THE CRUST - ISSUE #2

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reetings! And we’re back again in this month’s issue of THE CRUST. In this second semester, we noticed how so many aquaculture events are piling up. Seems like every month there are at least 2 events to join. This creates a problem where we need to balance between attending events and managing our main business. Covid is now treated less and less as a threat, and people seem to be getting ready for a post-Covid era. However, normalization will still take a long time before all comes back to pre-Covid conditions.

The global economy is still trying to recover from Covid. One industry that got hit particularly hard is tourism. This reduction of the tourism sector also impacts the culinary sector. Tourists who usually spend lavishly on food while on a holiday is now at its low point. Even regular people are weathering the storm by consuming cheaper proteins. This in turn impacts the shrimp aquaculture industry by various factors.

First, feed prices have been rising due to price increases for ingredients.

One reason for this is the conflict in Ukraine, which counts for around 10% of the world’s grains export. This is followed by the boom in annual shrimp production, which is not followed by the same production increase in one of its main ingredients: fishmeal. This calls for research to bring new alternative ingredients in each country to decrease dependency on imports, and ensures a sustainable aquaculture industry within its border.

Secondly, shrimp prices are getting hit mainly due to the slowdown in the global economy.

This is followed by the fear of exporting to China with their current Zero-Covid policy. Producing countries have to accept that they are now competing in a shrinking market. With no signs that these conditions will improve anytime soon, farmers every-

where will need to plan long-term and increase efficiency.

Though coming times are hard, we shouldn’t lose hope. This is the time to practice everything we learned and further innovate. There is no room for failure in this time of struggle. Only in hard times where we can find the best among us.lTHE CRUST - RIZKY

Rizky Darmawan Chief Editor

Photo source : THE CRUST, TARS 2022

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

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oday the Asian aquaculture feed in­ dustry faces unprecedented chal­ lenges, starting from the rising pri­ ces of raw materials, high shipping costs, supply chain disruptions, and demands for using more sustainable materials. These challenges are not only caused by the pan­ demic but also by global trends. This is a tough challenge for Asia’s aquaculture feed industry to grow.

These real challenges are the main focus of The Aquaculture Roundtable Se­ ries® (TARS) 2022 event which was held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (6­7/10). Taking the theme AQUAFEEDS: A NEW EQUILI­ BRIUM, TARS 2022 seeks to help the aqua­ culture feed industry and other stakehold­ er­s­face­these­challenges­by­finding­a­new­ balance­between­feed­cost,­efficiency,­and­ providing sustainable feed to consumers.

Participation of the Young Indonesian Farmers Association (PMI)

TARS 2022 event was attended by va­ rious aquaculture industry players from many countries. From Indonesia, one of the attendees was Rizky Darmawan, The President of the Young Indonesian Farm­ ers Association. He was responsible for becoming a moderator in the question and answer session about Novel Feed Ingre­ dients/Additives. This session was attend­ ed­by­experts­in­the­aquaculture­field,­such­ as Loc Tran, Romi Novriadi, Benny Shapi­

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

Event TARS

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THE ACTIVE ROLE O IN TARS 20 ra, Nguyen Duy Hoa, and Marc Campet.

This­ is­ not­ the­ first­ time­ Rizky attended and participa­ ted in TARS event. Previously at TARS 2018 Chiangmai, he was invited to be a panelist in a talk show session and was a speak­ er at TARS 2019 Bali to discuss shrimp farms and feed.

Cynthia Darmawan was another PMI leader who par­ ticipated in TARS 2022 event.

She was trusted to be the panel leader and read the results of the discussion on the relation­ ship between feed millers and processors session.­ Cynthia­ briefly­ explained,­ it­ is­ important to improve the communication and cooperation between hatcheries, feed millers, farmers, processors, and consu­ mers. A lack of communication will result in miscommunication and prejudice bet­ ween stakeholders, this is critical because the industry depends on good cooperation between them.

“It’s­impossible.­We­can’t­sacrifice­one­ stakeholder so the other stakeholders can maintain­their­profit­and­situation.­All­par­ ties must be open to learning, and willingly do their part for achieving long­term sus­ tainability,” Cynthia said. She also added the importance of Government support so that the aquaculture industry from each country has the opportunity to healthily

compete with other countries.

Another notable young player in the seafood industry who took part in TARS is Christopher Tan, who owns and manages MIDA Trade Ventures from Singapore. He participated in the hard talk session to dis­ cuss “How to create the pull and push for industry’s adoption of novel ingredients.”

There he explained concisely the challeng­ es the industry is facing especially in deal­

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OF YOUNG FARMERS 022 EVENT ing with the consumer market.

TARS­2022­specifically­discussed­aqua­ feed. Some of the topics include feed ef­ ficiency,­ the­ use­ of­ new­ raw­ materials­ in­ feed, smart feed management, and how feed can be more sustainable. Surely, the topics discussed were related to the shrimp farm business run by PMI members, and the materials presented were also very techni­ cal.

M o r e o v e r, through the dis­ cussion session which was one of the key points in TARS programs, the younger ge­

tions to enter the aquaculture industry.

This vision was also supported by a statement from Ronny Tan, a representa­ tive of the US Grains Council Malaysia, who also attended TARS 2022. He said that the increase of visitors from younger genera­ tions to TARS is because of the active par­ ticipation of PMI.

Learning from Vietnam

After attending TARS, PMI members also visited several shrimp ponds in Viet­ nam. One of them was Loc Tran’s research farm which provides a lot of insights into how to farm in a location that is not ide­ al. Turns out, shrimp farming can be done

in various places including in a less ideal environment as long as it is properly ma­ naged.

Most shrimp ponds in Vietnam current­ ly do not have access to a supply of clean water and only rely on running water in Mekong Delta which is very turbid and dirty. One of the things these farmers do is apply extensive sterilization and sedimen­ tation in their shrimp ponds. This method could be imitated and applied by tradition­ al farmers in Indonesia to increase pro­ duction. Surely this is not a silver bullet, and farmers still must adapt their shrimp pond operations to the conditions of their location. lTHE CRUST - UTE, GEMILANG

Photo source: TARS 2022

neration participated by contributing var­ ious ideas that would determine the fu­ ture­ of­ the­ fish­ industry.­ From­ TARS­ 2022­ event, PMI members also learned a lot and expanded their network by meeting new people. PMI members will continue to par­ ticipate and collaborate in the next TARS events or other international events so that PMI can be better known internationally and attract more and more young genera­

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

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CONSTRUCTION SERIES 1-2

w o l f r e t a W

In this issue, we are going to discuss practical concepts about how water journeys from its source, around the farm, and eventually back to the environment.

Inlet

This is where water enters the farm and starts its expedition. A good water source is vital for the success of a farm and is obtained from multiple sources such as the sea, rivers, or underground aquifers. Using a combination of these sources is generally better for maintaining a target salinity level and a steady supply of natural minerals. In cases where the water source is turbid and unsuitable, extensive sedimentation ponds and treatment ponds are essential.

A well-designed farm should have a network of water distribution that is both efficient and durable. Additional­ ly, an inlet system will need scheduled maintenance and cleaning every so often. Ideally, a good farm will have a way to distribute water to each pond according to its needs. A good system would have an adjustable setting to decide how each pond will receive a specific amount of water within a specified amount of time.

Waste Management Pond

Outlet

This is the last stop for water before it travels back to the sea. In a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) farm, the wastewater is even treated and recirculated back into the system. At this stage, an effective sedimentation system is required to trap sludge and other harmful deposits to prevent them from entering the sea. Adequate aeration should also be incorporated to help neutralize harmful materials. Waste management ponds must also be cleaned periodically to take out sludge buildups.

This is where effluent water transits before it went to its last stop. In many farm designs, this is also where you do your harvesting. Outlets are usually built using open canals to make them easier to clean. In a perfect location, a farm should have enough elevation to build its outlet channels lower than its production pond’s lowest point. This is needed to protect biosecurity and prevent the reflux of dirty water back into the pond.

lTHE CRUST - DELTA MARINE INDONESIA

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

Production Ponds

Production ponds are the main destinations of the water. When coming here, water should be clean and safe for the animals in the pond. A good pond design should be able to drain all of its water out when needed. This is crucial especially after the cycle ends or when diseases hit where you need a good cleaning and drying stage before you stock again.

Photo source: Rizky D, Dipasena

Water source

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

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HOW A TWO-PHASE SYSTEM CAN DOUBLE THE YIELD OF SHRIMP FARMING

n the previous issue of THE CRUST, a shrimp farming expert, Dr. David Kawahigashi, explained how a nursery system using smaller circular ponds could minimize the spread of disease as the ponds are easier to control. In addition, the nursery, also known as the two/three steps system, allows shrimp farmers to increase their productivity to up to 4 - 6 kg/m2. David also suggested that Indonesian farmers interested in using this system should begin with a small properly managed module. Below are insights from David on the feasibility of the system

More cycles as well as larger size

Like the words from Stephen Covey, “when we pick up one end of the stick, we pick up the other,” the application of new technology also picks its other side, namely additional investment cost.

David states that ”the cost to build 2-3 ponds on one hectare of land would be cheaper than building 6-8 round tanks on one hectare of land.” However, based on the feedback he received from the farmers in Vietnam, the return on investment for a nursery and circular pond system is higher than ground ponds without a nursery. The investment is justified as farmers could carry

out more than three cycles per year. He says that “the success rate of a round tank farm is very different from traditionally lined ponds as harvest yields are more predictable with the round tank model.”

David roughly calculates that the cost of circular ponds can be relatively high, ranging from 3,8-4,0 USD/kg.

However, the cost can be compensated with a larger size of shrimp harvested, up to 21-40 grams (size 20-40). Comparatively, the profit margin in the circular pond farms in Vietnam is between 70-100% per crop.

The success rate was very similar with Indonesian farmers if they cultivated in areas less prone to diseases.

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However, in the ”red zones”, where EMS and EHP are more prevalent, the profit margins are on a consistent downtrend over time. For instance, in areas such as Dipasena or Lampung in general, the success rate is even lower with many abandoned farms. “I think that the round tanks model would be highly effective to refurbish abandoned farms,” he argues.

Keep carrying capacity at an optimum level

Although the system can boost productivity, farmers should remain aware of their pond-carrying capacity. To keep ponds at optimal capacity, David suggests that the dissolved oxygen should never be less than 4 ppm. In these conditions, the pond carrying capacity can

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reach 3 and 4 kg/m2 (with a water depth of 1,2 m) in phase 2 and phase 3, respectively. He also recommends considering density reduction in determining capacity instead of increasing water exchange ratios.

Moreover, the carrying capacity can also be optimized by adequate reservoir pond sizing.

According to David, the percentage of reservoirs are different based on the sources of water and its quality. For instance, in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, the ratio between reservoir and pond is approximately 50-70%. The high treatment-to-culture pond ratio is needed for the large amount of treated water required for the circular ponds during the later phases of culture.

Reservoirs are not compulsory in the areas where underground brackish water can be pumped, as the water from below has been filtered by the sand and is most likely free from diseases. David believes this water can be pumped directly into the tanks. But he underlines that “mature water” that already contains beneficial bacteria at the reservoir is needed. David added that “For Indonesia, I think a 20-30% reservoir ratio is sufficient to provide adequate se­ dimentation, disinfection with chlorine (unless UV is used), and ready water.

A 30% reservoir ratio would allow partial recycling of effluent water, further improving circular ponds feasibility and sustainability.”

How to achieve a successful transfer

Transferring the shrimp from the nursery to grow-out ponds is normally of great concern. But in Vietnam, the shrimp farmers do not seem to have a problem performing this task. It is normal practice. “I understand that the farmers transfer the shrimp between molting and stop feeding it one day before the transfer. In addition, some farms use shrimp traps to allow smooth transfer of the shrimp, while others enter the tank with seine nets and move the shrimp quickly. I heard that some larger farms use transfer pumps to move the shrimp, but this is yet to be common practice,” He concludes. lTHE CRUST - AB, UTE, DENNY

www.roundtankfarm.com

Photo source: David Kawahigashi& Munas SCI, www.roundtankfarm.com

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

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Aftea L

ast month (26-28/10), Agri-Food Tech Expo Asia (AFTEA) 2022 was successfully held at The Sands Expo & Convention Centre in Singapore. This expo brought many speakers and exhibitors to show the progress of food technology from around the world. AFTEA is part of the Singapore International Agri-Food Week (SIAW), jointly organized by Temasek, Singapore Food Agency, Economic Development Board, Enterprise Singapore, Singapore Tourism Board, Rethink Events, and Constellar.

A wide array of new technologies to produce food such as new hydroponic equipment, new types of fertilizers, and alternative food sources like the up-andcoming insect meal made from black soldier fly (BSF) was shown in AFTEA. Additionally, some booths focus on providing aquaculture solutions. Some of them were Rynan technologies which showcased multiple aquaculture equipment, and the Aquaculture Innovation Center (AIC) and James Cook University which provides joint research services and technical training.

Also present at the event are the members of the Young Indonesian Farmers (PMI) Association which were particularly invited by the organizers as practitioners in the aquaculture sector. The PMI President, Rizky Darmawan, also attended the exclusive SIAW Gala Dinner held inside the Flower Dome within the Gardens by the Bay. The gala dinner presented some notable guests to update us on the current state of the world’s food supply and what to expect in the future.

One prominent speaker was Singapore’s Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for Economic Policies, Mr. Heng Swee Keat. There he explained the “30 by

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

OBSERVING THE OF AQUACULTURE TECH 30” plan, where Singapore plans to produce 30% of its food supply by 2030. According to Mr. Heng, at the moment Singapore only produces 5% of its needed food supply, and they would need to increase this number to ensure the country’s food stability.

Aquaculture Technologies

Aquaculture was one of the important commodities at the expo and was shown by how some booths focused on providing aquaculture solutions. For example, shrimp are considered a potential market for the use of BSF meals. There was also a company called SeaToBag that provides feed made from fermented ingredients which promise better digestibility and growth performance. Right now, they are focusing to sell their products to fish farms reared in off-shore cages.

Some of the interesting aquaculture technologies shown at the expo was a piece of aeration equipment that can increase diluted oxygen (DO) up to 20mg/L in the pond. Another interesting thing was a piece of equipment that can easily measure water quality. We can see it being used by farmers who don’t have any prior lab experience, which in turn can use the data to make more educated treatments.

The founder of Rynan technologies, one of the booths focusing on aquaculture, explained that farmers nowadays still use outdated technologies in their farms. For example, the paddlewheel is still widely used even though its potential for oxygen generation is quite low. Even the blower modern farms uses are inefficient because they produce big bubbles that will not saturate in water and be released out into the atmosphere. He points out how many efficient aeration technologies can highly saturate water with oxygen.

“We from PMI are happy to see so many advancements in aquaculture technologies. Hopefully in the future by applying these

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ADVANCEMENT HNOLOGY IN SINGAPORE

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AFTEA Field Trips

Apart from attending the expo, PMI members were also brought to facilities that have been curated by the AFTEA organizers. The first facility they visited was the Food Innovation Research Center (FIRC) which is located on the Singapore Polytechnic campus. Here they saw various research types of equipment that can be used to develop new food technologies and products. One success story that the FIRC highlighted was how they successfully helped develop the fishskin-based snack called Irvins which is now renowned worldwide. Knowing this, Andrew Wijaya from PMI expressed his interest to work together and do research to expand one of his current businesses which is a fish canning factory. “I hope in the future, we can find a way to develop canned shrimp products to increase its shelf life and freshness,” Andrew commented.

The next site PMI visited was the commercial aquaculture farms owned by Blue Aqua. Dr. Farshad Shishehchian, the founder and CEO of Blue Aqua, led the tour with the participants to see the various development his company did to successfully farm in Singapore. Farshad explains how some situations make farming in Singapore particularly challenging. First, farms are not allowed to discharge effluent water back into the environment, hence a recirculation system must be installed to treat the water. Secondly, the available lands allowed for aquaculture operations are limited and far from the sea.

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For that reason, the farm has to buy water which is costly. “To get 1 m3 of water we have to pay around SGD15. So you can imagine how expensive our farm’s operational cost,” Farshad remarked.

In the Blue Aqua farm PMI visited, they developed 3 species of shrimps, which are the Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, and the Marsupenaeus japonicus. In Farshad’s opinion, M. japonicus or commonly called the kuruma shrimp is his most valuable commodity, selling at retail up to SGD300 per kilogram. Blue Aqua is also proud to be the first if not the only company in the world that successfully bred and grown kuruma shrimp outside of Japan.

Last, the PMI team visited the Aquaculture Innovation Center (AIC) located at Temasek Polytechnic to see their research facility. According to the visitors, one of the interesting things to see is the mud crab research. On the tour, they showed one of the grown mud crabs that has a blue color due to mimicking its rearing tub. In the future, AIC hopes that their research can used and further be developed commercially by investors. lTHE CRUST - UTE, RIZKY

Photo source: THE CRUST

technologies we can operate with a higher success rate, and our production can be more stable. Also, from this expo, we were able to learn a lot of new information and broaden our horizons. Hopefully, these improvements can be applied soon in farms around Indonesia,” Rizky says.

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

Time

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or our Breaktime, this month, me and my fellow contributor Ge­ milang set to Singapore for The Malt Affair (TMA), a whisky event where enthusiasts come to enjoy good whisky.

We aim to ask one extremely important question: which whisky is best paired with seafood? To answer that, we met with our friend and whisky master Billy Tham along with his colleagues.

First, we asked Billy for any recom­ mendations for a good seafood pairing.

He told us that it is just not that simple; it depends a lot on your personal tasting notes and what kind of dish. One import­ ant piece of advice that he emphasizes is to believe in your taste buds. A good whisky doesn’t have to be expensive or old, you just have to enjoy it.

The next person we met at the event is Farry Ongko Widjaja, Owner of Miles Whisky Bar in Jakarta. Gemilang tells how he frequents his bar and said that it is one of the best whisky bars you can find in Indonesia. In the interview, he recommends whisky with a lighter taste profile. One whisky that can be enjoyed with a wide range of seafood on top of his mind is the Clynelish. Additional­ ly, he recommends some Irish whis­ keys such as the Teeling because it generally has a lighter taste.

The next person we inter­ viewed at TMA is Lion Goh, co­founder of the whisky brand Animal Spirits. There he told us of his magical experience while visit­ ing Islay. “We went to

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Issue II | Nov’-2022

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BEHIND THE BAR one of the tastings on Ardbeg. They let track of your experience. In this regard, us try one of their peated whiskies with we discovered an interesting product oysters and lemon. And what they did at the event called the “In Good Spirits was they bring you by the coast of the Tasting Journal” produced by 88 Bam­ distillery. They poured a dram of Ardbeg boo, better known as an online whisky into [the oysters], and then they add a and spirits editorial company. The Tast­ bit of lime into it and told us to enjoy,” ing Journal is an attractive pocket­sized explains Lion. When we asked why his notebook with a helpful flavor chart opinion on whisky preference when eat­ (that suggests different types of flavors ing seafood differs from Farry, he said you may find in a whisky) and space to that it truly depends on your taste and fill in key details of your bottle. This al­ where you live. For example in South lows you to easily take notes, enjoy your East Asia, where the food generally whisky and elevate your tasting experi­ has stronger flavors, you would want ence. Another interesting to choose stronger­tasting whisky else product that 88 Bam­ boo carries are whis­ you will only taste the alcohol.

Marcus Chng, the founder of the ky barrel­aged coffee whisky brand Malt, Grain & Cane, sup­ beans from Japan, ported Lion’s views. For seafood pair­ perfect for both whis­ ings, he would recommend the Caol Ila, ky lovers and those another Islay whisky with peated flavor. who can’t drink alco­ “Caol Ila is an Islay whisky which is a hol but would still like bit peated, a bit smoky, and still a bit to have a taste of their creamy, and moreover it is by the sea flavor. so it has saline notes,” Marcus adds. lTHE CRUST - RIZKY, He also says how the peatiness of Is­ GEMILANG lay whisky complements the flavor of especially grilled seafood.

Though everybody has different tastebuds and preferences, it is always good to keep

Photo source: THE CRUST 2022

Break

1 2 3 4 5

Bactericidal effects (AMPs)

1

Maintain a healthy digestive system

2 3

Amino acids for boost the immune system Good for absorption of calcium, hormone production and enzymes, and growth

4 5

Increase the rate of shrimp survival

Lauric Acid as natural antimicrobials 43.13% Lauric Acid

Stimulant effect (easily penetrates mitochondria bacteria)

1 2

Decomposing the remaining organic matter of the feed into free nitrogen for growing

excess of the shrimp digestive system

3

feed for shrimp

Easily absorbed and oxidized to energy Suppress growth bacteria Vibrio spp. Harm

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are more resistant to digestive infections

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Denny Leonardo

Rizky Darmawan

Shrimp is love Shrimp is life

The more I know, the more I realize how little I understand.

So stay humble and keep on learning.

Rosebay RosebayUnit UnitA101 A101 Graha GrahaFamili, Famili,Blok BlokW W Pradahkalikendal, Pradahkalikendal,Kec. Kec.Dukuhpakis Dukuhpakis

The Ceo

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Gemilang Lim

I probably be up in the sky, deep in the sea, exploring the unknown, or building a shrimp farm

My secret to joy in life is in finding balance.

Balance in family, sweating, and making decisions.

KotaSurabaya Surabaya Kota Photo source: THE CRUST, Al-Ad

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Cynthia Darmawan

JawaTimur Timur60227, 60227, Jawa Indonesia Indonesia

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