THE CRUST - ISSUE #11

CEO

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CHIEF EDITOR OVERVIEW

elcome, dear readers, to August’s edition of THE CRUST. This month’s issue will be one of a two-part series focusing on the Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC) 2023 content. We want to summarize what the speakers taught us in their 30-minute presentation. But we realize that it is impossible to fit what the speakers shared into a single page. We hope these issues can act as a quick introduction to our event and what exciting things are in store. It is also a way to honor the many speakers that graciously put aside their time from around the world to share their knowledge in their respective fields.

In this issue, we will put the spotlight on the seven speakers presenting on the first day: Alex H. Farthing, Abung M. Simanjuntak, Regis Bador, Budi Tanaka, Dr. Melony Sellars, Andrew Campbell, and finally, Dr. Dean M. Akiyama. The topic they present ranges from the importance of lab to farm management. From the plankton in your shrimp ponds to how to market your product effectively in this changing market and customer demand. We had a wide range of topics covering almost every shrimp aquaculture aspect.

Another notable event coming up this month in the Southeast Asia region is The Aquaculture Roundtable Series. This year this yearly event will talk about shrimp aquaculture and focuses on the theme: “Regeneration.” We think this topic aligns with one of our organization’s goals: ensuring the sustainability of the aquaculture industry by preparing the next generation to take over. Due to this reason, it is unsurprising that some of the leaders in Petambak Muda Indonesia will be joining the event and also take an active part in some of the sessions. But some say we’re thinking about this too far ahead, talking about regeneration, while the industry faces hardships and uncertainty.

It is no secret that shrimp prices have been plummeting recently. Some say the condition is the worst in the recent decade or two. In dire situations like this, I remembered an excellent motto from the owner of a big feed miller whom I respected, who had recently passed away: “We make money if the farmers make money.” I genuinely think it’s a good mindset from someone who realizes each sector is a link in this industry’s supply chain. Not one aspect is more ­important than the ­other.

This industry is only as strong as its weakest link; if one link is broken, the whole industry will collapse. However, I believe that only in bad conditions is where the strength of the industry and everyone involved in it is tested. It is the time to endure and solidarity.

THE CRUST - RIZKY

Rizky Darmawan

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Photo source : The CRUST

Chief Editor

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part from shrimps, the pond eco­ system is also filled with other living beings, one of which is the plank­ ton. Abung Simanjuntak, Technical Expert Manager of DSM Indonesia, opened up his presentation with a statement that will be his topic: Plankton in your pond, friend or foe?

According to Abung, when talking about plankton, you have to refer to the source of the plankton, which is the sea. It is essen­ tial to know what causes plankton to differ in each region and area. Iterating from pho­ tographic data from NASA that Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon processed, the seas in the northern part of Sumatra are richer

However, some planktons are to be avoided due to their detrimental effects on the pond ecosystem, such as species of Dinoflagel­ lates and Cyanobacteria.

Referring to research data from Eastern China, from a sample taken from six 2.000 m2 ponds with a stocking density of 144 PL/ m2, it is known that the plankton popula­ tion will shift as Days Of Culture (DOC) ad­ vances. This specific trial shows that those shifts can further be separated into three clusters: early, middle, and late DOC. Usually, at the start, farmers disinfect pond water to cleanse it of potential di­ sease sources and other organisms so they can start from a clean slate. However,

PLANKTON IN YOUR POND:

FRIEND OR FOE? with chlorophyll than the western seas of Sumatra. “Wind directions and sea currents make water conditions at sea differ bet­ ween areas year by year, at different sea­ sons. In Indonesia, there are two seasons, wet and dry, and similar to plants, these factors cause different types of plankton to grow,” he explains.

Moreover, El Nino also directly affects the quality of plankton growing in the water, Abung continues. It is known that in periods of El Nino, phytoplankton flourishes in In­ donesia. About this phenomenon, farmers must know about the severity of its impact.

In massive numbers, phytoplankton can af­ fect water salinity, temperature, pH, water transparency, diluted oxygen, and nutrient load.

Plankton in Shrimp Ponds

Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Abung

Comparable to shrimps, planktons are living beings that need several nutrients to live. Abung listed some essential elements for plankton, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, silicate, calcium, and iron. “And ob­ viously, phytoplankton and zooplanktons have different needs to grow,” he adds.

Some planktons that are often seen in shrimp farms are Chlorophytes, Charo­ phytes, Diatoms, Ochrophytes, Euglenids, and species of zooplanktons. These types of plankton are desirable in pond systems.

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the overuse of fertili­ zer to grow plankton stock creates excess blooming. “In Indone­ sia, we often observe this practice. However, farmers need to un­ derstand that overuse of fertilizer can trigger Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) in farms,” Abung reminded.

Furthermore, feed and other inputs ap­ plied to the pond carry carbon and other nutrients needed for al­ gae to grow. This, coupled with the fertili­ zers mentioned before, will create pro­ blems in the pond as it directly affects pond water quality.

Solutions to Suppress HABs

Abung pulled a study case from Delta Marine Indonesia shrimp farm, where one of their ponds was dominated by dinofla­ gellates up to 49,83 % of the total algae population. He then advised swift treatment and steps to reduce said dangerous algae.

Avoiding risky chemical treatments, Abung then suggested that Delta Marine use safer bioremediation strategies.

He then emphasized that if other farm­

Abung

M. Siman

juntak

ers face similar cases, they should first take bioremediation steps and observe the effect before taking harsh actions. Since bioremediation steps can also reduce the amount of ammonia and nitrite in the wa­ ter, it will also help shift alga composition in the pond.

Nevertheless, Abung reminds the au­ dience that the same methods might only work in some farms even though they face comparable cases. Farmers must really pay attention to the effects of every treat­ ment they do in their ponds. “There are no silver bullets! Use the correct strategy every time and make sure that every treat­ ment produces its targeted effect,” Abung closes.

THE CRUST - HK, RIZKY

WHAT IT REALLY MEANS TO USE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SHRIMP FARMING?

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t the Shrimp Aquaculture Confe­ rence 2023, Alexander Hadfield Farthing, Co­founder and CSO of Delos, was given the chance to share about the application of science and technology in shrimp farming. He shares his experi­ ence at Delos in managing a shrimp farm growing the white shrimp, vannamei, in particular.

Alex realizes farmers must endure two crucial tasks: overseeing their shrimp and the environment. He pulls out an example from a similar business with the same dif­ ficulty: the chicken industry. Both of them has identical challenge having the threat of pathogens coming from their surround­ ings.

The shrimp farm setting, Alex reflects, makes it difficult for farmers to see their shrimp’s activity directly. “You can see how many fish you have using cameras and computers. But you can’t do this in shrimp farms due to its turbidity. There are too many materials blocking the view,’ Alex explains.

Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Alex

Even so, farmers are demanded to get accurate estimations fast when working their farms. Therefore, a more creative way must be found to obtain information as de­ tailed as possible about what’s happening on the farm. “So, we can’t work with 5­7% accuracy anymore, but ideally at 2­3%,” Alex points out.

Alex continues that data in shrimp farming are crucial to take preventive mea­ sures to avoid loss. Yet, in practice, much data compiled on­site hasn’t been digi­ talized. Furthermore, a lot of the parame­ ters taken were not well recorded. Alex adds that data gathering is also challenging to get accurate figures, which will be fur­ ther processed.

Among the different important parame­ ters that need to be observed are biomass and ADG (Average Daily Growth), which are interconnected. Another factor that needs to be considered is shrimp health, which will affect the shrimp farm’s performance as a whole. “Naturally, we have to know the connection between shrimp health and the real effect of the existing pathogenic bacte­ ria before making any changes in the sys­ tem,” Alex explains.

Another data point that Alex mentions is the pathogenic data obtained from lab testing. There are many cases where the same sample is tested in different testing institutions but produces different results.

Many aspects can affect this, including the testing process, transport distance, etc.

Data Solutions

Alex remarks that the solution to solve these data variations in different locations and farm conditions is to make data collec­ tion more manageable and more real­time.

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One of the ways is to use the application de­ veloped by Alex and his team, Delos Data 2.0.

The development of said application is hoped to simplify the data collection hap­ pening in the field. One key takeaway that Alex suggests is to hire specialized staff that focuses on data collection. This way, other operational teams can focus on their respective tasks. The software he developed is also equipped with a machine­learning system to give quick feedback according to the inputted data.

Alex admits that the most challeng­ ing part is to process the available data so farmers will easily understand it and guide them to make the correct decision regard­ ing their farm operation. An example Alex uses to explain this is the ammonia data in the water, where the blue line on Graph.1 is the actual field data. In contrast, the ora­ nge line represents the predicted data pro­ duced by the software. “Even though the value is still volatile and far from perfect, it is the best we can get at this moment. So that we can predict the ammonia data 3­5 days into the future with a close enough ac­ curacy,” he explains. The data processing technology Alex developed in their software can accurately process farm data to give a snapshot of the connection between vari­ ables and show things that can’t be seen with the naked eye.

Furthermore, Alex claims that their software can detect many things, such as determining the effectivity of a particular product on the farm, counting total hemo­ cytes, and calculating the required disin­ fection dosage to optimize cost and maxi­ mize return.

THE CRUST - HK, RIZKY

BIOSECURITY IS IMPORTANT IN SHRIMP FARMING

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iosecurity is about having separate production stages and compartmentalizing our farming system based on risk. It’s all about no cross-contamination between our ponds and working from low to highrisk areas of our farm on a daily basis. Proper water treatment (water input and output), quarantine of new animals coming into the site, regular monitoring of animals, water, feed for health and pathogens, separate disinfection of our tools, having a digital logbook, and more.

However, biosecurity is not a simple process because it’s about bringing all these things together. Biosecurity is about integrating the culture of the people on our farm and ensuring they believe in the protocols and management practices we apply.

The importance of biosecurity was a topic delivered by the Founder of Genics, a company full of experts passionate about shrimp health, biosecurity, breeding, and improving production performance for the industry globally, Dr. Melony Sellars, during the Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC) held in Bali last June.

According to her, the impact of good farm biosecurity is very significant, and all farmers should be investing their thoughts and knowledge in this. “It will give us optimum stock health, prevention of pathogen outbreaks, maximum production output, less risk in operational, and also bringing the consistency and predictability aspects in our production,” she said.

Genics provide service in 43 countries around the world. Based on their experiences, they see common failures in shrimp farms. These common failures were detected in simple things such as proper calculation of the active chlorine in the intake water treatment, ensuring the adequate duration for the chlorine, ensuring that the UV and ozone systems have the correct contact time, etc.

Genics and VietUc

Genics team went to VietUc many times and checked everything on the sites, from the water intake to the water outtake and everything in between. Based on our check-

ing, we came up with a list of ten recommendations from the Genics Biosecurity.

“We have advised them that they should optimize water filtration, complete the bio­ security training, intensify and optimize the pathogen screening on animals before stocking, use E-DNA testing, and also test the pond water before and after the treatment. We have also suggested that they develop best practice disinfection protocols, focus on the allocation of dedicated staff to specific production units, strict restriction on vehicle access to the site, reduce number of staff that access the ponds, and install bird nets above the ponds.” Dr. Melony said.

“Genics audits all their stages, from post-larvae to nursery and grow out. We have improved VietUc team members’ awareness of compliance in biosecurity, and they are eager to cooperate,” she explained.

Mr. Tung Ma from VietUc Group testified that “Continual improvement in company procedures, protocols, and operations are important foundations of VietUc’s success.

We turned to Genics when we had to review and raise the standards of our biosecurity in the grow-out stage. It was one of the best decisions we ever made. I highly recommend the biosecurity service of team Genics.”

THE CRUST - DEE, GEMILANG

ny o l e M llars Se

VietUc’s grow out pond

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Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Melony

Protect your profits

Mitigate risk through mycotoxin deactivation In addition to rising feed costs, mycotoxins further impact profitability by impairing growth performance and health status. The risk is never zero.

Mycotoxin risk management is the insurance policy to secure feed quality and safety, whilst optimizing productivity.

Reduced risk

Increased productivity and efficiency

Sustainable production

If not us, who? If not now, when?

WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE

www.dsm.com/anh Follow us on:

LEARNINGS IN SHRIMP PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

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Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Regis

everal interesting topics were presented in the Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC) 2023 seminar held by the Petambak Muda Indonesia (PMI) in Bali. One of the topics presented takes the farmers to explore and learn from other countries on how they operate their farms and their marketing strategy to engage consumers. This topic was brought up by Regis Bador, the founder and CEO of Innov’Aquaculture, who had been deeply involved in the shrimp aquaculture industry for more than 40 years.

According to Regis, each country has its own good and bad shrimp culture practices. An example he used is Taiwan, famous for being the world’s leading shrimp producer in the 80s before IHHNV brought it down, and it hasn’t been able to recover to its former glory until now. The same goes for other shrimp-producing countries in Asia, which were hit by the White Spot Virus; some had successfully recovered and

Production and marketing are two essential aspects of the shrimp aquaculture industry. According to Regis, shrimp farming is not just limited to producing good shrimp but also how that production can make a profit. This depends on how much you can produce and how much you can sell.

He took us to learn from Ecuador, which employs a semi-intensive system in their management with pond sizes of around 10 hectares each, low density, and no aeration system. “They experienced difficulty before due to viruses but had successfully recovered. In fact, from 2010 to 2020, their production keeps increasing despite the virus still being there,” Regis states.

Regis states that the farmers in Ecuador are very clever. They realized that disease management and genetics are linked, so they didn’t hesitate to invest in genetic research. “What I learned is that their genetic program is one of the reasons for their success. And their idea to cross the APE (All Pathogens Exposed) line with the SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) line contributes to how rarely diseases hit,” Regis claims. Another factor that contributes to their success is biosecurity, where they won’t let just anyone come into their site. Additionally, proper selection of their postlarvae and smart management of stocking density and carrying capacity also play a role. Regis also recommends that farmers choose their feed for each culture phase smartly, to not

Displaying shrimp certification as a marketing strategy

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Good Farming Management and Marketing Strategy

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base their decision on price alone but also quality. He argues that farmers won’t get good growth or survival if they use cheap feeds. Also, recently Ecuador has started to employ autofeeders on their farms.

Farmers should learn marketing strategy starting from New Caledonia, which has a similar shrimp farming system with the Latin Americas with their low density, little aeration, etc. “But we have something special, which is our multiple certifications for our shrimps. It takes considerable time and costs, but it comes with many benefits,” Regis said, who coincidentally also comes from New Caledonia. He gives an example of how in New Caledonia, a blue shrimp has said certifications and is considered a premium shrimp. To show its uniqueness and make it more special, the shrimp is also called the Ferrari of Shrimps. Regis claims that apart from certifications, this blue shrimp is often referenced by world-renowned chefs from Dubai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Milan, Las Vegas, London, etc.

In Madagascar and Mozambique, with their monodons, they have quite an extensive list of certifications. Regis said that the shrimps from Madagascar had the most extended list of certifications he had ever seen. Putting in elements of human respect, not only to the workers but to the families impacted, is equally important to include in the product’s storytelling. These are some aspects that made them successful in their campaign and garnered them to sell double the price in the market.

Whereas in Ecuador, they try to apply their certification, the SSP, a high-level certification system with a considerably high cost. The claim they made with this certification is that it is guaranteed to be antibiotic-free, traceable, and safe wastewater discharge. With it, Ecuador claims itself as the best shrimp producer in the world. “But in my opinion, this certification hasn’t had any positive impact. Because not all campaign works. So, from my learning, try to be different and then prove it, be trustworthy, communicate to the buyers, maintain a special relationship, and tell the story: a human story,” Regis concludes.

THE CRUST - UTE, RIZKY

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even had an increase in production, while some are still struggling to do so.

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Insect Meal from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Budi

Insects have several advantages in terms of nutritional value, and the amino acid composition of their proteins generally meets the requirements for good growth and health in animals. One type of insect that has the potential to become a protein source in feed is black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, which also contain high levels of animal crude protein, approximately 41-42%.

Budi, who recognized the potential of BSF, began developing this insect in 2018 at Bio Cycle Indonesia.

Budi explained that insect meal is produced by using defatted black soldier fly larvae, which are finely ground to create the meal. “As our second major product, insect meal is a sustainable ingredient for

animal feed manufacturers. As an ingredient, insect meal is great for improving nutrition absorption. It is rich in essential amino acids, which can enhance bone structure and growth performance, and it is high in glutamic acid, which can improve the animal’s digestive system,” he claimed.

In the cultivation of shrimp, the use of BSF meal has been studied at the Business Service Center for Aquaculture Production (BSCAP) in Karawang, West Java (MarchJune 2022) with the objective of evaluating the inclusion effect of insect protein as a replacement for fish meal in plant-based diets for Pacific shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (specifically designed to have iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic nutrient content).

The research also aims to examine the use of insect oil as a substitute to partially or completely replace the use of fish oil in diets for Litopenaeus vannamei.

Based on the research results, Budi stated that insect meal positively affected the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei, and insect oil could be used as an alternative oil in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei. Budi continued to explain that insect oil also promotes the accumulation of Lauric acid in the formulated diet. Lauric acid, with a value of 12:0, represents between 21% and 50% of the total fatty acid in BSF larvae, making its fatty acid composition similar to that of coconut oil. “Lauric acid is naturally found in various plants, fats, and oils, and is a major component of coconut palm

kernel oil. The functions of lactic acid include antioxidants, increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, combating various types of pathogens, and antimicrobial activity,” Budi claimed. The inclusion of 2% and 5% insect meal, and a combination of 0.5% insect meal supplemented with 1% and 2% insect oil, provided optimum performance compared to the control group.

Lastly, Budi mentioned that besides improving animal performance in terms of growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutritional composition, and health status, there are several advantages to using insect meal and oil in aquaculture feed. These include lowering greenhouse gas emissions and the ability of insects to feed on organic waste and convert it into high-quality protein.

THE CRUST - UTE, DENNY

urrently, feed for aquaculture commodities, both shrimp and fish, use fish meal and fish oil as their main raw materials, reaching up to 69% for fish meal and 75% for fish oil. This was conveyed by Budi Tanaka, the CEO & Founder of Bio Cycle, when he was a speaker at the Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC) event held in Bali (20-22/8). According to Budi, the use of fish meal sourced from fish caught in the sea can have an impact on food security and also the livelihood of fishermen due to declining fish catch yields.

Additionally, the price of fish meal continues to increase. Budi mentioned that the price of fish meal is significantly increasing in 2023, reaching US$ 1,526/MT. This poses a challenge in the aquaculture feed industry, how can this industry maintain quality while also using more sustainable and efficient raw materials. In his presentation entitled “Insect (BSF) Meal & Oil as an Alternative Feed Ingredient,” Budi introduced insect meal as a highly potential alternative feed ingredient for the aquaculture feed industry.

BUDI

TANA

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THE POTENTIAL OF BSF AS A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FEED INGREDIENT Issue 11 | Aug -2023

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WET THE CRUST - MIDA

MARKET Photo source : Aquafeed.com

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n our last edition we spoke of exploring different markets for Indonesian shrimp. It’s a good thing that at the recent Aquaculture Round Table Series (TARS) there was an excellent no nonsense Hard Talk panel entitled “What Does it Take to Produce Sustainable Asian Shrimp?” I thought that this was an excellent insight into the challenges the Indonesian exporter faces when marketing their shrimp. So before we dive deeper into markets, let’s talk about one subject that gets everyone prickly. Sustainability.

So, what is sustainability? Chingling Tanco, Managing Director of Mida Trade Ventures very aptly put it, “Sustainability is something that allows whatever you do to last”. So, from the point of view of the farmer, the land should be used in the most effective way to prevent any degradation to the minerals, resources & natural habitats around it. Nature should be preserved & human presence should be minimal. Counter intuitive to farming but that is a topic for another time.

How about to an exporter though? This one is rather simple, steady raw material has to come in. Workers need to be paid a living wage & given good conditions to work in.

When we move to the markets however, suddenly sustainability takes on a whole different meaning. How does the generation now define sustainability? More importantly, how do they measure it? This is an especially pertinent point as the increasingly hyper aware generation today is a rather discerning consumer. Where their shrimp comes from is just as important as how it looks & how it tastes. People want to be sold a story.

The generation after me should be able to continue what I am doing and be equally profitable that is sustainability.

Can we somehow manage to tell this story?

Story telling is only one challenge.

Broadcasting it to the world. That is another.

FEEDING -

FROM ART TO SCIENCE

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arming is about taking good care and cultivating the livestock, and part of it is ensuring that they are well-fed. But in terms of fish, that’s not so easy. That’s because we feed hundreds or thousands of fish in a pond with millions of pellets, and there are lots of things happening in the water during the process.

In part of the event Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC) held by Indonesian Young Farmers (Petambak Muda Indonesia/PMI) in Bali last June, Andrew Campbell of the AQ1 Systems shared his experience in fish farming. He was already hired as a fish feeder in New Zealand even before his 20th birthday. At that time, feeding fish was still very traditional.

“I went to the storage area, picked up a 25kg feed bag, opened it, and threw the pellets into the pond with my hands,” he said. As he watched the process, he saw the enthusiasm with which the fish ate the pellets, and in his 35 years of experience, he

believed that this process should be done better and should be improved. He realized that feed is the single largest item of the production cost in aquaculture, accounting for 50­60% of total production costs, so it must be done effectively.

Technology is Changing

What about Shrimp?

Mr. Campbell said that humans’s ability to maximize shrimp feeding is limited, so technology is needed to facilitate its application, and that specific technology is sonic feeding. This technology contains algorithms to monitor shrimp activity, as well as calculate the amount of pellets fed and circulating in the pond. “Feed is the biggest cost component, so this will help farmers to know what is happening in the pond, facilitate the data recording, and, of course, help achieve efficiency in feeding,” he said.

It’s important to understand that the pellet’s size, hardness, and shape are significant factors that affect the feeding process. These factors can have a significant impact on the quality of feed that shrimps can consume per day, thus affecting their growth potential. Large and hard feed produces a lower feeding response, and it will take longer for shrimp to eat, which results in less active shrimp movement. Conversely, a change to a smaller feed will dramatically increase the kg per hour consumed.

Therefore, it is recommended to use the size, shape, and hardness of pellets for shrimp under 10g.

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Feeders feeding monitoring in control room

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THE CRUST - DEE, GEMILANG

ANDRE

Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Andrew

Feed only becomes feeding when fish eat the pellets. Nevertheless, making sure the fish eat the pellets is the art of feeding.

Mr. Campbell explained that during the 1980­1990s era, fish­feeding techniques had begun to develop. However, at that time, we, from the surface, did not know well about the appetite indicators of fish.

Then, the technology to know fish’s appetite began to be developed by installing underwater cameras to detect pellets and understand their eating habits and needs.

“We have High Definition (HD), pan, and tilt cameras for monitoring fish activity and pellet section. This technology is very useful because I remember very well the first time I used a camera to monitor feeding activity.

I had to enter a room covered with curtains; the image was still black and white, and of course, the image definition was still not clear enough to know the proper eating activity of the fish. Moreover, monitoring fish appetite is very important; if it is incorrect, there will be quite a lot of pellets left. Besides the unavailing aspect, it will also affect the FCR data,” he revealed.

Mr. Campbell explained that nowadays, the monitoring process of fish activity and appetite is done in a control room occupied

by two people consisting of a feeder expert and a fish habitual expert, both of whom will closely monitor the feeding activity and appetite of the fish through the installed devices. They can then discuss whether the feed given is sufficient or whether there are other parameters that indicate abnormalities in the fish’s eating habits.

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explained.

In 2014, Dean continued, the total number of harvested ponds reached 4,201, with a pond area of approximately 0.5 hectares.

The type of ponds consisted of plastic-lined ponds supported by a 24 HP aerator per hectare. The results of the variation in ponds with the same water source, feed, and PL showed different outcomes. “It can be the case that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) is high, with median body weight (MBW) of up to 19.4 grams and survival rate (SR) of 58%. However, in other ponds, the FCR is low at 1.6, with MBW only reaching 16 grams and a high SR of 93%. This happened because we mispredicted the performance of the pond and gave substandard feed treatment,” he described.

Even though they have the same standard operating procedures (SOPs), every technician or pond manager always has their own way, so they cannot be considered the same. This is because they have their own foundation when making adjustments in the pond related to the problems they face.

Ideally, to measure performance in ponds, Dean suggested that farmers divide them into three classes: the top 25% with high performance, the middle 50% with moderate performance, and the bottom 25% with low performance. From the data observed in 2014, in ponds with moderate performance, almost similar performance data were found across the ponds (Table 1).

handy for estimating the potential risks that may arise during the production period. “The higher the coefficient of variation, the smaller the predictable results.

Of course, the risk is also.”

He believes that pond infrastructure and management are the main limiting factors for production consistency in the future. He observed that in the past 20 years, outdoor ponds have not undergone significant changes. “The same pond has been used with production technology modifications based on pond infrastructure,” Dean revealed.

According to him, the CV of production variables such as average daily growth (ADG), FCR, and SR can be used as benchmarks for management to monitor the implementation of the pond management system itself. “If the CV is higher than 30%, stocking density should be reduced, and production targets will also decrease. The pond management can be considered stable if the CV is between 15­25%. Meanwhile, if the CV is below 15%, stocking density and production targets can be increased,” Dean concluded.

Table 1. Performance Data of Ponds with Moderate Performance Harvested biomass: 5.1 - 7.2 MT/Ha MBW at 100 days: 16.6 - 16.67 g FCR: 1.86 SR: 71% - 72% Dean Akiyama, 2023

Observe the Value of Coefficient of Variation

Dean advises shrimp farmers to regularly look at their ponds’ coefficient of variation (CV). He believes this data is

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MONITORING SHRIMP PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE BUSINESS Issue 11 | Aug -2023

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THE CRUST - HK, DENNY

Photo source : The CRUST, Doc. Dean

onsistency is believed to be crucial in shrimp cultivation. This is because the shrimp industry is constantly changing, evolving, and poses various challenges to farmers, who always strive to adapt. “My entire life in this business has been about change and adaptation.

It’s never stable. We always change when faced with new situations,” expressed Dean Mikio Akiyama, an American researcher and aquaculture expert, who served as the keynote speaker on the first day of the Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC) 2023 in Jimbaran, Bali, on June 20th.

Dean specifically discussed the analy­ sis of variance components (VAC) and how it is used to measure the success of cultivation and ensure its sustainability.

According to him, VAC accounts for the variation in pond parameters. It illustrates the production of each pond and how VAC is influenced by other potential variables, such as pond management, water quality, and feed.

Dean explained that this analysis shows the amount of variation contributed by each variable. Between 2011 and 2014, he harvested and analyzed 32,000 ponds measuring 0.25 hectares, with plastic bottoms and a 30 HP aerator per hectare. He found that biomass, median body weight (MBW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not entirely correlated with post-larval (PL) quality or feed quality. “Feed quality, PL, and pond management are the variables we want to estimate. If we look at biomass, which is often critical for profitability and financial gain, it turns out that 66% of the biomass is attributed to successful pond management. Feed contribution is only 15%, while PL quality accounts for only 19%,” he explained.

If seen as a whole, continued Dean, the success of the ponds when measured by their biomass lies in pond management.

It’s not in the quality of post-larvae (PL) or feed quality. “Why? Because in pond management, regulations are made regarding what feed to use, how much feed to give, and how a farmer adjusts. All of these have more power than the feed quality itself,” he

BLEISURE REVOLUTION:

FINDING BALANCE IN WORK AND PLAY

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THE CRUST - RIZKY

n an era marked by jet-setting professionals and bustling event agendas, a new trend has emerged that redefines the traditional boundaries of travel. Say hello to “bleisure,” a concept that seamlessly blends business and leisure, transforming routine work trips into unforgettable experiences. As the world becomes more interconnected, the art of mastering the bleisure journey is gaining traction, offering a harmonious blend of productivity and relaxation.

Bleisure represents a paradigm shift in the way modern professionals approach their travels. No longer confined to hotel rooms and conference halls, these jet-setters are rewriting the script. The concept is simple yet transformative: weave leisure activities into the fabric of business trips.

Whether it’s extending a stay over the weekend, exploring local attractions, or simply unwinding after a hectic work schedule, bleisure encapsulates the desire to make the most of every moment on the road.

At its core, bleisure is a quest for balance. The relentless demands of modern work often lead to burnout and stress. Bleisure offers a lifeline by injecting a dose of relaxation into the routine. Picture this: a technology executive attends a high-stakes conference in a vibrant metropolis. Instead of rushing back home immediately after the event, they decide to stay a couple of extra days. During this time, they explore the city’s historical landmarks, savor local cuisine, and perhaps even enjoy a spa day. This carefully orchestrated blend of work and leisure not only enhances well-being but also fuels creativity and productivity upon their return.

Bleisure isn’t merely about tacking on a few extra days to a business trip; it’s about immersing oneself in the local culture. It’s about swapping the boardroom for the bustling

markets, the PowerPoint presentations for guided tours, and the spreadsheets for enriching conversations with locals. By embracing the cultural tapestry of each destination, bleisure travelers return home with a broader perspective and a more profound appreciation for the world’s diversity.

To master the art of bleisure, a strategic approach is essential. Plan ahead to synchronize work commitments and leisure activities. Leverage technology to manage your schedule efficiently, ensuring you fulfill professional res­ ponsibilities while leaving ample time for exploration. Research your destination to uncover hidden gems and mustsee attractions that align with your interests. Engage with locals to gain insider insights, transforming your trip into an authentic adventure.

Bleisure isn’t just a personal indulgence; it can also contribute to a more sustainable approach to travel. By making the most of each trip and reducing the need for frequent short­haul flights, bleisure travelers can help mitigate their carbon footprint. Additionally, engaging with local communities fosters meaningful connections and supports local economies, contributing to the overall well-being of the destination.

In a world where time is a precious commodity, the bleisure trend emerges as a beacon of balance, offering professionals an opportunity to bridge the gap between work and play. This fusion of business and leisure transcends conventional travel, transforming it into an enriching, holistic experience. As the concept of bleisure continues to evolve, it has the potential to reshape the way we view travel, turning every journey into a rewarding adventure. So, the next time you pack your suitcase for a business trip, consider extending your stay and embracing the bleisure revolution. Your mind, body, and soul will thank you.

Issue 11 | Aug -2023

13

Photo source : The CRUST, Rachel Martin, Alfiano Sutianto

BREAK

effects 1 Bactericidal (AMPs)

1

2 Maintain a healthy

2

3 Amino acids for boost the

3

digestive system

immune system

4 Good for absorption of

Lauric Acid as natural antimicrobials 43.13% Lauric Acid

Stimulant effect (easily penetrates mitochondria bacteria)

absorbed and 4 Easily oxidized to energy

calcium, hormone production and enzymes, and growth

the rate of shrimp 5 Increase survival

5

Suppress growth bacteria Vibrio spp. Harm

1 Decomposing the remaining organic matter of the feed into free nitrogen for growing

2

excess of the shrimp digestive system

3

feed for shrimp

4

are more resistant to digestive infections

5 6 7

DISTIBUTOR: PT. PANJUNJUNG ALAM LESTARI OFFICE PARK 2, JL. BUKIT DARMO BOULEVARD NO.18, PRADAHKALIKENDAL, SURABAYA, KOTA SBY, JAWA TIMUR 60226 CONTACT NUMBER : +62 822-8206-6429

PT. SARANA ALAM SUBUR JL. TEUKU UMAR NO.62B, KOTA TINGGI, KEC. PEKANBARU KOTA KOTA PEKANBARU, RIAU 28155 CONTACT NUMBER : +62 812-8528-8918

www.biocycleindo.com

+ 62 813 8851 2771

info@biocycleindo.com

TACT

CON

Denny Leonardo Shrimp is love Shrimp is life

Rizky Darmawan The more I know, the more I realize how little I understand.

So stay humble and keep on learning.

T S U R C IN T S U R T E W Cover art by Al - Ad

Cynthia Darmawan I probably be up in the sky, deep in the sea, exploring the unknown, or building a shrimp farm

Gemilang Lim My secret to joy in life is in finding balance.

Balance in family, sweating, and making decisions.

Contact Us admin@pmindo.com Rosebay Unit A101, Graha Famili, Blok W, Pradahkalikendal, Kec. Dukuhpakis Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60227, Indonesia