THE CRUST - ISSUE #14

The

CEO

H

ello, dear readers, and welcome to November’s issue of THE CRUST! As we approach the end of the year, the world finds itself in numerous problems in terms of global stability. While conflict still rages in Ukraine, a similar situation is happening in the Middle East. El Niño is currently underway, adding unpredictable dynamics to the ongoing crops. The traditional cadence of seasons has also been disrupted, another evidence of climate change’s profound impact on the delicate balance of nature.

In these times, farmers can only hope that all of these events

CHIEF EDITOR OVERVIEW

Photo source : The CRUST

won’t disturb the industry further.

Last month, I had the chance to meet other young farmers from Thailand in an event organized by USGC to help from a youth organization there similar to PMI. There, we hung out, discussed the shrimp industry’s current state, and exchanged ideas. However, the response from the local participants was not as expected. We met plenty of pessimism among the young farmers at the event.

It is heartbreaking to hear this from the young generation, who should’ve had much hope for the future. And in this aging industry, we surely need more younger people to take part to ensure succession and the industry’s sustainability.

One of the problems that they mentioned was how unsupportive the government is right now. I believe this problem is not isolated in just Thailand but in many other countries worldwide.

Despite its stellar production, Ecuador has to face security issues that threaten the safety of the operation and the workers. Then

we have India, which is heavily regulated for its operation, going so far as putting a ceiling on stocking density and dictating the ways a hatchery should operate. Even Indonesia has a problem with its various red tape and inconsistent regulations.

The government and its regulations are vital for the success and the continuation of an industry in each country.

Even an effort that has good intentions can sometimes backfire, such as the current legal action faced by shrimp-producing countries regarding anti-dumping practices. It is important for the government to go down and listen to the practitioners and business owners to know what challenges they are facing, instead of staying on their high horse and thinking that they know everything. The right governmental action can be the catalyzing factor that can elevate the industry to the next level. On the contrary, a government that creates unsupportive regulation might see its once bustling industry plummet in time.

I recently met with Dr. Albert Tacon in our PMI quarterly meeting, one of the most renowned aquafeed nutritionists of this time. There, he re-

minded me that there is something noble in producing food.

He made it his life mission to help provide more food to the people. But he adds that this has to be done efficiently, using ingredients that aren’t used for human consumption.

He reminded us that we must be part of the solution, not the problem. And this goal can only be achieved if the whole stakeholders, including the farmers, innovate and be more sustainable.

We farmers play a big part in fulfilling this honorable goal.

Yes, we might be just a simple farmer, and yes, we are doing this to make a profit. But we are also increasing the world’s food supply and hopefully helping end world hunger. So, to any farmers who are disheartened by the challenges they encounter nowadays, remember that you are helping make the world a better place.

THE CRUST - RIZKY

Rizky Darmawan Chief Editor

Issue 14 | Nov -2023

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ART ICLE

A

grand fisheries event was again held in one of the countries with the largest aquaculture in the world, China. The event is Aquaculture China 2023 which is part of the China Fisheries and Seafood Expo (CFSE) exhibition which took place in Qingdao, Hongdao International Convention and Exhibition Center, China on October 25-27, 2023. This exhibition is one of the largest seafood trade fairs in the world and it is able to attract more than 35.000 seafood industry’s professionals from all over the world. CFSE exhibits a variety of cutting-edge technologies and

products in the fields of aquaculture, fisheries, seafood, food and beverage, food processing, manufacturing, packaging to printing.

In its 26th edition, CFSE was attended by 986 exhibitors from 88 countries in the world. All of them were accommodated in 14 exhibition halls, 50 meeting rooms, and an exhibition hall of 140,000 m2. The main theme of this year was CFSE Global Marketplace, Connect Seafood and People.

Indonesian Young Farmers (PMI), as the organization that consists of young farmers in Indonesia, also attended this year’s event. Gemilang Lim conveyed that six people from PMI members visited CFSE 2023. According to him, CFSE makes it easy for visitors to get information about the vannamei shrimp market situation in

DENNY LEONARDO

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Issue 14 | Nov -2023

China, where the locals prefer to call it the whiteleg shrimp.

Chinese Market Dominated by Ecuador

Gemilang found that the vannamei shrimp market in China was dominated by Ecuador, this assessment is based on discussions between his team and many shrimp buyers at the event. The main reasons are none other than Ecuadorian shrimp have a cheaper price and can keep up with the specific demands itself. “The specific demand here means that they can meet the specification details requested by the Chinese market,” he explained.

According to Gemilang, the quality of Ecuadorian shrimp is currently a benchmark for the Chinese market at large. While he assessed, Indonesia has not been able to dominate the shrimp market in China, even though we have the potential.

“And currently you could say Indonesia is only a small sup-

INDON TO EN SHRIM plier for the Chinese market,” he said.

Denny Leonardo, another PMI member who was also present at CFSE, assessed that there are many countries with fishing fleets and shrimp farming that have technology and professionalism superior to Indonesia. “Like Thailand, Japan, Korea, and several western countries. Indonesia is very limited because of the regulations from the Government, “said Denny.

Even so, Denny believes that someday Indonesia can take a larger portion in the Chinese market. Price constraints are still one of the obstacles to compete with Ecuador. He considered that one of the things that makes Ecuadorian shrimp so attractive to the Chinese market is because shrimp from Ecuador have been fully certified and come from integrated companies so that quality has been guaranteed. “Plus it’s cheap,” Denny quipped.

NESIA’S OPPORTUNITY NLIVEN CHINA’S MP MARKET Preparing to Enter the Chinese Market

Access to Premium Domestic Markets

Another uniqueness of the Chinese shrimp market, revealed by Denny, is their fondness for HOSO shrimp only, namely Heads On Shell On, aka shrimp in whole form. This method of harvesting shrimp is believed to be able to maintain the taste and texture of the shrimp itself. He also added that in China, local farmers can access the domestic premium market. Where farmers can carry out super-intensive cultivation with RAS technology with a fairly high cost of production

in winter. Even so, because it is close to the market, the margin obtained will be quite stable and can cover high production costs. “What is being done by the Chinese shrimp farmer was similar to what had been done by shrimp farmers in Korea,” he explained.

Denny believes that Indonesia really needs to improve the competitiveness of the fishery products. Of course, government support is needed to support existing stakeholders.

“Government should not make rules that will limit the growth potential of the fisheries business in Indonesia,” he said.

THE CRUST - HK, GL Photo source : The CRUST

As reported by CFSE (www. cfse-live.com) on (12/10), Ecuador can be strong as it is today because they choose to increase stocking density from 8 to 15 heads per square meter.

They also limit the further increase to ensure good habitat for shrimp. Ecuador also introduced a series of shrimp feed mills in the 2010s, which in fact helped Ecuadorian farmers increase shrimp growth rates from 1.1 to 2.5 grams per week.

In terms of cultivation area, according to Denny, Ecuador have a total of 220,000 hectares of shrimp cultivation area, with an average annual production of 4.5 tons of shrimp per hectare, or even higher. China is the largest consumer of shrimp from Ecuador. As much as 61%

of total shrimp exports are exported to China, while 17% of it are exported to European countries, and 16% of it are exported to the United States.

Reflecting on this, Gemilang is optimistic that Indonesia can get a larger market share in China. To make this happen, farmers need to try to meet Chinese demand according to the shrimp specifications they are requesting. China, according to Gemilang, is very specific about the color of shrimp. The Chinese market really likes the color of shrimp which is light green or called A1 color and dark black or called A4 color.

In addition to color, the Chinese market is also very specific about the quality of shrimp hepatopancreas. “They want the condition of the hepatopancreas to be intact, not broken,” he explained.

From Denny’s point of view, in order for shrimp from Indonesia to be accepted by the Chinese market, the processing

factories and shrimp farmers need to be more integrated.

The harvesting system must be adjusted, using the chill killing harvesting method or it can also be dry harvesting. In addition, farmers must also certify to follow the standards in China.

GEMILANG LIM

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FISH SCHOOL

CAUTION: SHRIMP FARMING

DID YOU KNOW?

ORP Understanding oxydation and reduction potential value in your ponds helps you know either your microbiological process is doing well or bad, it also let you know the sterilization process works effecitvely.

EHP SPORES

Your desinfectant application should be dosed based on your TOM concentration. This will helps your sterilization efficacy and saves you some money.

Using staining method and good microscope, you can find EHP spore as soon as PL 5. This early detection can prevent you from starting a bad cycle.

To alert you and your team when the power goes off. Especially useful at night, have an action plan and recovery system in-place to limit the downtime from power cut to aeration being fully restored. Keep a log-book of power outages to help plan for future cycles and understand the real cost to your team.

To steralise your water effectively while keeping costs low, you need to adjust your dose to the TOM or ORP levels in your pond. Especially where using oxidative disinfectants, TOM will increase the dose and retention time required to achieve a sterile environment.

This will vary for every disinfection protocol and chemical mix.

EHP spores can be seen under a microscope using 1000 magnification (100x in objective lens) and Phloxine B staining chemical. DELOS can help provide this chemical is you cannot access it easily. Using visual observation you can diagnose EHP presence before symptom on-set, allowing time to plan ahead.

DISEASE PREVALENCE

HAPPA/BABY BOX

COUNT & PROFIT MAXIMISATION

Using happa at your stocking activity helps you to calculate your early actual survival rate better.

This will saves you up to 30 days of wasted day of culture.

Understand the good price of each shrimp size prior to preparing a cycle so it can help you made better harvest plan and maximize your profits.

A happa or baby box is a net, cage or box where newly stocked PL are kept, counted and observed for their quality and health. By counting every day or occasionally over the first 5 to 15 days, we can estimate the population health and the PL quality upon stocking. Share this data back to your hatchery partner to help them too.

Boost your profit margins by understanding your fixed and incurred costs, risk of mortality and the harvest prices available. To help you plan ahead as your traders or DELOS for their price preductions (it may not be perfect but they’ll know if things are going up or down).

Leaving your ponds several minutes in blackout condition could cause mass mortality. Why not install one to let you know when the power is off, even better an automatic turn on switch!

Oxidising Reduction Potential, is the oxidation potential of your pond system. Each farm is different, set your aeration, siphoning, disinfection and carrying capacity to ORP levels so you know when to act and when your ponds oxidative potential is being overwhelmed by the biomass or conditions in your ponds.

HATCHERY DISEASE

When receiving your PL, we advise checking the PL 8 with QPCR for 4 pathogen to ensure the PL you receive are pathogen free. DELOS detects pathogen 20% of the time from hatcheries.

Based on our experience using <10% prevalence is the best way to represent the pathogen status of your ponds.

When testing for pathogen before symptom appear, 1 out of 6 samples will be positive. This means that if taking only one sample per pond, you’re highly likely to diseases in their early stages. The later in DOC, or the more severe the symptoms then lower prevelance can be used.

More than 20% of PL shipments to DELOS have contained pathogen. To detect this we use QPCR at PL 7 and QPCR or GENICS at PL 10. This testing regime gives us the optimal chance to detect pathogen with the lowest cost and risk during the cycle. When a positive result is detected, we work closely with the hatchery to avoid losses.

HIGH RISK WATER

PATHOGEN MAPPING

Good waste water treatment plan management can avoid you from internal pathogen spread and make your environment more sustainable.

Understanding your risk of pathogen before starting a cultivation, can helps you prepare a better action plan.

At DELOS we map pathogen across every farm we work with, by measuring areas inside and outside of the ponds. Our research has shown this exercise helps us target biosecurity risks, disinfection gaps and re-plan water movement and treatments within the farm. We test crabs, sludge, water, shrimp and molluscs.

For optimal biosecurity treat your farm like it has high risk, and low risk zones. High risk zones limit movement of people, equipment and animals to prevent pathogen spreading to low risk zones. High risk zones are: the ocean, tandons, reservoirs and any ponds positive for disease. You may need to have multiple high risk zones.

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Issue 14 | Nov -2023

CO-INFECTION DELOS found that 70% of the PCR samples have more than 2 disease occured in the sampe ponds. Using multiplex PCR method will helps you detect various pathogen in one test.

70% of QPCR results positive for any disease show ponds typically have 2 or more diseases in the same pond.

While you only observe symptoms of one pathogen, we have proven that for many farms co-infection is present and is likley accelerating the symptoms and complexity of disease management.

Keen to learn more?

Contact DELOS for help and insights.

contact@delosaqua.com

Intan Chandra Dewi

THE CRUST - DELOS

TOM AND STERALISATION

Photo source : DELOS

POWERCUT ALARM

Protect your profits

Mitigate risk through mycotoxin deactivation In addition to rising feed costs, mycotoxins further impact profitability by impairing growth performance and health status. The risk is never zero.

Mycotoxin risk management is the insurance policy to secure feed quality and safety, whilst optimizing productivity.

Reduced risk

Increased productivity and efficiency

Sustainable production

If not us, who? If not now, when?

WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE

www.dsm.com/anh Follow us on:

ART ICLE

MYCOTOXI

T

he sustainability issue of fishmeal as a primary protein component in feed has led to the exploration of plant-based protein alternatives. However, opting for these alternatives raises new concerns about the risk of mycotoxin contamination in plantbased raw materials, which can be detrimental to cultivated species like vannamei shrimp.

Erwin Suwendi, head nutritionist of Suri Tani Pemuka, explains that mycotoxins are toxic chemical compounds produced by molds (fungus), primarily found in grains and oilseeds, which will appear at adequate moisture and appropriate temperature.

“The fungus produces mycotoxins for reasons that we do

not yet fully understand. Perhaps the mycotoxins function as insecticides in fighting against plant defense against the fungus, or maybe they assist the fungus in some way to compete in their ecological niche in nature,” Erwin says to The Crust.

He adds that grains and oilseeds intended for use in feed are often contaminated during harvesting, processing, and storage. Additionally, inadequate storage conditions, such as high humidity, lack of proper ventilation to keep stored materials dry, and excessive cooling leading to condensation, contribute to mycotoxin growth in feed.

Mycotoxin Effects on Shrimp

So far, over a thousand dif-

ferent mycotoxins and fungal substances have been discovered. These compounds have the potential to affect the health and performance of farm animals, including those in aquaculture. They can make these animals more susceptible to diseases caused by other pathogens, decreasing productivity and efficiency and ultimately affecting profitability.

Lorran B. Gabardo, Regional Product Manager Manager Asia-Pacific at dsm-firmenich, says that shrimps are highly sensitive to mycotoxins, and these toxins can have numerous health effects. For instance, aflatoxins, known as the most toxic and cancer-causing mycotoxins, notably affect the physiology of the hepatopancreas. They cause abnormal development, tissue changes, lesions during early life stages,

Photo source : The CRUST, doc Erwin Suwendi, doc AnnelieseMueller, doc Lorran Gabardo

ls of FUM Low/Moderate leve atrophic cause FUM causes changes and vacuolization pancreas in shrimp hepato d growth and leading to reduce increased performance, and ity disease susceptibil al 2008) (Mexia-Salazar et

Anneliese Mueller Lorran Gabardo Issue 14 | Nov -2023

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Erwin Suwendi

Albert Tacon

and alterations in the hemolymph in later stages. Severe cases can lead to reduced survival rates.

Aflatoxins are associated not only with direct hepatopancreas pathology but also with immune suppression and an increase in disease susceptibility. Effects on the immune system have further been reported for deoxynivalenol and fumonisins. In addition to the adverse health effects during the shrimp production cycle, research has shown that exposure to mycotoxins such as fumonisins can result in changes in muscle fibers, leading to a reduction in the final product quality in terms of texture and palatability.

Meanwhile, Anneliese Müller, product manager at dsm-firmenich, highlights that mycotoxin exposure in aquaculture not only affects cultivation species but also poses risks to profitability and food safety for consumers.

“Additionally, particularly concerning aflatoxins and ochratoxins, implications for consumers involve the risk of mycotoxin carry-over and its impact on the final product

INS IN YOUR SHRIMPS quality. The ingestion of these toxins can result in residues in edible tissues.” Anneliese says

Preventing Mycotoxin

Applying Anti Mycotoxin Additive

Lorran and Anneliese emphasize that when shrimp are affected by mycotoxins from their diet, it becomes crucial to promptly adjust the inclusion

rate of mycotoxin deactivators. If possible, identifying and tracking the sources with the highest mycotoxin levels and replacing them with superior-quality raw ingredients is essential.

To mitigate mycotoxin effects, Albert G. J. Tacon, founder of AquaHana LLC., recommends that the aquafeed industry adopt mycotoxin binders, akin to practices in the poultry sector. This step is crucial because the adverse effects of mycotoxins in the aquaculture industry could compress margins, leading to additional costs of USD 5 billion per year.

In addition, in a study conducted by dsm-firmenich, an anti-mycotoxin additive (Mycofix® PRO-tect) was successfully used to significantly increase survival rate and FCR of vannamei. In this study, vannamei were exposed to only moderate levels of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone as well as some emerging mycotoxins as enniatins and beauvericin).

Protection and thus improved performance was due to the combination of two components: a mineral adsorbent to efficiently bind adsorbable mycotoxins (enniatins) and natural ingredients (bioprotection mix) to support the health and functionality of the hepatopancreas, the immune system, and the

Issue 14 | Nov -2023

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gastrointestinal barrier when mycotoxins are present.

Results underline that presence of already moderate levels of mycotoxins can negatively affect vannamei. Further, that animals are most of the time not only exposed to one mycotoxin, but several co-occurring mycotoxins, which can enhance negative effects. This underline the importance to protect shrimp from the adverse effects of mycotoxins, thus supporting the profitability of shrimp farming.

THE CRUST - AB, RIZKY

Understanding the risks associated with mycotoxins, feed mills have specific procedures to prevent their presence in raw feed materials and finished feed products. According to Erwin, a quick test for aflatoxin in corn involves screening crumbled corn kernels under UV light in a dark room setup. Contaminated corn is indicated by illuminating green colors, allowing estimation of contamination levels in parts per billion (ppb) per weight of corn screened.

“Another method commonly used in our lab to detect various mycotoxin contaminations such as aflatoxin (AFL), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM), and zearalenone (ZEA) in both raw materials and finished feed products is through the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The most sophisticated and powerful technique for identifying and simultaneously determining a wide range of secondary fungal contaminants involves using liquid chromatography coupled with

multiple-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MSn).” Erwin says.

Anneliese also explains that avoiding completely the presence of mycotoxins in the feed is challenging. She adds that another method to tackle mycotoxin contamination in feed involves incorporating mycotoxin deactivators according to your specific challenges to guarantee the avoidance of mycotoxin negative effects.

These additives counteract mycotoxin through several modes of action, such as absorption, biotransformation, and protection. These products are added to the feed to bind toxins in the gastrointestinal tract of fish/ shrimp during digestion, reducing or even eliminating the availability of toxins. However, the effectiveness of mycotoxin binding greatly relies on the molecular and physical properties of the sorbent, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the targeted mycotoxins.

WET MARKET

STATE OF THE THAI Party 2 SHRIMP INDUSTRY TODAY

I

n our previous article, we looked at the state of the Thai shrimp industry & how it has declined steadily through the years.

In this article, we explore the different mar­ kets that the Thai shrimp industry exports to. As mentioned previously, as much as 80% of farmed Thai shrimp is exported. To­ day we look at the 3 major markets the Thai shrimp industry services, their strengths & weaknesses & how each has an effect on the industry.

Thai shrimp exports can be broadly categorised into 3 main markets. The US (33%), Japan (24%), China (13.62%). First & foremost is the US market. The US market is chiefly characterised by their affinity for peeled shrimp. Most Americans do not like having to take the shell of the shrimp. For years, this has been the principal market for shrimp exporters around the world (with the exception of Ecuador who has always preferred to do head on, shell on shrimp, HOSO, to China). Thailand started this in the late 1980’s when the trend went from head­ less shell on (HLSO) to peeled shrimp. Back then, peeled shrimp was considered “value added” shrimp in the US. Because of Thai­ land’s skilled labour force, they were able to dominate the market for a good 20 odd years. This was back in the days when India & Indonesia were still doing black tiger & did not want to convert to vannamei. Even when the 2 countries converted, there was still a large percentage of exporters who preferred to exclusively do HLSO shrimp.

In the 1980’s & 1990’s, the US market

was predominantly filled with HLSO shrimp in a 4lb block format. For the longest time this was the format the market was used to as the Mexican shrimp & domestic shrimp caught in the Gulf of Mexico was frozen in that format. It was convenient for the pack­ er but for the consumer, it was a pain as ev­ erytime someone wanted to make a shrimp dish, they had to defrost almost 2 kilos of shrimp. Not exactly ideal for small families & home style cooking. Hence in the 1990’s when shrimp began to be imported, pack­ ers began exporting shrimp in an IQF for­ mat. Already peeled. As you can imagine, this gave a great deal of convenience to the customer. One only had to take a handful of shrimp out of the packet, defrost what was needed & place the rest in the freezer.

Greatly reduces wastage.

Once this new format of IQF peeled shrimp came in, shrimp sales in the US rocketed. It is estimated that the con­ sumption of shrimp in the US moved from 20,000MT in 1980 to about 1,000,000MT in 2022. An almost 50 fold increase in 40 years. Yet shrimp still maintained its status as a “luxury” product..Restaurants would serve it as a “cocktail” shrimp with sauce.

Costs came down but margins remained high in the US. The US was widely consi­ dered to be the “best” market for shrimp.

With peeled shrimp, packers do not have to take the best care of shrimp during the harvesting process, they could (to a rea­ sonable degree) abuse the shrimp, put less ice, soak the shrimp in water during transport, pump the shrimp with chemi­ cals during processing. This is attributed to the American preference for “crunchy” shrimp versus anything that has any taste.

THE CRUST - MIDA

Shrimp was generally used as a platform to eat cocktail sauce. In addition, the strength of the American economy would mean that packers got paid, paid well, & paid on time.

Other markets that did not have the finan­ cial power of the US were usual suspect back in the 1990’s & early 2000’s.

When Vannamei farming became main­ stream in the early 2000’s, other countries naturally wanted a share of the pie. A cha­ racteristic of the American market is that it was enormously flexible. Importers to take all the different size ranges for different purposes. Even when packers wanted to sell a single size, there would be importers willing to take 10 containers. This is in vast contrast to Europe where importers could only take a single container with a few dif­ ferent sizes with labelling in 5­6 langua­ ges. A pain to do. Thai’s proves remarkably resilient however despite the competition.

With the Indians & Indonesians focusing on price, Thai’s took a stance the Thai’s took which has paid off even until this date. Thai shrimp still commands a premium over other origins due to its reputation.

The good days did not last forever though. EMS took a significant toll on the Thai shrimp industry. With production vo­ lumes going down, prices sky rocketed.

There began to come to a period in 2013 where shrimp was so expensive many restaurants took it off the menu. Things have recovered since then. In fact things are going the other way. When the slum­ ping shrimp prices in 2022 right up till now, plenty of people can afford it. Then ques­ tion now is why demand has been so soft.

Certainly Thailand is no slouch in terms of production but it’s just been so wildly over taken by Indian & Ecuador (and even Indonesia) that prices to the US market are no longer competitive. Peeled shrimp from once being a value added item is now a commodity with everyone able to do it.

In next instalment, we look at the Chinese & Japanese markets for Thai shrimp.

Issue 14 | Nov ­2023

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EFFORTS TO INSPIRE YOUNG SHRIMP FARMERS IN THAILAND

ART ICLE

Issue 14 | Nov ­2023

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T

he U.S. Grains Council re­ cently held a seminar on aquaculture, which took place on October 31, 2023, at the Sheraton Grande Sukhum­ vit in Bangkok, Thailand. This time, they focused on the theme “Thai Next­Gen Aqua­ culturists,” which was expected to become a platform for the younger generation to catalyze the next phase of growth for aquaculture in Thailand.

The seminar also featured young participants from diffe­ rent countries who brought in­ teresting topics. For example, Caleb Wurth, Regional Director of the U.S. Grains Council in Malaysia, delivered an introduc­ tion to the U.S. Grains Council and discussed the succession plan for developing the next ge­ neration of aquaculture profes­ sionals. Christopher Tan from MIDA Trade Ventures discussed shrimp aquaculture and mar­ ket outlook. Chodpipat Limlert­ vatee from LK Farm presented on shrimp aquaculture in Thai­

land at that time. Punyaphan Klykoom from Vriens & Part­ ners talked about the process of developing a national indus­ try organization. Benedict Tan from Hatch Blue presented on innovation, start­ups, and investments in sustainable aquaculture. Niran Warin from Aqua Spark discussed the role of startups and key observa­ tions in promoting sustainable aquaculture in Thailand. Repre­ sentatives from young farmers in Indonesia, Rizky Darmawan & Denny Leonardo, discussed shrimp aquaculture in Indone­ sia and the formation of PMI

Challenges of the Young Farmers Association

Specifically, this USGC seminar addressed the theme of the young farmers asso­ ciation in Thailand. Through this seminar, young farmers in Thailand were encouraged to organize themselves to be more enthusiastic, active, and involved in the industry. This is to ensure the sustainability of the industry because without proper succession planning, the industry could end with the

previous generation.

The Young Farmers Asso­ ciation of Indonesia serves as one of the role models and in­ spirations for the formation of Thai Next­Gen Aquaculturists.

The Chairman of the Young Farmers Association of Indo­ nesia, Rizky Darmawan, ex­ pressed his appreciation for the USGC’s efforts in organizing this event. He stated that the event was presented in an en­ gaging manner, which attracted young farmers from various re­ gions in Thailand to participate.

During one of the discussion sessions among young farmers in Thailand, it was discovered that they were reluctant to es­ tablish their own associations.

The main reason is that there are already many existing trade associations in Thailand. “In fact, there is at least one as­ sociation in each province in Thailand. Unfortunately, these associations are not united, and each has its own agendas and events,” explained Rizky. Ano­ ther reason, according to Rizky, is that “many young farmers feel that this industry no longer has potential, so they only focus on maintaining what already exists and seek opportunities outside of this industry.”

Rizky acknowledged that a similar situation had occurred in Indonesia. Therefore, he and the members of the Young Farmers Association of Indone­ sia are striving to change this mindset by demonstrating the potential profitability and sus­ tainability of shrimp cultivation in various ways. This includes maintaining solidarity among farmers, creating educational forums, increasing investment, and introducing technologies that can enhance productivity in cultivation.

Another challenge, accord­ ing to Rizky, is how to unite the young farmers. “The leadership style preferred by the young­ er generation is quite diffe­ rent from the past. In the past, leadership was heavily focused on hierarchy and seniority, but young people now prefer lead­ ing by example and inclusivity,” he emphasized.

their aquaculture industry. He also emphasizes that it is time to change the image of this in­ dustry from just being farmers to an industry with the potential to become a large­scale enter­ prise. “To attract the interest of Gen Z, there needs to be a clear vision and mission, as well as the potential to grow into some­ thing big. This is where the role of the government becomes crucial, both in terms of regula­ tions and economic incentives.

In this fast­paced era, convolu­ ted processes and lengthy pro­ cedures will diminish the en­ thusiasm and interest of young people,” he firmly states.

He also suggests the im­

portance of showcasing the potential of cultivation in terms of profit and growth to build companies that can become even bigger. “That’s why, in my opinion, what Benedict Tan and Niran Warin shared was very interesting because they ex­ plained clearly about how to at­ tract investment and grow your business by accessing funds,” says Rizky.

Denny Leonardo adds that aside from investment, young farmers must also continuously innovate through the develop­ ment of cultivation technolo­ gies. The decrease in margins and the challenges in cultiva­ tion require young farmers to

explore new systems that are more efficient and precise.

“Additionally, young farmers nowadays need to be more collaborative and open up op­ portunities for cooperation with other parties that can benefit this industry,” concludes Denny.

THE CRUST - UTE, DENNY

Issue 14 | Nov ­2023

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Prove the Potential of Aquaculture Industry

the potential of shrimp cul­ tivation and other aquaculture industries, according to Riz­ ky, there needs to be govern­ ment intervention as well. He hopes that other countries can demonstrate the potential of

Photo source : The CRUST

HIGH ON HEIGHTS

M

ountain climbing and free solo climbing represent two sides of the same coin in the realm of adventurous pursuits. These activities, steeped in both exhilaration and risk, draw enthusiasts seeking the ultimate thrill in conquering majestic peaks and steep rock faces. While the allure of these sports lies in the sheer joy of ascent, the fine line between ecstasy and peril is a constant companion for those who dare to embrace the challenge.

The Fun:

The Danger:

Balancing Act:

Mountain climbing is a celebration of human tenacity and the indomitable spirit to reach new heights. Whether tackling the towering peaks of the Himalayas or navi­ gating the craggy terrains of the Rockies, climbers experience a unique communion with nature. The panoramic vistas, crisp mountain air, and the sense of accom­ plishment that accompanies each ascent contribute to the sheer joy that mountain climbing imparts.

Free solo climbing, on the other hand, elevates the experience to a more intimate level. Stripping away the safety nets of ropes and harnesses, climbers engage in a dance with the rock itself. The freedom of movement, unencumbered by gear, allows for a heightened connection with the moun­ tain. The absence of equipment becomes a form of liberation, turning the climb into a personal exploration of limits and capabili­ ties.

While the fun in mountain and free solo climbing is undeniable, the inherent dangers are equally apparent. The unpre­ dictable nature of weather, treacherous terrains, and the risk of avalanches pose constant threats in traditional mountain climbing. Each ascent demands meticulous planning, technical skill, and mental forti­ tude to navigate the challenges and uncer­ tainties that nature throws at climbers.

Free solo climbing, by its very definition, amplifies the danger. Scaling cliffs without the safety of ropes demands unwavering focus and precision. The tiniest misstep or lapse in concentration can result in catas­ trophic consequences. The thin line bet­ ween success and tragedy makes free solo climbing an adrenaline­fueled pursuit that only the most skilled and mentally resilient dare to undertake.

Pursue your passion with prudence! As climbers revel in the thrill of ascent, the key lies in striking a delicate balance bet­ ween fun and danger. Rigorous training, experience, and adherence to safety pro­ tocols are paramount in mitigating risks.

Respect for the environment, knowledge of one’s limits, and a deep understanding of the chosen terrain are crucial elements in the pursuit of both enjoyment and safety.

Mountain climbing and free solo climb­ ing, with their inherent duality, captivate the adventurous spirit. The joy of conquering new heights and the intimate connection with nature are powerful motivators. Yet, the ever­present dangers underscore the need for responsible and calculated ap­ proaches to ensure that the pursuit of thrill does not come at the expense of safety.

In the end, whether scaling peaks with a team or ascending sheer rock walls alone, climbers find themselves on a journey where the balance between fun and da­ nger shapes an unforgettable adventure. It is in this delicate equilibrium that the true essence of these pursuits is discovered—a testament to human courage and the ir­ resistible call of the wild.

So, the next time you’re tired of the sea, try visiting a mountain nearby. It might be a change of scenery or the escape you are looking for. Whether you decided to go on a relaxed stroll or a adrenaline­fueled climb, just remember to be careful!

THE CRUST - RIZKY

Issue 14 | Nov ­2023

13

effects 1 Bactericidal (AMPs)

1

2 Maintain a healthy

2

3 Amino acids for boost the

3

digestive system

immune system

4 Good for absorption of

Lauric Acid as natural antimicrobials 43.13% Lauric Acid

Stimulant effect (easily penetrates mitochondria bacteria)

absorbed and 4 Easily oxidized to energy

calcium, hormone production and enzymes, and growth

the rate of shrimp 5 Increase survival

5

Suppress growth bacteria Vibrio spp. Harm

1 Decomposing the remaining organic matter of the feed into free nitrogen for growing

2

excess of the shrimp digestive system

3

feed for shrimp

4

are more resistant to digestive infections

5 6 7

DISTIBUTOR: PT. PANJUNJUNG ALAM LESTARI OFFICE PARK 2, JL. BUKIT DARMO BOULEVARD NO.18, PRADAHKALIKENDAL, SURABAYA, KOTA SBY, JAWA TIMUR 60226 CONTACT NUMBER : +62 822-8206-6429

PT. SARANA ALAM SUBUR JL. TEUKU UMAR NO.62B, KOTA TINGGI, KEC. PEKANBARU KOTA KOTA PEKANBARU, RIAU 28155 CONTACT NUMBER : +62 812-8528-8918

www.biocycleindo.com

+ 62 813 8851 2771

info@biocycleindo.com

CONT Denny Leonardo Shrimp is love Shrimp is life

Rizky Darmawan The more I know, the more I realize how little I understand.

So stay humble and keep on learning.

Gemilang Lim

My secret to joy in life is in finding balance.

Balance in family, sweating, and making decisions.

T S U R IN C RUST WE T

TACT

Contact Us admin@pmindo.com Rosebay Unit A101, Graha Famili, Blok W, Pradahkalikendal, Kec. Dukuhpakis Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60227, Indonesia

Cover art by Al - Ad