ISSUE 2 | 2019
THE JOURNAL FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PROCESSED FOOD, DRIED FRUIT AND NUTS
THE GREATER WORLD OF PECANS
FERMENTATION - THE NEW HYPE? THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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TRADE FAIRS
Pistachio Round Table
Nuts should move to young generation
Los Frutos secos deberían pasar a las nuevas generaciones
Nuts may not appear among the more secretive of global commodities, but they are with concern to the health benefits of nut products.
Es posible que los frutos secos estén entre los productos globales más conocidos, pero no lo están los beneficios para la salud que estos productos conllevan.
“Nuts are probably the best kept secret in America, which is not a good thing,” said Dr. Mehmet Oz, a popular spokesman on health issues in the United States, during in his 30minute keynote speech on the first day of the 38th World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress, held in Boca Raton, Florida May 23-25
„Las nueces son probablemente el secreto mejor guardado de los Estados Unidos, lo cual no es bueno“, dice el Dr. Mehmet Oz, un popular portavoz sobre temas de salud en los Estados Unidos, durante su discurso de 30 minutos el primer día de la conferencia número 38 del Congreso Mundial de Frutas y Frutos Secos, celebrado en Boca Raton, Florida, del 23 al 25 de mayo.
Like nearly all food commodities these days, the various sectors of the global nut and dried fruit industries are focusing on the health benefits of its products as the primary marketing message, according to executives on most round table panels during the annual Congress held this year in Boca Raton, Florida,
Como casi todos los productos alimenticios en estos días, los diversos sectores de las industrias mundiales de frutos secos y frutas desecadas se centran en los beneficios para la salud como comercialización principal, según THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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TRADE FAIRS lo señalado por los ejecutivos en la mayoría de las mesas redondas durante el Congreso anual. Sin embargo, algunos sectores están más adelantados en el juego que otros. “La gente cree que las almendras son nutritivas; son sanas“, dijo Mark Jansen, presidente y director general de Blue Diamond Growers de Sacramento, California, el líder del sector de las almendras. “Nuestro trabajo no es convencer del beneficio de las almendras. La Mark Jansen, president and CEO of Blue gente quiere saber de dónde Diamond Growers of Sacramento, California provienen sus alimentos“. Jansen lo consideró desde on May 23 to 25.Some sectors are farther la perspectiva en la que las Almendras son ahead in the game than others, however. los frutos secos más consumidos en las economías globales de altos ingresos, principal“People believe almonds are nutritious; mente en Estados Unidos y Europa, con una they’re healthy,” said Mark Jansen, presparticipación del 39% en 2017. En contraposiident and CEO of Blue Diamond Growers ción a los anacardos, un 17% y las nueces con of Sacramento, California, the leader of the un 14%, según el Anuario Estadístico 2018-19 almonds panel. “Our job is not to convince de INC. you of the health of almonds. People want to know where their food comes from.” Jansen spoke from the summit of the nut world as almonds were the most consumed tree nut in high-income global economies, mainly the US and Europe, with a 39% share in 2017, followed by cashews (17%) and walnuts 14%), according to INC’s 2018-19 Statistical Yearbook. Nuts fail to promote happiness In middle income economies, walnuts led the consumption rankings with a 29% world share in 2017 followed by pistachios (22%) and almonds and cashews (20% each).
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Daniel Whitehouse, director for nuts at Mars Wrigley Confectionary in the U.S.
TRADE FAIRS
THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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TRADE FAIRS seguida por Argentina (18%), los Estados Unidos (17%) y China (8%). Brasil brilla de modo propio en la industria mundial del cacahuete con una producción de 431.000t, (2018/19) esperando un aumento hasta las 486.000t para el 2019/20. La producción brasileña, con sede en el estado de São Paulo, ha aumentado entre un 20% y un 30% en los últimos años, dijo Daniel Whitehouse, director de Mars Wrigley en el departamento de Frutos Secos. „El mayor cuello de botella (en Brasil) es la infraestructura. Eso se puede Maria Kraus, European Union representative resolver en los próximos años”, for California Walmut Commission dijo Whitehouse. „Lo que me entusiasma de Brasil es su compromiso con la calidad“. dozen countries producing at least 100,000 t, gives it the ability to cope. Se espera que la producción de EEUU se recupere en 2019/20 a casi 3,8 millones de to“The great strength of the peanut industry is its neladas en contraposición a los 2,5 millones spread over many countries,” he said. “Even in de toneladas registrados en el ejercicio antethe individual countries, it’s spread over a wide rior, liderada por aumentos en Texas y Florida. area. ”The biggest roadblock facing the peanut La mayor parte de la producción termina en and tree nuts industries is the allergy issue, mantequilla de cacahuete, dijo Jamie Brown, panelists at the peanut roundtable agreed. director de ventas y logística de Olam Peanut Shelling Co. La producción global de cacaWater is a key issue in nut production huete se está viendo afectada por el cambio climático, dijo Whitehouse. Pero la diversidad The issue of water and sustainability arose geográfica de la industria, con una docena de in other nut round tables, including pistachipaíses que producen al menos 100.000t, le os and almonds. World pistachio production otorga capacidad para hacerle frente. reached 771,494 t in 2018-19, which represented a 44% increase over a decade. Over the „La gran fortaleza de la industria del maní es past five years, three countries represented su difusión en muchos países“, dijo. „El mayor 94% of global production – the US, mainly Calobstáculo al que se enfrentan las industrias ifornia, at 47%; Iran at 27%; and Turkey at 20%. del cacahuete y los frutos secos es el probleWater use is an issue in California, said Michael ma de la alergia“, coincidieron en el congreso Hohmann, chief financial officer at Wonderful los ponentes sobre el cacahuete. Pistachio & Almonds. Iran is also dealing with water issues, including depletion of its underEl agua es el asunto clave en la ground aquifers, said Hamed Ramezani of the producción de Frutos Secos Iran Pistachio Association. California pistachio growers are turning to new technologies to reduce its water use,
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El tema la sostenibilidad en el uso del agua surgió en las mesas redondas donde se debatía
TRADE FAIRS said Hohmann and Mia Cohen, chief operating officer at Setton Pistachio Farms of Terra Bella Inc. “We’re pushing on all cylinders with regards to sustainability,” Hohmann said. Despite the water issues, Setton has increased yields from 1,000 pounds per acre to 3,000 pounds in the last few years, Cohen said. “We’re doing more with less water,” she added. “I think the future is bright for pistachios. We’re all increasing production.” Almonds took a big hit in the US media for its water usage during the California drought period of the middle 2010s. The publicity spilled over to other nut crops, including walnuts, Kraus said. A single almond requires 1 gallon of water to produce, according to a 2015 article on the website Business Insider on the California controversy. A single walnut requires 4.9 gallons of water and a pistachio 0.75 gallons.“Our growth is going to be limited after 2021 due to water,” Blue Diamond’s
sobre nueces, pistachos y almendras. La producción mundial de pistacho alcanzó 771.494t en 2018/19, lo que representó un aumento del 44% en una década. En los últimos cinco años, tres países representaron el 94% de la producción mundial: los Estados Unidos, principalmente California, con el 47%, Irán con un 27% y Turquía con el 20%. El uso del agua es un problema en California, dijo Michael Hohmann, director financiero de Wonderful Pistachio & Almonds. Irán también está lidiando con problemas de suministro de agua, incluido el agotamiento de sus acuíferos subterráneos, dijo Hamed Ramezani, de la Asociación de Pistachos de Irán. „Los cultivadores de pistacho de California están recurriendo a nuevas tecnologías para reducir el consumo de agua“, dijeron Hohmann y Mia Cohen, directora de operaciones de Setton Pistachio Farms de Terra Bella Inc. „Estamos presionando en todas las
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WORLD Los Estados Unidos, principalmente California, representaron un promedio del 36% de la producción mundial durante las últimas cinco temporadas, seguidos de Chile (31%) y Francia (21%). Los arándanos desecados son un nuevo producto global que el INC sólo ha rastreado desde 2012/13. Desde esa temporada, la producción mundial ha aumentado de 122.000t a 214.314t en 2018/19. EEUU domina la producción con una participación global del 81% en las últimas cinco temporadas, seguido de Canadá (14%) y Chile (5%).
Brad Schuler, vice president of global marketing and sales at Sunsweet Growers in the US Calcagni, managing director of the Besana Group in Italy. Dried fruit is also a popular ingredient in many health and snack bar products. “We see a tremendous opportunity when we look at consumption” of bars, pastes and syrups used as alternative sweeteners, said. Mark Masten, CEO of Joolies, a California company selling organic whole dates and syrup. In the US, dates consumption is experiencing a revival because of the turn to non-refined sugars and fiber and nutrient benefits, he said. Consumers are using it as ingredients in salads, smoothies and other products. Date production reached 1.1 million tons in 2018-19, up from 1 million t the previous season .Production increased 44% over the 10-year average. More than 80% of global production over the past five years came from the Middle East region – Saudi Arabia (22%), Iran (14%), United Arab Emirates (13%) and Tunisia (11%). But the top exporters by global market share over that period were Iraq (18%), Pakistan (17%), Iran (13%) and Tunisia (12%).
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Los nuevos productos, como las pastas de higo o dátiles y los siropes, presentan una oportunidad para aumentar el consumo de frutas secas, dijo Riccardo Calcagni, director gerente del Grupo Besana en Italia. Las frutas hidrolizadas también son un ingrediente popular en muchos productos de snack en barritas. „Vemos una tremenda oportunidad cuando observamos el consumo“ de barras, pastas y siropes utilizados como edulcorantes alternativos, dijo. Mark Masten, CEO de Joolies, una compañía de California que vende dátiles orgánicos enteros y siropes En el caso de Estados Unidos, el consumo de dátiles está experimentando un resurgimiento debido a un giro en hábitos de consumo hacia azúcares no refinados y los beneficios de la fibra y nutrientes, dijo. Los consumidores los utilizan para ensaladas, batidos y otros. La producción de dátiles alcanzó los 1,1 millones de toneladas en 2018/19, frente al millón de toneladas de la temporada anterior. La producción aumentó un 44% con respecto al promedio en 10 años. Más del 80% de la producción mundial en los últimos cinco años provino de Medio Oriente: Arabia Saudita (22%), Irán (14%), Emiratos Árabes (13%) y Túnez (11%). Pero los principales exportadores por cuota de mercado global durante ese período fueron Irak (18%), Pakistán (17%), Irán (13%) y Túnez (12%).
WORLD
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USA Mexican growers would harvest their nuts early and ship the nuts sometimes green or with too much moisture. By the time the pecans got to China you have mould - or they’ve actually started to sprout - so the Chinese try to stay away from Mexico if possible. The Clipper: So the more important competitor seems to be South Africa Daniel Zedan: South Africa is currently the 3rd largest producer of pecans in the world: This year they will produce about 42m pounds - but based on plantings within the next 5 or 6 years they could easily be producing well over 100 m pounds and by 2026 the harvest could exceed 200m pounds. So we’re talking about a significant change in the world’s dynamics as a result of that. 20 percent of pecans in South Africa are grown in the Natal region which would have a climate analogous to Georgia. 80 percent is grown out in the North Cape and that would be analogous to New Mexico or Arizona. South Africa has two big advantages: Their cost of labor is among the cheapest in the pecan producing world and their crop comes in 6 months before the U.S. and Mexico. Also, it’s only half the distance to China. All this is important because the peak consumption period are the fall festivals and the New Year – and the South African harvest is able to arrive in time in China for the fall festivals.
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The Clipper: Warum das? Daniel Zedan: Da die Exportmenge aus den USA begrenzt war, musste China anderswo kaufen - und andere Länder haben die Produktion gesteigert, um die Nachfrage nach dem sehr profitablen Produkt zu decken. Mexiko hat in den letzten fünf Jahren die Rekordmarke der US-Produktion übertroffen. Das Produkt, das den chinesischen Standards entspricht, wird im allgemeinen im Westen Mexikos im Bundesstaat Sonora angebaut. The Clipper: Aber die Lieferungen aus Mexiko brachten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse. Daniel Zedan: Um in der Vergangenheit so viel Marktanteile wie möglich zu gewinnen, haben die mexikanischen Produzenten ihre Nüsse frühzeitig geerntet und die Nüsse manchmal grün oder viel zu feucht versandt. Als die Pekannüsse nach China kamen, entdeckte man Schimmel - oder sie haben tatsächlich angefangen auszutreiben. Also versuchen die Chinesen, sich nach Möglichkeit von Mexiko als Lieferant fernzuhalten. The Clipper: Der wichtigere Wettbewerber scheint also Südafrika zu sein. Daniel Zedan: Südafrika ist derzeit der drittgrößte Produzent weltweit: In diesem Jahr
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USA standards for kernels and in-shell pecans had not been updated since 1969. The result of an effort to work together was the American Pecan Council, which was implemented in October 2016. They have been very active. As an international community need to have uniform guidelines, standards for kernels and in-shell. We can cooperate on research. Preliminary results of a study indicate that eating a certain amount of pecans per day will slow the onset of dementia. If that’s true, it’s a great marketing message. Mexico, South Africa and Australia could donate funds into these research efforts. South Africa has an industry body which is called SAPPA (South African Pecan Nut Producers’ Association). They do collect an assessment, 1.4 cents per pound. Could SAPPA donate money into joint research but their charter would have to change as they are only allowed to do research, not marketing. The Clipper: What will happen this year? Daniel Zedan: There’s still hope that the trade dispute will get settled before the beginning of our crop year in October. Assuming it does we know that China is out of product at the moment they have actually started taking shipments out of U.S. warehouses hoping that the tariff will be gone before it gets to the Chinese ports. The Chinese are feverishly booking product in South Africa. Even though South Africa crop isn’t as big as what they had hoped 90 percent of that’s going to go to China and it’ll be shipped before July because it takes about 2 months to get into the country. So far, kernel exports from the US are up about 12%, domestic consumption is up between 5 and 8%, prices are trending upwards this year. The biggest question is how the hurricanes will affect production in Georgia and we still don’t know. I think that Georgia will have some issues for the next 3-5 years. Some growers might change to cotton and other commodities.
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Als internationale Gemeinschaft brauchen wir einheitliche Richtlinien, Standards für Kerne und Nüsse in der Schale. Wir können bei der Forschung zusammenarbeiten. Erste Ergebnisse einer Studie deuten darauf hin, dass eine bestimmte Menge an Pekannüsse pro Tag den Beginn der Demenz verlangsamt. Wenn es wahr ist, dann bedeutet es eine großartige Marketingbotschaft. Mexiko, Südafrika und Australien könnten Mittel für diese Forschungsarbeiten bereitstellen. Südafrika hat eine Branchenorganisation mit dem Namen SAPPA (South African Pecan Nut Producers’ Association). Sie finanzieren sich mit einer Steuer von 1,4 Cent pro Pfund. SAPPA könnte Geld für die gemeinsame Forschung spenden, aber dazu müßte ihre Satzung geändert werden., da sie nur Forschung, nicht Marketing unterstützen dürfen. The Clipper: Was wird in diesem Jahr passieren? Daniel Zedan: Es besteht immer noch Hoffnung, dass der Handelsstreit vor Beginn unseres Erntejahres im Oktober beigelegt wird. Angenommen, wir wissen, dass China kein Produkt mehr hat, in dem Moment, in dem sie tatsächlich damit begonnen haben, Sendungen aus US-Lagern zu nehmen, in der Hoffnung, dass der Zoll wegfällt, bevor die Ware die chinesischen Häfen erreicht. Die Chinesen buchen fieberhaft ein Produkt in Südafrika. Auch wenn die Ernte in Südafrika nicht so groß ist wie erhofft, geht sie zu 90% nach China und wird vor Juli verschickt, weil es etwa zwei Monate dauert, bis sie dort ins Land kommt. Bisher sind die Kernexporte aus den USA um etwa 12% gestiegen, der Inlandsverbrauch liegt zwischen 5 und 8%, die Preise steigen in diesem Jahr. Die größte Frage ist, wie sich die Hurrikane auf die Produktion in Georgien auswirken werden, und wir wissen es immer noch nicht. Ich denke, dass Georgien in den nächsten 3-5 Jahren einige Probleme haben wird. Einige Landwirte könnten auf Baumwolle und andere Rohstoffe umsteigen.
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IRAN
The overwhelming advantages of pistachios from Iran
Warum iranische Pistazien einen festen Kundenstamm haben
Answers of Sahar Nakhaei, International Coordinator of Iranian Pistachio Association to a questionnaire supplied by The Clipper magazine.
Sahar Nakhaei, Internationale Koordinatorin des iranischen Pistazienverbandes, Teheran, antwortet auf Fragen des Clipper.
The Clipper: Two problems came up for the agriculture in general and the pistachio industry in particular: the climatic disaster which led to a major failure of the Iranian pistachio crop 2018/19; secondly the stricter US sanctions. How does your country cope with these challenges and which are the day-to-day effects for exporters and traders? Sahar Nakhaei: Iran’s 2018 pistachio crop experienced an extreme weather shock during bud-break in Spring, which resulted in an estimated crop (IPA’s post-harvest estimate) of around 52,000 t. The most restrictive factor of pistachio production expansion is water scarcity in the traditional regions in Iran. The US sanctions have not had any direct impact on trading Iranian pistachios, since food
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The Clipper: Für die Landwirtschaft im allgemeinen und die Pistazienbranche im besonderen ergaben sich zwei Probleme: die klimatischen Bedingungen, die praktisch zum Ausfall der iranischen Pistazienernte 2018/19 führte; zweitens die zunehmend strengen Sanktionen der USA. Wie geht Ihr Land mit diesen Herausforderungen um und was sind die täglichen Auswirkungen für Exporteure und Händler? Sahar Nakhaei: Die iranische Pistazienernte 2018 erlebte nach der Blüte im Frühjahr einen extremen Wetterschock, der zu einer geschätzten Ernte (IPA-Schätzung nach der Ernte) von rund 52‘000 t anstelle von 150‘000 t führte. Aber der restriktivste Faktor für die rückläufige Pistazienproduktion ist die Wasserknappheit in den traditionellen Anbauregionen des
IRAN commodities were exempt from any international sanctions. However, banking limitations caused an indirect limited barrier to Iranian pistachio exports around the world. This resulted in an increase in the costs of trading for the whole industry. The Clipper: The flower season should be finished by now – fruit development should commence. Does Mother Nature confirm the statements of Industry representants that “next year” (2019) will be much better? Sahar Nakhaei: According to Iran Pistachio Association’s forecast, 2019 will be an on-year for the Iranian pistachio industry. IPA will announce its 2019 Iranian pistachio crop forecast during the upcoming INC congress in Florida. The Clipper: Given the harsh predictions of the US President Donald Trump as facts of reality, which are the markets for Iranian market left over from US sanctions? Sahar Nakhaei: As mentioned earlier; sanctions don’t apply to foods, and until now they have not had any direct impact on pistachio export. But the most important negative effects of sanctions on pistachio industry have been the trading costs and unfair and unequal competition . For example, it’s for a quite long time that the US has subjected the import of Iranian pistachios into the US to unfair antidumping and countervailing duties. In addition, financial and transportation restrictions expose the industry to more risks and compel it to go through unclear channels with higher costs. Up until recent years, Iran was the biggest producer of pistachios in the world, and pistachios have always been in high demand with the very limited amount of carry-over. Even in recent years that Iran fell into the second rank of pistachio production after the US, due to the sharp increase in demand trends, at the end of each marketing year we may run out of pistachios or happen to have a very little carry-over. We at Iran Pistachio Association make efforts to introduce and promote Iranian pistachios all over the
Iran. Die US-Sanktionen hatten keine direkten Auswirkungen auf den Handel mit iranischen Pistazien, da Lebensmittel von internationalen Sanktionen ausgenommen waren. Allerdings führten Beschränkungen beim Finanztranbsfer zu einer indirekten Barriere für iranische Pistazienexporte in die ganze Welt. Dies führte auch zu einem Anstieg der Kosten für die Administration des Handels der gesamten Branche. The Clipper: Die Blütesaison sollte inzwischen abgeschlossen sein - die Fruchtentwicklung hat begonnen. Bestätigt Mutter Natur die Aussagen der Branchenvertreter, dass „nächstes Jahr“ (2019) viel besser sein wird? Sahar Nakhaei: Nach der Prognose der iranischen Pistazienvereinigung wird 2019 ein „On“-Jahr für die Produktion sein. Die IPA wird ihre Prognose für die iranische Pistazienernte 2019 auf dem kommenden INC-Kongress in Florida bekanntgeben. The Clipper: Welche Märkte für den iranischen Markt sind angesichts der Handelsbeschränkungen des US-Präsidenten Donald Trump realistischerweise übriggeblieben? Sahar Nakhaei: Wie bereits erwähnt, gelten Sanktionen nicht für Lebensmittel, und bisher hatten sie keine direkten Auswirkungen auf den Pistazienexport. Aber die wichtigsten negativen Auswirkungen der Sanktionen auf die Pistazienindustrie waren die Handelskosten und der unlautere und ungleiche Wettbewerb. So haben die USA beispielsweise schon seit geraumer Zeit den Import iranischer Pistazien in die USA unfairen Antidumping- und Ausgleichszöllen unterworfen. Darüber hinaus setzen Finanz- und Transportrestriktionen die Branche mehr Risiken aus und zwingen sie, unklare Wege mit höheren Kosten zu gehen. Bis in die letzten Jahre war der Iran der größte Pistazienproduzent der Welt, und Pistazien waren schon immer sehr gefragt mit sehr geringen Mengen Überhang für das nächste Jahr. Noch in den letzten Jahren ist der Iran aufgrund der stark gestiegenen Nachfrage THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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IRAN world by taking part in different international exhibitions. The Clipper: Europe still is one of the major markets for Iranian pistachios. Which are the niches for the time being? Sahar Nakhaei: Iranian pistachios have five advantages when compared with pistachios from other places in the world which are; superior taste, more kernel content per in-shell weight, choice of different varieties, roastability at high temperatures and better tradeability; all of which add a certain uniqueness to Iranian pistachios. Iranian pistachios with these unique characteristics always has its own markets. There are certain niche markets in Europe that offer promotional branded consumption of Iranian in-shell pistachios. Being an advocate of product differentiation, these markets always try to supply Iranian in-shell pistachios as a different product on the shelves. Iranian Green Peeled Pistachio Kernels (GPPK) also enjoy a niche market in the European market. The Clipper: Availability of transportation is one of the key elements of international trade. Shipping lines sailing to the Persian Gulf were more or less
nach den USA in den zweiten Rang der Pistazienproduktion eingestiegen, so dass wir am Ende eines jeden Wirtschaftsjahres möglicherweise keine Pistazien mehr haben oder nur sehr geringe Mengen unverkaufter Ware haben. Wir von der Iran Pistachio Association bemühen uns, iranische Pistazien auf der ganzen Welt durch die Teilnahme an verschiedenen internationalen Ausstellungen bekannter zu machen und zu fördern. The Clipper: Europa ist nach wie vor einer der wichtigsten Märkte für iranische Pistazien. Welche sind die Nischen vorerst? Sahar Nakhaei: Iranische Pistazien haben fünf Vorteile im Vergleich zu Pistazien aus anderen Ländern der Welt: überlegener Geschmack, mehr Kerngehalt pro Schalengewicht, Auswahl verschiedener Sorten, Röstbarkeit bei hohen Temperaturen und bessere Handelbarkeit; all das verleiht iranischen Pistazien eine gewisse Einzigartigkeit. Iranische Pistazien mit diesen einzigartigen Eigenschaften haben immer ihre eigenen Märkte. Es gibt bestimmte Nischenmärkte in Europa, die den werbewirksamen Markenkonsum von iranischen Pistazien in der Schale anbieten. Als Verfechter der Produktdifferenzierung versuchen diese Märkte immer, iranische Pistazien in der Schale als ein anderes Produkt in den Regalen anzubieten. Iranische grün geschälte Pistazienkerne (GPPK) erfreuen sich ebenfalls einer großen Nische auf dem europäischen Markt. The Clipper: Die Verfügbarkeit von Transportmitteln ist eines der Schlüsselelemente des internationalen Handels. Reedereien, die den Persischen Golf bedienen, durften Bandar Abbas anlaufen, nachdem die entsprechenden Sanktionen von der ObamaRegierung teilweise aufgehoben wurden. Wie ist die aktuelle Situation?
Teheran
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Sahar Nakhaei: Die Erhöhung der Transportkosten ist eine der
IRAN
allowed to sail to Bandar Abbas after sanctions were partially lifted by the Obama administration. How is the current situation? Sahar Nakhaei: An increase in the costs of transportation is one of the challenges the industry is currently facing. Transportation limitations have caused an indirect impediment to Iranian pistachio exports around the world. The Clipper: Have there been movements in the political arena aiming for getting into diplomatic contacts regarding the situation in the international trade? Sahar Nakhaei: There has been sporadic efforts here and there, but no concerted effort in this regard. The main obstacles to Iranian pistachio trade are usually domestically imposed. For example, fluctuations in the exchange rate has led to the creation of a foreign exchange control system by the Central Bank of Iran, known as the Neema platform. The exporter in Iran buys pistachios based on the free market exchange rate but is farced by the so-called system to export his product based on the Neema exchange rate.
Herausforderungen, vor denen die Branche derzeit steht. Transportbeschränkungen haben zu einer indirekten Behinderung der iranischen Pistazienexporte in die ganze Welt geführt. The Clipper: Hat es auf der politischen Bühne Demarchen gegeben, die darauf abzielen, diplomatische Kontakte im Hinblick auf den internationalen Handel aufzunehmen? Sahar Nakhaei: Ja, vereinzelte Aktivitäten hier und da, aber keine gemeinsamen Anstrengungen in dieser Hinsicht. Die Haupthindernisse für den iranischen Pistazienhandel existieren in der Regel im Inland. So haben beispielsweise Wechselkursschwankungen zur Schaffung eines Devisenkontrollsystems durch die iranische Zentralbank, der sogenannten Neema-Plattform, geführt. Der Exporteur im Iran kauft Pistazien auf der Grundlage des freien Marktkurses, wird aber durch das so genannte System zum Export seines Produkts auf der Grundlage des Neema-Wechselkurses unterstützt. THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Who knows that there is an easy fix for peanut allergies?
De qué forma se podrían solucionar las alergias a los frutos secos?
While airlines are removing peanuts from their snack offerings and the US and China are talking tough on trade I wanted to know how it all affects the iconic US commodity – peanuts. Axel Breuer talked to Patrick Archer, President of the American Peanut Council about it.
Durante el proceso en el que las aerolíneas están eliminando los cacahuetes de sus menús y a su vez los acuerdos comerciales entre Estados Unidos y China no están en su momento más dulce, queríamos saber cómo le afecta todo esto al icónico producto de Estados Unidos: el cacahuete. Hablamos con Patrick Archer, Presidente del American Peanut Council sobre el tema.
The Clipper: How is global demand and supply looking from the US? Patrick Archer: Generally good, the carry-in to this crop was good. There are plenty of peanuts available. Last year, our exports to Europe were higher, because of the reduced crop in Argentina. Our largest export markets are Canada, Mexico and Europe followed by China and Japan. We have seen some increases with exports to South Korea even though the tariffs are still reasonably high. Since the free trade agreement with Colombia we have seen increases there. Our market in Japan has seen some nice growth over the last 3 years. And there are always future markets like Indonesia.
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The Clipper: ¿Cómo va la oferta y la demanda global para EEUU? Patrick Archer: A rasgos generales, bien, la recogida de la última cosecha fue buena. Hay una gran cantidad de cacahuetes disponibles. El año pasado, nuestras exportaciones a Europa fueron mayores, debido a la reducción de la cosecha en Argentina. Nuestros mayores mercados de exportación son Canadá, México y Europa, seguidos por China y Japón. Nuestro mercado en Japón ha experimentado un buen crecimiento en
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT There did not seem to come a lot of import demand out of China this past year – so our exports to China are down. The two tariff rate increases as a consequence of the trade dispute probably further dampened US exports to China. We are now at a level of 35% tariff plus 11% VAT. Before the dispute started our tariff level was 15%. It has made us uncompetitive in the Chinese market. They still would like to buy peanuts from the US – especially for oil. Roughly 60% of peanuts grown in China are crushed for oil. The Clipper: Let’s talk about climate change and sustainability. Patrick Archer: Climate change is happening: Wet periods and drought periods are going to be longer. And there is more competition for water in our growing regions. Peanuts are well positioned because they are highly sustainable. They are not a year-round plant so they do not consume as much water and other inputs like nuts that grow on a tree. Peanuts are nitrogen-fixing plants. You do not need nitrogen-based fertilizers, peanuts do not need fertilizer. They are already relatively drought-tolerant and use a relatively low amount of water – certainly compared to any other nut. The ecological footprint for a peanut is far better than for animal proteins. Peanuts are one of the most sustainable suppliers of plant-based proteins you can find. It’s going to be an important source of protein in the future.
los últimos 3 años. Hemos visto algunos aumentos en las exportaciones a Corea del Sur, a pesar de que los aranceles siguen siendo altos. Desde el acuerdo de libre comercio con Colombia hemos visto aumentos allí...y siempre hay mercados nuevos a la vista como Indonesia. No hubo mucha demanda para China este año pasado, por lo que nuestras exportaciones allí han disminuido. Los dos consecutivos aumentos en las tarifas arancelarias como consecuencia de la disputa comercial, probablemente debilitaron aún más las exportaciones estadounidenses a China. Ahora estamos afrontando un arancel del 35% más un 11% de IVA. Antes de que comenzara la disputa, el impuesto en aranceles estaba establecido en un 15%. Esto nos ha supuesto no ser competitivos en el mercado chino. Todavía siguen queriendo nuestro producto, especialmente para hacer aceite. Aproximadamente el 60% de los cacahuetes cultivados en China se trituran para obtenerlo. The Clipper: Hablemos de cambio climático y sostenibilidad Patrick Archer: El cambio climático está sucediendo: los períodos húmedos y los períodos de sequía serán cada vez más largos. Y hay más disputa por el agua en nuestras regiones de cultivo. Los cacahuetes están bien posicionados porque son sostenibles en alto grado.
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Patrick Archer, president of the American Peanut Council
Vicki McWilliam, a clinical allergy dietician and researcher at Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia
Nut allergies can stay for a lifetime
Las alergias a los Frutos secos pueden ser de por vida
Tree nuts is the most common food allergy across the globe, said Vicki McWilliam, a clinical allergy dietician and researcher at Royal Children’s Hospital, in a separate presentation on the issue during the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress in Boca Raton.
Las alergias a los Frutos secos son las alergias alimenticias más comunes en todo el mundo, dijo Vicki McWilliam, dietista clínica e investigadora de alergias del Royal Children’s Hospital, en una presentación específica sobre el tema durante el Congreso Mundial de Frutas Desecadas y Frutos Secos en Boca Raton.
Nut allergies affect about 2% of the global population, but it can be as low as less than 1% in Mediterranean countries but more than 10% in some European countries and about 3% in
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Estas alergias afectan a un 2% de la población mundial, registrando cotas tan bajas como un 1% en países mediterráneos, y marcando hasta un 10% en algunos países europeos. Las alergias a los Frutos Secos tienden a durar toda la vida y pueden causar reacciones respiratorias y cardíacas graves, incluso la muerte. No hay
a
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Australia, she said. While many people grow out of other food allergies, nut allergies tend to last a lifetime and can cause severe respiratory and cardiac reactions, even death. There is no treatment for nut allergies, but some research suggests early exposure to infants as young as three to four months can reduce allergic development, said Patrick Archer, president of the American Peanut Council, during the peanut panel.
tratamiento para las alergias a los Frutos Secos, pero algunas investigaciones sugieren que la exposición temprana a bebés de tan solo tres o cuatro meses puede reducir el desarrollo alérgico, dijo Patrick Archer, presidente del American Peanut Council, durante el programa dedicado a los cacahuetes. Los cacahuetes tienen una ventaja en la categoría de crecimiento sostenible, agregó Archer. Debido a que es una planta fijadora de nitrógeno, no requiere mucha fertilización química y necesita relativamente poca agua en comparación con otros Frutos Secos.
Peanuts have an advantage in the nut category on the issue of sustainable growth, Archer added. Because it’s a nitrogen-fixing plant, it doesn’t require much chemical fertilization, and it needs relatively little water compared to other nuts.
„La sostenibilidad es necesaria para hacer negocios en el siglo XXI“, dijo Whitehouse. „Los cacahuetes tienen una historia fantástica de sostenibilidad que contar“.
“Sustainability is necessary to do business in the 21st century,” Whitehouse said. “Peanuts have a fantastic sustainability story to tell.”
CORAVEL THREE SORTING TECHNIQUES
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Almonds
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Peanuts
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Further information & videos: www.helms-technologie.de
SPAIN
Frosts reduce almond production
Las heladas primaverales reducen la cosecha de almendras
by Daphne and Christine Schmidt, Clipper-Spain, Borriol
por Daphne and Christine Schmidt, Clipper-Spain, Borriol
The Spanish winter of 2018/19 was rather “summery”. Due to the high temperatures, the dry weather and the lack of precipitation in the months of January, February and March, the almond blossoms in the production areas were early and good. There were no special occurrences in the further fruit development, at least until the end of March.
El invierno 2018/19 en España ha sido bastante veraniego. Las cálidas temperaturas, el tiempo seco y la ausencia de precipitaciones que se han registrado durante los meses de enero, febrero y marzo, ha permitido una temprana y buena floración de los almendros en la mayoría de las zonas productoras.
In some areas, such as the province of Castellón, almonds of good calibre can already be
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El desarrollo posterior de los frutos también está teniendo lugar sin grandes contratiempos, o por lo menos hasta finales de marzo.
SPAIN seen due to the rainfall in autumn. The following spring, on the other hand, resembled rather a winter with cold and precipitation in practically all of Spain. The drastic drop in temperature brought snow in the higher areas and the dreaded frosts in the interior. The latter were not very welcome, especially from the fruit and almond growers, who saw part of their harvest lost. Largest damage in Albacete According to information received in early April by technicians of Asaja Castilla La Mancha, the first estimates show that the provinces of Albacete, Cuenca and the county of Los Yébenes (Toledo) were most affected by the frosts at the end of March. The damage caused - by both early and late varieties - could lead to a 70% drop in harvests compared to the previous year. The province of Albacete has the largest losses. In some areas all production was lost. Other production areas that also recorded night frosts, albeit to a lesser extent, are the interior of Murcia, the country of Valencia and Aragón. According to the insurance company Agroseguro, more than 12,200 ha of arable land have been reported as damaged, of which 6,000 ha are planted with almonds (preliminary data). On the positive side there are heavy precipitations after a particularly dry winter. That is good news. The trees are clean again, and the Spanish water reserves have also recovered somewhat, although they were at a very low level in mid-April with only 57% of the dam capacity. It also works to the positive side that the frosts in the affected Murcian areas slowed down the biological development of the almond pest “Avispilla del almendro” (Eurytoma amygdali) or even destroyed entire populatipons.
En algunas zonas como por ejemplo en la provincia de Castellón y gracias a las lluvias que se registraron en otoño, se observan frutos de buen tamaño. Sin embargo la primavera ha llegado más bien invernal, con mucho frio y lluvia en prácticamente todo el país. La drástica bajada del mercurio ha traído consigo nieve en zonas altas y las temidas heladas en zonas del interior. Éstas últimas no han sido tan bienvenidas, especialmente por los productores de frutas y almendras quienes han visto cómo parte de su cosecha se ha echado a perder. Albacete la más afectada Según informaban a principios de abril los técnicos de Asaja Castilla La Mancha y tras una primera valoración, los efectos de las heladas registradas a finales de marzo se han dejado notar especialmente en la provincia de Albacete, Cuenca y en el municipio toledano de Los Yébenes. Los daños (tanto en variedades tempranas como en tardías) podrían reducir la cosecha en estos lugares un 70% respecto a la campaña anterior. Albacete es la provincia donde los daños han sido mayores y en algunas parcelas se ha perdido la totalidad de la cosecha. Otras regiones productoras que se han visto afectadas por las heladas, aunque en menor medida, han sido el interior de la Región de Murcia, Comunidad Valenciana y Aragón.
The insurer further explained that the situation of this year’s spring frosts is similar to last year’s, when there were also hailstorms. This was also the case in the last few weeks, but it mainly affected other THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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SWITZERLAND
Annual General Meeting 2019 - AGM Nestle 2019 - Lausanne
Organic growth and profitability increased
L’Assemblée générale ordinaire de Nestlé S.A.
Nestlé S.A., the world’s largest food company and the Number One business activities in Switzerland had invited their shareholders to the 152th Annual General Meeting in the Palais Beaulieu in Lausanne on April 11, 2019.
L‘assemblée générale annuelle de Nestlé S.A. a eu lieu le 11 avril 2019 au Palais Baulieu à Lausanne
In his address to the Annual meeting, Nestlé Chairman Paul Bulcke said: “In today’s context, Nestlé’s Nutrition, Health and Wellness strategy is more relevant than ever. It clearly meets the needs and tastes of our consumers and society. It can also help address one of the major challenges we will be facing by 2050: to feed a global population of 10 billion people in a healthy and sustainable manner.” He stated: “This strategy is inspired by the purpose that has driven Nestlé for over 150
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Dans son allocution, le Président de Nestlé, Paul Bulcke, a souligné: «Dans le contexte actuel, notre stratégie Nutrition, Santé et Bien-être est plus que jamais d’actualité. Elle répond clairement aux besoins et aux goûts de nos consommateurs et de la société. Elle peut également contribuer à relever l’un des principaux défis auxquels nous serons confrontés d’ici 2050, à savoir nourrir une population mondiale de 10 milliards de personnes de façon saine et durable». Il a également ajouté que: «Cette stratégie s’inspire de la raison d’être de Nestlé depuis plus de 150 ans: améliorer la qualité de vie
SWITZERLAND years: enhancing quality of life and contributing to a healthier future. We are a company that operates on the basic principle that the intention is to create shared value.” Nestlé CEO Ulf Mark Schneider commented on the 2018 results: “Our continuous efforts over the past years are bearing fruit. Organic growth and profitability improved significantly. We also took important decisions which led to a sharpening of our strategy focused on food, beverages and nutritional health products.” Speaking about the various sustainability initiatives launched last year, he highlighted Nestlé’s commitment to tackle plastic waste: “We have a strong commitment to the environment. Tackling plastic pollution is an urgent priority for us. It requires a broad set of well-coordinated actions and sustained effort. There is no simple solution to this complex problem.”
et contribuer à un avenir plus sain. Notre entreprise opère selon un principe de base qui est de conduire nos affaires pour créer de la valeur partagée. De la valeur pour vous, nos actionnaires, et de la valeur pour la société.» Mark Schneider, Administrateur délégué de Nestlé, a déclaré au sujet de l’année écoulée: «Nos efforts continus durant ces dernières années portent leurs fruits. Notre croissance organique et notre profitabilité ont progressé de façon significative. Nestlé a pris un certain nombre de décisions importantes, qui ont toutes conduit au recentrage de notre stratégie sur l’alimentation, les boissons et les produits de santé nutritionnelle.» Concernant les diverses initiatives de développement durable lancées au cours de l’année, il a souligné l’engagement de Nestlé dans la lutte contre le gaspillage du plastique: «Nous sommes fortement impliqués dans la
1830 shareholders attended the Nestlé S.A. Annual General Meeting in Lausanne. They represented 56,7% of the capital and 79,6% of the shares entitled to vote. The annual review and the accounts were approved. The shareholders further approved the proposed dividend of CHF2.45 per share and the proposed capital reduction. The shareholders elected Dick Boer, former President and CEO of Ahold Delhaize N.V., and Dinesh Paliwal, President and CEO of Harman International Industries Inc.,
Paul Bulcke, Nestlé Chairman
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SWITZERLAND sauvegarde de l’environnement. Lutter contre la pollution due au plastique est une priorité urgente pour nous. Cela requiert un éventail d’actions coordonnées et un effort constant. Il n’y a pas de solution simple à un problème complexe.» 1830 actionnaires ont participé à l’Assemblée générale ordinaire de Nestlé S.A. aujourd’hui à Lausanne, représentant 56,7% du capital et 79,6% des actions assorties d’un droit de vote. Les actionnaires ont approuvé le rapport annuel et les comptes annuels, de même que le dividende proposé de CHF 2.45 par action, ainsi que la proposition de réduction du capital.
Mark Schneider, Nestlé CEO a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., as new members of the Board. Two directors, Jean-Pierre Roth and Ruth Oniang’o, did not stand for re-election as they have reached the age limit set out in the Board Regulations. The Board warmly thanked them for their highly appreciated services and important contributions as directors. The shareholders elected the Chairman and all other members of the Board of Directors individually for a term of office until the end of the next Annual General Meeting. The shareholders approved prospectively the total compensation of the Board of Directors and the Executive Board.
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Les actionnaires ont élu Dick Boer, ancien Président et CEO d’Ahold Delhaize N.V., et Dinesh Paliwal, Président et CEO de Harman International Industries Inc., une filiale de Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., pour siéger au Conseil d’administration. Deux administrateurs, Jean-Pierre Roth et Ruth Oniang’o, ne se sont pas représentés pour un nouveau mandat, car ils ont atteint la limite d’âge imposée par le Règlement d’organisation du Conseil d’administration. Ils ont été chaudement remerciés par le Conseil d’administration pour les services hautement appréciés qu’ils ont rendus et les importantes contributions qu’ils ont fournies dans leur fonction. Les actionnaires ont élu le Président et tous les autres membres du Conseil d’administration individuellement pour un mandat qui s’achève à la fin de l’Assemblée générale ordinaire suivante. Les actionnaires ont approuvé prospectivement la rémunération totale du Conseil d’administration et de la Direction du Groupe. Ils ont également approuvé le rapport de rémunération 2018 de Nestlé dans le cadre d’un vote consultatif.
Photo: Photoshare / Oleg
RUSSIA
Investors have put their eyes on former Soviet republics
Los inversores han puesto sus ojos en los estados post-Soviéticos
by Oleg Nikishenkov, Clipper Russia, Moscow
por Oleg Nikishenkov, Clipper Rusia, Moscú
It looks like a nut gardening business in former Soviet republics becomes an interesting opportunity for the multinational investment community. Investors have discovered that the southern regions of the former USSR have a sunny and warm climate and rich soils. Besides, these in many cases abandoned places are usually well irrigated (thanks to soviet melioration programs) and currently enjoy great quantity of inexpensive labor force due to wide-spread structural crisis and local currencies inflation.
Parece que el negocio de frutos secos en las antiguas repúblicas soviéticas se está convirtiendo en una oportunidad interesante para la comunidad multinacional de inversión. Los inversores han descubierto que las regiones al sur de la antigua URSS tienen un clima soleado y cálido además de suelos ricos. En muchos casos, los lugares abandonados suelen estar bien irrigados (gracias a los programas de mejoramiento soviético) y actualmente gozan de una gran cantidad de mano de obra barata debido a la crisis estructural generalizada y a la inflación de las monedas locales.
At the end of 2018 and several high-profile international companies announced their solid intentions to establish production facilities in the area. One of the most noticeable deal so far was a project of V. Besana, San Gennaro, Italy, in Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Besana has set a goal to enhance cultivation of walnuts, hazelnuts, and almonds and then to create a supply chain project with producers in Eastern Europe, Central Europe, and Central Asia. In its
A finales del 2018, varias compañías internacionales importantes anunciaron sus sólidas intenciones de establecer instalaciones de producción en ese área. Uno de los acuerdos más notables hasta ahora fue un proyecto de V. Besana, de Italia, en Kazajstán y Ucrania. Besana ha establecido una meta en la mejora del cultivo de nueces, avellanas y almendras, y después, crear un proyecto en cadena de THE CLIPPER 2-2019
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