Horizon Summer 2013

SUMMER

2013

Kalispel Tribe’s Culture of Buffalo

Hometown Brew

Local crafters make their own beer

Powerhouse Real Estate

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4 A hopping good brew Local brewery mixes up some one-of-a-kind refreshment

8 Historic powerhouse Brick structure’s future is on the market

12 Buffalo culture Kalispel Tribe’s herd keeps tradition alive

16 History in the making County museum records the past

20 Pacific trail

Adventure abounds through the Northwest

A

Editor’s Note:

t the height of summer we thought we’d take a step outside and talk about outdoor recreation. In this issue of Horizon, we explore the Pacific Northwest Trail and all it has to offer.

Off-highway vehicle riders are now free to move about the county. Washington state law and the county commissioners expanded where off-roaders can go, making the great landscapes of Pend Oreille more accessible.

And what’s better on a hot day than a cold brew? We visit with the guys behind Hopping Frog Brewery, the first enterprise of its kind in Pend Oreille County.

We also take a look at the history of our region. The Pend Oreille County Historical Museum will soon be going through some changes, which we explore.

Also the history of the Kalispel Tribe includes the story of the great buffalo. We talk with the tribe to learn about the animal and how they enhance life for the Kalispels.

We hope you enjoy this latest edition of Horizon.

-MCN

Community Horizon PUBLISHED: July 2013 PUBLISHER: Fred Willenbrock WRITERS & EDITORS: Desireé Hood, Janelle Atyeo, Don Gronning and Michelle Nedved DESIGN: Michelle Nedved, Charisse Neufeldt, Pandi Gruver ADVERTISING: Lindsay Guscott, Cindy Boober and Susan Willenbrock

HORIZON is published quarterly as a supplement to The Newport Miner and Gem State Miner, 421 S. Spokane, Newport WA 99156.

TELEPHONE: 509-447-2433 E-MAIL: theminer@povn.com.

FAX: 509-447-9222 Reproduction of articles & photographs is prohibited without permission of the publisher. See all issues at The Miner Online: www.pendoreillerivervalley.com Summer 2013|Horizon 3

Horizon photo|Janelle Atyeo

Mike Brown, left, Casey Brooks and Scott Hilton stand before the mash tun after brewing one June weekend. Also behind Hopping Frog Brewery are Pat Buckley and Marty Robinson.

New brew

Pend Oreille County’s first craft brewery opens in the Deer Valley

BY JANELLE ATYEO

S

ummer is the perfect time to sit back and

Robinson said it’s a fun venture to be a part of.

“I think it’s fun to say that Pend Oreille County finally has something like this,” he said. “As I go around the region it’s fun to see if there are any local places.”

enjoy a frosty brew, and

Who put the hop in Hopping Frog The brew house fills with steam as the residents and visitors to the guys mash in on a warm Saturday morning in mid-June. The guys carry in sacks Pend Oreille River Valley will of grain – barley, corn and rice – and stir it into the hot water. In the mash tun, have their first chance to make they keep the mix moving with wooden paddles. It’s the beginning of a pilsner. it a local ale this summer.

“Making your own beer is rewarding to Hopping Frog Brewery is Pend Oreille me,” Hilton said.

County’s first brewery – maybe the first The science is part of what he likes ever, but at least the first since prohibiso much about the process. Water temtion. They make 12 varieties of beer perature has to be just right to from a small brew house in the Deer “We all like release different kinds of bodies Valley west of Newport that’s just as our hops.” from the grains, he explained. hand crafted as the ales that come From propagating your yeast from it. to testing the beer’s final Scott Hilton Behind the frog are five friends gravity, it’s a pretty involved Brewer who have been brewing together process. for a decade or more. Casey Brooks “It’s science. I love it,” he is the head brewer. The brew housesits on said. his property and the business is licensed Robinson’s favorite part of brewing is to him and his wife, Suzanne Brooks. The hanging out with friends. He likes to listen other guys have a hand in the process too: to Brooks and Hilton argue about the Mike Brown, Scott Hilton, Pat Buckley and details.

Marty Robinson.

“The whole thing with this is we like to

4 Horizon|2013 Summer

Horizon photo|Janelle Atyeo

Casey Brooks checks on the boil kettle as the brew day starts. Hopping Frog was making a pilsner ahead of its grand opening party.

keep it fun,” Hilton said.

The guys mostly agree that IPAs are the favorite style. India pale ales are known for their hoppiness. They get their name

from when beer was shipped from England to the troops in India. More hops, which CONTINUED ON PAGE 5

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 4

have astringent qualities, were added to preserve the beer on the long journey.

“That’s what keeps us going around here,” Robinson said about his favorite IPAs. “It’s nice to sample other people’s beers, too; that’s the social part of it.”

Some of the guys have been brewing an IPA called Solar Flare for 20 years. It’s now called Solar Frog IPA. The brewery’s name, as you can imagine, comes from hops.

“We all like our hops,” Hilton said.

The Hopping Frog name was given first to the Brooks’s farm. They were looking for a name for their small hobby farm, and one night they pulled the lid off the hot tub to find it covered in little fogs. The Brooks kids decided then that they live on “Hopping Frog Farms.”

A small fish in the frog pond

Hopping Frog brews on a seven-barrel system, capable of making more than 200 gallons of beer at a time. That’s the same size as some other local breweries that have sprung up around the Inland Northwest in recent years – MickDuff’s in Sandpoint, and Iron Goat and Twelve String Brewing in Spokane amongst them.

That size of production is far cry from the macro companies such as Budweiser and Coors, but the flavor of the beer isn’t much comparable to those industry giants either.

According to the Brewer’s Association, a microbrewery produces less than

Horizon photo|Janelle Atyeo

Scott Hilton looks through a refractometer. The device is used to test the gravity of the beer, telling how many dissolved solids are in a sample of the wort. Testing again after fermentation will tell a brewer the percentage of alcohol in the beer.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 6

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5

15,000 barrels of beer per year. Even with more microbreweries starting up since the 1990s and the popular nano-breweries springing up today, Anheuser-Busch Inbev and MillerCoors control 90 percent of the beer market.

Brooks says that keeping things small scale helps them control the quality of his ale. Bigger breweries, even those considered microbreweries, cut their grain bills to bring out the hop flavor, but it’s all about making a buck, and the beer looses something in that, Brooks believes.

Hopping Frog currently brews a couple times a month, as they were ramping up for their grand opening party, which was held in mid-July. For now, the plan is to sell their kegs to local bars and stores – no bottle line yet.

Brooks says he’s had interest from the Total Wine store in North Spokane, which sells beer to go by the growler. Kalispel Tribe members have talked to him about putting a few of his brews on tap at Northern Quest Casino in Airway Heights. He’s also talked to Newport bars about giving Hopping Frog a handle on their tap lines.

Robinson thinks it would be neat to someday have a brewpub in downtown Newport, but Brooks doesn’t want to compete with the local establishments. For now, getting his beer on tap locally is an ideal way for him to support local business and get his product out there.

Horizon photo|Janelle Atyeo

CONTINUED ON PAGE 34

Mike Brown fills kegs with the rye ale from the fermenter. Before sealing them and adding CO2, each keg was dry hopped with a stocking full of hop pellets.

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Horizon photo|Janelle Atyeo

Mike Brown stirs the grains into the hot water in the mash tun.

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Horizon photo|File photo

The creek views from the powerhouse showcase the beauty of the north part of Pend Oreille County.

1911 powerhouse may be up for sale The century old building has endless potential

BY DESIREÉ HOOD

T

he Sullivan Creek Powerhouse has stood atop the picturesque

landscape of Sullivan Creek since its construction in 1911 by the Inland Portland Cement Company. The two-story brick building sits empty and its future is in question.

“The district is hopeful someone will purchase the building,” said Mark Cauchy, Pend Oreille Public Utility District’s (PUD) director of Regulatory and Environmental Affairs. “It needs everything.

It is going to take a unique investor to do something with that building.”

Metaline Falls becomes a town The Sullivan Creek Hydroelectric Project, located about four miles east of Metaline Falls on Colville National Forest land, was built to bring power to the cement company and the newly formed town of Metaline Falls. The project once consisted of Sullivan Lake dam, Outlet Creek, Sullivan Creek, Mill Pond dam, Mill Pond and the century old powerhouse.

The project began in 1904, when Lewis Larson, a Danish immigrant, discovered a mountain of limestone near the Pend Oreille River, showing promise of cement production in a massive way.

The area now known as Metaline Falls was owned by a bachelor miner and Ione had less than 50 residents, Metaline about 20. There were no roads, railroads or electrical facilities offered at the time.

Larson envisioned a large cement plant that would be powered by the waters of Sullivan Creek. He also wanted to bring the railroad from Newport to the north area of Pend Oreille County.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 9

8 Horizon|2013 Summer

Courtesy photo|Natalie Perrin of Historical Research Associates

The building has large windows that will allow for plenty of natural sunlight.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 8

Larson wanted to call the town Metaline Falls and in 1910, hundreds of workers came to the remote area to construct a log dam to create a reservoir, now Mill Pond, build a wooden aqueduct or flume to divert water flow from Sullivan Creek to a new hydroelectric plant, the powerhouse, just outside the site of Metaline Falls.

By 1911, the cement plant was built and streets and building plans were set into motion for the town of Metaline Falls. This was the third cement company to start operations in the state of Washington at the turn of the twentieth century. According to the North Pend Oreille Scenic Byway, workers cheered when water was released from the flume and the cement plant became more than just a dream.

Electric lights sparkled on the streets of the newly formed town and future plans took on new perspectives with the addition of electricity.

The flume, a wooden structure used to divert water to the powerhouse, was situated above the rushing waters of Sullivan Creek, connecting to the Sullivan Lake dam. The town residents used the flume as a boardwalk where picnickers, fishermen, photographers and hikers strolled the flume to Mill Pond, a shorter, scenic route compared to Sullivan Lake Road.

Aeneas MacDougall, the first flume

Courtesy photo|Natalie Perrin of Historical Research Associates

The brick and mortar powerhouse sits nestled on Sullivan Creek in the Selkirk Mountain range.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 10

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tender, checked the flume daily and lived above Mill Pond in 1910. His family gardened, fished, raised chickens and kept a milk cow to make ends meet.

As long as MacDougall and the flume ran water, the town of Metaline Falls prospered. However, the flume was a maintenance nightmare as slumps and landslides repeatedly undermined it.

Hundreds of hours were spent by workers to cram oakum, an oil-treated rope, into cracks between the boards and shoveling sand through trapdoors to plug leaks. By 1920, the wooden flume needed to be rebuilt, replaced with a slightly smaller structure. This same process happened again in 1937, again shrinking the size of the flume.

In 1922, the Mill Pond dam was replaced by a concrete dam about 130 feet long and about 55 feet high, constructed just below the log-crib dam, the original construction used.

The powerhouse and the two dams at Sullivan Lake and Mill Pond generated power until 1956. It was during this year that the third and final wooden flume collapsed at the Mill Pond dam, turning the powerhouse building into a large water storage area.

When the torrent of rushing water flowed into Sullivan Creek from the failed flume, the dreams of the workers flowed downstream as well. The flume Courtesy photo|Natalie Perrin of Historical Research Associates

CONTINUED ON PAGE 11

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sending them downstream.

In the 1990s, the PUD considered was never repaired because cheaper and rebuilding the project and making it camore reliable power was being generpable of producing electricity. However, ated at places such as Bonneville Power these plans were abandoned in 2002, Administration (BPA) in the following because the water levels in the stream decades. would have to be maintained and the cost was not beneficial to the company.

Hydroelectric Project In 2005, the district decided to not seek becomes a distant memory a new license when the 2008 expiration In 1958, the Federal Power Commisneared. They surrendered the license sion, now Federal Energy Regulatory and obtained authorization for any Commission (FERC), facilities that would occupy licensed the Sullivan According to the North federal land after the surCreek Hydroelectric Pend Oreille Scenic render. Four requirements Project as a nonByway, workers cheered came from the surrender; generating project, maintain Sullivan Lake as when water was released it is currently, remove the with provision for from the flume and the Mill Pond dam within five adding generating capabilities later. years, improve and enhance cement plant became The project boundhabitat and sell more than just a dream. stream ary was restricted water to the state to support during the period of stream flows and offset new investigation for reestablishing power water uses in six northeastern Washgeneration. ington counties in an agreement with The PUD took ownership of the power- the Washington State Department of house and hydroelectric project in 1958, Ecology. when the maintenance problems kept plaguing the operations and it was not Sullivan Lake releases being used to generate power. The PUD water for power spent $90,000 on buying the project.

The Sullivan Creek Hydroelectric ProjThe Lafarge Company purchased the ect currently keeps water levels up for cement plant in 1989 and operations swimming and boating at the popular were cemented a year later. More than camping destination, Sullivan Lake, 80 years after the opening of the cement nestled in the Colville National Forest. plant and essentially the town of MetaWhen the PUD surrendered the line Falls, the cement company closed generating part of their license in 1956 its doors for the last time. The closure Courtesy photo|Natalie Perrin of Historical Research Associates meant taking more than 250 jobs and CONTINUED ON PAGE 36 The building boasts French doors as the entrance to the powerhouse.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10

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Horizon photo|Don Gronning

An eagle soars over the Kalispel Tribe’s herd of buffalo.

Kalispel Tribe’s iconic buffalo used for ceremonies, food security

BY DON GRONNING

I

f you are there at the right time, one of the most impressive things

you’ll see when visiting the Camas Community Center for Health and Wellness is the Kalispel Tribe’s buffalo herd.

The herd is often located on 250 acres of land just west of the center.

People stop and watch them from a pull out viewing area just off LeClerc 12 Horizon|2013 Summer

Creek Road.

Culture and food security are the “The whole reason they made the reasons the Kalispels have the buffalo pull out was that people were alherd, Entz said. ways stopping to look at the buffalo,” While the Kalispel Tribe didn’t do a said Ray Entz, the tribe’s director of lot of buffalo hunting in the old days, Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources. they did occasionally travel to MonThe county decided to make it safer by tana for buffalo hunts. More commaking a place where you can pull off monly, they traded with other tribes the roadway a little. for buffalo.

The tribe started its herd with a Keeping a modern buffalo herd has dozen buffalo they “It’s never really a price. The animals can got from the U.S. eat grass in the warm been a business.”

Park Service in months but are fed hay 1974, according about seven months to an old Newport Ray Entz out of the year. They eat Miner story. Today Kalispel Tribe’s director of Wildlife 300-500 tons of hay a the herd has grown and Terrestrial Resources. year, Entz estimates. That He manages the buffalo herd. to 170 animals. translates into $30,000 While that is an to $50,000 worth of hay impressive number, the buffalo never a year. Throw in money to doctor the have been about making money, Entz animals, keeping up the New Zealand said. high tensile, five-strand electric fence “It’s never really been a business,” needed to keep them in, and the costs he said. “We’ve expanded to offset start to add up. costs.”

In order to feed the animals through

the cold months, the tribe puts up about 300 acres of hay and share crops another 6,000-7,000 acres, Entz said.

The buffalo herd grows at a steady rate, he said.

“They have 25-35 calves a year,” Entz said. The tribe’s buffalo handlers don’t assist with any births, Entz said, unlike cattle ranchers, who routinely assist cows when there is a problem with calving. They weigh about 50 pounds at birth and the calves are a reddish color until they’re about 3 months old.

There are four or five breeding bulls, Entz said.

The bulls can be up to 2,200 pounds and can live about 20-25 years in captivity, although some individuals can live up to about 30 years.

Entz says the tribe uses the buffalo for a variety of things.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 13

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 12

They trade for salmon with the Colville Tribe, Entz said. Some buffalo go to the InterTribal Buffalo Council, where they are made available to other tribes. Some are eaten at ceremonial activities, such as funerals and festival dances.

One thing that doesn’t happen is that Kalispel buffalo aren’t served at Masselow’s, the upscale restaurant at Northern Quest Resort and Casino in Airway Heights. Masselow’s does serve buffalo, but it is buffalo they get from elsewhere.

The tribe used to hold buffalo hunts, Entz said. That was discontinued. “It’s been about a decade or more since the hunts,� Entz said. They may not be held in the future either, he said.

At one point, buffalo were too numerous to count in North America, although some estimates put the figure at 75 million. Buffalo hunters and railroads drove the great herds to near extinction by the start of the 20th century.

Buffalo have made somewhat of a comeback. There are buffalo in every state except Rhode Island.

There are an estimated 500,000 bison in North America, according to the InterTribal Buffalo Council. In STORY CONTINUED ON PAGE 32 Horizon photo|Don Gronning

MORE PHOTOS ON PAGE 14-15

No. 13 is suspicious of the photographer.

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Horizon photo|Don Gronning

Buffalo eat fairly close to LeClerc Creek Road turnout. The fence is made of high tensile.

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Traditional uses of the buffalo Indian people used virtually the entire buffalo. The InterTribal Buffalo Council provided this list of traditional uses of the buffalo.

Tanned hide

Backrests, bags, beds, belts, blankets, bridles, caps, cradles, doll mittens, dresses, leggings, moccasin tops, pillows, pouches, ropes, shirts, sweat lodges, cover, tapestries, tipi liners, tipi covers and winter robes.

Hair

Bracelets, braided robes, doll stuffing, hair pieces, headdresses, horse halters, medicine balls, moccasin lining, ornaments, pad fillers and pillow fillers.

Meat

Immediate use, dried, meat/jerky, pemmican and sausages.

Tails

Rawhide

“Par fieche,” masks, cinches, ornaments, rattles, sheaths, showshoes, trunks, horse water trough, moccasin soles, containers, quivers, ropes, shields, splints, lariats, buckets, caps, drums, rafts, saddles, shrouds, straps

Tendons and muscles

Arrow tips, bowstrings, cinches, sinew

Foot bones

Teething toys, toy buffalo or horse

Liver

Food, tanning agent

Brains

Food, hide preparation

Blood

Paints, puddings, soups

Decorations, fly swatters, knife sheaths, medicine, switch and whips.

Beard

Dung

Tongue

Hoof sheath

Teeth

Diaper powder, fuel

Ornaments Choice meat, comb (rough side)

Containers, glue, rattles, spoons, wind chimes

Stomach contents

Ornaments

Fat

Soups, tallow, tanning, hair grease, filed pipe sealer, cosmetic aids

Medicines, paints

Dew claws

Skull

Bladder

Horns

Glue, rattles, wind chimes

Alter, dehairing tool, sun dance

Food pouches, medicine bags, water container

Scrotum

Containers, rattles

Arrow points, cups, fire carrier, headdresses, ladles, medication, ornaments, powderhorn, signals, spoons, toys

Bones

Gall

Yellow paint

Stomach liner

Horizon photo|Don Gronning

Buffalo are far more skittish than cattle. Here they take off into the brush.

Cooking vessels, water container

Arrowheads, Awls, eating utensils, fleshing tools, gaming dice, jewelry, knives, painting tools, pipes, quirts, saddle trees, scrapers, shovels, sleds, splints, toys, war clubs

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New leadership for Pend Oreille County museum

BY DESIREÉ HOOD

S

tuart Bradley became a part of the Pend Oreille County Historical Soci-

ety and Museum in the 1960s because he had a love of history, and in particular, the history of the Pacific Northwest.

“He was born and raised here and always involved until he died in the early ’90s,” said Duane Becker, president elect for the historical society. “His love went from not only the river to the mountains and to the people here, but the homesteads and the farms as well.”

In 1978, the society purchased the Milwaukee Railroad Depot in downtown Newport, which now serves as the main building for the museum. The museum, started in the 1940s as a clubhouse, has grown over the past five decades to

include about four acres of buildings, log cabins, machinery, war uniforms, history and more.

“Back in the 60s, a lot of the pioneers and homesteaders were still alive so they could get oral histories and written histories and it really helped,” Becker said.

“Since then, the museum has grown and grown and grown.”

The museum will now operate seven days a week from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., May 1 through the middle of October. It’s also open up for a few days around Christmas and they hold spring and fall rummage sales annually.

The Bradley Building Bradley brought his family to Newport in 1968 but there was no place for him to find the history of Pend Oreille County he wanted. However, his passion for the area prevailed and the museum bought the depot in 1978. In 1993, the Historical Society broke ground on a new addition to the grounds, the Bradley Building.

Built by Slim Shulz and Guy Riffel, the building was completed in 1994. Funded CONTINUED ON PAGE 17

Horizon photo|Desireé Hood

A historic Newport fire truck is a newer addition to the museum and sits near the road to be seen by passing cars.

16 Horizon|2013 Summer

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 16

by more than 100 donors, the building has become a central part of the museum, housing exhibits on Native American history, music and military accessories. It also houses the research library.

“In ‘94, everybody came out and Tom Foley was here,” Bradley’s daughter Barbara Graustein said. “This building was built to be a replica of the depot building.

It was made to match.”

The original train depot, that the Bradley building was modeled from, houses the gift shop and showcases more exhibits for the museum.

The Big Smoke Bradley started “The Big Smoke,” which still comes out annually. The Big Smoke is a book publication that gives the history of Pend Oreille County for the past year via pictures, family stories and businesses. It was started in 1923, the year Bradley graduated from high school.

His daughter said that Bradley was the editor of his high school yearbook and enjoyed putting the history of the past year into book form.

“He gathered stories for 22 years,” Graustein said.

The name came from a Native American chief who was called “Chief Big Smoke.” Graustein said he was a part of the Kalispel Tribe of Indians and his memory still lives on as the title of the publication.

Horizon photo|Desireé Hood

Three of the many small cabins that the museum has had donated. This family is entering into an old church building and the middle cabin is an old hunter’s cabin.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 18

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“They still publish the same format and the same way; pictures, histories, families and industries in Pend Oreille County,” Becker said.

Bradley’s family is still involved with the museum today. Graustein works with “The Big Smoke” publication as one of the editors and writers. All proceeds from the publication go to maintaining the museum. Graustein currently resides in Maine.

President Elect Becker

Becker joined the museum board in 2002. Three years ago, he wanted to see some changes made to the structure of the museum, so he became vice president when the seat opened up in 2011.

Working with Evelyn Reed, the former museum president, helped Becker learn the history of the museum itself. Reed started with the museum in 1989 when there were only two cabins and a small plot of land the museum used.

“We just kept adding little things every year,” Reed said.

Reed stepped down as president in early 2013 and Becker knew that he had big shoes to fill. She had been the face of the museum for more than 18 years.

Currently, Becker will serve as president elect until October when they hold STORY CONTINUED ON PAGE 28

Horizon photo|Desireé Hood

The lookout tower sits to the back of the property and was used at one time to watch for fires by the Forest Service.

18 Horizon|2013 Summer

Horizon photo|DesireĂŠ Hood

A visiting family looks at an old tricycle as they start the tour of the long rectangular museum.

Summer 2013 |Horizon 19

A treasured trail Trail association looks to locals to develop best route for a popular thru-hiking trail

BY JANELLE ATYEO

T

he Pacific Northwest Trail runs from the Continental

Divide in Montana to the coast of Washington. As it comes through the Selkirk Mountains, the trail passes

by Upper Priest Lake, comes through the Salmo Priest Wilderness and visits Metaline Falls before heading across the Pend Oreille River and into Stevens County toward

20 Horizon|2013 Summer

Northport.

The 1,200-mile route was designated as a National Scenic Trail in 2009.

“They can be hugely advantageous to communities along the trail, but we want to make sure that everyone’s happy with that,” said Steven Starlund, who works with the nonprofit Pacific Northwest Trail Association (PNTA).

The association hosted a community workshop early this year, in late March, at the Cutter Theatre in Metaline Falls. In the six-hour workshop, PNTA staff discussed with community leaders how to market the town’s services and give hikers a connection with the community.

“How do we connect the town, the trail and the traveler,” Starlund said of the meeting’s focus.

PNTA is working with the U.S. Forest Service to create a new comCourtesy photo|Christopher Willett

CONTINUED ON PAGE 21

Wildflowers are abundant on the high alpine reaches that overlook the Pend Oreille Valley.

ized recreation in the Selkirks, as well as the Pend Oreille River Water Trail. prehensive management plan, which The PNTA is planning more commeans refining some routes and doing munity meetings in the near future. trail maintenance and signage.

They hope to have representatives at “Part of their planning for National community festivals such as Affair on Scenic Trail from Rocky Mountains to Mainstreet over Labor Day weekend in the ocean is to look at how having a Metaline Falls, to talk about the trail.

National Scenic Trail can support and “It’s the beginning of a collaborative enhance the local economy,” Starlund marketing,” Starlund said. said.

He said the first steps Their goal is to are making sure the “We’re looking for examine how to best town is represented communities to discover the way local people represent the town to the trail themselves.” their travelers. They want it represented. discussed the core valThe PNTA aim to ues of the area, which Steven Starlund provide information local participants Pacific Northwest Trail Association to hikers about what decided was maintainservices are available ing a rural character, – where they can stop preserving the history of the area for a hot meal or a shower – as well as and promoting diversity in outdoor local history. He said it’s also nice for recreation. communities to have kiosks were hik“You’re traveling through the charers can get information about the trail acter of the community,” he said. route and trail conditions.

Metaline Falls already has many of Getting the word out the services thru-hikers need: a post The Pacific Northwest Trail is office to retrieve supplies, a grocery open to hiking and equestrians, as it store, and a community of “friends of crosses wilderness areas where motor- the trail” who help to arrange transized vehicles are not allowed by law. portation and a place to sleep.

There are other segments that people PNTA plans to create a portfolio of like to traverse on mountain bikes or the area that hikers can access both off-road vehicles. online and in a print publication as “You’re going to get people these they plan their journey. days who want to do a mix of things,” Their efforts are also about getting Starlund said. “People are more cross the community people familiar with recreational.”

There are opportunities for motorCONTINUED ON PAGE 22 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 20

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to extend a friendly attitude before people arrive and after they leave. the trail they have through their area.

• Family values – Families choose Starlund said they’re finding that travel destinations based on what many local there is for the kids. Right folks don’t “You’re traveling through the now, there is also an know about on activities for character of the community.” emphasis it. Putting dads. up signage • Health and play – A Steven Starlund for trailnew interest in natural Pacific Northwest Trail Association heads will movement fits well with help get the hiking and other outdoor word out. activities.

“We’re looking for communities to • Outdoor adventure – Offer a range discover the trail themselves,” he said. of opportunities to appeal to people of varying abilities, fitness levels, and Keeping the local connection comfort/experience in the outdoors.

At the workshop, participants brain• Discovery – People are looking for stormed opportunities to get the word more than just sightseeing. Ecotourout about the trail and other outdoor ists want an experience in which they recreation and nature-based tourlearn and practice skills like navigaism opportunities. They talked about tion, outdoor survival, and food gathposting informational flyers ering. Provide and including information on volunteer “How do we connect the opportunities; websites of local groups.

They also talked about slo- town, the trail and the seasonal visigans for promoting the area. traveler?” tors may serve Ideas included: “Memorable as volunteer trail in a forgotten corner,” hosts or doSteven Starlund “Boat and boot,” “Town to cents.

Pacific Northwest Trail Association trail and back again.”

The number The facilitators presented of hikers the information on current martrail sees each keting trends in tourism and recreyear is an unknown. Sometimes thruation: hikers, those who do the full 1,200• Remain relational – People enjoy mile stretch, will notify the PNTA visiting a place that seems friendly, before they head out. No records are where people wave and say hello.

Social media offers an opportunity CONTINUED ON PAGE 24 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE 23

kept on local use of the trail segment.

While Metaline Falls residents generally enjoy many kinds of year-round outdoor recreation, they may be wary of projects that sound like they could bring big changes to people’s way of life, PNTA members noted in their re-cap of the March meeting. It will be important to have ongoing and inclusive conversations about community identity to be sure that projects are in line with residents’ core values, they said.

Most of the ideas discussed in the workshop aren’t about making big changes, but about building on the authentic experiences, strong historical legacy, natural wonders, and connections to the land that Metaline Falls visitors and residents already value.

Courtesy photo|Pacific Northwest Trail Association

Members of the Pacific Northwest Trail Association meet with local community leaders at the Cutter Theatre in Metaline Falls this spring.

Most of the ideas discussed in the workshop aren’t about making big changes, but about building on the authentic experiences, strong historical legacy, natural wonders, and connections to the land that Metaline Falls visitors and residents already value.

The PNTA will be doing collaboration with other communities along the trail.

Oroville might be next in line. Starlund said it’s a way to reach out to communi-

24 Horizon|2013 Summer

ties, “saying how can it benefit you.”

“It was a fun workshop. People were engaged,” Starlund said of the Metaline Falls workshop.

Trail work underway

Some crews will be out this summer.

Work on the Salmo Basin Trail began in early July. The Colville National Forest is partnering with the Pacific Northwest

Trail Association to replace nine failing puncheons and install one new drainage structure on about four miles of the No. 506 Salmo Basin Trail. A puncheon is a wooden structure that elevates the trail above muddy or swampy areas of a trail.

Work will continue until November, depending on weather conditions. During that time, the section of the trail is closed to stock animals for public safety

and protection of the natural resources.

Crews anticipate keeping the trail open to hikers, but there may be occasions where segments of the trail will be temporarily closed to all users for safety and protection of the natural resources.

The repairs will help to maintain access into the rugged and scenic SalmoPriest Wilderness for current and future generations.

Courtesy photo|Dave Hood

The Selkirk TrailBlazers line up and take in the scenery as they prepare to hit the trails for a day of riding.

OHVs start their engines Riders now have many more options of places to travel

BY DESIREÉ HOOD

Strap on a helmet and start the engine, Off-Highway Vehicles (OHV) are cleared to hit the road starting July 28.

Washington Gov. Jay Inslee signed a bill that opened up county roads in the

state with a speed limit of 35 mph or mph when using them to connect from less to OHV travel July 3. Pend Oreille one ORV road or trail to another. This County comvirtually opens all missioners fol- “It’s running through a mudhole and county roads to lowed passage spraying you and everyone else.”

ORV traffic. of the bill with The Forest an ordinance Service has more Adam Loster for the county ATV Rider than 4,300 miles July 22, allowof roads and ing ORVs on all about 650 of county roads with speed limits 35 and those are open to all vehicles to travel under, as well as speeds more than 35 on, including OHVs. About 160 miles

of trails are also on Forest Service land and are currently open to OHV travel.

Commissioner Mike Manus has been advocating to open more sections of Forest Service roads so that the connectivity exists for OHV riders. Manus is hopeful that the South End Motor Vehicle Management project will be approved in the next 60 days and this plan would open about 170 more miles of the CONTINUED ON PAGE 26

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Forest Service roads currently unavailable for OHV travel.

“It is up to the Forest Service,” Manus said. “It is in their ballpark.”

Franklin Pemberton, public affairs officer for the Colville National Forest, said the new miles would “connect routes to give riders longer loop opportunities.”

“What is so good about the South End project “It’s trying not to get is it turns our loop hurt and have fun.” opportunities from Adam Loster 10 miles ATV Rider of loops to 100 miles of loops,” Pemberton said. “It is a legitimate use of National Forest Service land.”

Riding an OHV is an adrenaline rush, according to Adam Loster, ATV rider and mechanic at Snyder Ridge Tire in Ione. Meeting up with friends, deciding where to travel and then making it to the destination without being hurt is what Loster said is a good day of riding.

“Part of it is the challenge of getting where you are going,” Loster said. “It’s trying not to get hurt and have fun.”

OHV riders rarely come off the mountain as clean as they started and Loster appreciates this part of riding.

“It’s running through a mudhole and spraying you and everyone else,” Loster

Courtesy photo|Dave Hood

The Selkirk TrailBlazers stop for a break while riding through parts of the Selkirk Mountain Range.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 27

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said. “There are a lot of crazy people out there.”

Climbing through the mountains and taking in the scenery from a different viewpoint is what Manus enjoys when he takes his wife and dogs out on his OHV. “A lot of it is driving around and seeing the country,” Manus said. Last year, Manus and his family went on a 500mile trip that lasted eight days on his OHV. They visited old mines and went to a harmonica festival.

“We saw some absolutely incredible country,” Manus said.

The new state law has increased the age requirement from 13 to 16 years of age. This is because OHVs have to be registered by the state now for onroad travel so a valid driver’s license is needed. The cost to register an OHV has increased slightly. There has always been an $18 off-road registration fee and that will continue. However, a $12 on-road registration fee is being added.

Identification tags, similar to license plates, are also required for a $2 charge and must be replaced every seven years.

The safety equipment that is required under the laws include turn signals, at least one mirror and a working horn.

These items are the main ones that will need to be installed, Loster said, because most vehicles come stock with the muffler and other safety items that are required under state law.

Both the state law and county ordinance will take effect Sunday, July 28.

HB 1632 was passed during a special session of the senate and was quickly signed into law. Because of this, the state is scrambling to get the needed equipment out to the individual counties.

“The DOT is not going to have tabs ready by July 28,” Manus said. “They are working hard on it but it’s not ready at this point.”

Pend Oreille County Auditor Marianne Nichols agreed saying she has been in touch with the DOL and they have not given her a date as to when the tags will be in the area.

According to Sheriff Alan Botzheim, enforcing the new laws will take time so everyone has a chance to comply with the changes.

Botzheim said his office will be as lenient as possible with the law and their priority is crimes against persons or property.

“We are not going to try to enforce something that is not there yet,” Botzheim said. “If there is no license plates, I cannot expect them to have them.”

Both the state law and county ordinance set the maximum speed limit for OHV travel at 35 mph or the posted limit, whichever is less.

OHVs, commonly known as ORV, ATV and UTV, have been around since the early 1900s, but they were improved upon during the 1960s. It was during this time that U.S. car companies started putting station wagon bodies on light truck frames with four-wheel-drive drivetrains. In the 1990s, the luxuries were added to the OHVs, making them match up with regular cars.

The 2006 ordinance that allowed ORV travel on certain roads and by off road motorcycles is still in effect. Dirt bikes, dune buggies and golf carts are acceptable under this ordinance.

The laws help open up the roads but it is up to the riders to keep them that way. Commissioners warn to be safe with recreation but they say also to have fun.

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE 18

elections for new board members and a new president.

There are more than 40 volunteers spending their free time at the museum, mostly working in the gift shop.

How the museum operates

The museum is set up on a committee system. For example, a committee of volunteers runs the gift shop and a committee runs the maintenance.

The committees meet on Wednesdays for work. Volunteers will help Becker make a list for the different committees’ tasks and the groups then take the list and cross off items as they are completed.

“There are five or six different committees and that is pretty much how the museum is run,” Becker said. “This is all volunteers, nobody is paid.”

The museum is funded strictly by donations and purchases made in the gift shop at the current time, however they will apply for grants in 2014, with hopes to not rely on people leaving money in the box by the door as the only way to keep the doors open.

“We never ask for donations. We have little signs by the door that say, ‘Admission by donations,’ and people really support it,” Becker said. “I am really surprised at the income that comes in. It could be more, but yet at the same time, we are all appreciative of the support we do get.”

Horizon photo|Desireé Hood

CONTINUED ON PAGE 29

Layout of the different buildings on the museum grounds.

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It costs the museum more than $19,500 to operate for one year, but the annual income is about $18,000. They have more than $35,600 in savings that offsets the expenses.

Becker said that the biggest investment recently has been a new roof for the museum. Beyond that, capital expenses are minimal. Adding new exhibits, such as the fire engine and sawmill equipment, may have costs incurred as well.

There have been about 4,000 visitors annually for the past several years, which is a decrease from 6,000-7,000 people in previous years when more Canadians made their way through the area. Even with the slow economy, however, there are a lot of people who come through the door, according to Becker.

Museum board member Sam Brooks moved to Newport more than nine years ago and when he arrived in the town, he was bored and looking for a place to help in the community. About six years ago, he walked in the door of the old train depot and has been volunteering ever since.

“I think it’s a spectacular museum for such a small city,” Brooks said. “It’s one of those few museums left where people can walk up and touch and put their nose on things and see them right close. They don’t have to see (the exhibits) behind a glass wall.”

All of the exhibits are donated to the museum, and the staff tries to showcase as many items as possible in the space

allotted. They are going to start rotating the exhibits in the next few months. They want to set up a theme, make the displays fit appropriately and feature items for several months at a time.

“I don’t like it so cluttered so we will try to keep that to a minimum, but I just like the style of this museum where everything is out on display,” Becker said. “You will find that when you go to museums, that’s not the situation. They put a lot of stuff in storage and leave it there.”

Becker asks that if people are going to donate items to the museum, if possible, leave a name and a small history about the item so they can display it correctly.

Future plans

There are many different things that Becker hopes to change in the structure of the museum, the main ones being improving the research library, finish the switch to digital archiving and start a lecture series about current and past history.

Becker has more than 150 historical books in his personal collection and he wants to share them with the residents of Newport. This would help locals look up genealogy, pictures and regional history.

The books would be used on-site at the museum library and would not be available for checkout purposes.

“The research facility is great,” Becker said. “We have over 4,000 photographs of Pend Oreille County and adjacent areas. We have a complete genealogy section CONTINUED ON PAGE 30

Miner photo|Desireé Hood

Duane Becker, Pend Oreille Historical Society president, stands with the sawmill equipment that the Clark family has donated to the museum. The equipment sits at the back corner of the almost four acre museum property in Newport.

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of people who were born here in Pend Oreille County and died. So, it is pretty good now, I would like to just extend it and add to it.”

Technology was a hard change for the museum and the 11 board members because most of them are over the age of 60.

They used to use a typewriter for written communication and in 2002, the members incorporated computers to go digital. They are now fully digital, with email and a website. Becker also plans to make a digital archive of photos and area history as well.

“We made it and we progressed, so that is good,” Becker said.

Starting a lecture series is also in the works. Becker would like to bring in professors and guest speakers to teach on history, geology and art. There are no boundaries on this teaching as he hopes to adapt local, national and world history and current events to the series.

“With the anniversary of Panama Canal, with the anniversary of World War I coming up, it would be great to get some people up here and give a lecture series on those two topics,” Becker said.

Reed has high hopes for the museum’s future. She said everybody has different ideas and little things that they would like changed, but overall, the museum will survive.

She said she would like to see the museum put together, cleaned up and continue to grow.

“That’s the important part,” Reed said.

“The museum is a nice part of Newport.”

Horizon photo|Desireé Hood

The museum is filled with exhibits showing area history such as flight suits, clothes, artwork and more. Museum staff would like to start a rotating theme for the exhibits to make them a little less cluttered.

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Match maker moves to museum PRIEST RIVER – The Priest River Museum and Timber Education Center is making some changes. Board members at the museum want visitors to enjoy the restored circa 1911 steam engine and match-making machine with matches still in the drying press, in one location near the museum grounds.

The museum boards are working together to move the match-making machine that sits at Tri Pro Forest Products in Oldtown, to the museum to be placed near the Keyser House. The move is expected to be complete by fall of this year.

Also moving to that area are two steam engines, including one that will run seven boilers and another, the Corliss Steam engine built in 1909 that was

made for the Diamond National Corporation and moved to Newport in 1964.

“It is part of our history,” board member Carl Wright said. “We are going to try to make it happen.”

Museum board members are looking for any information about match-making machines that may have been run in the area at one time. Wright said the board has been told that there was possibly a machine in Albeni Falls at one time. They would welcome information on this machine and any others that may have been in the Pend Oreille County area over the last 100 years.

Information can be directed to the museum at (208) 4482721.

OLYMPIA – Whether you’re making a road trip across the state, cooling off in a swimming pool, or just watching the world go by from your front porch, this summer you can add to what we know about wildlife through online citizen science reporting projects.

If you own, use, or manage a swimming pool on a regular basis, you could provide valuable information regarding the use of swimming pools by bats. The Center for Bat Research, Outreach, and Conservation wants to learn more because anecdotal reports suggest bats use swimming pools for drinking, perhaps especially in areas where natural water sources are scarce.

An online survey is available at http://batsandpools.wordpress.com/ through Sept. 15. Whether you observe bats around your pool or not, your responses are still valuable.

If you’re bird watching at home or elsewhere, you can contribute to some of the longest running and bestknown online citizen science projects about birds, coordinated through Cornell University’s Lab of Ornithology.

NestWatch at http://nestwatch.org/ collects information on the species, nest location, habitat, number of eggs, and number of young to help scientists track the breeding success of birds

across North America. Launched in 2007 with funding from the National Science Foundation, NestWatch has collected more than 100,000 nesting records. Combined with historic data, this information helps scientists address how birds are affected by largescale changes such as global climate change, urbanization, and land use. eBird at http://ebird.org/content/ ebird/ is an online tool for birders to keep track of their own lists and contribute their bird sightings for use in science and conservation. Birders, scientists, and conservationists can collect, manage, and store their observations in eBird’s globally accessible database, or use graphing, mapping, and analysis tools to better understand patterns of bird occurrence and the environmental and human factors that influence them.

This real-time data resource produces millions of observations per year from across the hemisphere. eBird is a joint project with the National Audubon Society.

YardMap Network at http://content. yardmap.org/ is a National Science Foundation-funded project that builds online communities to investigate the impacts of bird-friendly and carbonneutral practices in backyards, community gardens, and parks.

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Summer 2013 |Horizon 31

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13

the U.S., there are 198,000 buffalo in private production, another 20,000 in public herds and 15,000 in tribal herds.

The Kalispel Tribe is one of 56 tribes that belong to the InterTribal Buffalo Council, a South Dakota based non profit formed “Food security in 1992 to help reestab- is not just about lish buffalo having food, it’s populations about having clean in Indian country. food.”

“We helped start it by do- Ray Entz nating some Kalispel Tribe’s director animals,” of Wildlife and Terrestrial Entz said.

Resources. He manages the Today IBC buffalo herd. members have about 15,000 buffalo in 19 states. The IBC provides information, training and support for tribes running their own buffalo herds.

The tribe will have its buffalo roundup in the fall, when the bison are vaccinated. That is always a spectacular occasion.

Entz says the tribe will have buffalo for the foreseeable future. Their value as a food source cannot be underestimated. And knowing how the animal was raised is also worth something.

“Food security is not just about having food,” Entz said. “It’s about having clean food.”

Horizon photo|Don Gronning

This is a view of the Kalispel Tribe’s bison herd seen from the turnout near the Camas Community Center for Health and Wellness. The calves are a reddish color until they’re about 3 months old.

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32 Horizon|2013 Summer

All faiths or beliefs are welcome

Horizon photo|Don Gronning

Buffalo graze on the Kalispel Reservation.

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6

A hand built venture The Hopping Frog guys have all been brewing together since 2002, starting on Hilton’s 60-gallon system before Brooks built his brew house in 2011.

Brooks’s brewing experience goes back to 1991. His uncle in California taught him, and he honed his skills in college when he and buddies would brew each Friday night and take their finished beer out for weekend fun.

When Hopping Frog decided to go big, it was an adven“Making your ture.

The stainless own beer is steel tanks that rewarding to me.” larger breweries use to boil Scott Hilton their wort and Brewer ferment their beer can be quite costly. But the Hopping Frog guys put their handyman skills to work and built their own.

Brooks and Brown were fishing at an area lake and noticed an old rusted out milk truck in the woods nearby. It was rusted on the exterior, but Brown noticed it was shiny inside – stainless steal, the perfect material they needed for their brew kettles.

They found out the property where the milk truck had been sitting was in foreclosure, so they contacted the powers that be in the state of Idaho and were told they could take it. Before anyone could change their minds, they headed out with

a flatbed trailer and hauled the tank by hand across a swamp. After hours of hard work, they arrived back at the brew house to find the others sitting by the brew house with some new tanks of their own.

The 1,100-gallon milk truck tank was cut in thirds. Two segments were welded and fashioned into a mash tun and boil kettle. The other is waiting in storage.

Hilton started brewing 20 years ago.

He was getting sick of other people’s beer, he said. He and Buckley started brewing English ales and eventually moved on to bigger systems.

“I learn by the seat of my pants,” he said.

He met Casey at church. He talked about his garden, and Suzanne said her husband had a bigger garden. Trying to one up her, Hilton said he brews beer; Suzanne said her husband did too.

“And we’ve been brewing ever since,” Hilton said.

Hilton and Brooks both work for the railroad, Brooks for Burlington “I think it’s fun Northern, and to say that Pend Hilton for the Pend Oreille Val- Oreille County finally has ley Authority.

Robinson and something like Buckley both work at the Pend this.”

Oreille Public Utility District, Marty Robinson Brewer and Brown is employed at the Ponderay Newsprint mill.

“As long as it stays fun, I’m in it,” Hilton said.

Courtesy image|OC Weekly

Brewing is a science, as Scott Hilton will tell you. This graphic outlines the basic process for home brewing.

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Right: The craft beer industry has been growing since the 1990s, but is particularly booming in recent years.

Several breweries opened in the Spokane area in the last year or two.

No-Li Brewhouse opened as Northern Lights Brewing Co. in the first wave in 1993. Now several more breweries call Spokane home.

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE 11

and took ownership of the project, the state made an agreement with the PUD to pay for water to be released from the dam to use the water for the northern communities in the county. As part of the agreement, the PUD was paid a $14 million one-time payment. These funds were used to maintain the dam for the remainder of the PUD’s ownership.

More than 14,000 acre-feet of water is released from the dam each year. Acrefeet means the amount of water that is released covering one acre at a depth of one foot.

According to the PUD, the project currently consists of Sullivan Lake dam, Mill Pond dam, Mill Pond Historic Site, a wooden flume and canal, a forebay, a horseshoe-shaped tunnel and the Sullivan Creek powerhouse.

File image

Sullivan Creek Powerhouse future options Cauchy said that the powerhouse could be used for many different things, such as a residence, commercial property, art studio or brewery.

“I think the list is probably endless,” Cauchy said.

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is one option for the Powerhouse. The Historic Research Associates (HRA) said that the building falls into Criterion C, meaning the architecture and construction of the building qualifies it for the lists and it also shows the early production of power and engineering.

Because the powerhouse qualifies for the list, a covenant is placed on the building. Cauchy said that this may impact the value of the building as the new owner will have to maintain the integrity of the brick and mortar powerhouse.

The powerhouse, downstream from Sullivan Lake, was used for the Metaline Falls Water System until 2010. The PUD rerouted the system in anticipation of the sale of the powerhouse.

“That was one of the things we wanted done before putting it on the market,” Cauchy said.

The PUD removed most of the origi-

The map shows two different routes to the Sullivan Creek Powerhouse from Ione. The blue route wraps around Sullivan Lake and takes travelers

by Sullivan Lake Dam and Mill Pond Dam.

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CONTINUED ON PAGE 37

to Metaline Falls resident and developer Jeff Massnick. The building falls under nal machinery in 1958, specifically the historical registry guidelines, meanturbines and control panels. However, ing the integrity of the property must very few changes and additions to the remain the same. property have been made. There are Massnick showed interest in buying two attached shed additions and they the property a few years ago, wanting said that the changes are reversible. to turn it into a high-end renovated Window and door work has also been house. He felt the layout of the property done, and in most of these cases, they and the minimal parking make the said the changes are powerhouse a perfect option reversible. to renovate into a home.

When the torrent The powerhouse Massnick said the powerof rushing water may soon be hithouse is an original and canflowed into Sullivan ting the real estate not be repeated making the market as the PUD is Creek from the failed property one-of-a-kind. looking into selling flume, the dreams of “Bill Gates could not build the building. Per a large historic brick building the workers flowed state law, the PUD on a creek,” Massnick said. “It had the powerhouse downstream as well cannot happen again.” appraised at a value Massnick estimates that the of $130,000. They opened the bidding cost to renovate the property into a resiup and received two bids on the propdence would be more than $500,000. erty, both under the appraised value.

Because the building is one of a kind, Putting the powerhouse on the real there would be no properties to comestate market is one potential option for pare the value to. He said that he could the PUD. Cauchy said that they would not estimate what the value would be like “fair market value” on the property once the renovation was complete. and will list the building at “no less” “There is really no telling what it than $130,000. There are currently no would be worth,” Massnick said. prospective buyers for the property.

“We hope to make a decision in the Sullivan Creek Hydroelectric Project next couple of weeks and move on it,” Sullivan Lake has a gross volume of Cauchy said.

270,000 acre-feet with 31,000 acre-feet The building has aged over the last of active storage capacity. The lake covcentury and some structural damage ers 1,240 acres at its full pool elevation and sewer issues may need to be fixed. of 2,588.7 feet above mean sea level.

However, getting the permits from the state could be a long process according CONTINUED ON PAGE 38

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 36

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Courtesy photo|Natalie Perrin of Historical Research Associates

The ceiling is covered in triangle beams, where equipment used to hang when the powerhouse was operational.

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Project, not located on National Forest Service lands, consists of a 2,200-foot The Sullivan Lake dam is a 58-foot long long earthen canal leading into a small by 29-foot high concrete gravity dam head-pond, or forebay of 300 feet by 300 and spillway abutted feet and a 1,160-foot long by two concrete grav- Electric lights sparkled by 8 –foot diameter horseon the streets of the ity wing walls. shoe tunnel connecting the The Mill Pond dam newly formed town forebay to the penstock. A is a 134-foot long by long steel penstock and future plans took 275-foot 55-foot high concrete extends from the tunnel to on new perspectives the powerhouse. gravity dam with an 84-foot long curved The powerhouse is 100with the addition of spillway and an 850- electricity. foot long by 38-foot wide and foot long earthen dike made of brick and masonry at the left abutment. structure. There is currently The wooden flume was about 12,500 no generating or switching machinery feet long and is badly deteriorated and in the powerhouse. It has about 4,800 mostly missing. The remainder of the square feet and sits on 12 acres of land.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 37

Courtesy photo|Natalie Perrin of Historical Research Associates

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