Phases of Teaching Understanding the Stages of Effective Education

Teaching is a complex process. It consists of many practices that teachers have to perform. Teaching is the basis of economic, social, political, and family life. Teaching has evolved through the decades. Teaching methods, phases, and practices have modernised education. Today, education is all about student focus and independent learning. Technological advancements assist in incorporating various teaching phases in the educational process. Teaching consists of different stages to make learning more effective. Philip W. Jackson has divided effective teaching into three phases: pre-active, interactive, and post-active.

This article will first consider the phases of teaching. This article will outline the different stages of teaching in detail. Secondly, this article will suggest the phases of microteaching. Lastly, this article will include the application of ICT in education, considering the teaching phases.

Phases of teaching

In the 1960s, Philip W. Jackson introduced the phases of teaching to make learning more effective. Teaching needs systematic planning to be effective. Teachers share their knowledge and insights to develop the skills of their students.

Stages of teaching

The concept of teaching is about sharing, telling, and demonstrating information. There are three variables in the teaching process.

1. The independent variables. The teacher is the independent variable that helps the students learn. The teacher plans and organises the lesson. He offers insights and makes a change in the learning experience of the students.

2. The intervening variables. This variable consists of the learning experience. In this stage, the teacher and the student interact during the learning process. The teacher conveys demonstrations, presentations and activities to students.

3. The dependent variables. Students are the dependent variables who dependent on their teachers to learn. Students should follow the instructions from their teachers to develop their learning abilities.

Jackson has introduced three phases of teaching.

1. Pre-active

2. Interactive

3. Post-active

What are the phases of teaching?

The teacher should understand that teaching happens before, during, and after class. Below we will discuss the teaching phases.

The pre-active phase of teaching (Planning).

This stage happens before class. The teacher prepares reading materials, tasks, and activities to follow up on in the classroom. The teacher considers possible outcomes when planning activities for the students. In this phase, teachers set objectives while considering student behaviour. Then the teacher decides how to achieve these objectives based on the school curriculum. For example, select the subject matter, the presentation of the contents, and the methodology. The teacher should also address issues in the learning process and make plans to discuss them with students and parents.

The interactive phase of teaching (Implementation).

This stage includes the performance of the students in class. The teacher executes the plans made in the pre-active phase. This is a crucial stage, as all the teaching interactions happen here. The teacher provides explanations and questions for the students. Then he listens to their replies and offers guidance.

When entering the class, teachers should identify students who understand the contents easily. They should identify those with learning difficulties and even troublemakers. The teacher should also collaborate with the student’s previous knowledge of the discussed contents.

The interaction between teacher and student is crucial at this stage. Teachers demonstrate the contents to stimulate inquiries and responses. Teachers will know the behaviours of their students based on the information presented. Feedback is essential at this stage. Moreover, teachers may change plans based on the follow-up in the classroom. There may be student issues that need attention at the time.

The post-active phase of teaching (Evaluation).

In the post-active stage, teachers evaluate the outcomes of the teaching process. They identify learning difficulties in specific areas and make plans to assist learning. The post-active phase consists of tasks and activities. Teachers evaluate the knowledge intake of students through questions, homework, tests, or quizzes.

The teachers alter the evaluation techniques based on student behaviour and reaction. The evaluation techniques should evolve for effective results. Feedback at this stage is crucial for better learning outcomes.

The phases of microteaching

Micro-teaching is an innovative procedure that reinforces teachers with the necessary teaching skills for classroom performance and behaviour. This procedure places a trainee teacher in a small class of students to train student teaching skills. The duration of training is limited to a few minutes at a time. The trainees should exercise only one skill at a time.Phases of Teaching

The process of microteaching consists of six steps.

1. Plan. The trainer provides the skill to be demonstrated. The trainee teacher makes a short lesson plan to practice that skill.

2. Teach. The trainee is put in a small class and teaches the lesson with an appointed supervisor.

3. Observation-Feedback. The supervisor provides feedback on the skill to the trainee. He highlights inconsistencies and suggests ways to make performance better.

4. Replan. The trainee should replan the lesson to practice the skill more effectively.

5. Reteach. The trainee is put back in a different small class to reteach.

6. Re-feedback. The supervisor gives feedback once more to the trainee. This cycle can continue several times to perfect the desired skills.