Learning from Athens, for an apology of chaos

• γ ια μ ια α π ο λ ο γ ία τ ο υ ch a o s

ǻȪȬȖȦȞȨȩȤȲȡȚ ȝȒȦȡȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȗȠȒȥȤȪȨȑ ȡȖȧ ǷȡȖȠȔȖ ȀȮȩȨȑȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȝȤșȓȘȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȪȥȤȨȩȓȦȞȣȓ ȩȜȧ ȱȠȤȪȧ ȖȪȩȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȓȢȚȧ ȩȤȢ ȟ ȃȔȟȤ ȈȟȤȪȩȒȠȜ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ ȒȢȖȪȨȡȖ ȢȖ ȣȚȟȞȢȓȨȤȪȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȟ ǾȖȢȑȨȜ ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȞȧ ȥȤȠȲȩȞȡȚȧ ȨȪȡȗȤȪȠȒȧ ȩȤȪ

ǾȚȤșȳȦȖ ȃȚȫȒȠȜ

ǻȇǻȊȃǽȉǿȀǽ ǻȇǹǷȈǿǷ

ȂǷȉȈȅȊȀǽ ȈȅȋǿǷ ȃǻȋǻȁǽ ȂȅȈȌȅȊ ǾǻȅǺȎȇǷ ǻȆǿǸȁ ȀǷǾǽǹǽȉȇǿǷ ȀȎȉȈǷȀǽ ǷȂǷȁǿǷ

ĕěē Ğěē ē Ģ ġ ĝ ġ ĕ İē Ħ ġ ħ F K D R V

ȆȅȁȊȉǻȌȃǻǿȅ ȀȇǽȉǽȈ ȉȂǽȂǷ ǷȇȌǿȉǻȀȉȅȃȎȃ ȂǽȌǷȃǿȀȎȃ ǷȀ ǻȉȅȈ

Ȇǻȇǿȁǽȍǽ

ǽ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ Ȥ ȗȖȨȞȟȱȧ ȞȨȩȱȧ ȩȮȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȱȥȤȪ țȤȲȡȚ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȑ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȢȲȤȪȡȚ ȩȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤ ȡȒȦȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȬȦȱȢȤȪ ȡȖȧ șȤȡȚȔȩȖȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȩȖȠȑȗȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȤȲ ȒȦȘȤȪ ȉȤ țȓȩȜȡȖ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȘȞȖ Țȡȑȧ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȩȤ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ Ȯȧ ȚȘȘȚȢȳȧ ȤȞȟȚȔȤ ȒȬȤȪȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȩȑȨȜ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȥȚȦȢȑȡȚ Ȯȧ șȚșȤȡȒȢȤ ȉȤ ȥȖȢȩȖȬȤȲ ȥȖȦȱȢ ȩȤ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȩȤ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȫȱȢȩȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȞȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȞȢȤȩȤȡȔȚȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȳȦȖ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȥȤȪ ȒȦȬȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȟȓȢȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȖȢȖȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȫȤȦȑ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȫȤȦȑ ȟȖȞ ȬȦȱȢȤ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȬȦȱȢȤ ȆȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ Țȟ ȢȒȤȪ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȡȖțȔ ȡȖȧ ȱȬȞ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȚȟȝȚȞȑȨȤȪȡȚ ȟȞ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȠȞȘȱȩȚȦȤ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȟȖȩȖȘȦȑȭȤȪȡȚ ȖȠȠȑ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȖȢȖȘȢȮȦȔȨȤȪȡȚ ǽ ȡȤȞȦȖȔȖ ȖșȪȢȖȡȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȳȢ ȥȦȤȗȠȜȡȖȩȞȨȡȳȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȚȘȘȚȢȓȧ ȒȠȠȚȞȭȜȧ ȖȥȱșȚȞȣȜȧ ȉȤ ȥȦȱȗȠȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȤ ȡȞȖ ȥȠȜȝȳȦȖ ȖȥȤșȚȔȣȚȮȢ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȡȖȢȞȫȒȨȩȤ ȟȖȞ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȠȱȘȤ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȚȦȚȪȢȜȩȞȟȓ ȚȦȘȖȨȔȖ ȨȪȢȚȠȓȫȝȜ ȨȩȜ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȥȖȦȑșȤȣȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȖȢȩȔȨȩȦȤȫȜ ȥȤȦȚȔȖ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȞ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȤȲȧ ȟȖȦȥȤȲȧ ȈȟȤȥȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȦȚȪȢȜȩȞȟȓȧ ȚȦȘȖȨȔȖȧ ȨȩȑȝȜȟȚ Ȝ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜ D SRVWHULRUL ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȤȲ ȠȱȘȤȪ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȗȖȨȞȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȨȚ ȩȚȟȡȓȦȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȚȟșȜȠȳȨȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȒȟȪȭȖȢ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȬȢȑ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȪȥȱȗȖȝȦȤ

8

learning from ATHENS

ȆǻȇǿǻȌȅȂǻȃǷ

ǻǿȈǷǹȎǹǿȀȅ ȈǽȂǻǿȎȂǷ

ȆȁǷȃǽȉǻȈ ȉǽȈ ǷǾǽȃǷȈ

ȈȊȃȉǻȁǻȈȉǻȈ ȉǽȈ ȆȅȁǽȈ B ȅ ȚȡȗȑȩȜȧ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȳȢ B Ƿȥȱ ȩȤ ȡȒȦȤȧ ȨȩȤ ȱȠȤȢ B ȆȤȦȩȦȖȔȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ B ȀȤȞȢȱ ȒșȖȫȤȧ 88

ȈȊȂȆǻȇǷȈȂǷȉǷ B ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ B ȉȤ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ B ǷȢȖȨȩȤȬȖȨȡȤȔ

ȄǺȅǽǺȉȃȀǺȁǷ

9

10

learning from ATHENS

ǻǿȈǷǹȎǹǿȀȅ ȈǽȂǻǿȎȂǷ

ǹȚȢȢȜȡȒȢȤȞ ȡȚȘȖȠȮȡȒȢȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȮȨȩȞȨȡȒȢȤȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȖȢȖȘȢȮȦȔțȤȪȡȚ Ȯȧ ȫȪȨȞȟȱ ȡȖȧ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȤȢ ȑȢȝȦȮȥȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȪȠȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȜ ȩȤȪ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȤȪ ȑȨȩȚȮȧ Ȏȧ ȩȒȩȤȞȤ ȚȢȢȤȤȲȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȨȩȤȢ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȚȥȚȡȗȖȔȢȚȞ Ȥ ȑȢȝȦȮȥȤȧ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȓȨȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȤȪ ȩȤȢ ȩȱȥȤ ȩȤȪ ѯȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢѰ ȩȤȪ ȆȖȦѭ ȱȠȤ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǾȚȮȦȔȖ ȖȨȬȤȠȚȔȩȖȞ ȡȚ țȜȩȓȡȖȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȡȜȩȦȤȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȫȖȢȚȦȓ Ȝ șȪȨȟȖȡȭȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȒȢȖȢȩȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȨȟȠȜȦȓ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ǰȩȨȞ ȤȫȚȔȠȚȞ ȢȖ ȝȒȨȚȞ ȢȒȖ ȚȦȮȩȓȡȖȩȖ ȢȖ ȚȥȞȟȖȞȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȚȢȞȨȬȲȨȚȞ ȩȤ șȞȑȠȤȘȤ ȖȡȫȞȨȗȜȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȡȤȲȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ǽ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ Ȥ ȞȨȩȱȧ ȨȩȖ ȟȒȢȩȦȖ ȩȮȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȱȥȤȪ țȤȲȡȚ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȑ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȢȲȤȪȡȚ ȩȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤ ȡȒȦȤȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȱȢȤȪ ȡȖȧ șȤȡȚȔȩȖȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȟȖȝȞȨȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȤȲ ȒȦȘȤȪ ȖȨȖȫȓ ȉȤ ȟȤȞȢȱȩȪȥȤ ȖȪȩȱ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȢ ȒȬȚȞ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȚȔ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȞȨȩȤȪȧ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȡȤȲȧ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ȆȖȦȑȠȠȜȠȖ Ȝ ȚȥȳȢȪȡȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȪȨȡȒȢȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȨȩȚȞȦȮȡȒȢȜ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȡȚȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȖ ȥȖȦȖșȚȔȘȡȖȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȖșȪȢȖȩȚȔ ȢȖ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȨȚȞ ȞȨȬȪȦȓ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ Ȋȥȱ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȩȤ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȤ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȡȓȥȮȧ ȚȟȫȦȑțȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȓȩȩȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȂȓȥȮȧ ȤȞ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȚȧ ȝȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȨȩȦȖȫȤȲȢ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȤ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȢ ȩȖ șȞșȑȘȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȒȦȬȤȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȤȪ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȅ 9HQWXUL ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȤȡȑșȖ ȩȤȪ ȚȥȞȨȓȡȖȢȖȢ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȖȢȩȞȜȦȮȞȟȓ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȚșȦȑțȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȟȤȞȢȑ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȥȩȤȲȧ ȟȳșȞȟȚȧ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȟȖȝȞȨȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȤȦȖȩȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȚȥȞȠȤȘȒȧ ȥȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȢȨȮȡȖȩȮȡȒȢȚȧ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȑ ȖȥȤșȔșȤȢȩȖȧ ȒȩȨȞ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȨȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȑȘȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȚșȔȤ ȨȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȖȢȩȖȢȖȟȠȳȢȩȖȞ ȤȞ ȨȬȒȨȚȞȧ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȡȚȠȳȢ ȡȞȖȧ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȠȖȯȟȱȧ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȱȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ǽ ѯȖȢȳȢȪȡȜѰ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȬȚ ȗȦȚȞ ȩȜ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȓ șȞȟȖȔȮȨȓ ȩȜȧ

ǽ ȡȤȞȦȖȔȖ ȖșȪȢȖȡȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȳȢ ȥȦȤȗȠȜȡȖȩȞȨȡȳȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȚȘȘȚȢȓȧ ȒȠȠȚȞȭȜ ȖȥȱșȚȞȣȜȧ ȉȤ ȥȦȱȗȠȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȤ ȡȞȖ ȥȠȜȝȳȦȖ ȖȥȤșȚȔȣȚȮȢ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȡȖȢȞȫȒȨȩȤ ȟȖȞ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȠȱȘȤ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȚȦȚȪȢȜȩȞȟȓ ȚȦȘȖȨȔȖ ȨȪȢȚȠȓȫȝȜ ȨȩȜ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȥȖȦȑșȤȣȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȨȪȢȚȞșȜȩȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȖȢȩȔȨȩȦȤȫȜ ȥȤȦȚȔȖ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȞ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȤȲȧ ȟȖȦȥȤȲȧ ȈȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȒȦȚȪȢȖ ȒȬȤȢȩȖȧ Ȯȧ ȟȖȩȚȲȝȪȢȨȜ ȩȞȧ ȖȥȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ 9HQWXUL ȟȖȞ .RROKDDV ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȚȔȩȖȞ Ȝ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜ ǾȚȮȦȔȖȧ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȩȞȟȓȧ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȆȞȤ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȖ ȨȟȤȥȱȧ ȡȖȧ ȨȩȑȝȜȟȚ Ȝ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜ D SRVWHULRUL ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȤȲ ȠȱȘȤȪ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȗȖȨȞȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȨȚ ȩȚȟȡȓȦȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȚȟșȜȠȳȨȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȒȟȪȭȖȢ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȬȢȑ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȪȥȱȗȖȝȦȤ ǷȫȚȩȜȦȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȒȦȚȪȢȖȧ ȪȥȓȦȣȚ Ȝ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ǹȞȖ Țȡȑȧ Ȯȧ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȡȚȘȑȠȤ ȡȑȝȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȉȤ ȚȢșȞȖȫȒȦȤȢ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȔșȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȱȬȞ Ȯȧ ȥȚșȔȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȒȡȗȖȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȱȢȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȚȤșȱȡȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȞȩȚȔȖȧ ȖȠȠȑ Ȯȧ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȤ țȮȓȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȨȪȡȥȔȥȩȚȞ ȡȚ ȒȢȖ ȖȪȣȖȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȚȢșȞȖȫȒȦȤȢ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȠȓȝȚȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ǽ ȖȢȖțȓȩȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȖȠȓȝȚȞȖȧ ȩȮȢ ȑȘȢȮȨȩȮȢ ȥȩȪȬȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ ȩȪȫȠȳȢ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȡȳȢ ȥȤȪ șȞȒȥȤȪȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȢȱȢȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȱȩȪȥȜȧ ȖȝȜȢȖȯȟȓȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȨȪȢȒȬȚȞȖ Ȝ ȥȦȤȨȥȑȝȚȞȖ ȟȖȩȖȢȱȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ șȞȚȦȚȲȢȜȨȓȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȤșȜȘȓȨȚȞ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ Țȟ ȩȮȢ ȪȨȩȒȦȮȢ ȟȖȩȖȢȱȜȨȜ ȖȪȩȤȲ ȥȤȪ ȓșȜ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ

ǺǽȆǷĪȋĪǽǾȃ ȆǼȀǺǽȋȀǷ

11

ǾȒȠȤȪȡȚ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ ȢȖ ȥȚȦȞȘȦȑȭȤȪȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȜ ȖȪȩȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȚȢȩȤȲȩȤȞȧ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȖȨȪȦȝȤȲȡȚ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȟȤȠȖȟȚȪȩȞȟȓ ȖȥȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȬȑȤȪȧ ȉȤ ȢȖ ȡȑȝȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȝȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȥȔȨȜȧ ȢȖ șȚȬȝȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ șȤȲȡȚ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȚȢȤȬȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȡȖȧ ǰȩȨȞ ȨȩȱȬȤȧ ȡȖȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȖȦȬȒȧ ȥȤȪ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȥȦȤȨșȔșȤȪȢ ȨȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȩȤ șȞȟȱ ȩȜȧ ȣȚȬȮȦȞȨȩȱ ȫȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ Ȯȧ ȥȱȠȜ ǮȠȠȮȨȩȚ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǾȚȮȦȔȖ ȤȫȚȔȠȚȞ ȢȖ ȝȒȨȚȞ ȚȦȮȩȓȡȖȩȖ Ȩѭ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȑȩȪȥȜ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȜ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȜ ȥȱȠȜ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȨȩȒȟȚȞ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȚȞȦȑ ȩȜȧ ȨȖȢ ȖȥȦȤȨȥȒȠȖȨȩȤȧ ȤȦȔțȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȲȥȖȦȣȓȧ ȡȖȧ ǹȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȥȚȩȲȬȤȪȡȚ ȖȪȩȱ ȘȞȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȥȠȑȢȜȩȚȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ǽ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜ ȨȩȞȧ ȖȝȒȖȩȚȧ ȥȠȚȪȦȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȦȔȝȜȟȚ Țȣ ȖȦȬȓȧ ȩȤ ȗȖȨȞȟȱ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȡȚȝȤșȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȡȚ ȚȡȚȔȧ ȤȞ ȔșȞȚȧ ȢȖ ȟȖȩȖȢȤȓȨȤȪȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȘȢȮȦȔȨȤȪȡȚ Țȟ ȢȒȤȪ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȡȖțȔ ȡȖȧ ǽ ȫȮȩȤȘȦȖȫȞȟȓ ȖȥȤȩȲȥȮȨȜ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȖȫȜȘȜȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȤȨȒȘȘȞȨȜ ȱȨȮȢ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȨȪȨȩȖȩȞȟȑ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȤȪ ȟȚȫȖȠȖȔȤȪ ȱȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȚȔȩȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȗȞȮȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȥȚȦȞȘȦȖȫȓ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȖȨȡȒȢȜ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȡȑȩȞȖ ȡȖȧ Ȯȧ ȥȚȦȞȥȖȩȜȩȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȳȢȩȖȧ ȢȖ ȟȖȩȖȘȦȑȭȤȪȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȚȢȩȲȥȮȨȜ ȥȤȪ ȡȖȧ ȥȦȤȟȖȠȚȔ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȖȢȩȞȟȦȔțȤȪȡȚ ȅȞ ȥȚȦȞȘȦȖȫȒȧ șȚȢ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȤȪȢ ȦȤȓ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȤȬȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȥȞȩȜșȚȪȡȒȢȖ ȖȥȤȨȥȖȨȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȤȨȥȑȝȚȞȑ ȡȖȧ ȢȖ ȖȥȤșȳȨȤȪȡȚ ȩȜȢ țȮȢȩȑȢȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȨȥȖȨȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȔșȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȀȖȩȑ ȩȤ ȥȦȱȩȪȥȤ ȩȤȪ .RROKDDV Ȝ ȖȫȜȘȜȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȨȩȦȖȩȜȘȞȟȓ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȪȢșȪȖȨȡȱȧ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȓȨȚȮȢ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȳȢ ȨȩȤȬȖȨȡȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȢȔȤȩȚ ȚȞȦȮȢȞȟȳȢ ȚȥȚȞȨȤșȞȮȢ ȉȤ ȲȫȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȚȫȖȠȖȔȤȪ ȟȪȡȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȞȡȚȢȞȟȤȲ ȨȬȤȠȞȖȨȡȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȚȟȫȦȖȨȩȞȟȤȲ ȠȪȦȞȨȡȤȲ ȂȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȮȢ ȥȚȦȞȘȦȖȫȳȢ ȥȖȦȚȡȗȑȠȠȤȢȩȖȞ ȫȮȩȤȘȦȖȫȔȚȧ ȩȦȖȗȜȘȡȒȢȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȔșȞȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȒȬȤȢȩȖȧ Ȯȧ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ ȩȖ ȡȒȨȖ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȓȧ șȞȟȩȲȮȨȜȧ LQVWDJUDP ȟȖȞ KDVKWDJ ȅȞ ȥȚȦȞȤȬȒȧ ȥȤȪ ȡȖȧ ȚȢșȞȖȫȒȦȤȪȢ șȤȡȓȝȜȟȖȢ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȜ ȡȚȩȖȥȤȠȚȡȞȟȓ ȥȚȦȔȤșȤ ȩȜȧ ȒȢȩȤȢȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȤȞȟȤșȱȡȜȨȜȧ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȤȦȘȑȢȮȨȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȞȨȩȤȦȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖșȲȝȜȟȖȢ ȘȦȓȘȤȦȖ ȨȩȖ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȜȧ ȘȞȖ ȑȡȚȨȜ ȨȩȒȘȖȨȜ ǻȢșȚȞȟȩȞȟȒȧ ȥȚȦȞȤȬȒȧ ȡȚ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȦȱȨȮȥȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȱȥȮȧ ȤȞ ǷȡȥȚȠȱȟȜȥȤȞ ȩȤ ǹȖȠȑȩȨȞ ȩȤȪ ǹȟȲțȜ Ȝ ǼȮȘȦȑȫȤȪ Ȝ ȀȖȠȠȞȝȒȖ Ȝ ȃȒȖ ȀȪȭȒȠȜ Ȥ ȃȒȤȧ ȀȱȨȡȤȧ Ȝ ȆȖȢȱȦȡȤȪ ȩȖ ȆȚȩȦȑȠȮȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȆȤȠȲȘȮȢȤ ȀȖȩȑ ȩȜ șȞȑȦȟȚȞȖ ȖȪȩȓȧ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȖțȓȩȜȨȜȧ ȒȘȞȢȚ șȞȚȣȤșȞȟȓ ȡȚȠȒȩȜ ȨȚ ȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȱȢȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȳȢ ȠȤȘȤȩȚȬȢȳȢ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȤȨȞȤȘȦȑȫȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȖȨȬȤȠȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȝȒȡȖȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ǷȢȖțȜȩȓȨȖȡȚ ȟȖȠȠȞȩȒȬȢȚȧ țȮȘȦȑȫȤȪȧ ȫȮȩȤȘȦȑȫȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȞȜȩȒȧ ȥȤȪ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȖȥȚȞȟȤȢȔȨȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȳȢȩȖȧ ȢȖ șȤȲȡȚ ȡȚ ȩȖ șȞȟȑ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȑȩȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȡȥȤȦȒȨȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȟȩȓȨȤȪȡȚ ȡȞȖ ȚȪȦȲȩȚȦȜ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȨȬȚȩȞȟȑ ȡȚ ȖȪȩȓȢ ǽ ȡȚȠȒȩȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȟȖȩȖȘȚȘȦȖȡȡȒȢȜȧ ȥȠȜȦȤȫȤȦȔȖȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȨȚ ȨȪȢșȪȖȨȡȱ ȡȚ ȩȜ șȞȟȓ ȡȖȧ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜ ȡȖȧ ȤșȜȘȚȔ ȨȩȤ Ȥ ȟȚȫȑȠȖȞȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȚȔȩȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȨȩȜȡȖȩȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȱȠȮȢ ȚȟȚȔȢȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȚȥȜȦȚȑțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǰȩȨȞ ȤșȜȘȤȲȡȖȨȩȚ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȑșȚȞȣȜ ȩȚȨȨȑȦȮȢ ȨȪȢȩȚȠȚȨȩȳȢ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȅȞ ȨȪȢȩȚȠȚȨȩȒȧ ȖȪȩȤȔ ȥȦȤȟȲȥȩȤȪȢ ȒȥȚȞȩȖ Ȗȥȱ șȞȚȦȚȲȢȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȑȠȪȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȚȥȞȡȒȦȤȪȧ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȒȟȪȭȖȢ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȒȦȚȪȢȖ ȥȚșȔȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȨȪȨȬȒȩȞȨȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȤ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȱ ȠȱȘȤ ȈȩȤ Ȥ ȟȚȫȑȠȖȞȤ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȤȲȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȤȲ ȠȱȘȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȡȚȩȑȗȖȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȨȩȜȢ ǾȚȮȦȔȖ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȖȨȪȢȚȔșȜȩȜ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȢȚȞșȜȩȓ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ǷȢȩȔ ȚȥȞȠȱȘȤȪ ȡȚ ȖȫȤȦȡȓ ȩȜ ȡȚȠȒȩȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȤȲȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜ ȚȢȱȧ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȤȲ ȡȤȢȩȒȠȤȪ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȜȢ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȩȜȢ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȖȢȖȠȲȤȪȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȨȬȚȩȔțȤȪȡȚ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȉȒȠȤȧ ȨȩȤȪȧ mȖȢȖȨȩȤȬȖȨȡȤȲȧ} ȝȒȩȤȪȡȚ ȥȦȤȗȠȜȡȖȩȞȨȡȤȲȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȦȮȩȓȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȒȨȤȪȢ ȗȑȨȜ ȘȞȖ ȥȚȦȖȞȩȒȦȮ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜ ȩȜȧ ȒȦȚȪȢȖȧ

12

learning from ATHENS

ǸǿǸȁǿȅǹȇǷȋǿȀǽ ǷȃǷȈȀȅȆǽȈǽ ȈȩȜ șȞȚȝȢȒȧ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȗȞȗȠȞȤȘȦȖȫȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȒȬȚȞ ȓșȜ ȥȦȤȨȚȘȘȔȨȚȞ ȥȩȪȬȒȧ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȤȪ ȝȒȡȖȩȤȧ

B -RKQ +DEUDNHQ 7KH 6WUXFWXUH RI WKH 2UGLQDU\ )RUP DQG &RQWURO LQ WKH %XLOW (QYLURQPHQW 0,7 3UHVV &DPEULGJH DQG /RQGRQ B 5HP .RROKDDV 'HOLULRXV 1HZ <RUN D UHWURDFWLYH 0DQLIHVWR IRU 0DQKDWWDQ 7KH 0RQDFHOOL 3UHVV 1HZ <RUN B 5REHUW 9HQWXUL 'HQLVH 6FRWW %URZQ 6WHYHQ ,]HQRXU /HDUQLQJ IURP /DV 9HJDV 7KH 0,7 SUHVV

ǽ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȮȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȮȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȳȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ șȚȢ ȒȬȚȞ ȡȚȠȚȩȜȝȚȔ ȚȟȩȚȢȳȧ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȗȞȗȠȞȤȘȦȖȫȔȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȦȟȚȩȑ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȜ Ȏȧ ȗȞȗȠȔȖ ȖȢȖȫȤȦȑȧ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȓȝȜȟȖȢ ȩȖ Țȣȓȧ

B $WKHQV $EVROXWH 5HDOLVP Ȝ ǺȞȚȝȢȓȧ ǰȟȝȚȨȜ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ǻȥȔȩȦȤȥȤȞ ȉȑȟȜȧ ȀȤȪȡȥȓȧ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ 5LFKDUG 6FRIILHU B ǻȫȓȡȚȦȖ ȟȖȞ ǷȞȳȢȞȖ ǷȝȓȢȖ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ȆȤȠȞȩȞȨȩȞȟȱ DzșȦȪȡȖ ȅȡȔȠȤȪ ȆȚȞȦȖȞȳȧ B 0$'( ,1 $7+(16 Ȝ ǺȞȚȝȢȓȧ ǰȟȝȚȨȜ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ǻȥȔȩȦȤȥȤȞ ȆȑȢȤȧ ǺȦȖȘȳȢȖȧ ǮȢȢȖ ȈȟȞȑșȖ B ǽ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ǹȞȑȢȢȜȧ ǷȔȨȮȥȤȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ȂǻȉǷȆȅȁǿȈ

ǺǽȆǷĪȋĪǽǾȃ ȆǼȀǺǽȋȀǷ

13

14

learning from ATHENS

ǰmN Z+|)zǰ|+zǰ +Z zǰ| 01

15

ǽ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ Ȥ ȗȖȨȞȟȱȧ ȞȨȩȱȧ ȩȮȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȱȥȤȪ țȤȲȡȚ ȟȖȝȜ ȡȚȦȞȢȑ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȢȲȤȪȡȚ ȩȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤ ȡȒ ȦȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȬȦȱȢȤȪ ȡȖȧ șȤȡȚȔȩȖȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȩȖȠȑȗȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ ȖȦ ȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȤȲ ȒȦȘȤȪ ȉȤ țȓȩȜȡȖ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȘȞȖ Țȡȑȧ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȩȤ șȤ ȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ Ȯȧ ȚȘȘȚȢȳȧ ȤȞȟȚȔȤ ȒȬȤȪȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȩȑȨȜ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȥȚȦȢȑ ȡȚ Ȯȧ șȚșȤȡȒȢȤ ȉȤ ȥȖȢȩȖȬȤȲ ȥȖȦȱȢ ȩȤ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȩȤ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȫȱȢȩȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȞȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȞȢȤȩȤȡȔȚȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȳȦȖ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȥȤȪ ȒȦȬȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȟȓȢȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȖȢȖ ȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȫȤȦȑ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȫȤȦȑ ȟȖȞ ȬȦȱ ȢȤ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȬȦȱȢȤ ȂȖȝȖȞȢȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȟȤȢȩȤȨȩȚ ȟȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȚȟȚȔ ȥȤȪ ȤȞ ȑȠȠȤȞ ȥȦȤȨȥȚȦȢȤȲȢ ȗȞȖȨȩȞȟȑ ȆȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ Țȟ ȢȒȤȪ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȡȖțȔ ȡȖȧ ȱȬȞ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȚȟȝȚȞȑȨȤȪȡȚ ȟȞ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȠȞȘȱȩȚȦȤ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȟȖȩȖȘȦȑȭȤȪȡȚ ȖȠȠȑ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȖȢȖ ȘȢȮȦȔȨȤȪȡȚ ǷȠȠȑ ȥȳȧ ȝȖ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȪȫȝȚȔ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȓșȜ ȪȥȓȦȣȚ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȚȬȔțȚȞ ȢȖ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȩȱȨȤ ȱȡȮȧ ȦȤȪȫȜȘȡȒȢȤ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȠȠȤȩȦȔȮȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȥȤȪ Ȭȑ ȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȗȖȦȚȩȱ ȩȤȪ ȤȞȟȚȔȤȪ

Ȃ ǻ ȉ ǽ ȃ Ȇ ǻ ȇ ǿ Ȇ ȁ Ƿ ȃ ǽ Ȉ ǽ 16

learning from ATHENS

ǰmN Z+|)zǰ|+zǰ +Z z

ǾȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȑ Ȥ șȪȨșȞȑȨȩȖȩȤȧ ȬȑȦȩȜȧ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ șȪȢȜȩȞȟȳȢ șȞȖșȦȤȡȳȢ ȥȦȤȧ ȖȟȤ ȠȤȲȝȜȨȜ ȈȩȜȢ ȥȦȑȣȜ ȟȑȥȤȞȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȩȞȧ șȞȖșȦȤȡȒȧ ȪȠȤȥȤȞȤȲȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȨȪȨȩȜȡȖȩȞȟȑ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȥȚȦȞȨȩȖȨȞȖȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȚȧ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȡȜȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ Ƿȥѭ ȩȜȢ ȑȠȠȜ ȤȞ ȚȥȞȨȟȒȥȩȚȧ ȖȪȩȤȔ ȥȤȪ ȫȩȑȢȤȪȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȢȖțȜȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȟȑȩȞ șȚȢ ȝȖ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȢ ȨȩȤȢ ȬȑȦȩȜ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȖȥȖȦȑȨȩȖȨȜ ȚȢȱȧ ȖȢȚȣȚȦȚȲȢȜȩȤȪ ȥȚșȔȤȪ ȖȠȠȑ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȖ ȝȖ ȥȖȨȬȔȨȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȚȢȩȤȥȔȨȤȪȢ ȨȜȡȚȔȖ ȖȢȖȫȤȦȑȧ ȩȱ ȥȤȪȧ ȨȩȱȬȤȪȧ ȂȱȢȤ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȚ ȦȞȥȠȖȢȑȩȖȞ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȱ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȠȖȗȪȦȔȢȝȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȚȘȖȠȤȲȥȤȠȜȧ ȡȥȤ ȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȖȫȤȪȘȟȦȖȨȩȚȔ ȟȑȝȚ ȩȜȧ ȓȬȤ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ șȞȚȞȨșȲȨȚȞ ȨȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȜȧ ǰȩȨȞ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ѯȑȨȟȤȥȜѰ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȦȤȤȦȞ Ȩȡȱ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȡȚȔȧ Ȯȧ ȞșȞȱȩȪȥȤȞ IODQHXU ȘȤȜȩȚȪȡȒȢȤȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȡȚ ȥȦȑȘȡȖȩȖ ȑȘȢȮȨȩȖ ȨȚ ȱȨȤȪȧ ȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȤȲȢ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȟȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȚȥȖȩȜȡȒȢȜ ȩȞȧ ȩȪȥȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȚȧ șȞȖ șȦȤȡȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱ ȩȜȩȑ ȩȤȪȧ ǷȥȤȡȖȟȦȪȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȢȤȜȩȞȟȑ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȡȖȧ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȤȲȡȚ ȡȚ ȟȖȝȖȦȱ ȢȤȪ ȖȥȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȮȡȒȢȤȞ Ȗȥȱ ȗȞȮȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȡȢȓȡȚȧ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȫȝȤȲȡȚ ȩȤ ȪȥȑȦ ȬȤȢ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȜ șȚșȤȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȞȘȡȓ ȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȖȢȩȞȟȦȔțȤȪȡȚ ȉȤ ȢȖ ȡȑȝȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȝȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȥȔȨȜȧ ȢȖ șȚȬȝȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ șȤȲȡȚ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȚȢȤȬȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȡȖȧ ȢȖ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȭȤȪȡȚ ȨȩȜ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȡȖȧ ȢȖ ȤșȜȘȜȝȚȔ ȨȚ ȖȥȦȱȗȠȚȥȩȤȪȧ ȨȪȢȚȞȦ ȡȤȲȧ

mǾȒȠȮ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȟȩȓȨȮ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȥȤȪ ȚȔȬȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ țȮ ȚȟȚȔȢȜ ȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȩȜȧ ȥȚȦȞȒȦȘȚȞȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȚȢȩȪȥȮȨȞȖȨȡȤȲ ȩȤȪ ȡȞȟȦȤȲ ȥȖȞșȞȤȲ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȨȪȡȗȞȗȖȨȡȤȲȧ ȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȩȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȡȪȝȞȤȲ }

*OHEHU $QNH 7KH DUW RI WDNLQJ D ZDON )ODQHULH OLWHUDWXUH DQG ILOP LQ :HLPDU FXOWXUH 3ULQFHWRQ 3ULQFHWRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ SUHVV ȨȚȠ ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

17

CȎZC ǰďǰ)l+ T)t+ǰmfN+ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȉȞ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ ǹȞȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȡȚȘȖȠȤȲȥȤȠȜ ȗȦȱȡȞȟȜ ȬȖȤȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȮȩȚȲȤȪȨȖ ȡȤȠȪȨȡȒȢȜ ȡȚ ȢȒȫȤȧ ȗȑȨȖȢȤ ȒȦȘȤ ȩȮȢ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȟȳȢ ȡȜȬȖȢȞ ȟȳȢ ǹȞȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȣȒȢȤȪȧ ȚȥȞȨȟȒȥȩȚȧ ȩȜȧ șȜȡȤȫȞȠȓȧ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȱȧ ȖȣȞȤȝȒȖȩȖ ȑȨȥȦȖ ȟȩȔȦȞȖ ȟȓȥȤȞ ȨȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȘȠȪȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȥȖ ȘȮȡȒȢȤ ȢȚȦȱ ȟȖȝȞȨȡȒȢȤȞ ȑȢȝȦȮȥȤȞ ȗȦȖșȞȢȓ ȟȔȢȜȨȜ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȞȨȝȑȢȚȨȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ șȲȤ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȩȜ ȨȩȖȩȞ ȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȦȩ ȥȤȨȩȑȠ ȩȜȢ ȚȣȚȪȦȮȥȖȯȨȡȒȢȜ ȩȮȢ ȡȖȦȡȑ ȦȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ ȟȞȱȢȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȦȚȪȨȩȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȩȜ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȖȠȠȑ țȮȢȩȖȢȓ ǽ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȨȩȒȟȚȞ ȨȖȢ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȨȟȜȢȞȟȱ Țșȳ ȟȖȞ ȖȞȳȢȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȟȠȖȨȨȞȟȓ ȖȦȬȖȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȩȤȪȧ ȢȚȤȟȠȖȨȞȟȤȲȧ ȖȥȤȘȱȢȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȚ ȠȖȡȥȦȱ ȒȡȗȠȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȩȤȢ ȆȖȦȝȚȢȳȢȖ ȫȖȢȩȑțȚȞ ȖȥȦȤȨȥȒȠȖȨȩȜ ȡȥȦȤȨȩȑ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘ ȬȦȤȢȜ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȜ ȝȖȡȥȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓȧ țȮȓȧ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȨȪȢȚȬȳȧ ȡȚȩȖȗȖȠȠȱȡȚȢȜ șȞȚȟșȞȟȚȔ ȢȒȖ ȚșȑȫȜ ȢȖ șȜȠȳȨȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȖȢȩȖȬȤȲ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȩȜȧ ǽ ȨȪȢȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȩȤȪȧ șȞȱȠȤȪ ȖȦȡȤȢȞȟȓ ǽ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȜȩȓ ȞșȖȢȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȖȞȳȢȞȖ ȚȢȑȢȩȞȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȑȨȜ ȡȜ ȠȞȘȱȩȚȦȤ ȥȦȤȗȚȗȠȜȡȒȢȜ ȚȫȓȡȚȦȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȅ ȣȒȢȤȧ ȥȦȤȨȒȬȚȞ ȩȤ ȖȨȪȢȓȝȞȨȩȤ ȩȤ ȡȤȢȖșȞȟȱ ȩȤ ȠȖȡȥȦȱ ȟȖȠȑ ȥȦȤȫȪȠȖȘȡȒȢȤ ȥȖȦȚȠȝȱȢ ȩȜȧ ȉȤȢ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤ ȩȤȢ ȖȥȖȨȬȤ ȠȚȔ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȤ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȥȖȔȦȢȚȞ șȞ ȖȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓȧ ȩȦȒȠȖȧ ȀȞ ȚȡȚȔȧ ȣȚȫȚȲȘȤȢȩȖȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȖȨȫȑȠȚȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȨȪȘȟȞȢȜȩȞȟȱ ȥȚșȔȤ ȩȮȢ ȥȚȦȞȥȑȩȮȢ ȩȜȧ șȜȡȤȫȞȠȤȲȧ ȟȤȞȢȤȲȧ ȠȤȘȞȟȓȧ ȟȖȩȚȪȝȪȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȨȩȖ ȑșȪȩȖ ȩȤȪ ȘȟȦȔțȤȪ ȥȠȜȢ ȜȠȞȱȠȤȪȨȩȤȪ mȩȒȦȖȩȤȧ} ȟȖȞ ȖȫȜȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȥȦȤȰȥȱȝȚȩȜ ȩȪȬȖȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȡȞȖȧ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜȧ

2.

3.

18

learning from ATHENS

mȆȤȠȞȑȧ} ȥȤȠȞȤȲȬȤȧ ȤȢȤȡȑțȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȝȚȑ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȨȩȖȩȚȲȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǻȥȔȝȚȩȤ ȥȤȪ ȨȪȢȱșȚȪȚ ȩȤ ȱȢȤȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȜȢȑȧ ȥȚȦȞȘȦȑȫȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȜ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȥȦȤȨȩȖȨȔȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȫȮȩȚȞȢȓȧ ȝȚȑȧ ȩȜȧ ȘȢȳȨȜȧ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȳȢ ǷȞȩȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȦȓȣȜȧ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȖȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ mȡȚ ȩȑȝȚȨȜ} ȩȮȢ ȖȦȬȖȔȮȢ ȝȚȤȩȓȩȮȢ ǽ ǷȝȜȢȑ ȝȚȑ ȩȜȧ ȨȤȫȔȖȧ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȒȫȪȘȚ ȖȫȓȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȜ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȥȞȤ ȨȟȤȩȚȞȢȓ ȝȚȑ ȩȜȢ ǮȦȩȚȡȜ ȩȮȢ șȖȨȳȢ ȖȥȤȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȦȱȗȠȚȥȩȜ ȢȤ ȡȑșȖ ȟȖȞ ȟȪȢȜȘȱ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȢȖ ȡȚȨȤȠȖȗȚȔ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȘȦȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȱѴ}

mȈȚ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȨȜ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȆȖȦȔȨȞ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȖ ȑȠȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȟȓȥȤȞ ȨȪȢșȒȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȟȪȟȠȤȫȤȦȞȖȟȒȧ ȖȦȩȜȦȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȒȢȖ șȔȟȩȪȤ șȚȢȩȦȱȫȪȩȮȢ ȬȳȦȮȢ ȥȚȦȞȥȑȩȤȪ ȥȤȪ șȤȡȚȔ ȟȖȝȤȠȞȟȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȓ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȇȳȡȜ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȖ șȞȑȫȤȦȖ ȞȨȩȤȦȞȟȑ ȨȩȦȳȡȖȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȡȞȖȔȢȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȒȢȖ ȩȤ ȑȠȠȤ ȨȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȤȞ ȖȦȬȖȞȤȠȤȘȞȟȤȔ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȢȩȚȠȳȧ ȖȥȤȟȤȡȡȒȢȤȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȅȞ ȩȤȪȦȔȨȩȚȧ ȖȞȬȡȑȠȮȩȤȞ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȝȒȠȜȨȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȤ ȟȒȢȩȦȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȱȥȤȪ ȖȥȖȘȤȦȚȲȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȟȪȟȠȤȫȤȦȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȖȪȩȤȟȞȢȓȩȮȢ șȚȢ ȖȢȖȡȚȞȘȢȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȥȤȩȒ ȡȚ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȪȩȱȬȝȤȢȚȧ ȥȠȜȝȪȨȡȤȲȧ ȒȘȟȠȚȞȨȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȨȪȢȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȩȤȪȧ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȡȤȞȑțȚȞ ȢȖ ȖȦȢȚȔȩȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȟȞȢȜȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȘȟȖȩȑȠȚȞȭȜ ȩȜȢ ȥȚ ȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜ ǷȢȩѭ ȖȪȩȳȢ ȥȦȤȩȞȡȑ ȩȖ ȥȤȞȜȩȞȟȑ ȟȤȠȑț ȥȤȪ ȨȪȢȖȞȦȤȲȢ ȟȱȨȡȤȪȧ ȚȢȩȚȠȳȧ ȑȨȬȚ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȤȪȧ }

- 3 9HUQDQW /D PRQW GDQV OHV \HX[ ǷȠȚȣȑȢșȦȚȞȖ ǷȝȓȢȖ 5LFKDUG 6FRIILHU ȉȖ șȞșȑȘȡȖȩȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ $WKHQV $EVROXWH UHDOLVP ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

19

m ǹȞȖ ȢȖ ȡȜȢ ȖȥȤȘȤȜȩȚȲȨȚȞ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ Ȥ ȩȖȣȞșȞȳȩȜȧ ȤȫȚȔȠȚȞ ȢȖ ȚȥȖȞȢȒȨȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȦȩȥȤȨȩȑȠ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȤȩȞȡȓȨȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȨȜ ȡȚȦȞȢȓѴ Ȝ ȬȖȡȒȢȜ ȂȖȪȦȞȠȔȖ ȒȘȞȢȚ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ ȡȜȩȦȱȥȤȠȜ ȟȖȞ șȚȢ ȝȖ ȫȖȞȢȱ ȩȖȢ ȘȦȖȫȞȟȓ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ ȖȢ Ȝ ȂȖȪȦȞȠȔȖ ȥȖȦȒȡȚȢȚ ȱȥȮȧ ȓȩȖȢ ȑȠȠȮȨȩȚ ȡȞȖ ȡȜȩȦȱȥȤȠȜ ȒȬȚȞ ȟȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȟȖȠȱ ȱȩȞ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȒȘȞȢȚ ȡȥȤȦȚȔȧ ȢȖ ȝȪȡȑȨȖȞ ȡȚ ȢȤȨȩȖȠȘȔȖ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ }

,WDOR &DOYLQR ǷȱȦȖȩȚȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȀȖȨȩȖȢȞȮȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ

20

learning from ATHENS

#WKLVLVDWKHQV

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

21

22

learning from ATHENS

ȀǷǾǽȂǻȇǿȃǽ ǻȂȆǻǿȇǿǷ ǷȫȓȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȥȔȨȮ ȡȖȧ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȤȪ ȆȖȦȝȚȢȳȢȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȦȖȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȩȜȢ Ȯȧ ȚȢȝȲȡȜȨȜ ȨȚ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ ȥȤȪ ȝȒȠȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȩȦȒȣȤȪȡȚ ȫȖȢȩȖȨȞȖȟȑ ȘȞȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȈȩȤȪȧ ȥȤȠȪȨȲȬȢȖȨȩȤȪȧ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȤȲȧ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ șȤȢȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȟȪȟȠȤȫȤȦȔȖѴ ǽ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȢȮȨȩȞȨȡȤȲ ȨȩȤ ȟȒȢȩȦȤ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ Ȝ ȘȤȦȘȓ ȨȪȨȨȳȦȚȪȨȜ ȡȚȩȖȗȖȠȠȱȡȚȢȮȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȮȢ Ȝ ȖȥȱȩȤȡȜ ȖȨȪȢȒȬȚȞȖ ȨȚ ȱȨȖ ȖȦȥȑțȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȖȥȦȤȨșȱȟȜȩȜ ȚȞȨȗȤȠȓ ȚȢȩȪȥȳȨȚȮȢ ȨȪȢȝȒȩȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȫȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȩȤȪ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȤȪ ȩȦȱȥȤȪ țȮȓȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȡȚȘȖȠȤȪȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȂȞȖ țȮȓ ȘȚȡȑȩȜ ȪȥȤȬȦȚȳȨȚȞȧ ȑȘȬȤȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȠȤȘȖȦȞȖȨȡȤȲȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȢȤȔȟȞ ȨȪțȪȘȞȟȤȲȧ ȟȖȗȘȑșȚȧ ȥȦȮȞȢȱ ȣȲȥȢȜȡȖ ȡȚȘȑȠȚȧ șȞȖșȦȤȡȒȧ Ȗȥȱ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜ șȤȪȠȚȞȑ

N)ȎlftfC

ȈȩȤȪȧ ȥȤȠȪȨȲȬȢȖȨȩȤȪȧ șȦȱȡȤȪȧ Ȥ ȨȪȢȮȨȩȞȨȡȱȧ Ȝ ȒȢȩȖȨȜ Ȝ ȚȘȦȓȘȤȦȨȜ Ȝ ȡȖțȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȤȲȢ ȨȪȢȝȒȩȤȪȢ ȡȞȖ ȖȠȠȜȠȤȪȬȔȖ ȚȦȚȝȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȩȱȨȤ șȪȢȖȩȳȢ ȥȤȪ ȨȪȬȢȑ ȩȒȡȢȤȪȢ ȗȔȖȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȅȞ ȟȖȩȖȩȡȓȨȚȞȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȫȒȦȢȤȪȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȖȢȩȞȡȒȩȮȥȤȪȧ ȡȚ ȡȞȖ ȗȞȖȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȫȤȦȒȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȤȥȤȔȖȧ ȓȩȖȢ ȟȑȥȤȩȚ Ȝ ȫȲȨȜ ȟȖȩȖȨȩȦȤȫȞȟȤȔ ȬȚȔȡȖȦȦȤȞ ȗȤȪȢȑ ȡȚ ȖȥȦȱȗȠȚȥȩȚȧ ȟȖȩȤȠȞȨȝȓȨȚȞȧ ȓ ȖșȞȑȗȖȩȖ șȑȨȜ ȟȖȩȖȫȲȘȞȖ ȑȘȦȞȮȢ țȳȮȢ ȅȞ ȟȔȢșȪȢȤȞ ȖȪȩȤȔ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ ȚȣȖȠȚȞȫȝȚȔ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȖȨȩȖȝȚȔ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȑȠȠȜ ȗȔȖ ȥȞȤ ȖȥȑȢȝȦȮȥȜ ȥȞȤ ȨȪȢȩȖȦȖȟȩȞȟȓ ȫȤȦȒȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȤȥȤȔȖȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȩȖȬȚȔȖ ȦȪȥȖȢȩȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȥȪȟȢȓ ȟȔȢȜȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȖȪȩȤȟȞȢȓȩȮȢ ȅȞ ȟȲȦȞȚȧ ȖȦȩȜȦȔȚȧ ȱȥȮȧ Ȝ Ȥșȱȧ ȆȚȞȦȖȞȳȧ ȓ Ȝ ȠȚȮȫȱȦȤȧ ȈȪȘȘȦȤȲ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȤȪȢ ȩȜ ȨȲȢșȚȨȜ ȖȠȠȑ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȨȜȡȖȩȤșȤȩȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȩȤȡȓ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȡȑȟȦȪȢȨȜ ȩȤȢ ȖȥȤȟȠȚȞȨȡȱ ȀȤȡȡȑȩȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȢȚȥȖȢȱȦȝȮȩȖ ȒȘȟȠȚȞȨȩȖ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȨȖȢ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȤ ȨȟȜȢȞȟȱ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȨȲȬȢȖȨȩȮȢ șȞȖșȦȤȡȳȢ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȟȖȩȚȪȝȪȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȠȤȲȡȖȨȩȚ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȡȚ

ǽ ȖȥȱȫȖȨȓ ȡȖȧ ȢȖ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȖȢȜȝȤȲȡȚ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȖ ȚȥȞȠȒȘȤȢȩȖȧ Ȯȧ ȖȣȞȤȝȒȖȩȖ ȩȞȧ ȩȪȬȖȔȚȧ ȪȥȑȦȣȚȞȧ ȪȥȤșȚȞȟȢȲȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ ȡȖȧ ȘȞȖ ȡȞȖ mȘȠȪȟȞȑ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȔȖ} ȆȦȤȨȗȠȒȥȤȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȑȨȟȤȥȜ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȥȩȤȪȡȚ ȥȦȑȘȡȖȩȖ ȖȨȲȠȠȜȥȩȖ ȘȞȖ ȱȨȤȪȧ ȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȤȲȢ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȟȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȚȥȖȩȜȡȒȢȜ ȩȞȧ ȩȪȥȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȚȧ șȞȖșȦȤȡȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȩȜȩȑȧ ȩȤȪȧ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

23

Ƿ ȌȇȎȂȅ ȆȔȨȮ ȓ ȥȖȦȑȥȠȚȪȦȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȨȲȬȢȖȨȩȮȢ șȦȱȡȮȢ ȖȥȠȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȑȘȢȮȨȩȜ ȥȠȚȪȦȑ ȩȜȧ ȥȱ ȠȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȖțȜȩȤȲȡȚ ȅȞ ǷȡȥȚȠȱȟȜȥȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ǹȟȲțȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ǷȠȚȣȑȢșȦȖȧ Ȥ ȃȒȤȧ ȀȱȨȡȤȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȈȪȘȘȦȤȲ ȉȱȨȤ ȟȤȢȩȑ ȟȞ ȱȡȮȧ ȩȱȨȤ ȡȖȟȦȞȑ ȁȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȥȖȔȢȤȪȡȚ ȟȑȩȮ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȘ ȬȦȤȢȤ ȟȩȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȟȑȠȪȡȡȖ ȥȤȪ ȟȦȖȩȑȚȞ ȡȖȟȦȞȑ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȩȖȨȜ ȩȜ ȗȤȪȓ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȚȘȦȓȘȤȦȨȜ ȩȮȢ șȜȡȤȫȞȠȳȢ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȚȟȩȤȥȔțȚȞ ȡȖȟȦȞȑ ȡȖțȔ ȡȚ ȖȪȩȑ ȤȥȤȞȤșȓȥȤȩȚ ȬȖ ȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȓ mȬȦȳȡȖ} ȂȔȖ ȝȖȡȥȓ ȖȩȡȱȨȫȖȞȦȑ ȥȠȖȢȑȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȱȠȖ ȖȥȤȟȩȤȲȢ ȨȩȖ ȡȑȩȞȖ ȡȖȧ ȡȔȖ ȞȨȤȥȚșȮȩȞȟȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȈȜȡȚȔȖ ȖȢȖȫȤȦȑȧ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ǺȚȢ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȤȦȞȨȩȚȔ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ șȞȖșȦȤȡȓ ȨȪȢȚȥȳȧ ȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȤȲȡȚ ȩȜ ȡȒȝȤșȤ ȩȜȧ ȠȤȣȤșȦȱȡȜ ȨȜȧ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȚȡȥȤșȔȮȢ ǷȥȤȥȦȤȨȖȢȖȩȤȠȞțȱȡȖȨȩȚ ǽ ȩȪȬȖȔȖ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȥȤȟȩȓȨȚȞ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ șȞȖȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȫȜȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȢȩȲȥȮȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȞȘȡȓȧ ǮȠȠȮȨȩȚ Ȝ ȥȦȮ ȩȖȦȬȞȟȓ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȥȦȤȜȘȚȔȩȖȞ ȤȥȤȞȖȨșȓȥȤȩȚ ȠȤȘȞȟȓȧ ȚȦȡȜȢȚȔȖȧ

24

learning from ATHENS

ǷȊȉȅȈȌǻǺǿȅ

mÅÂͱ ÅͱÃ͸ ¼ͬͳͳÀͲº ÉÀÇ ½ͱÊþÂͫÇ ÉÍͳ ú͹ͳ źÆͫ ¾ÅͮɾʼͲº Ͳ¾¼ºÃͱËÊ͹ͳ ºͳÁÆ͹ÅÍͳ

ÍÇ ºÅͱÉͬþÈͲº ½Âº½ͱʹÂͰ͹ͳ ÈʼͰͱÃÃͭȾÍͳ |

ȌȮȦȔȧ ȠȤȘȞȟȓ ȨȪȘȟȚȢȩȦȳȨȚȞȧ Ȗȥȱ ȬȮȦȤȩȖȣȞȟȒȧ ȖȠȠȜȠȤȪȬȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȪ șȒȩȚȦȖ ȟȩȔȨȡȖȩȖ ȖȢȖșȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȑȣȖȫȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȖ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȥȚȦ ȥȖȩȑȡȚ ǻȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȑȢȖȦȬȖ ȨȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȠȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȘȒȢȢȜȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȨȩȞȘȡȞȖȔȖ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȡȚȩȤȪȨȞȳȝȜȟȚ ȨȚ ȟȩȔȨȡȖ ǺȚȢ ȪȥȖȟȤȲȢ ȨȚ ȟȖȢȱȢȚȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȒȬȤȪȢ Ȯȧ ȨȩȱȬȤ ȢȖ ȚȣȖȢȩȠȓȨȤȪȢ ȟȑȝȚ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȥȞȝȖȡȓ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȥȦȤȧ șȱȡȜȨȜ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȳȢȩȖȧ ȡȞȖ ȡȑțȖ ȩȱȨȤ ȨȪȡȥȖȘȓ ȥȤȪ ȖȫȓȢȚȞ ȠȔȘȖ ȥȚȦȞȝȳȦȞȖ ȘȞȖ șȞȖȥȚȦȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȤȥȩȞȟȒȧ ȬȖȦȑȣȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȡȱȢȤ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȚȣȪȥȜȦȚȩȜȝȚȔ Ȝ ȖȢȖ ȘȟȖȔȖ ȟȪȟȠȤȫȤȦȔȖ ǺȚȢ ȝȪȡȔțȚȞ ȨȚ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ ȩȖ ȥȦȱȩȪȥȖ ȩȜȧ șȪȩȞȟȓȧ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȔȖȧ ȅ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȖȪȩȱȧ ȤȞ ȱȘȟȤȞ ȖȪȩȤȔ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȤȩȒ ȢȖ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȚȔ ȓ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȨȩȚȔ Ȗȥȱ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȢ Ȯȧ ȨȪȨȨȮȡȑȩȮȡȖ șȜ ȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȫȓȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȡȔȖ ȑȢȚȪ ȨȬȚșȔȤȪ ȖȢȑȥȩȪ ȣȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȑȢȚȪ ȱȦȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜȧ

ͮ͜ͰÉÍÆ ͤʼͰ͹ 5

Ƿ Ȃȅȇȋȅ ǽ ȫȖȞȢȤȡȚȢȞȟȓ Ȗ ȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȤȪȨȞȖȨȩȞȟȑ Ȝ ȖșȪȢȖȡȔȖ ȖȢȖȘȢȳȦȞȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȨȖȫȓȢȞȨȜȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȨȪ ȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȪȦȞȖȦȬȤȲȨȖȧ ȡȤȦȫȓȧ ǽ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȗȒȗȖȞȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȟȚȔ ȖȦȟȚȔ ȢȖ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȡȚ dzȨȤ ȖȪȣȑȢȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȥȖȦȖȡȤȢȓ ȡȖȧ ȨȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȱȨȤ ȖȦȬȔțȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȱȨȤ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȩȱȨȤ ȖȦȬȔțȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȣȚșȞȖȠȲȢȚȞ Ȝ Țȟ ȥȦȳȩȜȧ ȱȭȚȮȧ ȝȖȡȥȓ ȟȖȞ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȜ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǻȢȳ ȡȤȞȑ țȚȞ ȥȖȢȩȤȲ ȔșȞȖ ȖȦȬȔțȤȪȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȚȞșȜȩȤȥȤȞȤȲȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȢȩȚȠȳȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȓ ȨȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȩȜȧ ȈȩȦȒȫȤȪȡȚ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȭȜȠȑ Ȝ ȥȦȮȩȖȦȬȞȟȑ ȖȥȖȩȜȠȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȬȑȢȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȔȦȢȚȞ ȡȔȖ ȨȚȞȦȑ Ȗȥȱ ȚȥȖȢȖȠȖȡȗȖȢȱȡȚȢȚȧ ȡȤȢȑșȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȘȢȮȨȩȓȧ ȨȚ ȱȠȤȪȧ ȡȖȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ǰȢȖȧ ȟȩȜȦȞ Ȗȟȱȧ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȩȱȨȤ șȞȖșȚșȤȡȒȢȤȧ ȥȤȪ ȫȩȑȢȚȞ ȨȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞѴșȚșȤȡȒȢȤȧ ǰȬȚȞ ȩȖȪȩȞȨȩȚȔ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȖȨȩȞ ȟȱ ȘȔȘȢȚȨȝȖȞ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȖȦȮȩȞȒȨȖȞ ȖȢ ȤȞ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȥȦȤȜȘȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȓ ȒȥȤȢȩȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȘȒȢȚȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȈȖȢ ȢȖ ȪȥȓȦȬȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȡȖțȔ ȡȖȧ

ǸȔȟȩȮȦ ȅȪȘȟȳ ǽ ȆȖȢȖȘȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȆȖȦȞȨȔȮȢ ȡȩȫȦ ǷȢȩȳȢȜȧ ȂȤȨȬȤȗȑȟȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ ǸȞȗȠȞȤȝȓȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȱȠȤȪȧ ȨȚȠ ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

25

ǷȆȅǺȅȂǽȈǽ

ȂȚ ȒȢȖ ȥȦȮȩȱȘȢȮȦȤ ȚȢșȞȖȫȒȦȤȢ ȖȢȖȟȖȠȲȥȩȤȪȡȚ Țȟ ȢȒȤȪ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȡȖțȔ ȡȖȧ ȈȪȢȚȥȳȧ ȔȨȮȧ ȠȔȘȤȞ ȢȖ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȥȦȤȨȒȣȚȞ ȒȮȧ ȩȳȦȖ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȘȚȢȢȓȝȜȟȚ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ țȚȪȘȑȦȞ ȡȔȖ ȨȚȞȦȑ Ȗȥȱ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȚȧ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȚȧ ȩȨȞȡȒ ȢȩȤȪ Ȫȥȱ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȥȦȤȗȱȠȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȡȔȖ ȨȚȞȦȑ Ȗȥȱ ȟȖȩȖȟȱ ȦȪȫȚȧ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȚȧ ȪȫȑȨȡȖȩȤȧ Ȫȥȱ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȨȟȔȖȨȩȦȤȪ ǽ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȨȚȞȦȑ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȩȪȥȞȟȱ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖ ȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȩȤ ȨȲȡȗȤȠȤ ȩȮȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȳȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ǽ șȚȲȩȚȦȜ Ȫȥȱ ȩȤ ȥȦȱȨȬȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȤȨȩȖȨȔȖȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȓȠȞȤ ȟȖȩѭ ȤȪȨȔȖ ȦȪȝȡȔțȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȒȟȝȚȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȚȢșȱȩȚȦȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȡȥȖȠȟȤȢȞȳȢ ȨȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȘȚȞȩȱȢȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȥȚȦȖȨȩȞȟȳȢ ȈȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȱȥȤȪ Ȥ ȦȪȝȡȞȨȩȞȟȱȧ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȩȒ ȢȩȖȧ ȩȤ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȒȢȖȧ ȢȒȤȧ ȟȱȨȡȤȧ ȡȖȧ ȖȢȤȔȘȚȩȖȞ ȀȑȝȚ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȖ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȓ ȞȨȩȤȦȔȖ ǷȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȱȩȖȢ ȩȖ ȦȤȠȑ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȖȩȚȗȖȨȡȒȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȬȖȦȖȡȑșȚȧ ȩȮȢ ȨȩȜ ȝȖȔȮȢ ȣȚȩȦȪȥȳȢȤȪȢ ȖȥȤȨȥȖȨȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȡȞȟȦȤȖȫȜȘȓȨȚȞȧ ȀȖȞ ȚȡȚȔȧ ȗȦȞȨȟȱȡȖȨȩȚ Țșȳ Ȯȧ ȚȣȮ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȤȔ ȖȫȜȘȜ ȩȒȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȨȖȧ șȞȜȘȜȝȤȲȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȞȨȩȤȦȔȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȡȖȦȩȪȦȑ Ȝ ȥȠȜȝȳȦȖ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȖȯȟȳȢ ȡȥȖȠȟȤȢȞȳȢѴ

26

learning from ATHENS

ȈȀǿǷǺǿǷ

ǷȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȠȱȘȮ ȟȠȞȡȖȩȤȠȤȘȞȟȳȢ ȨȪȢȝȜȟȳȢ ȩȤ ȟȖȠȤȟȖȔȦȞ ȓȠȞȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȬȚȞȡȳȢȖ ȥȑȠȞ ȓȠȞȤȧ ȢȩȲȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȒȢȩȚȧ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȒȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȥȦȤȨȮȥȚȪȩȞȟȱ ȩȖȩȤ șȚȞȘȡȖȩȤȠȱȘȞȤ ȪȫȖȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȚȧ ȥȤȦȩȤȟȖȠȔ ȠȚȪȟȒȧ ȩȒȢȩȚȧ ȡȚ ȡȤȩȔȗȖ ȬȦȮȡȖȩȔțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȘȟȦȔțȖ ȡȖȧ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȞ ȨȥȑȢȚ ȩȜ ȡȤȢȤȩȤȢȔȖ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȩȱȨȤ șȞȖșȤȡȒȢȜ Ȝ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȚ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȟȜȦȪȬȝȚȔ Ȯȧ ȚȝȢȞȟȓ ȚȢșȪȡȖȨȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȅ ȦȱȠȤȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȞȩȩȱȧ ȖȫȚ Ȣȱȧ ȥȦȤȨȫȒȦȤȪȢ ȥȦȤȨȩȖȨȔȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȓȠȞȤ ȟȖȞ Ȗȫѭ ȚȩȒȦȤȪ ȥȦȤȨȫȒȦȤȪȢ ȥȦȤȨȩȖȨȔȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȖșȞȑȟȦȞȩȖ ȗȠȒȡȡȖȩȖ ȈȚ ȡȔȖ ȥȪȟȢȤșȤȡȜȡȒȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȱȥȮȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȱȥȤȪ Ȝ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȓ ȚȣȮȨȩȦȒȫȚȞȖ ȩȤȪ ǰȠȠȜȢȖ ȩȚȔȢȚȞ ȢȖ ȚȟȠȚȔ ȭȚȞ Ȥ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȩȒȢȩȖȧ ȦȪȝȡȔțȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȜȩȱ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȒȟȝȚȨȜȧ ȨȩȜ șȜȡȱȨȞȖ ȨȫȖȔȦȖ ǷȦȟȚȔ ȡȔȖ ȟȪȟȠȞȟȓ ȟȔȢȜȨȜ ȨȚ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȓ ȩȤ ȥȑȩȜȡȖ ȚȢȱȧ ȟȤȪȡȥȞȤȲ ȟȖȞ Ȥ ȒȢȤȞȟȤȧ ȖȨȟȚȔ ȩȤ șȞȟȖȔȮȡȑ ȩȤȪ ȘȞȖ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ǷȢ ȥȑȠȞ Ȝ ȩȒȢȩȖ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȤȥȤȞȜȝȚȔ ȨȚ ȡȱȢȞȡȖ ȟȖȩȚȗȖȨȡȒȢȜ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȚȲȟȤȠȖ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȥȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȝѭ ȱȠȖ ȢȱȡȞȡȤȧ ȉȚȠȞȟȑ Ȥ ȱȦȤȧ mȉȨȞȡȚ ȢȩȤȲȥȤȠȜ} șȚȢ ȥȚȦȞȘȦȑȫȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȥȖȦȟȳȧ ȂȑȠȠȤȢ ȚȥȞȟȦȑȩȜȨȚ ȘȞȖȩȔ Ȥ ȱȦȤȧ mȂȥȖȠȟȤȢȤȲȥȤȠȜ} șȚȢ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȦȢȜȩȞȟȓ ȬȦȤȞȑ ȟȖȞ Ȥ ȱȦȤȧ mȉȚȢȩȤȲȥȤȠȜ} șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȲȜȬȤȧ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

27

Tm NJfZC

28

learning from ATHENS

ȀȇǻȂǷȈȉȅǿ ȀǽȆȅǿ

ȈȩȜ ȨȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȡȚ ȢȖ ȥȤȲȡȚ ȖȢ ȱȬȞ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȫȲȨȜ ȒȬȚȞ ȬȖȝȚȔ ȨȩȤ ȨȮȦȱ Ȗȥȱ ȡȥȚȩȱȢ ȩȱȩȚ ȨȔȘȤȪȦȖ ȱȩȞ ȒȬȚȞ ȒȦȝȚȞ ȨȚ șȚȲȩȚ ȦȜ ȡȤȔȦȖ ȆȖȦȑ ȩȖȲȩȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȩȞȘȡȒȧ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȫȲȨȜ șȜȠȳȢȚȞ șȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȩȞȝȒȨȚȮȧ ȚȡȫȖȩȞȟȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȖ ȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȖȢȝȞȨȡȒȢȚȧ ȗȚȦȑȢȩȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȬȦȮ ȡȖȩȔțȤȪȢ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȚȧ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȚȧ ȘȦȖȡȡȒȧ ȩȜȢ ȳȬȦȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǹȠȑȨȩȦȚȧ ȟȖȞ țȖȦȢȩȞȢȞȒȦȚȧ ȡȚ ȥȓȠȞȢȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȠȖȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȗȑȨȚȞȧ ȨȚ ȱȠȖ ȩȖ ȡȚȘȒȝȜ ȚȔȩȚ ȚȥȞ șȖȥȒșȞȚȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȟȦȚȡȖȨȩȒȧ ȣȚȥȦȤȗȑȠȠȤȪȢ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖȦȦȞȬȜȩȞȟȑ ȫȪȩȑ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȨȟȞȑțȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȩȤ ȟȒȠȪȫȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞ ȟȔȖȧ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȣȖȢȖșȳȨȤȪȢ ȨȩȜ ȫȲȨȜ ȩȤ ȬȖȡȒȢȤ ȩȜȧ ȒșȖȫȤȧ ȉȤ mȚȞșȪȠȠȞȖȟȱ} ȨȟȜȢȞȟȱ ȨȪȡȥȠȜȦȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȩȑ ȟȖȢȱȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ ȨȚȩ Ȗȥȱ ȥȠȖȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȦȒȟȠȚȧ ȩȦȖȥȒțȞ ȟȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȟȠȤȪȗȔ ȡȚ ȒȢȖ ȟȖȢȖȦȔȢȞ ȢȖ ȟȚȠȖȜșȑȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȣȖȫȢȞȟȑ ȱȠȚȧ ȤȞ ȖȞȨȝȓȨȚȞȧ ȨȪȢȜȘȤȦȤȲȢ ȨȩȜ ȫȖȢȩȖȨȞȖȟȓ ȖȥȱșȦȖ ȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȢȝȲȡȜȨȜ ȟȑȩȞ ȤȞȟȚȔȤȪ ȥȤȪ șȪȨȟȤȠȚȪȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȔȨȤȪȡȚ ǷȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȢȞȳȝȚȞȧ ȱȩȞ ȝȒȠȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȖȫȜȘȜȝȤȲȢ ȡȔȖ ȞȨȩȤȦȔȖ ȠȜȨȡȤȢȞȑȧ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȚȘȟȠȮȗȔȨȤȪȢ ȨȩȜ ȡȞȟȦȓ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȖ ȥȦȤȚȣȤȬȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȑȩȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȩȡȱȨȫȖȞȦȖ ȩȜȧ ȪȥȖȔȝȦȤȪ ȅȞ ȨȪȢ ȝȓȟȚȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȚȪșȤȟȞȡȤȲȢ ȟȖȠȲȩȚȦȖ ȨȩȖ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ ȖȠȠȑ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȨȚ ȬȖȡȜȠȱȩȚȦȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȱȩȖȢ Ȗȥȱ ȥȔȨȮ ȟȦȲȗȚȩȖȞ ȨȪȢȓȝȮȧ ȡȔȖ ȟȖȠȓ ȢȤȞȟȤ ȟȪȦȑ ǷȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȖȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȚȣȖȔ ȦȚȨȜ ȚȟȫȦȑțȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȣȪȥȜȦȚȩȤȲȢ ȚȥȖȟȦȞȗȳȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȮȩȖȦȬȞȟȓ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȜȢ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȩȚȔȢȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȣȚȬȑȨȤȪȡȚ ǰȩȨȞ ȟȑȥȤȪ ȚȟȚȔ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȜ ȗȚ ȦȑȢȩȖ ȥȚȦȢȤȲȢ ȩȖ ȖȢȤȞȣȞȑȩȞȟȖ ȖȥȤȘȚȲȡȖȩȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȪȩȓȧ ȨȖȢ ȨȚ ȱȖȨȜ ȥȦȤȨȫȒȦȤȢȩȖȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȦȚȡȖȨȩȤȲȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȓȥȤȪȧ ȡȞȖ ȨȩȞȘȡȞȖȔȖ ȤȥȩȞȟȓ ȖȥȱșȦȖȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȨȚ Țȡȑȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȚȦȖȨȩȞȟȤȲȧ

ǺǽȂȅȈǿǻȈ ǷȆȅǾǽȀǻȈ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȤȞ ȒȢȤȞȟȤȞ ȚȔȩȚ ȝȒȠȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȣȚȬȑ ȨȤȪȢ ȚȔȩȚ ȝȖ ȥȦȤȩȞȡȤȲȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȖȨȩȖȝȤȲȢ ȖȢȒȣȤșȖ ȢȱȡȞȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȚȲȟȤȠȖ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖȢ ȟȠȚȞȨȩȱ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ǽ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖȢ ȚȥȞȥȠȒȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȤȠȲ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȌȦȜ ȨȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȑ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȖȨȞȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȩȒȩȤȞȤ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȳȨȩȚ ȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȢȖ ȖșȪȢȖȩȚȔ ȢȖ ȩȖ ȖȥȤȝȜȟȚȲȨȚȞ ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȗȦȔȨȟȤȢȩȖȧ șȞȒȣȤșȤ ȨȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȢȖ ȚȥȚȟȩȚȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȩȔȝȚȢȩȖȞ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ǰȥȞ ȥȠȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȤȞȟȞȖȟȓȧ ȬȦȓȨȜȧ ȱȥȮȧ ȢȩȤȪȠȑȥȚȧ ȦȑȫȞȖ ȡȚȩȖȠȠȞȟȒȧ ȨȟȑȠȚȧ ȨȟȤȲȥȚȧ ȥȠȪȢȩȓȦȞȖ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȟȦȚȗȑȩȞȖ ȟȑȢȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȡȫȑȢȞȨȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȅȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȝȚȮȦȚȔȩȖȞ ȑȬȦȜȨȩȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȖȦȟȚȩȑ ȬȦȓȨȞȡȤ ȳȨȩȚ ȢȖ ȡȜȢ ȥȚȩȖȬȩȚȔ ȩȤȥȤȝȚ ȩȚȔȩȖȞ ȚȟȚȔ ȀȠȚȞȨȡȒȢȤȞ ȨȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ Ȝ ȝȒȖȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȒȣȮ șȚȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȥȖȨȬȤȠȚȔ ȟȖȞ ȒȩȨȞ Ȝ ȡȥȖȠȟȤȢȱȥȤȦȩȖ Ȗȥȱ ȥȖȦȑȝȪȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȑȢȤȞȘȡȖ ȨȩȜ șȜȡȱȨȞȖ ȨȫȖȔȦȖ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȥȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȥȱȦȩȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȩȞȝȒ ȡȚȢȤ șȮȡȑȩȞȤ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

29

EDOFRQ\ 30

learning from ATHENS

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

31

Ȉ ǽ Ȃ Ƿ ǿ Ƿ

ǷȇȌǿȉǻȀȉȅȃǿȀǽ ǻȈȎȉǻȇǿȀȎȃ ȌȎȇȎȃ

ȈȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȘȒȢȢȜȨȚ ȩȜ șȜȡȤȟȦȖȩȔȖ Ȝ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȠȱȘȤȪ ȟȖȞ Ȝ șȜȡȱȨȞȖ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ȝȚȮȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȖȣȔȚȧ ȥȠȒȤȢ șȚșȤȡȒȢȚȧ ȈȪȢȚȥȳȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȞ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȩȖȦȑȩȨȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȟȦȒȡȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖȨȜȟȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȳȦȚȧ ȳȦȚȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȑȢȚȡȤ ȡȔȖ ȨȜȡȖȔȖ ȨȖȢ ȠȑȗȖȦȤ ȘȞȖ ȬȑȦȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȚȝȢȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȞșȒȖȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȟȓȧ ȥȚȥȤȔȝȜȨȜȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȤȥȖșȞȟȓȧ ȪȥȤȨȩȓȦȞȣȜȧ ǽ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȤȪ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪ ȢȖ șȜȠȳȨȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȞșȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȩȤȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȔțȚȞ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȒȢȖ ȢȒȤ ȚȔșȤȧ ȫȞȠȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȞȨȡȤȲ Ȯȧ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǷȦȟȚȔ Ȝ ȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȡȞȖȧѴ ȨȜȡȖȔȖȧ

32

ǷȠȠȤȲ ȩȖ ȥȚȦȞȗȠȓȡȖȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȨȫȦȖȘȞȨȡȒȢȖ ȖȢȤȔȘȡȖȩȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȞȑȨȩȞȟȩȖ Ȗȥȱ ȟȠȞȡȖȩȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȟȚȦȖȔȚȧ ȩȜȠȚȱȦȖȨȜȧ ǰȢȖȧ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȤȧ ȩȚȬȢȤȠȤȘȞȟȱȧ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȡȱȧ ȖȘȟȞȨȩȦȮȡȒȢȤȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȟȔȢȜȩȤȪȧ ȖȪȩȤȲȧ ȱȘȟȤȪȧ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȩȜ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȡȞȖȧ ȗȒȠȩȞȨȩȜȧ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȡȚ ȚȪȢȤȯȟȒȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȪȥȤȟȖȝȞȨȩȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȚȥȖȫȓ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȁȑȡȥȚȧ ȖȠȤȘȱȢȤȪ ȟȠȞȡȖȩȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȠȚȱȦȖȨȜ ȟȖȞ șȞȖșȔȟȩȪȤ ȨȪȢșȪȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȥȤȞȟȔȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȚȬȢȤȠȤȘȞȟȑ ȨȪȨȩȓȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȟȤȨȡȤȲȢ ȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȣȖȨȫȖȠȔțȤȪȢ ȨȩȤ Țȣȓȧ ȩȞȧ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȫȮȩȞȨȡȤȲ ȩȤȪ ȚȣȖȚȦȞȨȡȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ǽ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȚȢȱȧ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȠȔȡȖȩȤȧ ȞșȖȢȞȟȳȢ ȨȪȢȝȜȟȳȢ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ȥȦȤȡȜȢȲȚȞ ȔȨȮȧ ȩȤȢ ȚȘȟȠȚȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȖșȞȖȫȤȦȔȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ

learning from ATHENS

ȂĭIJȜȘșȎ ʊįȟʊĭıȩȜıĭȠ İȡȜįȘĮȖıȞʊȞȘȞȨțį ȧıȘ ıȞ İȨȜȞȚȞ ıȤȜ ʊȞȚȡșĭıȞȘșȘȩȜ țį ıĭ țʊĭȚșȧȜȘĭ ıȞȡȠ ȚįȘıȞȡȟȔȞȨȜ İĭȜ ĮȖțȧİȘĭ ȟȎIJȘĭ ʊȞȡ İıȞȘȓȎȕȞȡȜ ıȖ ȕȤȐ ıȞȡ șĭȗįȜȧȠ ıȖȜ ĭȜȎȔșȖ ıȞȡ șĭȗįȜȧȠ ıȖȜ ȎʊȞȣȖ ıȞȡ șĭȗįȜȧȠ Ǽ įȚįȡȗįȟȑĭ įʊȏțȓĭİȖȠ ıȤȜ șĭıȞȑșȤȜ ıȞȡȠ ȏȢįȘ ĮȩİįȘ ıȞ ȎıȡʊȞ ĮȘșĭȑȤțĭ Ȝĭ ĮȘĭțȞȟIJȩȜȞȡȜ ȞȘ ȑĮȘȞȘ ıȖȜ įȘșȧȜĭ ıȖȠ ʊȧȚȖȠ ıȞȡȠ țį ĭʊȞıȏȚįİțĭ ıȞ ĭʊįȘȟȞįȚȎȢȘİıȞ Ȝĭ șĭȗȞȟȑȕįȘ ıȞ İȡȜȞȚȘșȧ ȆȡȜįʊȩȠ Ȗ ʊȚȖȗȩȟĭ ıȤȜ țȖȜȡțȎıȤȜ țĭȠ įțʊȞĮȑȕįȘ Ȝĭ ĮȘĭțȞȟIJȩİȞȡțį țȘĭ İȡȜȞȚȘșȐ įȘșȧȜĭ ȔȘĭ ıȖȜ ʊȧȚȖ ȞȘ ĮȟȧțȞȘ ȏȢȞȡȜ IJıȎİįȘ İį İȖțįȑȞ șȞȟįİțȞȨ șĭȘ Ȗ İȨȔȢȡİȖ įȑȜĭȘ ĭȜĭʊȧIJįȡșıȖ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

33

ǷȥȖȢȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȡȚȩȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȱȨȤȭȜȧ ȤȞ ȜȡȞȩȚȠȚȔȧ ȨȩȒȘȚȧ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȨȞșȜȦȤȖȢȖȡȤȢȒȧ ȡȖȦȩȪȦȤȲȢ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ șȚȢ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȤȦȞțȤȢȩȔȮȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȝȒȩȮȧ ȟȖȩѭ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȝѭ ȤȡȤȔȮȨȞȢ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȞȤȲȨȖȧ ȟȔȢȜȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȫȪȩȳȢ ȥȤȪ ȒȠȟȤȢȩȖȞ ȖȟȖȩȖȢȔȟȜȩȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȫȮȧ dzȠȖ ȖȢȑ ȥȑȨȖ ȨȩȞȘȡȓ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȩȦȖȥȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȖȪȣȜȝȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȚȥȚȟȩȖȝȤȲȢ ȓ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȨȩȖȡȖȩȓȨȤȪȢ Ƿȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȆȖȦȝȚȢȳȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȗȦȔȨȟȚȩȖȞ ȡȤȢȔȡȮȧ Ȫȥȱ ȖȢȖșȱȡȜȨȜ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȩȖ șȳȡȖȩȖ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȨȞșȜȦȤȖȢȖȡȤȢȒȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȤ ȚȦȘȖȨȩȓȦȞȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ șȚȢ ȥȚȦȖȩȳȢȚȩȖȞ

ǽ ȟȖȦșȞȑ ȩȤȪ mȩȒȦȖȩȤȧ} ȩȦȒȫȚȩȖȞ ȡȪȨȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȫȖȢȚȦȑ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȔȚȦȤȪȧ ȥȱȝȤȪȧ ȥȖȦȖȟȡȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȱ șȚȢ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȡȖȧ ȥȚȦȑȨȚȞ ȖȥȖȦȖȩȓȦȜȩȤ ȈȩȤ ȨȜȡȚȦȞȢȱ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȤ ȩȜȧ ȟȦȔȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȚȘȟȖȩȑȠȚȞȭȜȧ ȡȞȖ ȚȦȚȞȥȞȤȫȞȠȔȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȢȖȥȱȫȚȪȟȩȜ ǽ șȞȖȨȲȢșȚȨȜ ȩȮȢ șȪȢȑȡȚȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȒȬȚȞ Ȯȧ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȩȜ ȡȜ ȤȠȤȟȠȓȦȮȨȜ ȓ ȩȜȢ ȚȘȟȖȩȑȠȚȞȭȜ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȜȦȔȮȢ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȞ ȨȟȖȠȮȨȞȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȤȲȧ ȅȞ ȜȡȞȩȚȠȚȔȧ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȒȧ ȬȑȨȟȤȪȢ ȱȢȚȞȦȖ ȟȖȞ ȫȞȠȤșȤȣȔȚȧ ȒȘȞȢȖȢ ȝȲȡȖȩȖ ȡȞȖȧ ȪȥȚȨȬȜȡȒȢȜȧ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜȧ ȉȖ ȘȞȖȥȞȑ ȨȩȒȟȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȥȦȤȨȩȑ ȡȖȧ ȖȘȒȦȮȬȖ ȘȪȡȢȑ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȤȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȖ ȡȑȩȞȖ ȡȖȧ ȩȖ ȨȥȠȑȬȢȖ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȜȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǻȡȚȔȧ ȩȖ ȤȢȤȡȑțȤȪȡȚ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȖ ȡȢȜȡȚȔȖ ȡȢȜȡȚȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȚȘȟȖȩȖȠȚȠȚȞȡȡȒȢȜȧ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȫȒȝȜȟȚ ȟȑȥȤȪ ȨȩȤ ȥȖȦȚȠȝȱȢ ȡȢȜȡȚȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ȚȥȤȬȓȧ ȡȖȧ

)UDQFR /D &HFOD ǻȢȑȢȩȞȖ ȨȩȜȢ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȡȚȩ ȃȞȟȱȠȖȧ ȂȞȩțȑȠȜȧ ȉȅ Ǻȅȃȉǿ ȆȑȩȦȖ ȨȚȠ

34

learning from ATHENS

Z TfZ)z

|fǰ1C mC

mȉȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȑȠȠȮȨȩȚ ȥȑȢȮ Ȗȥѭ ȱȠȖ ȒȢȖ ȚȦȚȔȥȞȤ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȞȢȤ ȤȞȟȤșȱȡȜȡȖ ȚȘȟȖȩȖȠȚȠȚȞȡȡȒȢȤ ȨȩȜ ȫȲȨȜǃ ȟȖȞ ȒȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȮȢ ȚȦȚȞȥȔȮȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȑȘȦȞȖ ȱȭȜ ȩȤȪȧ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȩȱȥȤȞ ȘȚȡȑȩȤȞ ȡȚ ȪȥȤȨȬȒȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȑȘȢȮȨȩȤȪȧ ȥȖȦȑȘȤȢȩȚȧ ȡȚ ȱȠȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȒȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȞȢșȲȢȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ }

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

35

ǷȀȉǿȃȅǹȇǷȋǿǷ ȉȖ ȟȩȔȦȞȖ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȤȠȤȟȠȓȦȮȨȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȢȖȗȠȜȝȚȔ ȚȔȩȚ ȘȞȖ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȤȲȧ ȠȱȘȤȪȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȠȱȘȮ ȖșȱȟȜȩȮȢ ȖȠȠȖȘȳȢ ȨȩȤȢ ȖȦȬȞȟȱ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȨȡȱ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȑ ȥȦȔȨȡȖȩȖ ȥȚȦȞȩȪȠȞȘȡȒȢȖ ȡȚ ȨȪȢȝȚȩȞȟȑ ȜȡȞșȞȖȫȖȢȓ ȥȖȢȞȑ ȘȖȠȑțȞȖ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȖ ȓ ȡȖȲȦȖ ȅ șȞȖȫȖȢȓȧ ȡȤȪȨȖȡȑȧ ȥȤȪ ȩȤȢ ȖȢȖȨȜȟȳȢȚȞ ȳȦȚȧ ȳȦȚȧ Ȥ ȑȢȚȡȤȧ ȟȖȝȞȨȩȑ ȩȖȪȩȤȬȦȱȢȮȧ ȤȦȖȩȑ ȥȤȠȠȑ ȬȮȦȞȨȩȑ ȚȥȔȥȚșȖ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ șȚȢ ȚȔȬȖȢ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȚȔ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȘȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȥȩȑ ȱȥȮȧ Ȝ șȤȡȓ ȩȤȪ ȡȥȚȩȱȢ ȩȖ ȟȖȠȳșȞȖ ȓ ȤȞ ȨȮȠȓȢȚȧ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȖ ȱȠȖ ȢȖ ȚȣȖȫȖȢȞȨȩȤȲȢ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȩȤȞȬȤșȤȡȓ ǰȢȖ ȖȢȖȨȓȟȮȡȖ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȟȦȪȫȓ șȤȡȓ ȩȤȪ ȡȥȚȩȤȢȒȢȞȤȪ ȖȢȑȘȠȪȫȤȪ ȖȥȤȟȖȠȲȥȩȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȡȖȧ

36

learning from ATHENS

ZHBFDSWXUHBDWKHQV

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

37

¢

38

learning from ATHENS

ȅȞ șȞȖȫȜȡȔȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȠȲȥȩȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȖ ȓ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȨȪȢȤȠȞȟȑ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȗȑțȤȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȜ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȳȡȖȩȖ ȨȲȡȗȤȠȖ ȠȒȣȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȥȠȜȦȤȫȤȦȔȖ ȀȖȩȑ ȩȜ șȞȑȦȟȚȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȜȡȒȦȖȧ ȩȖ șȞȖȫȜȡȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȨȲȡȗȤȠȖ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȒȬȤȪȢ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȞȨȱȩȞȡȖ ȨȩȜ țȮȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȉȤ ȗȦȑșȪ ȤȞ șȞȖȫȜȡȞȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȖȫȔȨȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȘȦȖȫȒȧ ȥȖȔȦȢȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȥȑȢȮ ȬȒȦȞ ȈȩȱȬȤȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȃȖ ȨȩȦȒȭȤȪȢ ȩȖ ȗȠȒȡȡȖȩȖ ȥȑȢȮ ȩȤȪȧ dzȠȚȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȪȥȖȟȤȲȢ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȑȩȪȥȤȪȧ ȟȖȢȱȢȚȧ ȩȜȧ șȞȖȫȓȡȞȨȜȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȤȞ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȨȪȢȤȭȞȨȩȤȲȢ ȨȩȤȪȧ Țȣȓȧ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȒȢȩȤȢȮȢ ȬȦȮȡȑȩȮȢ ȨȚ ȖȢȩȞȥȖȦȑȝȚȨȜ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜ ȘȚȢȞȟȱȩȚȦȜ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȜ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȱȨȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ șȞȑȨȩȖȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȞȘȦȖȫȓȧ ȩȱȨȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȚȠȟȩȞȟȓ șȲȢȖȡȜ ȥȤȪ ȖȨȟȚȔ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȪȥȤȭȓȫȞȤȪȧ ȖȘȤȦȖȨȩȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȱȠȚȧ ȖȢȚȣȖȞȦȒȩȮȧ ȥȦȤȮȝȤȲȢ ȩȖ ȟȖȠȲȩȚȦȖ ȥȦȤȯȱȢȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȪȥȜȦȚȨȔȚȧ ȅȞ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȟȤȔ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ȚȥȞȨȟȞȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȥȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȡȔȖ ȩȖȡȥȒȠȖ ȓ ȨȚ ȡȔȖ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȖ ȗȞȩȦȔȢȖ ȘȞȖ ȬȑȦȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȤȳȝȜȨȓȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȦȤȯȱȢȩȮȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȈȤȲȥȚȦ ȡȑȦȟȚȩ ȫȤȲȦȢȤȧ ȫȦȤȢȩȞȨȩȓȦȞȤ ȫȦȖȢȩȨȑȞț ȫȖȦȡȖȟȚȔȤ ȥȦȤȥȤȩțȔșȞȟȤ ȀȩȓȦȞȖ Ȯȧ ȟȤȪȩȞȑ ȥȦȤȯȱȢȩȖ ȡȖȧ ȟȖȩȖȞȘȔțȤȪȢ ȡȚ ȡȜȢȲȡȖȩȖ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȨȩȦȒȫȚȩȖȞ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȟȑ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȚȘȘȦȑȫȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚȩȮȥȞȟȑ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȱȦȜ ȩȤȪ ȡȖȩȞȤȲ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȖȡȞȟȦȓ ȟȦȞȩȞȟȓ șȞȖȡȚȨȤȠȑȗȜȨȜ

)mȎZ TC

ȅ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȚȘȖȠȤȲȥȤȠȜȧ ȬȖȡȒȢȤȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȮȢȪȡȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȚȔ ȢȖ ȚȥȞȗȞȳȨȚȞ ǽ șȞȖȫȓȡȞȨȜ șȞȖ ȨȩȱȡȖȩȤȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȖȢȒȫȞȟȩȜ ȅ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ ȢȞȳȝȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȢȖ ȟȤȞȢȤȥȤȞȚȔ ȡȚ ȤȥȤȞȤșȓȥȤȩȚ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȩȤȪ ȞșȞȱȩȜȩȖ ǹȞȖȩȦȤȔ șȞȟȜȘȱȦȤȞ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȚȧ ȤșȤȢȩȔȖȩȦȤȞ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȟȤȔ ȠȤȘȞȨȩȒȧѴ ǰȢȖȧ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȤȧ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȟȱȧ ȟȖȩȑȠȤȘȤȧ ȨȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȡȖȧ ȅȞ ȩȖȡȥȒȠȚȧ ȫȩȑȢȤȪȢ ȨȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȤȠȖȩȦȔȖȧѴ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

39

JCZȍ Zfzǰ+N)J|tfmN+ C z ȈȥȤȪșȖȔȖ Ȝ ȖȢȖȟȑȠȪȭȜ ȩȤȪ ȜȠȚȟȩȦȞ ȨȡȤȲ ȈȥȤȪșȖȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ șȔȟȩȪȖ ȡȚȩȖ ȫȤȦȑȧ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǸȒȗȖȞȖ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȥȞȤ ȨȥȤȪșȖȔȤ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȧ ȱȩȞ ȟȑ ȥȤȞȤȧ ȨȟȒȫȩȜȟȚ ȥȮȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȤȞ ȝȚȱȦȖ ȩȚȧ ȟȤȠȳȢȚȧ ȜȠȚȟȩȦȞȟȤȲ ȦȚȲȡȖȩȤȧ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȓȨȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ Ȯȧ șȞȖȟȤȨȡȜȩȞȟȑ ȩȮȢ ȱȭȚȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȅȞ șȚȢȩȦȤȨȩȤȞȬȔȚȧ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȖȨȩȑȝȜȟȖȢ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȑ ȟȖȩȖȟȠȲțȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȩȱȨȤ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȡȖȧ ȱȨȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȤȦȚȔȖ ȡȖȧ ȆȠȒȤȢ ȖȢȩȔ ȗȘȖȔȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȨȩȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȩȤȪ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȦȔțȚȞ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȖ ȫȪȠȠȳȡȖȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȟȠȖșȞȑ ȒȦȬȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȩȞ ȡȒȩȮȥȤȧ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȟȖȠȳșȞȖ ȩȜȧ Ǻǻǽ ǷȪȩȑ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȒȟȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȥȚȦșȚȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȱȠȖ ȩȖ ȚȥȞȡȒȦȤȪȧ ȡȞȟȦȤȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠ ȠȤȢȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ

TC|fz

ǷȢȖțȜȩȤȲȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȤȪȦȖ Ȣȱ ȈȩȚȟȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȟȖȞ ȟȤȞȩȑȡȚ ȥȞȤ ȭȜȠȑ ȨȩȜ ȡȥȠȚ ȠȮȦȔșȖ ȥȤȪ ȖȫȓȢȤȪȢ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȜ ȤȞ ȭȜȠȒȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȀȤȔȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȞ Țșȳ Ȥ ȜȠȚȟȩȦȞȨȡȱȧ ȟȑȢȚȞ ȖȞȨȝȜȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȤȪ ȨȔȖ ȩȤȪ ǰȢȖ ȖȟȱȡȖ șȔȟȩȪȤ ȣȚȬȲȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȱȠȜ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜ ȫȤȦȑ șȚȢ ȣȚȟȞȢȑȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȒșȖȫȤȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȘȖȢȩțȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȤȔȬȤȪȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞ ȦȔȮȢ ǾȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȚ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȧ ȖȟȦȤȗȑȩȜȧ ȢȖ șȞȖȨȬȔȨȚȞ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȜ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȱ ȀȑȥȤȞȚȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȥȖȦȖȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȡȤȢȑȬȖ ȠȑȡȥȖ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȑȨȜ ȘȞȖ ȩȖ ȥȚȦȞȨȩȒȦȞȖ ȓ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȒȟȚȩȖȞ ȥȖȞȘȢȞȮșȳȧ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȟȖȠȳșȞȖ ȩȮȢ ȨȪȘȟȤȞ ȢȮȢȞȳȢ ǷȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȖȱȦȞȨȩȤ ȥȠȒȘȡȖ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ șȚȢ ȘȢȮȦȔțȚȞ ȚȥȖȟȦȞȗȳȧ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȓ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȩȒȠȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȥȖȦȚȡȥȤșȔțȚȞ ȩȜ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȡȖȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȤȪȦȖȢȱ

40

learning from ATHENS

ȉȤ ȫȖȢȩȖȨȞȖȟȱ ȩȜȧ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȜȧ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜȧ ȡȑȧ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȩȜȢ ȖȔȨȝȜȨȜ ȱȩȞ ȒȬȤȪȡȚ ȥȚȩȲȬȚȞ ȒȢȖ ȚȔșȤȧ ȡȚȩȖȢȑȨȩȚȪȨȜȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȖȦșȞȑ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ǻȟȚȔ ȥȚțȤȲȠȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȟȦȤ ȨȟȖȠȤȥȑȩȞȖ ȘȔȢȤ ȢȩȖȞ ȣȖȫȢȞȟȑ ȤȞȟȚȔȖ ȨȖȠȱȢȞȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȞȧ ȨȪțȜȩȓȨȚȞȧ ȡȖȧ ȉȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȲȢȤȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȖȝȜȢȖȯȟȳȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȘȚȞȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȖȟȦȞȗȳȧ ȨȩȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȨȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȥȚȦȥȖȩȑȡȚ ȅȞ șȦȱȡȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȥȤȪ ȤȞ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȤȞ ȑȢȝȦȮȥȤȞ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȑ țȤȪȢ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȤȲȢ ȟȖȞ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȤȲȢ ȘȞȖ ȩȞȧ ȡȚȩȖȟȞȢȓȨȚȞȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȥ ȨȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȧ țȮȢȩȖȢȱȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȀȖȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȔȘȤȪȦȖ ȥȤȠȲ ȥȞȤ țȮȢȩȖȢȱȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȥȠȖȩȚȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȑȦ ȟȖ ȥȤȪ ȨȩȒȟȤȪȢ ȖȪȨȩȜȦȑ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȒȢȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȑșȚȞȖ ȈȩȤ șȦȱȡȤ ȱȠȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȦȚȪȨȩȑ ǻȨȩȞȑțȤȢȩȖȧ ȖȢȩȞȠȖȡȗȖȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȱȩȞ ȖȪȩȓ Ȝ țȮȢȩȑȢȞȖ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȒȢȩȤȢȚȧ ȚȢȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȘȟȦȤȲ ȨȚȞȧ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȥȤȠȲ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȳȢ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȤȪȧ ǽ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȡȖȧ șȞȚȘȚȔȦȚȩȖȞ ȨȪȢȚȬȳȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȖȡȒ ȩȦȜȩȚȧ ȠȚȥȩȤȡȒȦȚȞȚȧ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ dzȠȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȜȡȒȢȖ ȑȢȖȦȬȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȝȖȔȦȚȩȖ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȩȖ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȥȠȑ mȥȚȩȑȣȚȞ} ȟȑȥȤȞȤȧ ȟȖȡȞȑ ȫȤȦȑ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȩȤ ȒȢȖ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȩȤ ȑȠȠȤ ȉȤ ȡȞȟȦȱ ȨȩȒȟȚȩȖȞ șȔȥȠȖ ȨȩȤ ȡȚȘȑȠȤ ȩȤ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȪȢȤȡȞȠȚȔ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȒȣȮ ȩȤ ȥȑȢȮ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȟȑȩȮ

ȀȘșȟȞįʊȘȢįȑȟȖİȖ șĭıȎİıȖțĭ șȞțțȤıȐȟȘȞ ȝĭȜȎ șĭıȎİıȖțĭ ʊĭʊȞȡıİȎĮȘșȞ ȟȞȡȢȎĮȘșȞ IJȞȨȟȜȞȠ įȜȞȘșȘȎȕįıĭȘ įȑİȞĮȞȠ ʊȞȚȡșĭıȞȘșȑĭȠ ȘİȧȔįȘȞȠ ȢȩȟȞȠ ʊȤȚįȑıĭȘ ǾȎȗį țȏıȟĭ șĭȘ țȘĭ įȜĭȚȚĭȔȐ șȎȗį țȏıȟĭ șĭȘ țȘĭ ȎȚȚȖ įʊȘȗȡțȑĭ țȘĭ ȎȚȚȖ ȕȤȐ țȘĭ ȎȚȚȖ șĭȗȖțįȟȘȜȧıȖıĭ șȎʊȞȘȞȡ

fǰȍtfTfzǰ)C )ǰ|+ǰȍCJ+ǰ|f ǰCz|ftC

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

41

mtf)J| z) C z

ȂȚ ȡȞȖ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ ȞșȞȤȟȩȓȩȜȧ ȒȬȚȞ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȨȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȤȪ ȞȨȤȘȚȔȤȪ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȱȬȞ ȡȱȢȤ ȱȥȮȧ ȚȟȚȔȢȤȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȚȔ ȚȥȚȟȩȚȔȢȚȞ ȩȜ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȤ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȤ ȬȦȮȡȖȩȔțȚȞ ȡȚ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȖ ȝȒȠȮ ȩȤȪ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȤȲȧ ȩȤȔȬȤȪȧ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȚȔ șȞȖȟȤȨȡȜȩȞȟȑ ȓ ȑȠȠȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȳȨȩȚ ȢȖ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȜȝȚȔ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȤȪșȚȩȚȦȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȉȤ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȤ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖ ȖȢȚȣȑȢȩȠȜȩȤ ȖȥȱȝȚȡȖ ȥȦȤȧ ȤȞȟȚȞȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȥȤȝȒȩȜȨȜ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȞȡȒȢȮȢ ȟȖȞ șȚȢ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȢ șȞȱ ȠȤȪ ȨȖȢ ȟȤȞȢȱȬȦȜȨȩȤ ȩȱȥȤ șȞȒȠȚȪȨȜȧ ȨȪȢȑȢȩȜȨȜȧ ȨȩȑȨȜȧ ȈȩȚȢȱ ȟȖȞ ȥȢȞȟȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȖ ȨȥȔȩȞȖ ȚȥȞșȞȳȟȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȩȓȨȤȪȢ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȖȪȠȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȓ Ȝ ȥȦȤȒȟȩȖȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȚȞȨȱșȤȪ ȩȤȪȧ ǷȦȟȚȔ ȢȖ ȗȘȤȪȢ ȡȚȦȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȦȒȟȠȚȧ ȨȩȤ șȦȱȡȤ ȟȖȞ Ȥ ȟȤȪȦȒȖȧ ȣȪȦȔțȚȞ ȚȟȚȔ ȩȤȢ ȥȚȠȑȩȜ ȩȤȪ ǷȦȟȚȔ ȢȖ ȗȘȚȞ ȒȢȖ ȩȦȖȥȚțȑȟȞ ȨȩȤ șȦȱȡȤ ȟȖȞ șȲȤ ȫȔȠȤȞ ȝȖ ȥȤȪȢ ȱȠȖ ȩȖ ȢȒȖ ȩȜȧ ȚȗșȤȡȑșȖȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȫȒ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȤ ȬȒȦȞ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȣȒȫȦȖȘȤ ȖȡȥȒȠȞ ȥȤȪ Ȥ ȟȖȝȒȢȖȧ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞ ȱȥȮȧ ȚȟȚȔȢȤȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȚȔ

42

learning from ATHENS

¨Ǽ ĮȘĭĮȘșĭİȑĭ ȘĮȘȤıȘșȞʊȞȑȖİȖȠ ȝįIJįȨȔįȘ İȐțįȟĭ ĭʊȧ ıĭ İıįȜȎ ȧȟȘĭ ıȖȠ șĭıȞȘșȑĭȠ șĭȘ ıįȑȜįȘ Ȝĭ ʊįȟȘȚȎȓįȘ ȧȚįȠ ıȘȠ ȚįȘıȞȡȟȔȑįȠ ʊȞȡ ȏȢȞȡȜ ĭʊȞțįȑȜįȘ İıȞȜ ĮȖțȧİȘȞ ȢȩȟȞ ª ȇĭ İȨȜȞȟĭ ıȞȡ ȘĮȘȤıȘșȞȨ ȢȩȟȞȡ țįıĭıȑȗįȜıĭȘ ʊȏȟĭ ĭʊȧ ıȖȜ șĭıȞȘșȑĭ șĭȘ ıȞ ȞȘșȧʊįĮȞ İıȞȜ ȖțȘĮȖțȧİȘȞ ȢȩȟȞ ıȖȠ ȔįȘıȞȜȘȎȠ șĭȘ ıȖȠ İȡȜȞȘșȑĭȠ ©7

nCNCJ

ȂȚ ȚȥȚȟȩȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȟȑȠȞȟȖ ȭȞȠȞȟȑ ȓ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȚȦȖ ȚȣȖȥȠȳ ȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȑȣȖȫȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȑȩȨȖȠȖ ȨȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ șȦȱȡȤȪȧ ȈȚ ȥȤȠȠȑ ȨȜȡȚȔȖ ȨȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȚȔ ȒȢȖ ȚȡȥȤȦȞȟȱ ȥȖȢȜȘȲȦȞ ȅȞ ȥȑȘȟȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȟȖȨȱȢȞȖ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȫȦȤȲȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȦȤȯȱȢȩȖ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȤȲȢ ȔȨȮȧ ȢȖ șȜȠȳȨȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȖȞȳȢȞȖ ȚȥȞȨȩȦȤȫȓ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȪȥȖȔȝȦȞȚȧ ȖȘȤȦȒȧ ȩȤȪ ȬȮȦȞȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȖȦȬȔȖȧ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȚȠȚȪȝȚ ȦȔȖ ȚȣȑȥȠȮȨȜȧ ȨȬȚȩȞȟȑ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȨȪȢȤȭȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȘȢȮȨȩȱ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȚȦȤ ȱȥȤȪ Ȝ ȡȤȢȤȠȞȝȞȟȓ ȚȠȖȫȦȞȑ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓ șȞȚȪȦȲ ȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȒȬȦȞȧ ȱȩȤȪ ȢȖ ȟȖȩȖȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȤ ȬȳȦȤ Ȗȥѭ ȱȩȞ ȖȦȬȞȟȑ ȅȞ ȨȟȜȢȒȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ Ȗȥѭ ȩȤȪȧ șȦȱȡȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ Țȡ ȫȖȢȔțȤȪȢ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȨȚ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȞȟȓ ȖȥȱȟȠȞȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ șȪȩȞȟȓ ǻȪȦȳȥȜ

ȆȖȲȠȤȧ ȁȒȫȖȧ :DOWHU 6LHEHO -HURPH %LQGH ǷȲȦȞȤ ȤȞ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȆȠȒȝȦȤȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ mǰȩȨȞ Ȝ ȘȢȮȨȩȓ ȡȤȢȤȠȞȝȞȟȓ ȚȠȖȫȦȞȑ șȞȚȪȦȲȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȚ șȪȤ ȩȦȔȖ ȭȪȘȚȔȖ ȢȚȦȤȲ ȖȢȖȭȪȟȩȞȟȳȢ ȥȖȘȮȩȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȚȪȦȚȨȞȩȚȬȢȔȚȧ ȱȥȮȧ mȜ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȚȢȱȧ ȥȖȦȖȟȚȔȡȚȢȤȪ șȒȢȩȦȤȪ ȱȥȤȪ ȡȚ ȖȝȳȤ ȨȚ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȨȬȤȞȢȔ ȟȦȚȡȞȒȩȖȞ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȤȧ Ȥ ȜȡȚȦȓȨȞȤȧ ȉȲȥȤȧ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔȩȖȞ ȒȢȖȧ mȩȤȔȬȤȧ} ȟȖȞ ȒȢȖȧ ȜȡȞ ȪȥȖȔȝȦȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ} ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȞȥȠȖȨȞȖȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȟȑȩȤȭȜȧ } ȧ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

43

VWUHHWVLQDWKHQV

44

learning from ATHENS

ȀǷǸǷȁǽȉȅ 3$5.,1*

ȊȥȤȩȔȝȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȡȜȩȦȱȥȤȠȜ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȒȢȖ ȖȨȩȞ ȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȨȚ șȞȖȦȟȓ ȟȔȢȜȨȜ ȊȥȤȩȔȝȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȥȤȬȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȘȟȤȨȡȞȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȳ ȨȜȡȖȔȢȚȞ ѪȥȑȢȮ Ȗȥѭ ȱȠȖ ȡȚȩȖȟȞȢȤȲȡȖȞ ȂȒȨȖ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȪȥȱȝȚȨȜ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȖ ȡȒȨȖ ȡȚȩȖȟȔȢȜȨȜȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȖȢȖȥȱȨȥȖȨȩȤ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȤȪ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȪ ȡȞȖȧ ȡȚȘȖ ȠȤȲȥȤȠȜȧ ȆȖȦѭ ȱȠȤ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȨȪȢȚȬȳȧ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȚȞ Ȫȥȱ ȘȚȞȖ ȢȒȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȖ șȔȟȩȪȖ ȡȚȩȖȟȔȢȜȨȜȧ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȠȖȩȦȚȲȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȩȤȢ ȖȪȩȱȢȤȡȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȡȚȩȖȟȔ ȢȜȨȓȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȀȖȞ Țȟȩȱȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȱ ȠȖȩȦȚȲȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȟȑȦȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȱȬȜȡȑ ȩȤȪȧ ȱȨȤ ȥȞȤ ȟȤȢȩȑ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢ ȖȪȩȱ ȨȜȡȖȔȢȚȞ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȩȤ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȤ ȆȑȢȚ ȥȞȖ ȩȖ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȑ SDUNLQJ ȩȳȦȖ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȩȖ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȑ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ǷȟȱȡȖ ȡȞȖ ȟȖȩȖȥȑȩȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȟȤȞȢȱ ȬȦȜȨȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ

ȈȩȖȲȦȤȧ ȈȩȖȪȦȔșȜȧ ȀȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȩȚȦȱȩȜȩȖ ȥȦȱȨȫȪȘȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȚȩȖȢȑȨȩȚȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ $WKHQV $EVROXWH 5HDOLVP R ȥ ȨȚȠ ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

45

ȁȅ ȄȅǺȇȅ Ȃ ǽȈ ǻ ǿ Ȉ

ȂȖ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȱȢȤ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȥȤȪ ȡȚȩȖȬȚȞȦȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȤȞȢȱȬȦȜȨȩȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ mȥȱȠȜ} ȋȖȢȑȦȞȖ ȥȞȢȖȟȔșȚȧ ȟȖȩȚȲȝȪȢȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȤșȞȟȓȧ ȟȪȟȠȤȫȤȦȔȖȧ șȚȢ ȖȠȠȤȞȳȢȤȪȢ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȜȢ ȤȥȩȞȟȓ ȡȖȧ ȖȞȨȝȜȩȞȟȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȘȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȚȡȥȱșȞȤ ȨȚ ȱȨȤȪȧ ȝȒȠȤȪȢ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȠȑ ȢȖ ȥȚȦȥȖȩȓȨȤȪȢ ȋȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ șȚȢ ȚȢșȞȖȫȒȦȚȩȖȞ ȖȢ ȖȪȩȓ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȥȚȠȑȨȞȡȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȚțȤȲȧ ȓ ȖȢ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȚȟȚȔȢȤȞ ȢȖ ȠȤȣȤ șȦȤȡȤȲȢ ȟȑȝȚ ȡȚȦȞȟȑ ȡȒȩȦȖ ȥȦȤȟȚȞ ȡȒȢȤȪ ȢȖ ȫȩȑȨȤȪȢ ȨȩȤȢ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȱ ȩȤȪȧ dzȠȖ ȥȞȢȖȟȔșȚȧ șȒȢȩȦȖ ȟȩȔȦȞȖ șȞȖȬȮȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȨȪȢȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȚȟȠȤȘȞȟȚȪȡȒȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑ țȤȪȢ ȝȚȖȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȥȤȞȟȞȠȔȖ ȤȦȘȑȢȮȨȜȧ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȱȥȤȪ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȱȧ șȚȢ ȚȢȩȤȥȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȟȖȡȔȖ șȞȖ ȫȤȦȑ ǽ ȖȞȨȝȜȩȞȟȓ ȩȤȪ mȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȤȪ ȨȩȪȠ} ȝȦȞȖȡȗȚȲȚȞ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȘȤȜȩȚȲȚȞ ȆȚȦȥȖȩȑȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȩȒ șȚȢ ȥȦȤȨȒȬȤȪȡȚ ȩȞ ȖȫȓȢȤȪȡȚ ȥȔȨȮ ȡȖȧ ȥȦȤȨȥȚȦȢȑȡȚ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȟȑ ȚȡȥȱșȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȣȒȦȖȡȚ Ȗȥȱ ȥȦȞȢ ȱȩȞ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȚȟȚȔ ȟȖȞ șȚȢ ȡȖȧ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȟȖȡȔȖ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȜ ȖȔȨȝȜȨȜ ȟȞ ȱȡȮȧ ȪȥȤȨȪȢȚȔ șȜȩȖ ȡȖȧ ȚȥȜȦȚȑțȤȪȢ ȂȞȖ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ Ȯȧ ȚȡȥȱșȞȤ ȚȢȩȚȔȢȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȪȥȤȟȚȞȡȚȢȞȟȓ ȖȢȩȔȠȜȭȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ Ȯȧ ȑȨȬȜȡȜ ǷȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢ ȥȞȨȩȚȲȤȪȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȱȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ mȥȚȩȖȡȒȢȖ} ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȖȦȖȔȩȜȩȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȝȖ ȨȪȢȚȬȔțȚȞ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȑȨȬȜȡȜ

46

learning from ATHENS

ȅ ȥȚȦȔȥȖȩȱȧ ȡȖȧ ȨȪȢȚȬȔțȚȩȖȞ ȉȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȡȖȧ ȖȘȟȖȠȞȑțȚȞ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȖȢȩȑ ȥȤȠȠȑ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȑ ȥȦȱȨȮȥȖ ȖȥȤȦȜȡȒȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȡȖȧ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȟȤȢȩȤȨȩȚȟȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȨȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȩȞ ȑȣȞȤ ȓ ȱȬȞ ȥȦȤȧ ȥȖȦȖȩȓȦȜȨȜ ǹȞȖ ȖȪȩȤȲȧ ȚȔȡȖȨȩȚ ȖȥȠȑ ȥȚȦȔȚȦȘȤȞ ȥȚȦȖȨȩȞȟȤȔ ȓ ȩȤȪȦȔȨȩȚȧ șȲȤ ȑȘȢȮȨȩȤȞ ȣȒȢȤȞ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

47

ǻȀȉȅȈ ȀȁǿȂǷȀǷȈ ȊȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȖȥȱȩȤȡȜ ȖȨȪȢȒȬȚȞȖ ȨȚ ȱȨȖ ȖȦȥȑțȚȞ Ȝ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȡȖȧ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȩȱȨȤ ȒȢȩȤȢȜ Ȝ ȨȪȢȲȥȖȦȣȜ șȞ ȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȳȢ ȡȚȘȚȝȳȢ ȘȲȦȮ ȡȖȧ ȥȤȪ șȚȢ ȡȖȧ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȫȝȤȲȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖ ȚȢȞȖȔȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ǽ ȚȥȞȨȓȡȖȢȨȜ ȗȒȗȖȞȖ ȖȫȤȦȑ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȱȬȞ ȩȱȨȤ ȨȩȜȢ ȡȚȘȑȠȜ ȟȠȔȡȖȟȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȨȩȜȢ ȒȢȩȤ ȢȜ ȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȩȤȪ ȚȠȑȬȞȨȩȤȪ ȉȤ ȪȥȚȦȡȒȘȚȝȚȧ ȨȪȢșȞȖȠȒȘȚȩȖȞ ȖȥȦȤȨșȱȟȜȩȖ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȡȞȟȦȱ ȅȞ ȤȘȟȳșȚȞȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȡȤȢȳȦȤȫȖ ȓ șȞȳȦȤȫȖ ȢȚȤȟȠȖȨȨȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȟȦȑ ȟȩȔȨȡȖȩȖ ȩȤ ȟȚȢȱ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȟȩȞȨȡȒȢȤǃ ȡȞȖ ȡȞȟȦȓ ȚȟȟȠȜȨȔȖ ȣȖȫȢȞȟȑ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȡȚȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȱȡȚȢȜ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȊȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȨȜȡȚȔȖ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȟȠȔȡȖȟȖ ȩȤȪ ȬȮȦȞȤȲ ȣȚȬȖȨȡȒȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȦȞȡȮȘȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȜ ȘȞȘȑȢȩȞȖ ȡȚȘȖȠȤȲȥȤȠȜ ȟȖȩȖȫȒȦȢȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȣȚȥȦȤ ȗȑȠȠȚȞ ȡȚȩȖȫȒȦȤȢȩȑȧ ȡȖȧ ȨȚ ȩȱȥȤȪȧ ȱȥȤȪ Ȝ ȟȠȔȡȖȟȖ ȩȤȪ ȑȢȝȦȮȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȩȤ ȟȲȦȞȤ ȡȒȩȦȤ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ șȞȖȫȪȠȑȨȨȚȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȟȱȠȥȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȞȖ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȤȪ ȖȥȚȞȦȤȚȠȑȬȞȨȩȤȪ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȖșȲȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȖ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȖȥȦȤȨșȱȟȜȩȖ ȡȒȦȜ ȉȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȨȩȒȟȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȚȔ ȟȑȝȚ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȤ ȥȤȪ ȡȚ ȚȪȟȤȠȔȖ ȒȢȖ ȡȚȘȑȠȤȧ ȱȘȟȤȧ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȟȖȩȖȫȒȦȢȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȩȑ ȨȩȞȧ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȚȧ ȩȤȪ ǹȠȖȨȩȦȤȲȠȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȩȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȬȖȠȑȟȞȖ ȥȖȞȬȢȞșȑȟȞȖ ȨȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȓ ȨȩȖ ȡȖȟȦȱȨȩȚȢȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȉȤ ȚȠȑȬȞȨȩȤ ȟȖȞ ȥȑȠȞ ȨȪȢȤȡȞȠȚȔ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȡȚȘȑȠȤ ǰȢȖ ȩȜȠȚȤȥȩȞȟȱ ȥȞȑȩȤ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȠȑȡȥȖ ȩȤȪ șȦȱȡȤȪ ȓ ȡȞȖ ȠȑȡȥȖ ȩȤȪ șȦȱȡȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȡȚȘȒȝȪȢȨȜ ȚȢȱȧ ȫȮȩȞȨȩȞȟȤȲ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȤȲ Ȭȳ ȦȤȪ ȒȢȖȧ ȚȣȤȥȠȞȨȡȱȧ ȟȠȞȡȖȩȞȨȡȤȲ ȡȚ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤ ȡȓȟȤȧ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ ȥȖȦȑȝȪȦȤ ȒȢȖ ȜȠȞȖȟȱ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȨȩȤ ȲȭȤȧ ȚȢȱȧ ȤȦȱȫȤȪ ȉȒȩȤȞȚȧ ȦȓȣȚȞȧ șȚȢ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȤȪȢ ȩȜ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȚȢȱȧ ȟȤȞȢȤȲ ȡȒȩȦȤȪ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ ȪȥȱȠȤȞȥȮȢ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ

8448

learning from ATHENS

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

49

ǻ ǿ ȃ Ƿǿ Ȉȉǿ ǹ Ȃ ǻ Ȉ ȂȚ ȩȤȢ ȔșȞȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȥȤȪ ȥȚȩȤȲȢ ȤȞ ȬȖȦ ȩȖȚȩȤȔ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȤ ȒȝȞȡȤ ȟȖȞ șȔȢȤȪȢ țȮȓ ȨȩȤȢ ȤȪȦȖȢȱ ȩȜȧ ȀȖȝȖȦȑȧ ǺȚȪȩȒ ȦȖȧ ȟȑȥȤȞȚȧ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȡȚȩȖȡȤȦȫȳȨȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ Ȯȧ ȖȞȫȢȔșȞȚȧ ȚȟȦȓ ȣȚȞȧ Ȯȧ șȚȦȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȖȨȝȒȢȚȞȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȚȣȖȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȘȦȓȘȤȦȖ ȱȥȮȧ ȚȔȬȖȢ ȚȡȫȖȢȞȨȩȚȔ ȡȚȩȖȨȬȜȡȖȩȔțȤȪȢ ȩȪȬȖȔȖ ȩȞȧ ȥȦȤȨȱȭȚȞȧ ȓ ȩȤȪȧ șȜȡȱȨȞ ȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȉȤ ȟȖȠȤȟȖȔȦȞ ȡȞȖ ȤȡȥȦȒ ȠȖ ȓ ȡȞȖ ȡȞȟȦȓ ȥȠȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȞȨȔȢȖ ȝȖ ȖȥȠȮȝȚȔ ȨȩȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȡȚȘȑȠȚȧ ȚȝȢȞȟȒȧ ȚȤȦȩȒȧ ȨȜȡȖȔȚȧ ȨȚ ȱȠȖ ȩȖ ȡȚ ȘȒȝȜ ȝȖ ȘȚȡȔȨȤȪȢ ȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔ ȮȢ ȩȤȢ ȂȑȜ ȨȩȚȫȑȢȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȠȤȪȠȤȲșȞȖ ǽ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȚȝȞȡȤȠȖȩȦȚȔȖ ȝȖ ȗȦȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȝȒȮȨȓ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȖ ȬȦȞȨȩȤȪȘȚȢȢȞȑȩȞ ȟȖ ȨȩȤȠȔșȞȖ ȩȮȢ ȡȞȟȦȳȢ ȡȥȖȠȟȤȢȞȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȗȞȩȦȔȢȚȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȖȨȩȜȡȑȩȮȢ ȉȖ ȫȮȩȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȤȪ șȦȱȡȤȪ ȨȩȤȠȔțȤ ȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ șȓȡȤ ȡȚ ȡȞȟȦȑ ȓ ȡȚ ȘȑȠȖ ȫȮȩȚȞȢȑ ȨȬȒșȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȬȓȡȖȩȖ ȊȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȚȦȔȥȤȪ ȒȢȖ ȡȓȢȖ ȚȟȚȔ ȥȤȪ ȩȖ ȒȬȚȞȧ ȨȪȢȜȝȔȨȚȞ ȩȖ ȠȖȡȥȦȑ ȖȨȩȒȦȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȠȖȡȥȞȱȢȞȖ ȖȥȤ ȡȖȟȦȲȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȣȖȢȑ Ȝ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȓȩȖȢ ȥȑȢȩȖ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȠȠȑțȚȞ ȥȦȱȨȮȥȖ ȟȖȞ ȡȖȢșȲȚȧ ȨȚ ȩȒȩȤȞȤ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȥȤȪ ȡȖȧ ȟȦȖȩȑȚȞ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȚȘȦȓȘȤȦȨȜ

ǺȚȢ ȣȒȦȮ ȖȢ ȚȨȚȔȧ ȥȦȤȠȑȗȖȩȚ ȩȞȧ ȡȥȤȪȘȑșȚȧ ȖȥȠȮȡȒȢȚȧ DZȩȖȢ ȩȦȤȡȚ Ȧ ȑ Ț Ȣș Ȟ ȖȫȒ ȦȤȢ ȝȒȖȡȖ ǻȔȬȖȢ ȟȑȩȞ ȝȚȖ ȩȦȞȟȱ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȟȖȠȪȥȩȞȟȱ ȆȖȦȖȩȜȦȳȢȩȖȧ ȩȖ ȦȤȲȬȖ ȩȞȧ ȥȚȩȨȒȩȚȧ ȩȖ ȪȫȑȨȡȖȩȖ ȩȞȧ ȡȪȦȮșȞȒȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȢȖȟȑȠȪȥȩȚȧ ȩȤȪȧ Ȗ Ȣ ȝȦ ȳȥȤȪ ȧ ǺȞȒȟȦȞȢȚȧ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȖȘȮȘȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȜȢ ȩȑȣȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȞȧ ȨȪȢȓȝȚȞȒȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȜ țȮȓ ȩȤȪȧ ǹȞȖ ȡȒȢȖ ȤȞ ȡȥȤȪȘȑș Țȧ ȓȩȖȢ ȩȤ ȘȤȲȨȩȤ ȩȮȢ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȮȢ ȖȥȠȮȡȒȢȤ ȤȞ ȚȥȞȠȤȘȒȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȦȚȡȖȨȡȒȢȚȧ ȨȚ șȲȤ ȡȖȢȩȖȠȑȟȞȖ ȒȟȝȚȩȚȧ

50

learning from ATHENS

ǷȈȆȇ ȅȇ ȅȊȌ Ƿ

ȂȖ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȑ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȑ ȚȫȓȡȚȦȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ șȔȢȤȪȢ ȥȤȠȪȬȦȮȡȔȖ ȨȩȞȧ ȡȤȪȢȩȒȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ Ȏȧ ȖȢȖȥȱȨȥȖȨȩȤ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȤȞ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȒȧ ȡȥȤȪȘȑșȚȧ ȩȮȢ ȢȤȞ ȟȤȟȪȦȞȳȢ ȟȤȨȡȤȲȢ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȫȖȢȚȦȳȢȤȪȢ ȩȜ țȮȓ ȨȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȉȖ ȦȤȲȬȖ ȖȥȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȚȘȢȳȢȤȪȢ ȡȖțȚȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȖȪȩȑ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȚ ȥȚȦȔȥȤȪ ȳȦȚȧ ȈȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȔ ȩȜȧ șȚȢ șȞȨȩȑțȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȚȟȝȒȩȤȪȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȖȪȩȤȲȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȱȩȖȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȤȞȩȑȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȠȳ ȢȤȪȢ ȩȖ ȦȤȲȬȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȚ ȟȤȞȩȤȲȢ ȥȔȨȮ ȡȚ ȑȘȦȞȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȢȞȳȝȤȪȢ ȱȩȞ ȣȚȥȚȦȢȑȧ ȩȖ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȑ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȲȢȤȦȖ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢ ȤȞ ȔșȞȤȞ ȩȖ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȥȤȠȲ ȥȦȞȢ ȟȖȩȖȦȘȓȨȚȞ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

51

ȉȅ ȅ ȃ ȅ Ȃ Ƿ Ȃ ȅȊ ǻ ǿ ȃǷ ǿ ȂȞȖ ȩȚȦȖȩȳșȜȧ ȚȥȞȘȦȖȫȤȟȦȖȩȔȖ ȟȖȩȖȟȠȲțȚȞ ȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȅȞ ȩȤȔȬȤȞ ȡȞȠȑȢȚ ȫȮȢȑțȤȪȢ ȡȖȧ ȡȚȩȖȫȒȦȤȪȢ ȖȡȒȩȦȜȩȖ ȡȜȢȲȡȖȩȖ ȖȘȢȳȨȩȮȢ ȥȠȜȦȤȫȤȦȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȜȡȑșȞȖ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓȧ ȬȦȓ ȨȜȧ ȖȞȨȝȓȡȖȩȖ ȖȘȑȥȜȧ ȡȔȨȤȪȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȑ ȅȞ ȩȤȔȬȤȞ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȘȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȡȗȑȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȓȧ ȨȟȒȭȜȧ ȝȪȡȤȲ ȓ ȢȩȦȤȥȞȖȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȠȱȘȤȪ ȖȥȤ ȟȩȤȲȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȫȚȪȘȖȠȒȤ ȖȢȩȖȢȖȟȠȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȤȨȮȦȞȢȓ ȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȪ ȟȑȥȤȞȖ ȨȩȞȘȡȓ ȨȚ ȟȑȥȤȞȤ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȉȖ ȘȟȦȑȫȞȩȞ șȚȢ ȠȒȢȚ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ ȑȠȠȤ Ȗȥȱ mȁȒȘȤȡȖȞ ȩȑșȚ ȟȖȞ ȪȥȑȦȬȮ } ȟȑȢȤȪȢ șȜȠȖșȓ ȡȞȖ șȞȖȫȓȡȞȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȲȥȖȦȣȜȧ ȆȤȠȠȒȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȤȞ ȚȥȞȘȦȖȫȞȟȒȧ ȚȥȞȝȒȨȚȞȧ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȮȢ ȘȟȦȑȫȞȩȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȪȟȢȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȗȔȖȞȚȧ ǮȠȠȤȩȚ ȖȢȖțȮȤȘȤȢȜȩȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȝȚȦȖ ȥȚȪȩȞȟȒȧ ȀȠȚȔȢȤȪȢ ȥȠȜȘȒȧ șȔȢȤȪȢ ȣȖȢȑ țȮȓ ȨȚ Ȗȥȱ ȟȖȞȦȱ ȢȚȟȦȑ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǷȢȩȞ ȠȖȡȗȖȢȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȡȞȖ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȒȡȗȖȨȜ ȨȩȞȧ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȩȚ ȡȞȠȑȡȚ ȘȞȖ ȡȤȪȩțȤȲȦȚȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱ ȒȦȘȤ ȩȒȬȢȜȧ ȂȥȖȔȢȤȪȡȚ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ ȟȖȞ ȥȑȠȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȟȦȑȩȚȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȬȚȞȦȤȥȤȔȜȩȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȜȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪ

ǷȆǷǹȅȇǻȊǻȉǷǿ ǽ ȉȅǿȌȅȀȅȁȁǽȈǽ

ǻȥȞȥȠȒȤȢ ȢȒȤȞ ȡȖȢșȲȚȧ ȣȚȥȜșȤȲȢ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȖ ȥȠȖȔ ȨȞȖ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȓȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȪȠȔȘȤȪȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȤȔȬȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȅ Ƞȱ ȘȤȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȞȧ ȖȫȔȨȚȧ dzȥȤȪ ȖȥȖȘȤȦȚȲȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȩȤȞȬȤȟȱȠȠȜȨȜ ȚȟȚȔ ȨȔȘȤȪȦȖ ȝȖ șȤȲȡȚ ȡȞȖ ȖȢȚȡȤșȖȦȡȒȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȔȨȮȧ ȣȚȨȟȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȬȖȦȩȞȢȜ ȖȫȔȨȖ ȟȑȥȤȞȖȧ ȖȥȚȦȬȱȡȚȢȜȧ ȚȟșȓȠȮȨȜȧ ǹȚȡȔțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȚ ȬȦȳȡȖȩȖ ȨȲȡȗȤȠȖ ȠȒȣȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȥȠȜȦȤȫȤȦȔȖ ȆȠȜȦȤȫȤȦȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȥȒȦȖȨȚ ȓ ȥȤȪ ȔȨȮȧ ȝȖ ȒȦȝȚȞ ȨȲȢȩȤȡȖ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ șȞȚȞȨșȲȨȚȞ ȘȞȖ ȠȔȘȤ ȨȩȜ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȡȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȚȥȱȡȚȢȤ ȠȚȥȩȱ ȢȖ ȬȖȝȚȔ ǷȢ Ȝ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȒȬȢȜ ȥȤȪ ȚȣȪȥȜȦȚȩȚȔ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ ȩȱȩȚ Ȥ ȥȞȤ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȤȧ ȦȱȠȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȪȩȱȧ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȫȒȦȚȞ șȜȠȖșȓ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȚȧ ȒȩȤȞ

ȡȚȧ ȢȖ șȚȬȩȤȲȢ ȩȞȧ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȚȧ ȓ ȥȦȤȚȩȤȞȡȖȨȡȒȢȚȧ mȚȥȞȝȒ ȨȚȞȧ} ȩȮȢ ȤȡȑșȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȖȦȩȔțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ ȟȖȞ țȜȩȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȚȟȫȦȖȨȩȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȓȨȤȪȢ ȓ ȢȖ ȚȟȩȤȢȮȝȤȲȢ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȒȢȖȢ ȓ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȑȠȠȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ǽ ȚȥȞșȚȦȡȔșȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȖȢȖȘȢȳȨȞȡȜ

52

learning from ATHENS

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

53

Ƿ Ȇ ȅ ȍ ǽ ȁ Ƿ

54

learning from ATHENS

ǷȢȚȗȖȔȢȤȪȡȚ ȭȜȠȑ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȣȚȫȚȲȘȤȪȡȚ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȘȦȑȥȮȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȘȜȧ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȱȨȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȖȧ ȫȖȢȚȦȳȢȚȞ ȡȥȦȤȨȩȑ ȨȩȖ ȥȱșȞȖ ȡȖȧ ǽ ȥȚ ȦȞȨȟȤȥȞȟȓ ȡȖȧ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȖȢȖȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ șȦȑȨȜ Ƿȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȁȪȟȖȗȜȩȩȱ ȖȢȖ țȜȩȤȲȡȚ ȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖǃ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȬȖȝȚȔ ȨȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȪșȞȑȟȦȞȩȤ ȈȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȡȥȖȠȮȡȒȢȜ ȫȝȖȦȡȒ ȢȜ ȥȦȱȬȚȞȦȜ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȤȦȘȑȢȮȩȜ ȡȑțȖ ȡȤȢȑȬȖ ȡȞȖ ǷȟȦȱȥȤȠȜ ȒȢșȤȣȜ ȖȢȖșȲȚȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȠȜȝȳȦȖ ȟȤȪȩȞȳȢ ȆȚȦȞȡȚȩȦȞȟȑ ȩȜȧ ȩȖ ȟȤȪȩȞȑ ȖȪȩȑ ȖȥȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȱȠȤ ȩȤ ȠȚȟȖȢȤȥȒșȞȤ ȒȢȖ ȥȖȞȬȢȔșȞ ȩȒȩȦȞȧ ȡȚ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȑ ȟȩȔȦȞȖ ȡȤȢȑșȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȒȢȖ ȒȦȬȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ mȟȤȠȠȑȚȞ} ȥȑȢȮ ȨȩȤ ȑȠȠȤ ȀȞ ȱȡȮȧ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȚȔ ȒȢȖȢȩȞ ȩȜȧ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȚȟȚȔ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ǰȢȖ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȠȚȪȟȱ ȘȟȦȞ ȝȤȠȱ Ȗȥȱ ȡȥȚ ȩȱȢ ȟȖȞ ȡȖȲȦȚȧ ȓ ȥȞȤ ȒȘȬȦȮȡȚȧ ȟȤȪȟȔșȚȧ ѪȩȖ ȥȖȦȑȝȪȦȖ ȤȞ ȥȱȦȩȚȧ ȤȞ ȩȒȢȩȚȧ ȈȔȘȤȪȦȖ șȲȨȟȤȠȖ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȢȖ ȟȖȩȖȠȑȗȚȞ ȩȞ ȖȢȓȟȚȞ ȥȤȪ ȅȞ șȦȱȡȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȥȠȖȩȚȔȚȧ șȪȨșȞȑȟȦȞȩȤȞ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȬȖȡȒȢȤȞ ȨȩȤ ȢȒȤ ȩȚȬȢȜȩȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȉȚȠȞȟȑ ȡȑȠȠȤȢ ȱȠȖ ȖȢȓȟȤȪȢ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȓ mȝȑȠȖȨȨȖ ȩȤȪ ȡȥȚȩȱȢ} ȥȤȪ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȣȚȬȲȢȚȩȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȖȦȖȨȲȦȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȤȡȤȘȚȢȤȥȤȞȚȔ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

55

ȅ Ȇ ȅȊ ȋȉǷȈ ǻ ǿ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȑȢȖȦȬȜ ȘȠȪȥȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȘȚȡȑȩȜ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȚȣȤȘȟȳȡȖȩȖ ȞȤȲȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȖ ȦȑȨȞȩȖ dzȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȟȖȩȖȟȠȲțȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȡȖȧ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȡȞȖ ȣȚȫȩȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȟȤȦȪȫȤȘȦȖȡȡȓ ȒȢȖ ȖȨȖȫȒȧ ȱȦȞȤ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȤȪȦȖȢȤȲ ȉȔȥȤȩȖ șȚȢ ȣȒȦȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȟȦȞȗȳȧ ȩȚȠȚȞȳȢȚȞ ȉȤ ȟȤȪȩȔ ȱȨȤ ȖȢȚȗȖȔȢȚȞ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȔțȚȩȖȞ ȳȨȥȤȪ ȢȖ ȡȚȔȢȚȞ ȡȤȢȑȬȖ ȡȞȖ ȟȚȦȖȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȥȖȝȚȔ ȢȖ ȖȘȘȔȣȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȤȪȦȖȢȱ ȃȖȞ ȡȑȠȠȤȢ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȚȠȚȞȳȢȚȞ ȚȟȚȔ ȥȤȪ ȫȩȑ ȢȤȪȢ ȤȞ ȖȨȪȘȟȦȑȩȜȩȚȧ ȟȚȦȖȔȚȧ ȩȜȧ

ȥȑȢȚȠ

56

learning from ATHENS

ǻ ȃ Ȁ ǷȉǷȀ ȁǻ ǿ Ǻǿ ǹȲȦȮ ȡȖȧ ȖȟȦȞȗȳȧ ȨȩȤ ȩȚȠȚȔȮȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȖ ȦȑȩȨȚȧ ȖȡȒȩȦȜȩȚȧ ȥȖȦȱȡȤȞȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪ ȢȑȡȖ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȒȧ ȨȪȢȚȬȚȔȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȖ ȢȖȠȖȡȗȖȢȱȡȚȢȚȧ ȱȠȚȧ ȥȑȢȩȖ ȒȩȤȞȡȚȧ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȖȠȑȗȤȪȢ ȟȑȝȚ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȤ ȓ ȤȞ ȟȞȖȟȱ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȥȤȪ șȚȢ ȬȮȦȑȚȞ ȟȑȥȤȪ ȖȠȠȤȲ ȉȤ ȗȠȒȡȡȖ ȡȖȧ ȖșȪȢȖȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȢȖ ȖȥȖȦȞȝȡȓȨȚȞ ȩȖ șȤȦȪȫȤȦȞȟȑ ȥȞȑȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȟȚȦȖȔȚȧ ȩȜȠȚȱȦȖȨȜȧ ȨȩȖȡȖȩȑ ȨȩȜ ȡȥȤȪȘȑșȖ ȩȜȧ ȢȤȞȟȤȟȪȦȑȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȨȥȞȩȑȟȞ ȩȤȪ ȨȟȲȠȤȪ ȨȩȤ ȖȥȒȢȖȢȩȞ ȚȥȔ ȥȚșȤ șȳȡȖ ȁȔȘȚȧ ȱȡȮȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȤȞȟȚȞȤ ȥȤȞȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȒȩȤȞȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȩȖ șȳȡȖȩȑ ȩȤȪȧ Ƿȥѭ ȱȩȞ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ Ȗȥȱ ȭȜȠȑ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȞȤ ȮȦȖȔȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȨȩȞȘȡȒȧ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȠȖȡȗȑȢȤȪȢ ȩȖ ȜȠȞȖȟȑ

ǰ7$*( (1 5(75$,7

ǻȟȚȔ ȟȑȥȤȪ ȨȩȤ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȥȤȪ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȩȚȠȚȞȳȢȚȞ Ȥ ȟȲȦȞȤȧ ȟȤȦȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȑțȖȧ Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȣȚȟȞȢȑȚȞ Ȝ ȨȩȒȭȜ ȩȜȧ ȒȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȔȨȮȧ ȩȤ ȥȞȤ ȨȜȡȖȢȩȞȟȱ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȤ ȥȤȪ șȔȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȨȩȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȩȜȧ ǷȢ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȚȔȬȚ ȒȢȖ ȨȖȫȒȧ ȩȚȠȚȔȮȡȖ ȖȢ Ȝ ȨȩȖșȞȖȟȓ ȖȥȤșȱȡȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ șȚȢ ȪȥȓȦȬȚ ȩȱȩȚ ȨȔȘȤȪȦȖ ȝȖ ȓȩȖȢ ȡȞȖ ȩȚȠȚȔȮȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ǽ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȪȩȓ ȥȤȪ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȡȖȧ șȔȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȔȨȝȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ mȫȖȘȮȡȒȢȤȪ} ȩȤȪ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȉȖ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȩȒȢȩȚȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȖȥȠȳȨȩȦȚȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȓȥȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȉȚȠȞȟȑ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȞ ȑȠȠȤȞ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȠȖȡȗȑȢȤȪȢ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȞȤ ȮȦȖȔȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȞȘȡȒȧ dzȨȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȖȥȱȨȩȖȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȘȜ ȩȱȨȤ ȥȞȤ ȟȤȢȩȑ ȒȦȬȚȨȖȞ ȨȚ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ ȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȥȤȡȚȔȢȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȫȲȨȜ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ șȜȠȖșȓ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȫȮȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȖȒȦȖ ȈȩȖ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ Ȥ ȓȠȞȤȧ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȫȲȨȜ ȚȥȞȨȩȦȒȫȤȪȢ Ȥ ȤȦȔțȤȢȩȖȧ ȖȥȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȳȢȚȞ ȩȜ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȖȢȖȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȔțȚȞ ȩȜ ȬȖȡȒȢȜ ȖȣȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȤȪȦȖȢȤȲ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ ȑȠȠȤ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȤȪ ȂȞȖ ȪȥȒȦȘȚȞȖ ȖȪȠȓ ȱȥȤȪ ȤȞ ȩȒȢȩȚȧ ȱȠȤ ȦȔȘȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȠȤȪȠȤȲșȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȨȥȑȢȞȖ ȭȖȝȮȩȑ ȜȡȚ ȦȚȲȤȪȢ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȞȦȱ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȞȢȜ ȫȦȤȢȩȔșȖ ȖȘȟȖȠȞȑțȚȞ ȒȢȖ ȟȖȞȢȤȲȦȞȤ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȠȔȡȖ

ȈȲȡȫȮȢȖ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȠȚȣȞȟȱ ȩȜȧ ȃȒȖȧ ǻȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ǹȠȳȨȨȖȧ ȩȤȪ ǹ ȂȥȖȡȥȞȢȞȳȩȜ ȩȤ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ ȚȔȢȖȞ mȤ ȩȚȠȚȪȩȖȔȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȟȦȱȩȚȦȤȧ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȟȪȦ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȡȚ ȡȚȘȑȠȜ ȗȚȦȑȢȩȖ Ȝ ȥȦȱȨȤȭȜ ȩȤȪ ȤȥȤȔȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȔȨȮ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȱȨȤȭȜ ȩȤȪ ȪȥȱȠȤȞȥȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ} ȅ ȅȞȟ ȀȖȢȤȢȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȤȪ ȱȦȞțȚ mdzȩȖȢ Ȥ ȡȒȘȞȨȩȤȧ ȖȦȞȝȡȱȧ ȚȥȞȩȦȚȥȱȡȚȢȮȢ ȤȦȱȫȮȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤȧ ȩȤȪ Ѵ

ȚȥȞȩȦȚȥȱȡȚȢȤȪ ȡȚȘȔȨȩȤȪ ȖȦȞȝȡȤȲ ȤȦȱȫȮȢ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȱȨȤȭȞȢ ȩȱȩȚ ȤȞ ȚȥȔ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȱȦȤȫȤȞ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȚȢ ȚȨȤȬȓ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȤȨȱȭȚȮȧ ȟȖȞ ȒȟȖȨȩȤȧ ȚȞȧ ȗȑȝȤȧ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱȢ șȲȤ ȟȖȞ ȓȡȞȨȪ ȡȒȩȦȮȢ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪ ȪȥȤȟȚȞȡȒȢȤȪ} ȋǻȀ ȑȦȝȦȤ ȥȖȦ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

57

ȀȖȝȳȧ ȢȪȬȩȳȢȚȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ǸȖȗȒȠ ȖȥȤȬȖȞȦȚȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȪȦȚȩȳșȜ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȨȲȘȬȪȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȫȖȢȚȦȳȢȚȞ ȒȢȖȢ ȚȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȖșȪȢȖȩȚȔ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȫȝȚȔ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȩȜȢ ȜȡȒȦȖ ȉȖ ȟȤȪȩȞȑ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȘȚȞȩȤȢȞȒȧ ȨȟȤȩȚȞȢȞȑțȤȪȢ ȱȩȖȢ Ȥ ȓȠȞȤȧ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȲȢȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȤȪȢ ȨȩȖ ȫȳȩȖ ȩȮȢ șȦȱȡȮȢ ȢȖ ȡȖȧ ȡȞȠȓȨȤȪȢ ȂȱȢȤ ȩȳȦȖ ȤȞ șȦȱȡȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȞ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȫȖȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȝȖȦȑ ȂȱȢȤ ȩȳȦȖ ȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȨȪȢȤȢȝȲȠȚȪȡȖ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȟȞȑ ȡȥȤȦȤȲ ȡȚ ȢȖ șȞȖȟȦȔȢȤȪȡȚ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȫȮȩȚȞȢȒȧ ȦȤȒȧ ȩȤ șȔȟȩȪȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȥȚȦȥȖȩȑȡȚ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȑ ȖȠȠȑ ȥȖȦѭ ȱȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȡȖȧ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȬȖȤȩȞȟȱ ȃȖ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ ȥȮȧ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ ȞȬȢȤȘȦȖȫȓȨȤȪȡȚ ȒȢȖ șȞȑȘȦȖȡȡȖ șȜȡȤȨȔȮȢ ȬȳȦȮȢ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ

58

learning from ATHENS

NȎ t C ȍ)z ǰ l Ȏ|f z

ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȱȨȤ ȟȖȞ ȖȢ ȡȖȧ șȔȢȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȚȘȟȖȩȑȠȚȞȭȜȧ ȩȜȢ ȜȡȒȦȖ ȱȨȤ ȟȖȞ ȖȢ ȡȖȧ ȖȫȓȢȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȘȚȲȨȜ ȥȖȦȖȟȡȓȧ ȥȖȦѭ ȱȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȜ ȢȲȬȩȖ ȡȚȩȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ Țȟ ȝȖȲȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȖȘȞȟȓ

ȄǿǷȁǼȇǺȆ ȆȇǼȁ ǷīǼȁǷ

59

60

learning from ATHENS

z Z|)N)z|)zǰ|+zǰmfN+z | 02

61

62

learning from ATHENS

ȅ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȨȪȘȟȦȤȩȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȮȢ ȞșȞȖțȱȢȩȮȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞ ȨȩȞȟȳȢ ȩȮȢ ȡȤȦȫȳȢ ȟȑȝȚ ȚȔșȤȪȧ ȥȤȪ ȩȜȢ ȖȫȤȦȤȲȢ ǷȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȥȦȤ ȨȥȖȝȓȨȖȡȚ ȢȖ ȩȖ ȥȦȤȨȚȘȘȔȨȤȪȡȚ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȗȞȮȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȗȖȨȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȤ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȪȨȡȒȢȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȤȥȩȞȟȓ ȖȢȩȔȠȜȭȜ ȚȞȟȱȢȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȡȚ ȨȩȱȬȤ ȢȖ ȚȢȩȤȥȔȨȤȪȡȚ ȟȦȪȡȡȒȢȚȧ ȨȜȡȖȨȔȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȆȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ ȱȩȞ ȥȖȦȑ ȩȜȢ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȜ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȨȥȖȨȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȚȢȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȞ ȘȚȢȞȟȤȔ ȟȖȢȱȢȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȦȬȒȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȚȥȜȦȚȑțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȫȪȨȞȤȘȢȮȡȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȨȚ ȱȠȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȥȩȪȬȒȧ ȩȮȢ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒ ȢȮȢ ȥȚȦȞȤȬȳȢ ǷȪȩȒȧ ȤȞ ȖȦȬȒȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȪȢȩȚȠȚȨȩȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȳȢ

ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

63

64

learning from ATHENS

01

ȃ ǺȀǸǷȇǼȆ ȇȁ ǷīǼȁȋȁ

¥ ¥ ǽ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȞșȞȑțȤȪȨȖ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȲ ȩȤȥȔȤȪ ȋȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ șȚȢ ȟȖȩȑȫȚȦȚ ȢȖ ȘȔȢȚȞ șȞȖȟȦȞȩȱ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȡȑȠȠȤȢ Ȝ ȚȣȖȔȦȚȨȜ ȉȤ ȖȩȩȞȟȱ ȫȪ ȨȞȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȖȨȩȖȝȚȔ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȤ ȞȨȤȥȖȬȒȧ ȨȩȦȳȡȖ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȟȖȠȲȥȩȚȞ ȖșȞȑȟȦȞȩȖ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȳȢȩȖȧ ȡȞȖ ȢȒȖ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ǷȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȢȒȤ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȚȣȖȞȦȚȩȞȟȑ ȥȪȟȢȱ ȭȜȫȞșȮȩȱ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ Ƿȝȓ ȢȖȧ ǷȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȚȫȱȨȤȢ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȚȢȞȖȔȖ ȟȦȖȩȞȟȓ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȪȠȤȥȤȞȚȔȩȖȞ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȞȟȑ Ȫȥȱ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȞȟȒȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȤȥȤȠȞȩȞȟȒȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȥȚ ȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȚȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ Ȗȥȱ ȡȜ ȚȥȳȢȪȡȤȪȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȚȧ ȓ ȚȣȚȞșȞȟȚȪȡȒȢȤȪȧ ȩȚȬȢȔȩȚȧ ȈȩȤ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȔȖ Ȯȧ ȚȦȡȜȢȚȪȩȞȟȱ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȤ ȩȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜ ȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȠȤȘȞȟȓȧ ȥȖȦȒȡȗȖȨȜȧ ȨȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȔȨȮȧ ȖȥȒȩȪȬȚ ǺȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȨȬȒșȞȤ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȖȦȑ ȡȱȢȤ ȨȬȒșȞȖ ȤȞȟȤȥȒșȮȢ ȖșȪȢȖȡȔȖ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȥȦȖȟȩȞȟȑ ȣȚȥȚȦȢȞȒȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞ ȟȓȧ ȥȦȮȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖȧ ȈȪȢȚȥȳȧ Ȝ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȗȖȨȞȟȤȲ ȞȨȩȤȲ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȗȖȨȔȨȩȜȟȚ ȟȖȩȚ ȣȤȬȓȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȚȟȡȚȩȑȠȠȚȪȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȘȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȡȖțȞȟȓȧ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȓȧ ȥȖ ȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ǽ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȖ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȚȫȖȦȡȱțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȑȣȜ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȡȜȬȖȢȞȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȠȓȦȮȨȜ ȖȨȩȞȟȳȢ ȟȚȢȳȢ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȩȞȥȖȦȤȬȓȧ ȖȢȩȖȠ ȠȖȘȓ ȘȜȧ ȡȚ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȖ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ Ȯȧ ȡȞȖ ȡȤȦȫȓ șȱȡȜȨȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȩȖȥȤȟȦȔ ȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȞșȞȱȟȩȜȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜȧ ȂȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȩȞȥȖȦȤȬȓȧ Ȝ ȆȤȠȞ ȩȚȔȖ ȒșȮȨȚ ȩȜ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ mȨȩȤ ȠȖȱ} ȢȖ ȠȲȨȚȞ ȨȚ ȡȚȘȑȠȤ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȡȱȢȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȩȞȧ ȨȩȚȘȖȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȩȤȪ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȚȦȔȤșȤ ȩȜȧ ȡȚȘȑȠȜȧ ȖȨȩȪȫȞȠȔȖȧ ȅȞ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȚȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȗȖȨȔȨȩȜȟȖȢ ȨȩȜȢ Țȥѭ ȑȥȚȞȦȤȢ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȡȚ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȪȒȠȞȟȩȤȪ ȥȤȠȪȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȟȤȲ ȟȩȞȦȞȖȟȤȲ ȩȲȥȤȪ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȜȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȡȤȢȑșȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȂȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȖȪȩȓ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȖȪȩȤ ȖȢȑ ȥȩȪȣȜȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȬȚ ȚȘȟȖȝȞșȦȪȝȚȔ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȤ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȪȥȱȗȖȝȦȤ ȓ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȱ

mǻȥȚȡȗȖȔȢȚȞ Ȝ ȟȚȦșȤȨȟȤȥȔȖ ȨȩȜ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȬȖȡȜȠȳȢ ȨȥȞȩȞȳȢ ȨȩȤ ȟȒȢȩȦȤ ȪȭȳȢȚȞ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȘȪȖȠȔ ȟȖȞ ȡȥȚȩȱȢ Ѵ ȟȖȩȖȥȖȩȑ ȩȖ ȘȲȦȮ ȗȤȪȢȑ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȢȤȢȞȟȓ ȤȞȟȤȥȚșȤȥȤȔȜȨȓ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȨȟȚȥȑțȚȞ ȡȚ ȨȥȞȩȑȟȞȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȲȗȠȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȨȞȡȚȢȩȱȠȞȝȤȪȧ ȂȒȨȖ ȨѭȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȖȩȖȦȖȬȓ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ șȚȢ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȡȔȖ ȩȑȣȜ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȤ ȗȔȖȞȤ ȥȖȞȬȢȔșȞ ȩȮȢ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȳȢ șȪȢȑȡȚȮȢ }

ǷȔȨȮȥȤȧ ǹȞȑȢȢȜȧ ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȉȤȥȔȖ ȚȟȡȤȢȩȚȦȢȞȨȡȤȲ 0(7$32/,6 35(66 ǷȝȓȢȖ ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ șȞȑȠȚȣȜ ǽ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȔȖ ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠȠȑșȖ mȉȜ ȠȲȨȜ ȡȑȠȞȨȩȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜ șȪȨȟȤȠȔȖ ȬȦȜȡȖȩȤșȱȩȜȨȜȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȒȘȚȦȨȜ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȝȖ șȳȨȚȞ Ȝ ȚȦȘȤȠȖȗȞȟȓ ȖȢȩȞȥȖȦȤȬȓ ȱȥȤȪ Ȥ ȞșȞȤȟȩȓȩȜȧ ȖȥȤțȜȡȞȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ ȤȞȟȱȥȚșȤ ȩȤȪ ȡȚ ȖȦȞȝȡȱ ȩȚȠȚȞȮȡȒȢȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ǷȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȟȱȨȩȤȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓȧ ȥȖȦȒȡȚȞȢȚ ȒȩȨȞ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȖ ȪȭȜȠȱ Ȝ ǻȠȠȑșȖ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȑ ȡȥȱȦȚȨȚ ȢȖ șȞȖȩȜȦȓȨȚȞ ȖȨȪȢȓȝȞȨȩȖ ȪȭȜȠȱ șȚȔȟȩȜ ȞșȞȤȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȖȦȞȝȡȱ ȖȨȩȒȘȮȢ } ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ șȞȑȠȚȣȜ ǽ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȔȖ ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠȠȑșȖ ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȈȤȫȤȲȠȜȧ ȉȤ ȝȚȨȡȞȟȱ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȤ ȩȮȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȳȢ ȖȢȖȥȠȑȨȚȮȢ ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠȠȑșȖ ǺȞȚȝȢȒȧ ȈȪȢȒșȦȞȤ ȩȤȪ mȆȦȤ ȘȦȑȡȡȖȩȤȧ ǽȇǷȀȁǽȈ} ǷȝȓȢȖ ȂȖȯȤȪ ǻȝȢȞȟȱ DzșȦȪȡȖ ǻȦȚȪȢȳȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ Ȥȧ ȩȱȡȤȧ ȨȚȠ *X\ %XUJHO ǷȝȓȢȖ Ȝ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȡȚȨȤȘȚȞȖȟȓȧ ȥȦȮȩȚȲȤȪȨȖȧ ǻȣȑȢȩȖȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

65

66

learning from ATHENS

01

ȃ ǺȀǸǷȇǼȆ ȇȁ ǷīǼȁȋȁ

ȀȖȩȑ ȒȢȖȢ ȖȠȠȱȟȤȩȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȩȤ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȡȮȨȖȯȟȱ ȩȮȢ ȢȜȨȞȳȩȞȟȮȢ ȤȞȟȞȨȡȳȢ ȖȢȖȥȖȦȑȘȚȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȡȓȩȦȖ ǽ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȢȖ ȟȦȲȗȚȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȟȱȠȥȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȩȜ ȠȤȘȞȟȓ ȩȮȢ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȳȢ ȤȞȟȞȨȡȳȢ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȖȪȩȤȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜȧ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȖȩȒȦȡȤȢȜ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ ȈȩȜȢ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ ȱȡȮȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȩȤ ȖȦȘȱ ȟȤȥȞȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȬȩȔȨȞȡȤ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȝȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȘȦȓȘȤȦȜ ȖȢȒȘȚȦȨȜ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȳȢ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȮȢ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȮȢ ȉȤ ȡȚȦȑȟȞ ȟȖȞ Ȥ ȡȱȬȝȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȝȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȱ ȨȪȡȫȒȦȤȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȘȟȖȝȞșȦȲȚȩȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȞȨȤȥȚșȮȩȞȟȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȱȥȤȪ Ȥ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȬȦȳȡȖ ȚȟȩȤȥȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ǽ ȡȤȢȑșȖ ȩȮȢ ȢȜȨȞȮȩȞȟȳȢ ȤȞȟȞȨȡȳȢ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȑ Ȗȥȱ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȱȢȜȡȖ Ȯȧ ȘȒȢȢȜȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȖȪȩȤȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȞȟȓȧ ȨȤȫȔȖȧ ȩȤȪ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲ ȩȤȪ ȨȚ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȨȜ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȒȢȖ ȞȨȤȥȚșȮȩȞȟȱ ȤȠȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȥȦȤȯȱȢ ȩȜȧ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȓȧ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ǽ ȖȩȚȠȚȔȮȩȜ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȩȜȧ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȩȚȠȞȟȑ ȡȞȖ ȥȤȠȲȥȠȤȟȖ ȖȦȝȦȮȡȒȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȡȜ ȨȪȢȚȞșȜȩȱ ȚȥȔȩȚȪȘȡȖ Ȝ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȜ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȟȤȪȠȩȤȲȦȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȚȢȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȨȩȤ ȪȥȤȨȪȢȚȔșȜȩȤ ȩȤȪ ǰȠȠȜȢȖ

mȀȞ ȒȩȨȞ Ȝ ȥȦȮȩȚȲȤȪȨȖ ȥȤȪ ȒȥȖȞȦȢȚ ȡȓȢȖ ȡȓȢȖ șȞȖȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȬȤȠȪȘȤȪȢȩȞȖȢȤȲ ȩȒȦȖȩȤȧ ȖȥȱȟȩȜȨȚ ȟȖȦșȞȑ ȡȚ ȥȖȢȩȚȠȳȧ ȖȪȩȱȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȞȤȲȧ ȦȪȝȡȤȲȧ ȥȞȤ ȑȢȖȦȬȜ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȑȢȖȦȬȜ ȩțȖț } ȈȚ ȡȞȖ ȥȦȤȨȥȑȝȚȞȖ ȖȟȩȞȢȤȘȦȑȫȜȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȖȦѭ ȱȠȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȫȖȞȢȤȡȚȢȞ ȟȒȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȟȦȲȗȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȓ ȠȤȘȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ șȤȡȓ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȖȥȤ ȟȖȠȲȥȩȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȖ ȟȤȪȫȑȦȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȣȚȟȔȢȜȨȖȢ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȩȒ șȚȢ ȩȚȠȚȔȮ ȨȖȢ ѯȄȚȘȪȡȢȳȢȤȢȩȖȧѰ ȩȜȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ Ȥ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȤȦȡȥȪțȞȖȢȤȲ ȨȪȨȩȓȡȖȩȤȧ ȡȚ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȱ Ȗȥȱ ȨȟȪȦȱșȚȡȖ ȟȠȞȡȖȟȤȨȩȑȨȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȫȦȒȖȦ ȖȢȚȠȟȪȨȩȓȦȖ ȫȖȢȚȦȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȀȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖ ȨȩȞȟȱȧ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȖȥȠȱȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȱȧ ȡȚ ȡȚȘȑȠȜ șȞȑȦȟȚȞȖ țȮȓȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȤȠȤȟȠȓȦȮȨȜȧ ȨȚ ȫȑȨȚȞȧ ȒȢȖ ȥȦȱȩȪȥȤ ȥȦȤȧ Țȥѭ ȖȱȦȞȨȩȤȢ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ Ȝ ȗȑȨȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȢȒȖȧ ȠȖȯȟȓȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ

ǷȝȓȢȖ ǺȞȖșȦȤȡȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȈȩȑȨȚȞȧ Ȥ ȥ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

67

68

learning from ATHENS

01 ȉȤ 0DLVRQ 'RP LQR ȩȤȪ ȩȤȪ /H &RUEXVLHU ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȖȥȱȠȪȩȤ ȨȲȡȗȤȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȗȞȤȡȜȬȖȢȞȟȓȧ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȪȥȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȩȤȢ ȩȚȠȚȪȩȖȔȤ ȖȞȳȢȖ ǽ ȒȢȩȤȢȜ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȣȒȫȦȚȢȜ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȓ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȨȪȢȒȥȚȨȚ ȬȦȤȢȞȟȑ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȚȡȫȑȢȞȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȡȤȢȩȒȦȢȤȪ ȟȞȢȓȡȖȩȤȧ ȨȩȤȢ ȚȠȠȖșȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ǽ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȓ ѯȡȱșȖѰ ȚȥȜȦȚȑȨȩȜȟȚ ȱȥȮȧ ȓȩȖȢ ȖȢȖȡȚȢȱȡȚȢȤ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȱ ȟȖȞ ȖșȞȖȡȫȞȨȗȓȩȜȩȖ Ȥ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȚȢȢȤȜȝȚȔ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȤȠȠȤȲȧ ȖȥȤȘȱȢȤȪȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȤȦȡȥȞțȞȖȢȤȲ ȖȦȬȒȩȪȥȤȪ ǷȥȱȘȤȢȤȧ ȗȒȗȖȞȖ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȩȜȢ ȞșȚȤȠȤȘȞȟȓ ȫȱȦȩȞȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȘȚȢȤȩȲȥȤȪ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȤȪȩȤȥȔȖ ȟȖȝȳȧ Ȝ ȥȠȚȞȤȢȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȪȞȤȝȒȩȜȨȖȢ ȡȞȖ ȚȟȠȖȯȟȚȪȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȚȦȜȡȒȢȜ Ȗȥȱ ȤȥȤȞȖșȓȥȤȩȚ ȥȤȞȜȩȞȟȓ șȞȑȝȚȨȜ ȚȟșȤȬȓ ȩȤȪ

ȃ ǺȀǸǷȇǼȆ ȇȁ ǷīǼȁȋȁ

ȅ ȉȊȆȅȈ

ȉȖ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȤȪ ȩȲȥȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȖ Țȣȓȧ BǸȖȨȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ șȤȟȱȧ ȚȥȔ ȨȩȲȠȤȪ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȥȤȪ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȡȤȦȫȤȠȤȘȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȖȥȠȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȟȠȖȨȞȟȑ ȬȦȱȢȞȖ Bǽ ȩȤȥȤȝȒȩȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ șȤȡȞȟȤȲ ȨȪȨȩȓȡȖȩȤȧ ȥȚȦȞȡȚȩȦȞȟȑ ȖȥȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȳȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȟȑȩȤȭȜ șȔȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȢȒȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȒȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȨȩȤ ȟȩȔȦȞȤ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȱȨȮȢ ȖȫȤȦȑ ȩȜ șȞȑȩȖȣȜ ȩȮȢ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȳȢ ȬȳȦȮȢ Ȏȧ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ Ȝ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ Ȥ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȥȤȠȪȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȞȟȱȧ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȟȖȩȖȫȒȦȢȚȞ ȢȖ ȫȞȠȤȣȚȢȚȔ ȨȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȜȧ ȤȥȤȞȖșȓȥȤȩȚ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȞȢȜȧ ȚȘȟȖȩȑȨȩȖȨȜȧ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȡȤȨȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȨȚ ȤȥȤȞȖșȓȥȤȩȚ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȚȦȡȜȢȚȲȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȞȩȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȖȢȩȖȬȤȲ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖȧ ȩȜȧ Bǽ ȢȒȖ ȩȚȬȢȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȩȤȪ %HWRQ $UPH ȖȪȣȑȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ șȞȑȦȟȚȞȖ țȮȓȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȩȜ șȜ ȡȞȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȚȥȞȥȠȒȤȢ ȤȦȱȫȮȢ ȖȠȠȑțȤȢȩȖȧ ȦȞțȞȟȑ ȩȜ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȖȧ ȤȞȟȤȥȒșȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ǽ ȟȖȩȖȟȱȦȪȫȜ ȖȢȩȤȬȓ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȖȫȳȧ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȤȥȠȞȨȡȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȞ ȩȜ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȤȠȤȟȠȓȦȮȨȜȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȨȚ ȫȑȨȚȞȧ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȓ ȩȜȧ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢ ȒȬȚȞ ȤȠȤȟȠȜȦȮȝȚȔ ȡȤȢȑȬȖ ȒȢȖ ȡȒȦȤȧ ȩȜȧ ǺȔȢȚȩȖȞ Ȝ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȡȚȠȠȤȢȩȞȟȓȧ ȚȥȒȟȩȖȨȜȧ ȟȖȝѭ ȲȭȤȧ

ǰȩȨȞ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȠȔȘȚȧ ȤȞ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȥȤȪ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȢȖ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȞ ȱȦȤȫȤȞ ȚȢȳ ȑȠȠȤȞ șȚȢ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȢ ȥȠȜȦȮȝȚȔ ǽ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȡȚȠȠȤȢȩȞȟȓȧ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȜȧ ȚȥȞȥȠȒȤȢ ȤȦȱȫȮȢ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȡȞȖ ȟȤȪȠȩȤȲȦȖ ȩȮȢ ȖȢȖȡȤȢȳȢ ȒȢȖȢ ȢȒȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȠȤȘȞȟȓȧ ȤȞȟȤșȱȡȜȨȜȧ ȱȥȤȪ Ȥ ȩȚȠȚȪȩȖȔȤȧ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȦȤȨȡȒȢȚȞ ȟȖȦȩȚȦȞȟȑ ȟȑȥȤȞȖ ȡȚȠȠȤȢȩȞȟȓ ȢȤȡȤȝȚȩȞȟȓ ȖȠȠȖȘȓ ȥȚȦȔ ȩȤȪ ȲȭȤȪȧ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȓ ȩȜȢ ȥȞȝȖȢȓ ȖȲȣȜȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȡȚȠȳȢ ȩȜȧ ȤȞȟȤȘȒȢȚȞȖȧ ǮȠȠȮȨȩȚ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ ȗȖȨȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȜȢ ȤȞȟȤȘȒȢȚȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȱ ȝȚȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȤȔȟȖȧ Ȝ ȖȥȤȟȖȩȑȨȩȖȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȩȒȟȢȮȢ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȤȬȓ ȚȢȱȧ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȚȔ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ

ǷȢșȦȒȖȧ ǹȞȖȟȤȪȡȖȟȑȩȤȧ ȂȤȢȩȚȦȢȞȨȡȱȧ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȅȪȩȤȥȔȖ 0$'( ,1 $7+(16 ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

69

70

learning from ATHENS

01

ȃ ǺȀǸǷȇǼȆ ȇȁ ǷīǼȁȋȁ

ȅ ȨȪȢșȪȖȨȡȱȧ ȱȠȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȳȢ ȟȖȝȞȨȩȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȡȚ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȱ Ȗȥȱ ȤȥȠȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȨȟȪȦȱșȚȡȖ ȡȞȖ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȡȚ ȚȪȟȤȠȔȖ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜȧ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȓȝȜȟȚ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȤȲȧ ȥȤȪ șȚȢ ȚȔȬȖȢ mȚȥȔȨȜȡȜ} ȨȬȒȨȜ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ѪȱȥȮȧ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȤȞ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȒȧ ȓ ȖȥȠȤȔ ȞșȞȤȟȩȓȩȚȧ ȡȞȖ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȚ ȢȖ ȒȦȝȚȞ ȖȢȩȞȡȒȩȮȥȜ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ Ȫȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȓȦȚȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ

mǽ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȤȪ ȤȥȤȔȤȪ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȒȘȞȢȚ ȩȦȱȥȤȢ ȩȞȢȑ ȚȦȘȤȨȩȑȨȞȤ }

ȆȠȒȤȢ Ȯȧ ȨȲȡȗȤȠȤ ȥȦȱȩȪȥȤ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢ Ȝ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȚȥȜȦȚȑțȚȞ ȟȑȝȚ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȟȖȩȤȞ ȟȔȖȧ ȟȖȝȤȦȔțȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ țȮȓȧ ȩȮȢ ȃȚȤȚȠȠȓȢȮȢ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳ ȢȚȞ ȒȢȖ ȠȚȣȞȠȱȘȞȤ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȥȤȪ ȚȞȟȤȢȤȘȦȖȫȚȔ ȩȞȧ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȒȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȉȤ ȟȤȪȫȑȦȞ Ȗȥȱ ȡȥȚȩȤȢȒȢȞȤ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȱ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȘȢȳȦȞȡȜ ȚȝȞȡȞȟȓ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȩȤȪ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȤȲ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȲ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȫȪȨȞȟȤȲ ȩȤȥȔȤȪ ǻȢȩȱȧ ȩȤȪ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤȪ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢȩȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȗȞȳȨȞȡȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȪȒȠȞȟȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ Ȝ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȥȤșȚȔȣȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȪȝȚȢȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȜ șȞȑȦȟȚȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȩȚȠȚȪȩȖȔȤȪ ȖȞȳȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȱ ȩȞ ȥȞȤ mǷȝȜȢȖȯȟȱ} ȨȚ ȚȞȟȱȢȚȧ ȨȪȢȚȞȦȡȤȲȧ ȗȞȳȡȖȩȖǃ ȒȬȚȞ ȘȔȢȚȞ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȑȦȤșȤ ȩȤȪ ȬȦȱȢȤȪ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȖȢȱȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȒȢȖ ȪȠȞȟȱ ȔȬȢȤȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ ȥȤȞȤȞ ȚȔȡȖȨȩȚ ǹȞȖȩȔ Ȝ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȚȣȒȝȦȚȭȚ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȚȟșȤȬȒȧ ȩȜȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȟȤȡȭȒȧ ȞșȞȱȟȩȜȩȚȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȂȚȨȤȥȤȠȒȡȤȪ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȩȤȢ ȟȠȮȢȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȖȨȞȖȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȤȦȚȔȖ ȚȣȖȨȩȞȨȡȤȲ ȩȮȢ ǻȠȠȓȢȮȢ ȤȦȘȖȢȳȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȱȠȜ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȓ ȟȠȔȡȖȟȖ ȨȚ ȗȑȝȤȧ ȘȚȢȚȳȢǃ ȖȢȓȟȚȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȪȩȩȖȦȞȟȓ ȡȖȧ ȡȢȓȡȜ

ȂȱȬȝȤȧ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ Ȯȧ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ 0$'( ,1 $7+(16 ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ ȃȔȟȤȧ ǸȖȩȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ȚȫȜȡȚȦȔșȖ Ȝ ȀȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

71

72

learning from ATHENS

02 ǽ ȚȥȞȫȖȢȚȞȖȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȡȖȟȦȤȨȟȤȥȞȟȓ ȡȤȦȫȞȟȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȘȒȢȚȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȖȩȜȠȓ ǻȢȳ ȱȠȜ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȫȖȞȢȤȡȚȢȞȟȑ ȡȤȞȑțȚȞ ȔșȞȖ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȢȩȚȠȳȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȓ ȨȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȩȜȧ ȉȤ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȧ ȖȪȩȱ ȚȲȠȤȘȖ ȥȦȤȟȲȥȩȚȞ ȖȢ ȨȟȚȫȩȤȲȡȚ ȱȩȞ șȤȡȓȝȜȟȚ ȡȚ ȟȲȦȞȤ ȡȤȬȠȱ ȩȜȢ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȮȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȡȖțȞȟȓ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȡȚ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȖ ȖȩȤȡȞȟȑ ȨȪȡȫȒȦȤȢȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȟȑȨȩȤȩȚ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȤȪ ȓ ȞșȞȤȟȩȓȩȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȟȖȢȒȢȖ ȚȥȔ ȩȤ ȥȠȚȔȨȩȤȢ ȤȦȘȖȢȮȡȒȢȤ ȓ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȥȦȱȘȦȖȡȡȖ ǷȢ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȟȑȩȞ ȥȤȪ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȔțȚȞ ȒȢȩȤȢȖ ȩȜȢ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ șȚȢ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȑȩȞ ȑȠȠȤ ȥȒȦȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȔșȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȡȤȢȑșȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȖ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȥȤȪ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ Ȥ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȖȨȞȖȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ǽ mȡȥȚȩȤȢȤȲȥȤȠȜ} ȖȥȠȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȖȢ ȒȢȖ ȩȚȬȢȜȩȱ ȒșȖȫȤȧ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȩȤ ȖȩȩȞȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȤȩȞȟȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȤȡȤȞȱȡȤȦȫȮȢ ȡȤȢȑșȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȱȡȮȧ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑ țȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȚȢȞȖȔȖ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȡȞȖ ȫȖȞȢȤȡȚȢȞȟȓ Ȗ ȡȤȦȫȔȖ ǽ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȤȲȡȚȢȜ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȓ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȨȲȨȩȖȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȤȥȩȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ șȞȖȟȦȞȩȒȧ ȞșȞȖȞȩȚȦȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȨȩȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȩȜȢ ȥȤȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȡȒȘȚȝȤȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ

ǷȄȃ ȇȃ ȀǺȅȃȆ Ȇȇȃ ȃǿȃ

Ȇȅȁǽ ȀǷȉȅǿȀǿǻȈ ȆȖȦȑȘȮȘȤ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓȧ ȖȢȤȞȟȤșȱȡȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȩȦȱȥȤȪ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȓȬȝȜ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ Ȝ ȖȢȖȘȟȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȡȤȘȓ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȬȚȔȦȞȨȜ ȚȢȱȧ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȡȓȡȖȩȤȧ ȖȢȩȔ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȤȪ ȩȤȪ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȤȲ ȩȚȩȦȖȘȳȢȤȪ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȖ ȒȬȚȞ ȚȠȑȬȞȨȩȜ ȤȦȘȑȢȮȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȗȖȨȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȜ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȠȔȡȖȩȖ ȩȤȪ ȚȟȑȨȩȤȩȚ ȤȞȟȤȥȒșȤȪ ȩȜȧ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȡȞȟȦȤȡȚȨȖȔȤȪ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȓ ȀȑȝȚ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȤȧ ȓ ȞșȞȤȟȩȓȩȜȧ șȦȖ ȖȥȤȨȥȖȨȡȖȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȡȚȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȖ ȬȩȔțȤȢȩȖȧ ȤȪȨȞȖȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȜ ȫȖȢȩȖȨȔȮȨȓ ȩȤȪ ȥȦȤȨșȔșȤȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȤ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȱ ȩȚȩȦȑȘȮȢȤ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȨȪȢȒȬȚȞȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȔșȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȞȖ ȚȲȥȠȖȨȩȜ ȡȜ ȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȞșȞȱȟȩȜȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȆȤȠȠȖȥȠȖȨȞȑțȤȢȩȖȧ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȜ ȩȤ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȤ ȩȡȓȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȩȖȠȓȘȚȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȚȥȞȡȒȦȤȪȧ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȨȩȒȟȤȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȖȪȩȱ ȖȢȖȫȚȦȱȡȚȢȖ mȟȤȪȩȞȑ} ȨȩȤȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȔțȤȪȢ ȤȠȤȨȬȚȦȳȧ

mȉȤ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȱ ȩȚȩȦȑȘȮȢȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȣȖȞȦȚȩȞȟȑ ȚȲȥȠȖȨȩȤ Ȝ ȡȞȟȦȓ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȩȮȢ ȤȞȟȤȥȒșȮȢ ȩȤȪ ȥȦȤȨșȔșȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȢȚȬȓ ȦȚȪȨȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȣȚȬȖȨȡȒȢȤ ȢȚȤȟȠȖȨȞȟȱ ȡȚȨȤȥȤȠȚȡȞȟȱ %DXKDXV ȡȚȩȖȥȤȠȚȡȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȟȚȢȱ ȖȥȦȤȨșȞȱȦȞȨȩȜȧ ȬȦȓȨȜȧ ȖȥȤȝȓȟȜ ȡȖȘȖțȔ Țșȳ șȞȡȮȢ ȖȥȤȞȟȞȖȟȳȢ ȡȞȟȦȤȨȪȢȚȦȘȚȔȖ ȣȚȢȱ șȤȬȚȔȖ ȥȦȤȨȮȦȞȢȓȧ șȞȖȡȤȢȓȧ ȘȦȖȫȚȔȖ ȩȡ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȤȦȱȫȤȪȧ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȖѴ}

ǹȞȑȢȢȜȧ ǷȔȨȮȥȤȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ǽ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȂǻȉǷ32/,6 ȨȚȠ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ǺȞȚȠȚȲȨȚȞȧ ȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȡȚȩȑȥȤȠȜ 0(7$32/,6 35(66 ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

73

74

learning from ATHENS

02

ǷȄȃ ȇȃ ȀǺȅȃȆ Ȇȇȃ ȃǿȃ

ǷȢ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȞȟȒȧ ȖȦȬȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȤȪȢ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȚȧ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȥȖȦȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȱȨȮȢ ȖȫȤȦȑ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȥȖȦѭ ȱȠȤ ȥȤȪ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȥȦȤȨȒȘȘȞȨȜ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȚȔ ȡȞȖ ȡȤȢȱȩȤȢȜ Ȗ ȡȤȦȫȔȖ ǷȪȩȱ ȨȪȡȗȖȔȢȚȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ șȞȱȩȞ ȖȪȩȱȧ Ȥ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȩȜ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȥȠȓȦȮȨȜȧ ȡȚ ȥȤȞȟȞȠȔȖ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȮȢ ȅ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȤȧ ȩȚȬȢȔȩȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȤȧ ȢȖ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȖȩȤȡȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȜ ȗȤȲȠȜȨȓ ȩȤȪ ȓ ȩȮȢ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȩȳȢ ȗȖȨȞțȱȡȚȢȤȧ ȫȪȨȞȟȑ ȨȚ ȟȩȞȦȞȤȠȤȘȞȟȤȲȧ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȞȨȡȤȲȧ ȟȖȞ ȢȤȡȤȝȚȨȔȚȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȱȡȮȧ șȚȢ ȥȦȤȨșȔșȤȪȢ ȚȣȖȦȬȓȧ Ȗȥȱ ȡȱȢȚȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȞȖ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȅȞ ȥȞȤ ȒȢȩȤȢȚȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȥȦȤȟȖȠȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȨȚ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȱȭȜȧ ȟȖȝȳȧ Ȥ mșȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȱȧ} ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȒȬȚȞ ȨȩȖ ȬȒȦȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȚȔ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȩȤȪ ȥȦȤȨșȳȨȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȡȤȦȫȤȠȤȘȔȖ ǷȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȑȠȠȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȡȖȟȦȱȨȩȚȢȤȪȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȡȞȟȦȤȨȟȤȥȞȟȤȲȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȥȑȢȩȤȩȚ ȖȩȚȠȚȔȮȩȤȪȧ ȚȣȳȨȩȚȧ ȩȖ ȘȢȮȨȩȑ ȨȚ ȱȠȤȪȧ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ șȞȖȬȚȔȦȞȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ șȮȡȑȩȮȢ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȚȨȤȬȒȧ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ ȨȩȤ ȖȢȳȩȖȩȤ ȩȡȓȡȖ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ

ȂȆǷȁȀȅȃǿ ȉȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȚȔ Ȫȥȱ ȩȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȥȦȤȗȱȠȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȡȚ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȡȚȩȖȠȠȑȨȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȖȦȬȞȟȱ ȩȲȥȤ ȩȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȓȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ șȚȲȩȚȦȜ ȚȥȞȫȑȢȚȞȖ ȨȚ ȥȦȤȚȣȤȬȓ ȟȖȠȲȥȩȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȟȖȝȤȦȔțȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȱȭȜ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ǰȩȨȞ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȚȠȑȬȞȨȩȤ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞ Ȥ mșȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȱȧ} ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨșȳȨȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȚȢșȞȖȫȒȦȤȪȨȖ ȓ ȱȬȞ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȨȩȤ ȟȩȔȦȞȤ ȆȦȱȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȡȞȖ șȤȡȓ ȥȤȪ ȚȢșȚȔȟȢȪȩȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȬȳȦȖ ȡȖȧ ȠȱȘȮ ȩȤȪ ȟȠȔȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȝȚȮȦȜȝȚȔ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖȧ ȚȥȞȥȠȒȤȢ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȨȩȖ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȤȥȤȔȤȪ ȖȠȠȜȠȤȩȒȡȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȖȠȠȜȠȚȥȞșȦȤȲȢ Ȝ ȤȞȟȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȜȧ ȅȞ ȚȢȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȪȥȑȦȣȤȪȢ ȖȪȣȤȡȚȞȳȨȚȞȧ ȨȩȤ ȡȒȘȚȝȤȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȢȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȨȩȖ ȪȠȞȟȑ ȨȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȬȚȞȦȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȩȖ ȨȩȜȝȖȔȖ ȨȩȜ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȥȤȪ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȖȢȳȩȚȦȤ ȓ ȟȖȩȳȩȚȦȤ ȱȦȤȫȤ ȟȖ

ǺȎȂǷ ȉȤ ȤȥȠȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȡȥȚȩȱȢ ȟȖȩȒȨȩȜȨȚ șȪȢȖȩȓ ȡȞȖ șȤȡȞȟȑ ȤȡȤȞȤȘȚȢȓ ȨȩȒȘȜ ȀȖȩȑ ȩȤȢ /H &RUEXVLHU mǽ ȚȥȔȥȚșȜ ȨȩȒȘȜ ȖȥȖȞȩȚȔ ȟȖȩȖȦȬȑȧ ȨȪȨȩȜȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȘȞȖ ȤȞȟȞȖȟȤȲȧ ȨȟȤȥȤȲȧ ȗȚȦȑȢȩȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȩȖȦȑȩȨȖ ȟȓȥȤ ȨȩȜȢ ȩȖȦȑȩȨȖ} ȋȪȨȞȟȑ ȡȞȖ ȩȒȩȤȞȖ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȳȥȞȨȜ șȚȢ ȪȫȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȖȦȖȡȚȠȜȡȒȢȮȢ șȮȡȑȩȮȢ ǽ ȖȥȤȪȨȔȖ șȞȖȩȑȣȚȮȢ ȩȤȪ ǹȅȀ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖ ȨȖȫȒȧ ȩȚȠȚȔȮȡȖ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȩȤȪȠȑȬȞȨȩȤȢ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȥȦȞȢ ȩȤ ȟȖȩȒȨȩȜȨȚ ȩȖ șȳȡȖȩȖ ȪȥȤșȤȬȚȔȧ ȖȥȤȝȓȟȚȧ ȩȜȠȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȖȟȳȢ ȚȣȖȦȩȜȡȑȩȮȢ ȤȞȟȞȖȟȳȢ ȨȪȨȟȚȪȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȨȩȜȡȑȩȮȢ ȟȚȦȖȞȳȢ ȩȜȠȚȱȦȖȨȜȧ ȟȖ ǺȚȪȩȚȦȚȲȤȪȨȚȧ ȟȩȞȦȞȖȟȒȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȱȥȮȧ ȖȥȤȠȓȣȚȞȧ ȟȠȞȡȖȟȤȨȩȖȨȔȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȠȚȗȜȩȤȨȩȑȨȞȖ ȩȖ ȟȖȩȖȟȠȲțȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȒȩȨȞ ȖȥȤȨȥȑȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȟȩȔȦȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȩѭ ȚȥȒȟȩȖȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ Ȝ ȫȪȨȞȟȓ ȖȥȱȠȜȣȓ ȩȤȪ ǰȩȨȞ ȩȖ șȳȡȖȩȖ ȖȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȞȟȖȢȑ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨșȳȨȤȪȢ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ ȡȤȦȫȓȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȞȖ ȚȢȞȖȔȖ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȱȥȮȧ ȨȚ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȚȪȦȮȥȖȯȟȒȧ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȚȞ ȒȢȖȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȨȩȤ ȥȚȦȞȝȳȦȞȤ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȤ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȱ ȡȞȖ ȪȥȚȦȪȭȮȡȒȢȜ ȖȥȤȝȓȟȜ

/H &RUEXVLHU ǹȞȖ ȡȞȖ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȡȚȩ ȆȖȢȖȘȞȳȩȜȧ ȉȤȪȦȢȞȟȞȳȩȜȧ ǻȀȀȇǻȂǻȈ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

75

76

learning from ATHENS

02 ȁȔȘȤ ȬȖȡȜȠȱȩȚȦȖ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȥ ȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȤȧ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȨȚ ȚȨȤȬȓ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȱȨȤȭȜ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȪȥȖȟȤȲȤȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȤȢ ȟȖȢȤȢȞȨȡȱ ȩȤȪ ǹȅȀ ȥȤȪ ȨȩȱȬȤ ȒȬȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȗȚȠȩȔȮȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȨȪȢȝȜȟȳȢ ȨȩȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȩȤȪ șȦȱȡȤȪ ȉȖ ȦȚȩȞȦȒ ȣȚȬȮȦȔțȤȪȢ Ȗȥȱ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȗȦȔȨȟȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȟȖȩȳȩȚȦȚȧ mȩȪȥȞȟȒȧ} ȨȩȑȝȡȚȧ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȩȞȧ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȚȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȖȢȖȥȖȦȑȘȤȪȢ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȥȦȤȖȨȩȞȖȟȓȧ țȮȓȧ ȡȚ ȟȓȥȤȪȧ ȥȞȨȔȢȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȪȥȖȔȝȦȞȚȧ ȭȜȨȩȖȦȞȒȧ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȪȨȡȒȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȝȤȦȲȗȤȪȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȢȤȬȠȜȩȞȟȤȲ ȤșȤȨȩȦȳȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȖșȞȑȟȦȞȩȖ ȗȠȒȡȡȖȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȖȘȢȳȨȩȮȢ ȉȤ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȤ ȖȪȩȱ ȖȥȤșȤȡȚȔ ȨȩȖșȞȖȟȑ ȩȖ ȟȩȔȦȞȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȟȖȞ șȔȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȡȞȖȧ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȒȢȜȧ ȟȤȦȪȫȤȘȦȖȡȡȓȧ ȈȥȑȢȞȖ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȩȖȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȖ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȜ șȞȖȬȚȔȦȞȨȓ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȤȞ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȤȞ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȒȧ ȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȤȲȢ ȥȞȨȩȑ ȟȖȞ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȜ ȖȢȖțȓȩȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȖȠȤȘȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȢȤȢȞȨȡȤȲ

ǷȄȃ ȇȃ ȀǺȅȃȆ Ȇȇȃ ȃǿȃ

ȇǻȉǿȇǻ

ȅ ȟȖȩȖȟȱȦȪȫȤȧ șȞȖȬȮȦȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȡȫȖȢȓȧ ǺȞȖȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȩȱȨȤ ȨȩȤȢ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȱ ȩȤȪ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȤȲ ȩȚȩȦȖȘȳȢȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓ ȡȚȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȟȤȪȩȞȳȢ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȒȧ ȡȤȦȫȒȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȤȲȢȩȖȞ Ȝ ȡȞȖ șȔȥȠȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȑȠȠȜ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǷȪȩȒȧ ȤȞ ȚȥȑȠȠȜȠȚȧ ȨȚȞȦȒȧ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȳȢ ȡȤȢȑșȮȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȔțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȖȝȜȢȖȯȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȘȚȢȞȟȱȩȚȦȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ Ȯȧ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ǰȩȨȞ Ȝ ȣȒȫȦȚȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȑȩȞȨȩȜ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȓ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȒȨȡȖȩȖ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȚȥȒȫȚȦȚ ȖȥȒșȮȨȚ ȨȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȡȞȖ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȓ ȚȢȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȒȢȖ ȚȔșȤȧ ȒȢȩȖȣȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȑȡȖ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȩȖȣȜȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȞȟȱ ȘȔȘȢȚȨȝȖȞ

ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

77

78

learning from ATHENS

02 Ȋȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȑȠȠȜ ȱȡȮȧ ȤȥȩȞȟȓ Ȝ ȟȖȩȑȩȡȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȲ ȞȨȩȤȲ ȨȚ ȡȤȢȑșȚȧ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȫȖȢȚȦȓ ȡȱȢȤ ȨȩȤ ȟȖȩȖȟȱȦȪȫȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤ ȡȚ ȟȲȦȞȤ ȖȔȩȞȤ ȩȞȧ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȞȖȟȒȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȉȤ ȝȚȨȥȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȱ șȔȟȖȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȚȣȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȚȔ ȢȖ ȞȨȬȲȚȞ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ Ȥ ȢȱȡȤȧ mȥȚȦȔ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖȧ ȟȖȩѭ ȤȦȱȫȤȪȧ} ȅ ȝȚȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȖȧ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖȧ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȩȤ ȡȤȔȦȖȨȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȨȚ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȤȲȧ ȞșȞȤȟȩȓȩȚȧ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȤȥȤȔȤȪȧ ȨȪȢȓȝȮȧ ȖȢȖȠȤȘȚȔ ȒȢȖ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȓ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȡȤȢȑȬȖ ȒȢȖ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȅ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤȧ ȖȪȩȱȧ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȱȧ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȜ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȤȞ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȓ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȒȢȖȧ șȞȟȱȧ ȩȤȪ ȩȱȥȤȧ ǰȢȖ ȖȢȪȭȮȡȒȢȤ ȒșȖȫȤȧ ȡȞȖ ȢȒȖ ȤȞȟȤȥȚșȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȟȖȝѭ ȲȭȤȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȓșȜ ȚșȦȖȞȮȝȚȔ

ǷȄȃ ȇȃ ȀǺȅȃȆ Ȇȇȃ ȃǿȃ

ȆȅȁȊ ȀǷȉȅǿȀǿǻȈ

ǽ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȩȔȠȜȭȜ ȩȮȢ ȚȢȤȔȟȮȢ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȖȨȞȖȨȩȓ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓȧ ȡȤȢȤȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ǽ ȟȤȪȠȩȤȲȦȖ ȩȤȪ ȬȮȦȞȤȲ ȩȜȧ ȪȥȖȔȝȦȞȖȧ ȤȞȟȚȔȖȧ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȓ ȖȪȠȓ Ȯȧ ȩȤȢ ȥȞȤ ȥȤȠȪȨȲȬȢȖȨȩȤ ȟȖȞ ȨȜȡȖȢȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȤȪ ȢȤȞȟȤȟȪȦȞȤȲ ȨȪȡȥȞȒțȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȚȘȟȠȮȗȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȩȪȥȞȟȱ ȤȦȤȫȤșȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȱȥȤȪ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȩȤȢ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȖȪȠȓȧ ȖȥȤȟȩȑ ȩȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȈȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȲȥȖȞȝȦȤ ȱȥȮȧ Ȝ ȚȥȚȟȩȖȨȞȡȱȩȜȩȖ Ȥ ȖȪȩȤȨȬȚ șȞȖȨȡȱȧ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȚȥȞȢȤȜȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȣȖȫȢȞȟȑ ȚȞȨȒȦȬȤȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ șȞȖȡȱȦȫȮȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȤȲ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȩȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȓȧ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȅȞ ȚȥȚȡȗȑȨȚȞȧ ȚȟșȜȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȖȗȔȖȨȩȖ ȱȥȤȪ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȥȦȱȨȫȤȦȤ ȒșȖȫȤȧ ȅ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ ȢȞȳȝȚȞ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȤȧ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȝȒȨȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȨȚȞȦȑ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȨȩȤȢ ȚȥȞȡȒȦȤȪȧ ȟȤȦȡȱ ȩȤȪ ȨȥȞȩȞȤȲ ȩȤȪ ȥȠȑȝȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ Ȥ ȔșȞȤȧ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤșȔșȚȞ ȩȤ ȟȩȔȦȞȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȤ ȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǰȩȨȞ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȖ ȟȖȩȑȩȡȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȳȥȞȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȱȭȜȧ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȖȢȑ ȱȦȤȫȤ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȑ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȨȩȤȢ ȔșȞȤ ȱȦȤȫȤ Ƿȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȥȤȪ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȚȔȩȖȞ Ȥ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȡȥȖȠȟȤȢȞȤȲ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ șȞȖȟȦȔȢȤȪȡȚ ȩȖ ȱȦȞȖ ȟȑȝȚ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ ȈȪȢȚȥȳȧ ȤȞ ȒȢȩȤȢȚȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȘȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȤ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜȧ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȓ ȡȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȀȑȝȚ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȟȑȝȚ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȟȑȝȚ ȣȚȬȮȦȞȨȩȱ ȢȤȞȟȤȟȪȦȞȱ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȢȒȖ ȖȫȓȘȜȨȜ ȨȚ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȂȚ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȖ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȱȩȞ Ȥ ȟȖȩȖȟȱȦȪȫȤȧ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȖȥȖȦȑȘȚȩȖȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȳȢ ȨȬȒȨȚȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȝȜȟȳȢ ȚȢȳ ȖȢȩȔȝȚ ȩȖ Ȥ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤȧ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȔșȞȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȜȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȨȬȒȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȩȤ ȟȩȔȦȞȤ dzȠȚȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȤȞ ȒȢȩȤȢȚȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞȧ ȨȚ ȟȑȝȚȩȤ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȨȚ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ mȫȩȞȖȘȡȒȢȜ} Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȠȠȑ ȚȥȞȡȒȦȤȪȧ ȡȞȟȦȱȩȚȦȖ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞȖ ǷȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȥȖțȠ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȢȤȞȟȤȟȪȦȞȑ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȚȥȖȢȖȠȓȭȚȞȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȖ ȡȑȩȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȜȩȓ ȨȖȢ ȒȢȖ ȑȢȖȦȬȤ ȥȚȦȔȥȠȤȟȤ ȝȒȖȡȖ ȥȤȪ ȱȡȮȧ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȚȞ ȚȢȞȖȔȤ ǰȢȖ ȚȢȞȖȔȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȗȖȨȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȨȩȜȢ ȞșȞȖȞȩȚȦȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȑȝȚ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȤȠȪȫȮȢȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȢȱȠȤȪ

ǻȫȜȡȚȦȔȧ ȩȜȧ ȀȪȗȚȦȢȓȨȚȮȧ ȋǻȀ ȩȚȲȬȤȧ ǷǬ mǽ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȟȖȩѭ ȤȦȱȫȤȪȧ ȓ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤȧ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȓ ȤȦȤȫȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȪȥȤșȜȠȳȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȤȬȓ ȡȞȖȧ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȓȧ Ȗȥȱ șȞȑȫȤȦȖ ȫȪȨȞȟȑ ȥȦȱȨȮȥȖ ȟȑȝȚ ȒȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȒȬȚȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȥȱȠȪȩȜ ȟȪȦȞȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȤȪ ȒȢȖȢ ȡȱȢȤȢ ȱȦȤȫȤ ȩȤȪ ȟȩȞȦȔȤȪ ȖȪȩȤȲ ȓ ȒȢȖ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȖȥȠȳȧ ȩȤȪ ȤȦȱȫȤȪ} Ȇ ǿ ǼȒȥȤȧ ǿșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȟȖȩѭ ȤȦȱȫȤȪȧ ȋȚȣȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȊȞȱȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǷȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȤ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢ $EVROXWH UHDOLVP ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

79

80

learning from ATHENS

03

ȄȃȅȇȅǷǽȇǷ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

ǽ ȡȤȢȖșȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȳȢ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȦȔȖ ȖȣȞȤȥȚȦȔȚȦȘȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȫȖȩȞȟȑ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȥȦȳȩȤȢ Ȝ ȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȟȩȞȦȞȖȟȓȧ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖȧ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȝȤȦȔțȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȳȢ ǺȚȲȩȚȦȤȢ ȖȪȩȓ Ȝ ȟȩȞȦȞȖȟȓ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȥȤșȚȔȣȚȞ ȩȜ șȪ ȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȢȖ șȞȚȪȝȚȩȚȔ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȒȧ ȬȦȓȨȚȞȧ ȚȢȩȱȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȔȖȧ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ ȩȤȪ ȔșȞȤȪ ȟȩȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȦȔȩȤȢ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȪȨȩȜȦȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȚȪȒȠȞȟȩȜ ȖȫȤȲ șȔȢȚȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȚȧ șȞȚȣȱșȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȚȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȒȡȗȖȨȜȧ ȨȪȢȪȫȖȨȡȒȢȜȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȀȖȩѭ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȤȦȘȖȢȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȤȢȤȨȓȡȖȢȩȖ ȚȣȞȨȳȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȟȑȝȚ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȟȓ șȤȡȓ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȤȠȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȥȦȤ ȯȱȢ ǺȚȢ șȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȖ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȜ ȨȜȡȖȨȔȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȤȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓ ȚȢȱȧ ȖȫȖȞȦȚȩȞȟȤȲ ȬȮȦȞȟȤȲ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢȩȤȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȑȠȪȭȜ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȩȜȧ ȗȖȨȞȟȓȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȜȧ ȘȞȖ ȨȩȒȘȖȨȜ ȉȤ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȖȪȩȱ ȟȒȠȪȫȤȧ ȨȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȡȱțȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȖȘȟȖȨȩȞȟȑ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ țȮȓ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȚȥȞșȒȬȚȩȖȞ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȖ ȥȚȦȞȝȳȦȞȖ ȘȞȖ ȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȡȤȘȒȧ ȡȚ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȬȦȓȨȩȜ ǰȩȨȞ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȥȖȦȑȠȠȜȠȜ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȡȞȖȧ ȑȠȠȤȪ ȚȔșȤȪȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȦȞȢȓȧ ȓ ȥȚȦȞȨȩȖȨȞȖȟȓȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȩȖȞ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȖ ȖȢȚȣȑȦȩȜȩȖ Ȗȥȱ ȟȦȖȩȞȟȱ ȒȠȚȘȬȤ ǷȟȱȡȖ ȥȞȤ șȲȨȟȤȠȜ ȨȩȤȢ ȚȢȩȤȥȞȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȡȞȖ ȩȒȩȤȞȖ ȚȥȒȡȗȖȨȜ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȡȜȢ ȚȔȬȚ ȥȤȩȒ ȖȢȖȘȢȮȦȞȨȩȚȔ Ȯȧ mȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ} ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȥȞȤ ȥȠȖȩȲ ȤȦȞȨȡȱѪ ȱȡȮȧ ȚȢȒȬȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȖȦȖȔȩȜȩȜ ȬȮȦȞȟȓ șȞȑȨȩȖȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ȆȦȤȫȖȢȳȧ ȖȥȠȤȲȨȩȚȦȜ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȠȠȜȭȓ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȞȤ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȜ ȔȨȮȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȪȬȖȔȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȚȣȔȨȤȪ ȚȪȝȲȗȤȠȜ ȟȞȢȚȔȩȖȞ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȚ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓ ȟȖȞ șȦȑȨȜ ȡȚ ȥȦȤȩȔȡȜȨȜ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȚȪȩȖȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȩȒȬȚȞ ȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȦȱȠȤ ȨȩȜ șȞȖȡȱȦȫȮȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȚȞȟȱȢȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ

ǷȊǾȅȇȂǽȉǻȈ ǻȀȋȇǷȈǻǿȈ ȆȖȦȖȩȜȦȳȢȩȖȧ ȩȤ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȤ ȖȝȜȢȖȯȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȲȨȟȤȠȤ ȢȖ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȨȤȪȡȚ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȢȤȠȞ ȟȓ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȝȳȧ șȚȬȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȟȖȩȖȞȘȞȨȡȱ Ȗȥȱ șȚȟȑșȚȧ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤ ȟȩȤȲȢ ȬȮȦȞȟȓ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȢȖ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȥȦȤȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȚȔ ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȒȨȡȖȩȖ ȢȖ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȖȘȟȞȨȩȦȮȡȒȢȚȧ ȨȩȤ ȨȳȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȋȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȑȠȠȤȢ ȱȩȞ Ȥ ȬȦȓȨȩȜȧ ȖȨȫȪȟȩȞȑ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȤ ȥȦȤȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȤ șȞȖȗȔȮȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȥȩȱ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȚȟȩȚȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ǷȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȖȢȩȖȥȤȟȦȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȒȧ ȖȥȖȞȩȓȨȚȞȧ șȞȖȗȔȮȨȜȧ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȱȨȤȢ ȖȫȤȦȑ ȨȩȞȧ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȞȟȚȪ ȡȒȢȚȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ǹȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȠȱȘȤ ȖȪȩȱ ȤȞ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȒȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȩȮȢ ȬȦȜȨȩȳȢ ȖșȪȢȖȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȢȖ ȚȟȥȠȜȦȮȝȤȲȢ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȖȨȫȪȟȩȞȳȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȖ ȱȦȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȟȖȝȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȟȚȠȲȫȤȪȧ ȡȚȩȤȪȨȞȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȚȧ ȚȥȚȡȗȑȨȚȞȧ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ǻȣȖ ȥȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȩȮȢ ȞȳȢ ȥȤȪ șȞȚȞȨșȲȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȤȢȩȖȞ ȤȦȡȜȩȞȟȑ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȤȦ ȘȖȢȞȨȡȤȲȧ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȗȦȔȨȟȤȢȩȖȧ șȞȒȣȤșȤ ȨȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȒȦȬȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȚȟșȜȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȗȔȖȞȖ ȨȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ dzȥȮȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȪȗȞȨȩȞȟȓ țȮȘȦȖȫȞȟȓ ȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȘȞȤȘȦȖȫȔȖ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ șȞȑȟȦȞȨȜ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȤ ȫȱȢȩȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȨȬȓȡȖ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȤ șȞȑȟȤȨȡȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȀȑȠȡȥȖȦȜ ȌȦȞȨȩȔȢȖ ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȃȩȑȫȠȤȧ ȚȥȞȡȒȠȚȞȖ ǽ ȡȚȩȑȗȖȨȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ )XWXUD ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ǻȫȓȡȚȦȜ ȟȖȞ ǷȞȳȢȞȖ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȆȤȠȞȩȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȔșȦȪȡȖ ȤȡȔȠȤȪ ȆȚȞȦȖȞȳȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ 5LFKDUG 6FRIILHU ȉȖ șȞșȑȘȡȖȩȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ $EVROXWH UHDOLVP ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ 5LFKDUG 6FRIILHU Ȥȥ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

81

82

learning from ATHENS

03

ȄȃȅȇȅǷǽȇǷ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

ǷȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȚȧ ȚȟȫȦȑȨȚȞȧ ȉȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȮȢ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȖȪȩȤȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȩȖȥȤȟȦȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȟȖȩȑ ȩȱȥȤ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȆȦȱȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȚȟșȜȠȳȨȚȞȧ ȖȢȖȘȟȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȣȞȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤșȔșȤȢȩȖȞ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȦȤȜȘȤȲȡȚȢȚȧ ȨȟȒȭȚȞȧ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ ȤȦȘȑȢȮȨȜ ǷȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȤȞȟȞȖȟȓȧ ȬȦȓȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȟȑȢȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȡȫȑȢȞȨȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȫȤȦȒȧ șȞ ȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȤȪȢ ȨȖȢ ȢȖ ȓȩȖȢ șȤȡȞȟȑ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȩȞȧ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȚȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȑ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ǰȢȖȧ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȤȧ ȩȚȬȢȤȠȤȘȞȟȱȧ ȚȣȤȥȠȞȨȡȱȧ ȖȘȟȞȨȩȦȮȡȒȢȤȧ ȨȩȖ ȟȩȔȦȞȖ ȱȥȮȧ ȟȠȞȡȖȩȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȠȳșȞȖ ȟȚȦȖȔȚȧ ȥȞȑȩȖ ȩȜȠȚȱȦȖȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ șȞȟȩȲȤȪ ȟȤȨȡȤȲȢ ȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȱȠȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȥȤ ȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ǽ ȖȥȖȢȩȖȬȤȲ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖșȞȖȡȫȞȨȗȓȩȜȩȜ ȅȞ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȚȣȖ ȨȫȖȠȔțȤȪȢ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ȩȞȧ ȗȒȠȩȞȨȩȚȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ șȞȖȗȔȮȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȪȥȤȟȖȝȞȨȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȒȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȖȩȱȡȤȪ ǰȩȨȞ ȗȖȝȡȞȖȔȖ ȒȨȩȚȞȠȖȢ ȒȢȖȢ ȠȖȱ ȥȤȪ ȚȔȬȚ ȡȑȝȚȞ Ȥ ȗȔȤȧ ȩȤȪ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȪȥȖȔȝȦȞȤȧ ȢȖ ȟȠȚȞȨȩȚȔ ȨȩȤ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ Ȏȧ ȡȤȢȖșȞȟȱ ȖȢȩȔȗȖȦȤ ȩȤȪ ȚȘȟȠȚȞȨȡȤȲ ȖȪȩȤȲ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȖȢȖȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȡȚȨȤȠȖ ȗȜȩȓ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȟȠȚȞȨȩȤȲ ȖȢȤȞȬȩȤȲ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȤȲ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪ ȆȦȱȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖȢ ȚȥȞȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȤ ȚȣȮȩȚ ȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȤȞȟȚȞȤȥȤȞȜȝȚȔ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȉȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȘȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȪȥȤșȤȬȚȔȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȞȳȢ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȞȡȒȢȮȢ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȤȩȓȩȮȢ ȞȟȖȢȳȢ ȢȖ ȟȖȠȲȭȤȪȢ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȑȠȠȮȢ ȩȞȧ ȑȘȢȮȨȩȚȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȖȥȦȤȨșȞȱȦȞȨȩȤȪ ȖȦȞȝȡȤȲ ȚȢȖȠȠȖȨȨȱȡȚȢȮȢ ȬȦȜȨȩȳȢ ȂȥȤȦȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ șȞȖȟȦȔȢȤȪȡȚ șȲȤ ȚȔșȜ ȡȥȖȠȟȤȢȞȳȢ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȩȮȢ ȚȣȮȨȩȦȚȫȳȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞ ȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȩȮȢ ȚȨȮȨȩȦȚȫȳȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȅ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȡȱȧ ȖȪȩȱȧ ȖȥȤȦ ȦȒȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȤȞ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȤȞȟȚȞȤȥȤȞȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȡȤȢȖșȞȟȱ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤ ȈȩȜȢ ȥȦȳȩȜ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ ȨȪȢȖȢȩȑȡȚ ȥȖȦȖșȚȔȘȡȖȩȖ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ șȞȖȩȜȦȳȢȩȖȧ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȟȓ ȞșȞȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȤȪȧ ȝȚȮȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȓ ȚȟȩȱȢȮȨȜ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȨȖȢ ȡȞȖ ȪȥȚȦȪȭȮȡȒȢȜ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȓ ȖȪȠȓ ȡȚ ȱȠȚȧ ȩȞȧ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȚ ȢȖ ȫȞȠȤȣȚȢȓȨȚȞ Ȉѭ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȞȤ mȥȦȤȨȚȘȡȒȢȖ} ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȟȖ ȝȱȩȞ ȝȚȮȦȚȔȩȖȞ țȮȩȞȟȱȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȈȩȜ șȚȲȩȚȦȜ ȟȖȩȜȘȤȦȔȖ ȟȖȩȖȩȑȨȨȤȢȩȖȞ ȱȨȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȝȚȮȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȥȦȤȒȟȩȖȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȤȲ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȤȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖȧ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȖȥȤȝȜȟȚȪȩȞȟȱȧ ȅȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȖȪȩȳȢ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞ ȨȡȑȩȮȢ șȚȢ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȤȲȢ ȟȖȝȱȠȤȪ ȩȤȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȥȞȝȖȢȱȩȖȩȖ șȚȢ ȩȤȪȧ șȞȖȫȒȦȚȞ ȟȖȝȱȠȤȪ Ȝ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȖȪȩȑ șȔȢȤȪȢ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȩȤ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ Ȉѭ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȜȘȤȦȔȖ ȖȢȓȟȤȪȢ ȩȖ ȥȞȤ ȥȖȦȖȡȚȠȜȡȒȢȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȖȢ ȘȞȢȱȩȖȢ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȖȨȩȖȝȤȲȢ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖȢ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȨȔȘȤȪȦȖ ȝȖ ȗȱȠȚȪȚ ȟȖȠȲȩȚȦȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȢȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȆȒȦȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ șȲȤ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȟȖȩȜȘȤȦȔȚȧ ȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȠȚȘȱȡȚȢȖ ȗȤȜȝȜȩȞȟȑ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȢ ȚȔȩȚ ȨȚ ȖȟȑȠȪȥȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȚȲȤȪȢ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ ȑȥȠȮȡȖ ȩȮȢ ȦȤȲȬȮȢ ȓ ȖȢ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȨȚ ȖȟȑȠȪȥȩȤ ȩȱȩȚ ȩȤ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȗȤȜȝȜȩȞȟȱ ȈȩȱȦȞȖ ȢȩȤȪȠȑȥȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȝȜȟȚȪȩȞȟȤȔ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȩȦȖȥȒțȞȖ ȓ ȟȦȚȗȑȩȞȖ ȥȖȦȑȘȟȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȣȲȠȤ ȓ ȩȤȲȗȠȤ ȥȤȪ ȚȢȔȤȩȚ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȖȒȦȖ ȭȜȨȩȖȦȞȒȧ ȡȥȑȦȡȥȚȟȞȤȪ ȠȤȪȠȤȲșȞȖ ȫȪȩȑ țȖȦȢȩȞȢȞȒȦȚȧ ȥȖȞȬȢȔșȞȖ ȱȦȘȖȢȖ ȑȝȠȜȨȜȧ ȡȚȩȖȠȠȞȟȒȧ ȨȟȑȠȚȧ ȚȣȤȬȞȟȒȧ ȟȖȦȒȟȠȚȧ ȥȠȪȢȩȓȦȞȖ ȖȥȠȳȨȩȦȚȧ ȦȤȲȬȮȢ ȗȖȦȒȠȞȖ ȥȚȩȦȚȠȖȔȤȪ ȫȮȩȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȑ ȑȠȠȖ ȗȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȚȡȫȖ ȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȩȒȩȤȞȤ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȨȟȞȑțȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȑ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȚȞȦȑ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȞȧ ȖȦȬȞȟȒȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ǰȩȨȞ Ȝ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ѬѭȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜȧѭѭ ȨȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȚȥȞȗȑȠȠȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȑȠȠȜ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȱȨȤȭȜ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȥȠȒȤȢ șȚȢ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȱȨȤ ȒȢȖ ȟȑȝȚȩȤ ȱȦȞȤ ȱȨȤ ȒȢȖ ȖȢȪȭȮȡȒȢȤ ȒșȖȫȤȧ Ȗȥȱ ȱȥȤȪ ȣȚȥȦȤȗȑȠȠȤȪȢ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȚȫȓȡȚȦȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȮȨȑȢ ȫȪȨȞȟȒȧ ȥȦȤȚȟȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȤȲ

ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

83

84

learning from ATHENS

03

ȄȃȅȇȅǷǽȇǷ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

mȅ ȑȢȝȦȮȥȤȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȢȖ ȚȟȫȦȑȨȚȞ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȩȤȪ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȤȪ ȩȜȢ ȖȠȠȜȠȚȘȘȲȜ ȩȤȪ ȩȤ ȨȚȗȖȨȡȱ ȩȤȪ ȓ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȖȦȚȩȒȧ ȥȤȪ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȫȲȨȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȚȞȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȡȜȢ ȖȩȤȢȓȨȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȬȖȝȤȲȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȑ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȡȜ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȚ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȖȢȤȦȘȑȢȮȩȤȪȧ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȤȪȧ ȖȘȬȳșȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȬȝȦȞȟȤȲȧ ȖȥȒȢȖȢȩȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȔșȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȪȥȱȨȩȖȨȓ ȩȤȪȧ } ȅȞ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȚȧ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȚȟȫȦȑȨȚȞȧ ȨȜȡȖȩȤșȤȩȤȲȢ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȡȥȚȦȞȒȬȤȪȢ ȟȦȪȡȡȒȢȚȧ ȖȢȑ ȘȟȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȒȧ ȖȣȔȚȧ ǸȠȒȥȤȪȡȚ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȤȪȢ ȨȞȮȥȜȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ Ȯȧ ȚȥȞȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȤȞ ȖȥȤȝȜȟȚȪȩȞȟȤȔ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȤȥȤȔȤȪȧ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȣȚȬȖȨȡȒȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȑȬȦȜȨȩȖ ȥȞȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȡȑȠȠȤȢ ȤȞ ȒȢȤȞȟȤȞ șȚȢ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȱȨȜ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȩȮȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤ ȓ ȖȥȠȑ Ȝ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖȢ ȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȤ ȖȥȤȝȜȟȚȪȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ Ƿȥȱ ȩȤ ȚȔșȤȧ ȩȮȢ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȞȡȒȢȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȫȞȠȤȣȚȢȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȢȖ ȡȖȢȩȒȭȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȜȠȞȟȔȖ ȩȜȢ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȓ ȟȖȩȑȨȩȖȨȜ ȓ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȖȘȮȘȓ ȩȮȢ ȚȢȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȤ ȖȢ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȤȞȟȤȘȒȢȚȞȖ ȓ ȖȢ țȤȪȢ ȡȤȢȖȬȞȟȑ ȈȚ ȟȑȥȤȞȚȧ ȥȚȦȞȥȩȳȨȚȞȧ Ȥ ȬȦȓȨȩȜȧ ȝȪȡȑȩȖȞ ȩȤ ȬȮȦȞȱ ȩȤȪ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȖȥȚȦȞȱȦȞȨȩȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȔȢȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȤȩȓȩȮȢ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȡȚ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȘȚȔȩȤȢȚȧ ȩȤ ȖȩȱȫȞȤ ȫȪȨȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȢȚȦȑ ȩȖ ȠȤȪȠȤȲșȞȖ ȩȤ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȤ ȩȖ țȮȢȩȖȢȑ ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȢȖ ȢȤȨȩȖȠȘȚȔ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȪȥȤȫȒȦȚȞ ȆȦȤȨȥȖȝȚȔ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȡȚȩȖȫȒȦȚȞ ȱȨȤ ȩȤȪ ȚȥȞȩȦȒ ȥȚȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȩȒȨȨȚȦȚȞȧ ȡȥȚȩȤȢȒȢȞȤȪȧ ȩȤȔȬȤȪȧ ȩȮȢ șȮȡȖȩȔȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȡȞȟȦȓ ȨȪȢȓȝȮȧ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȖ ȥȦȤȚȣȤȬȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȤ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞ ȡȚ șȞȑȫȤȦȖ ȡȒȨȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȦȱȥȤȪȧ ǾȒȠȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȟȓȥȤ ȩȤȪ ȬȮȦȞȤȲ ȨȩȤ ȨȥȔȩȞ ȩȤȪ ȟȞ ȒȩȨȞ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȚȔ țȖȦȢȩȞȢȞȒȦȚȧ ȡȚ țȖȦțȖȗȖȩȞȟȑ ȫȪȩȑ ȠȤȪȠȤȲșȞȖ ȝȒ ȠȚȞ ȩȤ ȖȥȤȘȚȪȡȖȩȞȢȱ ȥȖȞȬȢȔșȞ ȩȮȢ ȡȞȟȦȳȢ ȥȖȞșȞȳȢ ȩȤȪ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȩȞȧ ȥȦȑȨȞȢȚȧ ȪȥȚȦȪȭȮȡȒȢȚȧ ȖȪȠȒȧ ǷȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȔțȚȞ ȟȑȩȞ ȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȪȩȱ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜ Ȯȧ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȳȨȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȅȞ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȚȧ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȚȧ ȚȟȫȦȑȨȚȞȧ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȤȥȩȦȞȨȡȤȔ ȖȪȩȓȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜȧ mǽ ȝȒȖȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȥȦȤȨȱȭȚȮȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȥȤȪ ȪȥȚȦȗȖȔȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȓ ȖȞȨȝȜȩȞȟȓ ȖȣȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȭȪȬȤȢȤȜȩȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȖȞȨȝȜȨȞȖȟȓ} ȘȦȑȫȚȞ Ȥ ȃȔȟȤȧ ǸȖȩȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȀȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȩȤȢ ǿȤȲȠȞȤ ȩȤȪ Ǭ ȅȞ ȥȦȤȨȱȭȚȞȧ ȡȚ ȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȖȦȑȝȪȦȑ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȑȩȞ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȚȫȖȦȡȤȘȓ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȳȢ ȨȬȚșȔȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȨȟȒȭȚȮȢ ȀȖȢȚȔȧ șȚȢ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȡȞȠȓȨȚȞ ȘȞȖ ȡȞȖ ȱȭȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȢȖ ȘȚȡȔȨȚȞ Ȥ ȢȤȪȧ ȩȤȪ ȡȚ ȗȞȳȡȖȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȖȞȨȝȓȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȨȪȢșȒȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȩȪȥȞȟȱ ȖȝȜȢȖȯȟȱ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȚȟȩȱȢȮȨȓ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȨȪ ȢȒȬȚȞȑ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȜȡȞșȜȡȱȨȞȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȒȩȤȞȡȤȪȧ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȖȠȑȗȤȪȢ ȟȑȝȚ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȪȢȚȥȳȧ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ ȩȤ Țȣȓȧ ȥȦȮȩȤȫȖȢȒȧ ȫȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȚȫȓȡȚȦȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤ ȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȡȞȟȦȓȧ ȟȠȔȡȖȟȖȧ ȩȖ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȚȟȫȦȑțȤȪȢ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȞȟȚȪȡȒȢȖ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȑȝȚ ȬȦȓȨȩȜ ȟȑȢȤȪȢ ȖȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȡȫȑȢȞȨȓ ȩȤȪȧ ȨȚ ȩȒȩȤȞȤ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȝȤȦȔțȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȚȞ ȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȀȖȩȖȦȘȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȖȪȩȱ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȨȜȧ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȤ ȥȠȓȦȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȟȚȢȱ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȜȧ ȟȤȞȢȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȤȲȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ǷȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȢȒȖ ȨȬȒșȞȖ ȚȘȘȦȖȫȓȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȪȢȑȡȚȞ ȞȟȖȢȑ ȢȖ țȮȢȩȖȢȚȲȨȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȞȨȤȥȚșȮȩȞȟȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȤȨșȳȨȤȪȢ ȩȤȢ ȬȖȡȒȢȤ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȩȜȧ ȅȞ ȔșȞȤȞ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȪȩȤȔ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȡȤȦ ȫȳȢȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ

ǿȤȪȠȔȖ ȈȩȚȫȑȢȤȪ ǿȮȨȓȫ ȈȩȚȫȑȢȤȪ ȆȚȦȞȘȦȖȫȓ ȩȜȧ ȚȞȟȱȢȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǻȟșȱȨȚȞȧ ǻȂȆ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

85

86

learning from ATHENS

03

ȄȃȅȇȅǷǽȇǷ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

ǻȆȎȃȊȂǻȈ ȆȇȅȈǾǽȀǻȈ ȌȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȩȤȪ ȗȔȖȞȖ ȘȞȘȖȢȩȮȡȒȢȤȪ ȢȚȤȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȤȲ ȑȨȩȚȮȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ Ȝ ȚȠȠȚȞȥȓ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȚȢșȤȘȚȢȤȲȧ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖȧ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȟȓȧ ȬȦȓȨȜȧ ȅ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȟȖȩȖ ȫȒȦȢȚȞ ȠȱȘȮ ȩȜȧ șȤȡȓȧ ȩȤȪ ȢȖ ȨȪȡȥȚȦȞȠȑȗȚȞ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȟȩȔȨȡȖ ȡȔȖ ȥȠȜȝȳȦȖ ȬȦȓȨȚȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȠȚȞ ȩȤȪȦȘȞȳȢ ȖȢȑȘȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȤȢ ȨȩȤ ȟȖȩȚȣȤȬȓȢ ȥȤȠȪȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȞȟȱ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ ȀȖȩѭ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȤȦȘȖȢȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȤȢȤȨȓȡȖȢȩȖ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȖȩȒȦȡȤȢȜ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȖȪȩȓȧ ȩȜȧ ȟȩȞȦȞ Ȗȟȓȧ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖȧ ȚȣȞȨȳȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȟȑȝȚ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȟȓ șȤȡȓ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȖȥȤ ȟȠȚȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȞ ȤȠȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȥȦȤȯȱȢ ȥȖȢșȤȬȚȔȤ ǰȩȨȞ ȩȤ ȨȜȡȖȨȞȤȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȗȑȦȤȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤȦȦȒȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȨȪȡȗȤȠȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȩȖȲȩȞȨȜ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȚȞȳȢ ȡȚ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȤ ȟȩȞȦȞȖȟȱ ȩȲȥȤ ȚȟȡȜșȚȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȡȔȖ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ mȨȪȨȩȒȘȖȨȜȧ} ȥȤȪ șȚȢ ȫȒȦȚȞ ȢȤȓȡȖȩȖ ȉȤ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȧ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȩȖȞ ȚȥȞȫȖȢȚȞȖȟȑ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȜ ȨȜȡȖȨȞȤșȱȩȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȥȑȠȞ ȩȤȢ ȱȭȚȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜ ȫȤȦȑ ȱȡȮȧ ȱȬȞ ȡȚ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȚȧ ȚȟȫȦȑȨȚȞȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȡȚ ȨȟȱȥȞȡȚȧ ȚȢȒȦȘȚȞȚȧ ȥȦȤȳȝȜȨȜȧ ȖȘȖȝȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȪȥȜȦȚȨȞȳȢ ȅȞ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȚȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȚȥȞȨȩȦȖ ȩȚȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȪȥȜȦȚȨȔȖ ȩȜȧ șȞȖȫȓȡȞȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȒȦșȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȩȖȢȑȠȮȨȜȧ ȅȞ ȬȦȓ ȨȩȚȧ ȖȢȖȘȟȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȢȖ ȡȚȩȖȠȠȑȣȤȪȢ ȡȚ ȡȞȟȦȑ ȓ ȡȚȘȑȠȖ ȡȒȨȖ ȩȤȢ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȮȢ șȞȖȡȚȦȞ ȨȡȑȩȮȢ ȡȚ ȨȩȱȬȤ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨșȳȨȤȪȢ ȨȩȞȧ ȩȪȥȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȚȧ ȥȤȠȪȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȞȟȒȧ ȡȤȢȑșȚȧ ȩȤ ȬȖȡȒȢȤ ȨȜȡȖȨȞȤȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȚȦȞȚȬȱȡȚȢȤ ȀȖȩȖȞȘȞȨȡȱȧ Ȗȥȱ șȞȖȫȜȡȞȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȖȫȔȨȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȞȢȖȟȔșȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȡȚȘȑȠȚȧ ȚȩȖȞȦȔȚȧ ȓ ȖȠȪȨȔșȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȩȜȡȑȩȮȢ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȡȞȟȦȤȡȚȨȖȔȚȧ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȓȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȢȱȡȖȩȖ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȳȢ ȘȞȖȩȦȳȢ șȞȟȜȘȱȦȮȢ ȩȚȬȢȞȟȳȢ ȘȦȖȫȚȔȮȢ ȟȠȥ ȚȟȥȒȡȥȤȪȢ ȨȓȡȖȩȖ ȟȖȞ șȜȠȳ ȢȤȪȢ ȚȡȫȖȩȞȟȑ ȩȖ ȱȨȖ ȟȦȲȗȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȖ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȖ ȂȞȖ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȣȚȥȚȦȢȑ ȩȜȢ ȞȨȤȥȚșȮȩȞȟȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȟȑȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȥȦȑȣȜ ȩȤ șȞȖȟȤȨȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȪȥȱȨȩȚȘȤȪ ȩȤȪ 9HQWXUL

ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȚȔ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖȧ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȤȧ ȫȤȦȒȖȧ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȩȜȢ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȚȩȖȞ Ȝ țȮȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǽ ȥȦȮȩȖȦȬȞȟȓ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ șȞȖȩȖȦȑȨȨȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȒȧ ȥȖȦȚȡȗȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȬȦȜȨȩȳȢ ȅȞ ȟȲȦȞȚȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȩȜȦȔȮȢ ȖȥȤȨȩȚȦȜȡȒȢȚȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȤȲ ȨȬȚ șȞȖȨȡȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȑȥȤȭȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȳȢȩȖȧ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȖ ȟȖȞ ȚȢȩȚȠȳȧ mȖȨȓȡȖȢȩȖ} ȬȮȦȔȧ ȨȜȡȖȨȞ ȤȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȥȚȦȞȚȬȱȡȚȢȤ ȚȥȞȨȟȞȑțȤȢȩȖȞ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ Țȟ ȢȒȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȤȟȩȤȲȢ ȢȱȜȡȖ ȚȟȥȒȡȥȤ ȢȩȖȧ ȖȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȖ mȨȓȡȖȩȖ} ȡȚ ȥȦȤȨȩȞȝȒȡȚȢȖ șȞȖȟȤȨȡȜȩȞȟȑ ȚȪȦȓȡȖȩȖ ȓ ȟȖȞ ȑȠȠȖ ȖȥȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȬȢȑ ȟȖȟȱȘȤȪȨȩȖ ȡȒȨȖ ǽ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȔȖ ȤȞȟȞȖȟȳȢ ȨȪȨȟȚȪȳȢ ȨȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȪȥȤșȜȠȳȢȤȪȢ ȩȜ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȚȢȳ ȤȥȤȞȖșȓȥȤȩȚ ȑȠȠȜ ȬȦȓȨȜ ȚȲȘȠȮȩȩȖ ȚȟȫȦȑțȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȥȦȤȨȩȞȝȒȡȚȢȒȧ ȩȖ ȡȥȒȠȚȧ ǺȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȚȔȩȖȞ ȟȖȩѭ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȡȔȖ ȢȒȖ ȱȭȜ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȡȔȖ ȱȭȜ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȬȦȓȨȩȜ ȅȞ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ȖȥȤȟȩȤȲȢ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȩȤ ȬȖȡȒȢȤ ȨȜȡȖȨȞȤȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȚȦȞȚȬȱȡȚȢȤ

ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

87

88

learning from ATHENS

04

Ǿȃǽȁȃ ǺǹǷĬȃȆ

¢

mȅ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȖȢȩȖȢȖȟȠȑ ȥȤȠȪșȞȑȨȩȖȩȖ ȱȠȜ ȩȜ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȩȦȱȥȤȪ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȖȪȩȓ ȖȢȩȞȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȩȖȞ ȩȤȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȚȖȪȩȱ ȩȜȧ } ȉȤȪȦȢȞȟȞȳȩȜȧ ȆȖȢȖȘȞȳȩȜȧ ȈȚ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȨȜ ȡȚ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȚȪȦȮȥȖȯȟȒȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ Ȥ ȖȨȩȞȟȱȧ ȞȨȩȱȧ ȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȡȚȘȑȠȤȪȧ ȑȣȤ ȢȚȧ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȤȪȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȥȖȦȖȩȜȦȤȲȡȚ ȒȢȖ ȩȚȠȚȔȮȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȱ ȫȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȀȖȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȥȚȦȔȤșȤ ȩȜȧ ȡȚȘȑȠȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȟȖȩȑȫȚȦȚ ȢȖ ȖȥȖȢȩȓȨȚȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȞȚȨȩȞȟȓ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȨȩȒȘȖȨȜ ȱȡȮȧ șȚȢ ȟȖȩȑȫȚȦȚ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȖȥȤȟȦȞȝȚȔ ȨȩȞȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȓȧ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȅ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȚȞ ȪȥȤȠȚȞȡȡȖȩȞȟȱȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȚȦȞȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤȧ ȤȞ șȦȱȡȤȞ ȨȩȚȢȤȔ ȟȖȞ ȥȢȞȟȩȞȟȤȔ ȡȤȢȑȬȖ ȱ ȩȞ șȚȢ ȓȩȖȢ șȪ ȢȖȩȱ ȢȖ șȤȡȜȝȚȔ ȒȡȚȞȢȚ ȖȢȒȥȖȫȤ ȅȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȞ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȥȢȒȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȖȔȨȝȜ ȡȖ ȱȩȞ ȖȢȓȟȤȪȢ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȔșȞȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȢȖ ȚȢȝȖȦȦȲȢȤȪȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȤȪȧ ȢȖ ȨȪȢșȚȝȤȲȢ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȩȱȥȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ ȈȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓȧ ȥȦȮȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȗȞȤȡȜȬȖȢȔȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȓȧ ȥȤȞȤȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȑ Ȥ ȦȱȠȤȧ ȩȤȪ șȜȡȤȨȔȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ǽ ȖȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȑȩȞȨȩȜ ȤȞȟȤșȤȡȞȟȓ ȨȪȨȨȳȦȚȪȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȥȦȤȜȘȤȲȡȚȢȤȪ ȖȞȳȢȖ șȚȢ ȖȥȒȟȠȚȞȨȚ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȤȢ ȫȪȨȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȖȢȤȞȬȩȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȜȧ Ȥ ȤȥȤȔȤȧ ȟȖȝȱȦȞțȚ ȖȢȒȟȖȝȚȢ ȩȤȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȗȔȤ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȩȦȤȥȓ ȩȮȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȑ ȩȮȢ ȖȢȒȩȦȚȭȚ ȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȚȧ ȡȖȟȦȤȬȦȱȢȞȚȧ ȥȖȦȖșȱȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȓȝȚȞȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȤșȓȘȜȨȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȠȖȱ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȚȦȞșȞȑȗȖȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȤȫȤȦȞȟȓ ȨȪȢȤȡȞȠȔȖ ȢȖ ȟȠȚȞȨȩȚȔ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȩȒȨȨȚȦȞȧ ȩȤȔȬȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓȧ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȡȤȢȮȝȚȔ ǻȟȚȔ mȡȒȨȖ} ȨȩȤ ȟȦȜ ȨȫȲȘȚȩȱ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȤȢ ȥȦȤȨȚȘȡȒȢȖ șȞȖȟȤȨȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȱ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤ ȱȠȖ ȡȤȞȑțȤȪȢ ȩȖȬȩȤ ȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȖ ȉȤ mȒȣȮ} ȱȡȮȧ ȖȥȤșȚȞȟȢȲȚȩȖȞ ȬȖȤȩȞȟȱ ȅ ȨȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȚȦȞȝȮȦȞȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȤȧ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȒȬȚȞ ȥȑȭȚȞ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȨȟȒȭȜ ȟȖȞ ȡȒȠȜȡȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȩȖȞ ȅȞ ȟȑȩȤȞ ȟȤȞ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ șȚȢ ȖȥȒȟȩȜȨȖȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȖ ȨȪȢȚȔșȜȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȪȖȞȨȝȜȨȔȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȑȦȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȑȠȤȘȤ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȨȪȡȥȚȦȞȫȤȦȑȧ ȖȥȒȢȖȢȩȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȟȤȞȢȤȬȦȓȨȩȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȩȤ ȗȖȨȞȟȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȡȒȠȜȡȖ ȓȩȖȢ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ Ȝ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȨȩȒȘȖȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȦȘȖȨȔȖ ȂȒȢȤȪȢ ȚȟȚȔ ȟȪȦȔ Ȯȧ ȘȞȖȩȔ ȚȦȘȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȚȟȚȔ ȟȖȞ ȱȬȞ ȘȞȖ ȱȨȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȦȤȨȫȒȦȚȞ ȅȞ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚ ȦȤȞ ȖșȞȖȫȤȦȤȲȢ ȘȞȖ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȨȪȡȗȖȔȢȚȞ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȔȨȤșȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȓ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȥȤȪ Ȥ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȱȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȥȤșȔșȚȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ

ȆȖȢȖȘȞȳȩȜȧ ȉȤȪȦȢȞȟȞȳȩȜȧ ǽ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȚȥȤȬȓ )8785$ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȚȠ ȌȦȞȨȩȔȢȖ ȀȑȠȡȥȖȦȜ ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȃȩȑȫȠȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ȨȚȠ ǸȖȨȔȠȜȧ ȀȖȦȖȥȤȨȩȱȠȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȨȜȡȚȞȳȨȚȞȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȤ ȜȡȞȩȚȠȒȧ $EVROXWH UHDOLVP ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚ ȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ ȂȚ ȩȜ ȫȦȑȨȜ ȖȪȩȓ ȚȢȢȤȤȲȡȚ ȩȤȪȧ șȦȱȡȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȩȮȢ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȮȢ ȥȚȦȞȤȬȳȢ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȉȤȪȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȤȲȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȥȤȪ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȧ ȝȖ ȬȦȜȨȞȡȤȥȤȞȓȨȚȞ Ȯȧ șȞȖșȦȤȡȓ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȥȑȚȞ ȨȩȜ șȤȪȠȚȞȑ ȓ ȨȩȤ ȨȥȔȩȞ ȩȤȪ ȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȨȩȚȢȑ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȥȩȪȬȝȚȔ Ȝ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ țȮȓ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȪȨȡȒȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȡȚȘȑȠȚȧ ȠȚȮȫȱȦȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ mȅȞ ȘȢȳȦȞȡȤȞ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȥȚȦȑȨȡȖȩȖ ȓ ȩȱȥȤȞ ȥȤȠȪȨȲȬȢȖȨȩȤȞ ȖȢȓȟȤȪȢ ȨȩȤ ȡȚȩȖȔȬȡȞȤ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȟȠȚȞȨȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȱȠȖȪȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȤȲ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȗȔȮȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ} ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

89

90

learning from ATHENS

04

Ǿȃǽȁȃ ǺǹǷĬȃȆ

ǹȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȥȦȤ ȥȤȠȪȚȝȢȞȟȱ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ mȅ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȱȧ ȩȤȪ ȑȨȩȚȮȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȣȒȢȤȧ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȞȟȓ ȩȤȪ ǽ ȨȪȡȗȤȠȓ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȤȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȱ ѪțȮȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȜșȚȢȞȟȓ Ȯȧ ȖȦȢȜȩȞȟȓ } ǹ ȀȖȠȖȢȩȔșȜȧ mǷ ȨȓȡȖȢȩȜ ȥȱȠȜ} Ȋȥȱ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȩȞȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ Ȥ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ șȚȢ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȨȪȠȠȤȘȞȟȑ ǷȢȩȞȝȒȩȮȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȖșȞȖȫȤȦȚȔ ȥȠȓȦȮȧ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȖ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȗȠȒȥȚȞ ȩȤȢ șȦȱȡȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȤ ȨȖȢ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȒȢȖ ȬȳȦȤ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȩȓȨȚȞ ȨȩȤ ȨȥȔȩȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȞȠȤȩȓ ȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȬȚȔȦȜȨȓ ȟȖȩȑȨȩȜȡȑ ȩȤȪ ǺȞȖȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȝȚȮȦȚȔ ȩȤȢ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ ȡȞȖ ȪȥȚȦ ȡȚȘȒȝȜ ȪȥȤșȤȡȓ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȤȥȤȔȖ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȨȪȢșȚȝȚȔ ȱȥȤȩȚ ȟȖȞ ȱȥȮȧ ȚȟȚȔȢȤȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȚȔ ǰȩȨȞ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȒȢȖ ȖȢȚȣȑȢȩȠȜȩȤ ȖȥȱȝȚȡȖ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȤȞȟȚȞȤȥȤȞȜȝȚȔ Ȥ ȟȖȝȒȢȖȧ ȉȤ ȖȩȤȡȞȟȱ mȡȒȨȖ} ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ mȒȣȮ} ȅȞ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȒȧ ȨȫȖȔȦȚȧ ȥȚȦȢȤȲȢ ȡȜ ȖȢȖȨȩȦȒȭȞȡȖ ȨȩȤȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȖȠȠȤȞȳȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȖȟȖȩȑȥȖȪȨȩȖ ȩȤȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȩȤȪ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ șȞȑȬȪȨȜ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȖȠȠȜȠȚȥȔșȦȖȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȫȖȢȚȦȓ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȱȬȞ ȖȥȤȟȠȚȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȨȩȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȩȤȪ ȥȚțȤșȦȤȡȔȤȪ ȈȚ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȥȪȦȚȩȱ Ȗȥȱ ȨȪ ȘȟȤȠȠȓȨȚȞȧ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȢȖ ȒȦȝȚȞ ȖȢȩȞȡȒȩȮȥȤȧ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȤȞ ȬȳȦȤȞ șȞȒȠȚȪȨȜȧ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȖȨȩȖȝȚȔ Ȗȥȱ ȚȟȖȩȤȡȡȲȦȞȖ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȅȞ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȒȧ ȟȖȩȖȠȓȭȚȞȧ ȢȱȡȞȡȚȧ ȓ ȥȖȦȑȢȤȡȚȧ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȭȚȞ ȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȨȚ ȥȚțȤȨȩȑȨȞȖ ȋȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȚȔ Ȥ ȟȖȢȱȢȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȬȮȦȞȟȓȧ ȟȖȩȤȬȲȦȮȨȜȧ ȱȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȜȝȚȔ ȟȑȩȞ ȝȖ ȩȤȥȤȝȚȩȜȝȚȔ ȱȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȧ ȢȖ mȖȥȠȳȨȚȞ} ȩȜȢ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȩȤȪ ȝȖ ȩȤ ȟȑȢȚȞ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȥȤȠȠȤȲȧ ȚȢșȤȞȖȨȡȤȲȧ ȅ ȥȚțȱȧ ȬȦȚȞȑțȚȩȖȞ ȢȖ șȳȨȚȞ ȥȤȠȪȡȒȩȮȥȜ ȡȑȬȜ ȡȚ ȖȢȖȦȔȝȡȜȩȤȪȧ ȖȢȖȨȬȚȩȞȟȤȲȧ ȥȖȦȑȘȤȢȩȚȧ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȫȩȑȨȚȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȱ ȥȦȤȤȦȞȨȡȱ ȩȤȪ ȉȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȘȤȜȩȚȪȩȞȟȤȔ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȥȚȦȞȥȒȩȚȞȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȥȦȱȗȠȚȥȩȮȢ ȟȞȢșȲȢȮȢ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȩȱȨȤ ȒȢȩȤȢȜ Ȝ ȚȥȒȟȩȖȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȤȲ ȨȩȤ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȤ ȥȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȲȨȟȤȠȤ ȨȬȚșȱȢ ȖșȲȢȖȩȤ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȫȝȚȔ ȟȑȥȤȞȤȧ ȩȖ ȱȦȞȖ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȩȤȪȧ ȩȞ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȤ ȓ ȟȖ ȩȖȨȟȚȪȓ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȞ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȱ ȉȜȢ ȖȔȨȝȜȨȜ ȖȪȩȓ ȒȦȬȤȢȩȖȞ ȢȖ ȚȢȞȨȬȲȨȤȪȢ ȩȖ ȖȡȒ ȩȦȜȩȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȩȖȟȠȲțȤȪȢ ȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȞ ȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ȡȞȖ ȤȥȩȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȗȞȮȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȨȲȘȬȪȨȜ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȚȢȞȨȬȲȤȢȩȖȧ ȩȤ ȥȪȟȢȱ ȢȤȜȡȖȩȞȟȱ ȥȠȒȘȡȖ ȩȤȪ șȜȡȤȨȔȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȅȞ șȦȱȡȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȥȚțȤșȦȱȡȞȖ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȤșȜȘȜȝȚȔ ȨȚ ȟȤ ȦȚȨȡȱȧ ȱȬȞ ȡȱȢȤ Ȗȥȱ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȩȖ ȟȖȩȖȥȖȩȑ ȖȠȠȑ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȱȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȖ ȥȤȪ ȟȦȒȡȤȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȦȳȩȤȪȧ ȤȦȱȫȤȪȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ǰȩȨȞ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ Ȝ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ șȚȢ ȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȔțȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȟȩȔȦȞȑ ȩȜȧ ȖȠȠȑ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȑȡȚȨȜ ȖȠȠȜ ȠȚȥȔșȦȖȨȓ ȩȜȧ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȠȔȡȖȟȖ ȩȤȪ șȦȱȡȤȪ ȈȪȢȞȨȩȑ ȒȢȖ ȭȜȫȞșȮȩȱ ȱȥȤȪ ȨȪȢȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȥȤȠȠȑ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȘȟȦȤȪȱȡȚȢȖ ǷȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȡȚȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȚȧ șȞȚȟșȞȟȓȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȤȞ ȥȞȤ ȨȪȬȢȤȔ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȟȚȔȢȤȞ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȤȞ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȩȖȥȖȩȤȲȢ

ǰȢȖ dzȦȖȡȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ǻȠȚȲȝȚȦȚȧ ȉȤȥȤȝȚȩȓȨȚȞȧ ȉǻǻ Ȩ 5LFKDUG 6FRIILHU Ȥȥ ȨȚȠ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǷȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȤ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢ Ȥȥ ȨȚȠ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ Ȥȥ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

91

92

learning from ATHENS

04

Ǿȃǽȁȃ ǺǹǷĬȃȆ

ȀȖȩѭ ȖȪȩȱȢ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȥȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ Ȝ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȚȢȱȧ ȤȦȘȖȢȮȡȒȢȤȪ ȖȨȩȞ ȟȤȲ ȞȨȩȤȲ ȖȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȱȥȤȪ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȱȧ șȚȢ ȚȥȞȫȒȦȚȞ ȟȖȢȒȢȖ ȤȪȨȞȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ǷȢȩȞȝȒȩȮȧ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȚȔ ȟȖȞ Țșȳ Ȝ șȪȢȖȡȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȠȔȡȖȟȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȡȚȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȤȪ Ȝ șȪȢȖȡȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȮȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȚȟȩȖȨȞȡȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ǻșȳ ȥȚȦȞȨȨȱȩȚȦȤ Ȗȥȱ ȤȥȤȪșȓȥȤȩȚ ȖȠȠȤȲ ȨȪȢȖȢȩȑ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȱȠȖ ȖȪȩȑ ȩȖ ȥȚȦȞȨȩȖȩȞȟȑ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ ȫȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȥȤȠȲ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȮȢ ȥȚȦȞȤȬȳȢ ȩȜȧ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ șȚȢ ȚȥȞȗȑȠȠȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ǻȢ ȖȢȩȞȝȒȨȚȞ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ѯȚȥȚȟȩȚȔȢȤȢȩȖȞѰ ȖȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȖ ȤȞȟȚȞȤȥȤȞȤȲȡȚȢȤȞ ȟȑȝȚ ȥȩȪȬȓ ȩȜȧ ȋȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȩȮȢ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȞȨȩȱ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȥȖȦȑȘȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ șȞȖșȞ ȟȖȨȔȖ ȖȢȩȖȠȠȖȘȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȅ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȒȬȚȞ șȤȡȜȝȚȔ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȮȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖ ȥȖ ȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ ȠȤȞȥȱȢ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȞȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȡȤȢȩȒȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȤȦȝȤȟȖȢȤȢȞ ȟȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȦȝȤȠȤȘȞȟȓȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ șȪȩȞȟȳȢ ȥȦȤȩȲȥȮȢ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȡȞȖ mȖȨȑȦȮȩȜ ȥȱȠȜ} ȥȤȪ șȚȢ ȪȥȒȨȩȚȞ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȚȧ WDEXOD UDVD ȀȑȝȚ ȩȞ ȥȤȪ ȚȡȥȚȦȞȒȬȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȩȤȪ mȖȨȑ ȦȮȩȤȪ} ȚȡȥȚȦȞȒȬȚȞ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȗȦȱȡȞȟȤȪ ȩȤȪ ȦȪȥȖȦȤȲ ȖȪȩȤȲ ȥȤȪ ȚȠ ȠȤȬȚȲȚȞ ȟȞȢșȲȢȤȪȧ ȟȞȢȚȔȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ ȟȖȩȚȲȝȪȢȨȜ ȚȢȩȦȤȥȔȖȧ ǷȪȩȱȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȓȡȚȦȖ ȟȖȞ Ȥ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȥȖȦȖȡȚȠȜȡȒȢȤȧ ȚȣȤȪȝȚȢȮ ȡȒȢȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȗȖȦȪȡȒȢȤȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȚȥȚȟȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȟȖȩȖȥȖȩȓȨȚȞȧ ȒȢȖȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ Ȭȳ ȦȤȧ ȟȖȝȱȠȤȪ ȚȢȞȖȔȖ ȤȦȘȖȢȮȡȒȢȤȧ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȱ ȥȦȪȩȖȢȚȲȚȞ ȒȢȖȢȩȞ ȩȤ ȨȪȠȠȤȘȞȟȤȲ

ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȉțȞȦȩțȞȠȑȟȜȧ ǷȨȑȦȮȩȜ ȥȱȠȞȧ ȉȒȬȢȜ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ 0$'( ,1 $7+(16 ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ȩȜȧ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȁȇǺǿǺȆȇǺȆ ȇǼȆ ȄȃǿǼȆ

93

94

learning from ATHENS

ǰz Tm)t zT | ǰ| 03

95

96

learning from ATHENS

01 ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȖȢ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȨȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȟȖȡȔȖ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ șȚȢ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȥȑȚȞ ȬȖȡȒȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȤȥȤȔȤȪ ȚȨȲ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȧ ȩȡȓȡȖ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȚȞșȓ ȚȟȚȔȢȜ ȖȥȤȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ ȱȠȖ ȱȨȖ șȚȢ ȖȥȤȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞȧ ȚȨȲ Ȩѭ ȚȨȒȢȖ șȚȢ ȖȥȤȡȒȢȚȞ ȥȖȦȑ ȢȖ ȖȥȤșȚȬȩȚȔȧ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ ȖȪȩȓ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȚȔȨȖȞ ȚȪȬȖȦȞȨȩȜȡȒȢȤȧ ǽ ȆȦȤ ȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ Ȝ ȤȥȤȔȖ Țȟ ȘȚȢȚȩȓȧ ȒȬȚȞ Ȯȧ ȨȩȱȬȤ ȢȖ ȡȚȩȤȪȨȞȳȢȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȚȢȨȖȦȟȳȢȚȞ ȩȞȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȒȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȝȚȢȱȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ dzȠȤȞ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȔ ȩȜȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ȝȚȮȦȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȔȨȤȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȩȖȞ Ȝ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȔȖ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ǻȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ȤȞȟȚȞȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȞȢȜ ȡȞȟȦȤȟȠȔȡȖȟȖ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȱȠȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȥȩȪȬȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȟȩȞȦȞȖȟȒȧ ȡȤȢȑșȚȧ Ȯȧ ȖȪȩȱȢȤȡȚȧ ȤȢȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ șȚȢ ȟȖȩȖȫȒȦȢȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȚȥȞȗȠȜȝȤȲȢ ǺȚȢ ȚȥȞȗȑȠȠȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔ ȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȢ ȖȢȩȞȝȒȨȚȞ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȚȥȞȗȑȠȠȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ѯȚȥȚȟȩȚȔȢȤȢȩȖȞѰ ȖȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȖ ȨȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȜȧ

Ǽ ȄȅȃȆȋȄǽǾǼ ȄȃǿǼ

¥

ǽ ȥȱȠȜ Țȣ ȤȦȞȨȡȤȲ ȫȖȢȚȦȳȢȚȞ ȡȔȖ ȨȪȘȟȒȢȩȦȮȨȜ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȮȢ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȜ ȒȩȨȞ ȳȨȩȚ ȢȖ ȚȣȪȥȜȦȚȩȚȔȩȖȞ Ȝ ȨȪȠȠȤȘȞȟȓ țȮȓ ǮȦȖ Ȝ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȨȩȜȢ ȤȪȨȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȚȢȒȬȚȞ ȡȔȖ ȖȢȩȔȫȖȨȜ ȆȖȦȑ ȩȖȲȩȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȑȣȜ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȑ ȡȔȖ ȨȪȢȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȳȢ ȨȪȡȫȚȦȱȢȩȮȢ ȥȞȝȖȢȒȧ ȨȪȘȟȦȤȲȨȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȤȥȤȔȮȢ ȖȥȤȩȚ ȠȤȲȢ ȥȜȘȓ țȮȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȦȤȨșȔșȤȢȩȑȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȔȖ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ șȪȢȖȡȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȟȖȩѭ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȔȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȢ ȗȦȖȨȡȳ șȜȠȖșȓ ȨȚ ȨȲȘȟȦȤȪȨȜ ȡȔȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȚ țȮȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ șȜȠȖșȓ șȪȢȖȡȞȟȓ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȚ ȥȑȝȤȧ șȜȠȖșȓ Țȟȩȱȧ ȠȤȘȞȟȜȧ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȖȦȟȚȩȑ ȡȚȘȑȠȜ ȘȞȖ ȱȠȤȪȧ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȚȲȟȤȠȜ ǺȚȢ ȬȦȚȞȑțȚȩȖȞ ȨȪȢȩȓȦȜȨȜ ǷȢ ȘȔȢȚȞ ȠȔȘȜ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȠȑ ȚȥȚȟȩȚȔȢȚ ȩȖȞ ǷȢ ȥȖȠȞȳȨȚȞ ȖȥȠȑ ȖȪȩȤȟȖȩȖȨȩȦȒȫȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖȢȚȳȢȚȩȖȞ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȔșȞȤ ȨȪȢȖȦȥȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȓ ȗȖȦȚȩȓ ȥȖȢȩȤȲ ǻȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȞȨȩȤȦȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȀȞ ȖȪȩȱ șȞȱȩȞ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȩȖȩȞȟȓ ȅ ȬȦȱȢȤȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȚȣȖȞȦȚȩȞȟȑ ȨȬȚȩȞȟȱȧ ȟȖȞ ȦȚȪȨȩȱȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ǺȚȢ ȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȚȔȩȖȞ Ȝ ȟȖȝȞȚȦȮȡȒȢȜ ȬȦȤȢȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȖȠȠȑ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ Ȗȫȓ ȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȞȮȢȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȞȘȡȓȧ ȉȤ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ Ȝ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȖșȪȢȖȩȚȔ ȢȖ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȨȚȞ ȡȔȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȈȩȤ ȗȖȝȡȱ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȪȥȖȦȟȩȓ ȤȪȨȔȖ ȩȜȢ ȞȨȩȤȦȔȖ ȩȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ șȚȢ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ ȫȖȢȩȖȨȩȤȲȡȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȚȢȞȖȔȤ ȬȖ ȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǰȬȚȞ ȥȞȝȖȢȱȩȖȩȖ ȩȱȨȚȧ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȱȨȤȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȩȜȧ ȂȞȖ ȨȲȢȝȚȨȜ ȡȤȢȖșȞȟȓ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȝȒȢȖ ȡȖȧ ȡȞȖ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȓ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȡȞȖ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȞȟȚȪȡȒȢȜ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȒȨȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȟȑȝȚ ȒȢȖ ȘȞȖ ȩȤȢ ȟȖȝȒȢȖ ȓ ȟȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȟȖȢȒȢȖȢ ȂȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȚȢ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȨȬȚșȔȤȪ ǰȬȚȞ mȨȬȚșȞȖȨȩȚȔ} ȱȬȞ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȪȢȓȝȜ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȚȢȱȧ ȘȦȖȫȚȞ ȤȟȦȖȩȞȟȤȲ ȤȦȘȖȢȞȨȡȤȲ ȥȤȪ ȚȠȒȘȬȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȓ ȩȜȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȨȖȢ șȞȑȫȤȦȤȞ ȖȢȩȔȠȖȠȤȞ ȨȥȱȦȤȞ ȟȱȟȟȤȞ ȢȖ ȒȥȚȨȖȢ ȩȪȬȖȔȖ ȨȩȤ ȒșȖȫȤȧ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȬȝȜȟȖȢ ȱȥȤȪ ȗȦȓȟȚ ȥȦȱȨȫȤȦȤ ȒșȖȫȤȧ Ȝ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȮ ȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖ ȈȩȜȢ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ Ȥ ȥȤȠȚȤșȱȡȤȧ ȥȖȦȖȬȮȦȚȔ ȩȜ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȤȢ ȬȖȦȩȤȘȦȑȫȤ ȈȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȡȱȢȤ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȱ ȦȪȡȤȩȤȡȞȟȱ ȨȬȒșȞȤ ȤȞȟȤȥȒșȮȢ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȤȦȔțȚȞ ȖȥȤȟȠȚȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȖ ȱȦȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȖȠȤȘȚȔ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȤ ȖȦȞȝȡȱ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ǽ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȗȖȨȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȡȒȝȤșȤ ȩȜȧ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓȧ ȖȢȒȘȚȦȨȜȧ ȖșȱȡȜȩȖ ȤȞȟȱȥȚșȖ ȖȥȤȟȩȤȲȢ ȱȘȟȤ ȟȖȞ ȲȭȤȧ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȪȥȖȘȤȦȚȲȚȞ Ȝ ȚȥȞȩȖȟȩȞȟȓ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȨȩȒȘȖȨȜ ǺȚȢ ȪȥȖȟȤȲȢ ȨȚ ȟȖȢȱȢȚȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȒȬȤȪȢ Ȯȧ ȨȩȱȬȤ ȢȖ ȚȣȖȢȩȠȓȨȤȪȢ ȟȑȝȚ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȨȥȞȝȖȡȓ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȥȦȤȧ șȱȡȜȨȜ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȳȢȩȖȧ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȡȥȖȘȓ ȡȑțȖ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜȧ ȩȜȧ ȔșȞȖȧ ȡȤȢȑșȖȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȤȡȚȔȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȖȪȩȱȡȖȩȤ ȥȞȠȱȩȤ ȡȞȖ ȖȩȚȠȚȔȮȩȜ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȩȤȪ ȔșȞȤȪ ȖȥȠȤȲ șȤȡȞȟȤȲ ȚȡȗȑȩȜ ȆȦȱȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖȢ ȡȥȚȩȤȢȒȢȞȤ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȱ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȱ ȥȤȠȪȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȞȟȱ ȚȲȟȤȠȤ ȨȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓ ȡȚ ȚȪȒȠȞȟȩȤ ȥȦȤȘȦȖȡȡȖȩȞȟȑ ȞȨȱȘȚȞȤ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȖȞ ȡȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȤ ȡȒȘȞȨȩȤ ȖȦȞȝȡȱ ȤȦȱȫȮȢ ȡȚ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȤȲȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȅ ȩȲȥȤȧ ȖȪȩȱȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ ȩȜȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ǰȢȖȧ ȫȤȦȒȖȧ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ ȨȩȤȢ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȚȡȫȪȩȚȲȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȚȩȖȞ Ȝ țȮȓ

ȆȈȀȄǺȅǷȆȀǷȇǷ

97

ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȗȦȔȨȟȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȤȦȚȔȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȤȦȞțȱȢȩȞȤ ȨȩȤ ȟȖȩȖȟȱȦȪȫȤ ǽ ȟȖȝѭ ȲȭȤȧ ȖȢȑȥȩȪ ȣȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȖȨȞȑțȚȞ ȩȞȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȤȞȟȤȥȒșȤȪ ȚȥȔ ȩȤȢ ȖȦȞȝȡȱ ȩȮȢ ȤȦȱȫȮȢ șȜȡȞȤȪȦȘȳȢȩȖȧ ȡȞȖ Țȟ ȢȒȤȪ ȤȞȟȤȥȚșȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȟȖȝѭ ȲȭȤȧ ȀȑȝȚ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȑ ȡȔȖ ȣȚȬȮȦȞȨȩȓ ȤȦȞ țȱȢȩȞȖ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖ ȈȚ ȟȑȝȚ ȱȦȤȫȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ Ȝ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȚȡȫȪȩȚȲȚȩȖȞ Ȝ țȮȓ ȚȢȱȧ ȢȤȞȟȤȟȪȦȞȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȥȠȜȦȳȢȚȩȖȞ ǷȢ ȥȑȠȞ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȣȚȞ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȓ Ȝ ȤȞȟȤȢȤȡȞȟȓ ȚȪȬȒȦȚȞȖ ȩȱȩȚ Ȥ ȱȦȤȫȤȧ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȚȞ ȟȚȢȱȧ ȚȢȳ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȜ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȘȞȖ ȨȩȒȘȖȨȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȚȘȖȠȲȩȚȦȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȥȦȤȗȠȚȥȱȡȚȢȖ ȢȤȞȟȤȟȪȦȞȑ ȖȢȖȡȤȢȒȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȖȥȤȠȓȣȚȞȧ ȩȤȪ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȤȲ ȥȦȤȨȫȒȦȤȪȢ ȩȜ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȥȦȱȨȝȚȨȜȧ ȤȦȱ ȫȤȪ ǽ ȥȠȓȦȮȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȨȟȚȠȚȩȤȲ ȖȫȓȢȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜ șȞȟȖȞȤșȤȨȔȖ ȖȠȠȜȠȤȨȪȡȥȠȜȦȤȲȡȚȢȮȢ ȤȡȑșȮȢ ȘȦȖ ȫȚȞȤȟȦȖȩȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȮȢ ǽ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȥȮȧ ȝȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȤȦȞȨȩȞȟȓ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ǰȬȚȞ ȟȖȩȖȥȞȚȔ ȟȖȝȚȩȔ ȑȠȠȤѴ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȨȪȨȨȮȡȖȩȳȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȀȑȝȚ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȑ ȟȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȣȚȬȮȦȞȨȩȱ ȖȢȩȞȟȚȔȡȚȢȤ Ȝ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȩȮȢ ȤȥȤȔȮȢ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȡȑțȖ ȩȱȨȤ ȨȪȡȥȖȘȓ ȥȤȪ ȡȤȞȑțȚȞ ȡȚ ȒȢȖ ȢȒȤ ȩȚȬȢȜȩȱ ȖȢȑȘȠȪȫȤ ȥȑȢȮ ȨȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȚȡȥȱșȞȨȩȖ Ȝ țȮȓ ȉȤ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȱȩȞ ȨȩȚȦȚȔȩȖȞ ȡȤȦȫȤȠȤȘȞȟȑǃ ȚȢȩȤȲȩȤȞȧ Ȝ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȩȤȪ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤȪ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢȩȤȧ ȖȢȖȥȱȫȚȪȟȩȖ ȪȥȤșȜȠȳȢȚȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȖ ȖȔȨȝȜȨȜ ȞȨȱȩȜȩȖȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ mșȜȡȤȟȦȖȩȔȖȧ} ȟȖȝȳȧ ȱȠȤȞ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȖȥȤȠȖȡȗȑȢȤȪȢ ȔȨȚȧ ȚȪȟȖȞȦȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȔșȞȚȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȉȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȚȟȫȦȑțȚȞ ȒȢȖ ȩȒȠȚȞȤ ȞșȚȳșȚȧ ȒȢȖ ȚȔșȤȧ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȓȧ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞșȒȬȚȩȖȞ ȱȡȮȧ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȚȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȨȪȢȪȫȖȨȡȒȢȜȧ ȡȚ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȩȜȧ ȉȤ ȥȦȤȩȚȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ șȚȢ ȚȟȫȦȑțȚȞ ȟȑȥȤȞȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ǽ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ ȖȦȬȞ ȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ șȚȢ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȖȢȖȘȟȖȔȖ ȥȦȤȰȥȱȝȚȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ȅ ȞșȞȳȩȜȧ șȞȖȠȒȘȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȒȩȤȞȡȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȘȤȦȑȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȝȒȩȚȞ ȩȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȤȪ ȨȩȤȢ ȫȤȦȒȖ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞ ȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȔȢȚȞ ȩȜ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȨȩȤ ȑȩȤȡȤ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȣȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȢȝȒȩȤȢȩȖȧ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȤȪ ȩȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȤȪ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȚȢ ȥȦȤȨȩȖȩȚȲȚȞ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȝȜȩȞȟȑ ȖȠȠȑ ȖȢȩȞȝȒȩȮȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȚȟȝȒȩȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪȧ țȜȩȑ ȢȖ ȪȥȚȦȗȖȔȢȤȪȢ ȡȤȢȔȡȮȧ ȩȤȢ ȚȖȪȩȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȆȦȱȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖ ȚȔșȤȧ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȤȬȞȟȤȲ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȤȲ Ȥ ȤȥȤȔȤȧ ȪȥȖȘȤȦȚȲȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȢ ȖȪȝȤȦȡȜȩȞȨȡȱ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȨȩȜȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȟȦȑȩȚȞȖ ȩȤȪ ȬȚȞȦȤȥȤȔȜȩȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȚȪȦȜȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪ

98

learning from ATHENS

01

Ǽ ȄȅȃȆȋȄǽǾǼ ȄȃǿǼ

ȈȩȜȢ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȤȞ ȚȥȚȡȗȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȬȦȜȨȩȳȢ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȤȢȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȖȘȟȞȨȩȦȮȡȒȢȚȧ ȨȩȤ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȨȳȡȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǻȣȖȥȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȩȮȢ ȞȳȢ ȥȤȪ șȞȚȞȨșȲȤȪȢ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȤ ȢȩȖȞ ȤȦȡȜȩȞȟȑ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȤȦȘȖȢȞȨȡȤȲȧ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ ȟȖȞ ȗȦȔȨȟȤȢȩȖȧ șȞȒȣȤșȤ ȨȩȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȒȦȬȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȚȟșȜȠȳȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȉȖ ȡȥȖȠȟȱȢȞȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȓ șȤȡȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȁȱȘȮ ȩȤȪ ȟȠȔȡȖȩȤȧ ȟȑȝȚ șȞȖȡȒȦȞȨȡȖ șȞȖȝȒȩȚȞ ȒȢȖȢ ȥȦȱȨȝȚȩȤ ȚȣȮȩȚȦȞȟȱ ȬȳȦȤ Ȥ ȤȥȤȔȤȧ ȖȢȖȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȡȚȨȤȠȖȗȜȩȓ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȟȠȚȞȨȩȤȲ ȖȢȤȞȬȩȤȲ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȤȲ șȜȡȱȨȞ ȤȪ ȆȦȱȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȘȞȖ ȒȢȖȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȤȞȟȚȞȤȥȤȞȜȝȚȔ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȬȦȓȨȩȚȧ ȈȪȢȚȥȳȧ Ȝ ȱȭȜ ȖȦȬȞȟȑ Ȯȧ ȟȤȡȡȑȩȞ ȩȤȪ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪ ȨȪȢȱȠȤȪ ȨȚ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȟȩȜȦȔȤȪ ȥȠȒȤȢ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȠȓȦȮȨȜ ȨȚ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ șȞȖȡȚȦȔȨȡȖȩȤȧ Ȗȥȱ ȤȞȟȞȖȟȒȧ ȨȪȨȟȚȪȒȧ ǽ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȅȞ ȖȪȩȤȨȬȒșȞȚȧ ȚȟȫȦȑȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȟșȜȠȳȨȚȞȧ ȘȔȢȤȢȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȤ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜȧ ȨȩȤ ȖȥȦȱȨȮȥȤ ȟȖȞ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȜȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ȉȤ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȧ ȖȪȩȱ ȖȢȖșȚȞȟȢȲȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȖ ȩȜȢ ȱȥȤȞȖ ȚȪȦȜȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȟȑȝȚ ȚȥȞȡȒȦȤȪȧ ȖȩȤȡȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚ ȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȱ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȩȖ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȚȠȚȲȝȚȦȖ ȨȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ǽ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȜ ȨȩȖȩȞȟȓ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ șȞȖȩȖȦȑȨȨȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ țȮȢȩȖȢȚȲȚȞ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȡȞȖ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȞȢȜ ȨȪȘȟȒȢȩȦȮȨȜ ȟȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȩȤȥȩȦȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȨȲȢȤȠȱ ȩȜȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȤȡȚȔȩȖȞ Țȣ ȤȠȤȟȠȓȦȤȪ Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȚȢ ȥȦȤȗȠȒȥȚȞ șȞ ȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȓ ȩȪȥȤȠȤȘȔȖ ȘȞȖ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȬȦȓȨȚȞȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȱȠȚȧ ȤȞ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȔȚȧ ȨȩȚȘȑțȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȤȢ ȔșȞȤ ȩȤȢ ȩȲȥȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȖȢȩȞȡȚȩȮȥȔțȚȩȖȞ ȚȥȞȫȖȢȚȞȖȟȑ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȦȱ ȨȝȚȩȜ ȨȜȡȖȨȞȤșȱȩȜȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȱȭȚȮȢ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜ ȫȤȦȑ ȱȡȮȧ ȡȚ ȨȟȱȥȞȡȚȧ ȚȢȒȦȘȚȞȚȧ ȥȦȤȳȝȜȨȜȧ ȖȘȖȝȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȪȥȜȦȚȨȞȳȢ ȅȞ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȚȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȚȥȞȨȩȦȖȩȚȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȪȥȜȦȚȨȔȖ ȩȜȧ șȞȖȫȓȡȞȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȒȦșȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȩȖȢȑȠȮȨȜȧ ȀȖȩȖȞȘȞȨȡȱȧ Ȗȥȱ șȞȖȫȜȡȞȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȖȫȔȨȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȞȢȖȟȔ șȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȡȚȘȑȠȚȧ ȚȩȖȞȦȔȚȧ ȓ ȖȠȪȨȔșȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȩȜȡȑȩȮȢ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȡȞȟȦȤȡȚȨȖȔȚȧ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȓȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȤȢȱȡȖȩȖ ȚȥȖȘȘȚȠȡȖȩȞȳȢ ȚȟȥȒȡȥȤȪȢ ȨȓȡȖȩȖ ȟȖȞ șȜȠȳȢȤȪȢ ȚȡȫȖȩȞȟȑ ȩȜ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȔȖ ȩȤȪȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȦȚȪȨȩȓ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȞȫȖȢȚȞȖȟȓ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȱȥȮȧ ȒȢȖ ȨȩȤȲȢȩȞȤ ȩȤȪ ȌȱȠȪȘȤȪȢȩ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȢȒȖ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȑȝȚ ǺȚȪȩȒȦȖ ȥȦȮȔ ǾȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȚ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȢȖ ȥȚȞ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȨȪȡȡȚȩȒȬȚȞ ȨȪȢȚȬȳȧ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȖȨȩȞȟȱ KDSSHQLQJ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȧ ȥȖȔȦ ȢȚȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ șȞȖȦȝȦȮȩȞȟȤȲ ȥȖȦȑȘȤȢȩȖ ȈȩȜȢ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȫȓȡȚȦȖ ȨȩȤȞȬȚȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȝȓȟȚȧ ȡȞȟȦȓȧ ȟȠȔȡȖȟȖȧ ȟȖȝȤȦȔțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȡȞȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ ȨȩȞȘȡȓ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȣȖȢȑ ȖȪȩȓ ȢȖ ȡȚȩȖȗȠȜȝȚȔ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȦȱȗȠȚȥȩȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȪȒȠȞȟȩȜ ȆȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȚȫȱȨȤȢ ȟȖȝȦȚȫȩȔțȚȞ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȡȒȢȚȞ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȓȢ ǽ ȡȚȩȖȗȠȜȩȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȖȠȱȘȮȧ ȩȞȧ ȚȥȤȬȒȧ ȩȞȧ ȟȖȞȦȞȟȒȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ ȩȖ ȒȝȞȡȖ ȩȞȧ ȨȪȢȓȝȚȞȧ ȓ ȩȞȧ ȨȩȞȘȡȞȖȔ Țȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȂȥȤȦȚȔ ȖȢȑ ȥȑȨȖ ȨȩȞȘȡȓ ȢȖ ȖȦȬȔȨȚȞ ȢȖ ȭȜȠȳȢȚȞ ȢȖ ȥȠȜȦȳȢȚȞ ȩȖ ȟȚȢȑ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȪȝȚȔȧ ȖȡȒȨȮȧ ȢȖ ȩȤ ȖȢȖȗȑȠȠȚȞ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȦȘȤȩȑȣȞȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ șȚȢ ȡȒȢȚȞ ȨȩȖȝȚȦȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȔȥȤȩȖ șȚȢ ȥȚȦȖȩȳȢȚȩȖȞ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȒȬȚȞ ȡȚȨȤȘȚȞȖȟȱ ȒȮȧ ȩȦȤȥȞȟȱ ȟȠȔȡȖ ȒȩȨȞ ȱȥȮȧ ȪȥȤșȜȠȳȢȚȞ Ȝ ȒȢȩȤȢȜ ȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȚȣȮ ȩȚȦȞȟȳȢ ȬȳȦȮȢ ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȠȞȡȖȩȞțȱȡȚȢȜ dzȠȚȧ ȤȞ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȚȧ șȞȖȝȒȩȤȪȢ ȨȩȞȧ ȱȭȚȞȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȒȢȖȢ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȤ ȩȚȬȢȤȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȚȣȤȥȠȞȨȡȱ ȥȤȪ ȚȣȖȨȫȖȠȔțȚȞ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȑ ȩȞȧ ȗȒȠȩȞȨȩȚȧ ȨȪȢȝȓȟȚȧ șȞ ȖȗȔȮȨȜȧ ǮȠȠȮȨȩȚ Ȝ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȞȖȩȜȦȚȔ ȚȡȫȖȢȚȔȧ ȱȠȚȧ ȩȞȧ ȪȥȤșȤȡȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȘȟȖȩȖȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȜȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȟȖȠȳșȞȖ ȥȖȦȤȬȓȧ ȜȠȚȟȩȦȞȟȤȲ ȦȚȲȡȖȩȤȧ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȩȦȒȬȤȪȢ ȤȠȱȟȠȜȦȜ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȩȞȧ ȟȤ ȠȳȢȚȧ ȜȠȚȟȩȦȤșȱȩȜȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȟȚȦȖȔȚȧ ȩȜȠȚȥȞȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȳȢ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ șȚȢ ȒȬȚȞ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȢȖ ȡȖȧ ȟȦȪȫȩȚȔ ȖȠȠȑ ȡȖȧ ȖȥȤȟȖȠȲȥȩȚȞ ȡȚ ȖȪȝȑșȚȞȖ ȩȖ ȨȥȠȑȬȢȖ ȩȜȧ ǽ ȥȞȤ ȟȖȔȦȞȖ ȚȦȳȩȜȨȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ Țȣȓȧ ȥȤȞȖ Ȝ ȝȒȨȜ ȩȤȪ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȨȩȜȢ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ǽ ȆȦȤ ȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȒȬȚȞ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȖȥȚȔ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȚȨȮȩȚȦȞȟȳȢ ȬȳȦȮȢ ȨȪȢșȚșȚȡȒȢȮȢ ȡȚ ȨȪȨȩȓȡȖȩȖ ȟȪ ȟȠȤȫȤȦȔȖȧ ȅȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȞ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȚȣȪȥȜȦȚȩȤȲȢ ȥȞȖ ȡȱȢȤ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȖȘȟȖȔȖ ȟȔȢȜȨȜ ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ Ȥ șȜȡȱ ȨȞȤȧ ȬȳȦȤȧ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȖȩѭ ȤȪȨȔȖȢ Ȥ șȦȱȡȤȧ ȅȞ șȦȱȡȤȞ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȘȚȡȑȩȤȞ țȮȓ ǷȪȩȓ Ȝ ȖȥȔȨȩȚȪȩȜ țȮȢȩȑȢȞȖ ȆȈȀȄǺȅǷȆȀǷȇǷ

99

100

learning from ATHENS

01

Ǽ ȄȅȃȆȋȄǽǾǼ ȄȃǿǼ

ȱȨȤȢ ȖȫȤȦȑ ȨȩȜȢ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȓ ȤȞȟȤșȱȡȜȨȜ ȗȦȔȨȟȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȩȞȨȩȤȞȬȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȒȢȩȤȢȜ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȓ țȮȓ ȥȤȪ ȟȪȦȞȖȦȬȚȔ ȨȩȤ șȦȱȡȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȖȢȖȡȚȞȘȢȲȤȢȩȖȞ ȥȢȚȲȡȖ ȖȠȠȜȠȚȘȘȲȜȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ ȨȪȢȖȠȠȖȘȓȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȖ ȚȥȔșȚȞȣȜȧ ȥȢȚȲȡȖ ȚȡȥȤȦȞȟȱ ȨȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȳȨȩȚ ȢȖ ȡȒȢȚȞ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȒȟȥȠȜȟȩȤȧ ȱȩȖȢ ȨȪȢȖȢȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȱ ȩȜȩȖ ȖȪȩȓ ǷȟȱȡȖ ȟȖȞ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȞ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȥȤȪ ȝȪȡȔțȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȓ ȥȠȖȩȚȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȥȦȤȟȲȭȚȞ ȩȪȬȖȔȖ Ȯȧ ȪȥȤȠȚȞȡȡȖȩȞȟȤȔ ȬȳȦȤȞ ȟȖȩȖȥȖȩȤȲȢȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȒȧ șȞȚȟșȞȟȓȨȚȞȧ ȟȖȞ ȱ ȩȞ ȖȥȤȡȒȢȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȖȪȩȤȲȧ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȥȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȥȑȠȞ ȨȚ ȬȳȦȤ ȟȔȢȜȨȜȧ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȤȗȖȦȑ ȥȤȠȪȫȪȠȚȩȞȟȓ dzȬȞ ȡȱȢȤ ȥȤȠȪȫȪȠȚȩȞȟȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȚȥȔȨȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȥȤȠȞȩȞ ȨȡȞȟȓ ǹȞѭ ȖȪȩȱ șȚȢ ȥȦȤȟȖȠȚȔ ȒȟȥȠȜȣȜ ȩȤ ȢȖ șȚȞ ȟȖȢȚȔȧ ȢȖȤȲȧ ȡȚȩȖȣȲ ȱȘȟȮȢ ȟȩȜȦȔȮȢ șȦȑȟȤȪȧ ȨȚ ȟȲȦȞ Țȧ ȠȚȮȫȱȦȤȪȧ ȨȜȡȖȔȚȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȳȢ ȚȝȢȞȟȤȩȓȩȮȢ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ Țȣ ȤȦȞȨȡȤȲ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤșȒȬȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȖȫȤȡȤȞȳȢȚȞ ȩȜ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ǽ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȚȫȚȲȦȚȨȜ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȮȢ Ȗȥȱ ȬȖȡȒȢȤȪȧ ȩȱȥȤȪȧ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȚȔȬȖȢ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȗȔȖ ȡȚȩȚȘȟȖȩȖȨȩȖȝȚȔ șȞȮȘȡȒȢȤȞ Ȥ ȒȢȖȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȑȠȠȤȢ ȥȚȞȢȖȨȡȒȢȤȞ ȭȑȬȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȘȞȖ ȚȦȘȖȨȔȖ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȩȤ ȟȖȩȖȫȲȘȞȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȖȢȤȬȓ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȨȪȢȲȥȖȦȣȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȂȓȥȮȧ ȱȡȮȧ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȔ ȩȜȧ ȘȞѭ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȠȱȘȤ șȚȢ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȣȚȞ ȩȜ ȨȪȢȚȔșȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȢȖȢȓȟȚȞȢ ȡȚ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȬȞȠȞȑșȚȧ ȚȢȞȟȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȡȤȦȫȳȢȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȩȚȠȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ǽ ȘȦȖȫȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ șȪȨȖȢȑȘȢȮȨȩȜ ȚȠȖȩȩȮȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȖȠȠȑ ȖȪȩȱ șȚȢ ȨȜȡȖȔȢȚȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȥȮȧ șȚȢ ȪȥȑȦȬȚȞ ȘȦȖȫȓ ȂȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȨȜȡȖȔȢȚȞ ȱȩȞ ȚȡȚȔȧ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȣȖȡȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȢȒȤ ȖȢȖȠȫȖȗȜȩȞȨȡȱ ȡȞȖ ȢȒȖ ȩȲȫȠȮȨȜ ǽ ȘȤȦȘȓ ȨȪȨȨȳȦȚȪȨȜ ȡȚȩȖȗȖȠȠȱȡȚȢȮȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȮȢ Ȝ ȖȥȱȩȤȡȜ ȖȨȪȢȒȬȚȞȖ ȨȚ ȱȨȖ ȖȦȥȑ țȚȞ ȡȔȖ ȡȖȩȞȑ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȖȥȦȤȨșȱȟȜȩȜ ȚȞȨȗȤȠȓ ȚȢȩȪȥȳȨȚȮȢ șȞȚȘȚȔȦȤȪȢ ȩȤ ȢȚȪȦȞȟȱ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȩȤȪ ȖȩȱȡȤȪ Ȯȧ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȳȩȚȦȚȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȡȒȬȦȞ ȢȖ ȫȩȑȨȚȞ ȨȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȟȤȦȚȨȡȤȲ ȉȖ ȢȚȲȦȖ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȖșȪȢȖȩȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞșȦȑȨȤȪȢ ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȱȥȤȧ ȖșȲȢȖȡȮȢ ȟȖȞ șȞȚȨȩȖȠȡȒȢȮȢ ȖȞȨȝȓȨȚȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞ ȫȒȦȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȥȖȦȖȔȨȝȜȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȢȜȝȞȨȡȒȢȤȪ ȂȱȢȤ ȪȥȤȡȤȢȚȩȞȟȓ ȚȣȒȩȖȨȜ ȖȥȤȟȖȠȲȥȩȚȞ ȩȖ ȝȒȡȖȩȖ ȩȖ ȨȮȡȖȩȔșȞȖ ȩȖ ȢȓȡȖȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȢ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȡȤȢȮȝȤȲȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȢȪȥȑȦȬȤȪȢ ȥȔȨȮ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜ ȫȖȞȢȤȡȚȢȞȟȓ ȨȲȘȬȪȨȜ

ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȤȦȞȨȩȞȟȱ ȝȑȢȖȩȤ ȩȤȪ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȤȲ ȀȖȞ ȖȢ ȢȖȞ ȘȞȖȩȔ dzȬȞ ȘȞȖȩȔ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȒȢȜ ѪȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȚȦȑȨȩȞȚȧ ȖȠȠȜȠȤȨȪȡȥȠȜȦȤȲȡȚȢȚȧ ȤȡȑșȚȧ ȘȦȖȫȚȞ ȤȟȦȖȩȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȮȢ ȟȖȩȚȪȝȲȢȤȪȢ ȖȫȑȢȩȖȨȩȚȧ ȦȤȒȧ ȪȠȞȟȳȢ ȚȢȒȦȘȚȞȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȬȦȓȡȖȩȤȧѪ ȖȠȠȑ Ȝ ȥȞȤ ȚȥȞȟȔȢșȪȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȥȞȤ ȚȪȬȑȦȞȨȩȜ ȖȢȖȟȑȠȪȭȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȮȧ Ȥ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȱȧ șȚȢ ȫȒȦȢȚȞ ȟȖȡȔȖ ȖȥȤȠȲȩȮȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȑ ȁȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȤȲȢ ѪȖȪȩȱ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȱȠȤ

ȆȈȀȄǺȅǷȆȀǷȇǷ

101

ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȡȔȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȨȚ ȥȠȓȦȜ ȒȟȦȜȣȜ ȖȥȤȨȥȖȨȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȚȣȖȞȩȔȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȱȢȞȡȜȧ ȡȚȩȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȨȲȘȟȦȤȪȨȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȳȢ ȥȖȦȑȥȠȚȪȦȮȢ ȚȣȤȪȨȞȳȢ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȤȦȘȑȢȮȨȜ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȓȟȚȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȮȩȤȥȤȦȔȖ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȖ ȡȚ ȩȞȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȒȬȤȪȢ șȤȡȜȝȚȔ ȗȑȨȚȞ ȩȤȪ șȞȟȩȲȤȪ ȩȮȢ ȡȢȜȡȚȔȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ ȘȠȪȥȩȳȢ ȩȤȪȧ ȈȚ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȨȜ ȡȚ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȩȞȧ ȠȖȩȦȚȪȩȞȟȒȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ șȞȖȟȦȔȢȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȜȧ ȡȜ ȠȖȩȦȚȔȖȧ ȈȩȜȢ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱ ȩȜȩȖ ȱȡȮȧ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨșȞȤȦȞȨȩȚȔ ȡȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȖȥȤȟȠȚȞȨȩȞȟȑ șȞȟȱ ȩȜȧ ȩȦȱȥȤ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ țȮȢȩȖȢȓ ȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȡȤȢȖșȞȟȱ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȨȪȘȟȦȱȩȜȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȢȱȠȤȪ ȩȜȧ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȡȚ ȢȖ ȥȤȲȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔ ȒȢȖ țȮȢȩȖȢȱ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ȂȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȬȮȦȔȧ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȜ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȥȖȢȩȤȲ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ ȖȥȤȘȪȡȢȮȡȒȢȜ Ȗȥȱ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȤ ȥȖ ȦȚȠȝȱȢ ȩȜȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȤȠȲ mȡȞȟȦȱ} ȨȚ ȨȬȒȨȜ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȥȖȦȱȢ ȩȜȧ ȂȚ ȪȥȤȠȚȞȡȡȖȩȞȟȤȲȧ șȜȡȱȨȞȤȪȧ ȬȳȦȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȖ ȖȩȒȦȡȤȢȜ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜ ȚȢȱȧ ȖȥȠȤȲ șȤȡȞȟȤȲ ȚȡȗȑȩȜ Ȥ ȤȥȤȔȤȧ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȚȔ Ȯȧ ȤȪșȒȩȚȦȤȧ ȫȤ ȦȒȖȧ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ ȩȜȧ țȮȓȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȪ ǻȢ ȩȤȲȩȤȞȧ Ȝ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ǷȝȓȢȖ șȚȢ șȤȡȓȝȜȟȚ ȚȣȖȦȬȓȧ ȨȲȡȫȮȢȖ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȡȤȢȩȒȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ ȤȲȩȚ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȤȩȒȠȚȨȡȖ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȤȲ ȟȖȞ ȪȠȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȜȧ ȨȟȒȭȜȧ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȩȒȠȜȣȚ ȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȚȣȖȞȩȔȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȤȪȨȔȖȧ ȡȞȖȧ ȞȨȬȪȦȓȧ ȟȚ ȢȩȦȞȟȓȧ ȚȣȤȪȨȔȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȢȱȧ ȨȬȚșȔȤȪ ȥȱȠȚȮȧ ǽ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȖ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȖȥȤȡȖȟȦȲȢȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȟȚȢȩȦȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȟȓ ȟȖȩȖȟȚȦȡȖȩȔțȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ șȞȖȡȤȞȦȑțȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȑȩȤȡȖ ǽ ȡȚȩȖȩȱȥȞȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȡȞȖ ȟȚȢȩȦȞ ȟȓ ȚȣȤȪȨȔȖ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȢȤȠȤ ȘȦȖȫȚȞȤȟȦȖȩȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȮȢ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜ ȨȪȢȒȬȚȞȖ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȔșȞȤȪȧ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔ ȟȤȪȧ șȞȖȡȱȦȫȮȨȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȟȖȞ ȨȪȢȩȚȠȒȨȩȜȟȚ ȨȚ ȩȦȔȖ ȚȥȔȥȚșȖ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜȧ ȈȚ ȥȦȳȩȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȩȤ ȨȬȒșȞȤ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȢȩȞȟȖȝȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖ ȞșȞȮȩȞȟȱ ȦȪȡȤȩȤȡȞȟȱ ȨȬȒșȞȤ ȩȤ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȤȦȔțȚȞ ȖȥȤȟȠȚȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȩȖ ȱȦȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȖȢȖȠȤȘȚȔ ȨȚ ȒȢȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȤ ȖȦȞȝȡȱ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ǷȫȤȲ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȤȦȞȨȩȚȔ ȤȞ ȞșȞȤȟȩȜȨȔȚȧ ȚȫȖȦȡȱțȚȩȖȞ ȒȢȖ ȨȲȨȩȜȡȖ ȖȪȩȤȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜȧ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ ȚȥȖȢȑȠȜȭȜȧ ȚȢȱȧ ȡȤȢȖșȞȖȔȤȪ ȩȲȥȤȪ ȠȤȘȞȟȓ ȥȤȪ ȚȡȫȖȢȔțȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȤȲȧ ȤȞȟȞȨȡȤȲȧ ǰȩȨȞ ȚȦȬȱȡȖȨȩȚ ȨȩȤ șȚȲȩȚȦȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜȧ ȱȥȤȪ ȩȖ ȤȞȟȱȥȚșȖ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȤȪ ȩȲȥȤȪ ȖȢȚȘȚȔȦȤȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȥȤȢȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȘȢȮȨȩȓ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ Ȝ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȩȜȧ ȤȥȤȔȖȧ ȚȥȞșȒȬȚȩȖȞ ȥȤȠȠȒȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȒȧ ȥȖȦȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȫȓȢȚ ȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȮȩȤȗȤȪȠȔȖ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȖȨȩȳȢ ȟȖȞ ȚȦȘȤȠȑȗȮȢ ȈȩȤ ȩȦȔȩȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȚȣȖȩȤȡȔȟȚȪȨȜȧ ȖȢȖȠȖȡ ȗȑȢȚȞ șȦȑȨȜ Ȥ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ Ȥ ȤȥȤȔȤȧ ȚȥȚȡȗȖȔȢȤȢȩȖȧ ȨȩȤ ȟȪȦȔȮȧ ȨȳȡȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȞȳȢ ȡȚ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȑȘȟȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȖȝȤȦȔțȚȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȩȜȢ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȢȖȥȩȲȨȨȚȩȖȞ Ȯȧ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȮȢ ȩȜȧ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȖȢȓȟȚȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȦȮȩȤȥȤȦȔȖ ǽ șȞȖȫȤȦȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠ ȠȑșȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȞȧ ȖȢȩȔȨȩȤȞȬȚȧ ȩȮȢ ȑȠȠȮȢ ȚȪȦȮȥȖȯȟȳȢ ȬȮȦȳȢ ȒȘȟȚȞȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȱȩȞ ȥȖȦȒȬȚȞ ȩȱȥȤ șȔȢȚȞ Ȭȳ ȦȤ ȒȢȖȪȨȡȖ ȨȩȤȢ ȥȤȠȔȩȜ ȩȤȢ ȚȢȚȦȘȤȥȤȞȚȔ ȡȒȨȮ ȩȜȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȑȧ ȩȤȢ ȮȝȚȔ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȤȢ ȨȪȡȡȚȦȞȨȡȱ ȀȖȞ ȡȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ Ȝ mȥȦȮȩȤȥȤȦȔȖ} ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠȠȑșȖ șȚȢ ȖȫȤȦȑ ȟȖȩѭ ȤȪȨȔȖȢ ȥȦȱȨȮȥȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȩȜȢ ȔșȞȖ ȩȜ șȦȑȨȜ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȑȨȩȖȨȜ ȥȖȦȖȘȮȘȓȧ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȟȖȝȖȪȩȓ ȟȖȝȱȩȞ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȠȜȥȩȱ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȒȠȚȪ ȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȤȲ ȨȪȡȗȑȢȩȤȧ șȚȢ ȝȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȥȖȦȒȘȟȠȞȩȖ ȪȥȱȝȚȨȜ ȩȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȖ ȚȞșȓȡȤȢȖ ȖȠȠȑ ȟȖȞ ȡȞȖȧ ȚȪȦȲȩȚȦȜȧ ȡȒȝȚȣȜȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȳȢ ȨȚ ȡȞȖ Țȥѭ ȑȥȚȞȦȤȢ ȩȚȠȚȞȤȥȤȞȓȨȞȡȜ șȜȡȤȟȦȖȩȔȖ ȈȩȜȢ ȚȥȤȬȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȖȘȟȤȨȡȞȤȥȤȔȜȨȜȧ ȥȤȪ șȞȖȢȲȤȪȡȚ ȱȥȤȪ Ȝ ȚȢȩȤȥȞȱȩȜȩȖ ȖȦȬȔțȚȞ ȢȖ ȫȝȚȔȦȚȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ Ȝ ȪȥȤȩȞȝȒȡȚȢȜ ȟȖȝȖȦȓ ȥȠȜȝȪȨȡȞȖȟȓ ȨȲȨȩȖȨȜ ȩȚȔȢȚȞ ȢȖ ȚȟȠȚȔȭȚȞ ȤȞ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȟȖȠȤȲȢȩȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȖȥȤ ȟȦȞȝȤȲȢ ȨȩȞȧ ȢȒȚȧ ȖȢȖȟȖȩȖȩȑȣȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȨȪȡȗȖȔȢȤȪȢ ȨȚ ȥȖȘȟȱȨȡȞȤ ȚȥȔȥȚșȤ ȈȪȢȚȥȳȧ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ Ȯȧ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȖȫȓȢȚȞ ȥȚȦȞȝȳȦȞȖ ȘȞȖ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȤȥȒȧ ȖȢȖȩȦȤȥȒȧ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȨȖȦȡȱțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȨȪȢȚȬȚȔȧ ȡȚȩȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȩȮȢ ȨȪȢȜȝȚȞȳȢ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓȧ țȮȓȧ ȨȩȤȢ ȢȤȡȖșȞȨȡȱ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȢȖȢȒȮȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȨȪȡȥȚȦȞ ȫȤȦȳȢ ȒȦȬȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȤ ȥȦȤȨȟȓȢȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȝȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ ȥȞȤ ȚȥȔȟȖȞȦȜ Ȗȥȱ ȥȤȩȒ ǽ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȔșȞȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȢȖ ȨȪȘȟȚȦȑțȚȞ ȟȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȫȤȡȤȞȳȢȚȞ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȒȧ șȞȖȫȤȦȚȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȚȣȖȨȫȖȠȔțȚȞ ȟȖȩѬ ȚȥȒȟȩȖȨȜ ȟȖȞ ȡȔȖ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȜ ȖȢȤȬȓ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȞȟȓ ȚȩȚȦȱȩȜȩȖ ǽ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȥȠȒȤȢ ȬȮȦȞȟȑ ȟȖȞ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȑ ȡȞȖ ȥȖȘȟȱȨȡȞȖ ȥȱȠȜ ȱȥȤȪ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔ ȡȔȖ ȥȤȠȲȡȤȦȫȜ ȥȤȠȪȫȪȠȚȩȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȪȝȦȜȨȟȚȪȩȞȟȓ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ + ǷȝȓȢȖ 102

learning from ATHENS

02 ȀȑȝȚ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȗȒȗȖȞȖ ȥȖȦȤȪȨȞȑțȚȞ ȖȥȤȟȠȔȨȚȞȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȥȦȱȩȪȥȤ ȟȖȝȳȧ ȱȩȖȢ ȩȤ șȚȲȩȚȦȤ ȡȚȩȖȫȒȦȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ ȟȱȨȡȤ ȩȜȧ ȢȤȜȩȞȟȓȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȓȧ ȨȩȤȢ ȟȱȨȡȤ ȩȤȪ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȤȲ ȒȦȬȚȩȖȞ ȖȢȩȞȡȒȩȮȥȤ ȡȚ ȡȞȖ ȥȠȜȝȳȦȖ ȚȣȮȘȚȢȳȢ ȥȖȦȖȘȱȢȩȮȢ ȎȨȩȱȨȤ ȖȢȩȔȨȩȦȤȫȖ ȡȚ ȗȑȨȜ ȩȤ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȡȚ ȢȖ ȚȥȞȬȚȞȦȓȨȤȪȡȚ ȢȖ ȟȑȢȤȪȡȚ ȡȔȖ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȨȩȞȟȓ ȖȥȤȩȔȡȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȝȚȮȦȔȖȧ ȉȤ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘ ȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȥȤȠȠȑ ȢȖ ȡȖȧ ȥȚȞ ǻȔȢȖȞ ȡȑȩȖȞȤ ȥȦȤȫȖȢȳȧ ȢȖ ȤȦȔȨȤȪȡȚ ȖȢ Ȝ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȩȖȣȞȢȤȡȜȝȚȔ ȨȩȞȧ ȚȪȩȪȬȞȨȡȒȢȚȧ ȓ ȨȩȞȧ șȪȨȩȪȬȞȨȡȒȢȚȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȖȢȑȡȚȨȖ ȨȩȞȧ ȱȡȤȦȫȚȧ ȓ ȨȩȞȧ ȠȞȘȱȩȚȦȤ ȚȠȟȪȨȩȞȟȒȧ ȥȦȮȩȚȲȤȪȨȚȧ ǺȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȩѭ ȖȪȩȒȧ ȩȞȧ șȲȤ ȟȖȩȜȘȤȦȔȚȧ ȡȖ ȨȚ șȲȤ ȑȠȠȚȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȨȪȢȚȬȔțȤȪȢ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȖ ȬȦȱȢȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȖȠȠȖȘȒȧ ȢȖ șȔȢȤȪȢ ȡȤȦȫȓ ȨȩȞȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ Ȩѭ ȚȟȚȔȢȚȧ ȨȩȞȧ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȤȞ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȚȔȩȚ ȟȖȩȤȦȝȳȢȤȪȢ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȞȦȒȨȤȪȢ ȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȔȩȚ ȢȖ ȖȢȖȞȦȚȝȤȲȢ ȤȞ ȔșȞȚȧ

ȇȃ ȄǷȅǷǹǺǽĪȀǷ ȇǼȆ ǷīǼȁǷȆ

ȖȢȑȘȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ Ȩѭ ȒȢȖȢ ȟȖȩȚȣȤȬȓȢ ȩȱȥȤ ȪȥȤșȤȬȓȧ Ȩѭ ȒȢȖ ȟȖȩȖȫȲȘȞȤ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȦȤȨȞșȞȑțȚȞ ȨȩȤ ȝȚȮȦȜȩȞȟȱ ȡȤȢȩȒȠȤ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȞȟȓȧ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȆȱȠȜȧ

ǽ ȆȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓ ȆȱȠȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȥȤȪ ȟȖȩȖȫȒȦȢȚȞ ȢȖ ȡȚȩȤȪȨȞȳȨȚȞ ȩȞȧ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȒȧ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȔȚȧ ȩȤȪ ȟȑȝȚ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪ ȈȩȤ ȥȖȦȑșȚȞȘȡȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ Ȝ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ ȖȦȬȓ ȠȖȡȗȑȢȚȞ ȬȳȦȖ ȗȔȖȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȖ ǽ ȟȖȝȜȡȚȦȞȢȓ ȚȡȥȚȞȦȔȖ ȨȪȢȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȒȢȖȢ ȟȖȩȖȞȘȞȨȡȱ Ȗȥȱ șȚȟȑșȚȧ ȘȚȘȤȢȱȩȖ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȤȟȩȤȲȢ ȬȮȦȞ ȟȓ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜ ǰȢȖ ȩȤȥȔȤ șȪȨ ȩȤȥȞȟȱ ȡȖȟȦȑȢ ȩȮȢ ȟȠȖȨȞȟȳȢ ȖȦȬȳȢ ȡȒȩȦȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȖȦȡȤȢȔȖȧ ȥȤȪ ȨȩȚȫȖ ȢȳȢȤȪȢ șȞȖȬȦȤȢȞȟȑ ȩȤ ȖȩȩȞȟȱ ȩȤȥȔȤ ȱȨȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȮȢ ȖȦȬȳȢ ȩȜȧ ȠȖȯȟȓȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȓ ȩȜȧ ȖȨȩȞȟȓȧ ȢȚȤȟȠȖȨȞȟȓȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȩȮȢ ȨȬȚȩȞȟȳȢ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȞȟȳȢ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȳȢ ǽ ȥȱȠȜ ȡȤȞȑțȚȞ ȡȚ ȒȢȖ ȑȩȖ ȟȩȤ ȨȪȢȤȝȲȠȠȚȪȡȖ ȖȩȤȡȞȟȳȢ ȚȢȚȦȘȚȞȳȢ ȥȤȪ ȥȖȦȖȩȔȝȚȢȩȖȞ ȖȨȫȪȟȩȞȟȑ ȓ ȖȝȦȤȔțȤȢȩȖȞ ȚȥȞȩȖȟȩȞȟȑ ǽ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȔȖ ȚȥȒȡȗȖȨȜȧ ȩȤȪ ȚȢȱȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȫȩȑȨȚȞ ȨȚ ȨȜȡȚȔȤ ȢȖ ȟȖȩȖȥȖȩȑ ȩȤȢ ȬȳȦȤ ȩȤȪ ȑȠȠȤȪ ȡȚ ȟȲȦȞȤ ȖȢȩȔȟȩȪȥȤ ȩȤ șȜȡȱȨȞȤ ȬȳȦȤ ǽ ȖȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȜ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȔȖ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȓȧ ȒȟȫȦȖȨȜȧ ȒȬȚȞ ȤșȜȘȓȨȚȞ ȨȚ ȟȖ ȩȖȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȚȠȚȪȝȚȦȞȱȩȜȩȖȧ ǽ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȢȖ ȖȪȩȤȖȢȖȞȦȚȔȩȖȞ ǷȥȦȤȨșȱȟȜȩȖ Ȝ țȮȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȫȖȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȢȖ ȩȦȒȫȚȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȚȥȞȟȦȖȩȤȲȨȖ ȖȩȖȣȔȖ ȉȖȪ ȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȱȡȮȧ ȱȥȮȧ ȟȑȝȚ ȩȞ ȑȠȠȤ ȨȩȜ ȫȲȨȜ ȒȢȖ ȫȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȤ ȱȩȖȢ ȗȦȔȨȟȚȩȖȞ ȨȚ ȒȢȩȖȨȜ ȫȝȚȔȦȚȩȖȞ ȅȞ ȚȞȟȱȢȚȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȤȪ ȖȥȱȠȪȩȤȪ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȤȲ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȥȖȦȖșȚȔȘȡȖȩȖ ȩȜȧ ȞȟȖȢȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȢȖ ȡȚȩȖȩȦȒȥȚȩȖȞ ȥȦȤȤșȚȪȩȞȟȑ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȤȠȠȖȥȠȒȧ șȪȢȖȩȱȩȜȩȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȩȖȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȢȩȦȤȥȔȖȧ ȉȤ ȨȲȡȥȖȢ ȩȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȖȢȩȔȝȚȩȖ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤ ȖȨȩȦȞȟȱ șȚȢ ȖȥȖȞȩȚȔ ȡȞȖ ȡȖȝȜȡȖȩȞȟȓ ȩȚȠȚȞȱȩȜ ȩȖ ȟȞȢȓȨȚȮȢ ȘȞȖ ȢȖ ȖȢȩȞȨȩȒȟȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȢȩȦȤȥȔȖ ǷȩȖȣȔȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȤȡȤȞȤȡȤȦȫȔȖ ȚȩȚȦȤȘȒȢȚȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȩȤ ȨȬȚșȞȖȨȡȱȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȞșȞȟȓ ȥȚȦȔȥȩȮȨȜ ȟȑȝȚ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȨȪȢȞȨȩȤȲȢ ȩȜȢ ȞșȞȖȔȩȚȦȜ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȱ ȩȞ ȩȜȢ șȔȢȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȖ ȡȞȖ ȞșȞȱȡȤȦȫȜȧ ȡȜȩȒȦȖȧ ȩȮȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȳȢ ȩȜȧ ǻȞșȑȠȠȮȧ ȟȖȩȖȢȩȑȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȤȪșȒȩȚ ȦȜ ȟȠȮȨȨȤȡȜȬȖȢȓ ȥȤȪ ȖȥȠȳȧ ȠȚȞȩȤȪȦȘȚȔ ȖșȞȑȫȤȦȜ ȥȦȤȧ ȩȖ ȟȑȝȚ ȠȤȘȓȧ ȩȚȟȩȖȞȢȱȡȚȢȖ ȚȢȩȱȧ ȩȜȧ

ȀȑȠȡȥȖȦȜ ȌȦȞȨȩȔȢȖ ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȃȩȑȫȠȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ȨȚȠ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǷȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȤ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢ Ȥȥ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȀȄǺȅǷȆȀǷȇǷ

103

104

learning from ATHENS

03 ȈȩȞȧ ȡȒȦȚȧ ȡȖȧ Ȝ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ șȚȢ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȟȑȩȞ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȖȥȤșȤȝȚȔ ȡȚ ȒȢȖȢ ȩȦȱ ȥȤ ȈȓȡȚȦȖ Ȝ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȚȣȚȦȚȪȢȑ ȩȤ ȑȨȜȡȤ ȖȢȖțȜȩȑ ȩȤ ȥȖȦȖșȤȨȞȖȟȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȘȟȤȨȡȞȤȥȤȞȜȡȒȢȜ ȩȖȪȩȱȩȜȩȑ ȩȜȧ ȟȖȩȖȦȘȚȔ ȩȤȢ ȩȤȥȞȟȞȨȡȱ ȝȖȪȡȑțȚȞ ȩȤ ȖȞȳȢȞȤ ȟȖȞ ȩȖȪȩȱȬȦȤȢȖ ȖȟȤȠȤȪȝȚȔ ȒȢșȤȣȚȧ ȤȪȩȤȥȔȚȧ ǷȢ ȩȖȪȩȔțȤȪȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȡȚ ȩȜȢ ȚȣȖȔȨȞȖ ȖȢȝȚȟȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ șȞȑȦȟȚȞȖ ȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȮȢ ȡȚȡȤȢȮȡȒȢȮȢ ȟȩȞȦȔȮȢ ȤȦȞȨȡȒȢȮȢ ȖȦȞȨȩȤȪȦȘȜȡȑȩȮȢ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȥȖȦȖșȚȬȩȤȲ ȡȚ ȱȩȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȚȔșȤȧ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȒȥȖȞȣȚ ȡȞȟȦȱ ȦȱȠȤ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȨȩȖȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȈȩȤȢ ȖȢȩȔȥȤșȖ ȩȤ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȚȔȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȚȧ ȟȖȩȖȨȟȚȪȒȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȒȬȤȪȢ ȟȖȩȖȠȑȗȚȞ ȩȜȢ ȒȢȢȤȞȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȤ ȦȱȠȤ ȩȤȪ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȤȲ ȒȦȘȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȥȖȦȖșȱȣȮȧ ȪȥȤȩȞȡȳȢȩȖȞ ȟȖȞ ȥȖȦȖȡȒȢȤȪȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȫȑȢȚȞȖ ǽ ȨȪȢȚȞșȜȩȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȩȮȢ ȬȮȦȞȟȳȢ ȥȤȞȤȩȓȩȮȢ ȩȜȧ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ Ȝ ȖȨȬȚșȔȖȨȩȜ ȟȖȞ ȜȡȞȩȚȠȓȧ ȟȖȩȑȨȩȖȨȓ ȩȜȧ Ȝ ȖȡȤȦȫȔȖ Ȥ ȚȥȚȞȨȤșȞȖȟȱȧ ȟȖȞ ȚȫȓȡȚȦȤȧ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȓȦȖȧ ȩȜȧ Ȝ ȥȦȮȩȖȦȬȞȟȱȩȖȩȖ ȩȜȧ șȦȖȨȩȜȦȞȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȬȖȦȖȟȩȜȦȞȨȩȞȟȑ ȥȤȪ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȝȞȨȩȤȲȢ ȑȣȞȖ ȥȦȤȧ ȡȚȠȒȩȜ ȉȖ ȥȖȦȖȥȑȢȮ șȚȢ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȤșȜȘȓȨȤȪȢ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȞȨȝȜȩȞȟȤȥȤȔȜȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȖȩȖȣȔȖȧ ȩȤȪ ȬȑȤȪȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȧ ȬȖȠȖȦȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȨȩȜȢ ȚȣȞșȖȢȔȟȚȪȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȖȥȤȪȨȔȖȧ ȤȦȘȑȢȮȨȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȪȥȤșȤȡȳȢ ȨȩȤ ȨȪȢȚȬȞțȱȡȚȢȤ ȚȣȤȨȩȦȖȟȞȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ dzȡȮȧ ȡȞȖ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȥȤȪ ȚȥȞȝȪȡȚȔ ȩȤ ȨȪȨȬȚȩȞȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȡȚ ȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȖȠȓȝȚȞȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȚȥȞțȜȩȑ ȩȜȢ ȖȥȤȟȑȠȪȭȜ ȩȜȧ ȚȘȘȚȢȤȲȧ șȪ ȢȖȡȞȟȱȩȜȩȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȀȖȝȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ ȖȢȖȘȟȖȔȤ Ȥ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȖȧ ȢȖ ȨȩȦȖȫȚȔ ȨȩȤ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȱ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ

ǷȁǷȆȇȃȉǷȆȀȃǽ

£

ǻȔȢȖȞ ȥȖȨȞȫȖȢȒȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȜȢ ȥȖȦȖȩȓȦȜȨȜ ȩȮȢ ǷȝȜȢȳȢ ȱȩȞ Ȝ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ șȚȢ ȚȣȖȦ ȩȑȩȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȚȧ ȖȠȠȑ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȪȫȔȨȩȖȩȖȞ ȚȢȩȱȧ ȩȤȪ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞ ȡȒȢȤȪ ȖȪȩȤȲ ȥȤȪ ȝȖ ȡȥȤȦȤȲȨȖȡȚ ȢȖ ȖȥȤȟȖȠȒȨȤȪȡȚ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȥȖȦȑșȤȨȜ ǷȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȤ ȥȤȪ ȒȬȚȞ ȥȦȤȟȲȭȚȞ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȑȘȟȜ ȟȖȞ ȖȪȝȤȦȡȜȩȞȨȡȱ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȖȪȩȱ ȥȤȪ ȩȚȠȞȟȳȧ ȫȖȢȚ ȦȳȢȚȞ ȩȤ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȞȢȤ ȟȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢ ȨȩȤ ȨȪȘȟȚȟȦȞȡȒȢȤ ȬȮȦȞȟȱ ȥȠȖȔȨȞȤ ȥȤȪ ȫȖȢȚȦȳȢȚȞ ȩȤȢ ȩȦȱȥȤ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȤȥȤȔȤ ȤȞ ȟȑȩȤȞȟȤȞ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȖȠȠȜȠȚȥȞșȦȤȲȢ ȡȚ ȩȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȘȲȦȮ ȩȤȪȧ ȂȒȨȖ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȓ ȩȜȢ ȟȖȩȑ ȨȩȖȨȜ ȥȤȞȤȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȚȠȞȟȑ Ȥ ȦȱȠȤȧ ȚȢȱȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȖ ȂȓȥȮȧ ȤȥȤȞȖșȓȥȤȩȚ ȡȚȠȒȩȜ ȓ ȨȬȒșȞȤ ȝȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȗȖȨȔțȚȩȖȞ ȨȩȞȧ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȑȘȦȞȚȧ ȚȦȡȜȢȚȔȚȧ ȱȠȮȢ ȖȪȩȳȢ ȩȮȢ ȟȖȩȖȨȩȑȨȚȮȢ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȤȟȲȥȩȤȪȢ ȖȪȝȱȦȡȜȩȖ ȂȓȥȮȧ ȝȖ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȖțȜȩȓȨȤȪȡȚ ȩȖ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȑ șȞșȑȘȡȖȩȖ ȩȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȂȓȥȮȧ ȓȦȝȚ Ȝ ȨȩȞȘȡȓ Ȥ ȖȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȖȧ ȢȖ ȖȫȤȪȘȟȦȖȨȩȚȔ ȩȞȧ ȖȣȔȚȧ țȮȓȧ ȩȖ ȢȤȓȡȖȩȖ ȟȖȞ ȩȜ ȨȪȡȗȤȠȞȟȓ ȩȤȪ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȥȤȪ ȪȥȤȗȱȨȟȤȪȢ ȨȚ ȖȪȩȱ ȩȤ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȤ ȩȤ ȖȥȖȢȩȖȬȤȲ ȥȖȦȱȢ ȉȤ șȤȡȜȡȒȢȤ ȥȚȦȞȗȑȠȠȤȢ ȩȜȧ ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜȧ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȚȔȢȖȞ ȩȤ ȠȔȟȢȤ ȱȥȤȪ ȟȪȤȫȤȦȚȔȩȖȞ Ȝ ȚȥȳȢȪȡȜ ȒȢȩȚȬȢȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȂȞȖ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȥȤȪ ȥȦȒȥȚȞ ȢȖ ȖȢȖțȜȩȑ ȩȤȢ ȬȖȡȒȢȤ ȩȜȧ ȚȖȪȩȱ ȨȩȤ ȦȚȖȠȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȠȓȝȚȞȖ ȨȚ ȤȩȞșȓȥȤȩȚ ȥȖȦȑȘȚȩȖȞ ȡȒȨȖ Ȗȥȱ ȨȲȢȩȤȡȚȧ ȓ ȖȦȘȒȧ șȞȖșȞȟȖȨȔȚȧ ȥȤȪ Ȝ ȔșȞȖ Ȝ ȥȱȠȜ ȚȥȞȩȦȒȥȚȞ ȂȞȖ ȩȒȩȤȞȖ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȥȤȪ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȢȖ ȥȦȤȨȚȘȘȔȨȚȞ ȩȤ ȥȢȚȲȡȖ ȩȤȪ ȩȱȥȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȞȧ ȨȬȒȨȚȞȧ ȥȤȪ ȨȪȢșȒȤȪȢ ȩȤȢ ȥȤȠȞȩȞȨȡȱ ȟȖȞ ȩȜȢ ȟȤȞȢȮȢȔȖ ȡȚ ȩȤȢ ȔșȞȤ ȩȤȢ ȩȱȥȤ ȡȥȤȦȚȔ ȖȢȤȔȣȚȞ ȡȞȖ ȤȪȨȞȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȨȪțȓȩȜȨȜ ȘȲȦȮ Ȗȥȱ șȞȚȝȢȚȔȧ ȥȦȤȗȠȜȡȖȩȞȟȒȧ ȤȞ ȤȥȤȔȚȧ ȖȫȤȦȤȲȢ ȨȩȞȧ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȨȩȤȪȧ ȨȜȡȚȦȞȢȤȲȧ ȩȱȥȤȪȧ țȮȓȧ ȩȮȢ ȖȢȝȦȳȥȮȢ ȂȞȖ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȟȖȞ ȚȥȔȟȖȞȦȜ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤ ȢȞȟȓ ȱȥȤȪ Ȝ ȥȦȖȘȡȖȩȞȟȱȩȜȩȖ ȘȔȢȚȩȖȞ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȱ ȚȦȘȖȠȚȔȤ

5LFKDUG :RGLWVFK + ȖȢȳȢȪȡȜ ȥȖȦȑșȤȨȜ ȩȜȧ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖȧ 0$'( ,1 $7+(16 Ȥ ȥ ȨȚȠ ȆȈȀȄǺȅǷȆȀǷȇǷ

105

106

learning from ATHENS

107

ǻȁȁǽȃǿȀǽ ǸǿǸȁǿȅǹȇǷȋǿǷ B ǷȔȨȮȥȤȧ ǹȞȑȢȢȜȧ ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȚȥȞȡȒȠȚȞȖ ǽ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ȂǻȉǷȆȅȁǿȈ

B ǷȢșȦȚȑșȜ ǹȞȑȢȢȖ ǷȝȓȢȖ ǾȒȖ ȥȖȦȑȝȪȦȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȥȱȠȜ ǷǹȇǷ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ǺȚȨȥȤȩȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǿȮȑȢȢȜȧ ǽ ȞșȚȤȠȤȘȞȟȓ șȤȡȓ ȩȮȢ ȥȱȠȚȮȢ ȆȖȢȚȥȞȨȩȜȡȞȖȟȒȧ ȚȟșȱȨȚȞȧ ǻȂȆ ǷȝȓȢȖ

B ǺȦȖȘȳȢȖȧ ȆȑȢȤȧ ȈȟȞȑșȖ ǮȢȢȖ ȚȥȔȩȦȤȥȤȞ 0DGH LQ $WKHQV Ȝ ǺȞȚȝȢȓȧ ǰȟȝȚȨȜ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ B ȀȑȠȡȥȖȦȜ ȌȦȞȨȩȔȢȖ ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȃȩȑȫȠȤȧ ȚȥȞȡȒȠȚȞȖ ǽ ȡȚȩȑȗȖȨȜ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ )XWXUD B ȀȤȪȡȥȓȧ ȉȑȟȜȧ ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ 6FRIILHU 5LFKDUG ȚȥȔȩȦȤȥȤȞ $WKHQV $EVROXWH 5HDOLVP Ȝ ǺȞȚȝȢȓȧ ǰȟȝȚȨȜ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓȧ ȂȥȞȚȢȑȠȚ ǸȚȢȚȩȔȖȧ B ȁȒȫȖȧ ȆȖȲȠȤȧ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȟȖȞ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȜȨȜ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȢ +HLGHJJHU ȨȩȤȢ .RROKDDV ȆȠȒȝȦȤȢ B ȁȒȫȖȧ ȆȖȲȠȤȧ ȚȥȞȡȒȠȚȞȖ ǷȲȦȞȤ ȤȞ ȥȱȠȚȞȧ ȆȠȒȝȦȤȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȂȖȦȡȖȦȑȧ ǻȡȡȖȢȤȪȓȠ ǽ ȖȨȩȞȟȓ ȥȤȠȪȟȖȩȤȞȟȔȖ ȩȜȧ ȡȚȨȤȥȤȠȚȡȞȟȓȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ ǻȉǸǷ ȆȅȁǿȉǿȈȉǿȀȅ ȉǻȌȃȅȁȅǹǿȀȅ ǿǺȇȊȂǷ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǺȞȚȠȚȲȨȚȞȧ 0(7$32/,6 SUHVV ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȈȜȡȖȞȤȫȤȦȔșȜȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ )UDQFHVFR ,QIXVVL ȆȦȱȘȦȖȡȡȖ ǽȦȖȟȠȓȧ ȤȞ ȥȦȤȟȠȓȨȚȞȧ ȩȜȧ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ǺȞȚȝȢȒȧ ȈȪȢȒșȦȞȤ ǻȝȢȞȟȱ DzșȦȪȡȖ ǻȦȚȪȢȳȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȂȖȯȤȪ B ȈȩȚȫȑȢȤȪ ǿȤȪȠȔȖ ȈȩȚȫȑȢȤȪ ǿȮȨȓȫ ȆȚȦȞȘȦȖȫȓ ȩȜȧ ȚȞȟȱȢȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȆȖȢȚȥȞȨȩȜȡȞȖȟȒȧ ȚȟșȱȨȚȞȧ ǻȂȆ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȈȪȠȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȒȦȘȤ ǷȝȓȢȖ șȞȖșȦȤȡȒȧ ȟȖȞ ȨȩȑȨȚȞȧ ȚȟșȱȨȚȞȧ ȆȖȩȑȟȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȈȪȠȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȒȦȘȤ ǰȢȖ ȡȒȠȠȤȢ ȘȞȖ ȩȜȢ ǷȝȓȢȖ ǻȟșȱȨȚȞȧ ȆȖȥȖțȓȨȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȈȪȠȠȤȘȞȟȱ ȒȦȘȤ ǽ ȚȞȟȱȢȖ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȆȤȩȖȡȱȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȉȤȪȦȢȞȟȞȳȩȜȧ ȆȖȢȖȘȞȳȩȜȧ ǽ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȨȩȜ ȨȲȘȬȦȤȢȜ ȚȥȤȬȓ )XWXUD ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȉȦȞȖȢȩȖȫȲȠȠȤȪ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǷȦȬȒȩȪȥȖ Ȁ Ƿșȑȡ ȚȟșȤȩȞȟȓ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ǹȞȖ ȩȜȢ ȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ȥȱȠȜ ǾȚȡȒȠȞȤ ǷȝȓȢȖ B ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ǻȫȓȡȚȦȜ ȟȖȞ ǷȞȳȢȞȖ ǷȝȓȢȖ ȆȤȠȞȩȞȨȩȞȟȱ DzșȦȪȡȖ ȅȡȔȠȤȪ ȆȚȞȦȖȞȳȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ

B ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ȃȚȤȚȠȠȜȢȞȟȓ ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȂȒȠȞȨȨȖ ǷȝȓȢȖ

108

learning from ATHENS

ȄǻȃȅǹȁȎȈȈǽ ǸǿǸȁǿȅǹȇǷȋǿǷ B %XUJHO *X\ ǷȝȓȢȖ Ȝ ȖȢȑȥȩȪȣȜ ȡȞȖȧ ȡȚȨȤȘȚȞȖȟȓȧ ȥȦȮȩȚȲȤȪȨȖȧ ȡȚȩȑȫȦȖȨȜ ȆȒȩȦȤȧ ȇȪȠȡȱȢ ǻȣȑȢȩȖȧ ǷȝȓȢȖ B +DEUDNHQ -RKQ 7KH 6WUXFWXUH RI WKH 2UGLQDU\ )RUP DQG &RQWURO LQ WKH %XLOW (QYLURQPHQW 0,7 3UHVV &DPEULGJH DQG /RQGRQ B .RROKDDV 5HP 'HOLULRXV 1HZ <RUN D UHWURDFWLYH 0DQLIHVWR IRU 0DQKDWWDQ 7KH 0RQDFHOOL 3UHVV 1HZ <RUN B /D &HFOD )UDQFR ǻȢȑȢȩȞȖ ȨȩȜȢ ȖȦȬȞȩȚȩȤȢȞȟȓ ȡȚȩȑȫȦ ȃȞȟȱȠȖȧ ȂȞȩțȑȠȜȧ ȉȅ Ǻȅȃȉǿ ǷȝȓȢȖ B /\QFK .HYLQ 7KH LPDJH RI WKH FLW\ 0,7 SUHVV &DPEULGJH B 1RUEHUJ Ѫ 6FKXO] &KULVWLDQ *HQLXV /RFL ȉȤ ȥȢȚȲȡȖ ȩȤȪ ȩȱȥȤȪ ȡȚȩȑȫȦȖȨȜ Ȃ ȋȦȖȘȟȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ȆȖȢȚȥȞȨȩȜȡȞȖȟȒȧ ȚȟșȱȨȚȞȧ ǻȂȆ ǷȝȓȢȖ B 6LPPHO *HRUJH ǽ ȭȪȬȓ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȡȚȩȑȫȦȖȨȜ ȁȪȟȞȖȦșȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǹȚȦȑȨȞȡȤȧ ǻȇǷȈȂȅȈ B 9HQWXUL 5REHUW &RPSOH[LW\ DQG &RQWUDGLFWLRQ LQ $UFKLWHFWXUH 7KH PXVHXP RI 0RGHUQ $UW 3D SHUV RQ $UFKLWHFWXUH 1< B 9HQWXUL 5REHUW 'HQLVH 6FRWW %URZQ 6WHYHQ ,]HQRXU /HDUQLQJ IURP /DV 9HJDV 7KH 0,7 SUHVV

B :DOWHU %HQMDPLQ ȂȤȢȱșȦȤȡȤȧ ȚȥȞȡȒȠȚȞȖ ȈȖȘȟȦȞȳȩȜȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǮȘȦȖ

ǷȀǷǺǽȂǷǿȀǻȈ ǻȇǹǷȈǿǻȈ B ȈȔȡȤȪ ǷȞȟȖȩȚȦȔȢȜ ǷȪȝȖȞȦȚȨȔȚȧ ȆȖȢȚȥȞȨȩȓȡȞȤ ȆȖȩȦȳȢ ȇȔȤ B ȈȟȤȦșȤȲȠȜ ȂȖȦȔȖ ȀȖȩȳȫȠȞȖ ȥȚȦȞȥȠȑȢȜȨȜȧ ȨȩȤ ȒȦȘȤ ȩȤ %HQMDPLQ :DOWHU ȆȤȠȪȩȚȬȢȚȔȤ ȀȦȓȩȜȧ

B ȈȮȩȜȦȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȞȤȧ $WKHQV FLW\ RI DUFKLWHFWXUHV 78 'HOIW B ȌȖȩțȜȗȖȨȞȠȚȔȤȪ ǷȢȩȳȢȞȤȧ ǽ ǷȪȝȖȔȦȚȩȜ ǺȱȡȜȨȜ ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠȠȑșȖ ȡȞȖ șȞȚȦȚȲȢȜȨȜ ȆȑȩȦȖ B ȌȦȞȨȩȤȥȤȲȠȤȪ ǷȞȟȖȩȚȦȔȢȜ ǽ ȩȖȦȑȩȨȖ ȆȖȢȚȥȞȨȩȓȡȞȤ ȆȖȩȦȳȢ ȇȔȤ

109

ȆǻȇǿȅǺǿȀǷ B ǷȦȬȞȩȒȟȩȤȢȚȧ ȩȚȲȬȤȧ B ǷȦȬȞȩȚȟȩȤȢȞȟȑ ǾȒȡȖȩȖ ȩȚȲȬȤȧ B ǾȒȡȖȩȖ ȬȳȦȤȪ ȟȖȞ ȩȚȬȢȳȢ ȩȚȲȬȤȧ B Ȁȉǿȇǿȅ ȒȟșȤȨȜ ȘȞȖ ȩȖ ȬȦȱȢȞȖ B /,)2 ǽ ȞȨȩȤȦȔȖ ȡȞȖȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȩȚȲȬȤȧ

ǺǿǷȁǻȄǻǿȈ B ǺȦȖȘȳȢȖȧ ȆȑȢȤȧ 0DGH LQ $WKHQV B ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ ǷȢȚȣȒȠȚȘȟȩȤ ȀȖȩȤȞȟȚȔȢ B ȂȤȪȩȨȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ ǾȖȢȑȨȜȧ $WKHQV $EVROXWH 5HDOLVP B ȇȤțȑȢȜȧ ȈȩȒȫȖȢȤȧ ǷȢȖțȜȩȳȢȩȖȧ ȚȟșȤȬȒȧ ȩȜȧ ȡȚȘȖȠȤȲȥȤȠȜȧ B ȉțȞȦȩțȞȠȑȟȜȧ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ȀȑȩȤȞȟȤȧ ȩȜȧ ǷȝȓȢȖȧ B ȋȞȠȞȥȥȔșȜȧ ǺȜȡȓȩȦȜȧ ǽ ȥȤȠȚȤșȤȡȔȖ ȨȩȜȢ ǻȠȠȑșȖ

ǺǿǷǺǿȀȉȊǷȀǻȈ ȆǽǹǻȈ B KWWSV KXESDJHV FRP HGXFDWLRQ /HDUQLQJ IURP /DV 9HJDV B KWWS ZHEWY HUW JU QWRNLPDQWHU GHN DSR WRQ NDOOLNUDWL VWRQ NDODWUDYD B KWWSV LVVXX FRP SODYB GRFV SHULSWHUR B KWWS ZZZ SRLQWVXSUHPH FRP FRQWHQW UHVHDUFK DWKHQV UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ KWPO B ZZZ JHRUJHVVDODPHK EORJVSRW JU B ZZZ MHIIYDQGHUSRRO FRP B ZZZ GLPLWULRV SRUWIROLR FRP B ZZZ NDWKLPHULQL JU

110

learning from ATHENS

Ʌȸȳȵɇ ȵȻȾɃɁɏɁ ȅȞ ȫȮȩȤȘȦȖȫȔȚȧ ȟȖȞ ȩȖ ȟȤȠȑț ȥȤȪ șȚȢ ȚȬȤȪȢ ȖȦȔȝȡȜȨȜ ȚȔȢȖȞ Ȗȥȱ ȥȦȤȨȮȥȞȟȱ ȡȖȧ ȖȦȬȚȔȤ ȅȞ ȫȮȩȤȘȦȖȫȔȚȧ ȡȚ KDVKWDJ ȖȥȤȩȚȠȤȲȢ ȫȮȩȤȘȦȖȫȔȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȩȤȪȧ ȟȖȩȤȔȟȤȪȧ ȩȜȧ ȔșȞȖȧ ȩȜȧ ȥȱȠȜȧ ȟȖȞ ȖȢȖțȜȩȓȝȜȟȖȢ ȨȩȖ ȂȒȨȖ ȀȤȞȢȮȢȞȟȓȧ ǺȞȟȩȲȮȨȜȧ KWWS ZZZ NDWKLPHULQL JU DUWLFOH SROLWLVPRV SROK HSHQG\VK VWR PLNURNOLPD JLD WK PHJDOK HLNRQD ȈȥȲȦȤȧ ǸȖȨȞȠȚȔȤȪ $FURSROLV ȈȥȲȦȤȧ ǸȖȨȞȠȚȔȤȪ ȇȤț ǷȝȓȢȖ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ $WKHQV 6SUHDG SKRWRJUDSK\ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ȀȮȢȨȩȖȢȩȔȢȤȧ ȆȖȥȖșȜȡȜȩȦȔȤȪ LQVWDJUDP DNLVBSG ȀȮȢȨȩȖȢȩȔȢȤȧ ȆȖȥȖșȜȡȜȩȦȔȤȪ Ȥ ȥ ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȈȥȖȝȓȧ LQVWDJUDP VSDWKXPSD ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ KWWS ZZZ MHIIYDQGHUSRRO FRP DWKHQV ULVHV ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ KWWS ZZZ SRLQWVXSUHPH FRP FRQWHQW UHVHDUFK DWKHQV UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ KWPO

KWWSV LVVXX FRP NDWHULQDBVDQG\BIRUNLQGLR GRFV E KWWS ZZZ GRPXVZHE LW HQ DUFKLWHFWXUH IURP GRP LQR WR HP SRO\NDWRLNLD HP KWPO ǻȣȳȫȪȠȠȤ ȗȞȗȠȔȤȪ 7KH JUHDW FLWLHV $7+(16 ǺȜȡȓȩȦȞȤȧ ȈȮȩȜȦȱȥȤȪȠȤȧ $WKHQV URRIV SKRWRJUDSK\ ǹȞȳȦȘȤȧ ǹȚȦȱȠȪȡȥȤȧ Ȥ ȥ KWWS ZZZ SRLQWVXSUHPH FRP FRQWHQW UHVHDUFK DWKHQV UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ KWPO

ȀȳȨȩȖȧ ȈȥȖȝȓȧ LQVWDJUDP VSDWKXPSD ǻȞȟȱȢȚȧ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȖțȓȩȜȨȜ ȨȚ JRRJOH LPDJHV ǻȞȟȱȢȖ Ȗȥȱ ȖȢȖțȓȩȜȨȜ ȨȚ JRRJOH LPDJHV

111