Material Cultures

FRAGMENT AS PROTAGONIST

Jack CS Garvin Diploma in Architecture Material Cultures in Creative Research (2729 words)

Jack Garvin

Introduction

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Employing analogue modes of creation, my architectural practice is concerned with the experimental preservation of emotional heritage with my ongoing thesis project exploring how a sense of wonder can be generated in the prosaic palimpsest through poetic intervention.

Pragmatically, I employ a language of care, slowness and narrative to create a cohesion from emotional disorder. I interrogate how the insertion of negative space into the commonplace structure could foster remembrance and self-discovery and bring about an empathetic revolution that aligns the built environment with the dynamism of societal consciousness. (1)

Poetic Rupture, Jack Garvin

I view the intangible material as a fertile area for analysis in an increasingly technological world, as artificial intelligence will never be able to address emotional constructs. The inter-disciplinarity of material culture theory provides a framework for this pursuit, grounding subjective notions in objectivity.

Through a series of photomontage reproductions and models, this essay delves into the objets trouvé within CCStop, Porto, a failed commercial centre now inhabited by approximately 500 musicians in the form of multiple autonomous rock bands.

The analysis of of the 1980s shopfronts, and the inscriptions made on them will allow for inferences to be made on the speakers (musicians) through a linguistic lens as well as on the relationship between the commercial architecture and its experimental inhabitants. A deciphering of the multiple layers of the palimpsest and its authorship through material study.

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Jack Garvin

https://soundcloud. com/user-867057307/ ccstops-speakers?si=05f6edb8e9af47eca3c364b45d8283b4&utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=social_sharing

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Methodology

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It is the emotional importance of the fragments of CCStop that this essay seeks to define. The cultural and memorial relevance is deduced and the ongoing narrative and associated material cultures of CCStop revealed. A speculative visual essay that enquires into the intangible material with which I grapple in my practice.

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Harvey, K. (2009). History and material culture : a student’s guide to approaching alternative sources. pg. 2

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Prown, Jules David. “Mind in Matter: An Introduction to Material Culture Theory and Method.” Winterthur Portfolio 17, no. 1 (1982): 1–19. http:// www.jstor.org/stable/1180761.

In order to achieve this, the methodology developed by Jules David Prown is employed as it frames the psychological dimension to material culture and strives for objectivity from subjective content. (2) This involves three stages, firstly precise description, focusing on the physical composition and properties of the object as well as its distribution and use patterns. Secondly, deduction, involving the interpreting of the interaction between the object, the author(s) and perceiver. A process of emotional and intellectual engagement with the object to empathetically link it with the actual situation within which it, and I with it, exists. (3 Thirdly, the researcher engages in speculation, using external evidence but also ‘creative imagining’ to hypothesise why the object is the way it is, Photographic documentation enables a parallel exploration of visual and verbal components that places compositional analysis alongside linguistic.

To be accompanied by the sound recording of the internal atmosphere and the communicating speakers of CCStop, I intend to involve the reader in my analysis. Perhaps listening once before reading and once after could be advisable - but should remain autonomous. People can be heard laughing, singing and talking with the backing track of a distant band echoing off the shop fronts.

Jack Garvin

Description

A prominent element of the existing internal environment of CCStop is the ad hoc shop fronts that line the circulation spaces and provide a barrier between the public and private realms. Installed in 1982 during the conversion into a commercial centre they would initally have been entirely transparent, permeable elements that allowed visibility of the goods for sale within. However, since the band inhabitation, they have been gradually back-painted, decorated and acoustically treated in a DIY manner.

A typical front (see fig b) measures 3.4m wide and 2.9m tall with the largest panel holding an approximate mass of 66kg. The volume of a typical partition frame is calculated to be 0.0108m3 with the sum of the glazing 0.05m3. Therefore, the mass of the frame = 0.0108m3 x 2,710kgm3 = 29.2kg and mass of the glazing 0.05m3 x 2500kgm3 = 125.0kg.

Therefore the overall mass of a partition is 154.2kg.

Consisting of aluminium frames of 50mm thick extruded 3mm rectangular profile, with 6mm glazing panels within, the shop fronts are relatively slim partitions. The low density and high strength to weight ratio of aluminium allows for the partition to efficiently divide space while bearing a relatively low load on the superstructure. It also enables maximal glazing (or non load bearing element) that was essential for its commercial origin and is resistant to corrosion due to the oxide layer formed on exposure to air.

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Jack Garvin

Description

Embodied carbon “comes from the consumption of embodied energy consumed to extract, refine, process, transport and fabricate a material or product” (Circular Ecology) or the amount of Carbon emitted in the production of a material. An increasingly important element to material studies as it represents a circular practice and necessary consideration of the climate crisis.

The calculated embodied carbon of a single shopfront = 2700kgCO2e Equivalent to three petrol cars being driven 11,000 miles! This is a significant material consideration for a comprehensive description that is both immaterial and tangible and justifies a practice of working with them for reuse.

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Palasmaa

They are regularly used, with the signs of wear being most evident in the doors, where paintwork is worn away (see fig e). This speaks to it being the first point of physical contact between inhabitant and object, or “the handshake of the building” (4).

The majority of commercial units are inhabited by autonomous bands of 4-5 members, although some are shared between multiple on average there are 5 users of the partitions on a daily basis with many rehearsals happening in the evenings and increased activity at the weekends. They have been independently treated for acoustic purposes, with a range of techniques from eggboxes, cork and foam panels being fixed to the inner face of the glazing. They are also used for decorative purposes – as a canvas to be patinated with visual and verbal message ranging from political to personal subject matters.

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Jack Garvin

Description

The pattern of distribution is linear and encompassing, lining the perimeter and wrapping a central island in the floorplan, with the maximum population of commercial units a concern during the CMP’s conversion to a commercial centre.

They are, therefore, the skin of the public circulation space through which musicians and the occasional member of public pass. The object is articulated by the open aluminium frame, with the glazing being effectively flush with the outer face of the frame, giving the impression of weightlessness or 2 dimensionality. This is juxtaposed by the definite weight and volume of the superstructure - a dimensional coexistence.

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Fernandez, James 1974 The Mission of Metaphor in Expressive Culture. Current Anthropology 15: 119-145

The iconography of the spolia includes anarchic symbols that express an anti-authoritarian belief and allude to the consideration of property as a vehicle for tyranny. Animal depictions are also prevalent, with elephants and eyes staring directly at the perceiver and cheetahs stretching as if preparing to take off down the corridor. Perhaps to prepare for perfomance or to awaken from rest ”Animal metaphors are important poetic devices in folklore for giving meaning to human experience” (5) Their interaction with light is negligible in present day condition due to backpainting but the textural qualities are diverse yet partially inaccessible.

This is due to the outward-facing face being consistent through all, of glazing and aluminium, with the inward-facing faces being the ones treated autonomously for acoustic purposes. This creates a texture that can be imagined while walking past but not fully interacted with or appreciated.

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FREE SPACE WE ALL HATE POPULISTS WE ARE TOGETHER

O STOP IS OURS, O STOP IS OURS O STOP IS OURS IT HAS TO BE O STOP IS OURS IT HAS TO BE O STOP IS OURS UNTIL DEATH

SOS!!! SOS!!! !!!STOP!!!

NO MORE LIES OR STOP NO MORE!!!

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Deduction

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In order to interpret the interaction between the object and perceiver it is essential to decipher the markings made on the shopfronts themselves.

By providing my own translation of the Português inscriptions (see left) I involve personal experience in the deduction of connections between the objects. The potential for erroneous judgement is of course apparent here, as my understanding derives from Spanish, and it is important to acknowledge that this is a singular reaction of which there are infinite - a moment in time.

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“Language as a Key to Mind and Heart.” South Atlantic Bulletin 22, no.

3 (1957): 7–9. https://doi. org/10.2307/3198713.

However, it is important to acknowledge that had my visit to Stop taken place prior to having learnt Spanish then my understanding would have been limited to the sporadic message written in English.

The relationship between native tongue and second language is of interest here as considering language “does not stem from our ability to think, but rather it is language that has created thought” (6) it is evident that true expression of the self and associated beliefs is most easily achieved in one’s native tongue. Therefore, it is implied that to achieve a more accurate reading of Stop’s speakers I would need to either learn Português or visit with a translator.

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Deduction

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The readings of the markings can tell us about the thought of the musicians that they desire to express, such as the stance that they take in the current political climate. For example, the extensive expression of support for Palestine is telling of a culture that relates to, and empathises with, the oppressed. This is perhaps partly resulting from The Salazar regime of 1926-74 that holds a definite position in recent collective memory of the Portuguese people. Further evidence of this is in the depiction of the recently re-elected president of the United States alongside the statement “never forget it was through votes that we got hitler” telling of a culture that has the tools to recognise fascism when it sees one.

The ’Estado Novo’ (New State) “emphasized order over freedom and attempted to “neutralize” society through the use of censorship, propaganda, and political imprisonment” (Brittanica). This is especially true at this location, with the neighbouring Military Museum being the headquarters of the PIDE (secret police of the fascist regime) from 1948-74, housing torture rooms and prison cells. The weight of this history is clearly felt by the inhabitants of Stop, with the ability to release through graffiti perhaps serving to lighten this weight as well as to motivate them to create musically.

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a) b) c) 016 d) Interiores de salas.

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Deduction

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Jencks, Charles, and Nathan Silver. Adhocism: The Case for Improvisation. The MIT Press, 2013. https://www.jstor.org/ stable/j.ctt5hhcvj.

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“The present environment is tending towards both extreme visual simplicity and extreme functional complexity. This double and opposite movement is eroding our emotional transaction with and comprehension of objects.” (7) The experience of walking past is both disorientating and sensorially stimulating with the sound that emanates from within the visually diverse frontages sealing the disconcerting atmosphere. Safety is of concern here despite the awareness of a security officer being on shift and stationed next to the entrance, it is difficult to shake the feeling of trespass. There is little doubt that every move I make is being watched on surveillance camera, but this is also true of day-to-day life – so why did the environment concentrate this feeling of being surveilled? Perhaps because of a lack of escape, lack of sight lines out, or knowledge of being surrounded by strangers that I cannot see.

Yet I feel inspired.

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“Language as a Key to Mind and Heart.” South Atlantic Bulletin 22, no.

3 (1957): 7–9. https://doi. org/10.2307/3198713.

The current tenure of CCStop is relevant to the anarchic markings found as it is under shared ownership, fractured during the conversion to commercial centre. Each band rents the space from the individual owner. Considering “every word is the sum in microcosm of the historical experience of that particular people” (8) it is also likely that the actual language used is developed, or at the very least influenced by the experience of the Salazar Regime. There exists a great psychological nuance to language, connotations developed over time of which I, and many others who pass through Stop corridors, are not aware.

Jack Garvin

Speculation

Perhaps the reason I resonate so strongly with CCStop is due to my own political alignment with the beliefs expressed by the musicians. I share the desire for a recognised and freed Palestine and the dismantling of power structures within which fascism thrives. But could it be more profound? The misfit of the creative use in a commercial space perhaps aligns with a desire for abstraction that I have harboured in an excessively orthogonal and precise architectural education. The biannual urge I have felt to enrol in a fine art course with the inevitable continuation with architecture is comedic in hindsight yet speaks to an unfulfilled imagination in a culture of ‘keep on keeping on’. Perhaps the found objects of Stop speak to an under represented side of my own self?

In relation to the shop front object itself, could it be the perceived two-dimensionality that reinforces this sense of enclosure?

Could it be that it is the analogue nature of the expression that resonates with the resentment I hold of my mobile device prosthetic?

A centre for consumerism housing counter culture is a misfit that stems from societal, financial and capitalist failures. A need of the surrounding area for a space of musical experimentation was met by the residents organically - without premeditation and so it is without doubt the collective creative action that I admire. The imagination displayed in conjunction with this is perhaps what I found so inspiring. That sustained creative expression, indeed freedom, still has a place in an increasingly oppressive world. Perhaps all hope is not lost?

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Jack Garvin

Conclusion

There does of course, exist a limit to material culture studies in the ability, and indeed right, to tell the stories of others through the reading of their things. The story I have told therefore of Stop and its inhabitants is but one of many. Of a rich intangible tapestry that is interlaced with materiality, a coexistence of dissonant harmony.

Through this analysis it has become clear that urban space holds greater value than a mere backdrop for social life. It is in fact defined, shaped and understood through material culture. Artefacts embedded in the public realm such as street furniture holds and communicates values, power structures and use patterns in its very materiality.

The reading of the city through a material culture lens allows for a depth of understanding that goes beyond a physical study, it allows for the alignment of the urban environment with a cultural literature to be deciphered as a means to understand and empathise with others.

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The use of photographs in digital form still holds a materiality although less tangibly than their physical counterpart. The photos app that hosts them frames their visibility and social function through the associated Metadata (timestamps, geolocation, file names). Giving photographs bureaucratic utility and enabling them to be used as evidence or surveillance tools - one can serveill the surveiller. The phone camera, now a ubiquitous object, acts as a social prosthetic, mediating how we experience and document the world around us. Essential to this analysis, further research is required here into how photography can simultaneously negotiate tangible and intangible material and is an effective tool for story telling.

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Jack Garvin

Conclusion

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There exists a definite immateriality and abstraction to the cultural study of music yet it is clearly propped up by multiple forms of material culture such as instruments, electronic equipment, concert halls, bodies etc. (9)

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Straw, Will (2012). Music and Material Culture. Routledge.

The Cultural Study of Music, Chapter 20.

Born, Georgina. ‘On Musical Mediation: Ontology, Technology and Creativity’. Twentieth Century Music 2/1 (2005): 7–36.

Tilley, C. (1999). Metaphor and material culture. Blackwell.

It could be read that in the case of Stop, its musical culture is where “subjects and objects collide and intermingle”. (10) Described as “the real Casa da Musica” by its inhabitants, the instrument appears to be considered on the same plane as the body or even as an extension of it. This is in stark contrast to the dehumanisation and separation from craft apparent at the aforementioned Casa da Musica, (designed by Rem Koolhaas) in the city centre.

Considering “the body as an object and subject of practices and knowledges, a tool and a raw material to be worked on.” (11) It could be inferred that for true self expression it is necessary to deconstruct ones own conditioned power structures, and reside on the same level as the tools with which one works.

The musicians of CCStop are a shining example of how the sustaining of this spirit can begin to shine light and emplore activism on the important issues of our times.

Their future role in our collective conscience is a story yet to be told but one that I will follow closely, for above all this analysis has embedded within me a great respect for the musicians of Stop.

Power to them!

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Bibliography Born, Georgina. ‘On Musical Mediation: Ontology, Technology and Creativity’.

Twentieth Century Music 2/1 (2005): 7–36.

Halberstadt, Jamin. ‘Language, Emotion Attribution, and Emotional Experience’. Psychological Inquiry 16, no. 1 (2005): 18–21.

Harvey, Karen. History and Material Culture: A Student’s Guide to Approaching Alternative Sources. Routledge Guides to Using Historical Sources. Oxon: Routledge, 2009.

Jencks, Charles, and Nathan Silver. Adhocism: The Case for Improvisation.

The MIT Press, 2013. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hhcvj.

Kwint, Marius and Royal College of Art. Material Memories: Design and Evocation. Oxford: Berg, 1999.

Peixoto, Ana Catarina. ‘Artistas lutam contra encerramento do centro comercial Stop: “Se isto fechar, o Porto perde a sua casa da música”’.

Observador. Accessed 26 April 2025. https://observador.pt/especiais/ artistas-lutam-contra-encerramento-do-centro-comercial-stop-se-istofechar-o-porto-perde-a-sua-casa-da-musica/.

‘Portugal - Revolution, Republic, Autonomy | Britannica’. Accessed 8 May 2025. https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal/The-FirstRepublic-1910-26.

Prown, Jules David. ‘Mind in Matter: An Introduction to Material Culture Theory and Method’. Winterthur Portfolio 17, no. 1 (1982): 1–19.

Straw, Will. ‘Music and Material Culture’. In The Cultural Study of Music, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2012.

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Taggart, James M. ‘Animal Metaphors in Spanish and Mexican Oral Tradition’.

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The Journal of American Folklore 95, no. 377 (1982): 280–303. https://doi. org/10.2307/539911.

The Architectural Review. ‘The Writing on the Wall: The Language of Buildings’, 23 January 2019. https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/ the-writing-on-the-wall-the-language-of-buildings.

Images Bibliography a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t

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Author’s Own Collage Author’s Own Drawing Author’s Own Collage Author’s Own Photograph Author’s Own Photograph Ferreira, Miguel Veiga. ‘Entre Memória e Esquecimento: Por Uma Intervenção Participativa No Centro Comercial STOP’.

Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade do Porto, 2022.

Peixoto, Ana Catarina. ‘Artistas lutam contra encerramento do centro comercial Stop: “Se isto fechar, o Porto perde a sua casa da música”’. Observador.

Author’s Own Collage Author’s Own Collage Author’s Own Photograph https://www.agenda-porto.pt/en/media/portografia-a- libertacao-dos-ultimos-presos-politicos-da-pide-no-porto/ ibid Author’s Own Drawing Fábio Veríssimo Santos, Miguel Veiga Ferreira and Anselmo Canha.

Photos by Mairi Sutherland of the author in CCStop.

Author’s Own Photograph https://www.facebook.com/STOPmanifesta/photos ibid ibid ibid

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