is the University of Pittsburgh. I don’t drink, I don’t smoke, I don’t do any of that,” he said. “Pitt sports and being associated with those people is what is really important to me.

That’s my release. That’s what I love doing.”

Barber’s donations have done a lot for Pitt, including helping to fix the floor of the Fitzgerald Field House. He’s part of Pitt’s Babcock Society, meaning that he’s donated at least $1,000 every year for 25 years.

Barnes wants to move beyond relying on longtime donors like Barber and attract a wider array of alumni.

Barnes has experience with fundraising from his previous athletic director post at Utah State, where he brought in an anonymous $4.5

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million donation in 2012. It was the biggest donation in the history of the university.

Since Barnes’ speech in January, Bostick couldn’t provide have any tangible examples of progress in fundraising. The efforts are still undergoing “strategic planning.” “[Barnes’] focus has been to provide the resources and infrastructure necessary to strengthen our fundraising operation, expand our donor base and to ultimately stimulate growth in private support of Pitt athletics,” Bostick said. “The first step toward that goal has involved a comprehensive strategic planning process that is nearing completion.”

There is no set completion date for the strategic plan as of yet.

Barber, godfather to former assistant basketball coach Brandin Knight’s daughter, wants to ensure that his donations go toward helping student-athletes excel on more than just the court.

“We want to know that they can contribute when they get out of here. In the end, it’s not what you got, it’s what you gave,” he said. “Come here, get a great education, go out and spread the word to others that the University of Pittsburgh is a great place to be.”

Union, pg. 14 contributed I think to the outcome [of previous union efforts],” Wion said. “It may be that it’ll be easier this time around to create that sense of common cause.”

To increase solidarity among all faculty, the current union campaign is focused on incorporating faculty of all ranks and from all campuses, according to Campbell.

“Our major interest is just to create a union so that faculty of all ranks at the University of Pittsburgh can work together and speak with one voice,” Campbell said. “It’s really important to emphasize that the University of Pittsburgh [union] would be all faculty of all rank and all campuses.”

Lazar said working conditions have also changed, affecting faculty members and graduate student employees of all ranks. Universities are increasingly focusing on business models instead of education models, resulting in dissatisfaction among University workers, according to Lazar.

“The conditions are different now,” Lazar said. “There’s a far greater degree of dissatisfaction and calling into question this corporatiza-

April 25, 2016

tion across industries, but particularly within the academy.”

According to Campbell, the push to secure university faculty jobs is part of the nationwide backlash against insecure working conditions.

“In Pittsburgh, as in everywhere else in the U.S., there’s an increasing trend toward contingency in employment,” Campbell said. “This is a really important time for faculty to come together.”

Kai Pang, a Pitt senior philosophy and economics major and an intern at USW, said he sees commitment to the current union effort not only at the level of faculty and graduate students, but at the undergraduate level as well.

Though undergraduate students are not directly involved in either of the union campaigns, Pang said undergraduate support can assure the faculty that the students stand behind them and “have their back,” allowing faculty to pursue the union with the knowledge that the students will support them should they receive any backlash.

“One of the biggest reasons why I believe that the organizing efforts are going to work is because of the solidarity we’ve been building See Union on page 17

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Union, pg. 16 between the students, graduate employees and faculty members,” Pang said. “It’s important we stand in solidarity.”

Supporting the union efforts benefits the students as well because students’ quality of education is impacted by the stability — or instability — of their instructors, according to Lazar.

“That same process, that corporatization [of universities], is affecting undergraduate students as well,” Lazar said. “We do have the collective power of these tandem campaigns, both

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the faculty and the graduate student workers, but we also have the support of the undergraduates.”

Though the union efforts have not yet left the organizing stage, Campbell and Lazar said they hope the unions will give both the faculty and graduate student employees the ability to bargain with the University on equal footing.

“At this stage, what we’re trying to do is just get a seat at the table,” Lazar said. “By calling for a union, we’re just saying that we want to have access to the voice that’s necessary to be in dialogue with the administration.”

Poetry, pg. 3 horn Theater’s executive director Janera Solomon hosted, and a lecture in March titled “Race, Poetics, Empire: What is a Black Poetic and Why Does It Matter?” featuring poets Annie Seaton and Erica Hunt.

“I think [the CAAPP] belongs at the University of Pittsburgh because of the really diverse faculty who teach at the writing program, including three really accomplished African-American writers,” Lundy Martin said. “I don’t know of another program like it. Everything is just lining up right.

April 25, 2016

I think it would be hard to do this someplace else.”

According to Mark Kemp, a lecturer and academic adviser in the English department, there are about 24 majors currently studying poetry writing, six creative writing minors with a focus in poetry and 11 graduate students studying poetry.

To study poetry, Harvey said, one must also study African-American poetry and poetics.

“The two are inseparable,” Harvey said. “As far as I’m concerned, anyone who teaches poetry without teaching African-Americans is not teaching poetry at all. The same is true for all poets of color. The poetry taught in the U.S. must be as diverse as the people who read it.”

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The Pitt News SquiggleDoku 4/25/16 courtesy of dailysudoku.com

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Real estate advertising in The Pitt News is subject to the Fair Housing Act. The Pitt News will not knowingly accept advertising for real estate which violates the law. To complain of discrimination, call HUD at 1-800-6699777 or email fheo_webmanager@hud.gov. For the hearing impaired, please call TTY 1-800-927-9275.

ATTENTION OCCASIONAL SMOKERS! UPMC seeks healthy adults ages 18-65 who occasionally smoke cigarettes.

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There are up to seven sessions lasting about three hours each. Research participants completing the study will be compensated up to $60 per session, or $20 per hour. For more information, call 412-246-5393 or visit www.SmokingStudies.pitt.edu

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SMOKERS NEEDED! Researchers at UPMC are looking to enroll healthy adult cigarette smokers ages 18-65. This research is examining the influence of brief uses of FDA-approved nicotine patch or nicotine nasal spray on mood and behavior. The study involves a brief physical exam and five sessions lasting two hours each. Eligible participants who complete all sessions will receive up to $250, or $20 per hour. This is NOT a treatment study. For more information, call 412-2465396 or visit www.SmokingStudies.pitt.edu Sacred Heart Elementary School in Shadyside is looking for volunteer Volleyball Coaches and Basketball Coaches for the Varsity and JV Teams for the 201617 Seasons.

Must be at least 18 years of age and have transportation. If interested, please contact Amy Volpe at jaisvolpe@gmail.com or call 412.295.9260 Caregivers and babysitters needed.

FT/PT. Earn $25/hour. No experience required. Will train. Call now.

888-366-3244 ext. 102.

Come work where it's Oktoberfest every day. Now hiring for all positions at Hofbrauhaus Pittsburgh.

Apply in person Monday through Friday.

HELP WANTED Painting, yardwork, miscellaneous. Student preferred. Shadyside, Fox Chapel. $10/hour.

412-963-9889. georgebsg@cs.com.

NEED SOME CASH$$. WORK THE PITTSBURGH MARATHON FOR $12/HR ON MAY 1ST. CALL 412-415-5090

Seasonal Work: Shadyside Management Company needs full-time dependable landscapers, painters, and assistant roofers for the summer.

Must be at least 18 years old. No experience necessary. $10/hour.

Mozart Management, 412-682-7003. Email: thane@mozartrents.com.

SUMMER HELP NEEDED, Ice company close to campus. Weekends necessary. Production/driving/maintenance positions available. Good pay, part-time/full time. Contact Mastro Ice Company 412-681-4423. mastroice@aol.com Summer Help Wanted:

The Pitt news crossword 4/25/16

Before signing a lease, be aware that no more than 3 unrelated people can share a single unit.

Check property’s compliance with codes. Call City’s Permits, Licensing & Inspections.

412-255-2175.

Come see us after finals. Various shifts available. Full or part time. Apply at 3901 Forbes Ave. Orignial Hot Dog Shop.

Waiter/Waitress/Dishwasher/Cook/Hostess/Host: 20 hours/week, Cafe Sam, 5242 Baum Blvd. Apply MondayFriday 2 p.m. - 4 p.m.

SUMMER WORK Landscape help, wall and patio construction, planting, mulching, and concrete work.

Near 279 Canp Horne Rd. exit. Full time and part time. $11-15/hour. Need transportation. Call 412-477-3800.

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pittnews.com

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