Ukiyo

Ukiyo 10 Page Summary

Roanna Hutcheson, 2184344H, MEng Product Design Engineering, Year 5, April 2021

1

Ukiyo: Product Overview Who 18-67 year olds working from home in the UK.

What A dynamic workspace converter.

When It is recommended that users switch their workspace between sitting and standing every 30 minutes.

Where From small apartments with minimal storage space to luxurious home o ce spaces.

Why To reduce inactivity and prevent the onset of musculoskeletal disorders.

ffi

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

Collaboration “One of the best things we can do is to alternate between sitting and standing throughout the day”

User Insights

Expert Insights The initial aim of this project was to determine how the posture of those working from home may be improved, however engagement with key stakeholders highlighted the root problem.

Professors of Physiology and Physiotherapy, Ergonomists, Evolutionary Anthropologists and Yoga Instructors advised the key to reducing back, neck and shoulder pain is movement, not posture. Research literature supports this, suggesting back pain is not a consequence of poor posture. Inspired by insights, the project aim was to encourage people to move more throughout their working from home day.

Initial user insights from interviews highlighted that users do not like sitting down all day when working from home.

A recent study commissioned by Nurofen has shown that lockdown has caused a rise in aches and pains – with over one third of British people experiencing back, head and joint pain. Out of participants, 25% blame their new pain on their poor home of ce or workstation set-up. On the market today, exists a wide range of di erent home o ce solutions, however, upon analysis, user research concluded that existing solutions are either too bulky and space consuming or do not t in aesthetically with the users’ home environment.

ffi

fi

fi

ff

Brief

Movement

Ukiyo: Iterative Design

2D Ideation

3D Development 3D prototyping was a core tool used throughout the design process to drive the development of the nal product. Scale modelling and user feedback allowed for quick decision making and rapid iterations, developing the most feasible and appealing user experiences. The key areas explored during the 3D development were:

-Folding mechanism -Stability -Aesthetics -Height adjustability -Anthropometrics -User feedback -Materials and manufacture Initial concepts were evaluated against product requirements. As the design matured, iteration direction was based upon functional requirements and user feedback.

fi

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

3

4

Ukiyo: User Journey

How is it used?

1

2

3

4 1

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

5

Ukiyo: Human Factors Methods A wide range of di erent human factors methods were selected and used at relevant stages in the design process. Constant, active user engagement was critical for the development of a product t to the users’ needs. The selected user group were 18-67 year olds working from home in the UK, based upon user access, current working age range and preventative health age group.

Height Adjustability One of the core investigations from the beginning of the project was whether height adjustability is a requirement. It was important to devise whether the product would need to have a range of incremental height settings to t the needs of the 5th to 95th percentile of users. To determine this, anthropometric data research, co-design and user testing were conducted. It was concluded that there would be two heights that would be comfortable in the form of a S/M size and a M/L size with heights of 264mm and 404mm, respectively.

Anders

Surface Dimensions it was important to establish table surface dimensions that were suitable for a range of di erent users and working environments. Through an analysis of existing solutions on the market and the dimensions of the tables and desks users currently work at, di erent platform dimensions could be determined. The table surface sizes for the S/M and M/L platforms are 710 x 649 mm and 900 x 745 mm respectively. These dimensions were tested with users to determine their suitability.

Personas

Interviews & User journey’s to highlight pain points

Home working Posture

Anthropometrics

Workspace Audit

Storage Audit

Storage & Assembly

Weight To determine the maximum permissible force required to lift the product with one hand, anthropometry tables were used to determine the 5th percentile of 65 to 69 year old female right hand gripping force capabilities. The result was 13kg, requiring the weight of the product not to exceed this, enabling ease of transportation and storage for all users.

The nal product weights are 4.12 kg for the S/M and 6.3 kg for the M/L.

Early testing of initial prototyping highlighted the problem of timely user assembly. It was therefore very important to reduce the amount of time required for the user to erect and lower the platform during use. A paper pop-up inspired Vfold mechanism ts the requirements of the product with its ease of assembly, disassembly and atpack nature, making it easy to store.

Workstation Footwear Co-design

Dimensional Feedback

User Feedback 1 Height Testing

User Feedback 3

User Feedback 4

User Feedback 2

User Feedback 5

fi

fi

ff

fl

ff

fi

ff

fi

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

6

Ukiyo: Pop-up Structure & Stability

Initial pop-up concept

Pop-up Structure

Stability

The product pop-up concept uses a Vfold mechanism, tting the user storage requirements and creating a delightful, satisfying user experience. However, complexity arose when this concept was translated to material with a thickness greater than regular craft card. Further research and co-design experimentation showed that the same spherical motion of the v-folds could be obtained with two indirectly coupled top-surfaces, overcoming the problem of thicker materials. The lack of need for an additional hinge in between these two surfaces simpli es the design as well as potentially simplifying the manufacturing process. W ith this however, comes reduced stability.

An important consideration throughout the whole development process was product stability. This problem was highlighted very early on in the initial prototypes. As the design matured, integrating stability into the pop-up concept was an increasing challenge. Various stability methods were explored, from aluminium sliders on the top surface to leg brackets.

The nal solution uses a robust undertable locking mechanism which is easy to use and discretely hidden from users during use. Additionally, the legs of the structure have been extended out to the corners of the top surface and splayed at an angle of 10°, enhancing product stability when in use.

Codesign: Pop-up with indirectly coupled top surfaces

Prototyping leg splay

Testing under-table locking mechanism

fi

fi

fi

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

Ukiyo: Sti ness & De ection

Load : 20kg + 1 Point Distributed Load : 5kg

2 Point Load : 30kg

Light, Sti Structures

Load : 30kg + 3 Point Distributed Load : 3kg

Maximum Deflection with a 30kg Point Load

Modified Maximum Deflection with a 30kg Point Load

Material & Geometry Re nement

The product material must be light, whilst retaining strength and sti ness to prevent the surface from de ecting in use. An investigation into light, stiff and strong materials was undergone. Honeycomb has superior bending stiffness qualities to I-beams, however a material thickness of 62mm would be required, exceeding the maximum folded product thickness. Additionally, the honeycomb manufacturing process is detrimental to the environment. As a result, sheet wood materials were investigated, with plywood concluding to be the most suitable compromise between sti ness, weight, price and environmental impact.

FEA was a key tool throughout the project, used to identify weaknesses in the product structure, minimise de ection and to verify material choice. The required plywood thickness is 9mm, ensuring the maximum de ection that the product should see under worst case loading is 2.3mm, within BS ISO 21016:2007 requirements. The geometry was re ned by performing, FEA on the legs of the product, concluding that the minimum leg widths should be 30mm and 40mm for the S/M and M/L sizes respectively, reducing the total product weight by almost 1kg for each size.

Maximum stress in 9mm Plywood with 30kg point load

Maximum Stress in 9mm Plywood with 30mm leg width and 10kg point load

Beam Bending edge of a desk converter

Maximum deflection in 9mm Plywood with 30kg point load

Maximum Stress in 9mm Plywood with 25mm leg width and 10kg point load

Cross section of Honeycomb & I-beams fl

fi

fl

ff

ff

fl

fl

ff

ff

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5 fi

7

8

Ukiyo: De ning & Detailing

Plywood

Materials & Manufacture

User studies conducted throughout the project have shown that wood is favourable as a material, aesthetically as well as due to environmental reasons.

Plywood is a natural material that has been engineered to reduce warping in its thin form, whilst maximising strength.

Appleply with AA Grade, plane sliced Birch veneer has been selected due to its strength, light wood Scandinavian aesthetic qualities and premium surface nish. For 5 standard 1220mm x 2440mm plywood sheets, eleven M/L units will be produced. For the S/M size, it is possible to route 7 top pairs on one sheet and legs for 9.5 units on another.

Appropriate materials and manufacturing methods have been resolved, with a routed plywood top surface and legs; Stainless Steel waterjet hinges; a pressure die cast zinc-aluminium alloy top connector and injection moulded polyurethane rubber feet ensuring the product meets product, u s e r, e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d s a f e t y requirements. Additionally, the plywood surfaces will be painted with clear matt, wood wax oil to protect the surfaces for longevity. Material was minimised from the structure, reducing not only product weight but also material consumption.

Plywood

Table-top Connector

Hinge

Rubber Feet

1

2

4

3

6

5

7

8

1/1 Rev.

Date of issue

Sheet

FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)

F

Title

F DWG No.

Document type

Document status

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 5 7

5

7

32

3

1/1

Date of issue

1

6

Rev.

Sheet

Technical reference

45 8

3

Date of issue

23

5

7

32

14

4

5

8

5

23

3

6

A

A

Title

Title

14

6

A

5

2

7 A

7

A

DWG No.

DWG No. Title

DWG Title No.

Routing Layout for S/M

1/1

Sheet

Rev.

Document status Document type

Document status Document type

Technical reference Dept.

Created

by Approved by Dept.

Created by Technical reference

Technical reference

Approved byby Created Dept.

Technical reference

Date of issue

Approved Dept. by Technical reference

Dept.

4

5 Rev.

Sheet

Title

Document status

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Approved Createdbyby

67

1/1

6

78

1/1

Sheet Rev.

Date of issue

5

Title

DWG No.

E

E

B

B 2

E

E

E

B

1

B

3

E

E

E

2

3

4

1

A

4

6

3

5

1

7

4

2

6

B

4

8

5

1

7

2

A

A

3

6

B

5

8

4

1

7

3

B

6

5

2

B

7

8

4

5

6

3

Created

by Approved by Dept.

Created by Technical reference

7

A

Technical reference

Document Document status type

Approved byby Created Dept.

E

Technical reference

Roanna Hutcheson 13/ Approved Createdbyby

E

E C

A

D

D

D

C

C

C

A

D

C

D

D

D

D

D

D

C

C

A C

C

A C

B C

C

C

D

D

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

B

B D

D

B D

D

B D

B D

B

B

D

D

A

A

Routing Layout for M/L A

A

23 6 5

78

75

1

5

A

34 7

8

A

2

6

1

45 8

3 7

A

2

4 8

56

3

A

67

4

5

84 1

2 E

fi

D

66

.veR

Rev.

75

41

57

32

Date of issue

Sheet

66

418

5 7 32

D F

Document type

Created by

Dept.

D

3

C

C

E

E

E

E

E

Dept.

Created by

D

14

Document type

Title Document status

DWG No.

Title

F FYP Drawings File M/L_Table Top 2

Technical reference

1/1

4 8 23

E

Created by

Document status

DWG No.

D

F FYP Drawings File FM/L_Table Top 2

D

D F

DWG No.

5

3

Rev.

F

Sheet

6

Approved by

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Document status

FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)

Date of issue

5

4

Technical Approved reference by

Document type Approved by

F Title

Rev.

1/1 23

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

DWG No.

D

Created by

1Rev. 4

6Date of issue

2

5 Sheet

1/1

E

4

23

E

eussi fo etaD

67 12 5

E

A

teehS

1/1

3

6

.veR

1 4

184

eltiT Title

56

32

DWG No.

A

7

D

2

23

.oN GWD

3

41

F eussi fo etaD

eltiTTitle

D

45

8

32

Technical reference

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

F 2 poT elbaT_L/MF eliF sgniwFarD PYFFYP Drawings 2 poT elbaTop T_L2/M eliF sgniwFarD PYF FYP Drawings File FM/L_Table Top 2 File M/L_Table

F

1

5

teehS

1/1

Dept.

Approved by

Documentreference status Technical

2

41

.veR

.tpeD

Dept.

A

A

78

6

eussi fo etaD

.oN GWD

epyt tnemucoD Document type Document status

34

B

B 8 6 5

1/1

eltiT

2 poT elbaT_L/MF eliF sgniwarD PYF

.tpeD Technical yb detaerC Created byecnerefer lacinhceT Approved reference by

epyt tnemucoDDocument type sutats tnemucoD

1

7 teehS

5 7

D

.tpeDTechnical reference yb detaerCCreated byecneyrb efd ee r vlaocripnphAceTDept.

sutats tnemucoD

C E

E

1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoRRoanna Hutcheson113/04/2021 202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

epyt tnemucoD

.oN GWD

F

ecneyrb efd ee r vlaocripnphAceTDept.

E

E

23

B

6 F

E

C

A

B

5

D

D

C E

12

B

4

eltiT

D

yb detaerC

1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR sutats tnemucoD

E

C

A

B

B

3

yb devorppA

.tpeD

B

ecnerefer lacinhceT

E 2

yb detaerC

epyt tnemucoD

E

B

.tpeD

E

C

1

E

C

B

E

E

.veR

A C

C

C

B

E

E

C

B

C

B

C

A

7

8

6

E

A C

D

1

A C

B

6

8

B D

B

C

8

7

B

B

C

B

C

1/1

8 7

B

8

6

C

C

D

D

2 poT elbaT_L/M eliF sgniwFarD PYF eussi fo etaD

B

7

C

D

B

1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR

teehS

A

C C

D

A

D

C

D

A C

B

sutats tnemucoD

.oN GWD

8

5

D

C

ecneyrb efd ee r vlaocripnphAceT

eltiT

6

7

7

1

DWG Title No.

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

A

E

2 poT elbaT_L/MF eliF sgniwarD PYF

B

8

4

C

yb detaerC

A

B 5

2

A

8 Date of issue

D B

E

6 Rev.

Document status Document type

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

3

1

D

epyt tnemucoD

8

D

B

E

1/1 Sheet

DWG No. Title

Document status Document type

Document type

2

B

1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR

7

A

E

7

8

E

Date of issue

F F FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2FYP (1) (2)Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2) FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)F FYP Drawings File M/L_Le

DWG No.

Document Document status type

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

Approved by

3

8

B

B

C

E

8

A

B

D

6

Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021

4

56

B

1

C

1

8

Document type

Created by

2

7

F FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2FYP (1) (2)Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1)F (2) FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1)F (2)F FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)F

F

A

8 41

F

A

6

Dept.

2

A

6

4

F

Sheet Rev.

34 7

8

A

A

F

1/1

Date of issue

5

A

F

1

A

F

41

Rev.

23 6

2

E

78

fi

Dept.

4

6 6

4 1 8

12 5

5

67

B

5 7

23

1

3

6

1 4

184

56

32

7

2

A

23

41

8

3

32

45

5

1

41

2

6

A

34

5

1

7

23

6

12

8

A

1

7

E

Date of issue

Sheet

Rev.

Date of issue

Sheet

1/1 1

6

8

1/1 7

8

8 E

E Approved by

E

E

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

Ukiyo: Assembly Part No

Description

Material

Finish

Quantity

1

Table Top

AA Grade, Appleply Birch

Clear Matt Wood Wax Oil

2

2

Table Hinge

Stainless Steel, martensitic, AISI 410, hard temper

-

8

3

Leg 1

AA Grade, Plane Sliced, Appleply Birch

Clear Matt Wood Wax Oil

2

4

Leg Hinge

Stainless Steel, martensitic, AISI 410, hard temper

-

2

5

M3 x 5 x 8.5 mm Countersunk Screw

Stainless Steel

-

56

6

Leg 2

AA Grade, Plane Sliced, Appleply Birch

Clear Matt Wood Wax Oil

2

7

Foot Grip

Natural Rubber

-

4

8

M4 x 7 x 12 mm Rounded Head Screw

Stainless Steel

-

4

9

Connector Outer

Zinc-Aluminium Alloy ZA-27

-

2

10

Connector Spring

POM

-

2

11

Connector Inner

Zinc-Aluminium Alloy ZA-27

-

2

M3 x 5 x 8.5 mm Countersunk Screws Leg Hinge Table Hinge

Table Top

M4 x 7 x 12 mm Rounded Head Screw

Leg 2

Assembly Steps The table-top connector is secured in the centre of the top surface with 4 screws in a jig, ensuring accurate placement.All screws used in assembly are M3 x 5 x 8.5 mm stainless steel Phillips Countersunk screws.

1.

The feet grips are secured into the holes in the wooden legs via a press t.

2.

Connector Spring Connector Inner

4.

The hinges are secured to each leg with 3 screws in a jig, ensuring accurate hinge and screw placement.

5.

The legs are then attached to the top surface via the hinges with 3 screws, also in a jig, ensuring the correct angle of installation is obtained.

6.

Connector Outer

Leg 1 Foot Grip

The product is folded at ready for packaging.

fl

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5

fi

9

10

Ukiyo: Product Values

Movement

Storage

Sustainability

Users now have a tool to create a more dynamic workspace, enabling them to transition their work set-up throughout the day, between sitting and standing.

Therefore, reducing the likelihood of experiencing musculoskeletal issues when working from home.

With its unique, engaging folding mechanism, users are able to easily assemble and disassemble it into a atpack state that can be e ortlessly stored.

The simplistic design of the product with quality material choice and the use of mechanical fasteners over glue, ensures a robust product where users can easily replace the parts and maintain the product throughout its lifetime.

fl

ff

Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5