G4_Main_T2_CMS by Uolo

Computer Science

TERM II

About the Book This book embodies the principles outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It unveils the world of computer science through a unique and captivating pedagogical approach—seamlessly integrating curriculum content into the mesmerizing adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional figures hailing from the enchanting world of Avora. Our aim is to prepare learners for the dynamic and technology-driven landscape of the 21st century, equipping them with the essential skills they need to thrive in an ever-evolving world.

Accelerate

COMPUTER SCIENCE GRADE 4

Special Features • Explore More: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept. This element builds curiosity in children and helps them grasp concepts through digital visual aids. 4

• Discuss: Questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom. • Think and Tell: Probing questions to stimulate thinking at an individual level. • Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept. • Points to Remember: Chapter end summary. • Do It Yourself: Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts. • Chapter Checkup: A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.

About Uolo Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 10,000 schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.

Singapore

Gurugram

CS_CB_Grade4_ICSE_Cover_CMT2.indd All Pages

Bengaluru

hello@uolo.com �249

NEP 2020 based

Technology powered

12/02/24 1:45 PM

ICSE

COMPUTER SCIENCE Grade 4 Term II

The Magic of the Keystone

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Foreword

Standing at the forefront of the digital and AI revolution, the importance of coding and computational skills has reached unprecedented heights. In today’s professional landscape, whether it’s in the fields of medicine, space exploration, education, science, or business, no sector remains untouched by this transformative wave. To not just survive but thrive in the 21st century, basic computer literacy is no longer sufficient. Learners must evolve into “digital natives” who can fluently read, write, and communicate in the languages that machines and AI comprehend. Recognizing this imperative, the National Education Policy of 2020 (NEP 2020) has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum. Moreover, forward-looking subjects like AI, Data Sciences, Computer Applications, and IT have been introduced as elective subjects from grade 9 onwards. It wouldn’t be surprising if further transformative measures are taken even at the elementary education level. Uolo has introduced an innovative 360-degree program for a coding-focused computer science curriculum, known as Tekie, spanning grades 1 to 8. Tekie is a significant stride towards STEM education that aims at making learners future ready—enabling them with skills needed in the ever-changing, technology-driven, and dynamic 21st-century world. Tekie adopts a captivating and engaging approach to learning, in line with the recommendations of the NEP 2020. The curriculum is ingeniously woven into the thrilling adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional characters from the enchanting land of Avora. The Mel and Conji series epitomizes a modern method of acquiring Computer Science knowledge and honing coding skills and computational thinking. Tekie is a technology-empowered curriculum that encompasses a few key components: • • • •

Main Content Books: These introduce learners to the theory of computer science and the tools used in the field. Topics in AI are also covered, along with experiential and curiosity-based learning resources. Coding Book: Specifically designed to nurture coding skills, this booklet aligns with the experiential and contextual learning approach of the curriculum, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Animated Learning Videos: The program is powered by high-quality animation-based learning videos that deliver learning in an engaging manner. Teacher Manual: This valuable resource supports classroom instruction, ensuring that educators can effectively deliver the curriculum.

Welcome to the captivating realm of Tekie! We hope you relish this educational journey as it equips you with the tools you need to thrive in the exciting and ever-changing world of the 21st century.

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Key Chapter Elements Each chapter has been divided into two key sections. Section A: Story-based Comic In every grade, students embark on an immersive experience in the “Adventures of Mel and Conji.” Within each chapter, in the initial section (Section A), the story unfolds, enveloping learners in an exciting journey. Through the story, students actively connect with fundamental concepts in the realm of Computer Science. Section B: Computer Science Concepts This section of the chapter focuses on the essential academic content. It provides the learning goals and assists teachers in their classroom instruction. This section also includes the following academic assets: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept.

HOTS questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom.

Discuss!

This element builds curiosity in children and helps them grasp concepts through digital visual aids.

Discuss and share one example of data and information with your partner.

Explore More! Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.

Computers are becoming stronger and tinier. Know more about it here!

Did You Know?

The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur was built by the king Sawai Jai Singh II. It is the world’s largest stone sundial!

This is the chapter summary. It enables learners to glance through all key concepts covered in the chapter. Probing questions to stimulate HOTS at individual level.

Think and Tell Name a few devices around you and say how you use them.

Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts.

A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.

iii

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Introduction to Avora

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Places in Avora

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Meet the Characters

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viii

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Contents

Exploring Internet..............................................................................................................1 

About Internet



Basic Requirements for an Internet Connection



Basic Terminologies of Internet

The Internet of Things.....................................................................................................17 

Introduction to Internet of Things



Smart Devices

Stepwise Thinking.............................................................................................................31 

Understanding Stepwise Thinking



Learn with Examples

Creating Presentations....................................................................................................42 

Introduction to Presentation



Adding and Moving Text



Working with Slides



Working with Shape and Images



Presenting a Slide

Introduction to Scratch 3.0..............................................................................................65 

Block-based Coding



Scratch 3.0



Creating a Project



Components of Scratch

Scratch Blocks...................................................................................................................75 

Motion Blocks



Looks Blocks



Events Blocks



Sound Blocks



Control Blocks ix

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Making a Scratch Project.................................................................................................84 

Naming a Project



Deleting a Sprite



Adding a Sprite



Positioning a Sprite



Moving a Sprite



Pen Extension



Drawing a Line



Saving a Scratch Project



Opening an Existing Scratch Project

Drawing Shapes................................................................................................................98 

Drawing a Square



Drawing a Circle

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ICSE_G4 Term 2.indb 1

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Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

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The Internet: A Window to the World Imagine your cousin lives in a faraway city. It is his birthday and you want to wish him. You can video call him and give him your best wishes. But how does a video call work? The internet makes it possible! Our phone is connected to the internet which allows us to video call another person. The term internet stands for “Interconnected Network”. A network is a group of computers connected to each other. The internet is a network of networks that connects computers and devices from all over the world. It allows people to share and collect information, and communicate with each other.

The Internet: How It All Began The internet is a very important part of our lives today. But how did it all begin? Let us see the timeline to know more about it.

Explore More!

The internet has changed over time. Find out more about it here!

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Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

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Discuss!

What would our lives be without internet?

Did You Know?

India has the second-largest internet user base in the world, with over 70 crore users.

Basic Requirements for an Internet Connection We need a computer and an internet connection to start exploring the internet. To set up an internet connection, we need the following:

Modem Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator. It is a device that helps your computer connect to the internet. A modem converts digital signals into analog signals, and also analog signals into digital signals. But what are analog and digital signals? Let us find out. Think of a switch on the switchboard of your house. You can do only two things with the switch—turn it on or turn it off. That is what a digital signal is. The signal either comes in or does not come in. Now think of the fan speed knob, or regulator, on the switchboard. It changes the speed at which the fan spins, instead of just switching it on or off. We can have the fan spin at the fastest speed, reduce it to a slower speed, then much slower, and finally switch it off. We can do more things with the regulator than the switch. That is how analog signal is.

Think and Tell

Can you think of more examples of Analog and Digital signals?

ISP An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet.

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Communication Media Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.

1. DSL DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.

2. Cable

DSL

Cable wire is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.

3. Fibre ibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays F to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.

Cable

Fibre Optic

Discuss!

Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.

Do It Yourself 1A 1

Find and mark the words in the Word Puzzle box. Words: I SP INTERNET MODEM FIBRE CABLE

Word Puzzle A

Q T

R J

H E

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Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

C F

Y S I

R E

H T

O E

M E

D L I

D F

O P

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Write T for True and F for False. a An ISP is a company that provides you an internet connection. b The modem is like a translator between your computer and the internet. c The DSL is the fastest type of internet connection.

Basic Terminologies of Internet Webpages A webpage is a digital document on the internet. It can have text, images, videos, and other content.

Websites A website is a collection of webpages that are all related to each other.

WWW (World Wide Web) The WWW, or World Wide Web, is a huge source of information that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. It is a collection of websites with pages of information on the internet. You can use it to learn new things, stay connected with friends and family, and entertain yourself.

Web Browser A web browser is a program that lets you see websites on the internet. To see a website, you need to type the website’s address into a web browser and press Enter. Examples of web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Firefox, Opera, etc.

Safari

Chrome

Firefox

Opera

Microsoft Edge

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We can use a web browser to perform the following tasks:

Google Chrome Google Chrome is a web browser made by Google. It is one of the most popular browsers in the world. It is fast and easy to use, and it has a lot of features, such as the ability to sync your bookmarks and browsing history across devices.

Opening Google Chrome

Steps to open Google Chrome: 1.

Select Start.

Search for “Google Chrome”.

Click on the app icon to open it.

When the Chrome web page opens, you will see that it has many parts. Here are the most important ones: 1. Address bar: This is where you type in the address of a website. 2. Back and forward buttons: These buttons allow you to go back or forward to the previous or the next page.

Refresh button: This button reloads the page if it’s not loading properly.

Tabs: Tabs allow us to open multiple websites at the same time.

Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

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Bookmarks: Bookmarks allow us to save websites to visit again later. 4

5 1

Other than the main options, we can find some additional options in Google Chrome. We can find these options if we click on the triple dot button in the top right-hand corner of the browser. • Print: This option allows you to print the current webpage.

• Zoom: This option allows you to zoom in or out of the current webpage. • History: This option allows you to see a list of all the websites you have visited recently.

Search Engines Search engines help you find information on the internet. The internet has billions of websites. So you can find almost anything instantly. Some examples of search engines are: •

i s the most popular search engine in the world. It has a vast database of websites and can help you find almost anything you’re looking for.

•

i s the second most popular search engine in the world. It is owned by Microsoft and is often used as the default search engine on Windows computers.

•

i s a search engine that was created in 1994. It is one of the world’s oldest and most popular search engines.

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URL Imagine you are going to your friend’s house for the first time. Your friend tells you his house address, which helps you find your friend’s house. Similarly, when we want to open a website, we need a Uniform Resource Locator, or URL. It is like a website’s address. It tells your computer where the website is located on the internet. It is a unique address that identifies a website on the internet.

Net Surfing Net surfing is visiting websites, watching videos, listening to music, and doing other things online. To netsurf, you need a computer or a mobile device with an internet connection and a web browser. It is a way to find new things to learn about and have fun.

Do It Yourself 1B 1

What does the term ‘www’ stand for? a World Wild Web

b World Wide Web

c Web World Wide

d World Wide Windows

Match the column: Column A

Column B Opera

Microsoft Edge

Google Chrome

Safari Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

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Points to Remember 1

The internet is a network of computers all over the world.

A modem is like a translator between our computer and the internet.

An ISP (Internet Service Provider) gives us access to the internet.

ISPs offer different types of connections, like DSL, cable, and fibre optic.

Google Chrome is a popular web browser.

Search engines help us find information on the internet.

A webpage is a digital document on the internet. It can have text, images, videos, and other content.

A website is a collection of webpages that are all related to each other.

Every website on the internet has a specific URL (Uniform Resource Locator). This is a unique address for a website and helps us find it on the internet.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

Uniform Resource Locator

The internet is a big network of

The first network was called

A web browser is a program that lets you see

Search engines help you find

URL is short for

information

websites

ARPANET

computers

all over the world. . on the internet. on the internet. .

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What is the internet? a A big library of information c

place to find new things A to learn about and have fun

b A way to connect computers all over the world d All of the above

What is a web browser? a A program that lets you see websites on the internet c

A collection of web pages

b A device used to connect to the internet d None of these

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What is net surfing? a Browsing the internet to visit various websites c

Typing a document

d None of these

What is the purpose of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)? a T o access websites on the internet c

b Connecting to a modem

o connect devices to the T computer

b T o connect to the internet service provider (ISP) d T o translate websites into other languages

What is the main function of a modem? a T o connect our computer to the internet and exchange information between the two c

o help us find an internet T service provider

b T o help us type the URL of a website d T o help us secure our computer

C. Who Am I? 1

I am the address of a website that you type into the address bar of your web browser.

I help you find information on the internet by showing you a list of websites related to your search.

I am a place on the internet where you can find information, play games, or buy things.

I am responsible for exchanging information between your computer and the internet.

I use your telephone lines to connect you to the internet.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

The internet is like a big library that contains information and data.

The internet started in the 1960s as a way for scientists to share information.

ARPANET was the first network created for connecting computers.

An internet connection doesn’t require a modem or an internet service provider (ISP).

DSL is a type of internet connection that uses a telephone line to transmit data.

Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

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E. Answer the Following. 1

What is the internet?

Distinguish between analog and digital signal. Give examples of each.

What is a webpage?

What are the basic requirements for an internet connection?

What are search engines used for?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

How can Riya use the internet to send a birthday greeting to her friend who lives in a different city? What does she need?

Abeer lives in a remote village where no modern cables are available. Which type of internet connection can he look for?

Rohan is confused about the difference between a webpage and a website. Can you help him?

Lovey wants to search for some information on the internet using a search engine. Can you suggest the names of some popular search engines that she can use?

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Chapter 1 • Exploring Internet

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Chapter 2 • The Internet of Things

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Internet of Things In the previous chapter, we learnt that the internet refers to “Interconnected Network”. It is a network through which our computer can communicate with computers across the world.

Similarly, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that can all be connected over the internet and, can work with one another.

Imagine a futuristic home that operates on IoT. This home has uninterrupted internet and all devices are connected to it!

There is a camera on the front that secures your home. When you come home, the camera identifies your face and opens the door automatically for you. The camera also informs all the devices that you are home. The air conditioner knows that you prefer your room cool. So it turns itself on for you and sets the temperature accordingly!

Discuss!

What do you think we would need to have such an IoT-based home?

If you have come home in the evening, the lights turn themselves on. Your TV knows that your favourite show is on, so it asks you if you want to watch it. This is how IoT works.

Features of IoT Now that we know how IoT works, let us list its main features, one by one, in the given table. Feature

Meaning

Connectivity

Connecting devices together

Analysing

Observing our usage

Automation

Making things happen on their own

Safety and Security Scalability

Keeping things safe Handling more or less devices, as needed

Chapter 2 • The Internet of Things

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Purpose

IoT connects devices to the internet, letting them share information with each other.

IoT observes how we use our devices so that it can keep helping us. IoT can make devices do things automatically based on your likes and dislikes. IoT helps you keep your devices and data safe.

IoT can handle as many devices as you need. You can add more devices to it or remove them if you don’t need them anymore. 21

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IoT-enabled Devices Nowadays, there are so many devices that can be connected to the internet, like watches, speakers, TVs, refrigerators, cameras, fans, ACs and so on. But are these all IoT devices? Not necessarily! Any device that can be connected to the internet does not necessarily mean that it can be connected to an IoT-based home. Devices that can be connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices in the network are called IoT-enabled devices.

Applications of IoT Let us now see real-life applications of IoT.

IoT in Agriculture In agriculture, water is crucial! You need just the right amount. If you water too little, the crop fails. The crop can also fail if you over-water the field. Sensors are small electronic devices that can “feel” and sense things like temperature, light, movement, moisture and so on. In this case, we use sensors that can sense the moisture in the soil. These sensors tell the watering device how much water to release to the crop and when.

Explore More!

Do you want to know more about IoT in Agriculture and how it helps farmers? Lets see here!

This IoT increases the farmer’s produce.

IoT in Medicine In distant areas, hospitals are sometimes too far away from people. But, patients who have been unwell for longer periods of time need care and monitoring of their health. IoT helps such patients. Nowadays, we have watch-like devices that monitor a patient’s heart beats, body temperature, blood pressure and so on. The device keeps collecting the data and creates a report on the doctor’s screen. Think and Tell So, the doctor need not physically visit Which are the connected devices the distant place to examine the patient. that are communicating in this case?

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If the device finds that the patient is really unwell, it could even report to the hospital to send an ambulance.

Do It Yourself 2A Fill in the blanks. that can be connected through the internet and can a IoT is a network of with one another.

evices in an IoT b D help us. c We can preferences.

our usage and can then perform tasks or

the number of devices connected in IoT per our

Write T for True and F for False.

a All devices that can be connected on the internet are IoT enabled devices. mall electronic devices that can sense temperature, light or movement b S are called sensors. c IoTs are contributing to advances in agriculture and healthcare.

Smart Devices Devices that can be connected to the internet and have many advanced features are called Smart Devices. Let us understand this concept of ‘smartness’ through the following examples.

Smart Speakers A smart speaker can do many things that a regular speaker cannot! A smart speaker can: 1.

Listen to what you say and reply.

Play your favourite music anytime you want.

Answer your questions.

Set timers to help you remember things.

Control other smart devices, as you ask.

Chapter 2 • The Internet of Things

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Explore More! Ever heard of Alexa? See how Smart Speakers work with it!

Did You Know?

Amazon Echo, the first smart speaker, was launched on November 6, 2014.

Smartwatches A smartwatch is a watch that not only tells the time but can do many other things such as: 1.

Count the number of steps when you walk or run.

Answer calls and show messages.

2. 4. 5. 6.

Check your heartbeat.

Show you weather updates. Play music.

Remind you of important things.

Smart TVs A smart TV can: 1. Be connected to the internet, just like our smartphone or computer. 2. Be switched on/off, be asked to play channels, record, etc. using our smartphone.

FPO

3. Put on our favourite shows and films, both online and on cable.

4. Download and play our favourite games from the app store. 5. Be used like a monitor. We can also watch pictures and videos stored in the phone or computer on the TV.

Smart Refrigerators A smart refrigerator is a high-tech refrigerator that can: 1. Auto-adjust the temperature by sensing the temperature outside.

2. Keep a record of your food list, and it will give you a reminder when you’re running low on your favourite food item. 3.

Give you recipes and cooking tips.

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4. Take pictures of the food inside to see what’s in it without opening it. 5. Remind you about the food that is about to expire.

Explore More!

Let us see a real Smart Refrigerator in action!

Smart Cars A smart car is a car with amazing features, like: 1. Voice control through which we can make it do things for us like playing music, adjusting the temperature and opening or close windows. 2. Smart sensing, that allows it to stay in a lane keeping a safe distance from other vehicles. 3. Finding the best route and staying away from traffic. 4. Connecting our smartphone with it and making hands-free calls. 5.

Parking itself smoothly in the parking space.

Locking or unlocking the car doors automatically.

Smart Light Bulbs A smart light bulb looks like a normal bulb but it has many interesting features. We can: 1. Control a smart light bulb using our smartphone or a smart speaker. 2. Adjust its brightness based on the brightness of the surroundings. 3.

Change light colour to any colour you want.

Set the light on and off schedule.

Save energy as they use power smartly.

Explore More! See this Smart Lighting system that includes many Smart Lights!

Chapter 2 • The Internet of Things

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Do It Yourself 2B Which of the following is true about Smart Devices?

hey can be connected to the a T internet

c They can be connected to an IoT

hey have advanced technological b T features d All of the above

What can a smart speaker do that a normal speaker cannot?

a Play loud music

b Work on a battery that is rechargeable

ear our instructions and play c H the music that we want to hear

d Connect to a computer by wire

What can a smartwatch do that a normal watch cannot?

a Tell the time

b Tell the date

c Tell your heartbeat

d Work on a battery.

What can a smart TV do that a normal TV cannot?

a Play videos

b Play movies

c Play channels

e able to pause a playing video using d B a mobile phone

What can a smart refrigerator do that a normal refrigerator cannot?

a Keep the food cold

b Make ice

utomatically adjust the freezer’s c A temperature per the temperature outside

d Run on electricity

What can a smart car do that a normal car cannot?

a Consume fuel while running c Play music

n a trip, suggest a route with less b O traffic d Honk

Points to Remember 1

IoT is a network of devices that can all be connected over the internet and can work with one another.

An IoT requires devices that can connect to the internet. These connected devices should be able to communicate with one another.

IoT is a new technology that is growing fast. We find its application in new fields every day!

Devices that can connect to the internet and have many advanced features are called Smart devices. Smart speakers, smart watches, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, smart cars, and smart light bulbs are all examples of smart devices.

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Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

communicate

light bulbs

connected

electronic

sensing feature

Smart

IoT-enabled devices are those that can be other IoT enabled devices.

A smart car is a car that stays in a lane at a safe distance from other vehicles with its

Sensors are small surroundings.

can be turned off using a mobile phone. to the internet and can

with .

devices that can “feel” light, heat, sound and movement in their

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What does IoT stand for? a Internet of Things

b Impact of Things

c Internet of Technology

d Impact of Technology

What is one of the main features of IoT? a Connectivity

b Analysing

c Automation

d All of the above

What can we do with the brightness control feature of smart bulbs? a Change colours

b Make it dim or bright

c Play music

d Set the light on or off schedule

How can you control IoT devices? a Using switches

b Using a smartphone or smart speaker

c Using a TV

d Using a key

C. Who Am I? 1

I can be connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices like me in the network.

I am an electronic device. I can feel the temperature around me and pass the message on to the devices connected to me.

You ride on me. You can talk to me and ask me the fastest route to your destination.

I count your steps when you walk or run, check your heartbeat, answer calls, and show messages.

Chapter 2 • The Internet of Things

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Just tell me what you want to hear?—your favourite song, or a poem perhaps? I am connected to the internet, I can tell you everything.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

A smart speaker cannot play music or answer questions.

Smart refrigerators keep track of your food list and remind you when you are running low on your favourite food item.

Smart cars can listen to your voice commands and play your favourite songs.

All smart devices are also IoT devices.

IoT is a network of connected devices that can communicate with one another.

E. Answer the Following. 1

What is IoT?

What are the features of IoT?

How is a smart speaker different from a regular speaker?

Are all smart devices IoT enabled? Explain the difference between the two.

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Suresh’s office security is IoT enabled. He stands in front of a camera that recognizes his face. The security door then automatically opens. His attendence is also automatically marked. He walks to his office and turns the light on and starts working. Which devices mentioned here are IoT enabled?

Amit goes to the grocery store. He cannot remember if he has enough milk at home or not. What do you think can help him check that?

Mr Kapoor has a smart car and driver. Mr Kapoor suddenly gets a message on his phone that his car is overspeeding. How do you think this happened?

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Chapter 2 • The Internet of Things

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Chapter 3 • Stepwise Thinking

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Understanding Stepwise Thinking Imagine that guests are coming to visit you. Your mother tells you to clean your room. How will you clean it? What steps will you follow to solve this problem? Look at the solution given here: 1.

First, see what is making the room look untidy.

a. The clothes are scattered on the bed.

b. The shoes and toys are on the floor.

c. The table is disorganised and dusty.

Fix each of these problems one by one.

3. Clean the bed first. Sort your clothes, fold them and put them in the almirah. 4. Then, pick up your shoes and toys from the floor. Put them in the right place. 5. Lastly, tidy your table and organise it. Your room is clean now! Did you notice that we just solved a problem step by step? When we try to find a solution to a problem, it is known as problem solving. We often solve problems using stepwise thinking. Stepwise thinking means to think step by step to complete a task or solve a problem. We can solve many day-to-day problems by just thinking in steps as we did in the example above. Let us understand how we solve a problem in a stepwise manner. Step 1: We identify the problem. Step 2: We break the problem down into smaller parts. Step 3: We solve each part of the problem separately. We identified the problem.

We broke the problem down into smaller parts.

We solved each part of the problem separately.

The room was untidy.

The toys and shoes were on the floor.

Put the toys back in their place

The clothes were on the bed.

The table was untidy and disorganised.

Folded clothes and put them in the almirah Tidied the table

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Suppose you are asked, “Why did you work so hard? You could have just stuffed the clothes in the almirah and locked it. Nobody would have noticed.” What do you think your answer could be? It could be like this: “If I had just stuffed my clothes in the almirah, it would be hard to find my clothes. Also, the almirah would be untidy.” What you just did was reasoning. You thought about the real problems that you could face if you had stuffed your almirah with your clothes untidily. These real problems were your ‘facts’. And you decided that it was better if you fold your clothes neatly and put them tidily in the almirah. The act of thinking about the facts to make a decision is called reasoning. While thinking stepwise, reasoning helps us to think about a task in a better way and understand more clearly if the solution we have thought of is correct or not. Reasoning helps us make better choices and come up with better solutions.

Learn with Examples Imagine you want to go on a picnic. Look at how it can be planned using stepwise thinking. We identify the problem.

Plan a picnic.

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We break the problem down.

We solve each part of the problem separately.

Who will come?

Make a list of people.

When and where?

Choose the picnic spot and time.

What will we eat?

Make a list of food items that we could get for the picnic.

What will we do/play?

Make a list of the activities.

What will we wear?

Choose the clothes we would like to wear to the picnic.

How will we get there?

Make a list of ways we could travel to the picnic spot. 35

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Think and Tell

Can you think of some other steps that can be included in this example?

Steps

Things to Do on a Picnic

Step 1: Who will come? First, think about and decide on the people who you would like to go with on a picnic. If you would like to invite your friends, write down the list of friends with whom you would like to go on a picnic. Step 2: When and where? Then, choose a picnic spot and time. You can write down a list of places like a park, at a beach, or a place in the countryside. Also, discuss with your friends or family and write down a list of dates when all of you are free for a picnic. Step 3: What will you eat?

Make a list of items that you want to eat at the picnic. They could be simple-to-make food, like sandwiches. You could also make a list of items that you can buy and take with you, like crisps, cold drinks, paper plates, reusable spoons, dustbin bags, and a mat that you can sit on. Step 4: What will you do? Then, make a list of games like ludo, carrom, badminton, or frisbee. Also make a list of fun activities that you can do together, like guessing-games, singing, and charades. Step 5: What will you wear? Think about and decide on the kind of clothes you can wear to the picnic. If it is a summer day, choose light, airy, cotton clothes. If it is a winter afternoon, choose warmer clothes. Step 6: How will you go? Make a list of how you can go to the place you want to picnic, like taking your own car, or hiring a car, or travelling in a bus.

Think and Tell

Can you think of some other step that can be included in this case study?

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Finding the Lost Watch Imagine you lost your favourite watch at school. What will you do? Let us use stepwise thinking to solve this problem. We identify the problem.

Find the lost watch.

We break the problem down.

We solve each part of the problem separately.

Where did you lose your watch?

Think about where you were at your school when you last had your watch on your hand.

When did you lose your watch?

Think of the last time you saw your watch. In which period was it or at what time was it?

Who can you ask?

Make a list of people at school whom you can ask about your watch.

How do you inform everyone at school?

Put up a notice on the school’s and your class’s notice board.

What do you do when you find it?

Thank the person who helped you find it.

Think and Tell

Can you think of some other step that can be included in this example?

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Steps Step 1: Where did you lose your watch? Think about where you could have lost your watch. Could it be during lunch break when you were playing in the field? Or, could it be at the washroom, where you may have taken it off? Did you take it off at your desk? Step 2: When did you lose your watch? Think about the last time you remember seeing your watch on your wrist or around you. Was it during the last period? Was it before lunch break? Step 3: Who can you ask? Write down a list of people at school whom you can ask about your watch. They can be your friends; the student you sit beside; your teachers; your school’s janitor, caretaker, and guard; and the person who is in charge of the lost-and-found box. Step 4: How do you inform everyone at school? Make two notices about your lost watch. Describe your watch. Give other important information like your name, class and section so that anyone who finds it can contact you. Put them up on your school’s and class’s notice board. Step 5: What do you do when you find it? Finally, when you find your watch, thank the person who returns it. Make a promise to yourself to be more careful in future.

Points to Remember 1

Stepwise thinking means to think step by step to complete a task or solve a problem.

The act of thinking in order to make a decision is known as reasoning.

Stepwise thinking and reasoning help us solve problems. They also help us to pick the right solution.

Problem solving means to find a solution to a problem.

Stepwise thinking helps us to look at every detail.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

thinking

problem solving

We can solve many day-to-day problems by thinking in

When we find a solution to a problem, it is known as

The act of

about facts so as to make a

decision

steps

. . is called reasoning.

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B. Write T for True and F for False. 1

We cannot solve a problem using steps.

Reasoning means solving a problem step by step.

The first step in problem solving is to find the solution.

C. Number the Steps in the Correct Order. 1

Prisha is washing her hands before eating dinner. Close the tap

Open the tap

Open the tap again

Apply soap

Wash her hands

Rinse hands again

Close the tap again

Wipe hands with a towel

Miku is brushing his teeth. Number the activities in the correct order. Rinse the brush a little

Open the tap

Brush teeth

Open the tap again

Take brush from the shelf

Rinse mouth

Close the tap

Apply toothpaste on brush

Clean the brush and close the tap

D. Apply Your Learning. 1

You have to make a cucumber and tomato sandwich for your mother. Write the steps to make the sandwich.

How will you organize a birthday party for your grandmother? Show all the steps.

You want to make a birthday card for your elder brother. In how many steps will you make the card? Will there be any step that can be further broken down into smaller steps?

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Chapter 3 • Stepwise Thinking

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Chapter 4 • Creating Presentations

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Chapter 4 • Creating Presentations

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Introduction to Presentations You previously learnt about working on documents. What if you want to share the same information in a more presentable and interesting way?

Presentation

A presentation is a tool to create, showcase and share information in an interactive, interesting, and visually appealing way. A presentation can have slides to share information in a specific order. A slide can have text, images, videos, and sound to help us explain a topic.

Uses of a Presentation We can use presentations to: 1.

Share information with others on any topic in an interactive way.

Add visuals such as images and videos to make it easy to talk about our ideas.

Stay organised and present ideas in a better way.

isualise and present data easily with charts and diagrams for better V understanding.

Places Where Presentations Are Used Presentations can be used in:

Think and Tell Where else can we use presentations?

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Creating a Presentation Let us make a presentation on the topic ‘Satellite—The Spacecraft’. We will use Google Slides to make the presentation. Google Slides is an online presentation tool that lets you create and share exciting projects. Using Google Slides, you can easily add images, text, sound, and make your text move and change colours. You can even work online with friends. You don’t need to be on the same computer! Whatever you do on Google Slides, is automatically saved.

Did You Know?

The first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.

Explore More! Google Slides have Noto support for many languages. Find out more about it here!

Components of Google Slides Window The main components of Google Slides are: 1. Rename box: Shows the name of the file that contains the presentation. By default, it is Untitled Presentation. You can rename it as per your choice. 1 5

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enu bar: Holds various menus like ‘File’, ‘Edit’, ‘View’, etc. Each menu offers M different options.

Toolbar: Holds tools for quick and easy access.

lide workspace: The area in your slide where you add items such as text, images, S and videos.

lides panel: The space where you can see thumbnails of all the slides of your S presentation.

peaker notes: The area where you can add notes for yourself or the presenter. S It helps us to remember important things during the presentation.

Slideshow button: Turns the slides into the presenter mode.

Naming a Presentation Before we start adding things to our presentation, let us learn how to name it. These are the steps: 1.

Click on Rename box. Type the new name for your file.

Press the Enter key and the file will be automatically saved.

Adding Title Now that we have named our file, let us add a title to our presentation. Follow the given steps: 1.

Click on the Slide Workspace.

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Type “Satellite—The Spacecraft”.

Working with Text Boxes In case we want to add more text, we can add our own text boxes to add text on a slide.

Adding Text Steps to add text with a Text box on a slide: 1.

Click on the Insert tab.

Click on the Text box option from the drop-down menu.

ove the mouse cursor on the screen to the slide where you want to add the text M box, then press the left button on the mouse.

Type “YOUR NAME”.

1 2

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Moving Text Box Now, let us learn to change the position of the text box after adding text in it. Steps to move the text box on a slide: 1.

Select the text box you want to move.

nce the four-headed arrow appears, press the left mouse button and O hold it.

ove the mouse to drag the text box to M where you want it to be.

Do It Yourself 4A 1

We use presentations to: a Share information interactively

b Share information in an organized way

c Include data and images

d All of the above

What is the first step in creating a slide after you name it? a Add Title

b Go to Google Slides

c Add Text box

d Click on the + Blank option

What can be used to add a main idea or topic to a slide in Google Slides? a Notes

b Presentation Title

c Image

d Chart

What is the correct way to move a text box to a new position on a slide? rag and drop the text box to a D the new location

b Double click on the text box

elect the text box and adjust c S the text

d Remove the text box

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Adding a New Slide Now that we have created our title, we need to have more slides to add the text of our project. Let us learn how to add more slides to our presentation. Steps to add more slides: 1.

Right-click in the slide panel.

menu will appear. Select the New slide option. A new slide will appear below A your current slide.

Working with Shapes We have added a new slide. Now, let us learn to insert shapes on a slide to create our satellite.

Inserting a Shape Steps to insert a shape on a slide: 1.

Click on the Insert tab in the menu bar.

Select the Shape option from the drop-down menu. Then, select the Shapes option.

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1 3 2

lick on the shape you want. It will appear on your slide. C Repeat these steps to draw this image on your slide.

Moving a Shape After adding a shape on our slide, we can move it to a different place on the slide in the same way we moved our text box. Steps to move a shape in presentation: 1.

Select the shape you want to move and hold the left mouse button.

rag and drop the shape to where you want it, on the slide. The shape will be at D the new position.

Image 1

Image 2

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Resizing a Shape Let us learn to resize a shape to make our satellite a little bigger. Steps to resize a shape in presentation: 1. Left click anywhere on the Slide Workspace and drag to select all parts of the satellite.

2. Once the entire shape is selected, a blue margin with dots will appear. This means that all parts of the Satellite have been selected. 3. Move the mouse to drag it to make it larger or smaller.

Colouring a Shape Our satellite is ready for colouring. Let us learn to add colour to a shape. Steps to add colour to a shape in presentation: 1. Select the part of the shape that you want to colour. Let us select the left fin first. We will colour it yellow. Chapter 4 • Creating Presentations

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2. Click on the Fill color tool on the toolbar and select the colour of your choice, here we are using yellow.

3. Upon selecting the yellow colour, the left fin will now be yellow. 4. Repeat the process to colour the other parts of the satellite.

Do It Yourself 4B Tick () the correct option. 1

How can you add a new slide to your Google Slides presentation? a Right-click on the slide and select “Add Slide” b Press the Delete key to create a new slide c Right-click in the slide panel and choose + New Slide option d Use the Format menu and choose Add Slide

Which option allows you to insert a shape onto a slide in Google Slides? a Go to “Insert”

“Shape”

b Right-click on the slide and choose “Insert Shape” c Drag and drop a shape from your computer onto the slide d Press the “Shift” key and click on the slide to create a shape 54

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Working with Images We can add and edit images in a presentation as we need to. Let us now add an image of the Earth on the slide.

Adding an Image Steps to add an image in presentation: 1.

Click on the Insert tab at the menu bar.

Go to Image menu in the Insert drop-down.

Select the “Upload from computer” option.

4. A selection window opens. You can then select the image that you want to put on the slide.

Resizing an Image Let us make the image of the Earth a little bigger. Steps to resize an image in presentation: 1.

Click the image to select it.

2. Blue square at the corner of the image will appear. 3. Press the left mouse button on a blue square and drag it to make it bigger.

Cropping an Image Say we want to remove some part of the image. How can we do that? We can use the Crop tool. Let us learn how to do this. Steps to crop an image in presentation: 1.

Click on the image to select it.

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Select the Crop tool that appears in the tools bar when the image is selected.

Black lines will appear on corners and edges.

Drag from black lines to crop the image.

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Duplicating a Slide Let us learn to make a copy of a slide. Steps to duplicate slides in the presentation: 1.

Select the slide you want to duplicate from the Slides Panel.

Right-click on the slide, and then select the Duplicate slide option.

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Deleting a Slide We can delete a slide if it’s not needed anymore in the presentation. Steps to delete slides: 1.

Select the slide you want to delete.

Right-click on the slide.

Select the Delete option.

Presenting a Slide After completing your presentation, a few of your slides may look like as the slides given below:

It is time to showcase your work to your teacher and classmates. Let us learn how to present a slide. Steps to show a presentation: 1.

Click on the View tab. 1

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Click on Slideshow. OR

Click on the Slideshow button in the top right-hand corner.

Opening a Presentation You may need to look at the presentation again. Let us learn how to re-open a file. Steps to open a presentation: 1.

Open Google Slides.

lick on the “Recent Presentations” C tab.

Select the file that you want to open.

Do It Yourself 4C Fill in the Blanks. 1 2

We can insert an image into our slide by clicking on

button on the toolbar.

an image means that we are making it smaller or larger.

If part of the image is not needed we

If we need a new slide that is an exact copy of the previous slide, we

A slide that is not needed can be

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it. it.

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Points to Remember 1

Google Slides is a presentation tool that lets you create and share exciting projects. You can easily add images, words, and other elements, and even make them move and change colours.

File Title Box shows the name of the file of the presentation.

Slide Workspace is the area where you add items such as text, images and videos for a slide.

Toolbar is the bar that holds tools for quick and easy access.

You can add shapes and images on to the slide.

You can change the colour and size of shapes.

You can also resize and crop images.

You can delete and duplicate slides per the requirements of the presentation.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

presentation

We can

toolbar

automatically

is a tool to create, showcase and share information in an interactive way. an image around by dragging it on the workspace. is the component of Google Slides.

3 4

move

Google Slides is saved

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What are presentations best used for? a Playing games

b Sharing information with others

d Writing paragraphs

Solving maths problems easily

Which of the following is not a part of a presentation? a Slides

b Words

d Paint

Videos

How do you add a new slide to your presentation? a By clicking on the + button on toolbar

b By clicking the “Add Slide” button

d By clicking on slideshow

By selecting a slide

What menu option allows you to add an image to your slide in Google Slides? a Insert

b Paint

d Undo

Present

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C. Who Am I? 1

I help you create presentations online with images and words.

You use me when you want to use only a portion of an image.

With me you make your shapes and images smaller or bigger.

You can use me to put colours in the shapes. I only appear on the toolbar when a shape is selected.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

File, edit, insert, view, and arrange are known as Title bars.

Google Slides helps us to present projects.

In Google Slides you cannot add images.

You can open your existing file from the recent presentations.

E. Answer the Following. 1

What do you do to add images to your Google Slides?

What are the steps for duplicating a Slide?

What is the way to add a text-box in Google slides?

What are Google Slides used for?

What is the method to add shapes in Google Slides?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Shikha wants to add an image to the slide with the text. How can she do that?

Rahul wants to open slides again to add more shapes. How would he add shapes to his slide?

Mohan is confused between Resizing and Cropping. Help him understand these two tools.

Shubham wants to add one more slide in Google Slides. How would he do that?

Jyoti wants to change the colour of shapes on her Google Slides. How would she do that?

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Chapter 4 • Creating Presentations

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Introduction to Scratch 3.0

Brushing teeth is a good way to keep them healthy.

We should brush our teeth twice a day, for 2 minutes each time. Can you tell me how you brush your teeth?

Right! We follow a set of steps to brush our teeth. Here are the steps to brush your teeth: 1

Wet your toothbrush.

Brush your teeth for 2 minutes.

2 4 5

Put toothpaste on your toothbrush. Spit out the toothpaste.

Rinse your mouth with water.

These steps are the instructions we follow to brush our teeth.

Just like how we use instructions to do something step-by-step, we need to tell computers how to do something step-by-step too. But computers do not understand our language, so we need to use a special language that they can understand. We call that language coding. Coding is a way of giving instructions to tell a computer what to do. We will be using block-based coding to make computers do things for us.

Block-based Coding

Block-based coding is the language in which we use colourful code blocks to tell computers what to do.

25 15 X ____

You must have drawn things on a computer earlier, right? But did you know that you can use block-based coding to make computers draw shapes and other things for you? 65

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We are going to use a block-based coding platform called Scratch 3.0 to make fun drawings.

Scratch 3.0 Scratch 3.0 is a free and simple platform where we use colourful blocks to create our own games, stories, and drawings.

Creating a Project

Now, let us learn to create a blank project.

Follow the given steps to create a project. 1

Click Create.

Did You Know? Scratch Cat is the official mascot of Scratch because cats are curious and playful animals, just like the children who use Scratch.

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2 The Scratch editor opens. By default, the name of a Scratch project is shown as Untitled.

Components of Scratch

The Scratch editor holds all the components needed to create and run a Scratch project. The components of the Scratch editor are: 1

7 9 4

Menu bar: The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the 1 Menu bar. The main parts of the menu bar are: a

File and Edit menus: These let us create, save, and open a project. Project name: This space shows the name of your project.

Folder: Clicking here takes you to your 'My Stuff' page where you can c see your saved projects.

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2 3

Sprite: A sprite can be a character or an object in a Scratch project. Tabs: There are three tabs in the Scratch editor:

Code: This tab has various code blocks to make the sprite move and do a things.

Costumes: This tab opens the Costumes editor where we can change b how a sprite looks.

Sounds: This tab opens the Sound editor to add and make changes to c the sound effects of the sprite and to the backdrop.

Block panel: This panel has nine colour-coded categories of blocks:

We can even add more categories using the Add Extension

Block palette: This is the area where you 5 can see all the blocks for a selected block category.

button.

Script area: The script area is next to 6 the block palette. This is where you drag the blocks to make your sprite do something.

The blocks you put together in the script area are called a Script.

Script

Script Area

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Stage: The stage is where you can see 7 backdrops and sprites in action.

Stage

Sprites pane: The Sprites pane is 8 below the stage. This pane shows all the details of sprites, like their name, location, and size.

Backdrop: It is the background of 9 the stage. You can add backdrops from the Scratch library or from your computer.

Backdrop

Backdrop pane: It is below the stage and next to the Sprites pane. 10 You can use it to add, upload, edit, or delete backdrops.

Go button and Stop button: The green flag is the Go 11 button. You click it to run the script. The red button is the Stop button. You click it to stop the running script.

Discuss

What is the difference between the stage and the backdrop?

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Do It Yourself 5A Identify and label the components based on the clues given below.

c. 1 2 3 4 5

I'm a character in your project.

I show you the options to change the name, size, and location of a character. I hold colour-coded categories of blocks.

I'm the area where you drag and join the blocks. I hold all the blocks for a block category.

Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. Hints

menu bar

1 In Scratch, we use colourful drawing.

untitled

backdrop

blocks

create

to create our own games, stories, and

To create a project in Scratch, you need to click

By default, the name of the Scratch project is

The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the

The background of the stage is called the

. .

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Tick () the Correct Option. 1 What is the name of the area where you can see all the details of sprites?

Stage

Sprites pane

Block palette

Script area

What do you use to stop your running scripts?

The

tab is used to

open the Sound editor

listen to songs

close the Sound editor

open the Costumes editor

Which of the following option has the

icon?

File menu

Edit menu

Stage

Costumes tab

Which of the following options has this

icon?

Sprites pane

Stage

Backdrop pane

All of these

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Who Am I? How Do I Look?

Who Am I? Sprite

Script Area Costumes Tab

Go button and Stop button Sounds Tab D

Write T for True and F for False. 1

The default project name in Scratch is Project1.

2 You can add and make changes to the sound effects of your sprite and backdrop in the Sound editor.

The Go button is used to stop the running project.

Events are one of the categories of blocks.

The colour of the Go button is green.

Answer the Following. 1

What is block-based coding?

What is the use of the Costumes tab?

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What is the role of the Sounds tab?

What is a Script?

Describe the Go and Stop buttons.

Apply Your Learning. 1 Rahul wants to make a project related to a jungle in Scratch. Which background should he use?

What is a script in a project?

None of these

Chapter 5 • Introduction to Scratch 3.0

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Sheena wants to change the appearance of the sprite. What should she use?

Ritu wants to change the name of the sprite. Where should she go?

Arun wants to change the backdrop of the Stage. Which option should he choose?

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Scratch Blocks

In the previous chapter, we learnt about Scratch and the components of the Scratch editor. Now, let us explore the various types of blocks in Scratch. Scratch blocks are colourful pieces of code that you can drag to tell a computer what to do. Each block represents a unique instruction, like moving a sprite, playing a sound, or changing the background.

Scratch blocks are grouped into categories based on what they do. For example, the Motion blocks are used to control the movement of sprites, whereas the Looks blocks are used to change the appearance of sprites. Each block category is represented by a different colour. This makes it easy to find the blocks you need when you are creating a program. Let us learn more about the Scratch blocks.

Motion Blocks blocks are used to control the movement of the sprites. They are blue in colour. block makes this sprite move

For example, the 10 steps towards the right.

Let us learn about some of the Motion blocks. Blocks

Description

Moves the sprite forward the specified number of steps. Turns the sprite (clockwise) to the specified value. Turns the sprite (anti-clockwise) to the specified value. Moves the sprite to the specified x and y positions.

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Looks Blocks blocks are used to control how a sprite looks. They are purple in colour. block will

For example, the

change the boy sprite’s costume from its current costume to Costume 2. Let us learn about some of the Looks blocks. Blocks

Costume 11 Costume

Costume 2 2 Costume

Description Makes the sprite say the specified text. Makes the sprite say the specified text for the specified number of seconds. Makes the sprite think of the specified text. Makes the sprite think of the specified text for the specified number of seconds. Shows the sprite. Hides the sprite. Changes the costume of the sprite to the specified one.

Discuss

Difference between the Motion and Looks blocks.

Events Blocks blocks are used to tell a computer when to run a script to make things happen.

They are yellow in colour.

An event is something that makes an action happen. 76

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For example, the boy hitting the ball is an event and the ball moving and reaching the net is the action. Let us learn about some of the Events blocks. Blocks

Event

Action

Description Runs the script when the green flag (the Go button) is clicked. Runs the script when the sprite is clicked.

Sound Blocks blocks are used to control the sound. They are pink in colour. For example, making the ball sprite play a hitting sound when the boy hits it. Let us learn about some of the Sound blocks. Blocks

Description Plays a sound and pauses the script until it finishes. Plays a sound without pausing the script. Stops all playing sounds.

Control Blocks blocks are used to control the scripts. They are orange in colour. For example, making a sprite move towards the right 3 times.

Chapter 6 • Scratch Blocks

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Let us learn about some of the Control blocks. Blocks

Description Pauses the script for the specified number of seconds. Repeats the instructions inside it a specified number of times. Repeats the instructions inside it forever, unless the Stop button is clicked. Runs the script for the clone (the copy of a sprite) when it is created. Creates a clone of the specified sprite. Deletes a clone.

Let us create our first script to move and turn a sprite by using some of these blocks. 1

Click the Events category.

Drag the

Click the Motion category.

block in the Script area.

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Drag the 4

block to below the

block, as shown in the

image below.

5 Drag the

block to the Script area just below the

block, as shown in the image below.

button to run the script. The Sprite turns 15 degrees clockwise 6 Click the and then moves forward 10 steps each time you click the button.

We can also change the values in the

and

blocks to

turn by specified degrees and move a specified number of steps at once.

Did You Know? Scratch is available in more than 40 languages, so kids from all over the world can code in their language!

Chapter 6 • Scratch Blocks

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Do It Yourself 6A 1 Match the columns. Column A

Column B Plays a sound and pauses the script until it finishes. Turns the sprite (clockwise) to the specified value. Repeats the instructions inside the block specified number of times. Runs the script when the green flag (the Go button) is clicked. Pauses the script for the specified time.

2 Tick the correct colour for the Sound blocks in Scratch.

Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. Hints

green flag

go to x y

wait seconds

scratch blocks

control

are colourful pieces of code that you can drag together to tell a computer 1 what to do. blocks are orange in colour.

2 3 The 4

The

5 The

block moves the sprite to the specified x and y position. block runs the script when the

is clicked.

block pauses the script for the specified number of seconds.

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Tick () the Correct Option. 1

Which block is used to move a sprite?

Which block is used to make a sprite turn clockwise?

Which block is used to run a script when the sprite is clicked?

Which block can pause a script for 10 seconds?

Which block can repeat a script 5 times?

Who Am I? 1

I change the costume of a sprite to a specified one.

I delete a clone of a sprite.

I repeat the instructions inside forever.

Chapter 6 • Scratch Blocks

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I stop all playing sounds.

I run the script for a clone when it is created.

Write T for True and F for False. 1

The Motion blocks in Scratch are used to control the appearance of sprites.

Events blocks are used to tell a computer when to run a script.

Sound blocks can make a 'hitting' sound when a ball hits a sprite.

Each Scratch block stands for a different instruction.

You can use a Control block to delete a sprite from your project.

Answer the Following. 1

What is an event?

What is the purpose of the Looks blocks in Scratch?

What is the use of the say block? Where can we find this block in Scratch?

4 Which category of Scratch blocks controls sound, and what is the colour of these blocks? 5

What is the purpose of the think for seconds block?

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Apply Your Learning. 1 Reena is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the bear from left to right. Which block should she use?

2 Simran wants to turn her pufferfish clockwise, as shown in the picture. Which block can she use? 3 Arya has a goblin sprite in his project with two different looks, as shown in the picture. Which block can he use to change the current look of the goblin to the other one? 4 Ayan made a project for his father and wants to add sound to it. Which block can he use?

FAT H E R ’ S D AY

5 Priya wants to make the frog sprite move forward 3 times. Which block should she use?

Chapter 6 • Scratch Blocks

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Making a Scratch Project

In the previous chapter, we learnt about some of the scratch blocks. Now, we are going to make a Scratch project to draw a line.

Naming a Project

When a new Scratch project gets created, it comes with a default name 'Untitled' and a default cat sprite 'Sprite1'. To change the default name, click it and replace it with the new name 'Drawing a Line'.

Now, let us recall what a Sprite is. A Sprite is a character or object that you can move around on the stage and make this object do things.

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Before we learn how to add a sprite to our project, we need to remove the cat sprite, as we don’t need it for the project.

Deleting a Sprite

As you know, Scratch Cat is the default sprite in Scratch. Steps to delete Scratch Cat: 1

elect the sprite to be deleted in the Sprites S pane. The

Click the

button appears.

button to delete the sprite.

Adding a Sprite

In Scratch, you can choose to add a sprite from the Sprites pane in four ways: 1

Choose a Sprite: To choose a sprite from the Scratch Sprite Library.

Surprise: To add a random sprite.

2 4

Paint: To create a sprite using Paint Editor.

Upload Sprite: To upload a sprite from your computers.

Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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Choosing a Sprite

Now, let us add our first sprite, the Pencil Sprite Library into our project.

, from the

Steps to add a sprite from Sprite Library: 1

lick the Choose a Sprite option in the Sprites C pane. The Sprite Library opens.

Type 'pencil' in the search bar and then click the Pencil sprite.

The Pencil sprite is added to the stage and is also visible in the Sprites pane. 3

Set the Size of the Pencil sprite to 40.

Let us now learn to position our Pencil sprite.

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Positioning a Sprite

A position is a place on the stage where you want a sprite to go. A position on the Scratch stage is made up of two values: x and y. The x value tells the horizontal (left to right) position of the sprite. The y value tells the vertical (top to down) position of the sprite. To set the position of a sprite, you can use the

block.

This block makes the sprite go to the position specified by the values of x and y. Let us make the Pencil sprite go to the centre of the stage when the green flag is clicked. 1

Select the Pencil sprite in the Sprites pane.

Drag the

block in the script area.

Drag the

block to under the

2 4 5 6

Click the Events category in the block panel. Click the Motion category.

Set the value of x and y to 0.

Code

block in the script area.

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

Now, we need to move the Pencil sprite to draw a line. Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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Moving a Sprite

To move a sprite, you can use the

block.

Let us move the pencil sprite 100 steps forward to draw a line. 1 2

Select the Pencil sprite in the Sprites pane.

Click the Motion category in the block panel.

3 Drag the area.

block to under the

block in the script

4 Set the value of steps to 100. Code

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

Did the Pencil sprite draw a line when moved forward by 100 steps? No.

To make the Pencil sprite draw a line, use the Pen extension.

Pen Extension

The Pen Extension in Scratch allows sprites to draw on the stage. The Pen blocks are green in colour. They are used to create simple drawings such as lines, shapes, and patterns or more complex drawings such as pictures and animations. To use the Pen extension, you must first add it to your Scratch project.

Adding the Pen Extension

Steps to add the pen extension: 1

lick the purple Add Extension button in the bottom left C corner of the Scratch Editor window.

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The Extension Library opens up. Click the Pen extension.

The Pen extension is added to the block panel.

Let us learn about some of the Pen blocks. Blocks

Description

Tells the sprite to start drawing on the stage. Tells the sprite to stop drawing on the stage. Sets the colour of the pen. Sets the thickness of the pen. Makes your pen lighter or darker. Clears all pen marks on the stage.

Drawing a Line

Now, let us use Pen blocks to make the Pencil sprite draw a line. Steps to make the Pencil sprite draw a line: 1

Drag the the

block between the

block and

block (before the Pencil sprite starts moving).

Drag the

block under the

block (once the

Pencil sprite stops moving). Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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Code

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

What happens when you run your project again? Nothing changes.

What should happen?

The older drawing should be removed.

To remove the older drawing, we can use the

block.

Erasing a Drawing

Steps to erase the old drawing when the green flag is clicked: 1

Click the Pen category in the block panel.

Drag the 0

Code

block between the 0

block and the

block. Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

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Did the old drawing get removed or not? No.

What can be the problem?

The problem is that the new drawing is created so quickly that we cannot see the gap between the old drawing and the new drawing. To solve the problem, we can use the

block. It adds a delay between

the erasing of the old drawing and creation of the new drawing.

Adding a Delay

Let us add a delay of 1 second between erasing of the old drawing and creation of the new drawing. Steps to add a delay of 1 second: 1

Click Control in the block panel.

2 Drag the

block between the

block and the

block. Code

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

The project 'Drawing a Line' is complete. Now, let us learn how to save a project in Scratch.

Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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Saving a Scratch Project Steps to save a scratch project: 1 2

Click the File menu in the Menu bar. Click Save now.

Opening an Existing Scratch Project

All the projects you create get saved in the My Stuff folder. Steps to open a Scratch project from the My Stuff folder: 1

2 3

Click the My Stuff folder icon in the top-right corner of the Menu bar.

All your saved projects appear.

Go to the project you want to open.

Click the corresponding See inside button.

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The particular project opens up in the Scratch Editor window.

Discuss

What happens when you click the green flag in a Scratch project that does not have any code attached to it?

Do It Yourself 7A 1 Identify the missing code block in the given script. a

2 What does the

block do?

Tells the sprite to stop drawing

Tells the sprite to start drawing

Changes the colour of the sprite’s pen

None of these

Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. Hints 1 A it do things.

pen up

pen down

erase all

sprite

is a character or object that you can move on the stage and make

Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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draw

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2 To start drawing a line, you need to use the

block.

3 The Pen extension allows sprites to

on the stage.

4 To stop drawing a line, you need to use the

block.

5 To erase all pen marks on a screen, you need to use the B

block.

Tick () the Correct Option. 1 What extension do you need to make the sprite draw?

Video

Pen

Music

Text

2 What block can be used to add delay? a

3 Which block can be used to set the colour of the sprite’s pen? a

4 What does the

block do?

Turns the pen feature off inside a sprite

Stops drawing

Starts drawing

Changes the pen colour

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Who Am I? What I Do?

Who Am I?

Performs different actions on stage. Makes your pen lighter or darker. Moves the sprite to the specified x and y values. Clears all pen marks on the screen. Sets the colour of the sprite’s pen. D

Write T for True and F for False. 1

The set pen colour to block sets the thickness of the pen.

The erase all block adds delay to the script.

The x value tells the vertical (top to down) position of the sprite.

The Pen extension allows sprites to draw.

5 To save a Scratch project, you should click the File menu and then select Save now. E

Answer the Following. 1

What is a sprite?

Write any two ways to add a sprite to your project.

What is the use of the pen blocks?

Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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What is the difference between the pen down and pen up blocks?

Which block is used to move a sprite to a specific position, and where can we find it?

Apply Your Learning. 1 Rahul added a cat sprite to his Scratch project. Can you tell where will the sprite be visible now?

What code block can Rohit use to make a sprite move by 300 steps?

3 Imagine the girl sprite is 200 steps away from the boy sprite. Write down the script to make the ball reach the girl when the green flag is clicked.

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Ritu wants to revisit one of her old Scratch projects. How can she do that?

Chapter 7 • Making a Scratch Project

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Drawing Shapes

In the previous chapter, we learnt about pen blocks and how to make a sprite draw a line. Now, we will learn to draw more shapes using the pen extension. First, we will learn to draw a square. Do you know what a square is?

A square is a 2D shape with four sides and four corners. All sides of a square are of the same length. Imagine you are walking in a square in a garden. How would you do it?

To walk in a square, you would walk straight for a few steps, then turn, then walk straight for the same number of steps, and then turn again. You would do this four times to make a square.

Did You Know? The Rubik’s Cube is a square-shaped puzzle with nine squares on each side.

But what is a turn?

A turn is a change in the direction you are walking, either clockwise or anti-clockwise. Just like you use measuring units centimetre and metre to measure a length, you can use a unit called degrees to measure how much you turn. To make a square, you need to turn 90 degrees four times.

90 degrees

A degree is a measure of how much you turn. 98

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Drawing a Square

Let us look at the steps to draw a square. 1

Move forward 100 steps.

Turn 90 degrees to the right.

Move forward 100 steps.

Turn 90 degrees to the right.

Move forward 100 steps.

Turn 90 degrees to the right.

Move forward 100 steps.

Turn 90 degrees to the right.

In the given steps, do you observe a pattern?

Right! We are repeating steps 1 and 2 four times. Now, observe the following:

Repeat the following steps 4 times: 1

Move forward 100 steps.

Turn 90 degrees to the right.

Which of the two ways looks simple, easy, and quick to make a script? The second way, right?

But how can we do this in Scratch? For this, we need to learn about loops. A loop is doing something again and again to complete a task. We have the

block that repeats the instructions in it for the given

number of times.

We will use the script we made for 'Drawing a Line' and add more code blocks to draw a square.

Chapter 8 • Drawing Shapes

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Steps to draw a square: 1

Select the Pencil sprite.

2 Detach the

and

blocks from the script.

But keep them in the script area. 3

Click the Motion in the block panel.

Drag the repeat block to under the

Change the number of times to 4.

Drag the

8 Drag the

block.

block to inside the repeat 4 block. block to below the repeat 4 block. block to below the

block inside the

repeat 4 block.

Change the value of degrees to 90.

Code

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

100

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What happens when you run your project?

The Pencil sprite moves quickly and draws the square.

It is tough to see how the Pencil sprite turns and when.

We can make the Pencil sprite pause on a turn by adding a delay. Steps to add a delay of 1 second: 1

Click the Control in the block panel.

2 Drag the

block to after the

block inside the

repeat block. Code

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

We have completed the script to draw a square. Save this project with the name 'Drawing a Square'. Next, we will learn to draw a circle.

Discuss

How is a loop helpful to draw a square?

Chapter 8 • Drawing Shapes

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101

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Drawing a Circle A circle is a round shape with no corners or sides. Imagine you are standing in the middle of a circle. o

360

180

If you turn around all the way, you have turned 360 degrees.

If you turn halfway around, you have turned 180 degrees. But to make a complete circle, we need to walk around the circle 360 steps, turning 1 degree with each step.

Did You Know? The equator is an imaginary line that encircles the Earth horizontally in the middle.

We will use the script we made for a square and make some changes to draw a circle. Steps to draw a circle: 1 Drag the

block inside the repeat block to the block palette to

remove it. 2

Change the value of the repeat block from 4 to 360 to make a full circle.

Change the number of steps in the

Change the value of degrees in the

block from 100 to 1. block from 90 to 1.

102

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Code

Output

Click the Go button to run your project.

Think and Tell Why do we need to repeat 360 times to draw a full circle?

Do It Yourself 8A 1 What will be the output when you run the given script? a

Chapter 8 • Drawing Shapes

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103

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What will be the output when you run the given script? a

Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. Hints

square

corners

1 A

is a 2D shape with four sides of the same length.

2 A

is to change the direction you are walking in.

3 A circle is a round shape with no 4 The code inside the

block repeats

5 To make a square, we need to turn B

turn

sides

. times. degrees four times.

Tick () the Correct Option. 1

The given code block is an example of which block category?

a Control

Events

c Motion

Pen

2 How many move blocks do you need to create the given figure without loop? a 2

c 4

104

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Identify the shape of the carrom board.

a Circle

Square

c Triangle

Rectangle

What is the value of x in the given script?

a 0

100

c 50

Who Am I? Code Block

Block Category Pen

Events Control Motion D

Write T for True and F for False. 1

A circle is a shape with four equal sides.

You need to turn 1 degree 360 times to make a square.

A degree is a measure of how much you turn.

To add a pause or delay in a sequence of actions, you can use the 'wait' block.

Answer the Following. 1

What is a turn?

Chapter 8 • Drawing Shapes

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What is a square?

3 How many times will the move block be used to draw a circle without the repeat block? 4 F

How many degrees do we need to turn to make a semi-circle?

Apply Your Learning. 1 Arya has made a project to make his sprite run a circle shaped track, but the sprite is not completing the track. What is wrong in the script?

Code

106

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2 Shaurya wants to make the knight reach the horse who is 100 steps away. On which sprite does he need to add the script? Write the script to make the knight reach the horse.

3 Riya is making a project where the flying cat sprite will play with the flying hippo sprite. Help her write a script to make the flying cat draw a line.

4 Rayan wants to make a ball move around a square with sides that are 200 steps long. Help him write a script to make the ball move in a square.

Chapter 8 • Drawing Shapes

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