Forage 2015

FORAGE Hay Feed Seed •

•

SPRING 2015 EDITION

Union Center, SD

Standard Loading Chute

800~828~2829 www.cammackranchsupply.com Dakota Dart Gun

$

$5,195

5,89500

Western Drop-In Auto Gates

Straight Alley

No Foundation Required

$425

Rifle Only

10’................................. $1,45000 12’ ................................ $1,80000 16’................................. $2,40000 20’................................. $3,00000 Wing Sets ........................ $29500

Allows medication of hard to handle animals or those in remote locations with ease.

Very accurate at 60 feet.

Dart Gun Starter Kit Dakota Dart Gun .......................$425.00 Dart Gun Hard Case ....................$24.95 Power Loads (100) ......................$10.95 Darts (15) $4. ea. ..........................$65.85 Bore Snake ..................................$22.95 Hoppe’s Solvent ............................$5.45 12cc Disp. Syringe ..........................40¢ 19 Ga x 1.5” Disp. Needle ..............35¢

Complete Kit $555.90 Electric Branding Irons All prices listed below Apply to stAndArd 2”, 2.5”, 3”, 3.5”, or 4” letters or figures.

2” & 2.5” electric branders are made with a thin line 3/16” face, 3” and above with 3/8”.

Single letter or figure ............ $112.00* Two letters or figures............. $122.00* Three letters or figures .......... $132.00* We’ve got your brand, custom design...

NO PROBLEM!!! Call for Quotes!

Red Brand Barbed Wire $3.00/Roll Mail-In Rebate

Post Puller & Pounder

• 2-7/8” pipe frame • 1/4” floor plate • Front swivel plate • Side truckers door • 12 Gauge siding sheeting • 16 ft. chute length • Full length catwalk • Weight 3700 lbs.

Heavy Duty 12.5 Ga.

62.50 roll $61.75 each/pallet quantity $

E-Z Corral Continuous Fence 20’ Panel

5 Bar $99

$95-10+

Cammack Ranch Supply C=1 M=1 Y=1 OtherDianna Palmer, 1SD01

6 Bar 20’ Panel

$225 $215-10+

Stationary

Portable

$5,395 $5,950

Rhino N30 Planetary Drive Digger Digger with Skid Steer plate 9” Augers and 12” Augers Only

$2,829

Digger with Loader Mounts 9” Augers and 12” Augers Only

$2,699

A25 Automatic Headgate

specificAtions Opening 60” Tall • Overall 69” Opening 28” Wide • Bottom 18” Overall 39” less handle Step Over: 2.5” · Closes To: 4” · 200 lbs. $ 00 fMA25

879

$

WW Feed Bunks Standard Bunk Features

715

Options Available

High Density Polyethylene Pipe 1”, 1 1/4”, 1 1/2”, 2” available • 200 lb. PSI

- Legs on inside - Painted - Height variations

• 10 Gauge material • 3/16” leg material • Feed saver lip • Legs capped top & bottom 38” W x 12” D x 20’ Long Weight: 750 lbs.

Perfect for Summer Ranges

$695

Shallow Bury 24” Max Depth

10+

Perfect for Winter Ranges When Buried Deep

Portable Loading Chute · Chute is 12’ long 29” wide · 5’ tall sides with 4’ of sheet metal · Loading floor adjusts from 30” to 52” · Gate at both ends of chute · Chute may be used to carry 10’ and 12’ portable panels · Holds up to 34 panels: 11 panels on each side of the trailer and 12 in the middle

T-Posts

T-Posts .....0+200 ....200+ 5½’ .........$4.25 .....$4.15 6’ ..........$4.65 .....$4.55 7’ ..........$5.55 .....$5.45

$115-10+

11043559R E-Z Corral Freestanding Panel

(27 rolls per pallet)

All Posts are 5 FREE CLIPS 1.33# per ft. with each post.

6 Bar $119

• 24’ Alleyway • Single Catwalk • 2 Slide Doors

$2,840

Bekaert Barbed Wire High Tensile ZA 14 Ga 2 Pt ultimate solution for 5995 each highThequality & long life at an $ 00 59 pallet affordable price!

$

(36 rolls)

Freeze Solid & Still be Viable

Tire Tanks 6’......................................... $350.00 7’......................................... $395.00 8’ ........................................ $550.00 11’ & 12’ E YOUR CHOIC

$

750

13’....................................... $895.00

Common Sense Wire Winder $

1,040

Practical Solutions Practical Solutions Available Available Practical Solutions Available Available with Chelated with Chelated with with Chelated Chelated Zinc and Zinc and Profitable Investments Zinc Zinc andand Profitable Investments Profitable Investments Copper Copper Copper Copper Proven Results Proven Results Proven Results

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Offering these forages.

Offering these forages.

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Offering these feeds in free-choice lick feeds in free-choice lick feeds in free-choice feeds in free-choice licklick tanks optimizes forage tanks optimizes forage tanks optimizes forage tanks optimizes forage utilization and helps cattle utilization and helps cattle utilization and helps cattle utilization and helps cattle maintain body condition and maintain body condition and maintain body condition maintain body condition andand productivity. productivity. productivity. productivity.

Add QLF For: Add QLF For: Add QLF For: Add QLF For: Nutrition • •• Better Nutrition •Better Better Nutrition Better Nutrition Cow Body • •• Improved Cow Body •Improved Improved Cow Body Improved Cow Body Condition Condition Condition Condition Calves • •• Stronger Calves •Stronger Stronger Calves Stronger Calves Breed -- Back • •• Better Breed - Back •Better Better Breed - Back Better Breed Back • •• Convenience •Convenience Convenience Convenience Savings • •• Labor Savings •Labor Labor Savings Labor Savings Forage Waste • •• Less Forage Waste •Less Less Forage Waste Less Forage Waste

Treating Forages Treating Forages Treating Forages Treating Forages University research shows that University research shows that 11045460R University research shows that University research shows that cattle often waste between Quality Liquid Feeds cattle often waste between cattle often waste between cattle often waste between C=1 Y=1 10-45% the hay in round 10-45% of of the inhay round 10-45% ofhay the in round 10-45% ofM=1 the hay inOtherround Sarah Swenson, 1SD09 bales.

You can’t afford those bales.

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YouYou can’t afford those losses. losses. losses. losses.

The Hay Treat Advantage: The Hay Treat Advantage: The Hay Treat Advantage: The Hay Treat Advantage: When applied directly When applied directly to to When applied directly When applied directly to to harvested forages, QLF liquid harvested forages, QLF liquid harvested forages, QLF liquid harvested forages, QLF liquid supplements reduce waste, supplements reduce waste, supplements reduce waste, supplements reduce waste, while providing needed while providing needed while providing needed while providing needed nutrition and encouraging nutrition and encouraging nutrition and encouraging nutrition and encouraging consumption of lowconsumption of even consumption of loweven lowconsumption of even even lowquality forages. quality forages. quality forages. quality forages.

Add QLF To: Add QLF To: Add QLF Add QLF To:To: • Fully Utilize Available, • • Fully Utilize Available, • Fully Fully Utilize Available, Utilize Available, Low Quality Forage Low Quality Forage Low Quality Forage Low Quality Forage • Provide Nutrition • • Provide Nutrition • Provide Provide Nutrition Nutrition Needed Desired Needed forfor Desired Needed for Desired Needed for Desired Production Production Production Production Good Body • •• Maintain Good Body •Maintain Maintain Good Body Maintain Good Body Condition Condition Condition Condition

Growing/Finishing Growing/Finishing Growing/Finishing Growing/Finishing Liquid supplements provide Liquid supplements provide Liquid Liquid supplements supplements provide provide supplemental protein, macro supplemental protein, macro supplemental supplemental protein, protein, macro macro and micro minerals, vitamins and micro minerals, vitamins and and micro micro minerals, minerals, vitamins vitamins and additives needed high and additives needed byby high and and additives additives needed needed by by high high performing feedlot cattle. performing feedlot cattle. performing performing feedlot feedlot cattle. cattle.

Diet Uniformity: Diet Uniformity: Diet Diet Uniformity: Uniformity: QLF improves initial TMR QLF improves initial TMR QLF QLF improves improves initial initial TMR TMR mixes, holds fines, and mixes, holds fines, and mixes, mixes, holds holds fines, fines, andand reduces animal sorting.

Each reduces animal sorting.

Each reduces reduces animal animal sorting. sorting.

Each Each bite is much closer bite isbite that closer to to the bite is that that ismuch that much much closer closer to the the to the diet that was formulated, and diet that was formulated, and diet diet that that was was formulated, formulated, andand the risk of nutritional upsets thethe risk ofrisk nutritional upsets is is the risk of nutritional of nutritional upsets upsets is is reduced. reduced. reduced. reduced.

Add QLF For: Add QLF For: Add Add QLF QLF For: For: Nutrition • •• Optimized Nutrition •Optimized Optimized Optimized Nutrition Nutrition Performance • •• Enhanced Performance •Enhanced Enhanced Enhanced Performance Performance and • •• Flexibility and •Flexibility Flexibility Flexibility andand Convenience Convenience Convenience Convenience • Better Cost of • • Better Cost of Gain • Better Better Cost Cost of Gain Gain of Gain

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BY PLACING BOTH FEET FIRMLY ONPROPERLY THE FLOOR powersports.honda.com PIONEER 500 IS DRIVERS OF OLDER, WHO ENOUGH FOR SEAT BELT TO AND REACH ALL CONTROLS. CONTROLS. PASSENGER SHOULD ALSO BE TALL ENOUGH FOREYE THE SEAT BELT BELT AND TO FIT FIT PROPERLY AND BRACE BRACE THEMSELVES, IF NEEDED, NEEDED, BYPLEASE PLACING BOTH WIE FIRMLY GRASPING THE HANDPASSENGER HOLD. ALWAYS WEAR ALSO YOUR BE SEAT BELT, A HELMET, PROTECTION CLOTHING APPROPRIATE TO THEMSELVES, THE DRIVING SITUATION, AND RESPECT AND REACH ALL SHOULD TALL ENOUGH FOR THE SEAT TO PROPERLY AND IF BY PLACING BOTH THE ENVIRONMNT. KEEP DOORS AND SIDE NETS CLOSED. READ YOUR OWNERS MANUAL THOROUGHLY. Pioneer™ is a trademarks of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. ©2014 American Honda FEET FIRMLY ON THE FLOOR WHILE FIRMLY GRASPING THE HAND HOLD. ALWAYS WEAR YOUR SEAT BELT, A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION AND CLOTHING APPROPRIATE TOMotor THE FEET FIRMLY ON THE FLOOR WHILE FIRMLY GRASPING THE HAND HOLD. ALWAYS WEAR YOUR SEAT BELT, A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION AND CLOTHING APPROPRIATE TO THE ™ Co., Inc. (06/14) DRIVING SITUATION, AND AND PLEASE PLEASE RESPECT RESPECT THE THE ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT. KEEP KEEP DOORS DOORS AND AND SIDE SIDE NETS NETS CLOSED. CLOSED. READ READ YOUR YOUR OWNER’S OWNER’S MANUAL MANUAL THOROUGHLY. THOROUGHLY. Pioneer Pioneer™ is a a trademark trademark of of DRIVING SITUATION, is Honda Motor Co., Ltd. ©2014 American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (6/14) Honda Motor Co., Ltd. ©2014 American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (6/14)

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ever.

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powersports.honda.com UTILITY ATVs ARE RECOMMENDED ONLY FOR RIDERS 16 YEARS powersports.honda.com CRF/Fs ARE INTENDED FOR OFF-ROAD OPERATION ONLY. PAROF AGE AND OLDER. ATVs CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO OPERATE. FOR YOUR SAFETY, BE REENTS NEED TO CONSIDER A RIDER’S AGE, SIZE, ABILITY AND MATURITY BEFORE ALSPONSIBLE.READ THE OWNER’S MANUAL. ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION LOWING THEM TO RIDE. ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION AND PROTECTIVE AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. BE CAREFUL ON DIFFICULT TERRAIN. ALL ATV RIDERS CLOTHING, AND PLEASE RESPECT THE ENVIRONMENT. OBEY THE LAW AND READ THE powersports.honda.com UTILITY ATVs ARE RECOMMENDED ONLY FOR RIDERS 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. ATVs CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO OPERATE. FOR YOUR SAFETY, BE RESPONSIBLE.CRF/Fs ARE INTENDED FOR OFF-ROAD OPERATION ONLY. PARENTS NEED TO CONSIDER A RIDER’S AGE, SIZE, ABILITY AND MATURITY BEFORE ALLOWING THEM powersports.honda.com SHOULD TAKE A TRAINING COURSE (FREE FOR NEW BUYERS. ASK YOUR DEALER ORA TRAINING COURSE OWNER’S MANUAL THOROUGHLY. Always stay on established trails in approved riding areas.

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NEVER RIDE RIDE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS OR ALCOHOL, ON PAVED ON PUBLIC ROADS, WITH Always stay on established trails in approved areas. CRF is a registered trademark of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. ©2014 American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (7/14) powersports.honda.com CRF/Fs AREFourTrax INTENDED OFF-ROAD ONLY. PARENTS NEED PASSENGERS, OR AT EXCESSIVE SPEEDS. NO STUNT RIDING. RESPECT ENVIRONMENT WHEN RIDING. , Rancher FOR and Best On AT Earth™ areOPERATION registered trademarks of Honda Motor Inc. Co., Ltd. ON PAVED SURFACES, ONTHE PUBLIC ROADS, WITH PASSENGERS, OR EXCESSIVE SPEEDS. (7/14) TO CONSIDER A RIDER’S AGE, SIZE, ABILITY AND MATURITY BEFORE ALLOWING THEM ©2014 American Honda Motor Co., Inc.TO (08/14) RIDE.RIDING. ALWAYSRESPECT WEAR A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, ANDand PLEASE RESPECT THE ENVIRONMENT. OBEY THE LAW AND READ THE OWNER’S MANUAL THOROUGHLY. NO STUNT THE ENVIRONMENT WHENAND RIDING. FourTrax®, Rancher® ® Always stay on are established trails in approvedofriding areas.

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*MSRP excludes $350 destination charge 2015 TRX420FM1F $6,199. excludes $600 destination charge 2015 SXS500M2F $8,499 FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 1

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W.4 Hwy 212 Belle Fourche, NEWS SD 57717 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK • FORAGE • 2015

Table of Contents Sweet Return: Sugar beet farmers graze cows and sheep on tops......................... p. 8

Putting in Pulses: Still no ‘magic beans,’ but new research shows benefits.............p. 50

Green Grass: High cattle prices bring increased pasture rental rates............p. 12

Getting a Pulse on Specialty Markets ........................................................................p. 56

It’s All in the Timing: Hay harvest depends on several factors.....................................p. 20

Getting to the Root: Subsurface drip irrigation brings efficiency to the field ........................................................................p. 60

By Nicole Michaels

By Amanda Radke

By Heather Smith Thomas

Pink or Purple: Some producers are opting for sainfoin over alfalfa..........................p. 28

By Nicole Michaels

Using Ryegrass for High Quality Feed .......................................................................p. 34

By Laura Nelson

By Laura Nelson

By Rhonda Sedgwick Stearns

A Recipe for Healthy Soil: Chocolate cake and other soil health indicators.........p. 66

By Laura Nelson

By Heather Smith Thomas

It’s a Wrap: Tradition is making way for innovation as net wrap nudges aside twine ........................................................................p. 42

By Ruth Nicolaus

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 5

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ERRORS:

The Tri-State Livestock News & Farm & Rancher Exchange shall be responsible for errors or omission in connection with an advertisement only to the extent of the space covered by the error.

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Opinions stated in letters or signed columns do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of Tri-State News.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 7

Sweet Return SUGAR BEET FARMERS GRAZE COWS AND SHEEP ON TOPS OVER WINTER Northrup cows fatten on beet tops in Northern Wyoming. The producer says most cows add two body scores when fed the tops and a roughage like hay or corn stubble.

By Nicole Michaels

8 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

“

When people ask me how many cows you can feed on beets per acre, I just have to act stupid. There are so many variables. It’s an art, not a science.

- Regan Smith, beet farmer and cattleman

B

eet farmer and cattleman Regan A defoliator is the preferred equipment for Smith doesn’t mind admitting he’s harvest nowadays, and it doesn’t leave as much a dying breed. beet in the ground. The more clunky “topper” keeps the cows happy.

The Powell, Wyoming producer is one a few who still runs cows or sheep on Add to that the fact that a lot of growers beet tops. have decided just to farm instead of run livestock, and well, you get the picture.

The once common practice is still a familiar sight around the Big Horn Basin outside of “Livestock, you got to love them,” Smith Yellowstone, but not on the scale it once was. says. “It’s kind of a passion and there are very few of us left who do both.”

“Used to be everybody saved tops,” Smith says, “but we’re in the minority now.”

”

Smith says he estimates 20 percent of growers still make beet residue work as a cattle or sheep feed. It requires fencing, a working knowledge of the animals and at least a temporary water source.

The practice makes people curious, Smith says.

“When people ask me how many cows you can feed on beets per acre, I just have to act stupid,” he says. “There are so many variables.

It’s an art, not a science.”

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 9

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Grower and rancher David Northrup has a sweet deal figured that includes custom feeding for other cattlemen.

“If you have cattle as an enterprise here, it’s the only way to go,” Northrup says.

From the time beet harvest ends, typically in November, Northrup cows are put on tops and they’ll stay there until late winter or early spring.

“Sugar beets are like candy. The cows love them,” he says. “You got to include corn stubble or hay for the fiber and then they’ll gain weight all winter long.”

Northrup says his cows gain two full body scores on beets and roughage.

“They come off butterballs,” he says.

Because of choking hazards – not the tops, but any beets left in the field by a digger – they check the cows regularly and often.

“The worst time is the first three or four days,” says Patrick Northrup, eldest son in

the family. “That’s when they’re most likely to choke.”

And there’s always an animal or two that seems to have just the right size muzzle to get in trouble.

Beef prices being strong, the loss of one cow, especially a bred one, is no small thing.

But the risk is managed and worth the payoff.

Cows get a visit early at the water hole and at noon and night.

“They’ve been out two weeks now,” Patrick Northrup says. “We’re looking good.”

Because of the high sugar content, which can even lead to carbohydrate poisoning, the best situation is to have a beet field next to a corn field, Patrick says. “Cows will fill up on beets in the morning and then switch to the corn stubble for the roughage, and they do it on their own,” he says.

Beet pulp, as a co-product of the sugar beet industry, is readily available and can be stored for later use. Not so with tops.

Removal of the sugar in beet pulp increases crude protein and fiber content as compared to the whole root.

Sugar beet residue is considered some of the highest quality residue out there. There is very little waste.

Sheep are less likely to choke because of the structure of their heads and mouths.

The smaller muzzles of sheep also mean they can dig deeper into the root in an unplowed field.

That worked well in 2009, when about 30 percent of the beet crop was never harvested because of cold weather. That season, some growers left the beets unplowed in the ground, making for extra feed for sheep and cows.

Smith remembers that year. “I was glad I had the knowledge to take advantage of it.”

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Ainsworth, Nebraska • www.bejotfeedlots.com (402) 387-2236 • Feedlot • (800) 333-3568 FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 11

12 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

GREEN GRA$$ High cattle prices bring increased pasture rental rates

By Amanda Radke

After a nearly decade-long drought and sky-high fuel and feed costs in the 2000s, the stars have finally aligned for cattlemen. Record-high beef prices and lower feed costs are creating an atmosphere of optimism and a need for more pasture as ranchers expand their herds to meet the growing demand for beef around the world. This trend for beef producers is expected to continue in 2015; however, even with high prices, there are still obstacles for ranchers to overcome.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 13

“We need to learn from the farmers’ mistakes of assuming corn would never go below $5. Everything is cyclical; ranchers need to prepare for the market swing.”

Bill Slovek

O

ne challenge in particular, is obtaining a land lease for rangeland grazing and paying the increasing rent rates required by landowners. In South Dakota, most non-irrigated pasture and rangeland average cash rental rates have increased substantially in the last five years.

“The trouble with the increase in rates is when the price of cattle goes down in the next cycle, landlords won’t want to lower their rents, which creates another squeeze on the producer,” said Bill Slovek, a cow-calf seedstock producer located 23 miles north of Phillip, S.D. “We need to learn from the farmers’ mistakes of assuming corn would never go below $5. Everything is cyclical; ranchers need to prepare for the market swing.”

According to a study completed by South Dakota State University (SDSU) Extension’s Dr. Larry Janssen, Dr. Kim Dillivan, and Bronc McMurtry, “Average cash rents in the central region increased 35.2 percent, while average cash rents in the north-central region had appreciation of 48.8 percent. The largest percentage increase in average cash rents during this period was 64.4 percent in the northwest region. The smallest percentage increase in average cash rents was 5.3 percent in the southwest region.”

The study, called the “2014 SDSU Farm Real Estate Market Survey,” said agricultural land values have more than doubled since 2010 and have increased seven-fold from 2000.

14 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

For example, in 2014, non-irrigated agricultural land in South Dakota was valued at $2,470/acre; non-irrigated land varied from $5,763/acre in the east-central region to $512/ acre in the northwest region; and average rangeland values varied from $2,861/acre in the east-central to $436/acre in the northwest, according to the survey.

This higher value in land was supported by increased cash rental rates. According to the survey, “Statewide, from 2013 to 2014, average cash rental rates per-acre increased $5.80 for cropland, $5.10 for hay land, and $1.75 for rangeland. Cash rental rates were steady to increasing in most regions for all land uses, with considerable regional variation in the amount and percentage change.”

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Many ranchers hold the rental rates pretty close to the vest in fear of being outbid by neighbors or even competition from out-ofstate parties.

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“On renting land, it’s a dog-eat-dog world,” said Slovek. “There’s plenty of competition with bidders for land rent. We are seeing people moving cattle farther down the road to run their herd on summer pastures. You’re not just competing against your neighbor anymore. For example, we have people in western Nebraska who have irrigated corn fields and can winter cattle on corn stalks very affordably. As a result, they have more money to pay for summer pasture. They can haul cattle farther and just add transportation costs and are able to outbid most people because they have cheaper wintering costs.”

In Slovek’s area, land rent is based on a peranimal unit basis, not per-acre. He said he needs approximately 22-23 acres per cow, per year, on a normal year with adequate rain.

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“Until 2009, we figured about $1 a day a pair to equal about $30/month,” said Slovek.

“In 2014, rental rates increased to $60-80/ month, with some bumping up to $100 or more. Rental rates have doubled and even tripled in the last five years, which makes sense now with high prices, but could be tough once the market settles down again.”

As seed companies have improved and further developed options for drought-resistant seed, even the driest, rockiest and roughest ground that was most suitable for livestock grazing has been a target for growing corn in the last decade. However, in the last three years, agricultural land values have moderated due to declining prices for grain crops and reduced farm sector incomes. This has somewhat slowed the growing trend of the last decade of converting pasture to cropland.

“We aren’t seeing a conversion of farmland back to grass around here yet, but we do need to stop the conversion of grass to farm ground right now as ranchers are looking for grazing land for their cattle,” said Slovek. “The corn belt is definitely creeping west, but right now the markets are telling us to quit farming up pasture and raise livestock instead. With $3 a bushel corn and $3 a pound calves, it’s clear that the money is in the cattle business right now.”

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 15

Photo by Carrie Stadheim

“The corn belt is definitely creeping west, but right now the markets are telling us to quit farming up pasture and raise livestock instead. With $3 a bushel corn and $3 a pound calves, it’s clear that the money is in the cattle business right now.”

- Bill Slovek, cattle producer

However, there are still plenty of safety nets in crop production to give farmers incentive to continue growing grains. A major change in the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Farm Bill) will require a one-time commodity program decision to be made by the landowner. This decision will stay with the specific property for the life of the Farm Bill, from 2014 to 2018, even if the property changes operators

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or is sold. The three new commodity programs include: Price Loss Coverage (PLC), County Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC), and Individual ARC. These three programs will replace Counter-Cyclical Payment yields and Direct Payments.

For Slovek, policy-makers aren’t allowing the free market to dictate how agriculturalists make a living.

“One thing that continues to concern me is the Farm Bill has made it hard to fail in farming,” said Slovek. “With crop insurance and payments, it makes farming a lower-risk enterprise. In the cattle industry, we don’t have the safety nets or subsidies available, but it enables us to have a free market. However, even with these policies, the markets are still indicating that livestock producers are in the

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NEW HOLLAND EVEN BELOW COST! 8- R2300 NH T6.165 LOADER HIGHLINE CFR650 FEED CHOPPER NH TV6070 2500HRS AUTO WRAP 2-L220 CAB HEAT A/C SPREADERS UPPER BEATTER 651 HIGHLINE CASE 8920 LOADER T8.330 DUALS NEW 2-5740 LOADED 2-5740 6- R2800 RAKES L223 CAB HEAT A/C HIGHLINE CFR650 FEED CHOPPER CASE 1070 LOADER NEWHOLLAND H7450 DISC BINE T7.260 DUALS NEWHOLLAND H7450 DISC BI NEWHOLLAND H7150 18HS HEAD 5-650 HIGHLINE NH TV6070 NEWHOLLAND 195 MANURE OF YEARNH TD5050 A L225 CAB HEAT A/C 15-END 605N IH 576 BALERS LOADER T7.210 2-M9960 2-M9960 LOADER 5-650 HIGHLINE GRAIN TANK KUBOTA DEMO MACHINE IH 656 4-T7.200 SPREADER UPPPER BEATTER END GX FEED WAGONS CLOSEOUTS ON CARRY NH TD5050 W/CHOPPER NEWHOLLAND BR7090 WIDE NEWHOLLAND BR7090 WID HAYBUSTER 2650 $9500.00 B3200 LOADER $15000.00 2-L3600 M126X W/LOADER 2-L3600 FARMAID 2-560 MIXER RIGHT KUBOTA 5-T6.165 2- NEWHOLLAND BR7090 WIDE NH TD95D LOADER GX 8-BP9000 VERMEER GATE AND BIG TIRES USED TOOLS OVER EQUIPMENT JD 5-T6.175 4020HAY W/LOADER & CABFORD 9030 SHARP DISCHARGE VERMEER BP7000 $7500.00 2- L4701BX2360 LOADER USEDHAND TRACTORS BALE PROCESSOR USED TRACTORS BALE PROCESSOR PICKUP LACED BELT AUTO WRAP W/MOWERBX2360 W/MOWER JD4630 LOADER H8040 18HS HEAD 600HRS PRICED AT COST OR PICKUP ENDLESS BELT PICKUP ENDLESS BELT NEW SKID LOADERS HAYBUSTER 2550 $5000.00 2- M110GX LOADER JD4430 SHARP 2- NEHOLLAND 195 MANURE T7050 CVT LOADER DUALS NH T7050 CVT LOADER DUALS H8040 18HS 1100HRS NEWHOLLAND HIGHLINE 0 HIGHLINE EVEN HEAD BELOW COST! MF 285 CAB A/C 15- M126GX LOADER NEW HOLLAND NEWNH HOLLAND 2-L220 CAB HEAT A/C SPREADERS UPPER BEATTER H8040 18HS HEAD 1200HRS CASE 8920 LOADER NH TV6070 2500HRS NH TV6070 2500HRS AUTO WRAP AUTO WRAP L223 CAB HEAT A/C 15- M135GX LOADER NEWHOLLAND H7450 DISC BINE 651 HIGHLINE 651 HIGHLINE RTV CASE 1070 LOADER T8.330 DUALS T8.330 DUALS LOADED HW325 HEAD 1500HRS NEWHOLLAND 195 MANURE L225 18HS CAB HEAT A/C 0 LOADED IH 576 LOADER 6-NEW RTV 1100 COMING SOON HW325 18HS HEAD 1300HRS T7.260 DUALS IH 656 T7.260 DUALS NEWHOLLAND H7150 18HS HEAD SPREADER UPPPER BEATTER END NEWHOLLAND BR70905-650 WIDE HIGHLINE 5-650 HIGHLINE FEED WAGONS 0 NH TV6070 FARMAID NH TV6070 RTV 1140 TWO SEATERNEWHOLLAND H7150 18HS HE USED TRACTORS KUBOTA M126X W/LOADER 2-5609325i MIXER RIGHT MACDON 18’ 1400HRS USED TRACTORS BALE PROCESSOR GATE AND BIG TIRES T7.210 T7.210 OWER JD 4020 W/LOADER & CAB HAND DISCHARGE NH TV6070 LOADED $89000.00 NH TD5050 LOADER 5-650 HIGHLINE NH TD5050 LOADER 5-650 HIGHLINEUSED PICKUPBALERS ENDLESS BELT OVER 40 USED ON HAND DEMO MACHINE DEMO MACHINE NH T7050NH CVT LOADER DUALS HIGHLINE 4-T7.200 RTV1120 NICE TV145 THREE POINT PTO 4-T7.200 $64000.00 NH TD5050 AND NH TD5050 605SM VERMEER TWINE W/CHOPPER W/CHOPPER NH TV6070NH 2500HRS AUTO WRAP POLARIS RANGER 800 $8500.00 TV140 NICE $48000.00 651 HIGHLINE 5-T6.165 5-T6.165 ALS 2- NEWHOLLAND BR7090 WIDE 2- NEWHOLLAND BR7090 WID 2- 605 SM CORN STALK NH TD95D LOADER NH TD95D LOADER LOADED 8-BP9000 VERMEER 8-BP9000 NHVERMEER RUSTLER DIESEL $9000.00 NH T6050 MFD LOADER $64000.00 ALS NHBR7090 TWINE WIDE $21000.00 NEWHOLLAND 18HS HEAD 5-650 HIGHLINE 5-T6.175 5-T6.175 FORD 9030 SHARP FORD 9030H7150 SHARP NH TV6070 RTV900 $6500.00 NH TS135A MFD LOADER PICKUP LACED BELT AUTO WRAP PICKUP LACED BELT AUTO WR JD 566LOADER $6500.00 NH TD5050 LOADER 5-650 HIGHLINE JD4630 LOADER JD4630 DEMOR23 MACHINE NH TM130 LOADER LOW HOURS $56000.00 NEW SKID LOADERS NEW SKID LOADERS VERMEER $4500.00 0 NH TD5050 JD4430 SHARP VERMEER JD4430R23A SHARP W/CHOPPER HAY MOVERS 6710 FORD MFD LAODER $22000.00 2NEHOLLAND 195 MANURE 2- NEHOLLAND 195 MANUR $8500.00 5 NEWHOLLAND NEWHOLLAND 2- NEWHOLLAND BR7090 WIDE NH TD95D LOADER MF 285 CAB A/C PRIDE OF THE PRAIRIE MF 14 285 CAB A/C CASE MX110 MFD LOADER $49000.00 8-BP9000 VERMEER SITREX WHEEL $9500.00 5 FORD 9030 SHARP 2-L220 CAB HEAT A/C 2-L220 CAB HEAT A/C SPREADERS SPREADERS UPPER BEATTE 14 BALE UPPER BEATTER TYM 103 LOADER MFD $34000.00 CASE 8920 LOADER PICKUP LACED BELT AUTO WRAP CASE12 8920 LOADER SITREX WHEEL $8500.00 JD4630 LOADER L223 CAB HEAT A/C L223 CAB HEAT A/C ADERS 10 BALE KUBOTA L4430 LOADER $21000.00 SITREX 16 WHEEL $7000.00 CASE 1070 LOADER CASE 1070 LOADER JD4430 SHARP 2NEHOLLAND 195 MANURE NEWHOLLAND 195 MANURE NEWHOLLAND 195 MANUR EZ HAUL HAY TRAILER IH 966 LOADER L225 10500.00 AND 1475576 16HS 16500.00 L225 CAB CAB HEAT IHA/C 576 LOADER IH LOADER MF 285 CAB A/C HEAT A/C 6 BALE BUMPER JD 4010 $7500.00 EAT A/C H7150 18HS $23000.00 SPREADERS UPPER BEATTER CASE 8920 LOADER IH 656 UPPPER BEATTER END SPREADER UPPPER BEATTER E FEED FEED WAGONS IH 656 6SPREADER BALE GOOSE NECK CASEWAGONS 1370 NICE $9500.00 1431 DISC $15500.00 AT A/C CASE 1070 LOADER KUBOTA KUBOTA W/LOADER FARMAID 2-560 MIXER RIGHT NEWHOLLAND 195 MANURE FARMAID 2-560 MIXERM126X RIGHTW/LOADER 8 BALE GOOSE NECK 1431M126X DISC $19000.00 AT A/C IH 576 LOADER GATE AND BIG TIRES GATE AND BIG TIRES JD 4020 W/LOADER CAB HAND DISCHARGE JD&4020 & CAB HAND DISCHARGE 1475W/LOADER 2300 18’ $8000.00 LORENZ 16X33 MOVER $12000.00 IH 656 SPREADER UPPPER BEATTER END ONS SD-1687008R

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 17

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Another challenge for producers wanting to rent land is the squeeze landowners are feeling in light of higher property taxes. As agricultural land valuations have increased substantially in the last decade, so have property taxes. Whether that land is productive or not, depending on rain and the markets, those land assessments remain high.

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driver’s seat. I would like to see policy writers allow the market steer to us in the right direction instead of subsidizing one part of agriculture, which creates a false market. Why not let the markets dictate what we do? If we do that, we would be seeing more farm land convert back to grass.”

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“Property is always an easy target to raise taxes on because it’s always going to be there, whereas if there’s a sales tax or income tax, consumers might slow their spending or not make as much,” said Slovek. “I fear property taxes will get overloaded. Just because you own property, doesn’t mean it’s profitable. We had a seven-year drought from 2001-2007, and in 2008 and 2009, cattle prices plummeted, so ranchers were kind of treading water for almost a decade. However, producers still had to manage the property and pay those taxes even if they weren’t making money. If we need more revenue from taxes, it shouldn’t be just taxed on property.”

Slovek hasn’t seen any land exchange hands at auction recently as corn prices have softened, but he has seen several leases change due to bidders from ranchers coming from a greater distance away and surrounding states.

He said producers should prepare for the lows that typically follow a high market and pencil out whether the rental rates still make sense with lower cattle prices.

As for what’s beyond 2015, the 2014 SDSU Farm Real Estate Market Survey says, “Longer-term trends in land values, cash rental rates, and cash rates of return are closely related to key economic factors including economies of size, net farm income, agricultural productivity and land as an investment.”

In other words, “It depends.”

18 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

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IT’S ALL IN THE TIMING

Hay harvest depends on several factors

By Heather Smith Thomas

W

hat a difference a day makes. When it comes to haying, even a day can change the quality and quantity of the hay, whether it’s grass, alfalfa or a mix.

20 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

G

lenn Shewmaker, state forage specialist, University of Idaho, says it’s important to know what the hay is intended for when deciding at what stage to harvest. For some classes of animals mature hay is fine, whereas for animals with high nutrient requirements, like mares and foals, dairy cows, weaned calves or cows with calves at side, early-cut immature plants that are higher in protein are best. The lowest quality hay (overly mature or weather damaged) can generally be used only by non-lactating beef cattle.

Kevin Sedivec, North Dakota State University, says harvest strategy is different for grass hay than for straight alfalfa, or a mixed grass and alfalfa.

GRASS HAY

Photo by Heather Smith Thomas

Photo by Heather Smith Thomas

The best time to cut hay for both quality and quantity is just after the boot stage, just before the plant heads out, Sedivec says. “We did some research on cutting grasses, looking at timing. We cut a different piece every two weeks. When you get to the heading stage (just after the boot stage) versus the seed-set stage, you have about 90 to 95 percent of the potential growth of that plant. Quality is still fairly high. The protein level at that stage is about 9 to 10 percent, depending on type of grass, and this is about the quality you’d need for a lactating beef cow.”

In southern South Dakota this is often around June 20. The farther north, the later this occurs, usually around June 27 in North Dakota.

Sedivec says it many producers wait until after the Fourth of July to cut their grass hay.

“Weather is probably a reason people wait until early July, because on the northern plains it is usually warmer by then, with a little more breeze, and lower risk for rain on cut hay.”

By waiting until then, the quantity might increase by about 5 percent, but quality drops from 9 or 10 percent protein level down to about 6 or 7 percent, which is good only for a dry cow. “I tell producers that if they can cut their grass hay before July 1, they’ll have a much better quality and won’t give up much production,” he says.

The best time to cut for quality is even earlier, during the boot stage, but you end up sacrificing about 30 percent of growth. It’s better to compromise a little quality to get more tonnage, waiting until just before it heads, and still get regrowth.

Cutting when there may still be some moisture in the ground, and before the July heat hits can give the grasses a boost in their regrowth as well. “Once the plant starts to produce seed, it puts all its energy into seed production instead of leaf production. It won’t regrow much at all,” Sedivec says.

If the grasses aren’t heading yet, they will regrow leaf tissue because the plant is still trying to grow and produce seed.

The time of day of cutting can also affect the quality of grass hay, especially sugar content.

“If you cut it in the evening the sugar will be higher than if you cut it in the morning. It’s not a big change, but there is a change, based on research done in Kansas and Nebraska,” Sedivec says.

Shewmaker explains that plants accumulate sugars and starches during the day, through photosynthesis, then use up these nutrients at night as they grow.

Humidity is also a consideration when choosing a time of day to cut, and cutting later in the day can help ensure the grass is dry enough to put up.

ALFALFA HAY

Knowing whether the hay will be fed to dairy cattle, beef cattle or horses can help determine when it’s best to harvest alfalfa.

For dairy cattle the alfalfa should be cut in the bud stage, well ahead of any blooms. The relative feed value will be in the range of 175 to 190 at that stage. “You give up biomass for that first cutting when you cut it early, but if you cut it in the bud stage you almost always gain an extra cutting later in the season—unless the weather gets too dry and you run short on water,” Sedivec says.

Tools like hay prediction sticks, which measure stem length and have a scale for bud and open flower stages to give an index for

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 21

“When it is more mature, any class of livestock (horses, cattle, sheep) will do more sorting; they’ll try to eat just the leaves and sort out the stems.”

- Kevin Sedivec, NDSU

estimating acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and relative feed value can be helpful, but Shewmaker says most hay producers gauge harvest time by relative maturity.

Cutting at first bloom not only retains a higher RFV, it also cuts down on the leaf shatter and you end up with a less stemmy hay, at a cost of only about 10 percent biomass.

While popular opinion says to cut alfalfa for beef cattle when it’s about 10 percent bloomed, Sedivec says that doesn’t leave enough time to get it all cut before some of it is too mature. “If you see a field 10 percent bloomed, it can be at 20 percent by the next day. When I see one bloom, it’s time to cut that field. You give up a little quality, for beef cattle, once it starts to bloom, but relative feed value will still be in the upper 140 to 150 range.”

“When it is more mature, any class of livestock (horses, cattle, sheep) will do more sorting; they’ll try to eat just the leaves and sort out the stems,” Sedivec says.

“When hay is at that stage of maturity you really have to watch timing of baling, to make sure it’s not too dry. You need enough humidity to keep the leaves on, but not so much moisture the hay will mold,” he says. This gets tricky and you may have to bale in the

22 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

evening just as dew comes on, and quit when dew gets heavy.

“Good hay producers have a feel for this.

They can tell, just by the baler, if the hay starts to get a little ‘tough’ which means it has too much moisture,” says Sedivec.

Shewmaker says many producers rely on experience and the feel of the stems to determine when to bale, but he recommends a moisture meter.

Most moisture meters are designed to test the moisture in compressed forage, like bales, and don’t work as well in a windrow. However, Shewmaker says one of his colleagues has

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developed a tool made of PVC pipe to compress a forage sample from a windrow.

“You can use this probe to measure moisture before you even pull the baler into the field. You can also go by feel, scratching the cuticle on the stems, or using various twisting and snap tests to check stem dryness,” says Shewmaker.

GRASS/ALFALFA MIX

Sedivec recommends cutting mixed hay based on maturity of the alfalfa, not the grass.

“When you start to see alfalfa bloom, it should be cut, even though the grass won’t be quite ready. Alfalfa usually matures more quickly, starting to bloom even before grass is in the boot stage. So you give up some biomass on the grass. If you wait until you see that first bloom in the alfalfa you are giving up about 20 percent of the potential biomass for the grass, but still have a high-quality feed that works well for almost any class of livestock.

This kind of hay works great for horses,” Sedivec says.

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Grass is very high quality when cut at that stage because it doesn’t have seeds yet. “The alfalfa is a little bit into the bloom but its nice feed mix, and high enough in protein for any livestock except dairy cows,” he says.

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24 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015 Controlled Intake!!

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WINDROW SAMPLING TOOL This simple tool is used to compact hay from a windrow to give an accurate reading with a moisture meter.

planted in the 1980s,” he says. This eliminates the cost of reseeding.

He emphasizes that meadow brome should not be confused with smooth brome, which doesn’t regrow, and tends to be invasive.

In some places, like South Dakota and Minnesota, orchard grass is another good option to grow with alfalfa, but on the northern prairie in North Dakota they have had a problem with it being invasive.

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26 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 27

PINK or Purple Some cattle and sheep producers are opting for sainfoin over alfalfa

By Nicole Michaels

Sainfoin’s distinct pink flower makes it an attractive crop at the base of Heart Mountain near Cody. Photo by Brian Duyck, Beartooth Seed.

A

little pink flower is making a name for itself in the basin farm ground of northern Wyoming.

Like alfalfa, sanfoin, a rose-hued legume packs a lot of protein, but it does it without the bloat. Livestock producers love that.

28 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

Just ask Sandy Snider, who has been ranching sheep for fifty years.

Snider planted her first sainfoin field in 2007. She hasn’t looked back.

“For grazing, I got into sainfoin, and 90 percent of that is the nonbloat issue,” Snider says. “You can put ‘em out on it in spring or fall or whenever, even when it’s green, green, green without worrying about anybody bloating.”

Sandy Snider’s sheep grazing sainfoin legume in the field can eat all day without any danger of bloat. Photo by Brian Duyck, Beartooth Seed.

Snider now has 94 acres in sainfoin, most of which are under a pivot. She grows seed for a neighbor who sells to seed companies, and also hays it and pastures her animals.

Snider keeps 70 meaty type dorsett and hamp ewes. She’s lambing right now and the sheep came in fat and milky as usual. She’s seen her lamb crop bloom since she went to sainfoin.

“When we flush on that we get lots of triplets,” she says. “Everybody breeds good as far as twins. We get at least a 200 percent crop.”

Snider’s experience should be typical.

Sainfoin is highly palatable with good feed value. Tannins in the plant act as a natural anthelmintic, which rids the animal of parasites.

The tannins also improve protein absorption.

Mature stock keeps well and young stock may finish faster with good carcass grades.

As a crop, sainfoin’s deep taproot makes it drought resistant. It is cold-hardy and has rapid spring growth, coming in two weeks earlier than alfalfa. It grows a little taller and it doesn’t need added nitrogen or much phosphate. It prefers soils that are neutral to

Sainfoin • Onobrychis viciifolia • Introduced from western Europe, but not invasive or weedy.

• Typically grows best where it receives at least 14 inches of precipitation per year.

• A large, deep tap root makes it fairly drought tolerant.

• Needs well-drained soil, or may succumb to root or crown rot diseases.

• Should be allowed to establish itself for two to three seasons before harvest or grazing.

• Establishment costs can be high because of large seed, high seeding rate and high seed prices.

• Well suited to haying because of its upright growth habit.

• Regrowth is poor, and it should be cut once per season at the half- to full-bloom stage.

• Long-term dry matter yields range from 20 to 30 percent less than alfalfa.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 29

slightly alkaline, so it’s a good fit for Wyoming ground.

Seed producer Brian Duyck is the neighbor Snider raises seed for, and as operator of Beartooth Seed he grows, cleans, and sells seed to wholesale companies. Duyck has come to prefer sainfoin over alfalfa for his business.

“The relative seed value of sainfoin is higher than alfalfa and I’ve had really good luck growing it,” Duyck says. “It’s been more drought resistant. Animals love it – cows , sheep, deer, bees. The bees love it so much I’m having a hard time getting them to pollinate my other crops.”

Duyck agrees with claims that say sainfoin comes up fast and isn’t vulnerable to alfalfa weevil. He has seen that it doesn’t like competition or boggy ground. Alfalfa will still outperform sainfoin in a field that is intensively irrigated, he says, and the market is strong for the traditional purple-flowering legume that is better understood and raised and sold widely.

A deer checks out a sainfoin field in northern Wyoming where producers are growing seed, haying, and grazing the pink-flowered legume. Photo by Brian Duyck, Beartooth Seed.

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“People know alfalfa, but the sainfoin market seems to keep growing,” Duyck says.

In the 1930s, with the advent of cheap nitrogen and new strains of highly productive grasses, the use of legumes like sainfoin and alfalfa declined in western countries. Pressure to farm in more sustainable ways today is renewing interest in sainfoin as a low-input and organic crop.

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Once established, sainfoin competes well with weeds. Its stems may appear coarse but are actually soft and attractive to livestock.

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Cattleman Tom Bales of Cody, Wyoming knows he can feed it and just walk away.

“It’s non bloat,” Bales says. “I can wean calves on it and don’t have to worry about it.”

Bales keeps 150 calves on the South Fork.

He mixes sainfoin with grass, and still gets the benefits.

When fed as hay, 10 to 15 percent sainfoin is sufficient to prevent bloat from alfalfa legume in most ruminant animals, many research studies suggest. The minimum threshold for sainfoin planted with alfalfa for grazing appears to be somewhat higher, around 20 percent.

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For Complete Blattner Livestock Equipment - Contact Brad Bechen 605.481.1900 or www.blattnerlivestock.com FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 33

Using Ryegrass for High Quality Feed

By Heather Smith Thomas Photos courtesy Andy Schuepbach

A

ndy Schuepbach, a registered Hereford breeder in southern Alberta, has been using two varieties of ryegrass to provide fall and winter feed for his cattle. The high protein content eliminates the need for any other protein source.

“In 2002 we started irrigation. We grow barley for silage, and I have a neighbor who seeds it for me. As soon as he is done, we seed

a mixture of Italian ryegrass and annual ryegrass. These are a similar, but grow differently. The Italian ryegrass is mostly leaves. The annual ryegrass grows a lot taller, and gets 6 to 12 inches higher than the barley,” he says.

It adds more tonnage to the silage, and then the plants regrow for fall grazing or hay.

By contrast the Italian ryegrass is shorter than the barley. The leaves add a lot of nutrition to the mix. “It has phenomenal feed value, but when we just planted straight

Italian ryegrass and tried to bale it, it was a nightmare. There was no structure to it, being just leaves. You could turn the swath and fluff it up, but if you didn’t get it baled that same day—if it wasn’t quite dry—by the next morning it was flat again,” Schuepbach says.

The annual ryegrass has more structure and dries better. “The last few years we have seeded it half and half and this works better.

We are not using the Italian ryegrass anymore

Italian ryegrass is a high protein option for standing fall and winter feed. Scheupback says allowing the cows to harvest the feed is a time and money saver, and the grass is well-suited for the arrangement.

34 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

The first job of Italian ryegrass is in combination with annual ryegrass and barley for silage. After that some of it is put up as hay, and the rest is grazed.

for baling, except a little bit just for the calves,” says Schuepbach.

The Italian ryegrass has fine leaves and is palatable so calves do well on it. “We calve in February and March, and always struggle with ulcers in the calves. So we bale some of the Italian ryegrass just for those young calves. We have windbreaks and open-face sheds that have bars across them halfway back so the calves can get into the back part but the cows cannot. This is where we set up a round bale with panels around it. The calves can eat the bale through the panel bars,” he says.

This gives the calves some palatable hay with high nutritional value, and they are less likely to develop ulcers from eating coarse feed.

“Because it has less carbohydrates (to form structure), it is lower in fiber and higher in energy. The negative to this is that it is also higher in water, and a more washy feed if cattle eat it green,” said Keven Sedivec, North Dakota State University Extension.

For the last six years Scheupbach has been grazing most of the ryegrass with cows instead of baling it. “It’s too rich to graze while it’s still green, so we graze it in December and January when it’s been frozen and is drier.

Even then, it is too good a feed for the cows,

but it beats having to go out and feed them that time of year. They can harvest it themselves.

Cows do really well on it, but there’s the odd cow now and then that will scour on it a little, even in December and January when it’s frozen down and has lost some of its protein value,” Schuepbach says.

He tested the feed value several years ago, during the last year that he tried to cut and bale it. “We had a 200-acre pivot and got half of it baled; the other half we couldn’t get dry enough to bale. We turned those swaths seven times; we fluffed them up in the morning and by late afternoon we could make a few bales, hoping it would be dry enough. Finally we decided to let the cows graze the rest of it in the swath,” he says.

“It was cut on October 6 and we started to graze those swaths December 6. We just ran a poly wire through the pivot and moved it ahead 300 feet every 36 hours. That provided enough feed for the 360 bred females we had at that time, and lasted more than a month.

On the 10th of January I let them into the last little pie-shaped piece and took samples to send for analyzing. By that time it was three months after cutting it,” Schuepbach says.

“What puzzled us was that the cows rolled those swaths out of the way and preferred to graze the 5 to 6 inches of regrowth underneath. They only ate the swathed hay after they nipped the regrowth nearly down to the roots. We had to force them to eat the swath before we moved them to the next part,” he says.

“When we took samples, the regrowth was 13.2 percent protein and had 193 relative feed value index. The dairy industry is interested in hay when it hits 150 or higher, so this grass at 193 was nearly straight sugar! That’s why the cows wanted to eat it first. The remains of the swath had a relative feed value of only 109 but the protein content of the swath, three months after cutting and being weathered was 26.3 percent protein! We have never tested anything that high. We’ve had some alfalfa that tested 22 percent protein but this was even higher,” he says.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 35

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Because of the difficulty drying the Italian ryegrass hay, and the fine texture of it, Schuepbach puts up just a little of it for his calves. The rest he leaves for fall and winter grazing.

Sedivec says ryegrass in general is not as palatable as some other annual grasses, like forage barley or forage oats, but agrees it is a high quality feed and easy to establish.

“Italian ryegrass is fairly cheap to establish and provides a lot of biomass. It’s not used much in North Dakota (a little more in South Dakota) but it is higher in quality than most feeds. If you harvest it at the same stage as barley and oats, the Italian ryegrass is 14 to 16 percent protein whereas the oats would be about 12 to 14 percent and the barley 11 to 13 percent. ”

Sedivec estimates it costs three times as much to seed forage barley as Italian rye, but the seed isn’t the only cost consideration.

The inexpensive seed is definitely an attraction for Schuepbach. “The most I ever paid for it was about $1.80 a pound and the lowest about 75 cents a pound. The main cost in growing ryegrass is fertilizer. Depending on how good a stand we have after we take the silage crop off the field (the barley and first growth of ryegrass) we put on somewhere between 150 to 200 pounds of fertilizer per acre. That adds a bit of cost. But if you don’t

38 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

fertilize it to get the regrowth, it doesn’t do very well at all.”

The extra five to six weeks of high-quality fall grazing makes it worthwhile for Schuepbach.

The only drawback is that it adds birthweight, and makes some of the calves too big.

The fetus is growing the most during the last part of gestation so when the cows are on feed this rich and high in protein during this time, they end up with bigger calves. “If a person were calving in April, several months after being on this feed, it probably wouldn’t make

The only drawback of grazing Italian ryegrass in late fall and winter, in Andy Schuepbach’s opinion, is that the high protein, high RFV forage can contribute to higher birthweights for his February-calving cows.

a difference. But for us, starting to calve the first of February (after grazing the ryegrass during December and January), it really puts more weight on those calves before they are born,” he says.

calving season) the more normal the birthweights. The ones that calve a little late are not affected as much as the early-calving cows that were grazing it right up until the time they calve,” he says

“It isn’t consistent; it doesn’t seem to affect all the cows the same. But the farther away we get from grazing the ryegrass (later in the

Schuepbach has been using the Italian ryegrass for about 12 years and feels this crop is well worth it. “Our area is very sandy. Many

people wonder why we don’t grow corn because it gives more yield for silage, but I would worry about our sandy soil blowing away if we tilled it for corn. The Italian ryegrass has such an extensive root system that it holds the soil. It has a root mass like quack grass. Often we have to double disk it in the spring to get through all those roots,” Schuepbach says.

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“The richer, heavier soil you have, the better it does. It really likes manure, and in soils with lots of organic matter it does better than in our sandy soil.” A person wouldn’t need much fertilizer on ground where cattle have grazed extensively, leaving a lot of manure and litter.

“Some of the ranchers are using Italian ryegrass in areas east of us, a region we call feedlot alley—where people spread the manure on their cropland. A lot of guys grow it there because it does so well in those situations,” he says.

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As with any crop, the yield depends on the weather. In hot, dry summers it produces a small, thin leaf. Once the barley is taken off and it’s fertilized and irrigated, though, the Italian ryegrass takes off.

“In the cooler summers we’ve had lately, it makes a wider leaf and has a head start when we take the silage off,” Schuepbach said.

“Within six to seven weeks after you take off the barley silage, you could probably cut one and a half tons of hay. Our season is a little shorter, but our friend east of us used to seed in late April and early May. His silage came off in early July, so he could make a cutting of hay in August, let it regrow, and it would get another foot high for grazing in the fall.”

“If someone wants a crop that’s cheap to put in, highly productive and high quality, the ryegrass would be a good choice, but the drawback is getting it put up if they want to cut it for hay. I see more ryegrass put in for late season grazing than for hay production.

You can put it into a cover crop mix and it will regrow and be green into the fall. It’s probably the fastest re-growing, of all the cereal crops,” Sedivec says.

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It’s a WRAP Tradition is making way for innovation as net wrap nudges aside twine

By Ruth Nicolaus

T

he bright orange twine that used to be strung across nearly every cow lot, feed yard, and bale yard isn’t as prevalent as it used to be.

Plastic twine for large round bales has been replaced, for the most part, with net wrap.

Net wrap offers better protection for bales, allowing less moisture in and keeping the bale tightly wrapped. It also makes bales easier to

move and less likely to fall apart when being moved.

In the last five years or so, the bales that Mike Danehey has bought to feed his cattle at Great Plains Cattle Co. in Hastings, Nebraska and Danehey Cattle in Red Cloud, Nebraska have been covered with net wrap.

When producers started baling corn stalks, net wrap’s use increased. “It makes a tighter,

42 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

neater wrap for the bale,” Danehey says. Stalks require the net wrap more than grass would.

“The stalks are so spongy, they are compressed (in the baler) and when they come out, they want to expand. The net wrap holds them better than twine. That’s about when net wrap took off, when guys started baling corn stalks.”

Most producers put on a minimum of two wraps. If they’re cutting corners, they may put

on one, but it may not hold. “If they do just the one wrap, the bales can come apart on you when you move them,” Danehey said. “On the corn stalks, some of the guys will try to cheapen up their baling by putting one wrap or a wrap and a half, and those bales will fall apart.”

For Tom Schmidt, who operates a custom baling business near Blue Hill, Nebraska, net wrapping his big round bales is the only way

to go. It costs more but it’s worth it. “I can’t tell you what twine costs. I don’t even price it,” he said. “It’s cheaper per bale to use, but in the long run, for us it was better to use the net wrap.” Another advantage is speed. “You can wrap a bale in twenty seconds with net wrap, and it will take you over a minute with twine.

If you’re making a couple hundred bales a day, that’ll make a difference.”

Richard Roth, a retired dairy farmer in Seward Co., Neb., whose sons have taken over the family farm and dairy operation and also custom bale, agrees. He figures net wrap is at least four or five dollars a bale more, but it’s worth it. “There’s no comparison between net wrap and twine. It keeps the bales in better condition.”

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 43

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Roth’s sons, Kyle and Kraig, use only net wrap. “We wouldn’t think (of not using it).

It would be like front assist tractors. We wouldn’t buy a tractor without front assist.”

His sons bale commercially, everything from straw and alfalfa to brome grass and corn stalks, and they feed a lot of it in their 100 head dairy, RK&K Dairy, located southwest of Seward.

Roth, who is 77 and still helps his sons daily, remembers the early days of balers when a person had to tie the knots. At age thirteen, he helped his uncles bale, seated on the platform and tying knots in each bale. His uncle threaded the wires that tied the bale through a “needle” while Roth and his cousin took turns tying the knots. “It was a terrible dirty job,” he remembers.

As the technology for securing bales has changed, so have the balers. The average baler price depends on options purchased for it, but is around $50,000, says Ron Janda, salesman at Oregon Trail Equipment in Fairfield, Nebraska. Balers come standard with the capability to net wrap, and he estimates that about ninety percent of buyers include the option for twine. “It’s not a lot of extra money (to buy the option), and it helps them resell the baler,” Janda said. The cost of both the net wrap and twine option is about $1,200. The average baler can last for more than 20,000 bales.

“If they’ve been kept up and reconditioned, they’ll keep going.”

John Deere now makes a baler that is automated. When the bale gets to a predetermined diameter, the tractor automatically stops and the bale is wrapped and ejected. “All you have

to do is start the tractor forward again,” Janda said. The reasoning behind the automation is, according to Janda, that “you don’t have to pay so much attention to the monitor. They’ve proven that after six or eight hours of baling, you get tired and your bales will be different sizes.” Uniform sized bales are more desirable for truck hauling. Of Oregon Trail Equipment’s baler sales, about ten to twenty percent are the automated balers. The automated balers require a newer tractor as well. The baler and tractor are connected via computer, and the older tractors aren’t able to communicate with the baler.

Whatever options the producer and baler decide in baling or feeding bales, quality of feed is the goal. “It’s about keeping the bales together and the quality of the bales,” Danehey said.

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Putting in

PULSES

Still No ‘Magic Beans,’ But New Research Shows Economic, Environmental Benefits

By Laura Nelson

50 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

Photo by Northern Pulse Growers Association

H

e didn’t set out to make a career of studying pulse crops.

published in the Feb. 20 Agronomy Journal, noted.

“I work with pulse crops because they help wheat,” Perry Miller, PhD, said. “If you’re going to do well in the wheat game, you have to learn to cut costs or add value, and I think pulses do both of those things.”

The study compared varying wheat-only and wheat-pea rotation systems over the course of four years of production in southwest Montana. It focused on three wheat systems – tilled fallow/wheat; no-till fallow/ wheat; and no-till continuous wheat – and three wheat-pea systems – pea/wheat; pea brown manure/wheat; and pea-forage/wheat – and measured crop yield and quality and overall net returns. Returns were calculated taking into account 12-year protein premium/discounts averages from 42 grain elevators across Montana.

New research led by Miller, a Montana State University cropping systems researcher, has shown that a no-till, pea-wheat rotation system protected wheat yield and protein levels under varying nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels, and came out ahead of other rotation and monoculture systems in net returns over the course of the four year study.

“These results not only have important economic impacts, but also energetic and environmental implications for potentially lowering N use in pea-inclusive systems,” the study,

“The pea-wheat system provided the greatest average four year economic returns from 2009 to 2012 across all N fertilizer and protein discount/premium scenarios, despite unremarkable pea grain yields,” the study concluded.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 51

While the pea-forage/wheat and pea brown manure/wheat systems did earn additional net returns, they still showed equivalent net returns to fallow.

“The most remarkable aspect of the comparison among these 4-year returns is the apparent reduction in returns’ uncertainty in the pea-wheat systems compared with wheat monoculture systems.

“The major message here is that it just creates some resilience – it’s a natural risk management,” Miller said.

That’s not just in near-sighted economic terms, either.

“When you build up that soil nitrogen pool, you change the way that soil provides

nitrogen to the wheat,” Miller explained. “The nitrogen is sort of auto-tuned to the system.”

When it rains, nitrogen is released from the nitrogen pool; in drought conditions, it conserves it.

“It takes a lot time to change soil quality – you have to have that long term goal in mind,” Miller said. “But the cool thing is that you can make money growing these things in the meantime.”

WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE ON THE FARM

Chad Doheny’s family operation started incorporating pulse crops into their wheat

and barley rotations 16 years ago. Based near Dutton, Montana, on the western edge of the state’s “Golden Triangle,” they started small, experimenting with different crops and rotations and application. This year, they have about 1,700 acres of chickpeas, green peas and lentils planted and continue to tweak the system and learn each year in the process.

“I don’t know if we’re there yet. I couldn’t go out there and tell you this ground is healthier now than it was 16 years ago,” Doheny said.

“But what I do know is, I’m keeping my ground cleaner than I used to with less chemicals, and I’m getting more cropping done in that time.”

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Typically, they follow a winter wheat crop with a pulse, followed by a spring barley crop, then a year of rest.

“So now I have three years of roots – and pea roots are different from wheat roots – and by keeping it planted, you’re bringing in more bugs, better bugs,” Doheny said. “They’re breaking that down, bringing it back into the earth. I’m always amazed when I crop it three years in a row and I have less residue on top of the ground to fight with than a fallow wheat rotation.”

He figures he harvests only 8 percent less barley on the pulse-rotation re-crop compared to fallow, which is made up for in the

Are you not as

cash crop of the pulse and the reduction in chemical application.

To the east, Kim Murray started experimenting with pulse crops around the same time as Doheny.

“Back 15, 20 years ago, the majority of this entire area was wheat fallow,” the Froid, Montana, farmer and rancher said. “We left half our farm to fallow all summer. Things were getting more expensive all the time, and we were looking for something to cut back on fallow. I was willing to just put something in the ground to break even, and it turns out, this was quite profitable.”

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 53

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Now, Murray serves as the chair of the Montana Pulse Crop Advisory Committee, which oversees and allocates check-off funds.

In the time in between, he’s tried a wide variety of pulses and rotations – he started with chickpeas, but ran into Ascochyta Blight disease after the third year. Then they switched to yellow peas, added lentils and most recently switched to green peas. Now it’s a pea/wheat/ lentil/wheat/pea rotation, with no fallow.

“I never thought I’d see the yields we’re getting on ground that hasn’t been fallowed in a dozen years,” Murray said. Higher yields can also be attributed to heartier seed varieties, he said, “But part of it is we’re just doing a better job. The overall health of our soil has improved.”

For him, that came with a noted slight increase in protein content in harvested wheat and a reduction in nitrogen application.

Miller’s research points to even a slight 1 to 1.5 unit bump in protein content – which the wheat/pea system saw over wheat monocultures – could make a big economic difference in a steep quality discount year.

“That could be $1.50 a bushel,” Miller said, “So in a steep discount year especially, that matters a lot.”

For Murray, the differences appeared at the next planting season.

“After you get that first crop of peas in, your ground starts to get a little more mellow.

There isn’t much residue, and after harvest, there isn’t much out there,” Murray said. “It makes it easy to get in and seed. If you follow peas with wheat, it’s some of the first ground you’re able to get in on.”

Understanding those changes is like analyzing an iceberg, he explained.

54 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

“The crop you see on top is just a little bit.

What’s underneath is what matters.”

That means less erosion, more earth worms and plenty of root decay.

“I’m not a scientist, I’m just an average farmer Joe,” Murray said. “But this I can figure out: for all those years of fallowing, we had four, five, six inches of hardpan. Over the years with no till, and introducing these new root systems and keeping them in there, we’ve finally gotten through that.”

“So having something growing on that ground every year has been a good thing for more than one reason,” Murray said. “It’s worked out, it’s been profitable, and we’re taking better care of our soils.

KEEP IN MIND TIME, EQUIPMENT & INSURANCE One factor not included in the net returns calculations of Miller’s research was an expense of time and labor for planting, growing and harvesting an additional crop. But Murray and Doheny agreed that wasn’t a large concern in their operations.

“We’re busier now than we’ve ever been,” Murray said, “But you get them in early, then get them harvested before you cut your spring wheat. There’s usually not a lot of pressure to get them done, and we just roll right into spring wheat harvest, and our equipment is already up and running.”

However, there are plenty of lessons they’ve learned and considerations to make when incorporating a new crop into a rotation.

“We’ve used low cost, dicot herbicides for years in the (Golden) Triangle especially, and they are very effective against a broad

perspective and they do leave residual in the soil,” Miller said. “So there are a significant number of acres in the state that will have to go several years before it’s safe to grow dicot crops.”

Murray said lentil harvest would go much more smoothly with a flex header; peas are much easier to harvest without additional equipment if you’re already set up for wheat harvest.

Before considering adding pulses into the rotation, check with your crop insurance agent, too, and watch for earlier enrollment deadlines than the typical wheat/barley rotation. Insurance companies are watching out for disease potential, and Murray said alternating the types of pulses planted each year will help alleviate those concerns.

“When you’re harvesting these crops, you have to think a little differently than when you’re handling wheat,” Murray said. That can be done with wheat equipment with minor adjustments, he said – hopper bins are preferable to traditional bins, a conveyer is gentler than an auger. Making bin space for seeding the full acreage

“You have to pay attention to those rotations, so you know your disease problems and you know your crop insurance,” Murray said.

Treat it like any other crop and not a “magic bean,” Doheny said, and the extra work will pay off in spades. Check all the steps off the list – use good seed, inoculate, fertilize, spray, etc. – “Just like anything else, there are no shortcuts here,” Doheny said. “Don’t use any shortcuts, and this can be a cash crop; it can be the crop that gives you the advantage that year.”

Another precaution comes at planting for lentils. Doheny said they’ve found it necessary to go over it with a heavy roller to push the rocks into the ground – “You can’t get it out of the furrow if you don’t roll it,” he said.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 55

Getting a

PULSE

on specialty markets With more room to grow, Montana’s pulse markets remain strong

By Laura Nelson

56 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

Photo by Northern Pulse Growers Association

I

f you’ve been waiting for the 2016 International Year of the Pulses to celebrate the role beans, peas and lentils in progressive crop rotations, go ahead and bust out the party hat now.

“In the short term, prices continue to look good, and I think if you can take advantage of those prices, you can increase your net revenues,” said Montana State University agriculture economist Anton Bekkerman.

USDA forecast models project lentils to hold around $20/cwt for the next two to three years, and peas to remain around $12-13/cwt.

And while those prices aren’t as high as pulse markets were at the peak a couple years ago, Bekkerman said, “those are still pretty good prices farmers can take advantage of right now.”

Not to step on the Food and Agriculture Organization’s 2015 International Year of Soils or anything – pulse producers are celebrating

that, too. Down the road, these specialty crops pay off in the soil. Most are planted in a grain crop rotation in place of a summer fallow. Research indicates the ability for a pulse crop rotation to boost protein content in the following wheat crops and naturally balance some nitrogen needs in the soil.

“In the long run, there are certainly agroeconomic benefits in it. Research shows you can increase organic matter by using these more intensive rotations.”

Montana is the number one producer of the nation’s pulse crops – beans, peas and lentils – and the opportunities remain wide open, state economists and agriculture leaders say.

“The market continues to do well, and it’s creating incentives to switch,” Bekkerman said.

Montana Department of Agriculture’s Kim Falcon said the current rate of expansion in the pulse crops markets isn’t likely to slow

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 57

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“We’re pretty happy with the opportunities both in the fields and in the marketplace when it comes to pulses,” Falcon said. The department’s Agricultural Development and Marketing bureau chief pointed to India, the Philippines and Indonesia as some of Montana’s largest pulse crop markets.

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“Many years ago, Montana was able to secure a lot of foreign buyers for their wheat around the world, and so today, around 80 percent of our wheat crop is now shipped out of the country,” Falcon said. “So we know the financial impact of bringing in dollars from outside the state and outside the country can have on building our rural economies.”

Just five years ago, Falcon said, pulse crops created about a $70,000 industry for Montana. This year, it will be a $1.2 million industry.

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“It’s moved very quickly through the last five years,” Falcon said. “And I think all we have right now are opportunities – the markets are there for pulses, and I think Montana has a lot of opportunities to expand or welcome new processors into the state.”

In production terms, Bekkerman noted the triple-figure percentage growths in specific pulse categories over the past 15 years. Peas nearly didn’t exist in the state in 2000 – maybe 25 million pounds then, he said – to a projected harvest for 2015 at 900 million pounds.

Similarly, there were about 10 million pounds of lentils grown in the state in 2000, up to 400 million pounds harvested in 2010, and now a projected 200 million pounds will be harvested in 2015.

While there is growing domestic demand for these products, Bekkerman also pointed to international markets with the most opportunity, including the US Food Aid program for developing and underdeveloped countries.

“As populations grow – and those countries are expected to have the biggest population growths in the next 50 years – and we see continued political strife, warfare, hunger, poverty issues – that demands an increase in

food production,” Bekkerman said. “These crops are a staple in their diets.”

While India is on import list for international pulse crops, it’s also the world’s largest producer, growing about a quarter of the international supply of pulse crops. Canada is the next largest producer at 10 percent, and the U.S. produces about 4 percent of the international supply, Bekkerman said.

“I’d say the United States is an emerging player in the global market,” he said.

It’s still a small market, comparatively speaking – in 2012, dried peas accounted for 1.7 percent of the state’s cash receipts in agriculture commodities; lentils accounted for 1.0 percent of the state’s agricultural receipts.

When that’s stacked against wheat at 36.8 percent and cattle and calves at 34.2 percent, and the pulse crops are barely a drop in the bucket.

However, Bekkerman pointed out, the pulse markets still have room to grow, particularly when layered in with those two leading commodities in the state.

“In terms of land availability, there are plenty of farmers, particularly along the highline, who are still in a fallow system and have not switched over,” Bekkerman said. “So there are certainly opportunities to produce these crops.”

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 59

Getting to the

ROOT

Subsurface drip irrigation brings efficiency to the field

By Rhonda Sedgwick Stearns

W

ater consumption across the globe has tripled in the last 50 years. Available freshwater supplies dwindle as increasing sprawl, population and inefficient resource usage increase demand. Nearly every region of the country has experienced water shortages in the past five years, even under non-drought conditions.

The continual draining of the Ogallala Aquifer is of serious concern in America's breadbasket, and few irrigation practices are water-efficient.

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is the exception.

This technology nurtures plant roots through permanently buried polyethylene tubes containing embedded emitters located at regular spacings. A wide variety of configurations and equipment can be used, however drip tubes are typically located 30 to 84 inches apart, and 8 to 14 inches below the soil surface, releasing water at root level. In the United States, SDI is most widely used for the irrigation of annual row and field crops, but it can be used for any crop.

60 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 61

Although just gaining popularity in this region, SDI is not a new technology. A conference presentation by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) says the first experiments with drip irrigation began in the 1860s in Germany, where short clay pipes with open joints were used to provide both irrigation and drainage. The earliest SDI research in the United States that did not use subirrigation techniques was conducted at Colorado State University in 1913 who concluded that it was economically impractical. In spite of his conclusions, since the early 1960s SDI has been a steadily increasing component of modern agricultural irrigation.

University of Arizona research reports SDI provides the ultimate in water use efficiency for open-field agriculture, along with larger, higher quality harvests as compared to other irrigation methods. Because there is less soil disturbance with SDI, conservation tillage can be practiced. The ability to apply small, frequent irrigations allows multiple harvests of specialty crops. The potential for nitrate leaching can be minimized, if not eliminated, with SDI, while maintaining optimum yields; all giving SDI great potential to increase water use efficiency.

Two manifold pipes and one supply pipe in the ditch. The two smaller pipes carry the water to 2 individual zones, the larger pipe carries the water to additional valves in the field with then divides the water to each respective zone. Photo courtesy Eco-Drip.

62 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

Many other reputable sources, including producers themselves, say SDI water usage is only 25-75 percent of flood irrigation and they see 10-30 percent savings over pivot irrigation. Naturally, sizable energy savings also result, plus many producers -- especially those converting from circle irrigation – are ecstatic about acreage gained.

Among SDI's other advantages is a dry soil surface for improved weed control and crop health, the ability to apply water and nutrients to the most active part of the root zone, protection of drip lines from damage due to

cultivation and other operations, and the ability to safely irrigate with wastewater while preventing human contact. SDI allows irrigation to nurture forage fields even during harvest, whereas other types of irrigation must cease, sometimes as long as a week during each harvest – adding up to nearly a month during the crucial growing season. The best SDI systems are fully automated, run by the flip of a computer switch, which almost eliminates labor costs once everything is up and running. No wonder USDA Farm and Ranch Irrigation Surveys confirm the use of SDI in the United States increased by 59 percent from 2003 to 2008, going from 163,000 to 260,000 ha.

Dr. Freddie Lamm, engineer at Kansas State University Research Center in Colby, has conducted irrigated water management and irrigation systems research there for nearly 36 years.

A considerable portion of his time since 1989 has been devoted to development and adaptation of SDI for use in the U.S. Great Plains. He tells producers the relatively expensive-to-install SDI systems need to last for a minimum of 10 to 15 years to be cost competitive with a center pivot irrigation system.

Such sustainability is no problem, as Lamm reports that after 25 years all 23 plots in his research study are within plus or minus 7 percent of their original flow rates. The average corn yield on those plots over 24 seasons was 231 bushels per acre. Even in the drought year of 2012, they averaged 251 bushels per acre. In four different studies from 1989 to 2004, Lamm found that yields plateaued at 80 percent of full irrigation.

SDI can conserve water by eliminating irrigation runoff, and because it is below the soil surface, water evaporation is greatly reduced.

Another advantage is dry soil surface, enabling total rain absorption. Researchers have also experimented with pumping livestock wastewater through the system, and with some adaptations, were successful.

Another optimal convenience with SDI is its ability to fertilize crops – known in the business as “fertigation.” An Illinois University reports, “An additional advantage of a drip irrigation system is the opportunity to fertigate and supply the right amount of nutrients at the right time. With the need to achieve higher corn and soybean productivity, supplementing rainfall with inseason irrigation may become among the most important factors to consistently produce greater yields”.

The Business of Water Started in a railroad car warehouse and home office, EcoDrip was one of the first companies to dive into the industry of subsurface drip irrigation. The company’s roots are in the cotton and watermelon field of Texas, but in the last 30 years they’ve installed more than 220,000 acres of SDI from there to South Dakota, Wyoming to Delaware.

Kyle Schneider, in-house Eco-Drip representative for 21st Century Water Technologies and a fourth-generation Nebraska farmer/rancher with intimate knowledge of the land, says, “Eco-Drip provides industry-leading design, which is one of our greatest strengths. Most people compare purchasing a drip system to buying any another irrigation system, a pivot for example. Actually it is more comparable to building a house, with options and scenarios that will affect the next 30 years to take into account, you need a good architect to guide you down the path. Eco-Drip's design team uses proprietary software to incorporate topography, field shape, cropping rotation, water quality, water supply stability, row direction, optimum location of field obstacles and local environmental challenges into a user-friendly production tool with a long life span.”

The American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers has warned, “When new technologies such as SDI first appear in a region, there is often a lack of expertise and providers…growers themselves often know little, resulting in communication problems, frustration on the part of system providers and growers, and often even an entry point for less-than-scrupulous providers. However, with consolidation and maturation in the SDI industry, it appears that industry is more responsive, working to 'knock down' problems before they become widespread.”

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 63

Installing the dripper lines. This is the first step in the installation process. It takes a large tractor to pull the tape plow and the tractor must have GPS guidance to make sure the tapes are where they need to be. This tape is being installed at 13” deep. The crew riding the plow watches for potential problems as well as changing rolls when they run out. Photo courtesy Eco-Drip.

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The crew drilling holes in a manifold pipe and connecting the drip tube to the manifold. This is a very labor-intensive process. Photo courtesy Eco-Drip.

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1109 W. 2nd St. FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 64

Since 2012, supported by Netafim USA, they've evaluated potential synergies between irrigation and other management inputs, like placed Phospate fertility, increased plant population, and fungicide application as well as potential yield increase associated with SDI Phospate fertigation, and Nitrogen fertigation in corn management systems designed for high yield.

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Dan Putnam, PHD at Davis says most of the nutrient uptake, up to 70 percent, is in the top 2 feet of the soil. Three hours of pulsed SDI irrigation gets water where it needs to be to deliver that nutrition up to the growing plant roots.

Kurt and Pamela Torrel, who farm seed corn, yellow corn, soybeans and grain sorghum on 3,400 acres near Gresham, Nebraska, began incorporating SDI in 2001 – after four years of aggressive research. They now utilize it on 600 acres, with plans to convert another 2,000. Kurt is excited, saying, “With less water than other irrigation methods, drip is getting us to the next level of profitability, and we’re not even seeing the full potential yet.”

He continues, “We’re in the process of switching from manual to automated zone management. Having the system running itself and switching zones automatically will be another huge leap in efficiency. We’ll also start using the system to deliver nutrients to the crops.” He hopes SDI technology will give them 275 to 300 bushels per acre for corn and 80 to 90 bushels per acre for soybeans--or more.

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The University of California, Davis, also works with Netafim to learn and improve production through SDI. Regarding alfalfa they report yield increases of 25-40 percent and even more stems per crown. Improved uniformity of applied water creates less crop stress through increased ability to meet the crop's daily demand, while improved and sustained soil moisture increases uptake of vital nutrients.

Jim Rue, Driver

65 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

A recipe for

Healthy Soil Chocolate cake and other soil health indicators

By Laura Nelson

I

t starts in the soil.

Healthy crops, healthy calves, healthy profits – it’s all underground.

“Soil is your capital, and when we’re losing soil we’re losing capital,” said Ann Fischer, NRCS district conservationist in Baker, Montana.

With a couple quick at-home soil tests, agronomist Kate Vogel said land stewards can get a thumbnail picture of their soil health

that can guide development goals. The coowner of North 40 Ag said a good place to start is simply with the senses.

Dig a hole, pull up a clod of soil and break it in front of your nose.

“It should be a really strong earthy smell,” she said. “It may sound silly – of course, soil should smell earthy – but not all soil smells like that. In healthy soil, you can smell those bugs working; you’re smelling that organic matter.”

66 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

Next, take a look at the sample that just came up with the spade.

“It should be crumbly, like a chocolate cake that’s already been baked,” Vogel said.

We’re not talking about the pre-made cake mix – “Those particles are really easy to move around. You want those chunks to show you have good structure, those air pockets for the water to absorb and move through.”

Whether you’re on the range or in the field, Vogel said the “bucket test” is another simple

indicator of soil health on the surface, which relates to ample residue cover.

Before or during a rain shower, simply set a bucket out to catch the rain in the field or pasture – if you’re in her neck of the woods near Ballentine, Montana, you’ll want to weight the bucket down with plenty of rocks, of course – and wait. When the storm passes, go check the bucket, but not for what’s inside.

“Look at the outside of that bucket,” Vogel said. “How much soil has splashed up on it

from the rain?” If rain drops can disturb the soil, it’s likely it’s not covered well enough to stay healthy enough to do its job.

“If we keep soils covered, that moderates temperature, reduces erosion, filters precipitation, reduces evaporation and transpiration and provides soil biology habitat,” Fischer said.

To get a feel for what’s underneath the ground, make a quick “flake test” to compare different cross-sections of your land’s

soil health. Cut off the top of a water bottle, grab a mason jar or old peanut butter canister – whatever’s clear and handy. Make a quick screen with mesh, or two layers of chicken wire crisscrossed and push it down into the jar a couple inches. Fill the container with enough water to cover the mesh, and grab an aggregate of soil.

“Do at least two of these – one from the field and one from the fence row,” Vogel said.

“The fence row is the one place you don’t get to, that you’ll be able to really see what the lack of disturbance can do.”

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 67

Agronomist Kate Vogel and conservationist Ann Fischer presented simple, at home soil tests this winter at the Women Stepping Forward in Agriculture symposium in Billings, Montana.

Photo by Laura Nelson.

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 68

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In a grazing system, compare the soil beneath native range with soil under a crested wheatgrass or seeded CRP – “You might graze the pastures the same, but you’ll see the difference in the diversity.”

“If you have really healthy soil, it can stay in the water forever and keep its shape,” she said. “If your soil completely falls apart, it tells you water isn’t holding in there, so you know you’re not using its potential.”

If the soil is healthy, you’ll see air bubbles streaming to the top when you drop the soil clump in the jar – “That water pressure is trying to push the soil apart. If you have good soil, your bugs have glued that micro-aggregate together. That keeps the soil intact.”

Of course, not all soil is created equal. But Vogel and Fischer said there are a few things all soils – regardless of region, rainfall or regrettable management – can benefit from, given time and focused planning.

Soil in rough shape will fall apart quickly, clouding the water and turning to mud.

“All of this does take time,” Fischer said, pointing to a very cloudy “slake test” jar. “It

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took a long time to degregate soil to this state, and it will take it a long time to get it back.”

While moving from a fallow system to notill or introducing a new crop into a rotation certainly isn’t a simple process, some of these tests be a simple indicator worth considering, Vogel pointed out.

“We have to do our research and find what’s going to work best in your system,” she said.

“But you really have to be committed. One year isn’t going to be enough to see a response. It may take three to four years to see the changes you make take effect in the soil, but when that’s your main capital, isn’t that worth it?”

They suggested taking the information gathered from some of these simple at-home tests, then seeking out ideas and practices that have worked specific to your region and marketing ideals.

“Whether you ranch or have a garden or grow crops, it’s all up to us to take care of the soil,” Fischer said. “Degradation and depletion of our natural resources leads to food lacking in nutritional density. Healthy foods come from healthy soils.”

5 Principles of Soil Health

01 02 03 04 05

Decrease disturbance:

They’re talking about tillage here. “The more you work it, the more you break down those aggregates,” Vogel said. “It’s breaking down those microbiology communities, and the individual soil particles just flake off.”

Increase ground cover:

Soil temperature matters, and reside and canopy cover can make a big difference in the optimal growing temps. At 70 degrees, 100 percent of the soil moisture is used for growth, Vogel said. At 80 degrees, degradation begins. At 100 degrees, 15 percent of moisture is used for growth and 85 percent is lost; soil bacteria begins to die at 140.

Don’t think it ever gets that hot in your fields and pastures? Think again. In one of Fischer’s tests, a field traditionally rotated between wheat and sunflowers was tested on a typical 85 degree summer day. Areas of bare soil – no reside or canopy cover – tested at 98 degrees in the soil. Soil temperature with residue cover was 88 degrees; that with residue and canopy cover was 78.

Increase diversity:

“If we’re selecting for only a certain range of species, we’re selecting against other species,” Fischer said. In Montana, where many focus on small grains, Vogel said finding ways to incorporate all four categories of diversity makes a big impact on soil health – cool season grasses, warm season grasses, cool season broadleaf and warm season broadleaf – “The idea is to mimic the native range, change up the root structure and break the cycles.”

Increase living roots:

It’s simple: Humans eat plants for their sugars and nutrients, and so do the bugs below the surface. “The longer you can have those living roots under the ground, the more you’re feeding those bugs, the better they are at building that organic matter,” Vogel said. Again, increasing diversity above ground means increasing diversity below the surface, too – “A diverse landscape means diverse root depths, which means they access different water and nutrient levels,” Fischer said.

Introduce livestock (strategically):

“This has the potential to add a whole other system and portion of diversity,” Vogel said. “When done well, it rounds out the whole system.”

70 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 71

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Mobile HoMe And CAMper owners Volume 51 • Issue 50

Saturday, December 14, 2013

2 Sections

FARM BILL IN LIMBO

Corn’s role in beef’s future

By Loretta Sorensen for Tri-State Livestock News While falling corn prices can’t hurt livestock owners, this is not your grandfather’s cattle market and lowered grain prices won’t have the same effect on today’s market that they would have even five years ago.

Shrinking cow herds, high calf prices, a growing range of feed options and uncertainties of the politics surrounding beef production will all play a role in how beef production will move forward.

Kansas State University Associate Professor of Economics, Glynn Tonsor, says eventual expansion of beef production is likely to be one change resulting from the lower prices. But it won’t happen overnight.

“Given the biological lag, expectations are that pork

Lemmons says new legislation not likely in 2014

By Amanda Radke for Tri-State Livestock News The weather isn’t the only thing that’s cold these days. The farm bill has cooled to icy temperatures, and many farmers and ranchers are in limbo about how to plan their operations for the upcoming year without certainty of a safety net.

Tim Lemmons, University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Extension educator, presented an update on the farm bill at the 2013 AG-ceptional Women’s Conference in Norfolk, Neb, on Nov. 22. His comments answered some burning questions about the state of the farm bill and what producers need to know.

“If there is no action on the farm bill, we will revert to the last permanent legislation; this is because of the Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1938 and 1949” Lemmons explained. “This would mean a loss of direct payments (DP) and counter-cyclical payments (CCP). Once commodity quotas go into place, the USDA Secretary of Agriculture decides how many acres of each crop are grown and dishes those out to the states to allocate to the farmers in direct payments. He also decides on a permanent price sup-

port for given crops either by loan, purchase or other operation.”

Currently, the farm bill is in a two-year extension of the 2008 farm bill, until a Senate and House proposal can be passed for a new farm bill to be instated.

“2014 is an election year, and very few decisions are made during an election year,” he added. “Currently, there is an existing price safety net through marketing loans and loan deficiency payments (ML/LDP), as well as DP and CCP. A trigger price occurs when the marketing year average for a particular commodity falls below a predetermined value. The marketing year for 2012 began on Sept. 1, 2012, and continued until Aug. 31, 2013.

The marketing year for 2013 begins

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on Sept. 1, 2013, and continues to Aug. 31, 2014.”

One thing to keep in mind is 84 percent of the farm bill goes to the nutrition bill; 7 percent to crop insurance; 4 perent to commodity; and 5 percent to conservation, Lemmons explained.

“Currently, the 2014-2023 baseline for commodities is $58.8 billion; the House proposal (HR1947) will cut

Over a half million dollars from producers, auction barns, local businesses and concerned folks from one side of the country to the other will be added to pot to help ranchers blasted by storm “Atlas.”

What started as a $35,000 gift from First Interstate Bank turned into $520,000 in support of relief efforts for ranchers affected by the early October storm that killed tens of thousands of head of cattle, sheep and horses across Western South Dakota and neighboring states.

-Farm bill on Page A2 -

- See Rollover on Page A2 -

Add Add sele selec Add Add sele Add logo logo Add Edit Edi logo infor info Nam Nam Edit info Nam

INSIDE THIS WEEK

The Publication Ranchers Pay To Read BEEF TALK

VET’S VOICE

Bulls and the bitter cold are not a good mix

Now is the time to prepare for calving.

A5

OUTSIDE CIRCLE

Brazile wins his 19th World Championship

A8

B7

BAXTER BLACK

ALAN GUEBERT

A discussion of animal husbandry

“Rarely gather unless there’s food served.”

A4

The Cows Behind

REMUDA ROUND-UP

Hawkins back on the horse

A4

B6

“The Source”

December 21, 2013 • 11 a.m.

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FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 73 PLATTE POWER SPORTS 27603 368TH AVE PLATTE, SD

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Sheep Sell Every Thursday • Newell, SD 605-456-2348 • 800-409-4149

Philip Livestock Auction

Owner: Thor Roseth Philip, SD: 605-685-5826 Auctioneers: Lynn Weishaar: Reva, SD 605-866-4670 Dan Piroutek: Milesville, SD 605-544-3316

Office: 605-859-2577

Fieldmen: Billy Markwed ~ Midland, SD: 605-567-3385 Jeff Long ~ Red Owl, SD: 605-985-5486 Bob Anderson ~ Sturgis, SD: 605-347-0151 Baxter Anders ~ Wasta, SD: 605-685-4862

• VALENTINE, NE

VALENTINE LIVESTOCK AUCTION CO.

Cattle Sales on Thursday Special Feeder Sales Fall, Winter & Spring Greg Arendt, Mgr. 402-376-3611 • 800-682-4874 www.valentinelivestock.net Internet & Private Placements Available

Cattle Sale Every Tuesday

• GLASGOW, MT

GLASGOW STOCKYARDS, INC.

P.O. Box 129 • Glasgow, MT 59230 (406) 228-9306 E-mail: gsi@nemont.net www.glasgowstockyards.com Linda & Mark Nielsen, Owners Iva Murch, Manager Field Representatives Dean Barnes: 406-263-1175 Ed Hinton: 406-893-4462 Representatives for Northern Livestock Video Auction Sale Day Every Thursday

DIRECTORY • PLATTE, SD

Call today to list your Sale Barn in the Tri-State Livestock News

1-877-347-9100 • FT. PIERRE, SD FT.

PIERRE LIVESTOCK AUCTION, INC. Cattle Every Friday

Computerized Ring Scale Special Sales as Advertised

800-280-7210

Sale Barn: 605-223-2576

Dennis Hanson: 605-223-2575 Willie Cowan: 605-224-5796 Jack Carr: 605-259-3613 Brian Hanson: 605-280-1283 Chad Heezen: 605-870-0697 • KIMBALL, SD

KIMBALL LIVESTOCK EXCHANGE Selling Fat Cattle the Auction Way

605-778-6211 • 800-859-2346 Cattle Sell Every Tuesday

OWNER: Wayne Tupper 605-778-8211 Eddie Houska: 605-234-5633 • (C): 605-680-0666 Dick Deffenbaugh: 605-680-1324 Check out our website at: www.wesellcattle.com

• GORDON, NE

• BOWMAN, ND

BOWMAN AUCTION MARKET P.O. Box 58 Bowman, ND 58623 877-211-0600 Regular Sale Every Monday

Marketing Cattle, Horses, Sheep & Hogs Harry Kerr, Mgr. 701-523-5922 701-523-5666 (h) Wayne Miller Field Rep 701-523-6885

• RUSHVILLE, NE

Sheridan LiveStock auction co., inc.

Regular Sales Wednesday Office (308) 327-2406

Horse Sales Every Month As Advertised Hogs Sell at 9:30 a.m.

Weigh-ups & Bulls Sell at 11:00 a.m.

Stock Cattle Sell at 1:00 p.m.

Owner: Dan Otte Fieldmen: Wayde Bolden, Kirk Otte Link Thompson • Galen Voss

• TORRINGTON, WY

626 West Valley Rd. Torrington, WY 307-532-3333

308-282-1171

Dick Minor 308-282-2655 • 308-360-0427 www.gordonlivestock.com

All Classes – Every Friday Yearlings & Calves – Wednesday Bred Cow Specials Go to www.torringtonlivestock.com for current listings, sale schedules & results

Shawn Madden 307-532-1575 Lex Madden – 307-532-1580

• MILES CITY, MT

MILES CITY LIVESTOCK COMMISSION Regular Cattle Sales Tuesday Special Feeder Sales In Season Horse Sales As Advertised Home of Frontier Stockyards www.frontierstockyards.com

Office • 406-234-1790 800-755-5177 Bart Meged • 406-421-5377 Cell 406-951-3005 Rob Fraser • 406-234-2066 Cell 406-853-2066 www.milescitylivestock.com

• CRAWFORD, NE

Sales Every Friday Office: 308-665-2220 Fax: 308-665-2224

Toll Free: 866-665-2220

Horse Sales As Advertised Owners: Jack & Laurel Hunter: 308-665-1402 • Cell: 308-430-9108

www.crawfordlivestock.com e-mail: clm@crawfordlivestock.com • HERREID, SD

HERREID LIVESTOCK MARKET Regular Cattle Sales Every Friday Special Sales by Appointment 605-437-2265

Owners/Managers Hermann Schumacher Joe Vetter J.R. Scott

PLATTE

LIVESTOCK MARKET

800-337-2655 Cattle Sale Each Wednesday Feeder Pigs Monday 12:30 pm Butcher Hogs Monday 1:00 pm Sheep Sales Every Monday 1:30 pm Co-Owners: Scott Kirsch, Sheep & Cattle Rep. 605-337-2616 Marshall Ringling, Sheep & Cattle Rep. 605-243-2328 Alvie Timmermans, Auct. & Mkt. Rep. 605-243-2235 John Dean: (C) 605-680-1972

• PRESHO, SD

PRESHO LIVESTOCK AUCTION SALE EVERY THURSDAY

Presho, SD is located on Interstate 90, 175 miles east of Rapid City, SD Toll-Free: 800-753-6455 Ronald Volmer Res.: 1-605-895-2378 • 605-381-2501 Cody Volmer Res.: 1-605-895-2393 • Cell: 1-605-222-9270

www.presholivestock.com • BILLINGS, MT

BILLINGS LIVESTOCK COMMISSION

Cattle Sales Every Thursday Monday IN Season Northern Livestock Video Auction Horse Sale the 4th weekend of each month For Information or to Consign Call: 1-800-635-7364 or call: Ty Thompson 406-698-4783 Dan Catlin 406-671-7715 Bill Cook 406-670-0689 website: www.billingslivestock.com

• BASSETT, NE

Bassett Livestock Auction, Inc. 402-684-2361 Regular and Special Feeder Cattle Sales on Wednesdays Owners: Arlen (Bim) Nelson • 402-684-3922 Donnie Painter • 402-684-2221 Office Manager: Jeri Nelson • 402-684-2361

RUNNING CREEK FARM & RANCH Lusk, Niobrara County, Wyoming

1,360± contiguous deeded acres with 648± irrigated acres, balance native grass pasture. Four low-pressure pivots.

Excellent set of improvements. Located 15 miles northeast of Lusk, Wyoming.

Owner Financing Available!

INDIAN CANYON RANCH

FLAT ROCK RANCH

Hot Springs, Fall River County, South Dakota

Located 46 miles north of Beach, ND. Tremendous grass, water, natural protection. 2,467± deeded acres, 2,400± Little Missouri National Grasslands acres for 4,867± total acres. Currently home to reputable registered Black Angus cattle operation running over 200 head. Nice improvements. Excellent access.

1,450+ total acres: 1000+ deeded, 450+ BLM lease. 25 miles southwest of Hot Springs. 3/4 mile of Cheyenne River flows through ranch. Nice set of improvements.

$3,000,000

$1,150,000

Contact Cory Clark at (307) 334-2025

Contact Cory Clark at (307) 334-2025

76 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • FORAGE • 2015

Squaw Gap, McKenzie County, North Dakota

$4,000,000 Contact Denver Gilbert at (406) 697-3961

Advertiser Index Arnold Realty...............................................................................................15 Assman Implement.............................................................................. 26, 40 Bejot Feed Lots.............................................................................................11 Bill's Volume Sales.......................................................................................30 Blair Brothers Angus..................................................................................47 Bobcat of Casper & Gillette.......................................................................52 Bradeen Auction..........................................................................................72 Bridger Steel...................................................................................................3 Butte Co Equipment...................................................................................10 Cammack Ranch Supply..............................................Inside Front Cover Carls Trailers..................................................................................................4 Clark & Associates Land............................................................................76 Common Sense Mfg...................................................................................68 Country Pride Coop...................................................................................58 Divine Concrete...........................................................................................72 Eby, Inc..........................................................................................................33 Eco-Drip Irrigation Inc................................................................................7 Farm Credit Services ................................................................. Back Cover FMG Feed & Seed.......................................................................................25 Forever Feeders............................................................................................44 Grossenburg Implement............................................................................58 Goldies Auto & Trailer Sales.....................................................................79 Hersruds of Sturgis......................................................................................59 Hewitt Land Company...............................................................................80 High Plains Truck & Trailer Inc...............................................................64 Hutchison Western.......................................................................................6 Iverson Chrysler..........................................................................................24 J & P Grain Solutions LLC.........................................................................46 Jenner Equipment.......................................................................................72 Kay Dee Feeds................................................................................................2 Kennedy Implement...................................................................................45 Lakeside Livestock Equipment.................................................................33 Lindskov Implement......................................................................10, 17, 31 M & J Auto...................................................................................................71 Meyerink Farm Service..............................................................................32 Midwest Liquid Feeds.................................................................................24 Morris Equipment LLC....................................................................... 48, 49 Newport Laboratories.................................................................................27 No Bull Enterprises.....................................................................................32 Palace MotorSports.....................................................................................39 Palmer Cap-Chur Equip............................................................................53 Pharmco........................................................................................................78 Platte Power Sports.....................................................................................73 Premier Equipment.....................................................................................37 Quality Liquid Feeds......................................................Inside Back Cover

Real Tuff Inc.................................................................................................18 Rice Honda.....................................................................................................1 Rockin R Farms / Yield 4man...................................................................69 Rosebud Concrete.......................................................................................65 Rowse Rakes Inc..........................................................................................23 Schuchards Westside GMC.......................................................................41 Stock Auction Company............................................................................77 Stuart Concrete............................................................................................18 Tehrani Motors............................................................................................36 Wenzel Construction..................................................................................16 West River Industries.................................................................................73 Willrodt Motors...........................................................................................72

Livestock Market Directory................................................................ 74, 75

Experience the POWER of BigIron.com Online Auctions on Wednesdays Ag, Construction & Transportation Equipment NO RESERVES - NO BUYERS PREMIUMS

Sell your equipment on BigIron.com call 1-800-937-3558 for your local rep.

FORAGE • 2015 • TRI-STATE LIVESTOCK NEWS • 77

EATMENT FACILITY!

VER you are, We’ll come to YOU!

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us more at www.pharmcosd.com

605-234-5209 • 800-258-1736 337-3374 • 800-683-3374 0703 | PARAGON • 605-778-6579

PHARMCO EXCLUSIVE FORAGE SORGHUM CHAMBERLAIN • PARAGON • PLATTE • WINNER

• Hay Maker BMR (delayed maturity) • Graze Craze • Bunk Buster BMR • Cow Candy BMR (dry stalk) • New Hybrid - Forage Pro • Dry stalk gene allows for a faster dry down and a more timely harvest.

• All Forage Hybrids are BMR6 Trait for up to 20% increased digestability.

Proven Hybrids through local fields putting out 25+ton per acre dry land

OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE Food Plots

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• Chick Magnet • Wilder Game • Red Rooster

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Millet • German Hay Millet • White Wonder

CRP Grass Mixes • Lawn Seed • Cover Crops Large Supply of Row Crop Seed

Platte 800.683.3374

Chamberlain 800.258.1736

Winner 605.842.0703

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* All products regular or concept treated.

Kimball 605.778.6579

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Jeff & Janell Goldammer 601 S Ohlman St Jeff & Janell•Goldammer Jeff@goldiesautosales www goldiesaut Mitchell, SD BEST WARRANTYcom IN THE INDUSTRY J 601 S Ohlman St 605-990-5333 Toll Free: 877-990-833 3 YEAR BASIC WARRANTY & 10 YEAR 3/10 WARRANTY 3/10 WARRANTY jeff@goldiesautosales.com Jeff@goldiesauto Mitchell, SD Jeff & Janell Goldammer  LIMITED TRANSFERABLE WARRANTY 13320 Fall River Rd 605-990-5333 Jeff@goldiesautosales com • www goldiesautosales com Toll Free: 877-990-8333 Hot Springs, SD BEST WARRANTY IN THE INDUSTRY Jeff & Janell Goldammer BEST Toll WARRANTY IN THE INDUSTRY Free: 877-990-833 13320 Fall River Rd 3 YEAR BASIC WARRANTY & 605-745-8333 3/10Cell: WARRANTY 3 YEAR BASIC WARRANTY & 605-770-1331 HotLIMITED Springs, SDjeff@goldiesautosales.com 10 YEAR TRANSFERABLE d & operated with very prices!

10 affordable YEAR LIMITED TRANSFERABLE Toll Free: 877-990-8333 605-745-8333 WARRANTY   www.goldiesautosales.com WARRANTY Cell: 605-770-1331 Family owned & operated with very affordable prices!

3/10 WARRANTY

amily owned & operated with very affordable prices!

Family owned & operated with very ENGINEERED, affordable/ 13320 prices!Fall River Rd, Hot Springs, www.goldiesautosales.com SD Phone: 605 -745-8333 Jeff & Janell Goldammer EST BUILT, BEST BEST WARRANT  sales.com / Toll Free: 877-990-8333 / www.goldiesautosales.com 3/10 WARRANTY 601SELECTION S. Ohlman Mitchell,- OVER SD Phone: 605-990-5333 / 13320 Fall River Rd, Hot Springs, Phone: 605-745-8333 jeff@goldiesautosales.com REAS LARGEST OFSt, TRAILERS 150BUILT, TRAILERS TO CHOOSE FROM – FINANCING AVAILABLE – WESD DELIVER CALL FOR DETAILS BEST BEST ENGINEERED, BEST IPLE AXLE NEW SOONER GOOSENECK NEW EXISS GOOSENECK NEW EXISS Toll Free: 877-990-8333 EERED, BEST WARRANTY Exiss Bumper Pull Stock Trailer 2015 Exiss Gooseneck Livestock Trailer 2015 Exiss Stock Combo LIVESTOCK TRAILER LIVESTOCK TRAILER

0-5333 / 13320 Fall River Rd, Hot Springs, SD Phone: 605-745-8333 601 S. Ohlman St, Mitchell, SD Phone: 605-990-5333



ss Gooseneck Livestock Trailer

NEW Exiss Stock Combo BEST WARRANTY BEST WARRANTY IN THE INDUSTRY AREAS LARGEST SELECTION OF TRAILERS - OVER 150 TRAILERS TO CHOOSE FROM – FINANCING AVAILABLE – WE DELIVER CALL FOR DETAILS IN THE INDUST 3 YEAR BASIC WARRANTY & 3 Cell: YEAR 605-770-1331 BASIC WARRANTY &  NEW SOONER TRIPLE AXLE NEW 10 SOONER GOOSENECK NEW EXISS GOOSEN YEAR LIMITED TRANSFERABLE 10 YEAR LIMITED TRANSFERAB WARRANTY NEW EXISS GOOSENECK NEW EXISS STOCK COMBO www.goldiesautosales.com WARRANTY Exiss Bumper Pull Stock Trailer LIVESTOCK TRAILER LIVESTOCK TRAILE 2015 Exiss Gooseneck Livestock Trailer 2015 Exiss Stock Combo

 rated with very affordable prices! 

LIVESTOCK TRAILER 601 S. Ohlman St, Mitchell, SDRiver Phone: 605-990-5333 / 13320 Fall River Rd, Hot Springs, Phone: 605-745-833 n St, Mitchell, SD Phone: 605 -990-5333 / 13320 Fall Rd, Hot Springs, SD Phone: 605 SD -745-8333

Jeff & Janell Goldammer / jeff@goldiesautosales.com / Toll Free: 877-990-8333 www.goldiesautosales.com LECTION OF TRAILERS 150 TRAILERS TO CHOOSE FROM – FINANCING AVAILABLE – WE DELIVER/ CALL FOR DETAILS 1 Gate, 2 Compartments, Slam Latch, - OVER 4’ Dressing/Tack Area, Camper Door, Sliding

Door, Spare Tire & Wheel ……. $14,975

Windows in Gooseneck, Carpet in Dressing Area, Exiss Gooseneck Livestock TrailerNEW Exiss Gooseneck Livestock 2015Trailer Exiss Stock Combo NEW Sooner Gooseneck Livestock Trailer NEW Exiss Stock Combo Rubber 2015 Mats in Horse Area, 4 Tier Saddle Rack, Bridle Hooks & Brush Tray, 2 pop up roof vents per horse, tie rings inside & outside, plexiglass inserts, center divider gate in 20’ or larger, available in slant nter Gate With Slider and Slam Latch, (2) 5 ,200 LBwall Torsion Axles With 7’x16’, 7’x18’, 7’x20’, 7’x22’, 7’x24’, 7’x26’, 7’x28’ 7’x20’,available 1 Center –Gate Withwhite, Slider, Spare Tire & Wheel ……….... $14,375 or straight wall, colors silver, tric Brakes, 2X4 I-Beams on 10” Center, Interlocking Extruded gray, black or champagne Available In White, Black, Mill, Gray, Champagne 7’x24’, 1 Center Gate, 2 Compartments, Spare Tire & Wheel .... $15,175 minum Non-Skid Floor, (16) 6 Hole Steel Wheels With 10 PLY Radial Options Available, straight wall or slant wall, Bride Hooks, Brush Tray, 1 Center Gate With Slider7x16 and Slam Latch, (2) 5,200LB …………………………………...……….

7’x16’,7’x18’,7’x20’,7’x22’,7’x24’,7’x26’,7’x28’Available 1$14,775 Center Gate with slider56” ....................$14,375 Saddle Rack, Blanket Bar, Plexiglass inserts, life time rubber7x16 mats, carpet in 7’x24’,on 2 Gates7’x20’ With Sliders, 5’ Front Compartment, Side Door, Slam s25% 6'.8"X16’, Spare TireTorsion & Wheel ...……………………….……. $10,975I-Beams partments, front Exiss Sto Monthly Financing WAC Axles With Electric 7x18Brakes,2X4 ………………………………………..….. $16,975 In 2White,Black,Mill,Gray,Champagne Options Available, 7’x24’ 1 Center Gate, 2 compartments ...........$15,175 gooseneck, way pop roof vents, windows in gooseneck, camper door with $15,975 Latch On All Gates, Spare Tire & Wheel ………..……...………...

50% Annual Financing WAC 10” Center, Interlocking Extruded Aluminum Non7x20 ………………………………………….... $17,775 7x24 Sooner, 1 Gate, 2 Compartments, Slam Latch 5’ front 7x24 compartment, Exiss, 1 Gate, 2 Compartments, Slam Latch, 4’ Dressing/Tack Area, Camper Door,Sto Slidin axles w/14 ply straight wall or slant wall,Bride Hooks, Brush Tray, Saddle 7’x24, 2 Gates with sliders, screen, Spare Tire & Wheel 7x20 Exiss Sooner, Gate Compartments, 7x24 Exiss, 2 TireRack, Compartments, Slam 5 Years On All New Trailers 7x22 ………………………………..…………..

Skid Floor,with (16)7x24 6 Hole Wheels With&110 PLYTire Ra-front Spare &2wheel $15,975 56”............$15,975 Escape Door, Spare & Wheel ……. $14,975 Windows Gooseneck, Carpet in Dressing A 7x28 Sooner, 3 Steel Compartments, Blanket Bar, Plexiglass inserts, lifetimein rubbermats, 56”………………………... side$18,475 door, slam latch on all gates ........ $19,975 Starting at $14,775 10% Down At Goldies 7x24 …………………………………...…...….. $18,975 Rubber Mats in Horse Area, 4 Tier Saddle Ra dial Tires 6’.8”X16’, Spare Tire & Wheel.........$10,975 7x24 m Latch, (2) 5 ,200 LB Torsion Axles 7’x16’, 7’x18’, 7’x20’, 7’x26’, 7’x28’ 56”With Ecsape/4 Wheeler Rear Latch & Spare ................$14,975 7’x20’, 1 Center Gate With Slider, Tire &Gate Wheel $14,375 carpet in gooseneck, 2 way7’x22’, pop roof7’x24’, vents, windows in Exiss Sto drop cover vents, 8K axles ply 7x24w/14 Sooner, 2Door, Gates, 3Spare Compartments, Slam………....

7x24 Exiss, 2 Gates, 3Tire Compartments, Slam Latch, 2015 Sooner Ranch Stock T railer 2015 Sooner Gooseneck Stock Trailer enter 7x16 Exiss Stock Combo ...$14,275 0” Center,gates Interlockingw/ Extruded Available In White,7x24 Black, Bridle Mill,Exiss, Gray, HooksChampagne & Brush Tray, 2 pop up roof vent 7x24 Sooner, 1 Gate 2 Compartments, 2 Compartme 7.6X28 Exiss Stock Combo, 5’Tire Tack Room,………………..…

6’ gooseneck, camper door with screen, Spare Tire & Wheel Latch, Spare & Wheel $16,975 56” Escape Door, Spare Tire & Wheel ……. $15,475 7’x24’, 1 Center Gate, 2 Compartments, Spare Tire & Wheel .... $15,175 Slam Latch .............................$16,775 Hole Steel steel Wheels With Available, straight wall or slant wall, Hooks, Brush Tray, 10 PLY RadialGooseneck belted radial tires .......... $19,975 Exiss,Options 3 Compartments, Slam horse, tieBride rings inside & outside, plexiglass ins 2015 Stock Trailer 2015 Sooner Ranch7x24 Stock Trailer Carpeted Dressing Room, AC, Two Doors Through ent, 56” side 4 Sooner starting at $14,775 56” Wheeler Door, Rear Gate Latch & divider Spare Tire ...............

Saddle Rack, Blanket Bar, Plexiglass inserts, life time rubber carpet in 7x20 Exiss Stock Combo 7’x24’, 2 Gates With Sliders, 5’ Front Compartment, Door, Slam ...$16,975 el . ..……………………….……. $10,975 Dressing center gate in 20’mats, or larger, available in 7x24 Exiss, 2 Compartments, Slam Also Available inEcsape/4 Room to Tack Horsew/ Area ..… $23,775 7x24 2Sooner, 2intoSpare Compartments w/56” Side Latch & Sliders all Gates, 56” 7.5x30 center gates gooseneck, 2 on way pop roof vents, windows in gooseneck, camper Combo door with Stock op cover vents,Sooner, $15,975 Latch On All Gates, Tire & Wheel ………..……...………... wall &orWheel straight wall, colors available – silver, w 7.6X26, 7.6x28, 7.6x30, 7.6x32, 7.6x34 & 7.6x36 Slam Latch .............................$16,775 screen, Spare Tire 7x24 Exiss, 3 Compartme 7x24 Exiss Stock Combo ...$17,975 Latchyear & Spare Tire slider ................$14,975 sliders, 6’6” compartment, side 4 and slam56” latch on all gates, 56” Escape/4 Wheeler Door .........$15,575 gray, black or champagne ood steel rubber mats 2 Gates, 3 Compartments, 17.5 wheels, 16 ply at $14,775 S7x24 - FINANCING – WEdrop DELIVER CALL FOR DETAILS 7x24 Sooner, 2 Compartments w/Starting Latch & Sliders on saddle all $1 G Goodyear tires, 56” Four Wheeler Door, available in wheeler door, front cover vents, Exiss, 3 Compartments, Slam Ranch Stock T AVAILABLE railer 2015 Sooner Gooseneck Stock Trailer ........ $21,475 Ecsape/4 Wheeler Door .........$17,175 7x16 …………………………………...………. hooks, tandem or triple axle, drop vents under gooseneck, 4.25% Monthly Financing WAC slider and slam latch on all gates, 56” Escape/4 Wheeler Door ........

7x18 ………………………………………..….. $1 17.5 wheels, 16 ply good year steel Latch & Sliders on all Gates, 56” Stock Combo options – plexiglass, enter gates w/ roof vents, $1 ti slam latch on all gates, sliders on all gates, spare tire 4.50% Annual Financing WAC 7x20 …………………………………………....

ER 2 & 3-PEN SETUP PORTABLE CORALtires ................. $21,475 belted Radial Ecsape/4 Wheeler Door .........$17,175 &rubber wheel Wheeler .........$15,575 Up To 5 Years On All New Trailers with door, 8K mats, brush tray, bridle 7x22 ………………………………..………….. $1 0Escape/4 cow/calf pairstriple or up to 300-800 # calvesDoor or Down At Goldies 4.25% Monthly 7x24 …………………………………...…...….. $1 – 250 cow/calf pairs or up to 500-800# calves.

7.5x30 Sooner, 2 center gates w/hooks, saddle rack, 2 way 10% ........ $23,475 pop up vers, No Climbing Over Panels, Multiple Pens for 7.6X28 Exiss Stock Financing WAC or Combo, 5’ Tack Room, 6’ sliders, 56” 4 wheeler door, triple 8K Uneven Ground, 1 Man Set-Up, Converts to Alley for enter gates w/ roof vents, tie rings inside & out Dressing Room, AC, Two Doors Thro hute or Loading Chute, Corral has Built-In Adjustable 4.50% Annual Carpeted Financing WAC axles ...................................... $23,475 door, triple 8K Dressing Room to Tack into Horse Area ..… $2 way, Transferrable Highway Speeds 7’6”x26’, 7’6”x28’, 7’6”x30 ’ , 7’6”x32’, 7’6”x34’, 7’6”x36’ ’x24’, 1 Gate WithatSlider, 56” Side Door, Slam Latch On AllGates, 7’6”x26’, 7’6”x28’, 7’6”x30’,27’6”x32’, 7’6”x34’,gates 7’6”x36’, w/ 7’x24’, 1 gate with slider, 56” side door, slam latch on Up To 5 Years on e........

- $14,700 or Super Large - $16,700 7.5x32 Sooner, center 3 Compartments, 8K Axels, 17.5 Wheels with 16 Ply Good Year Tires, pare Tire & $24,475 Wheel ………………………………

3 compartments, 8k………….… axels, 17.5$16,975 wheels with 16triple ply all gates .............................................................$16,975 AllAVAILABLE New Trailers with 10% Down sliders, 56” 4 wheeler door, 8K AREAS LARGEST – WE DELIVER CALL FOR DETAIL 56” Side Escape Door, SELECTION Slam Latches On All OF Gates,TRAILERS Access Door In - FINANCING Goodyear tires, 56” side door, slam latches onThe allNose, Drop ’x24’, 2 Gates With Sliders, 5’ Front Compart mentexcape Or Equal 7’x24’, 2 Vents gatesUnder with sliders, 5’ front Cover Gooseneck, Spare Tire &compartment, Wheel At Goldies 7’6”x26’, 7’6”x28’, 7’6”x30 ’, 7’6”x32’, 7’6”x34’, 7’6”x36’ Side Door,axles Slam Latch On All Gates, ...................................... $24,475 gates, access door nose, drop cover, vents under Arrow Farmquip ompartments 50” Side Door, Slam Latch OninAllthe Gates, Spare Tire &NEW 14 ply Goodyear steel belted radial & spare tire & whe Compartments, Axels, Tires, 3 8K 17.5 Wheels with 16 Ply Good Year Special Prices On All 7’6” Wide Trailers ………………… ………….… $16,975 Calving gooseneck, special prices on all 7’6” wide trailers.

Call Door, forPen 56” Side Escape Slam Latches On On AllThe Gates, Access In WRANGLER 2 & 3-PEN SETUP PORTABLE CORAL Wheel ………………………………………………...…………. $17,475 el.........................................................................$17,475 Call For Special Prices Length Of YourDoor Choice Front Compartment Or Equal The Nose, Drop Cover Vents Under Gooseneck, Spare Tire & Wheel Large - 150 cow/calf pairs or up to 300-800 # calves or of your choice.

Slam Latch On All Gates,special Spareprices Tire &on the length 10ft wide X 8ft long, Self Catch head Special Prices On gate, All 7’6” Wide Trailers Super Large – 250 cow/calf pairs or up to 500-800# calves.

Deluxe ……………………...…………. $17,475 Split gate, gates sides for Prices full mats, access, 5ft rear Sundowner Horse with quarters, 12-ft short wal Steel Callboth Forrubber Special On The Lengthgate Of Your 2001 Choice No Lifting or Levers, No Climbing 4 Over Panels, Multiple Pens living for h Palp Gooseneck w/ one center swing gate at rear, Removable posts at rear Sorting, Works on Unevenunderneath Ground, 1 Man Set-Up, Converts to Alley for Horse area has dividers a mangers with storage.

MORE LIVESTOCK EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE ONLINE @ WWW.GOLDIESAUTOSALES.COM s.

Use w/ Squeeze Chute or Loading Chute, Corral has Built-In Adjustable for locking of crowd gates enabling 2001 4 Horse with 2008 Corn Pro 6X16 allow Steel Gooseneck w/ one center drop gate, rubber mats, gate Alleyway, Transferrable atrear Highway Speeds down feed doors and rear buttSundowner windows, electric jack ... use for basic chute ONLINE @ WWW.GOLDIESAUTOSALES.COM E LIVESTOCK EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE

Pull Stock Trailer

2 Gates, 3 Compartments, Slam Latch, Door, Spare Tire & Wheel ……. $15,475

4.25% Monthly Financing WAC or 4.25% Monthly 4.50% Annual Financing WAC Financing WAC or Up To 5 Years on 4.50% Annual Financing WAC All New Trailers with 10% Down Up to 5 Years on At Goldies

All New Trailers with 10% Down At Goldies

has been Awarded the #1 Sooner & Exiss Dealer in the GOLDIES has been Awarded the #1 Sooner & Exiss AVAILABLE ONLINE @ WWW.GOLDIESAUTOSALES.COM oonerMORE & LIVESTOCK ExissEQUIPMENT Dealer in the Nation!!!!

Large - $14,700 or Super Large - $16,700 T condition!................................................................ $5,975 mangers with underneath stora 2001 Sundowner 4 Horse 12-ft short wallPORTABLE with PORTABLE full living quarters, w/ slider and newer with tires.living quarters, WRANGLER 2 &SETUP 3-PEN SETUP WRANGLER 2 & 3-PEN CORAL CORAL drop down feedroom, doorsswing and rea 1999 Trail Rite 4 Horse front ou mangers with underneath storage.

Horse area has dividers and fans for each horse, Large 150 cow/calf pairs or up to 300-800 # calvers WRANGLER 2 & 3 -PEN SETUP PORTABLE CORAL Large capacity of 150 cow/calf pairs or up to 300 -800 # calves or Trailer is in EXCELLENT condition!................................................................ $5,975 tack / dressing ArrowofFarmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip Large -NEW capacity 150 cow/calf pairs or up tolfcow/calf 300 -800 # calves or saddle rack, stall dividers ........................................................ or Super Large 250 pairs or up to 500-800# drop down feed doors and rear butt windows, electric jack ....................... $27,775 Super Large – capacity of 250 cow/ca pairs or up to 500-800# calves. ’teSteel Stock Trailer, 2 Center Divider Gates With Sliders And Chute 8400 Quick-Catch Chute Calving Pen Super LargeLoading – capacity of 250 cow/calf pairs or up to 500-800# calves.

1999 Trail Rite 4 Horse front calves.NoNoClimbing LiftingOver or Levers, No Climbing Panels, No Lifting or Levers, Panels, Multiple Pens forOver Sorting, No Lifting or Levers, No Climbing Over Panels, Multiple Pens for Sorting, 3 Compartments, (2) 7000Lb Torsion Axles, Rear Gate WithConverts Works on With Uneven Ground, 1 Man Set-Up, to Alley forw/ Use w/ 10ft wide X 8ft long, Self Catch head gat Multiple Pens for Sorting, Works on Uneven Ground, 1 Sliders 7X24 Works on Uneven Ground, 1 Man Set-Up, Converts to Alley for Use saddle rack, stall dividers 12’ Portable Loading Chute Adjustable Stationary or Portable 8400 Series Deluxe 2008 Circle-D 6’8”X24’ Steel Stock Trailer, 2 Center Divider Gates With And 1990 Wilson Aluminum Stock Trailer, 1 center gate....... rea 1999 Trail Rite 4 Horse front tack / dressing room, swing out 8’ Alley, Split gates both sides for full access, 5f Squeeze Chute or Loading Chute, Corral has Built-In Adjustable Squeeze Chute or Set-Up, Loading Chute, Corraltohas Built-In Alleyway, Man Converts Alley for Adjustable UseAlleyway, w/ Squeeze Chute Floor & Vet Cage Quick-Catch Squeeze Chute With Palp Local Trade In, Excellent Condition ......................... $7,975 with Transferrable Transferrable at HighwayatSpeeds local trade ................................................................................ swing gate at rear, Removable posts at re addle Slam rack, stall dividers .............................................................................. $6,275 Highway Speeds Latches To Make 3 Compartments, (2) 7000Lb Torsion Axles, Rear Gate With Cage & Head Holder or Loading Chute, Corral has Built-in Adjustable Alleyway, CALL 1990 Wilson Aluminum 7X24 allow for locking of crowd gates enablin CALL Speeds Large - $14,700 or Transferrable at Highway use for basic chute Slider And Slam Latch, Local Trade In, Excellent Condition ......................... $7,975 local ...............................

1989 Wilson 7X24 Aluminum Stocktrade Trailer, 2 divider gates to Superrear Large - $16,700 1990 Wilson Aluminum Stock Trailer, centertogate with roll-up door, Aluminum Stock Trailer,7X24 2 center gates w/ 1 sliders make 3 gate rear roll up door, Local Trade! ................................................. ocal trade ........................................................................................................$7,995 NEW Arrow Farmquip ocal trade ................................................................. $12,775 7X24 Aluminum S NEW Arrow Famrquip NEW Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip 2006 Featherlite 7X24 Aluminum Stock Trailer, 2 center gates w/ sliders to make 3 1989 Wilson NEW Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip Pen Calving NEW Arrow Farmquip New Arrow NEW Arrow Famrquip Calving e Chute Alleyway Loading Chute Portable Tub, Alley & Star Chute Pen rear roll up door, Local Trade!

Alleyway Loading Chute 1989 4 3 Horse Rear tack, front dressing area w/ A/C 1989 Wilson 7X24 Aluminum Stock Trailer, 2 divider gates to make 3 compartments, Farmquip Loading Alleyway 10ft NEW Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip PenX 8ft long, Self Catch$12,775 Calving 10ft wide X 8ft long, Selfwide Catch equal compartments, local trade .................................................................

Chute 26’ .......................................................................

Adjustable Stationary head gate, Split gates both sides head gate, Split gates both is in EXCELLENT condition! all new tires, trailer ..................... ear up center door, Local Trade! $8,995 Alleyway Loading Chute 26’ Adjustable Stationary Alley 12’Portable Portable Loading Chute lable 26’ Adjustable Stationary Alley withtwo 12’ Loading Chute With Adjustab ith inroll one gate and slider to make equal for full access, 5ft swing gate at Deluxe Portable 16’ X-Flow Tub, 8’ Alley, 12” Portable Alley with 2 Rolling 10ft wide X 8ft long, Self Catch sides for full access, 5ft swing with 2 Rolling Doors With Adjustable &Rear Vet 1989 4Loading Star 3 Horse tac or Hook 2 Rolling Doors Floor Floor & Vet Cage rear, Removable posts at Quick Catch Squeeze Chute with Chute with Doors gategates at rear rear, Removeable posts head gate, Split both sides Cage ................................................................................ $10,975 26’ Adjustable Stationary Alley 12’ Portable Loading tor 16’ Adjustable Stationary Alley with allow for locking of crowd gates all newone tires, trailer is intoEXCEL Adjustable Floor & Chute Head Holder 16’ Adjustable Stationary at rear allow for package, locking of two Stock 16’ Adjustable Alley 1993 Kiefer 6’8”X20’ Trailer, center gate make Exiss 7X20 with one center gate and slider to make equal for full access, 5ft swing gateat 1989 42003 Star 3Stationary Horse Rear tack, front dressing area w/ A/C & weekender enabling use for basic chute Rolling with 2 Rolling Doors With Adjustable with Rolling Door Cage Floor & Vet Alley with Rolling DoorDoor crowd gates enabling use rear, Removable posts at rear gate with slider &forslam latch, steel treadVetplat all new compartments tires, trailer is in.............................................................................................

EXCELLENT condition! ........................................... $9,975 Cage floor .................. $10,975 basic chute allow for locking of crowd gates 1993 Kiefer 6’8”X20’ Stock T 16’ Adjustable Stationary Alley ................................................................................ $10,975 enabling use for basic chute with Rolling Door gate with slider & slam latch, s 1980 Hale 6’8”x20’ w/ one gate .............................................

1993 Kiefer 6’8”X20’ Stock Trailer, one center gate to make 2Arrow compartments, rear NEW NEW Arrow Farmquip  NEW ArrowFarmquip Famrquip NEW Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow Farmquip NEWFarmquip Arrow Farmquip NEW Arrow NEW Arrow Famrquip 2003 Titan 4 Horse ..................................................................................... $10,975 Alleyway 2000V Deluxe Hydraulic Squeeze Chute gate with slider & slam latch, steel tread plat fl oor ........................................ $2,975 2000V Deluxe HydrauHydraulic Squeeze Chute Portable Alley & Quick-Catch 8400 Portable Tub, AlleyTub, & 8400 Quick-Catch minum 6’8” X 20 Chute one center gate to make two equal 1980 6’8”x20’ w/ one ga Squeeze Chute 1987 Kiefer 6’8”X20’ with one gateHale slider..............................

Stationary or Portable 8400 HYD 2000V De lic luxe Hydraulic Chute Chute Chute Stationary or PorW/Vet Cage & Head Sweep, Available in 26’ Adjustable Stationary Alley with W/VetVet Cage & Head Series Deluxe Quick -Catch Squeeze Chute With Cage & DeluxeDeluxe Portable 16’ X-Flow e with slider, one owner local trade $8,475 table 8400 Series.........................

Deluxe Portable 16’ X-Flow Tub, 1980 Hale 6’8”x20’ w/ one gate ................................................................... $1,700 Portable w/Tractor Hook Up, Tractor Hook 2 Rolling Doors Sweep, Available into Por- make two equal Squeeze ChuteTravalong With PalpNEW CageArrow Available in Portable 2004 Aluminum 6’8” X 20 Head oneSweep, center gate Farmquip Squeeze NEW Arrow Farmquip Arrow Farmquip Tub, NEW 8’8’ Alley, Quick Catch Quick-Catch Alley, Quick Catch Squeeze 1987 Kiefer 6’8”X20’ with one 16’ Adjustable Stationary Alleystal with up, Electric Motor orHook Gas Motor & Head Holder w/Tractor Hook Up,1993 Tractor table w/Tractor Hook Up, Travalong 7X16 (3) Horse w/ front dressing room, Squeeze Chute with Head Chute with Head Holder Hydraulic Squeeze Chute Portable Tub, Alley & Chute 8400 Quick-Catch Chute With Palp Cage & up, Electric Motor orGas Motor Rolling Door Tractor Hook......................... up,Recent Electric compartments, rear gate withslider.................................................... slider, one owner local trade $8,475 Holder work. service on wheel bearings, good tires ..............

Head 1987 Kiefer 6’8”X20’ with one gate $1,975 Stationary or Portable 8 400Holder HYD 2000V De luxe Hydraulic Chute Motor or Gas Motor Slant Rear Tack, rear ramp, drop down feed doors, front 1993 Travalong 7X16 (3) Hors Series Deluxe Quick-Catch Squeeze Chute With Vet Cage & Deluxe Portable 16’ X-Flow Tub, Squeeze Chute With Palp Cage Head Sweep, Available in Portable work. service m, local trade ............................................................. $9,875 1978 W W Stock Trailer, gray ..................................................

8’ Recent Alley, Quick Catch Squeeze on wheel 1993 Travalong 7X16 (3) Horse w/ front dressing room, stall dividers, lights, brakes 2001 Exiss 3 Horse Tack, rear ramp, drop & Head HolderSlant Rear w/Tractor Hook Up,down Tractor Hookfeed doors, front  Chute with Head Holder work. Recent service on wheel bearings, good tires .................................... up, Electric Motor orGas Motor $1,975 carpeted dressing room, local trade ............................................................. $9,875 1978 W W Stock Trailer, gray . / Front Tack, dressing room, carpeted nose, couch, saddle 1978 Sundowner Steel Stock Trailer 6’X16’, 1 center div slider, decent$1,475 older trailer ........................................................

1978 W W Stock Trailer, gray ........................................................................ r to mid tack, mid tack w/ saddle rack, drop down windows, 2001 Exiss 3 Horse w/ Front Tack, dressing room, carpeted nose, couch, saddle 1978 Sundowner Steel Stoc slider, decent older trailer .......

1988 Kiefer 7X20 Trailer, center divider gate w/ slider, w/ saddle rack ...................................................... $10,975 1978 Sundowner Steel Stock Trailer 6’X16’, center divider gate, rear down gate Stock w/ rack, walk through door to mid tack, mid1tack w/ saddle rack, drop windows,

45R

in well sodded native pasture. Pipeline water, two sets of improvements, with 3Âą miles of creek bottom and 460 AUMs grazing lease. This all contiguous ranch is loaded with production potential and priced to sell. A REAL VALUE ON TODAYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S MARKET!

605-791-2300 JD Hewitt 605-347-1100 Tyson Hewitt 605-206-0034 13467 Arapahoe Dr. Tanner Hewitt 605-490-7952 Piedmont, SD 57769 Dan Todd 605-280-9214 Hewittlandcompany.com Kendall Smith 605-222-6261 SALE PENDING

WILL CONSIDER BACKUP OFFERS

The HO Ranch irrigated farm located just west of Vale. SD, is one of the most well improved farm properties in the area. The property is comprised of 149.01 acres consisting of approx. 130 ac. irrigated, class I and II soils, custom built 4,352 sq. ft. home, 2008 two pre-engineered steel buildings (86x50 & 99x40), barn (136x42) and 2013 pivot irrigation system.

The property is being offered either in its entirety priced at $1,050,000.

OR Purchase the 109 acres (98.6 irrigated acres) class I and II soils, 2013 pivot irrigation system, with loafing shed and free flowing spring fed tank. Piced at $450,000

40 +/ - acres located on the edge of the Northern Hills close to Sturgis and Whitewood, SD. Property ha s well maintained county road access and power available nearby with several building site s support in g simultaneous views of the Hills and Bear Butte . To top it off, a small stream runs through the property. Additional acreage available for purchase . Priced at $280 ,000 (Possible CFD, may divide )

NEW LISTING: Located northeast of Newell, SD this 320+/- acre parcel is close to town and near Hwy 212. It is comprised of 268 acre tillable, with 153 acres of irrigation water through the Belle Fourche irrigation district. The property has been in winter wheat production and is ready for your cropping program. Income on this property is just around the corner! Priced to sell at $576,000.

Outstanding Business Opportunity in the Newell South Dakota Area Newell Service Center was created in 2011 and has grown its Market Share through great customer service along with the increase in North Dakota Oil Activity. Offering includes Steel Building with 4 Shop Bays, Bathroom, Office, Sales Lobby, Storage Rooms, 2 Bedroom Living Quarters. Equipment, and computer systems pertinent to running the business are included in the sale. Regular course of business includes: Vehicle/Tractor Repair, Tire Sales/Service, Parts Sales. Tremendous access on a corner lot along Main Street just a few blocks from the junction of US Highways 212 and 79. Call Tyson or Tanner For Pricing

Haakon County Farmland, Philip SD: Located in eastern Haakon County is this 320+/- acre parcel of highly productive cropland. The property is comprised mostly of nearly level Ottumwa loam soils with easy access. Spring 2014 possession is still possible. Priced to sell at $640,000