Water and Energy Student Guide

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Water and Energy Student Guide

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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Kit Materials .................................................... 4 Correlations to National Science Standards ............... 5-6 Teacher Guide ...................................................... 7-13 Survey Answer Key ....................................................13 Science of Hydropower Model Instructions ............... 14-15 Multimeter Instructions...............................................17 The Tale of Annie Soakley ..........................................18 They’re Damming the River .................................... 19-20 Wonders of Water Assessment ...................................21 Unit Evaluation Form ..................................................22

Water and Energy was developed

by The NEED Project with funding and technical support WONDERS OF WATER was developed by the NEED Project with funding and National technical Hydropower support from the from the Association and the Hydro Research Foundation.

National Hydropower Association and the Hydro Research Foundation.

© 2009 THE NEED PROJECT • PO BOX 10101 • MANASSAS, VA 20108 • 1-800-875-5029

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Wonders of Water Teacher

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Your Body and Energy Question: How does your body use energy?

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Date: ____________________________________________

Potential or Kinetic?

Directions: Walk around your classroom and school.

Look for things that have potential energy and kinetic energy. Draw a picture of the object in its potential energy state, and then in its kinetic energy state.

POTENTIAL ENERGY

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KINETIC ENERGY

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Solids Question: What happens when you hold a solid?

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Solids Question: What happens when you drop a solid?

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Solids Question: What happens when you try to put two or more solids together?

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Liquids Question: What happens when you hold a liquid?

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Liquids Question: What happens when you drop a liquid?

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Liquids Question: What happens when you put two or more liquids together?

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Gases Question: What do you notice about air in a balloon that is not tied?

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Gases Question: What do you notice about air in a balloon that is tied?

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Investigating Gases Question: How does a dropper work?

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Date: ____________________________________________

Observing Ice Question: What will happen if the ice cube is left on the table?

Prediction: I predict ______________________________ because ________________________________________ DATA Time: ______________

Time: ______________

Time: ______________

Time: ______________

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Ice Cube Investigation Question: How can I melt the ice cube the fastest?

Prediction: I predict______________________________ because ________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Plan: Draw a picture and/or use words to show how you will melt the ice cube.

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Observations: Record your observations below. Use pictures and labels.

Time: ______________

Time: ______________

Time: ______________

Time: ______________

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©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Conclusion: Use words to describe what happened and why you think the ice cube melted.

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Date: ____________________________________________

Water as a Gas Question: How does water change from a liquid to a gas?

Draw a picture of the model system showing how water turns into water vapor. Use the words below to label what happens.

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water

Word Bank heat

liquid

evaporate

water vapor gas

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

What Did You Notice?

Question: How does water change from a liquid to a gas?

Use words to describe how water turns into a gas. Use the words from the word bank in your explanation.

Word Bank heat

water liquid

evaporate

gas

water vapor energy

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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Date: ____________________________________________

Water Wheel Investigation Draw a diagram of your water wheel system. Make sure you label all of the parts. Below, use words to explain what is happening.

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 20

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Hydropower Plant

Directions: Label the parts of a hydropower plant in the boxes.

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www.NEED.org

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

Date: ____________________________________________

Final Reflection What was the most important thing you learned about water?

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 22

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

www.NEED.org

Date: ____________________________________________

What Are You Wondering About?

After learning something new, scientists often have even more questions. They will want to find the answers.

• What questions about water do you still have?

• How can you find the answers to your questions?

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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a

b

c

Glossary

atmosphere

the layer of air that surrounds the Earth

blade

the part of a turbine that is pushed by the flowing water

cloud

a formation of water vapor in the atmosphere

condensation changing a gas into a liquid

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current

the flow of energy or flow of a substance—see ocean current

dam

a large wall built across a river to control the flow of water in the river

electricity

a form of energy; the flow of electrons

energy

the ability to do work; the power to make a change

evaporation

changing a liquid into a gas

flood

an event in which too much rain causes water to overflow river banks and move across nearby areas of land

gas

a substance without a definite shape or volume; a gas fills any container in which it is placed

gate

the part of a dam that opens and closes to control the flow of water

generator

a device that turns motion energy into electricity

gravity

the natural force of attraction between all objects in the universe; the force that pulls objects from higher places to lower places

heat

a form of energy; the amount of thermal energy in a substance

hydropower

the energy of moving water; using the energy of moving water to make electricity

ice

water in a solid state; water that has been cooled until it becomes a solid

irrigation

moving water from its natural course to water crops

kinetic energy

the energy of motion

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

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lake

a body of water surrounded by land

light

a form of energy; radiant energy; energy that travels in rays

liquid

a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite shape; a liquid takes the shape of the container in which it is placed

melting

changing a solid into a liquid

motion

a form of energy; kinetic energy; movement

nonrenewable energy source

an energy source that is not replenished quickly and takes millions of years to form such as fossil fuels and uranium

ocean

a very large body of salty water

ocean current

the flow of water through the ocean, caused by different temperatures of the water in the ocean

penstock

a large pipe in a hydropower dam through which water flows to a turbine

pollution

when a substance causes harm to the environment

potential energy

energy stored in an object; energy that an object has because of its position

power lines

wires that carry electricity from one place to another

power plant

a facility where sources of energy are used to generate electricity by moving a turbine generator

precipitation

solid or liquid water falling from a cloud onto the Earth

renewable energy source

an energy source that is replenished in a short time such as water, wind, or solar energy

reservoir

a lake formed behind a dam

river

a large flowing body of fresh water that flows into another river or an ocean

solar energy

radiant energy from the sun

solid

an object or substance with a definite shape and size

steam

water as a gas; water vapor

stream

a creek; a small flow of water

sugar

an energy-rich substance made by plants

tide

a change in the water level of the ocean at the shore, caused by the gravitational pull of the moon

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

www.NEED.org

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turbine

the part of a hydropower plant that captures the energy of flowing water and uses the energy to power a generator

volume

a measure of the space occupied by a liquid

water

the most abundant liquid on Earth; often referred to as H2O

water cycle

the movement of water through the atmosphere and across the Earth

water vapor

water in a gaseous state; steam; water that has been heated until it becomes a gas

water wheel

a device to harness the energy of moving water to do work, such as grind grain

wave

the movement of water caused by the wind

work

using a force to move an object across a distance; anything that requires energy to make a change

©2022 The NEED Project Water and Energy

www.NEED.org

Games, Puzzles, and Activities Looking for some fun energy activities? There are plenty of fun games, puzzles, and activities available at www.NEED.org/need-students/games-puzzles-activities/.

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National Sponsors and Partners Adapt2 Solutions Alaska Electric Light & Power Company American Electric Power Foundation American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers Arizona Sustainability Alliance Armstrong Energy Corporation Robert L. Bayless, Producer, LLC Baltimore Gas & Electric Berkshire Gas - Avangrid BG Group/Shell BP America Inc. Blue Grass Energy Bob Moran Charitable Giving Fund Boys and Girls Club of Carson (CA) Buckeye Supplies Cape Light Compact–Massachusetts Central Alabama Electric Cooperative CLEAResult Clover Park School District Clovis Unified School District Colonial Pipeline ComEd Confluence ConocoPhillips Constellation Delmarva Power Dominion Energy, Inc. Dominion Energy Charitable Foundation DonorsChoose Duke Energy Duke Energy Foundation East Baton Rouge Parish Schools East Kentucky Power EcoCentricNow EDP Renewables EduCon Educational Consulting Enel Green Power North America Eugene Water and Electric Board Eversource Exelon Exelon Foundation Exelon Generation Foundation for Environmental Education FPL The Franklin Institute George Mason University – Environmental Science and Policy Georgia Power Gerald Harrington, Geologist Government of Thailand–Energy Ministry Green Power EMC Greenwired, Inc.

©2021 The NEED Project

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Pepco Performance Services, Inc. Permian Basin Petroleum Museum Phillips 66 PNM PowerSouth Energy Cooperative Providence Public Schools Quarto Publishing Group Prince George’s County Office of Sustainable Energy (MD) Renewable Energy Alaska Project Rhoades Energy Rhode Island Office of Energy Resources Rhode Island Energy Efficiency and Resource Management Council Salal Foundation/Salal Credit Union Salt River Project Salt River Rural Electric Cooperative C.T. Seaver Trust Secure Futures, LLC Shell Shell Carson Shell Chemical Shell Deer Park Singapore Ministry of Education SMECO SMUD Society of Petroleum Engineers South Carolina Energy Office SunTribe Solar Tri-State Generation and Transmission TXU Energy United Way of Greater Philadelphia and Southern New Jersey Unitil University of Kentucky University of Louisville University of Maine University of North Carolina University of Rhode Island University of Tennessee University of Texas Permian Basin University of Wisconsin – Platteville U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy–Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy - Water Power Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy–Wind for Schools U.S. Energy Information Administration United States Virgin Islands Energy Office We Care Solar