24 October 2018

ARTS AND CULTURE

Politics intersecting art A celebration of unity between the cross-streets

PAGE 19

ARTS AND CULTURE

ARTS AND CULTURE

Black Hole presents “Hughie”

A look at local history

Lunch B.H.A.G.G. is back PAGE 17

The Métis community of Rooster Town PAGE 18 EDITORIAL

Support the posties A struggle for all Canadians PAGE 8 VO L 1 0 5 · N O 1 2 · O C TO B E R 2 4 , 2 0 1 8 · W W W.T H E M A N I TO B A N .CO M

Index

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VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

COMMENT

PCs push tuition up

Manitoba needs tuition to come down PAGE 10

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Garett Williams

editor@themanitoban.com / 474.8293

BUSINESS MANAGER Sohni Tappia

accounts@themanitoban.com / 474.6535

ADVERTISING COORDINATOR Sydney Last

ads@themanitoban.com / 474.6535

EDITORIAL

MANAGING EDITOR Malak Abas

me@themanitoban.com

NEWS EDITOR Malak Abas

news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

COMMENT EDITOR Jacob Singleton

comment@themanitoban.com

ARTS & CULTURE EDITOR Braiden Pergis

arts@themanitoban.com

SPORTS EDITOR Jason Pchajek

sports@themanitoban.com

COPY EDITOR Matthew Doering

copy@themanitoban.com

ASSOCIATE COPY EDITOR Sarah Doran

sarah@themanitoban.com

NEWS

Sustainable service

Composting comes to campus PAGE 5

DESIGN

DESIGN EDITOR Kellie Huynh

design@themanitoban.com

GRAPHICS EDITOR Evan Tremblay

graphics@themanitoban.com

PHOTO EDITOR Asha Nelson

photo@themanitoban.com

PHOTO AND VIDEO EDITOR Quincy Houdayer quincy@themanitoban.com

DESIGN ASSOCIATE Ernest Zarzuela GRAPHICS ASSOCIATE Scott A. Ford

REPORTERS NEWS Tyler Brass

NEWS Shauna Matthews

Blueprint for revolution

SCIENCE David Zirangey COLUMNIST Kenny Ingram COLUMNIST Rebecca Balakrishnan ARTS Amin Montazeri SPORTS Kellen Taniguchi

PAGE 14

VOLUNTEER CONTRIBUTORS

COMMENT

Five-step plan to overthrow capitalism

Craig Adolphe Tanvir Ahmed Kent Davies Justin Cheng Sahar Azizkhani

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3

News

News Editor: Malak Abas Contact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

Pro-life campaign sparks protest outside UC Dispute over reproductive rights debate and its place in public spaces MALAK ABAS, STAFF

U

of M students engaged in a peaceful protest opposing prolife campaigners outside UMSU University Centre (UC) Monday.

The protesters — many of whom were part of the U of M Student Action Network (UMSAN), a chapter of the Revolutionary Student Movement (RSM), which is a collective of students part of a wider Canadian activist movement — held up signs with phrases including “Bodily autonomy is not up for debate” and “It is okay to have an abortion.”

The group was protesting students campaigning on behalf of the Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform (CCBR), an anti-abortion group whose strategy is to “educate people on who the pre-born are and what abortion does to them,” according a statement on its website.

The CCBR campaigners held torso-length boards with graphic images labelled as early-stage aborted fetuses and ultrasounds.

CCBR Manitoba outreach co-ordinator Kyle Coffey said the group’s goal is to provide education to students.

“We’re seeking to raise awareness among students about this injustice,” he said.

Coffey said there were “a few” pro-life CCBR students actively campaigning on campus.

There were four to five CCBR campaigners outside of UC carrying signage and handing out literature Oct. 16. Between six and 10 RSM protesters handed out pro-choice pamphlets.

Arts Student Body Council women’s representative Shannon Furness, who was part of the RSM’s protest,

argued the CCBR’s imagery being publicly viewable on campus could be traumatizing to students.

“The demographic that most gets abortions is 18 to 24, so they’re here for a reason,” she said.

“And regardless of if they’re actually directly restricting our reproductive rights — which they’re not at this point — it still can impact a woman’s right to choose. It can make them feel victimized, vulnerable or ashamed about if they were to have an abortion, if they have gotten one, and if they have gotten one it can be tremendously re-victimizing. And I don’t think anyone deserves that whatsoever.”

Coffey disagreed.

“The images themselves are not traumatizing,” he said.

“They bring up a past trauma.”

U of M security became involved and asked RSM to separate itself from the CCBR and not block the signs.

The security services officer told RSM protesters they could stand “in line” with CCBR, or behind them.

While security refused to speak to the Manitoban, it was mentioned in a discussion between security and RSM that it was believed by security CCBR had filed the proper paperwork to campaign on university property, and RSM had not.

RSM member Elizabeth McMehan said while there was an issue with U of M security receiving the group’s paperwork, students had a constitutional right to demonstrate on campus, and would continue to do so.

The U of M also set up signs outside of UC advising students that

PHOTO BY SAHAR AZIZKHANI

graphic content would be on display in the area.

The two university signs, wooden boards with legal-sized paper attached, expressed the U of M’s desire to “promote a community which embraces the free exchange of ideas, freedom of expression and academic freedom,” and told students to direct any questions or concerns to the U of M human rights and conflict management officer Jackie Gruber.

McMehan said the U of M administration needed to be more involved in the discussion occurring on campus surrounding reproductive

health.

“I would also think it’s important that the university make a statement about whether or not they’re going to support a student’s right to bodily autonomy, and their right to make decisions about their own reproductive health,” she said.

UMSAN secretary Meredith Harley added that she believed the U of M was taking a stance in support of groups like CCBR, rather than being unbiased, by allowing them to campaign on campus.

“Just allowing them to propagate this kind of stuff is letting them have

a platform, and that’s enough of a stance for me,” Harley said.

UMSAN is planning to put together an initiative reaching out to U of M student groups to build a “collective presence” on campus in support of promoting progressive reproductive health practices.

McMehan stressed the importance of both U of M administration and the student body not remaining silent on the subject.

“Right now, by not saying anything, they’ve made it very clear what their position is.”

CFS, UMISA calls out treatment of Indigenous students Statement claims “Blatant disrespect for the safety and security of Indigenous students” MALAK ABAS, STAFF

A

group within the Canadian sentative, Chance Paupanakis.

“That is so anti-democratic of a Federation of Students (CFS) The statement said vice-provost process. You know, we should be able has condemned the U of M for what Indigenous engagement Lynn to schedule a meeting and within the it calls anti-Indigenous racism within Lavallée requested and was denied next couple of days, have a good sitthe university community. a meeting with the U of M’s presi- down with the president, and be able “From the utter disregard and dential executive team on behalf of to voice our concerns, but that hasn’t disdain of the only Indigenous the U of M Indigenous Students’ been the case.” administrator, to the blatant disre- Association (UMISA) to discuss U of M spokesperson John spect for the safety and security of instances of anti-Indigenous racism Danakas would neither confirm nor Indigenous students, it is no secret on campus — namely, an experi- deny whether the presidential executhat the University of Manitoba does ence in which a student enrolled in tive team actually turned Lavallée not give concern to issues that affect a philosophy course endured a racist away.

Indigenous people who are working discussion in the class.

“What’s critical is what are the valfor or enrolled in the institution,” read “It should never be this hard to ues, the intentions and the actions a public statement released by the contact the school president and to that follow,” Danakas said.

Circle of First Nations, Métis and have a sit-down with the president “And there’s a commitment on the Inuit students. and discuss something as important part of the executive team to hear The release was signed by the the as anti-Indigenous racism, and other directly from Indigenous students. group’s chairperson, Shanese Anne forms of racism as well,” Paupanakis And the vice provost and the provost Steele, and national executive repre- said. are working together to make that

happen.”

Danakas added that the university was “committed to creating pathways to Indigenous achievement” and said the university has proved this commitment.

“That commitment has been demonstrated through the mission statement and the strategic plan, which states that the core priorities of the university are uniquely strengthened by Indigenous knowledge and perspectives.”

The CFS statement suggested UMISA will explore securing further autonomy from the university as a student group.

“I can say though that this is something that we’ve been talking about for years, and that I think that this

year’s executive is ready to go ahead with that,” Paupanakis said.

He claimed an attempt was made

by UMISA to meet with UMSU president Jakob Sanderson on the issue last week, but the meeting was ultimately cancelled after concerns with timing came up.

“When it comes to talking about something so important as basically Indigenous sovereignty, we don’t want to meet for just half an hour,” said Paupanakis.

“This is something that takes if not hours, but days of discussion, potentially weeks and months of discussion, because this is a huge step.”

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News

News Editor: Malak Abas Contact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

UMFM surpasses annual fundraising goal Station raises $41,578 for special projects this year SHAUNA MATTHEWS, STAFF

PHOTO BY ASHA NELSON

U

of M radio station UMFM’s annual pledge drive PledgeO-Rama ended Friday after raising $41,578 for the station — more than $5,000 beyond its goal.

The drive, which is in its seventh year, ran from Oct. 12 to 19 with the goal of raising $36,000.

According to UMFM station manager Jared McKetiak, PledgeO-Rama has met its goal every year

and has only become more successful over time.

“Our first goal was $20,000, and so every year I’m super stoked to say that we’ve met and exceeded our goal,” he said.

“So seven years running and we’re, you know, on track to hit our highest total ever this year.”

The funds raised from Pledge-ORama account for about 15 to 20 per-

cent of the station’s annual operating installing hotspots like that,” he said.

Even after the phone lines are budget. The majority of the station’s “Through the use of like a micro- closed, McKetiak said donations funding is provided by student levies computer or Raspberry Pi, and then continue to roll in two to three weeks from both undergraduate and gradu- using Wi-Fi wireless speakers we can after the drive ends. ate students. comfortably do one listening station “It’s super awesome that the city “What we found was that it wasn’t for about four to five hundred dollars.” of Winnipeg and sort of listeners, quite enough to, I guess, cover the The concrete buildings on cam- not only across the province, but cost of running the radio station,” pus are not particularly conducive to people across the word who donate,” McKetiak said. radio waves and prevent on-campus McKetiak said.

“And so we started Pledge-O- listeners from tuning in to their own “It means a lot, I know to me, Rama seven years ago to help offset station. to the staff, to the volunteers, that those costs.”

“It’s kind of frustrating for us that people believe enough in what we The original do to give money goal amount was towards it.”

“People talk about how radio isn’t really a set to cover two According projects for the to McKetia k , viable medium anymore, and obviously I’m radio station.

UMFM receives biased, but I disagree with that” — Jared With the funds approximately 450 raised, UMFM to 500 donations McKetiak, UMFM station manager plans to digitize each year. This, its music library he said, is visible and add more proof the radio ways to listen to the station around probably the worst point of reception industry is not going anywhere anyin the city for UMFM is on the U of time soon. campus.

The station is aiming to install 25 M campus,” McKetiak said.

“People talk about how radio isn’t to 30 new listening stations around “So we know that there’s lots of really a viable medium anymore, and campus, similar to the one in the support for the station here and we obviously I’m biased, but I disagree tunnel from the UMSU University hear from a lot of students and faculty with that,” he said.

Centre to the science complex. that they’re listening to us, but it’s “And you know, seeing the number McKetiak said bringing UMFM all online. So, we just want to make of donations go up every year, seeing to more spots around campus is more it easier.” the number of donors go up every The station is looking to “blanket year, seeing the response being what affordable than some might realize.

“During the last 16 years it’s the campus” with coverage, installing it is tells me that there are still people become infinitely more afford- the hotspots in lounges across campus out there who embrace the medium.” able and doable, I guess, in terms of and even on the Bannatyne campus.

Mapping the circuits of the brain before birth U of M researcher details neurological research in lecture DAVID ZIRANGEY, STAFF

PHOTO BY ASHA NELSON

A

s scientists continue to map out information, that connect to muscles brain development in all of life’s and organs and that are involved in stages, local researchers lead the way. brain processes — are formed in the One of those researchers was fea- central nervous system. tured at the U of M’s Edge of Science In the brain, these neurons form and Medicine visiting speaker series complex functional connections with Oct. 15. Hassan Marzban, associ- each other, called neural circuits. ate professor at the U of M human These circuits are further interconanatomy and cell science department, nected with other circuits, forming gave a lecture titled Early cerebellar large scale brain networks in different circuit development; cerebellar nuclei regions of the brain. neuron formation and afferent pioneer In his lecture, Marzban discussed axons target neurons at the Bannatyne the structural order of formation campus. of the neural circuits during early Marzban started his lecture by development of the embryo, and the discussing how neurons — special- different genes, neurons and cellular ized cells that are activated by sensory processes that he and his team have

identified in their research.

Marzban’s research focuses on understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is a part of the brain responsible for co-ordinating voluntary motor functions like walking, balance and posture.

In an interview, Marzban said the cerebellum may be responsible for more brain function than once believed — while the cerebellum accounts for only 10 per cent of the entire brain’s volume, it also contains more neurons than the rest of the brain combined.

“Recently, it [has been found that] the cerebellum is involved with other [non-motor] functions such as cognitive function, emotion, language, memory and thinking,” Marzban said.

He explained that because the effects of damage to the cerebellum are most visibly manifested as poor co-ordination of movement, the cerebellum was thought to only be responsible for motor function for a long time.

“We don’t think about [the cerebellum] when someone has a cognitive problem or neuropsychiatric disorder,”

said Marzban.

Recent research, however, has found cerebellar damage to be common in some developmental disorders.

“Now we know that in autistic patients […] we have, for sure in all of the cases, cerebellum [defects],” he said.

Defects in the normal development of the cerebellum are often found in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, ataxia — lack of voluntary muscle co-ordination which can affect speech, posture, walking and eye movement — and lissencephaly — where neurons fail to move to their final location in the brain.

Marzban said he believes the present difficulty in developing therapies and treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders is because of the lack of accurate information about early development of the brain circuit, particularly in cerebellar development.

“We don’t know too much accurate information about the structure [of the cerebellum],” said Marzban, “If we don’t know the structure, then we don’t know [its appropriate] function.”

Marzban and his research team are working on a proposed conceptual

model for detecting cerebellar defects.

Using this model, he explained neurons may be defective right at the onset of embryonic development of the embryo’s neural circuits, and this foundational defect results in all circuitry that forms afterward being defective as well.

According to Marzban, understanding normal cerebellar development and how those defective circuits form will potentially inform therapeutic interventions and treatments.

“We still need lots of work to understand what the cerebellum [does],” said Marzban.

Marzban added while much research is still required to understand the complex workings of the cerebellum, gradual progress has been made by researchers in identifying mechanisms involved in early cerebellar development.

Marzban said this progress is what inspires him as an academic and a researcher.

“The [excitement] of my research,” he said, “is in creating knowledge and science.”

VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

News

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Composting project rolls out on Fort Garry campus Organic waste bins set up throughout faculty of arts buildings TY BRASS, STAFF

PHOTO BY ASHA NELSON

T

he Arts Student Body Council (ASBC) began rolling out a composting pilot program Oct. 15.

Compost bins have been placed throughout the Fletcher Argue, Isbister and Tier buildings, and students are encouraged to use them to dispose of organic waste, including coffee grounds, food waste and used paper towels.

While the ASBC has been looking into the project since 2017, work only began this summer.

ASBC director of sustainability Chantal Delaquis has been a driving force behind the program. Delaquis joined the ASBC in August and immediately prioritized getting a composting program in place.

She said a sizeable portion of the U of M’s current waste is compostable.

“When I was coming up with the proposal I looked at the waste audit that the office of sustainability did last year and over 50 per cent of our waste is compostable,” she said.

“There are other universities that

have composting in place already student volunteers.” “look[s] forward to receiving data on and I just thought that as one of the Despite concerns from the uni- this pilot.” larger universities, or the largest, versity, Delaquis said she does not U of M spokesperson John in Manitoba, we should definitely expect there to be any maintenance Danakas said the maintenance conhave that as well to set an example issues with the program. cerns did not affect the university’s for sustainability.”

“I have volunteers scheduled every support for the program.

These compost bins are a first for evening to at least check on them, “The university, through its office the U of M. According to Delaquis, or empty them if needed, and clean of sustainability, is fully supportive the ASBC expeof the composting r ie nc e d s ome initiative, helppushback from “Long-term, we want other student groups ing pay costs and t he u n iversit y attract volunteers,” to kind of take the initiative to get it started he said. administration.

“There’s a lot of “Discussions so we can have it across campus” — Chantal regarding concern from mainlogistenance and physical tics and risks are Delaquis, ASBC director of sustainability plant about things necessary for the like fruit flies, and success of the smell and animals and those types them, so we’re hoping that’s not going initiative.” of things,” said Delaquis. to be an issue.”

Delaquis said the initial plans “So it took a lot of diligent planThe program is what Delaquis were scaled back to keep the program ning to show them that I had a step- calls a “pilot project,” and the first –within budget. by-step way to deal with these issues eight-month run is expected to cost “We originally wanted to start with so that they wouldn’t have to, because anywhere from $1,500 to $1,800. nine compost bins around the faculty we don’t want to put extra work on According to the office of sustain- of arts,” Delaquis said. the maintenance staff for this type of ability, the U of M will be covering “We reduced it to five [...] for cost thing. It’s entirely student-run, with 50 per cent of the cost of pick-up and reasons. Otherwise, I think it’s a

really great investment for the Arts Student Body Council.”

Delaquis noted the program is already inspiring students on campus.

“A couple of weeks ago somebody from the engineering faculty contacted me, because they're trying to get some composting in their faculty as well,” she said.

Delaquis said she hopes more student groups will take the initiative to grow the program with the goal of eventually having more compost bins spread out across campus.

“Long-term, we want other student groups to kind of take the initiative to get it started so we can have it across campus,” Delaquis said.

“And then from there, hopefully the administration will see it’s something that’s really important to students here.”

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News

News Editor: Malak Abas Contact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

Students react to residence cannabis ban

Mount doom TANVIR AHMED

TY BRASS, STAFF

PHOTO BY ASHA NELSON

W

hile some may be enjoying the first week of legalized cannabis, students living on the U of M Fort Garry campus have been left without a place to smoke.

U of M residences prohibit the use of cannabis anywhere on residence property, even after it was legalized in Canada on Oct. 17, as per provincial legislation.

In the days leading up to the legalization date, U of M residences sent an email to all students living on campus summarizing the rules related to cannabis.

The email states that marijuana cannot be recreationally consumed, prepared, cooked, grown, sold, produced or delivered on residence property.

First-time offenders who break any of these rules will be fined a minimum of $50.

The email also notes that “delayed response in opening your door and/or attempts to remove or mask the smell of smoking cannabis indoors will raise further suspicion and increase the severity of the sanction levied.”

Caylin Campbell, a U1 student living in the residences on campus, said the rules were unfair.

“Obviously if you are caught with marijuana in your room you should be punished but not if you have a delayed response to opening your door,” she said.

“You could be in the shower or bathroom or maybe even sleeping or

have headphones in and not hear your door being knocked on.”

The 2018-19 residence contract has been updated to reflect the cannabis legalization to state “evidence of drug traces or drug paraphernalia, or the smell of a prohibited substance on residence property will be assumed to be conclusive of use or possession.”

Calvin Haase, a student living in residence, does not agree with current residence policy on cannabis and is against the prohibition.

“It’s out there, people are going to have it, people are going to use it,” said Haase. “But I get why they want to have some control over it.”

Provincial legislation states cannabis cannot be consumed on public property, which includes the U of M campus. UMSU and the university are discussing the possibility of allowing edibles in private dorms.

“I wouldn’t like to see marijuana allowed because it can smell,” Campbell said. “Although I think that edible candies and stuff like that should be allowed as it doesn’t smell.”

Justin Podoll, a student who lives in residence, thinks the wording of the email and contract leaves room for interpretation that may be abused by security.

“I respect that the university can set their own rules and have their own policies against the use of cannabis, but I think if they're going to use more rules like that, they can’t have them subjective-based,” Podoll said.

U of M sustainability month activities included a mountain made from hundreds of repurposed diposable cups.

Editorial Editor-In-Chief: Garett Williams Contact: Editor@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

8

Support Canada’s postal workers CUPW enters into labour battle for all Canadians JACOB SINGLETON, STAFF

GRAPHIC BY EVAN TREMBLAY

C

anadian posties have continually worked to improve the working conditions of their members and have offered a blueprint for a better Canada. Their current labour dispute is no different.

On Oct. 16, the Canadian Union of Postal Workers (CUPW) issued a 72-hour strike notice to Canada Post. Regardless of the outcome of this dispute, there are a few concrete lessons from this most recent battle.

Canadian media fails to understand the power dynamics of the employee-employer relationship.

CUPW — like nearly every union — strikes are not just over issues of pay but issues of working conditions.

Posties struggle for all Canadians, not just their rank-and-file.

In any labour dispute it is the employer who holds all the power.

Only the employer can raise or lower wages, benefits and change working conditions.

The union’s ultimate bargaining tool is withdrawing labour. Any time strike action materializes, it is squarely the fault of the employer.

The media’s characterization of the labour dispute misses this point entirely. Descriptions of labour disputes are always crafted to underscore the impasse, demands and potential strike action. These two parties are projected to the reader as both being

wholly equal and reasonable. Never does the media point out management’s unwillingness to relinquish control — even a modicum — of how work is performed and turn it over to workers.

CUPW’s labour dispute with Canada Post is principally founded on working conditions The most egregious depictions of this dispute published by Canadian news sources have led with headlines like “Is it time to get rid of Canada Post?” It is Canada Post, not the union, that has refused to return to the negotiating table since the strike notice was given. The media has failed monumentally in this field.

Back in September, CUPW was threatening to go on strike if its ruralbased members Rural and Suburban Mail Carriers (RSMCs) were not paid the same as urban mail carriers. The issue at heart was pay equity.

RSMCs, who are largely women, were being paid 25 per cent less than their urban counterparts. Canada

Post fought tooth and nail to main- more packages than in the same time more than a better workplace. They tain the pay gap. But both parties period in 2016 — without paying the struggle for a better Canada. agreed to enter binding arbitration additional benefits required when a Despite claims of an unprofitable on the single issue of pay equity. Lo new worker is hired. postal service, Canada Post almost and behold, the arbiter sided with Like Henry Ford, Canada Post always turns a profit. Moreover, the union. does not want to capitulate the speed- CUPW has spearheaded a plan to CEO of Canada Post Jessica up in forced overtime or even limit it, convert Canada Post’s fleet to 100 per McDonald said after the ruling, which the union is asking for. cent eco-friendly transport vehicles.

All Canada Post has to do is adopt the “Pay equity is a basic human right and therefore pay disparity on the actionable plan and help contribute But posties have basis of gender is wholly unacceptable to making Canada greener. for Canada Post.” Yet, Canada Post After Canada Post publishes its struggled for more fought CUPW for years on this issue. profits, pundits normally claim the than a better It was acceptable then. service is not economically viable.

CUPW’s labour dispute with CUPW has taken the initiative to workplace — they Canada Post is principally founded forward a plan to increase the profstruggle for a on working conditions. Just like pay itability and improve the lives of all equity, what they struggle for is foun- better Canada Canadians by using Canada Post’s dational to work life. The other major sprawling network to offer a postal sticking issues are centred on forced banking service. overtime and job security.

Not only would this bring in more Canada Post currently forces its Meanwhile, the union is also revenue, it would lighten the load workers to take on overtime dur- fighting to preserve job security for on Canadians burdened with masing the holidays, even if the worker future hires. Canada Post wants to sive banking fees. A national bank does not want it. At the same time, hold certain positions vacant per- would have unbeatable interest rates it refuses to hire more people. This petually to hire temporary workers and banking fees. A national bank amounts to a speed-up.

— who enjoy only limited protections designed for the average Canadian Back in Henry Ford’s day, he — rather than being fully staffed. could replace predatory payday would increase the speed of the Unions in general fight the hardest lenders and financially support new assembly line, little by little, to extract for working conditions. For exam- worker cooperatives. more from his workers for the same ple, at the U of M, the University Posties are working to design a pay. It was a brutal and relentless of Manitoba Faculty Association better Canada. experience.

(UMFA) went on strike largely over They hold Canada on their backs.

Here, Canada Post wants more worker protections, governance and Come and stand with them and suppackages delivered — CUPW work- the use of performance indicators. port their struggle. ers have already delivered 20 per cent But posties have struggled for

Comment Comment Editor: Jacob Singleton Contact: comment@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

10

Post-secondary suffering under PC governance

Manitoba needs accessible and affordable post-secondary education DELE OJEWOLE

GRAPHIC BY EVAN TREMBLAY

A

cross the country, student debt levels are rising to unprecedented levels. High upfront costs are a barrier students face when making the decision to pursue post-secondary education.

Since taking office in 2016, the Progressive Conservative (PC) government has balanced its budgets on the backs of students and their families.

The list of detrimental changes to post-secondary education is long.

In the fall of 2017, the PC government introduced Bill 31, which allows universities to increase tuition by five per cent plus inflation and deregulates course-related fees.

Despite an over whelming response from students against the

legislation, it was passed.

Following the adoption of this regressive policy, the government released a budget that included decreases in operational funding for post-secondary institutions, leaving them to figure out a way to cover the shortfall.

The 2018 budget also included an overall reduction in scholarships and bursaries funding for students.

To make up for this funding shortfall by the government, universities are maxing out allowable tuition increases for domestic students, reducing staff through attrition or straight cuts and taking advantage of administration’s favourite population to target: international students.

Earlier in the summer, the U of M

tabled a budget in which undergraduate international student tuition fees were increased by over $1,000 given a full course load.

This follows the recent elimination of health care for international students at the hands of the Brian Pallister government.

Tuition is one of the biggest barriers for potential students to access higher learning.

According to Statistics Canada, the cost of pursuing a post-secondary education in Canada has more than tripled over the past decade. Between 1990-1991 and 2004-2005, for example, average undergraduate tuition fees in Canada increased from $1,464 to $4,172.

Raising tuition fees will hinder students from accessing the great power of education, as well as creating a barrier to getting a good job in today’s economy. Furthermore, postsecondary education creates a more informed and dynamic citizenry.

Statistics Canada found the most frequently reported reason why high school students do not pursue postsecondary education is financial constraints. Therefore, increasing the cost of education creates a barrier to economic mobility.

About a generation ago, government funding accounted for over 80 per cent of revenue in university operating budgets.

But over the past two decades, this has changed.

More of the cost has shifted to students and wealthy donors. In Manitoba, the average student needs to work at least twice the number of hours as their 1975 counterpart to pay for the same education.

The Pallister government is failing in its responsibility to make post-

secondary education affordable. It is shifting the responsibility of funding post-secondary from the province to vulnerable students and is gradually pricing low- and middle-income families out of post-secondary education.

Lynn Zapshala-Kelln, vicepresident administration of the U of M, has attempted to rationalize this trend by suggesting Manitoba’s rising tuition is simply an attempt to raise fees to the levels of other Western provinces.

Recognizing the importance of investing in students’ education for the future of Manitoba should be the top priority of any serious and sincere government

rimental cost to Manitoba’s future. sAn educated society results in less dependence on welfare, an economically strong working class, lower crime rates and increases in the economic output.

The PCs presided over $62.8 million in cuts to post-secondary grants, assistance and funding. While justifying these cuts as instrumental to balancing the budget, the same government wrote off $118 million in loans to a multi-million-dollar corporation.

Who exactly are the PCs governing for?

Recognizing the importance of investing in education for the future of Manitoba should be the top priority of any serious and sincere government. Students will access education when it is accessible to them and when their financial situation is not a barrier.

Education is a central societal pillar that has long-term benefits.

Keeping this central pillar strong in our province — by investing in affordable and accessible postsecondary education, providing healthcare coverage to international students and ensuring post-secondary education is accessible to all — is not only the best way to keep our universities competitive, but also to bring Manitoba into the future.

Cutting funds for education will not reduce Manitoba's deficit, but it will reduce access for marginalized and low to middle-income families to post-secondary education.

Rather than engaging in a mad dash to make education unaffordable, how about setting the national standard in providing accessible and affordable education for all?

How about setting the standard in providing public healthcare to international students? And how about building a society where low and middle-class families can achieve more?

Detractors of initiatives like Dele Ojewole is the Manitoba chairthese fail to understand the cost person for the Canadian Federation of of not implementing these polices. Students.

Balancing the budget on the back of vulnerable students comes at a det-

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VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

Comment 11

How to get a job when you have no experience

No experience, no problem: How to land your first job REBECCA BALAKRISHNAN, THE WORK LIFE

job. You have two choices — either showcase the skills you do have, or seek a more junior position to prepare yourself for your ideal role.

Think of your career as a staircase.

With every experience you acquire, you are building a platform taking you one step closer to your long-term career goals.

Volunteering is often the key to levelling up your expertise. Volunteer organizations will often let you take on complex challenges out of reach in a paid gig.

Remember, the best experiences t is a classic vicious circle: you can- come with bigger commitments. not get a job because you do not Volunteer to take on significant have experience, but you cannot get responsibility and ensure you put experience because you cannot get in enough hours so your volunteer a job. experience supervisor can answer This is a problem plaguing plenty questions about you as a professional of young job seekers. reference.

The reality is most hiring managWhen climbing the career stairers expect new hires to come in with case you should also be strategic in a certain level of competence. They selecting a junior position. Seek want proof you understand basic work a role that will allow you to access expectations such as showing up on relevant professional development, time and collaborating with others. build experience in your field or meet To get hired, you will need to people who can help you land a spot prove you are capable of doing the in your desired career.

I

Volunteer Manitoba is a good place to start. Check out its volunteer board for posted opportunities.

You can also contact organizations directly to see if they are willing to take on a volunteer, even if there is nothing currently listed online.

Beyond gaining experience, volunteering for the simple joy of giving back to the community can be honourable and important. As you build your resumé, you might also find a cause you are passionate about that you will continue to support throughout your life.

Still, volunteering is a privilege not everyone can afford. When you have bills to pay, it might not be possible to invest hours into building experience with no paycheque in sight.

Fortunately, there are plenty of businesses willing to take a chance on inexperienced workers. Apply for entry level positions in sales and retail. This can lay the foundation for movement within a firm or provide you with industry insights valuable to future employers.

As you build your resumé, take

inventory of the experience you do have. Everything from schoolwork to sports teams can be used to demonstrate your skills on a resumé or during an interview.

To be a competitive applicant, you will need to create a tailored resumé and cover letter.

Volunteering is often the key to levelling up your expertise Write a new document for every position you apply for, focusing on how your skills make you a great candidate for that specific job.

In your cover letter, draw on personal experience with the organization you are applying to. It is easiest to write authentically about companies you genuinely admire.

Tell a story about a meaningful experience you had as a customer.

Even if you have never worked before, this connection demonstrates interest

in the organization and suggests you would work hard in the role.

For those with less experience, a combination resume is ideal. Instead of listing your experiences in reverse chronological order like a typical resume, combination resumes focus on demonstrating the skills you built in school, extracurricular activities and volunteering.

If you do not know where to start, you can find plenty of resumé samples on the university’s career services website.

Although it can feel overwhelming to look for your first job, do not put it off. The longer you wait, the harder it will become.

You will always need to start somewhere, and it usually feels better to do entry level work as a student as opposed to as a new graduate.

On the bright side, this problem should only happen to you once. Start now and you will be on track for a successful career.

Rebecca Balakrishnan is a career consultant. Her column appears weekly.

The dangers of Trudeau’s political neutrality Middle-wayism on civil rights leads to mediocre policy KENNY INGRAM, STAFF

I

n September 2018, Devon division,” while “pitting Canadians figure out his games and his failure Hargreaves, an Alberta-based against Canadians.” to uphold basic rights and liberties. activist, started a petition calling Unfortunately, to Trudeau, the However, it also comes down to on Justin Trudeau’s government to protection of Muslim women from Trudeau’s impulsive tendency to comimplement a nation-wide ban on persecution seems to only serve promise on each and every issue. In conversion therapy. the purpose of political expediency. his mind, he is shepherding all sides Conversion therapy refers to the When he had the opportunity to dis- towards a middle way. What Trudeau therapeutic attempt to change the avow and tear apart legislation passed fails to grasp is that on some issues sexual orientation of LGBTTQ* in Quebec’s provincial legislature on there is no middle ground. There is individuals to heterosexuality using this exact issue, he responded by say- simply the right side and the wrong prayer, behaviour modification and ing “it’s not up to the federal govern- side. And to stand in the middle is to counselling. be planted firmly on the wrong side. ment to challenge” the legislation.

Still, after over a month of camBased solely in policy, he is correct This is an incredibly dangerous paigning and over 3,000 signatures, — the federal government has little approach to key issues. A compromise Canadians have yet to hear a response legislative power to stop this type between good and bad policy will from their prime minister on some- of provincial legislation. However, only lead Canadians down a path of thing that would otherwise be a based on optics, the federal gov- mediocre policy. political layup. ernment can do a lot. This could Attempting to compromise, for Unfortunately, this attitude is include having the attorney general example, with the Conservative Party nothing new to Trudeau. When it of Canada file a challenge to the by building ever more pipelines will comes to civil rights and other key legislation in the Superior Court of only lead Canada down a path of issues, his campaign promises often Quebec and hold public forums and fiscal and economic irresponsibility tell a different story than his govern- town halls specific to this issue to while the rest of the world embraces ment’s track record. raise public awareness. the green economy.

In the campaign, he went after But Trudeau has done none of this, Attempting to compromise with former prime minister Stephen and it comes down to one key reason: Israel — a country that is illegally Harper over Harper’s civil rights his precious poll numbers. A recent occupying the land of Palestinians record again and again, with guns poll stated 68 per cent of Canadians against United Nations treaties — by blazing. However, after he got into want a Quebec-style face covering abstaining, rather than voting “No,” power, his rhetoric on these key ban in their province. on a UN vote to recognize Jerusalem issues seems to be watered down and Trudeau would rather maintain as Israel’s capital when half of the weakened. his power and popularity ratings on city belongs to the Palestinian people When it comes to the niqab — the basis of neutrality and compro- means Canada is complicit in Israel’s one of the key issues that defined the mise when it comes to standing up flagrant violations of international 2015 election — Trudeau was always against popular authoritarian policy. law. a strong opponent to any attempt This is a losing strategy any way Trudeau must understand who to ban its use. During the election you look at it. Canadians lose when honest actors in the pursuit of sound campaign, Trudeau accused Harper they get poor, uncontested legislation. policy are and who he must fight of “stirring up the politics of fear and And Trudeau loses when Canadians against tooth and nail.

GRAPHIC BY EVAN TREMBLAY

Unfortunately, the repercussions of Trudeau’s neutrality, on nearly all matters, will be felt long after he leaves office.

As our nation coalesces around normalizing the violation of the civil rights of a minority group, our government’s leader stands on no sides.

Facing no hurdles from leadership, the willingness to strip rights away from a minority group will inevitably lead to the egregious persecution of

those people.

Sometimes there is just a right side and a wrong side and nothing in-between.

If Trudeau continues acting in neutrality, he will not be trying to bring our nation together or finding a compromise.

By default, he will be supporting the indefensible.

So, Prime Minister Trudeau, which side are you on?

Make it memorable.

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VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

Comment 13

Pallister provides relief to struggling Manitobans Sunny days in Manitoba restored after carbon tax nixed JUSTIN CHENG

W

hen Premier Brian Pallister decided to pull Manitoba out of the federal carbon-tax plan, he provided much-needed relief to the 232,000 families living in poverty in Manitoba.

For Manitobans with an interest in environment news, the past few weeks have provided a lot of headlines. Not only did the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) come out with a special report on climate change, but this comes in the wake of many of the provinces, most recently Manitoba, pulling out of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s federal carbon-tax plan.

It seems like the list of naysayers to Trudeau’s carbon-tax grows by the day. Saskatchewan and Ontario were the first to pull out of carbon pricing in March and July, respectively.

Manitoba followed suit earlier this month. Alberta and Newfoundland both look like they will oppose the federal tax and potentially pull out, while little is known about the plans of the other Atlantic provinces. All in all, there seems to be growing unhappiness with the federal carbon-tax plan.

Climate change can be combated with policy other than the carbontax plan.

To address the issue, Pallister said he supports a “made-in-Manitoba

green plan.” Pallister’s government the largest polluters was not going to has continued to invest in renewable be included in the scheme, this plan energy sources in Manitoba, while was never going to seriously address going beyond the federal govern- the problem. ment’s goals and aiming to focus on While large industry found a way protecting clean water in Manitoba to be exempt from terrible carbon tax, as well as other natural environments. struggling Manitobans were still on The Progressive Conservative gov- the hook. ernment promises to be good stewThe carbon-tax plan would have ards of Manitoba’s environment and resulted in a gas price hike of over secure a green future for the province five cents per litre in Manitoba. without the imposition of a costly Depending on their reliance on vehiccarbon tax. ular transport, this rise would have With many people within the fed- cost families between $125 and $500 eral government criticizing Pallister’s annually. Furthermore, Manitobans decision, it is important to remem- would have seen as much as a $200 ber the impact a carbon tax would hike in their household natural gas have on ordinary Canadians and annually.

Manitobans.

Beyond the direct cost the carTrudeau claims that a federally- bon tax would have imposed on imposed carbon tax will not hurt Manitobans’ transportation costs, Canadians, that every dollar collected the carbon tax would have indiwill stay in each respective province. rectly increased the costs of most Just because the taxes collected stay goods Manitobans rely on. As in the province does not mean help to industry would have responded to the Manitoban who is trying to make the increased cost of doing business, ends meet as prices rise to reflect the they would have invariably passed tax. that cost to consumers. This would Until Manitoba decided to pull have amounted to between $200 and out of the plan, certain industries $500 of indirect costs to the average received exemptions from this tax Manitoban household.

Manitobans just could not afford with the goal of protecting vulnerable sectors of the economy. In the the proposed carbon tax. plan, all agricultural-related emisAs many as 35 per cent of sions were exempt until at least 2019, Manitobans live below the poveven though the industry accounts erty line. In 2018, child poverty for 32 per cent of emissions. If one of rates in Manitoba were the highest

GRAPHIC BY EVAN TREMBLAY

among the provinces. Even more Manitobans are classified as lowincome. These are the people that Pallister’s decision will help the most.

Serious considerations must be taken when deliberating climate change policies. Politicians need to consider all of the people affected by these policies and seriously weigh their options. The Canadians and Manitobans living below and around the poverty line will be the ones hardest hit if a federal carbon tax is imposed. While the federal government continues to criticize Manitoba, Pallister has provided an

alternative that will not only protect low-income Manitobans but will also provide environmental protections.

Pallister’s model is built for the Manitoban context and for the people of Manitoba.

MPs in Ottawa do not know what is best for Manitobans when it comes to climate policy. The elected government of Manitoba does.

Trudeau and his government are out of touch with the people of Manitoba.

But from someone so rich and privileged their entire life, could you ever expect anything different?

Open question QUINCY HOUDAYER, STAFF

Winnipeg voters will cast ballots in a municipal election today that includes a referedum question whether to re-open the Portage and Main intersection to pedestrian traffic.

14 Comment

Comment Editor: Jacob Singleton Contact: comment@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

From Lenin with love How to install the dictatorship of the proletariat in Canada JACOB SINGLETON, STAFF

would not have been successful without the support of the soviets — democratic worker-created assemblies.

To legitimately speak and act for the working class, leftists must acquire legitimacy by demonstrable support of the working class in elections.

5) Wither away the bourgeois state

SO YOU SAY YOU WANT A

REVOLUTION GRAPHIC BY EVAN TREMBLAY

C

anada, as a modernized capitalist society, is fertile ground for the seed of socialist revolution.

Here is a five-step plan to plant and cultivate the overthrow of the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and install the dictatorship of the proletariat.

1) Establish an organized revolutionary vanguard

Before one runs, they first must walk.

Consciousness raising is integral to establishing what Vladimir Lenin called the “vanguard of the proletariat.” These are the most committed agents of the revolution who do the bulk of the organizing, educating and governing. But an organized group of radicals needs to form to begin the process.

Normally this is interpreted as a worker’s party who constitute a militant group of committed socialists from the working class or intelligentsia. But far too many small and sectarian leftist groups are masquerading under the guise of the vanguard of the proletariat.

Lenin did not lead a small group of marginalized and dislodged bumbling radicals, after all. Lenin led a popular working class revolution.

A singular, broadly leftist, vanguard of revolutionaries needs to be established to carry out the remaining steps, not a thousand fractured groups.

And now that our planet is facing a crisis caused almost entirely by the capitalist mode of production — not individual consumption as the capitalist class suggests — a unified and dedicated vanguard is perhaps finally possible.

2) Raise class consciousness by serving the people

Most theoreticians and organizers of the revolutionary left

reside outside of the working class and have embedded themselves principally within the academy.

Revolutionaries in the academy have worked tirelessly to advance the needs of university students and workers — and with some success.

But this comes at the abandonment of the natural home of the left: the working class.

As a result, conservatives have won the working class’s ear. In conservative rhetoric, the working class is rightly elevated as a capable and independent group. Wrongly, conservatives tell the working class it is the government rather than the culpable capitalist class that is responsible for life’s struggles.

Leftists need to take a page out of Mao Zedong’s playbook and exist to “serve the people.” This means infiltrating workplaces and improving working conditions through unionization, helping working class people clean their communities and maintain their homes and even organizing defense committees for both legal defense and combat training. For example, American leftists have worked to arm marginalized working class communities under siege by a violent and reactionary right-wing.

Of course, through it all, leftists must spread the message of socialism unabashedly to inform the working class of their revolutionary power.

3) Develop a simple set of interim policies to organize behind

The struggle to establish the dictatorship of the proletariat will be long and protracted. In the meantime, workers will continue to suffer under the capitalist mode of production. It is then in the interest of a leftist movement to develop simple policies to address immediate worker suffering.

Since Karl Marx penned the

Communist Manifesto and the 10 policies found within in it, leftists have had a blueprint for seizing power.

The Black Panther Party issued a 10-point program that served as a clear rallying call and an interim set of policies to ease the pain inflicted by capitalism and American racism.

Even prisoners who engaged in the 2018 prison strike had a list of 10 demands to address their immediate conditions.

Marx advocated for taking his 10 policies and adjusting them for the national context. Leftists should heed his call and create 10 policies unique to the Canadian context to address the immediate needs of workers and help establish a socialist foothold.

These leftist policies should underscore the independence and ability of the working class. A call to nationalize Canadian banking and implement a scheme to promote and create worker cooperatives across Canada is imperative to achieve this.

4) Engage in the parliamentarian battle

One of the most unproductive trends among leftists is a call to withdraw from electoral politics.

This is patently wrongheaded.

Rather, these leftists view a spontaneous revolution as the only conduit for a leftist vision of Canada to be realized.

An electoral strategy can be used to achieve a dictatorship of the proletariat, but leftists must first engage in the electoral process. Implementing a 10-point plan towards socialism requires engagement in parliamentarian battles.

And, if a strong class consciousness is established, electing a socialist government is possible.

While there is merit in arguing capitalist democracy is hardly a tool for socialist revolution, Lenin

Once in power, an elected socialist government would have considerable power. While international law remains an obstacle to establishing a dictatorship of the proletariat, there are not many mechanisms stopping a dedicated socialist government from dismantling the capitalist mode of production in Canada.

One of the most important features of the Canadian constitution is the absence of the right to property. This right protects the capitalist’s ability to reap profits from labour and collect rent.

In most capitalist countries this is the bulwark against worker expropriation. The only protections for capitalist property rights are provincial laws and an act of Parliament. A socialist federal government has the power to easily overcome those obstacles.

The capitalist state is maintained, in large part, because of the anti-democratic first-pastthe-post voting and the Canadian Senate. Both of these features of Canadian democracy, once socialists take power, should be abolished to ensure power remains in the hands of workers. Unlike the current Liberal Party, that failed to keep its promises on electoral reform, it would be in the interest of a socialist government to see this reform through.

The only protections for capitalist property rights are provincial laws and an act of parliament From here, all remnants that supported the bourgeois state should be dismantled and replaced with socialist forms until the bourgeois state is gone and a socialist state — unrecognizable from the old — emerges.

The task seems daunting, especially when the supposed Canadian left has no presence in the working class and leftist liberals continually denounce the working class with disdain as ignorant fools. Yet we must try.

For the future of our planet, for the future of freedom and democracy, there is no alternative to socialism.

Comment Corner A collection of some of your social media responses to Manitoban stories published this past week

Pro-life campaign sparks protest outside University Centre "If I have to hear one more asshole on campus tell me I’m a murderer for making a god damn responsible decision at the age of 18, I may vomit. All over them."

— Cassy Fallon Kissack

Socialize weed retailers now "Anytime the government is involved in business it is a complete waste. Hydro, MPI, etc. Glad Pallister took the right steps with cannabis sales."

— Shawn Williment

Cannabis remains banned on U of M campus "The smell of cannabis is not a lawful reason to go after someone. Unreal. Doesn't the U of M teach law?"

— Jeff Penn "Legalize it" — Tom Ingram

Pot is a start — now legalize the rest "Whoever wrote this is a clown" — Mohamed Soussi Gounni "Are they allowed to drink on campus/in their dorm rooms?

I can maybe understand not smoking it if it is causing respiratory issues in others but are they allowed cigarettes?

How about edibles?

Wouldn't they be allowed if the smell is the issue?"

— Amanda Aych "I saw the title and just assumed this was a Vice article for a second."

— Ryan Poirier

CANNABIS CAN BE ADDICTIVE.

CANNABIS CAN LEAD TO DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY.

CANNABIS CAN HARM YOUR BABY.

CANNABIS WILL AFFECT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT.

CANNABIS WILL Impair YOUR ability to drive.

STREET CANNABIS ISN’T WORTH THE RISK.

CANNABIS AD 10x16 - Manitoban PO#4501102133

Diversions Graphics Editor: Evan tremblay Contact: graphics@themanitoban.com / 474.6775

16 PREVIOUSLY...

Good morning.

No.8

Slept okay? I know those bunks are a sorry excuse for a bed.

It was warmer than the ground.

So, thank you.

It’s the least we could do after you killed that beast.

Thank goodness you were here.

What?

I wouldn’t be here without Phlox.

She saved my life. She’s helping me get back home.

They’re not animals, you know.

...The beasts. ?

They can’t be.

They don’t kill for food. They can’t even eat.

They’re just claws and teeth...

You’ve seen them up close -- a hole where their stomach should be -- ribs hanging out...

They don’t even have eyes, or ears, or nostrils!

PALLISTER-BABY will sit on Cliff Graydon’s lap

Well then it’s a good thing I found some claws of my own.

...and I swear their teeth are just more claws.

...I should Thank you go. again.

Good luck.

I hope you reach your village.

It’s just past these trees ...

SCOTT A. FORD

...

How many times has Neoma died now?

How many times has Phlox resurrected her?

I wonder if she’s any closer to home...

#BOREALCOMIC A Perfectly Cromulent Election

“A recent survey found that among the highest percentage of Jenny voters are those people who angrily demand to see a manager when a teenage worker screws up their food order.”

CATCH UP ON BOREAL AT THEMANITOBAN.COM

...or if she’s just getting more lost.

17

Arts & Culture Arts & Culture Editor: Braiden Pergis Contact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Black Hole Theatre Company presents “Hughie”

Play opens theatre's Lunch B.H.A.G.G. season BRAIDEN PERGIS, STAFF

Bailey Chin, left, and Annie MacRae star in the latest Black Hole Theatre Company production of Hughie.

T

he Black Hole Theatre Company opened its Lunch B.H.A.G.G. — Black Hole Anarchist Group — season last week with the production of Hughie, written by Eugene O’Neill, the 1936 Nobel Prize winner in literature.

The season is comprised of plays that are approximately 45 minutes long, shorter than a full-length play.

The play was directed by Evan Martin, stage-managed by Ben Krawchuk and starred Bailey Chin and Annie MacRae. Timing played a significant factor in the production of Hughie.

“I, personally, and the director both started in August,” said Krawchuk.

“We started pre-production which is — in a show this small — kind of the smaller stuff, which is getting auditions ready, getting audition

PHOTO BY ASHA NELSON

notices ready, getting audition sides MacRae, purely based on their talent. ing angle to the overall performance there with two men playing.” ready and making sure we have eve“It wasn’t based on trying to do as their characters are presented “I definitely think it allows people rything so we can start the process,” something different or anything as two women, but are referred to to sympathize with Erie a bit more he said. specific like that. They were just the throughout the play using the gen- just because it’s not this male chauHe added that auditions took best that came and fit the role, so [I] dered pronouns “he/him.” vinist — it’s like a female chauvinist,” place in the first “There are a lot MacRae said. week of September of lines and parts “I feel like people are more com“I definitely think it allows people and rehearsals folof the script where fortable laughing at those bits,” said lowed a week later.

Erie Smith is defi- Chin. to sympathize with Erie a bit more The play nitely a womanizer MacRae said she finds the social just because it’s not this male chauvinist focuses on two in his own way, comments regarding the casting of characters forced whether it’s true the play to be most interesting as it — it’s like a female chauvinist” — to confront their or not, and he parallels the historical landscape of ow n persona l kind of degrades the setting. The play is set in the 1920s, Annie MacRae, actor in Hughie demons of loneli— he’s very deroga- a time between the World Wars, an ness and respontory, he degrades important historical standpoint for sibility to one women in the way the suffragette movement. another through reminiscent dia- couldn’t say no,” Martin said. that he speaks a lot,” Chin said.

Other Lunch B.H.A.G.G. shows logue throughout one night.

His choice resulted in Chin play“I think it’s an interesting take hav- can be watched at the John J. Conklin O’Neill’s script called for two ing Erie Smith and MacRae playing ing a female play that character. I feel Theatre in the Gail Asper Performing male characters but Martin picked Charlie Hughes, also known as the like it takes a bit of the edge off — a Arts Hall in Taché Hall at 150 Dafoe the two female leads, Chin and “Night Clerk.” This added an interest- little discomfort that could have been Road.

Volunteer for Arts

18

Arts & Culture

Arts & Culture Editor: Braiden Pergis Contact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

New book uncovers portion of Métis history

Rooster Town explores a fringe community on the Prairies BRAIDEN PERGIS, STAFFT

self-building could lead to more financial stability, the need to pay property tax without the safety of social security could result in economic vulnerability.

Rooster Town also looks into the association between how poverty, unemployment and depression lead to residents trying to buy inexpensive land or squatting to access Winnipeg’s labour market, while also having to share residences with other families during the Great Depression.

Peters said doing this research has contributed to growing local interest in remembering the historic town.

Evelyn Peters, co-author of Rooster Town, discusses her book at UMFM. PHOTO BY ASHA NELSON

E

velyn Peters, Matthew Stock and Adrian Werner released their new book, Rooster Town, on Oct. 19 at McNally Robinson.

It explores the fringe Métis community from which the book gets its name that was once situated on the outskirts of Winnipeg — what is now St. Norbert, Man. Peters said one of her personal reasons for studying the settlement was purely academic.

“Virtually no research has been conducted that addresses the history of the Métis people in cities,” she said.

“Work on Indigenous people and

municipal colonialism has focused entirely on First Nations people.

Métis peoples’ experience[s] were very different and we wanted to explore one aspect of those experiences.”

Rooster Town existed between 1901 and the late 1950s and was mainly populated by a large Métis community. The City of Winnipeg eventually began pressuring Rooster Town households to move into Winnipeg’s poverty stricken North End. The settlement began with six families that moved from the St. Norbert parish, growing to 59 households, with an estimated population

of over 250 people.

Low-income families, left in hardship after the First World War, also inhabited the town, resulting in the lack of a social safety net for the entire community as veterans began to return from war.

In the book, it is noted that City of Winnipeg property tax data shows residents’ tenures varied — some paid taxes on land they were squatting on and purchased small plots of land.

Despite the 1870 Manitoba Act, few Métis people received the title to their land.

The book also noted that while

“Much of the city of Winnipeg is built on land that was originally Métis land, and that should be acknowledged” — Evelyn Peters, co-author of “Rooster Town”

Town’s poverty by photographing its poorest areas. Sensationalist articles were also written that homogenized and humiliated residents, characterizing them as filthy, disease-ridden and dependent on social assistance, while ignoring the environment of poverty caused by dispossession and discrimination faced by Métis people of the Prairies.

“The records suggest that household heads forming the early nucleus of the community were part of the segment of the Red River Métis who had been dispossessed of their land and lived in deep poverty as agricultural labourers,” Peters said.

“Other researchers have found that Métis living in similar situations in Manitoba were extremely reluctant to move to larger cities because of known discrimination against the Métis in urban areas.”

Several houses established in Rooster Town still stand today, but aside from that there are no remnants of the town.

Peters said she hoped this book will help inform readers about Métis history.

“While there is growing recognition that urban areas in Canada were built on First Nations land, there is much less recognition of the fact that, in some cases, cities were also built on Métis land,” she said.

“Much of the city of Winnipeg is built on land that was originally Métis land, and that should be acknowledged.”

“Various organizations in Winnipeg now seem to be interested in recognizing and commemorating Rooster Town,” Peters said.

“However, as Darrell Sais, former Rooster Town resident Frank Sais’s son, points out, before the city of Rooster Town can be purchased on Winnipeg begins to celebrate that history, Rooster Town residents and Amazon, at McNally Robinson and at their descendants deserve an apology.” uofmpress.ca She noted that town residents were only persuaded to move after reporters had emphasized Rooster

VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

Arts & Culture

19

Unity in the middle of Portage and Main

Vote Open brings performers and poets to heart of Winnipeg’s downtown BRAIDEN PERGIS, STAFF

T

o reopen or not to reopen Portage and Main to pedestrians is inarguably one of the most prevalent debates in the upcoming Winnipeg mayoral elections, and voters are making their voices heard in creative ways.

Over the weekend, Open Fest took place at 201 Portage Avenue.

Open Fest was the collaboration of many Winnipeggers and featured musical entertainment on several stages from a variety of local bands and artists including JD and the Sunshine Band, JP Hoe, Julie Penner, Smoky Tiger and Royal Canoe.

The event also had several key speakers and poets in attendance, including Winnipeg’s poet laureate Di Brandt, Brent Bellamy, Joe Kornelson from Functional Transit and city councillor Jenny Gerbasi. All performers played for free.

Local musicians played throughout Saturday in support of Openfest, with Royal Canoe closing off the event.

PHOTO BY QUINCY HOUDAYER

much about enjoying local artists as it was about the intersection.

“You know, the nice thing about music is it’s undefined and tends to connect people in ways they don’t understand,” he said.

“I think coming downtown and [seeing] what it’s like to look at people face to face, to see their bodies move, definitely reminds you of how important it is that we connect.”

He said Open Fest’s intention was to send a different message to attendees and those in traffic, beside voting yes or no.

“The real message that we’re trying to send to everybody is that we actually have everyone’s interest at heart.”

Swanson said opening the intersection would also help the environment.

“Transportation is already a third of greenhouse gases in Manitoba and [a] big percentage of those come from people driving alone,” he said.

“The real message “The interesting thing, first of all, is that most people don’t want to be that we’re trying to doing that. They would rather not.

The vast majority of people [would] send to everybody rather ride a bicycle in a bike lane if is that we actually they had one.”

He also argued against the idea have everyone’s that opening the intersection could interest at heart” — cause a traffic problem, stating that “this is a traffic solution.”

Anders Swanson, “In 20 years from now, if we open Portage and Main, we’ll have a lot concert co-organizer more businesses and apartment buildings right near this intersection.

And because it’s so close to the intersection, it generates taxes and “It’s part of the natural progression ends up giving us money to be put of our city and for the last 15 years, into all different kinds of things — we’ve made incredible strides to make whether it be changing all our lights a more livable, walkable city and just out to LED, whether it’s doing our continue to keep up with the other buildings so they’re not just wasting cities around the world,” Hoe said. heat into the atmosphere.”

Anders Swanson, the concert co-organizer, said Open Fest was as

Sports Sports Editor: Jason Pchajek Contact: sports@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

20

Bisons men's hockey mauled by Regina Cougars

Winless Cougars push Bisons into last by stealing four points in sweep JASON PCHAJEK, STAFF

PHOTO BY JEFF MILLER

F

ollowing a split series against the defending national champion University of Alberta Golden Bears, the Bisons men's hockey club looked to build momentum in a series against the winless University of Regina Cougars.

Instead, Regina stole four points as Manitoba sank into last place.

“That was early in the game, we Saturday afternoon and even up the and he snapped one by for the 1-0 had plenty of time to bounce back series, but were swept by a 6-3 score. Bisons lead. from that,” Sirant said.

The herd held a 2-0 lead heading “Came in off the rush, took a shot, “We didn’t start really competing into the second before allowing five goalie made a real nice save,” Nault and playing the way we should until unanswered goals en route to the loss. said. in the third period, and that’s what “Our compete and our urgency was “But credit to [Devon Skoleski] much better than last night,” Sirant and [Jeremy] Leipsic, they battled the happens, you run out of time.”

Regina added to its lead late in the said. puck back into the corner. I was able frame, as Tristan to pick it up down Frei and Arthur low and then walk “Our compete and our urgency was Friday Miller broke into into the slot, found The Bisons stumbled Friday, the Manitoba a nice little spot much better than last night” — Mike handing Regina its first win of the zone. Frei sent a to shoot and feels Sirant, Bisons head coach campaign 3-1. pass from the halfnice to get the first The Bisons played on their heels wall to a streakone.” most of the game, losing puck battles ing Miller, who Late in the and mishandling passes. deflected the puck over a sprawled “We lost our focus with the penal- first period, Adam Henry extended “We just got away from our identity Spriggs for a 2-0 lead. ties and, although we were compet- the Manitoba lead. He picked up so much in this game tonight,” Bisons The snowball continued to roll ing and playing with more urgency the puck on a broken play and put head coach Mike Sirant said. in the third, as Corey Kosloski was today, our execution still wasn’t what it on goal from an odd angle. The “We’ve had a good start to the sea- the beneficiary of a Bisons defensive it needs to be.” shot bounced around and snuck by son because we played to our iden- breakdown for the 3-0 lead. The herd The herd had eight penalties in MacAuley to give Manitoba a 2-0 tity — we got so far from playing to finally responded two minutes later. the game, including two unsports- lead. our identity [tonight] that we didn’t A Mackenzie Dwyer point- manlike calls and a match penalty Regina came back in the second deserve to win.” shot was stopped by Regina goalie to Liam Bilton. period tying things up, first with After a scoreless first period, Dawson MacAuley and the puck While Regina only scored once a goal by Tyler King and then by Regina broke through in the second dropped in front. Brett Brooks won on the powerplay, the flaring tem- Brennan Riddle. with a shorthanded goal from Zach the foot race and tucked in his second pers and penalty-kill time stunted Tate Coughlin picked up a loose McPhee. of the year to cut the Cougars’ lead to all momentum for Manitoba. puck in the corner and sent a pass A blocked Bisons shot was sent up 3-1. That was all the herd got, as the Bisons fans did not have to wait to Riddle at the point. He stepped ice where McPhee chased it down. team fell to 2-3-0 on the year. long for a goal, as Kamerin Nault got into it, hammering a shot top-corner He walked in on a partial break and his team on the board six minutes in. on Bisons goaltender Dasan Sydora, snapped a shot five-hole on Byron Saturday A shot was stopped by MacAuley and knotting the game at 2-2 in the Spriggs to give the Cougars a 1-0 lead.

The club looked to respond the puck found a wide open Nault second.

Then, in the third, everything fell apart for Manitoba.

Zak Zborosky put on a clinic, scoring a natural hat trick in just under seven minutes to put Regina ahead 5-2.

The first came off a cross-ice pass from Jordan Burns, and the next two were nearly identical, as Zborosky walked in alone and snapped a shot

by Sydora.

“I was getting a lot of chances all game and yesterday too, and I was getting a little frustrated,” Zborosky said.

“And then finally in the third period, Jordan Burns gave me a good pass backdoor and it went in and then just kinda took off from there.”

Nault added his second of the game with less than five to go, but Corwin Stevely iced the game with an empty netter, giving Regina the win.

The Bisons will look to avenge the losses next week when they visit the Mount Royal Cougars in Calgary.

Game one is Oct. 26 at 7 p.m. MDT and game two is the next day at 3 p.m. MDT.

VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

Sports

21

Bisons clinch playoff berth despite loss

Second-half collapse sinks herd JASON PCHAJEK, STAFF

T

he U of M Bisons football team entered Saturday’s action with a chance to clinch a playoff spot in style, but instead a second half collapse sent the herd limping home with a 27-4 loss and a playoff berth for its troubles.

With the loss to the University of Saskatchewan Huskies, Manitoba falls to 3-4 on the year and fourth in the conference.

However, a silver lining remains — after Alberta lost 30-11 to UBC, Manitoba officially clinched a playoff berth.

A silver lining remains — after Alberta lost 30-11 to UBC, Manitoba officially clinched a playoff berth With only a single game remaining for the two clubs, the best the 2-5 University of Alberta Golden Bears can do is tie Manitoba. The herd holds the edge in the season series — beating Alberta in back-to-back contests — and the tiebreaker.

Manitoba got on the board first on Saturday as Brad Mikoluff snagged a

PHOTO BY TREVOR HAGAN

field goal with 4:16 remaining in the opening quarter. The Huskies only mustered a safety in response, ending the quarter with the Bisons up 3-2.

Mikoluff added a single in the second quarter, but Saskatchewan nabbed another safety, sending the teams into halftime knotted up at 4-4.

The first half was a defensive battle for both teams. The herd staged a goal-line stand in the second quarter,

turning the ball over on downs, while the Huskies pushed Manitoba all the way back into their own end zone to snag their safeties.

It was in the second half where it all went wrong for Manitoba.

With 5:22 left in the third quarter, Saskatchewan quarterback Kyle Siemens found Tyler Chow in the end zone with an eight-yard bullet for the touchdown. Sean Stenger added

the convert and the Huskies had an 11-4 lead.

Stenger added a single in the fourth quarter and Chow went to work again. The Huskies lined up on the Manitoba three-yard line, Siemens handed it off to Chow and he broke through the Bisons defensive line for the score.

Stenger added yet another single, giving Saskatchewan a 20-4 lead in

the fourth quarter.

Then, as has happened all year for Manitoba, a mistake put the game out of reach. Tristian Koronkiewicz recovered a Manitoba fumble and carried it 38 yards to the house for a 27-4 win.

The Bisons will close out the regular season against the UBC Thunderbirds at home Oct. 27. Kickoff is 2 p.m. CDT.

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Sports

Sports Editor: Jason Pchajek Contact: sports@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Bisons all-star returns to play for Bombers

Geoff Gray will look to help Blue and Gold on playoff drive KELLEN TANIGUCHI, STAFF

PHOTO BY BISON SPORTS

G

eoff Gray is returning to Investors Group Field — but he will be wearing a new uniform.

The 23-year-old, six-foot-six, 310-pound offensive lineman has signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers to help protect their quarterback. Gray was selected eighth overall by the Bombers in the 2017 CFL draft.

Gray pursued some NFL opportunities following his career at the University of Manitoba. He first signed with the Green Bay Packers,

before getting some time with the New York Jets and Cleveland Browns practice squads. He did not find a fit with a team in the NFL, which led him to come back to his hometown and play in Winnipeg.

“I look forward to being able to play at home in front of family and friends,” Gray told Global News.

Gray said he is looking forward to a more stable situation in the CFL, as he prefers to get settled in one place and not have to move multiple times in a season.

“I just want to get in a football situation where I feel a bit more stable and comfortable,” Gray said.

“For me, personally, I’d like to be settled. I don’t like moving around a whole bunch. Logistically it’s a pain.”

When Gray was waived by the Packers and signed to the Jets practice squad, he took the 15-hour drive from Green Bay to New Jersey and does not recommend it.

Winnipeg will now have an NFL-experienced lineman coming to get settled with the team.

Although the NFL did not work out for Gray, he is still confident coming to the CFL. “My experience in the NFL hasn’t put any doubt in my ability to play football,” Gray said.

“I still feel I have the physical ability, it’s just developing as a professional player in terms of my techniques as an offensive lineman.”

Gray has been a dominant force throughout his career and started 30 of 32 regular season games through four seasons with the University of Manitoba Bisons.

In 2017, the Winnipeg product

was a U Sports first-team all-star and the Canada West outstanding down lineman.

Bisons football head coach Brian Dobie told gobisons.ca he and the rest of the staff are excited to watch Gray play for the Bombers.

“We’re really happy and proud to have Geoff back at home with our Winnipeg Blue Bombers,” said Dobie.

“We can’t wait to see him across the hall in the Blue and Gold locker room.”

Even with all of his U Sports success and experience in the NFL, Gray said he knows he will need to show the coaches he deserves a spot in the starting lineup.

“I want to play, but I’m not going to have a fit if I’m not playing the first game,” Gray said.

“I understand I’m coming back and how far they are into the season.

I just want to play well and if I’m playing well, then I’m going to play.”

The Bombers have two more regular season games remaining as the club fights for seeding in the tightly-contested western conference.

CPL stages open trials at IGF and announces draft

U Sports rewrites eligibility rules JASON PCHAJEK, STAFF

T

he Canadian Premier League (CPL) came to Winnipeg last week, bringing news of a draft to take place in less than a month.

The league was staging the Winnipeg leg of the #GotGame Open Trials. The trials are open tryouts for young soccer talent hoping to catch the eye of CPL coaches and management. Tryouts are being held in each CPL region.

The event in Winnipeg saw one of the largest turnouts so far, according Winnipeg’s Valour FC head coach Rob Gale.

“There were people queuing up at 7:30 this morning to register,” he said.

“Over 220 players — it’s one of the highest turnouts and we’ve had to turn people away. So it just shows the appetite for soccer in this city which I’m extremely proud of.”

The 220 players were split into 10 groups for the event, with three

“Very simply not good enough because we haven’t got the programs to lose,” he said.

“The U of W one last year was a big blow, and we’d urge them now with this pathway to reinstate that program.”

“I think it’s a good investment.

We would love more, we need more U Sports,” he said.

“You can see by the level of PHOTO PROVIDED BY CANADIAN PREMIER LEAGUE players here — other than [World Soccer Academy Winnipeg] and small scrimmages being played in the [Professional Development fields set up between the end zones League] — there’s not been that at IGF. avenue before for players. And we The remaining four groups ran a need those staging posts along the multitude of drills in the end zones, way that would be building blocks including speed trials, agility tests, for them to come into our level.” passing drills and shot speed tests.

The U of M does not currently Gale has kept an eye on all have a men’s soccer program trials held so far and did not give and the University of Winnipeg specifics on the number of players Wesmen has put its men’s soccer he expected to choose from the program on hiatus as a cost-cutting Winnipeg trials. measure. Meanwhile, the Brandon “We try not to limit it because Bobcats and Red River Rebels play the talent, you know, could be any- in the Manitoba Colleges Athletic thing,” he said.

Conference, outside of U Sports.

“And I think last week in Toronto we were down on senior talent but The draft: U Sports had more future players under 20. rewrites rules for the CPL So I think from the four trials so Prior to the open trials in far we’ve had about 20 players that Winnipeg, the CPL sent out a press we think, and maybe a third or 10 release to announce the first annual [are] future players.”

CPL-U Sports Draft. The draft However, Gale said he was dis- will take place Nov. 12, after the U appointed with the lack of high- Sports men’s soccer championship. level soccer in the province.

Players will only be eligible for

the draft if they have a year or more left of U Sports eligibility remaining, with players graduating presumably being considered as free agents.

Selected players will sign what the league calls a “CPL-U Sports Developmental Contract” which lasts a single year.

This contract will allow a chosen player to spend time playing for their new CPL club, while retaining that year in eligibility at the U Sports level.

Following the end of a club’s season, the contract expires and the player must choose either to sign a standard player contract with the CPL club or return to their U Sports program.

The player — if they meet the league’s draft eligibility rules — then re-enters the draft the following year and begins the process again.

This partnership between the CPL and U Sports essentially rewrites the U Sports rules on player eligibility.

According to the current U Sports regulations on athlete eligibility, men’s soccer players participating “in a regular season or playoff or cup competition” in any professional league must wait a year before entering a U Sports program.

Those players are also charged a year of eligibility.

Bison Briefs Women’s hockey sweeps regina

The U of M Bisons women’s hockey team put a recent sweep by the University of Alberta Pandas behind in the rearview with a sweep against the University of Regina Cougars this weekend.

Tamara McVannel got things going for the Cougars Friday, but the herd came back with three unanswered from Erica Rieder, Madison Cole and Natasha Kostenko for a 3-1 lead.

Adela Juzkova cut the lead to one at 15:25, but Karissa Kirkup scored to ice the game in the final minute, giving Manitoba the 4-2 final.

Saturday was tighter, with Manitoba finishing the sweep with a 4-3 shootout win. The Bisons got goals from Sheridan Oswald, Lauryn Keen and Kirkup in regulation. Kirkup notched the shootout winner.

Men’s volleyball swept in Calgary

The Bisons men’s volleyball team fell at the regular season starting line and dropped a pair of matches to the Mount Royal University Cougars.

On Friday, the Bisons narrowly avoided being swept off the court in straight sets. After the Cougars took set one by a wide 25-19 margin, Manitoba responded by winning the second 28-26. But Mount Royal won two straight — 25-18 and 25-22 — for the 3-1 win.

Saturday night was closer, with the two sides battling through five sets. Mount Royal came out with a 3-2 win.

Manitoba started the game off hot, winning the first two sets 25-19 and 25-22, looking capable of sweeping aside Mount Royal before losing the next three sets by a combined 67-56.

Women’s volleyball edged out by Cougars

The Bisons women’s volleyball team had a near-identical result to its male counterpart, losing both games in the season-opening series against the Mount Royal Cougars.

Manitoba opened Friday’s game by winning the first set 25-22, but Mount Royal won three straight sets for the 3-1 win.

The women played a closer game than the men, losing their final three sets on Friday 25-21, 25-23 and 25-23.

Saturday’s match saw the herd open with another win, taking the first set by a commanding 25-13. The two sides traded sets the rest of the way, until Mount Royal took the deciding fifth set 17-15 for a 3-2 win.

— JASON PCHAJEK

VOL. 105 NO. 12 October 24, 2018

Sports

23

Bisons secure third seed in the Prairie Division

Four senior players celebrated prior to Saturday’s game KELLEN TANIGUCHI, STAFF

PHOTO BY TREVOR HAGAN

T

he U of M Bisons women’s soccer team rounded out the season with a pair of home games this weekend.

The club dropped the first game to the University of Saskatchewan Huskies and earned a draw with the University of Regina Cougars the next night, locking up third place in the division.

“We’re very happy we were able to secure that third place in the standings,” said Bisons head coach Vanessa Martinez Lagunas.

“I’m just really proud of the girls.”

Friday

The Huskies took an early 1-0 lead Friday and never looked back, blanking the Bisons 3-0.

Taneil Gay stole a pass by Shaylyn Dyck, creating open field to tap in the game’s opening goal less than three minutes in.

The visitors stretched the lead to two in the 43rd minute when Haley

Mercier converted on a pass from She was able to stop four of the seven second half, with two solid chances Lagunas.

Maya Gabruch to put Saskatchewan shots that came her way in the match. coming in the first 10 minutes.

“But we’re happy for the clean sheet up 2-0.

Holly Angus got off a clean shot but and, of course, it’s a good finish for Saskatchewan built on the lead Saturday Regina’s keeper, Kylie Bolton, got our graduating athletes.” early in the second half when Cassidy The Bisons finished off the regular just enough of the ball to redirect it With this being the final home Hayward got her shot past Bisons season with a scoreless draw against off the post and out of play. game of the season, Manitoba celkeeper Madison Wilford in the 49th the Cougars at home Saturday.

The second chance in the open- ebrated its four graduating players minute. ing minutes came prior to the game.

From then on, from Gabrielle Wilford, Amanda Wong, Alanna “We’re very happy we were able to the Huskies were Clark.

Shaw and Bruna Mavignier were precomfortable to Clark shot sented with flowers and a picture to secure that third place in the standings” play a defensive from just out- remember their time with the herd.

— Vanessa Martinez Lagunas, Bisons game. side the box, but Manitoba finishes the season with This gave the Bolton tipped the a 6-5-3 record. Regina locked down women’s soccer head coach Bi s on s mor e powerful shot the final Prairie Division playoff spot chances in the over the net. finishing with a 3-9-2 record. second half, but Bolton was in Jadyn Steinhauer stopped all three The tie secured the third seed the way all night, as Manitoba outThe Bisons and Cougars will both shots that came her way in the game. for the herd in the Prairie Division. shot Regina 13 to 4. play in a Canada West playoff play-in “We really struggled at the begin- Manitoba will travel to UBC or Wilford made a couple key saves game Friday. Opponents and times are ning,” said Martinez Lagunas.

Trinity Western Friday to open the for the home side as well, recording still to be determined.

“I think we had a really bad start playoffs. her fifth clean sheet in the last six and that put us on our back foot. In The first half of the game had both games. the second half, we played better.” teams feeling each other out with just “We created many chances and This was also the first time in four a few chances. were very close to [winning] it, we games that Wilford let anything by.

Manitoba came out firing in the just couldn’t put it in,” said Martinez

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