Reproductive Science Center of NJ

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder in women, affecting approximately 4-12% of reproductive age women. It is found in both normal weight and overweight/obese women and can present with varying symptoms—the most common of which is infrequent or absent menstruation. There is some evidence of a genetic predisposition to developing PCOS, as first-degree relatives of women with PCOS are at increased risk of having PCOS as well.

PCOS symptoms include a history of irregular menstruation, varying degrees of male pattern hair growth (hirsutism), and acne. Menstrual changes can range from irregular, infrequent, to even absent menstrual bleeding. As the time between periods increases, so does the risk for developing precancerous changes and ultimately uterine cancer. Therefore, women with irregular cycles should consult their gynecologist so they may be properly evaluated for these potential conditions.

Women with PCOS are diagnosed after obtaining a detailed medical history, performing a physical exam and pelvic ultrasound, and relevant blood testing. Medical history is consistent with either irregular or missed menstrual periods, and/or increased male pattern hair growth and adult acne. Ultrasound findings may include enlarged ovaries with numerous small follicles (fluid collections). Blood testing may reveal high levels of male hormones such as testosterone.

The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown. PCOS is thought to stem from alterations in ovarian hormone production which creates an increase in the level of male hormones. These hormones disrupt the feedback system to the brain and also result in insulin resistance.

PCOS is associated with several long-term health risks including diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is recommended that women with PCOS be screened for these disorders, so that early intervention can be implemented. How does PCOS affect fertility?

The fundamental fertility issue in women with PCOS is a lack of regular ovulation, which is a critical component to successful conception. Fertility medications can improve the chances of ovulation and achieving a successful pregnancy. In addition, weight loss in the overweight woman with PCOS can increase the chances of spontaneous ovulation and pregnancy.

In women not attempting pregnancy, menstrual irregularity is often treated through the use of oral contraceptives. When abnormal hair growth is the primary concern, oral contraceptives, with or without the addition of anti-androgen medications, can directly inhibit hair growth. Excess hair can be removed through shaving, tweezing, waxing or the use of electrolysis and laser treatment.

In the case of insulin resistance, the use of metformin may be indicated to help restore normal glucose parameters, and this treatment option is also safe and acceptable in women interested in becoming pregnant.

At the Reproductive Science Center of New Jersey, we are available to answer your fertility questions, perform a complete fertility evaluation, and discuss individualized options for conception—all in a comfortable and caring setting. We are a full service fertility center experienced in all the latest technologies and look forward to helping you achieve success, whatever your goals.

The Compassionate Connection

Throughout our history, grandparents have guided their children and grandchildren through trial and triumph. For many of us, our grandparents were among our earliest teachers and caregivers. They have added immeasurably to the strength of our families, and with compassion and wisdom, they have enriched our lives with the stories of those who came before us. On National Grandparent’s Day, we give thanks to those who helped raise us and pay tribute to a generation that still inspires us toward brighter horizons.