KCG Nov21

The Kansas City

GARDENER November 2021 | kcgmag.com

Ornamental Season Kale and cabbage carry color through garden’s closing scene

editor’s notes

The Kansas City

GARDENER

attitude of gratitude

Independently owned and operated since 1996 PUBLISHER Michael Cavanaugh EDITOR Elizabeth Cavanaugh CONTRIBUTORS Sean Holland Will Kirsch Dennis Patton Tamra Reall Denise Sullivan Scott Woodbury DISTRIBUTION Publishers Delivery Solutions, Inc.

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ransitioning from summer to fall sometimes is tough.

Gardens and gardeners alike are unable to hide their weariness.

The colors of autumn are slow to show this season, and I’m feeling a bit cranky and glum. And if I am completely honest, this is my least favorite season.

The rain gauge is dusty. The foliage is dry and crispy. The search for caterpillars has ended. Butterflies and hummingbirds all gone.

Garden color is drab. In fact, if it weren’t for the containers awaiting cleanup there would be no color at all. Gardening feels a bit ho-hum.

I miss summer’s brilliance. Yet, there is work to be done, so I start with hand-watering. Maybe I’ll find a more peaceful state of mind.

As the hose unfurls, so does my tension. Those things that once brought about feelings of discontent are now dissipating, and my mind is at ease.

As if on cue, this memory came to mind. Four small maple leaves were taped to the wall in my office.

I kept them there not as tokens of fall’s bounty or as decorative display. At that time of year there were plenty of leaves “on display” right outside my office window. I kept these special four as a reminder of how they came to me — as a gift

EDITORIAL Elizabeth Cavanaugh elizabeth@kcgmag.com 913-648-4728

WEBSITE kcgmag.com

year. We appreciate your commitment to and enthusiasm for gardening in your community. You truly are special to us.

Let’s pause to give thanks for the people who enrich our lives, for the challenges that build us, and for the kindness bestowed upon us. As you approach the holiday season, may your heart be filled with love, laughter and happiness.

I’ll see you in the garden!

In this issue

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

HOW TO SUBSCRIBE See details on page 19.

SUBSCRIPTION Elizabeth Cavanaugh elizabeth@kcgmag.com 913-648-4728

from the chilly palm of my eight-year-old daughter.

That small recollection made a big impact, not only bringing a smile to my face, but also lifting the heaviness of my mood.

Marcel Proust is quoted with this, “Let us be grateful to people who make us happy; they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom.”

The garden orchestrates, if we let it, lessons and opportunities for growth. In my experience, these opportunities are plentiful. For that, I am grateful.

The holidays are fast approaching. Soon we’ll be planning our annual feasts.

There’ll be cooking, shopping, parties and school plays. Children and adults alike will sense the excitement and anticipation. We’ll gather with family and friends, and celebrate our many blessings. These days are opportunities for gratitude.

Don’t let them get away.

We’d like to take this opportunity to thank all of you. Without the support of our advertisers, contributors and readers, we would not be able to deliver this quality publication, month after month, year after

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OPA Luminary Walk Ask the Experts Kids Ask Dr. Bug Ornamental Season Cabbage and Kale Saving the Songbirds

14 Mommy, Where do

Native Plants Come From 16 Plants on Your Plate 18 Garden Calendar 19 Subscribe 19 Events

About the cover: Ornamental cabbage and its cousin ornamental kale add color and interest to garden beds and containers. See more about this season favorite beginning on page 10.

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November 2021 | kcgmag.com

© 2021, The Scotts Company, LLC. All rights reserved

Fall in love with your garden, all over again.

It’s time to revisit the garden with fall plantings. Don’t forget to nourish with Osmocote® Smart-Release® Plant Food.. It will feed your plants essential nutrients consistently and continuously throughout the autumn season.

When perfection matters, why trust anything else?

The Kansas City Gardener | October 2020

3

The Overland Park Arboretum

by Candlelight at the 22nd Annual Luminary Walk

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he tradition continues at the 22nd Annual Luminary Walk, presented by Westlake Ace Hardware and FNBO. The popular kick-off for the holiday season is a festive family walk through the lights at the Overland Park Arboretum & Botanical Gardens.

During the four weekends following Thanksgiving, take a stroll along the lit pathways to explore the magical Gnome and Fairy Houses, serene winter woods by candlelight, and the colorful Children’s Garden. Enjoy musical performances in four different locations and visit with Santa in his Woodland Depot. Trees, buildings, and bridges are all part of the show, with thousands of lights aglow.

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November 2021 | kcgmag.com

The Luminary Walk will be expanded to Thursdays and a fourth weekend this year. The dates are: November 26 & 27 December 3 & 4 December 9, 10 & 11 December 16, 17 & 18 The Arboretum will be transformed into a wonderland of candles and lights from 5 to 10 p.m., with final entry allowed at 9 p.m.

Admission for the Luminary Walk is $15; children five and under are free. Tickets, which will go on sale October 1, are date and time specific, and must be purchased online in advance at https://artsandrec-op.org/arboretum/luminarywalk/. For the safety and comfort of all, tickets will be limited and sold

for specific half-hour entry slots.

Parking is free.

After last year’s successful debut, the Adults-Only Candlelight Stroll will return on Thursday, December 2nd. This is a unique opportunity for adults to enjoy the peaceful serenity of the Arboretum after dark. For a quieter date night or “friends night out” experience, the stroll features the glow of candles through the woods, hot cider, enchanting gnome houses and live musical performances without the busy buzz of Santa and children.

As a special addition, wine and hot “adult” beverages will be available for purchase (must be 21+ to purchase). Those under 18 years old will not be admitted.

About the Overland Park Arboretum & Botanical Gardens The Overland Park Arboretum & Botanical Gardens is one of the area’s largest botanical gardens with more than 300 acres and 800 plant species. Located at 8909 West 179th St., just ten minutes south of I-435 and Metcalf, west of 69 Hwy, it is an easy drive from anywhere in the KC metro area. The Arboretum’s beautiful gardens and wooded walking trails offer year-round fun featuring the Monet Garden, Train Garden, 38 sculptures and seasonal events.

The Luminary Walk is produced by Friends of the Arboretum, which is part of the Arts & Recreation Foundation. For more information, visit https://artsandrec-op.org/arboretum/.

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5

Ask the Experts LANTERNFLY IN THE NEWS Question: I heard a spotted lanternfly was captured and displayed in a 4-H project at the Kansas State Fair. They said this is an invasive new pest to this part of the country. If I see one, what should I do?

Answer: You are keeping up on the news. State Fair officials were alarmed to find this pest in an exhibit submitted from western Kansas around Colby. State officials have been on the lookout for this pest since it was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 2014. Up to this point, the spotted lanternfly was not found in Kansas or Missouri.

The lanternfly sucks sap from 70 species of plants, including ornamental trees, fruit trees, and grapes. Heavy feeding results in a black discoloration on the plant called sooty mold, caused by a secondary fungus that feeds on the insect’s excretions. Eventually, the feeding on the sap will cause the plant to die.

If you think you see a spotted lanternfly, please capture it and place in a container. Try to avoid smashing it. Visual reports cannot be used to confirm the presence of the insect. The Department of Agriculture requires them to be captured. If you think you found a spotted lanternfly, bring the sample to your local Extension office. We can be your first step identification.

Let’s hope this dreaded insect will stay out of our area as we are still dealing with the fallout from the last one, the Emerald Ash Borer.

ORGANIC LAWN CARE, YEA OR NAY Question: I saw where you were called out recently in a letter to the editor for not promoting organic lawn care. Can a lawn be fertilized organically? Are you against organic lawn care?

Answer: Thank you for asking. Organic lawn fertilization is indeed a viable option. Like all options, there are advantages and dis-

advantages. The bottom line is the lawn does not care if the source of the supplemental food is chemicalbased or organic. Plants draw up the nutrients in their ionic form, which both sources break down for absorption.

Beside feeding the lawn, the advantage of organic fertilizers is they build up the web of life in the soil. The organic nutrients slowly feed the lawn instead of giving a quick boost.

The main disadvantage is the source of nutrients is lower analysis. Usually, the nitrogen level is around 5% organic. Chemical fertilizer can be 30% or more. In this example, it would take six times more fertilizer by weight spread over the same area to deliver the comparable amounts. Another drawback is organic options are more expensive as the bulk weight increases shipping cost. It is also harder to find nitrogen-only sources of organic fertilizer as they often contain phosphorus and potassium, which are usually not needed in our soils.

Organic fertilization is an excellent alternative to chemical fertilizer, but it all depends on your goals.

NINEBARK, POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES Question: What are your thoughts on the ninebark shrub?

I was thinking of planting it in my landscape for its summer leaf color.

Answer: Hum, I am not for sure how to answer. There are several ninebarks, Physocarpus opulifolius, growing in our Extension Master Gardener gardens. The fabulous foliage of this plant ranges in shades from rich coppery purple to golden yellow. The showy summer flowers bloom atop the foliage.

Varieties spread from around three feet to over six feet, with arching branches giving a vase-like shape.

So yes, they have excellent features.

Here’s the but. They can become rangy and disproportionate.

Pruning seems to be challenging to

DENNIS PATTON Horticulture Agent 6

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

Stages of Spotted Lanternfly

Ninebark

Heliotrope

maintain a balance of new vigorous growth and overgrown stems. During humid summers, they develop powdery mildew, which overshadows the colorful foliage. Based on my personal experience, if you like the leaf color, go ahead and plant it. But I am not sure I would put it front and center in a garden. Maybe as a second-level player to give a pop of color. I often find myself overlooking the plant in the garden, but it does provide a nice contrast with the colorful foliage. So yes, I would recommend planting if you have the right spot.

ticed a beautiful purple flower in your demonstration garden located at your office, but there was no plant label. What is it?

Answer: The annuals did not get labeled this year. The fantastic purple annual you saw was heliotrope. It reaches about a foot and a half and performs best when planted in full sun to very light shade.

Like most plants, it does best in well-drained soil and even moisture. Fertilization encourages better growth and flowers all summer long. Heliotrope has a light vanilla fragrance under cooler conditions and a favorite of butterflies and hummingbirds. It is typically available at most garden centers in the spring.

SHOWY PLANT IN THE DEMONSTRATION GARDEN Question: This summer I no-

Dennis Patton is the horticulture agent for Johnson County K-State Research and Extension. For free information fact sheets, visit www.johnson.ksu.edu, or call the Extension office at 913-715-7000.

NO-TILL GARDENING Question: I am reading and learning more about no-till gardening. Does this work in the Kansas City area?

Answer: I commend you for learning more about managing soil. We all know our local soils are heavy in clay and can be hard to work with, whether wet or dry.

We promote adding organic matter, compost, peat moss, and aged manure for years to improve the soil composition as it does help.

The problem is every time the soil is tilled, the benefits of the organic matter are lost. Tilling disrupts the healthy soil web of life.

Gardeners turn to no-till, or less tilling, for healthy garden soil.

There are several ways to accom-

plish this. One of the most common techniques is to start in the fall by putting down layers of wet cardboard or newspaper over the soil. Then, cover the layer with six to eight inches of compost. Others recommend the layering method of adding leaves, twigs and manure over the cardboard, then top with a lighter layer of finished compost.

Over the winter and following season, the soil microbes go to work breaking down the layers into a rich soil mass. Come spring, plant and you are all set.

Less till gardening is just one step to better soil health. Cover crops can also build soil health and help reduce tillage. But that is probably best left for another question on another day.

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The Kansas City Gardener | November 2021

7

Kids Ask Dr. Bug

about the curious things found in the garden Why do insects have different kinds of legs on the same insect?

There are many kinds of insect legs – long thin legs made for walking and running, paddle-shaped legs for swimming, long muscular legs for jumping, short shovel-like legs for digging, raptorial legs with spines made for capturing prey, and specialized legs made for walking on water. Depending on the insect, where it lives, and what it does, legs help the insect do what it needs to do most efficiently. Insects have six legs and sometimes all six legs are similar and sometimes they are different. A preying mantis needs to be able to walk AND capture its prey so it has two kinds of legs – walking and raptorial. Grasshoppers also walk most of the time, but sometimes need to escape quickly and so they have walking legs and hopping legs. A mole cricket tunnels underground and so it has shovel-like forelegs and the other two pairs of legs help push it through. Do you ever wish you had an extra hand? If you could have one, and it could have a special ability, what would it be?

Do lanternflies actually glow?

Despite their name allusion, lanternflies do not create light.

Lanternflies are a type of planthopper that feed on plants. Most of the 500+ species of lanternflies are found in the tropics, and some have an unusual feature – an enlargement of the head looking like a big, long nose. Some scientists hypothesized that the enlarged nose might house bioluminescent bacteria that would make them glow. However, while there are insects that can create light, such as lightning bugs, lanternflies are unable to do so.

A specific lanternfly has been in the news a lot lately. The spotted lanternfly is a beautiful, yet invasive insect that feeds on more than

70 species of plants. We haven’t found it in Missouri yet, but one insect was found in a kid’s 4-H insect collection at the state fair in Kansas this summer. This was very surprising and triggered an investigation to determine where the insect came from and if this pest was found elsewhere in the state.

Thankfully, no other specimens have been found and this lone spotted lanternfly may have come in on a camper. However, this highlights how invasive species can spread and how everyone can help, even kids! If you think you found a spotted lanternfly, please take a picture of it, capture it if you can, and email the picture and the location to your state’s Department of Agriculture and/or local Extension office. See this website for more information: https://agriculture.mo.gov/plants/ pests/spotted-lanternfly.php How do honey bees build hexagonal comb?

Comb is the wax storage unit for honey bees – they store honey and pollen in it, as well as use the comb as a bassinet for baby bees until they emerge as adults. The cells that make up the comb get a lot of use and must be strong, as well as space efficient. Instead of circular, square, or triangular cells stacked on top of each other, a hexagon is the strongest and most efficient 2D shape. This shape uses the least amount of material to hold the most weight. If you look closely at the honeycomb, you will see that the cells are indeed hexagons. How do bees know how to build this sixsided wonder? As the bees create comb, the shapes start out as circles.

As bees build individual cells, other bees are building surrounding cells.

The pressure from all the bees moving in and out, as well as the heat created, in combination with gravity, causes the wax to slightly melt and change into an impressive hex-

TAMRA REALL Horticulture Specialist 8

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

Hexagonal comb? How do honey bees do that?

Spotted Lanternfly agonal shape. Scientists and mathematicians have studied this shape, too. Materials made with hexagons are useful for humans because they can strengthen things such as bridges, cars, and airplanes. It is also a pretty shape and when I see many hexagons together, it reminds me of the bees and how beneficial they are – from food to technology – we can be very grateful.

Do you have questions about bugs found in your garden for Dr. Bug? Send them to ReallT@ Missouri.edu or bit.ly/KidsAskDrBug. Include your name and age. To help me learn what you learn from this monthly column, would you please consider filling out this survey: bit.ly/KidsAskDrBugSurvey. Thank you!

Dr. Tamra Reall (@MUExtBugN Garden) is the horticulture specialist for MU Extension in Jackson County.

For free, research-based gardening tips, call 816-833-TREE (8733), email mggkc.hotline@gmail.com, or visit www.extension2.missouri.edu.

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Ornamental Season Kale and cabbage carry color through garden’s closing scene

g

old and bronze mums, gourds, pumpkins, bushel baskets and the search for plants that will take a few frosts – we gardeners just love to plant fall annuals that remind us of the harvest and one of the best choices is decorative kale. Colorful, frilly foliage make great statements in beds and planters. They even tolerate frost very well. In years past, I haven’t had to remove mine until December or January when the cold really sets in.

As a garden center professional, I am frequently asked to describe the differences between ornamental cabbage and kale. All cabbages are kale, but not all kales are cabbage.

Cabbages produce dense heads, while kales produce open rosettes of leaves (some refer to ornamental kale as “flowering kale” or “flowering cabbage”). Cabbages tend to grow a little larger and need more room to display all of their features.

The coloration on the foliage is one of the most attractive characteristics of ornamental kale. In order to get the best color, it is important to plant them where they will receive five to six hours of sun per day. They prefer rich, moist, welldrained soils. If you have hard clay, mix in some compost and use a light fertilizer application. Be careful to not over fertilize. Too much fertilizer might cause these vegetable plants to bolt. Bolting occurs when plants rapidly go to flower vertically before the end of their growing season, which many find unsightly. Kansas City autumns can be very dry, so make sure that you keep them well-watered, or

they will quickly wilt.

Gardeners should be prepared to see only green growth until nighttime temperatures begin to fall below 50 degrees. Warm falls generally produce less colorful rosettes.

Garden centers readily carry multiple varieties to suit varying gardener tastes. The Osaka series and the Nagoya series come in dense rosettes of red, pink, and white, while the Peacock varieties are less dense and give an airy look to combos. For an uncommon look, Dinosaur Kale makes an unusual and striking addition to combos, with tall crinkled, green foliage. Of the most popular and hardy are the true cabbages, Ruby Ball and Ruby Perfection. These start out with giant purple-gray waxy leaves. Over time, a dense ball develops in the

SEAN HOLLAND Perennials Manager 10

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

center, giving a true “fall harvest” look to any bed or combo.

Keep in mind that even though these plants are edible, they are frequently grown for ornamental purposes, which means that they may have been sprayed with chemicals at some point in the growing process and may not be a safe choice for culinary purposes.

Because of their size and unique foliage, flowering kale and cabbage lend themselves to mass plantings.

By mid-September and October, many of our annual beds and planters begin to look tired and overgrown, but gardeners aren’t quite ready to strip the landscape down to the ground for the season. By planting alternating colors or waves of the same variety, gardeners can create a showy statement in annu-

al beds. Follow up along the front border by putting in some pansies to give a splash of color. If it is a large bed, it never hurts to toss in an ornamental grass or millet in the background to give some height. If smaller plants are available, they go well in fall combo planters with grasses, sedges, mums and ornamental peppers. Some like to spice up their front porches with a fall display of pumpkins, ornamental kale and, of course, a mum or two.

As fall progresses and temperatures drop, ornamental cabbages and kales can handle shadier locations, as long as they have started showing a lot of color. With a variety of colors, textures, and sizes, ornamental kale is sure to bring the spirit of the fall harvest into any garden.

Sean Holland is Perennials Manager at Suburban Lawn & Garden, 135th and Wornall location, in Kansas City, Missouri. You may reach him at seanh@suburbanlg.com.

Above: Osaka series Flowering Cabbages

Above: Flowering Kale

Above: Nagoya series Flowering Kales

Top : Flowering Kale Peacock varieties Below: Dinosaur Kale

Above: Ruby Perfection cabbage Below: Purple ornamental cabbage

The Kansas City Gardener | November 2021

11

Saving the Songbirds, One Cup at a Time!

A

s winter arrives, our spring and summer birds have now been long gone. Some, like the Eastern Phoebe or White-eyed Vireo have simply travelled a few states south to spend the winter.

Many others have just completed a long and arduous journey to Central and South America. For some birds, it would be their last journey south, too weak to complete the dangerous flight. But, for those that did survive, the battle is far from over. There, the migratory birds must compete not only with other birds, but also with industry for prime habitat. As logging, agribusiness, and mining corporations have strengthened their hold over the region the past few decades, many of our migratory birds have suffered significantly. A 2019 study, led by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s Ken Rosenberg, found that since 1970, 3 billion birds have been lost in North America. Of those 3 billion, 2.5 billion were migratory birds, with families such as warblers taking the heaviest hits and bird species such as the Baltimore Oriole seeing some of the biggest declines. In response to this report, Wild Birds Unlimited began the Save the Songbirds initiative, made up of 7 Simple Actions to Help Birds: Make Windows Safer, Keep Cats Indoors, Reduce Lawn/Plant Natives, Avoid Pesticides, Reduce Plastics, Watch Birds/Practice Citizen Science, and Drink BirdFriendly Coffee. This last action is a step that certainly warrants further discussion because it’s so easy, yet so impactful!

A significant way to preserve habitat in South and Central America is by drinking shade-grown coffee. Today only about 40% of coffee farms are truly shade-grown, as the coffee industry has steadily shifted towards the sun-grown method of coffee production. While

clearing forests for sun-grown coffee increases yields and reduces management costs, doing so also leads to staggering losses in biodiversity. On the other hand, shadegrown coffee plantations conserve vital ecosystems and produce high quality coffee. Bird-friendly coffee farms in southern Mexico harbor 180 species of birds, 46 of which are migratory. In the Venezuelan Andes, shade-grown plantations have been shown to support 14 times the density of migratory birds when compared to that of local primary forest. In Guatemala, shade-grown farms had 30% more abundance and 15% more diversity when compared to sun-grown farms. Thus, while these farms certainly cannot replace natural forest, they can support a significant amount of species diversity and therefore have great environmental value.

However, not all shade-grown coffee should be considered equal.

Coffee technically could be considered shade-grown even if only a few tree species are present provid-

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

ly, produces about a dozen roasts that are sold locally, ranging from their Scarlet Tanager Dark Roast to Kingbird Espresso and Baltimore Oriole French Roast Decaf.

Drinking shade-grown coffee is one simple action you can take towards Saving the Songbirds. It is an action that will help ensure that many of our summer birds will have a winter home, an often overlooked threat to their conservation.

Baltimore Oriole

WILL KIRSCH Birding Expert 12

ing only partial cover. To be truly bird-friendly though, coffee needs to be 100% shade-grown. The Smithsonian Certification ensures that this mark is met, along with other criteria such as organic farming practices, sustainability efforts that support a healthy environment, and systems that maintain the livelihood of small-scale farm owners.

Birds & Beans Coffee, which is Smithsonian Certified Bird-Friend-

Will has been an avid birder for five years and has worked at the Wild Birds Unlimited in Leawood, Kansas, for three years.

His father introduced him to the hobby and ever since then he has been hooked. He enjoys sharing his extensive bird knowledge with anyone who asks and is very well informed about birding specific to our region. His favorite spots to bird in the Kansas City area are Roe Park, Shawnee Mission Park, Clinton Lake, and Loess Bluffs National Wildlife Refuge.

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The Kansas City Gardener | November 2021

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For decades, Shaw Nature Reserve (SNR) has collected seed in wild areas existing on private property, through the generosity of individual landowners. Doug Tallamy, author of Nature’s Best Hope, states that 83% of the United States is privately owned.

Though many of these sites have degraded wild areas, they still support native plants that flower and produce seed valuable to our efforts at Shaw Nature Reserve, to our many partners, and the native plant industry.

Through the practice of seed collecting over the past 90 years, SNR has reconstructed degraded farm land and restored damaged natural areas. From this practice, we also developed the Whitmire Wildflower Garden. The vast majority of plants in the garden were grown from local wild seed, collected by SNR horticulture staff and volunteers, thanks to early guidance by Dr. Peter Raven, director emeritus of Missouri Botanical Garden.

In addition to continuing to

SCOTT WOODBURY Horticulturist 14

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

Photo by Susan Farrington.

Remnant natural communities, like this original Ozark glade, are seed sources for the native plant industry. Native plants that we purchase from nurseries and garden centers, and use to establish native gardens and plantings, originate from seeds from the wild or from established plantings at places like Shaw Nature Reserve. Never collect seeds without permission from landowners.

Photo by Scott Woodbury.

ver wonder where native plants come from? I mean, when you are at a native plant sale or nursery, perusing through all of the species of plants available for sale, have you ever wondered where those plants come from? Are they divided from a big parent plant in a nursery, or are they produced from stem cuttings or in a test tube?

The simple answer is no, most are grown from seed. I’m not talking about cultivars of native plants, I’m talking about straight species, the kind you see growing in the wild. The seed may come from parent plants growing in a nursery, but the seed that grew those plants originally came from the wild. Also, many nursery plants produced in Missouri are grown directly from wild collected seed. Yes, seed for native plant production comes from remnant native plant populations in the wild.

At Shaw Nature Reserve, we have been collecting seed of native plants from roadside ditches and bluffs, along railroad tracks and creeks, and old hay fields, since the 1930s when Edgar Anderson did our first glade restoration. Sadly, many of these original ancient sites are gone; developed, farmed, sprayed, or grown over with trees.

However, other ancient sites are protected by various conservation groups, and it is through the hard work of these organizations that these original seed sources still exist. Many native plant nurseries depend on these wild areas as sources of seed, which is collected with permission and through strict seedcollecting contracts. (Never collect seed from the wild without first seeking permission from the landowner—on private or public land.)

Photo by Scott Woodbury.

E

Mommy, Where do Native Plants Come From?

collect seed from remnant native plant populations, we now have the capacity to collect seed at Shaw Nature Reserve. Throught these efforts, we can support our partners at Tower Grove Park, Forest Park,

and elsewhere throughout the St. Louis region with an abundance of local seed. These sites are on their way toward developing similar capacities. We also supply nurseries with much-needed seed to supply a

Horticulturist Scott Woodbury is the Curator of the Whitmore Wildflower Garden at Shaw Nature Reserve in Gray Summit, Missouri, where he has worked with native plant propagation, design, and education for 30 years. He also is an advisor to the Missouri Prairie Foundation’s Grow Native! program. Find suppliers of native plants and seeds at www.grownative.org, Resource Guide.

Photo by Scott Woodbury.

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thriving native plant industry. Lastly, the native plant industry in Missouri is collecting their own seeds in much the same way that Shaw Nature Reserve does. Be sure to ask your local nursery where their native plants come from. It makes a big difference.

Native plants grown from (or originating from) wild seed are diverse genetically. This means they can thrive in spite of local pathogens, damaged urban soils and new weather norms. It also means they are capable of supporting count-

less beneficial insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Plants from faraway places (including many cultivars, but not all) usually don’t have this advantage. Native plants grown from local seed are diversely beautiful. They come in a variety of tolerances, habits, shapes, sizes and colors, just like we do. And when planted together, they produce the greatest beauty and highest function, all with the added bonus, of increased enjoyment and decreased maintenance.

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PLANTS ON YOUR PLATE Cranberries

W

hat tiny red fruit makes an appearance around the holiday but is mostly absent the rest of the year? If you guessed cranberries, you are correct! This tart but tasty fruit often appears in the form of a quivering gelled mass or chopped into a salad with apples or oranges, but they are much more versatile than most people think.

Native Americans enjoyed wild cranberries for thousands of years before colonization. The first documented reference to the American cranberry was in the mid 1500s, when the Wampanoag People introduced the red berry to colonists in New England as a food source and as a dye. A common mixture called pemmican, made of ground berries, dried meat, and animal fat, could provide nourishment for months.

Medicine men also used cranberries in traditional healing rituals to fight fever, swelling, and even seasickness. In the 1600s, early cookbooks had numerous references to a sauce made from cranberries and served with turkey, much like we do today!

The cranberry (genus Vaccinium) belongs to the Ericaceae family of flowering plants. Cranberries are botanically related to bilberries, blueberries, and huckleberries, though differ by their woody stems. This low-growing, woody perennial shrub grows horizontal runners along the soil surface to

form a dense mat. Contrary to popular belief, cranberries do not grow in water, but in sandy bogs and marshes that are flooded with water to aid in harvesting. Because the cranberry contains a pocket of air, when the marsh is flooded, the berries float to the surface to be picked up by harvesting equipment. Cranberries were first cultivated in the New England region in the 1800s and continues to be a staple crop in Maine and Massachusetts. However, Wisconsin has surpassed that region and produces more than 60% of the nation’s cranberries. They have even been designated the state fruit of Wisconsin.

Cranberries are a rich source of antioxidants vitamins C, E, and vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting, as well as the minerals manganese and copper. Cranberries are also rich in a type of phytonutrient called polyphenols, which are beneficial in controlling inflammation and free radicals in the body that contribute to chronic health conditions.

Consuming cranberry juice is often associated with urinary tract infections, because of another phytonutrient, A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC’s). PAC’s have been shown to be beneficial to the prevention (not treatment) of urinary tract infections by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract. Consuming more isn’t better, however, because cranberries are

DENISE SULLIVAN Nutrition Ninja 16

November 2021 | kcgmag.com

also high in oxalates, a contributor to kidney stones. Always consult your health care provider if experiencing symptoms of these conditions.

Cranberries are readily available during the fall and winter holiday season, but rather scarce the rest of the year, so I like to buy an extra bag or two to store in the freezer. Cranberry juice is usually sweetened or mixed with other fruits in juices. 100 percent cranberry juice is available as well…but be prepared to pucker up! I often add a bit of cranberry juice to iced tea or even water as a flavor enhancer. Dried cranberries are also available in various stages

of sweetness and make a tasty addition to quick breads, salads, or other holiday dishes.

This month I’m sharing two unique ways to incorporate cranberries into your holiday meals.

The stuffing recipe below is one that my daughter shared with me, that we have refined and personalized to our tastes. If you are feeling really adventurous, you might also try the cranberry salsa recipe from the National Center for Home Food Preservation (https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/ can_salsa/spicy_cranberry_salsa. html). Your leftover turkey sandwich will taste amazing…enjoy!

Stuffing with Cranberries and Sausage MAKES 8 SERVINGS INGREDIENTS 10 cups whole grain bread cubes ½ pound bulk pork sausage 1-2 tablespoons unsalted butter 1 cup chopped celery 1 cup chopped onion 1 cup dried cranberries ½ cup chopped fresh parsley (you really want fresh parsley here) 1-2 tablespoons chopped fresh sage (or 1-2 teaspoons dried sage) ¼ teaspoon black pepper 2 cups low sodium vegetable broth 1 large egg, beaten • Wash hands and work surfaces before beginning preparation.

• Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Spray a 13x9 inch baking dish with cooking spray. Spread bread cubes on a large sheet pan and bake until lightly toasted.

Transfer bread to large bowl.

• Meanwhile, in a large skillet, cook the sausage over medium high heat until browned, breaking up the meat with a wooden spoon. With a slotted spoon, transfer sausage to bowl with bread. Discard all but 2 tablespoons of drippings from skillet.

• Add butter to reserved drippings in skillet and melt. Add celery and onions and cook over medium heat, until softened, about 8 minutes. Add to bowl with bread and sausage, mix.

• Add cranberries, parsley sage and pepper to bowl and stir to combine.

• Combine broth and egg and mix; pour over mixture in bowl and mix well.

• Transfer mixture to prepared baking dish. Cover with foil that has been sprayed with cooking spray. Bake for 45 minutes, then remove foil and bake for 15 minutes or until lightly browned.

NUTRITION INFORMATION Calories: 290, Total Fat: 17g, Saturated Fat: 6.5g, Sodium: 475mg, Carbohydrates: 23g, Fiber: 6g, Protein: 11g Recipe from personal files, analyzed by verywellfit.com.

Denise Sullivan (@MUExtJacksonCo) is a Nutrition and Health Education Specialist for MU Extension in Jackson County. For research based nutrition and food safety information and programs, call 816-4825850 or visit https://extension.missouri.edu/counties/urban-west-region.

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GARDEN CALENDAR November list of what to do in the garden.

LAWN

• Mow frequently to avoid raking and to incorporate up to 6 inches of fallen leaves into the lawn.

• Remove any fallen leaves that cannot be mowed to prevent winter shading and dieback of the turf.

• Fertilize cool-season lawns with a high nitrogen fertilizer to promote root development and early spring green-up.

• Continue to mow bluegrass and tall fescue at 3 inches. Do not lower for winter.

• Provide turf with ample moisture for a healthy winter lawn.

• Control dandelions, henbit and chickweed with a broadleaf herbicide.

• Drain gas or include a fuel additive to the lawnmower engine for winter storage.

• Do your part for clean water. Keep leaves, grass clippings, and fertilizer pellets off hard surfaces.

TREES AND SHRUBS

• Plant new trees and shrubs for autumn growth.

• Water any new trees and shrubs when they become dry.

• Prevent rabbits from feeding on tender bark and twigs by using a tree wrap.

• Rake and compost leaves.

• Replenish mulch layer to 3 inches. Keep away from the trunk base.

• Prune any hazardous or dead branches for the health of the tree.

• Avoid pruning spring-flowering shrubs until after bloom.

VEGETABLES AND FRUITS

• Store apples in the refrigerator to extend the life and prevent spoilage.

• Pick up fallen fruit from around trees to reduce insects and disease next year.

• Prune limbs damaged by heavy fruit loads.

• Remove garden debris and discard or compost.

• Till vegetable gardens. Incorporate organic matter to improve soil tilth.

• Take a soil test if not done in the last five years to determine fertility needs.

• Plant garlic in the garden.

• Record successes and failures in the garden as a guide for next year.

• Start the planning process for another year.

FLOWERS

• Clean leaf litter and diseased canes from rose gardens.

• Cut hybrid tea rose canes back to 24” to reduce wind damage.

• Mulch grafted roses for winter with a mound of garden soil 6-inches deep.

• Avoid pruning easy care shrub roses in the fall.

• Remove frost-killed annuals from the garden.

• Dig and store tender bulbs for the winter in a cool, dry location.

• Plant spring flowering bulbs.

• Clean up the perennial garden either in fall or spring by cutting debris to the ground.

• Mulch perennials with 3 inches of loose material such as straw after several hard freezes.

• Till soil where possible incorporating organic matter to improve the soil.

HOUSEPLANTS

• Locate plants away from drafts, heating vents, and cold windows to prevent damage.

• Watch plants for signs of insect damage.

• Stop fertilizing during the winter months.

Start again in spring.

• Dust leaves with a moist, soft cloth or by rinsing with room temperature water.

• Bring amaryllis bulbs out of dormancy by watering for Christmas blooms.

• Continue dark treatment of poinsettias for holiday bloom.

• Water as needed. Avoid letting plants sit in water.

MISCELLANEOUS

• Clean and oil garden tools, sprayers, and other equipment for storage.

• Drain hoses and sprinklers. Store them indoors for longer life.

• Maintain compost pile or start a new one with fall debris.

• Start your holiday wish list for gardening supplies.

Johnson County K-State Research and Extension recommends environmentally-friendly gardening practices. This starts by identifying and monitoring problems. Cultural practices and controls are the best approach for a healthy garden. If needed, use physical, biological or chemical controls. Always consider the least toxic approach first. Dennis Patton is the horticulture agent for Johnson County K-State Research and Extension. For free information fact sheets, visit www.johnson.ksu.edu, or call the Extension office at 913-715-7000.

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Garden Events 2021 Holiday Sale Heaven & Nature Sing From the Summer’s Garden presents The 12 Days of Christmas. 12 Days Over Three Weekends in November; at 8601 Barkley St, Overland Park, KS 66212. Find details at fromthesummersgarden. com; 913-579-5395.

African Violet Club of Greater Kansas City 69th Annual Show & Sale Sat, Nov 6, 9am-3pm; at Loose Park Garden Center, 51st St and Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64112. Face Masks are Required. NO ADMISSION FEE. Lake Quivira Holiday Bazzar Fri, Nov 12, 1-8pm & Sat, Nov 13, 9am-4pm; at Lake Quivira Clubhouse, 100 Crescent Blvd, 1 mile east of I-435 on Holliday Dr. Free, open to the public; facebook.com/lakequiviraholidaybazaar KC Cactus and Succulent Society Sun, Nov 21, 1:30-4pm; at a NEW LOCATION: Trailside Center, 9901 Holmes Rd, Kansas City, MO. Visitors are welcome to attend. For more information on the KCC&SS see our website: www. kccactus.com or visit us on Facebook.

Holiday Container Workshop Thurs, Nov 18, 2-4pm; at Powell Gardens. $55 | Members receive 10% off. Decorate your home for the holidays with natural adornments created during this festive workshop. Each participant will create a fiber pot container that can be displayed indoors or outdoors. Participants will enjoy a complimentary adult beverage while they work. Ticket: http://25043p.blackbaudhosting.com/25043p/ tickets?tab=2&txobjid=576a09da-4241-4c4c-a77674c8862fafc8 Holiday Container Workshop Sat, Nov 20, 2-4pm; at Powell Gardens. $55 | Members receive 10% off. Same description as above. Ticket: http://25043p.blackbaudhosting.

com/25043p/tickets?tab=2&txobjid=489b7a8085c3-444e-9a1a-dfb62fe0f0fb Winter Wreath Workshop Sat, Nov 27, 2-4pm; at Powell Gardens. $55 | Members receive 10% off. Decorate your home for the holidays with natural adornments created during this festive workshop. Brent Tucker, lead horticulturalist for the Visitor Center Gardens, will share how to decorate a beautiful wreath using fresh cuttings to take with you for immediate display on your door or mantle. All materials are included and participants who are 21 and over may enjoy a complementary adult beverage while they work. Ticket: http://25043p.blackbaudhosting. com/25043p/tickets?tab=2&txobjid=47013ee37b45-421e-8e13-8562b406abdd History of Poinsettias Thurs, Dec 2, 6-7pm; at Powell Gardens. $15 | Members receive 10% off. Join Education Manager, Caitlin Eckard, for a presentation on the fascinating history of poinsettias. Participants will also enjoy our signature Festival of Lights cocktail while they learn about this seasonal favorite. Ticket: http://25043p.blackbaudhosting. com/25043p/tickets?tab=3&txobjid=12cd408d31b3-42f1-9f6f-36a600f4a231 Winter Wreath Workshop Sat, Dec 4, 2-4pm; at Powell Gardens. $55 | Members receive 10% off. Same description as above. Ticket: http://25043p.blackbaudhosting. com/25043p/tickets?tab=2&txobjid=7640a2093d6d-4aea-be29-8414a8e29b33

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