ओजस Hindi Book 1_ebook by Uolo

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fganh ikB~;iqLrd

Ac knowled gem en ts

Academic Authors: Ajay Giri, Monika Dahiya, Amar Nath

Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish

Book Production: Surendra Prajapati, Rakesh Kumar Singh

Project Lead: Sneha Sharma

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

First edition 2026

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed

or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written

Book Title: Ojas Hindi Pathyapustak 1

ISBN: 978-93-89789-98-0

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

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le; osQ lkFk gekjs thou vkSj f'k{kk esa yxkrkj ifjorZu gks jgs gSaA ubZ pqukSfr;ksa] ubZ vko';drkvksa vkSj vk/qfud thou dh rs”k xfr us f'k{kk dks vkSj vf/d lkFkZd ,oa mi;ksxh cukus dh vko';drk mRiUu dh gSA blh mís'; ls çLrqr gS& ^vkstl* fganh ikB~;iqLrd Ük`a•ykA ;g ikB~;iqLrd jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP 2020)] jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ :ijs•k (NCF 2023) vkSj lrr fodkl y{;ksa (SDGs) osQ vuq:i rS;kj dh xbZ gSA

bl ikB~;iqLrd dk mn~sn'; osQoy Hkk"kk dk Kku djkuk ugha gS] cfYd fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks thou&dkS'ky] rkfoZQd lksp] leL;k dk gy •kstus dh {kerk] jpukRedrk vkSj lkekftd laosnu'khyrk ls le`n~/ djkuk Hkh gSA ;g ikB~;iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks lh•us dh çfØ;k esa lfØ; cuk,xh vkSj mUgsa f”kEesnkj] laosnu'khy vkSj ltx ukxfjd cuus esa lgk;rk djsxhA ^vkstl* Ük`a•yk esa ,sls ikB vkSj vH;kl fn, x, gSa tks fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks mudh ijaijkvksa ls tksM+rs gSa vkSj vk/qfud fopkjksa ls Hkh ifjfpr djkrs gSaA blesa dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡] ukVd] laokn] vkRedFkk] thofu;k¡] ;k=kk&o`RRkkar] i=k&ys•u vkSj fp=k&o.kZu tSlh vusd fo/k,¡ 'kkfey gSaA fo"k; Hkh fofo/ gSa& tSls çÑfr] i;kZoj.k] foKku] lekt] ewY;] dyk] laLÑfr vkSj jk"VªçseA ;s ikB i<+us esa jkspd gSa vkSj fon~;kfFkZ;ksa esa uSfrd ewY; rFkk thou&ewY; Hkh fodflr djrs gSaA ikB~;&lkexzh dk p;u fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh vk;q vkSj Lrj dks è;ku esa j•dj fd;k x;k gSA xfrfof/;k¡ vkSj vH;kl ,sls cuk, x, gSa tks vè;;u dks f'k{kkçn vkSj vkuannk;d cukrs gSaA

bl ikB~;iqLrd dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa Hkk"kk osQ lHkh dkS'ky& lquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] fy•uk] O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn&HkaMkj vkfn 'kkfey gSaA çR;sd ikB osQ lkFk ,d QR dksM fn;k x;k gS] ftldh lgk;rk ls ikB~;&lkexzh dks ohfM;ks osQ :i esa ns•k tk ldrk gSA ;g fMftVy lkexzh fu%'kqYd çnku dh xbZ gS] tks cPpksa osQ lh[kus&le>us osQ vuqHko dks vkSj Hkh csgrj djsxkA

ikB~;iqLrd esa NEP 2020 vkSj NCF 2023 osQ ewY;ksa ls tqM+s fpg~u Hkh fn, x, gSaA ;s fpg~u gesa crkrs gSa fd ikBksa esa fdl izdkj ls jpukRedrk] lg;ksx] vkykspukRed lksp] thou&dkS'ky] lrr fodkl y{; vkSj ewY;&vk/kfjr f'k{kk vkfn dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

bl Ük`a•yk dks rS;kj djrs le; fon~oku f'k{kdksa vkSj Hkk"kk&fo'ks"kKksa osQ lq>ko fy, x, gSaA lkFk gh osQaæh; fganh funs'kky; n~okjk r; fd, x, Hkk"kk&ekudksa dk ikyu fd;k x;k gSA gesa fo'okl gS fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd f'k{k.k dks vkSj vf/d lqxe] mi;ksxh vkSj jkspd cuk,xhA ge vius f'k{kd&f'kf{kdkvksa ls fouez vuqjks/ djrs gSa fd le;≤ ij vius fopkj vkSj lq>ko nsdj gekjk ekxZn'kZu djrs jgsaA vkiosQ lq>ko gekjs fy, vewY; gSa vkSj ge mUgsa vxys laLdj.kksa esa lfEefyr djus dk iwjk ç;kl djsaxsA

izdk'kd

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (2020) vkSj jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ :ijs•k (2023) osQ ewY;

^vkstl* esa NEP 2020 vkSj NCF 2023 osQ lHkh ewY; laosQrd&fpg~u (icons) osQ :i esa fn, x, gSa] ftudk fooj.k bl izdkj gS&

dyk vkSj jpukRedrk

fp=kdyk] ukVd] laxhr vkSj vU; dykvksa osQ ç;ksx ls f'k{k.k dks vkuannk;d vkSj l`tukRed cukukA

[ksyowQn

'kkjhfjd xfrfof/;ksa vkSj •syksa osQ ekè;e ls f'k{k.k dks jkspd vkSj thoar cukukA

,dhÑr f'k{k.k

fofHkUu fo"k;ksa vkSj dkS'kyksa dks tksM+dj lh•us osQ vuqHko dks laiw.kZ] vkuannk;d vkSj vFkZiw.kZ cukukA

Hkkjrh;rk vkSj lkaLoQfrd lekos'k

Hkkjr dh laLÑfr] ijaijk vkSj ewY;ksa ls tqM+h lkexzh n~okjk ns'k osQ çfr xoZ vkSj tqM+ko c<+kukA

lewg dk;Z

fey&tqydj dke djus] ,d&nwljs dh enn djus vkSj lewg Hkkouk dks fodflr djukA

lrr fodkl y{;

çÑfr dh j{kk] gfj;kyh] 'kkafr vkSj lekurk ls tqM+s ewY;ksa dks viukrs gq, lqjf{kr thou thukA

lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed dkS'ky

lHkh dh Hkkoukvksa dks le>uk] nwljksa osQ lkFk vPNs laca/ cukuk vkSj f”kEesnkjh ysukA

LOk;a djosQ lh[kuk

Lo;a djosQ lh•us okyh xfrfof/;ksa osQ ekè;e ls Kku vkSj dkS'ky izkIr djukA

mPp Lrjh; fparu

fo'ys"k.k djuk] u, fopkj •kstuk] leL;kvksa dk gy fudkyuk vkSj xgjkbZ ls lkspukA

thou dkS'ky

izfrfnu thou ls lacaf/r dkS'kyksa dk fodkl vkSj mi;ksx djukA

ikB esa ge le>saxs fd

fe=k& nksLr_ nkSM+& Hkkxuk

og g¡lus yxk vkvks i<a+s ,d fnu] ,d fgj.k dk cPpk vius fe=kksa osQ lkFk taxy esa nkSM+ jgk FkkA og lcls rs”k nkSM+ jgk FkkA mls nkSM+us esa cgqr e”kk vk jgk FkkA lcls igys og cdjh ls vkxs fudy x;kA fiQj og •jxks'k ls Hkh vkxs fudy x;kA mlus gkFkh dks Hkh ihNs NksM+ fn;kA

blesa ikB dh fo"k;&oLrq dk laf{kIr ifjp; vkSj mn~ns'; fn;k x;k gSA

blesa ikB dh eq[; fo"k;&oLrq nh xbZ gSA lkFk gh lacaf/r fp=k Hkh 'kkfey fd, x, gSa] rkfd fon~;kFkhZ vklkuh ls le> lossaQ vkSj f'k{k.k jkspd cu losQA

;g Hkh tkusa% blesa ikB dh fo"k;&oLrq ls lacaf/r vfrfjDr tkudkjh nh xbZ gS] ftlls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dk Kku vkSj c<+sxkA

fe=k& nksLr_ nkSM+& Hkkxuk

21 og g¡lus yxk og g¡lus yxk

og g¡lus yxk

blesa ikB esa vk, dfBu 'kCnksa osQ ljy vFkZ mlh i`"B ij fn, x, gSaA blls

Jqrys[k% blesa ikB osQ oqQN dfBu 'kCn fn, x, gSa] ftUgsa fon~;kFkhZ ekud orZuh osQ vuqlkj fy•us dk vH;kl dj losaQxsA

fgj.kksa osQ iSj yacs gksrs gSaA os cgqr rs”k nkSM+ ldrs gSaA fgj.k ?kkl vkSj iRrs •krs gSaA fgj.k taxy esa jgrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks& (d) gkFkh dks fdlus ihNs NksM+ fn;k\ ([k) fgj.k osQ cPPks dks fdl&fdlus pqi djokus dh dksf'k'k dh\ (x) canj us fgj.k osQ cPps dk iSj D;ksa lgyk;k\ (?k) ;fn rqe fdlh cPps dks jksrs gq, ns[krs gks] rks D;k djrs gks\ lkspks

Jqrys[k fgj.kcdjh[kjxks'k'kgn pV~VkuLkgyk;kxUUkkiRFkj

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

fgj.kksa osQ iSj yacs gksrs gSaA os cgqr rs”k nkSM+ ldrs gSaA fgj.k ?kkl vkSj iRrs •krs gSaA fgj.k taxy esa jgrs gSaA 4

fgj.kcdjh[kjxks'k'kgn pV~VkuLkgyk;kxUUkkiRFkj

lkspks vkSj crkvks

Lkkspks vkSj crkvks% blesa ikB ls tqM+s ç'uksa osQ mRrj fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks lkspdj ekSf•d :i ls crkuss gSaA blls mudk Jo.k] okpu vkSj fparu dkS'ky fodflr gksxk vkSj os ikB dks vPNh rjg le>us esa l{ke gksaxsA

(d) gkFkh dks fdlus ihNs NksM+ fn;k\ ([k) fgj.k osQ cPPks dks fdl&fdlus pqi djokus dh dksf'k'k dh\ (x) canj us fgj.k osQ cPps dk iSj D;ksa lgyk;k\ (?k) ;fn rqe fdlh cPps dks jksrs gq, ns[krs gks] rks D;k djrs gks\ lkspks vkSj fy[kks

Lkkspks vkSj fy[kks% blesa ikB ls tqM+s ç'uksa osQ mRrj fy•us gSaA blls mudk fo'ys"k.k] fparu vkSj ys•u dk dkS'ky fodflr gksxk vkSj os vius fopkjksa dks Li"V :i ls O;Dr djus esa l{ke gksaxsA

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& (d) fgj.k dk cPpk fdlls Vdjk;k\ (i) pV~Vku ls (ii) isM+ ls (iii) xUus ls (iv) >kM+h ls

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& (d) fgj.k dk cPpk fdlls Vdjk;k\ (i) pV~Vku ls (ii) isM+ ls (iii) xUus ls (iv) >kM+h ls

Hkk"kk&Kku

23 og g¡lus yxk

Hkk"kk&Kku% blesa O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn&Kku osQ fy, ç'u fn, x, gSa] ftlls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh Hkk"kk ij idM+ e”kcwr cusxhA

vkvks oqQN djsa% blesa ifj;kstuk dk;Z fn, x, gSaA budh enn ls fon~;kFkhZ vuqla/ku (fjlpZ) vkSj fofHkUu izdkj osQ jPkukRed dkS'ky lh[ksaxsA

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& (d) fgj.k dk cPpk fdlls Vdjk;k\ (i) pV~Vku ls (ii) isM+ ls (iii) xUus ls (iv) >kM+h ls

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls ^bZ* dh ek=kk (h) okys pkj 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy•ks& (ohj] fgj.k] cdjh] gkFkh] ekjk] xgjh] lgyk;k] ikuh) tSls& ohj

(d) ([k) (x) (?k) vkvks OkqQN djsa

(d) ([k) (x) (?k)

vkvks OkqQN djsa

(d) ([k) (x) (?k) vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fn, x, fgj.k osQ fp=k dks iwjk djks vkSj mlesa jax Hkjks& lkspks vkSj fy[kks

 fn, x, fgj.k osQ fp=k dks iwjk djks vkSj mlesa jax Hkjks&

foLr`r ikB&izk:i

O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn Kku

fozQ;kdyki thou dkS'ky vkSj ewY; vkvks nksgjk,¡ (o.kZekyk] Loj xhr] O;atu xhr)

Øekad ikB dk uke fo/k

i'kq&if{k;ksa dk muosQ ?kjksa ls feyku djuk] ?kj osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk ?kj dk egÙo le>uk] vkRe&tkx:drk

1esjk ?kj ys[k ^n* o.kZ okys 'kCnksa dks fy[kuk] ^vk* dh ek=kk okys u, 'kCn cukuk] ^vk*] ^lk* vkSj ^ik* dks tksM+dj u, 'kCn cukuk

2pank ekek dfork ^uk* ij lekIr gksus okys 'kCn fy[kuk] o.kksZa dks lgh ozQe esa yxkdj 'kCn fy[kuk] ^b* dh ek=kk osQ 'kCnksa dks igpkuuk] iqfYyax&L=khfyax 'kCnksa dk feyku pank ekek dh dBiqryh cukuk jpukRed lksp] fu.kZ; {kerk

i'kqvksa dk muosQ Hkkstu ls feyku djuk] fgj.k osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk lg;ksx] lgkuqHkwfr] leL;k lek/ku

3og g¡lus yxk dgkuh tkuojksa osQ uke fy[kuk] ^bZ* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa dks igpku dj fy[kuk] 'kCn&lh<+h iwjh djuk] dke crkus okys 'kCn

n;kyqrk f”kEesnkjh] lgkuqHkwfr] fu.kZ;] {kerk

i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ ukeksa dh lwph cukuk] eksj osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk

4nknk th dk xk¡o dgkuh ^m* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn iwjs djuk] ^m* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kuk] o.kksZa esa ^y*] ^u* tksM+dj ^m* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn fy[kuk] [kkyh LFkku Hkjuk

owQM+knku cukuk] isM+ osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk i;kZoj.k çse] l`tukRed lksp] fu.kZ; {kerk

feBkb;ksa osQ uke fy[kuk] dfork iwjh djuk] fp=k esa jax Hkjuk lko/kuh vkSj lroZQrk] leL;k lek/ku

O;fDr;ksa ls ckrphr djosQ muosQ dkeksa osQ ckjs esa fy[kuk lg;ksx] lgkuqHkwfr lkekftd dkS'ky

i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] lg;ksx] laLdkj vkSj ijaijk

5esjk Nkrk dfork osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

6lksuh dh IkqQyokjh dgkuh 'kCn&yM+h iwjh djuk] ^mQ* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn iwjs djosQ fy[kuk] ^mQ* dh ek=kk osQ 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kuk] ,d&vusd fy[kuk

7ek¡ vkSj fcYyh dfork ^,* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn fy[kuk] iqfYyax&L=khfyax 'kCnksa dk feyku djuk] oxZ&igsyh ls ^,s* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn cukdj fy[kuk] okD; cukdj fy[kuk

8gekjs lg;ksxh ys[k ^vks* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa dh igpku djuk] ^vks* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa dks fy[kuk] ^vks* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kuk] dke okys 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kuk

9n'kgjs dk esyk dgkuh ^vkS* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa dks iwjk djuk] ^vkS* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn lgh ozQe esa fy[kuk] ^vkS* dh ek=kk ls u, 'kCn cukuk] fp=k ns[kdj 'kCn fy[kuk funsZ'k osQ vuqlkj fp=k esa jax Hkjuk

fozQ;kdyki thou dkS'ky vkSj ewY;

fxygjh osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk çÑfr çse] fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk] dYiuk'kfDr vkSj vfHkO;fDr

O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn Kku

Øekad ikB dk uke fo/k

10i'kq&if{k;ksa dh cksfy;k¡ dfork osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

11jkuh vkSj rkykc ys[k Tkhoksa osQ jgus osQ LFkku fy[kuk] ^va*] ^v¡* o ^v%* dh ek=kk yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djuk] foykse 'kCn] ,d&vusd fy[kuk

12ckny dfork ckny osQ ckjs esa lgh tkudkjh pquuk] ^jsI kQ* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa ij xksyk yxkuk] ^insu* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa ls okD; iwjs djuk] fp=kksa osQ uke fy[kuk ckny vkSj cPps osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk leL;k lek/ku] f”kEesnkjh] lg;ksx çÑfr çse] i;kZoj.k tkx:drk

laosnu'khyrk] uSfrd fu.kZ;] d#.kk] Lora=krk dk lEeku

vius eauilan i{kh ij okD; fy[kuk] fp=k ns[kdj 'kCn fy[kuk

13if{k;ksa osQ ?kj okrkZ 'kCnksa dk muosQ vFkksZa ls feyku djuk] opu cnydj fy[kuk] ^dk*]^osQ*]^dh* ls okD; iwjs djuk] n~foRo O;atu osQ 'kCn fy[kuk

vkRe&fu;a=k.k] larks"k] bZekunkjh] la;e

ijNkbZ ls feyku djuk] fxufr;ksa dks tksM+dj fp=k iwjk djuk

Ekk=kkvksa ls 'kCn cukdj fy[kuk] n~foRo O;atu osQ 'kCn Nk¡Vuk] la;qDrk{kj okys u, 'kCn cuk dj fy[kuk] foykse 'kCn fy[kuk

14ykyph eksrh dgkuh

laosnu'khyrk vkSj lgkuqHkwfr] f”kEesnkjh] leL;k&lek/ku

Lkwph cukdj fy[kuk

15viuk ?kj dfork osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

16?kk;y rksrk dgkuh 'kCn&igsyh esa ls 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kuk] ^M+*] ^I kQ* o ^bZ* okys 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kuk] ^gS*@^gSa* ls okD; iwjs djuk] fo'ks"k.k 'kCn fy[kuk

17HkqV~Vs dfork foykse 'kCn fy[kuk] viuh Hkk"kk esa 'kCn fy[kuk] okD; cukuk] fp=kksa dks 'kCnksa ls feykuk igsyh cukdj fy[kuk] HkqV~Vs osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjuk dYiuk'kfDr vkSj vfHkO;fDr

18fiadh dh oqQjlh dgkuh lgh o.kZ pqudj 'kCn iwjs djosQ fy[kuk] fp=kksa dks 'kCnksa ls feykuk] foykse 'kCn fy[kuk] lgh 'kCnksa ls okD; cukuk vPNh vknrsa igpkuuk fe=krk] f”kEesnkjh] lgkuqHkwfr] leL;k& lek/ku dkS'ky

19pkykd canj yksddFkk 'kCn&yM+h iwjh djuk] opu cnydj fy[kuk] lgh lgh 'kCn pqudj okD; iwjs djuk] ^dk*]^osQ*] ^dks* o ^dh* ls okD; iwjs djuk 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls dgkuh iwjh djuk lgkuqHkwfr] leL;k& lek/ku] vkRe&fu;a=k.k] lg;ksx] 'kkafr] lEeku

20dks;y vkSsj dkSvk dfork osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

o.kZekyk

vkvks nksgjk,¡

Loj xhr

bjk dks beyh [kV~Vh yxrh]

bZ[k lnk gh ehBh yxrhA

Íf"k&eqfu gSa cM+s egku]

djrs lnk txr dY;k.kA

vej vukj dk isM+ yxk,]

vke iosQ rks pwldj [kk,A

mYyw jkr esa tkxrk jgrk]

Ån ikuh esa Hkkxrk jgrkA

vks[kyh esa rqe owQVks vukt]

vkS"kf/ ls rqe djks byktA

,M+h lnk tekdj j[kuk]

,sud yxkdj iqLrd i<+ukA

vaxwj lnk gh /ksdj [kkuk]

izkRk%dky gh rqe mB tkukA

dey dye ls fy[k dgkuh]

[kjcwtk fIkQj nsxh ukuhA

Ä ls dksbZ 'kCn uk vkrk]

iÄ~dt lnk gh xhr lqukrkA

xeyksa esa rqe iwQy yxkvks]

?kj dks vius [kwc ltkvksA

Eep ls rqe [kkuk [kkvks]

rjh ckfj'k esa ys tkvksA

Tky esa jgrh eNyh jkuh]

>juk lnk cgkrk ikuhA

×k lnk gh jgrk [kkyh]

d×pu vkvks ctkvks rkyhA

Me: Me&Me [kwc ctkvks]

<ksyd ls rqe rky feykvksA

rfd;k j[kdj lksrh ukuh]

Fkddj lks xbZ xqfM+;k jkuhA

VeVe ij lc gq, lokj]

Bx Bxdj osQ gqvk IkQjkjA

.k ls dksbZ 'kCn ugha curk]

e.My tkdj dljr djrkA

njh ij cSBdj djks i<+kbZ]

/Ddk dHkh uk nsuk HkkbZA

t;k irax mM+k,¡ vktk]

IkQYk Hkh [kk,¡ rk”kk&rk”kkA

exjePN ikuh esa gh jgrk]

eq>ls nwj jgks] ;g dgrkA

Uky ls lnk vkrk ikuh]

ikuh Hkjrh jgrh ukuhA

Ckdjh [kk xbZ lkjh ?kkl]

Hkkyw [kM+k Fkk mlosQ iklA

;'k vkvks ge ;K djsaxs]

jFk Ikj p<+dj lSj djsaxsA

'kyxe [kkvks rkdr c<+kvks]

"kV~dks.k fp=k rqe Lo;a cukvksA

vkvks feydj ge lc xk,¡]

o.kZekyk dk Kku c<+k,¡A

yV~Vw ge lc [kwc ?kqekrs]

ou esa okuj /we epkrsA

lM+d ij pyrh jgrh xkM+h]

gkFkh gksrk gS lcls HkkjhA

esjk ?kj 1

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa ge vius ?kj vkSj ifjokj osQ ckjs esa le>saxsA lkFk gh] ;g Hkh

tkusaxs fd gesa vius ?kj osQ NksVs&eksVs dke Lo;a djus pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

eSa nso gw¡A lHkh eq>s uV•V vkSj pqycqyk dgrs gSaA eSa vius ifjokj osQ lkFk

jgrk gw¡A ;g esjk ?kj gSA esjk ?kj NksVk gS ysfdu lkIkQ vkSj lqanj gSA

;g gekjk vè;;u&d{k gSA ;gk¡ ge i<+kbZ djrs gSaA ge vius vè;;u&d{k dks lkIkQ&lqFkjk j[krs gSaA

;g gekjh jlksbZ gSA esjh ek¡ ;gk¡ •kuk cukrh gSaA eSa nknh vkSj ek¡ dh lgk;rk

djrk gw¡A dHkh lfC”k;k¡ /ksrk gw¡] rks dHkh mUgsa elkys nsrk gw¡A

;g gekjk 'k;u&d{k gSA ;gk ge lksrs gSaA nknh gesa ifj;ksa dh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrh gSaA vè;;u&d{k& i<+kbZ dk dejk_ 'k;u&d{k& lksus dk dejk

;g gekjh cSBd gSA ;gk nknk th cSBrs gSa vkSj gels ckrsa djrs gSaA

;g gekjk cxhpk gSA ;gk ge vius nksLrkas OksQ lkFk [ksyrs vkSj >wyk >wyrs gSaA

ge lc feydj cxhps dh ns•Hkky djrs gSaA

vc gekjs [ksyus dk le; gks pqdk gSA jktw] djhe vkSj fpaVw vk pqosQ gSaA

cSBd& cSBus dk dejk_ cxhpk& ckx

?kj dbZ çdkj osQ gksrs gSaA oqQN ?kj NksVs gksrs gSa] oqQN cM+sA oqQN ?kj iDosQ gksrs gSa tks fd bZaV] iRFkj ;k lhesaV ls cus gksrs gaS] rks oqQN

?kj dPps gksrs gSa tks fd feV~Vh] ck¡l ;k ydM+h ls cus gksrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

ifjokj vè;;u i<+kbZ d{k 'k;u

dgkfu;k¡ cSBd ckrsa cxhpk >wyk

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) nso fdlOksQ lkFk jgrk gS\

([k) nso dks dgkfu;k¡ dkSUk lqukrk gS\

(x) cxhps dh ns[kHkky djuk D;ksa vko';d gS\

(?k) vxj gekjk ?kj u gksrk] rks gesa D;k&D;k ijs'kkfu;k¡ gksrha\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- lgh 'kCn pqudj •kyh LFkku Hkjks&

(d) nso viuh ek¡ dh enn osQ fy, /ksrk gSA

(cjru @ lfC”k;k¡)

([k) nknk th esa cSBrs gSaA (cSBd @ 'k;u&d{k)

(x) nso vius vè;;u&d{k dks j•rk gSA (xank @ lkIkQ&lqFkjk)

(?k) nso osQ jktw] djhe vkSj fpaVw gSaA (nksLr @ lgsyh)

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) nknh nso osQ lkFk lSj ij tkrh gSA

([k) nso vkSj mlosQ nksLr cxhps esa •syrs gSaA

(x) nso vè;;u&d{k esa i<+kbZ djrk gSA

(?k) ek¡ gesa ifj;ksa dh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrh gSaA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kkss&

(d) nso 'k;u&d{k esa D;k djrk gS\

([k) jlksbZ esa [kkuk dkSu cukrh gaS\

(x) rqEgkjs ifjokj esa fdrus lnL; gSa\

(?k) vius ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa osQ uke fy•ksA

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- feyku djks&

(d) lksus dk dejk (i) vè;;u&d{k

(•) i<+us dk dejk (ii) cSBd

(x) [kkuk cukus dk dejk (iii) 'k;u&d{k

(?k) cSBus dk LFkku (iv) jlksbZ

2- dgkuh esa ls ^n* o.kZ okys rhu 'kCn <w¡<+dj fy•ks&

tSls& nso (d)

([k) (x)

3- dgkuh esa ls ^vk* dh ek=kk okys pkj 'kCn <w¡<+dj fy•ks&

tSls& gekjk (d) ([k) (x)

4- ^vk*] ^lk* vkSj ^ik* tksM+dj 'kCn iwjs djks&

dk'k & vkdk'k e & jke & vk gl & eku & y & lk yd & uh & iM+ & ik

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 uhps fn, x, i'kq@if{k;ksa dks muosQ jgus dh txg ls feykvks&

(d) (i)

(•) (ii)

(x) (iii)

(?k) (iv)

(Ä) (v)

pank ekek

ge tkusaxs

bl dfork esa yM+dh pk¡n dks viuk ekek ekurh gSA og muosQ lkFk [ksyuk

pkgrh gS vkSj ;g Hkh pkgrh gS fd pk¡n ekek dks dksbZ ijs'kkuh u gksA

Pkank ekek vkuk th]

Ekkeh dks lax ykuk thA

nw/&eykbZ [kkuk th]

ckny esa fNi tkuk thAA

pank ekek vkuk th]

ge lax nkSM+ yxkuk thA

vxj dHkh Fkd tkuk th]

ckny esa fNi tkuk thAA

pank ekek vkuk th]

ubZ dFkk lqukuk thA

xkuk ehBk xkuk th]

ckny esa fNi tkuk thAA

pank ekek vkuk th]

pkgs OkqQN er ykuk thA

drZO; viuk fuHkkuk th]

ckny esa fNi tkuk thAA

lax& lkFk_ dFkk& dgkuh_ drZO;& f”kEesnkjh_ fuHkkuk& iwjk djuk

jkr osQ le; vkleku esa pk¡n vkSj rkjs pedrs gSaA rkjksa dks fxuuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA lqcg tc lwjt mxrk gS] rks mldh

jks'kuh esa pk¡n vkSj rkjs fn•kbZ ugha nsrsA

Jqrys[k pank eykbZ lax ckny nkSM+

dFkk lqukuk drZO; fuHkkuk fNi

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) yM+dh fdls cqyk jgh gS\

([k) yM+dh pank ekek dks D;k lqukus dks dgrh gS\

(x) pank ekek oSQls fn[krs gSa\

(?k) vxj rqEgsa pank ekek lss migkj ek¡xuk gks] rks rqe D;k ek¡xksxs\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) pank ekek dc fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa\

(i) fnu esa (ii) jkr esa

(iii) nksigj esa

(iv) 'kke esa

([k) pank ekek oQks Fkd tkus ij D;k djus dks dgk x;k gS\

(i) nkSM+ yxkuk

(iii) xkuk xkuk

(ii) ckny esa fNiuk

(iv) vkjke djuk

(x) pank ekek oQks D;k [kkus osQ fy, dgk x;k gS\

(i) nw/&eykbZ

(iii) iQy&lykn

(ii) ngh&jksVh

(iv) [khj&iwjh

(?k) viuk drZO; fuHkkus osQ fy, fdls dgk x;k gS\

(i) yM+dh dks

(iii) pank ekek dks

(ii) ckny dks

(iv) ekeh dks

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) pank ekek dks ehBk xkuk xkus osQ fy, dgk x;k gSA

([k) pank ekek dks vke ykus osQ fy, dgk x;k gSA

(x) pank ekek dks viuk drZO; fuHkkus osQ fy, dgk x;k gSA

(?k) pank ekek dks vius lax nknk dks ykus os Q fy, dgk x;k gSA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) yM+dh pank ekek osQ lax fdls cqyk jgh gS\

([k) pank ekek dgk¡ fNi tkrs gaS\

5- lgh 'kCn fy[kdj dfork dh iafDr;k¡ iwjh djks&

(d) vxj dHkh tkuk th]

ckny esa tkuk thA

([k) drZO; viuk th]

ckny esa fNi thA

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- dfork esa ls ^uk* ij lekIr gksus okys 'kCn fy•ks&

tSls&vkuk

(d) ([k) (x) (?k)

2- o.kks± dks lgh Øe esa fy•dj 'kCn cukvks&

tSls& n ck y & ckny

(d) o uk &

([k) jk rk &

(x) dk M+ y &

(?k) bZ e yk &

3- ^b* dh ek=kk (f ) okys 'kCnksa ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) fdrkc vke

([k) iwQy fxykl

(x) fpfM+;k yM+dh

4- feyku djks&

(d) ekek (i) pkph

(•) nknk (ii) ekeh

(x) pkpk (iii) ekSLkh

(?k) ekSLkk (iv) nknh

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 pank ekek dh dBiqryh cukvksA

lkexzh&

vkblØhe dh MaMh ihyk ;k lIksQn jax dk dkx”k

jaxhu isafly ;k ozsQ;kWu oSaQph] xksan

flrkjs (ltkus osQ fy,)

cukus osQ pj.k&

pk¡n rS;kj djuk& ihys ;k lIksQn dkx”k dks xksy vkdkj esa dkVksA

xksy dkx”k ij pank ekek dk psgjk cukvksA

ltkoV djuk&

dkx”k osQ pk¡n dks flrkjksa ;k jaxhu dkx”k ls ltkvksA

NM+h ij fpidkuk&

vkblØhe oQh MaMh osQ Åij xksan yxkvksA

dkx”k osQ pk¡n dks MaMh ij lko/kuh ls fpidkvksA

xksan iwjh rjg lw•us nks rkfd dBiqryh e”kcwr gks tk,A

vc dBiqryh rS;kj gSA

dfork esa ç;ksx djks&

rS;kj dBiqryh dk iz;ksx ^pank ekek* dfork osQ okpu esa mldk vfHku; djrs gq, djksA

og g¡lus yxk

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa ge le>saxs fd •syrs le; gesa ges'kk lko/ku jguk pkfg,A

vxj •syrs le; pksV yx tk,] rks rqjar fdlh ls enn ek¡xuh pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s ,d fnu] ,d fgj.k dk cPpk vius fe=kksa osQ lkFk taxy esa nkSM+ jgk FkkA og

lcls rs”k nkSM+ jgk FkkA mls nkSM+us esa cgqr e”kk vk jgk FkkA lcls igys og

cdjh ls vkxs fudy x;kA fiQj og •jxks'k ls Hkh vkxs fudy x;kA mlus

gkFkh dks Hkh ihNs NksM+ fn;kA

fe=k& nksLr_ nkSM+& Hkkxuk

vpkud ,d xgjh •kbZ vkbZA fgj.k dk cPpk owQndj mls ikj dj x;kA rHkh

mlosQ lkeus ,d cM+h pV~Vku vk xbZA fgj.k dk cPpk mlls Vdjk x;k vkSj

mls pksV yx xbZA og jksus yxkA canj us mldk iSj lgyk;k vkSj [kkus OksQ fy, vke fn;k] og pqi ugha gqvkA

Hkkyw us mls 'kgn fn;k] fiQj Hkh cPpk jksrk jgkA gkFkh us Hkh pqi djokus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj mls xUuk fn;k] ysfdu fgj.k osQ cPps us jksuk can ugha fd;kA

rHkh mldh ek¡ vkbZA ek¡ us iRFkj dks ekjrs gq, dgk] ¶ns•ks] eSaus bls ekj

fn;kA¸ fgj.k dk cPpk cksyk] ¶ek¡] bls er ekjksA bls pksV yxsxh vkSj ;g Hkh

jksus yxsxkA¸ ek¡ g¡lus yxhA ek¡ dks ns•dj cPpk Hkh g¡lus yxkA

xgjh [kkbZ& cM+k xM~<+k_ pV~Vku& cM+k iRFkj_ iSj lgyk;k& gkFk IksQjuk

fgj.k osQ iSj yacs gksrs gSaA os cgqr rs”k nkSM+ ldrs gSaA fgj.k ?kkl

vkSj iRrs •krs gSaA fgj.k taxy esa jgrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

fgj.k cdjh [kjxks'k 'kgn

pV~Vku

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) gkFkh dks fdlus ihNs NksM+ fn;k\

([k) fgj.k osQ cPPks dks fdl&fdlus pqi djokus dh dksf'k'k dh\

(x) canj us fgj.k osQ cPps dk iSj D;ksa lgyk;k\

(?k) ;fn rqe fdlh cPps dks jksrs gq, ns[krs gks] rks D;k djrs gks\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) fgj.k dk cPpk fdlls Vdjk;k\

(i) pV~Vku ls (ii) isM+ ls

(iii) xUus ls (iv) >kM+h ls

([k) fgj.k OksQ cPps dk iSj fdlus lgyk;k\

(i) Hkkyw us

(iii) ek us

(x) fgj.k dh ek¡ us fdls ekjk\

(i) iRFkj dks

(iii) gkFkh dkss

(ii) canj us

(iv) gkFkh us

(ii) cPps dks

(iv) isM+ dks

(?k) dgkuh osQ var esa dkSu g¡lus yxk\

(i) ek¡ vkSj fgj.k dk cPpk

(ii) gkFkh vkSj canj

(iii) Hkkyw vkSj gkFkh

(iv) canj vkSj Hkkyw

3- fgj.k OksQ cPps dks fdlus D;k fn;k\ feyku djks&

(d) (i) xUuk

(•) (ii) vke

(x) (iii) 'kgn

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) taxy esa fgj.k dk cPpk fduosQ lkFk nkSM+ jgk Fkk\

([k) fgj.k dk cPpk lcls igys fdlls vkxs fudyk\

(x) gkFkh us fgj.k osQ cPps dks pqi djkus osQ fy, D;k fd;k\

(?k) fgj.k osQ cPps dks pqi djkus osQ fy, ek¡ us D;k fd;k\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, tkuojksa os Q uke fy[kks&

(d)

([k)

(x)

(?k)

2- fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls ^bZ* dh ek=kk (h) okys pkj 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy•ks&

ohj fgj.k cdjh gkFkh ekjk xgjh lgyk;k ikuh

(d) ([k) (x) (?k)

3- fn, x, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls 'kCn&lh<+h iwjh djks&

ekek&ekeh ukuk&ukuh fdrkc&fdlku fxykl&fxVkj rfd;k&fpfM+;k

tSls&

fp fM+ ;k

(d) ek eh

(x) fd rk c lk

([k) uk uh

(?k) fx yk l Vk

fn, x, fp=kksa dks ns[kdj okD; i<+ks&

fgj.k nkSM+ jgk gSA jk/k g¡l jgh gSA

fn, x, fp=kksa esa oqQN&u&oqQN dke gks jgk gS_ tSls& nkSM+uk] g¡lukA

ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh u fdlh dke osQ gksus dk irk pyrk gS] mUgsa ^dke crkus okys* 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSls& xkuk] lksuk] pyuk] •kuk vkfnA

4- fn, x, okD;ksa esa ^dke crkus okys* 'kCnksa ij xksyk yxkvks&

tSls& ?kksM+k nkSM+ jgk gSA

(d) jk/k i<+ jgh gSA

([k) og rSj jgk gSA

(x) eksj ukp jgk gSA

(?k) fpfM+;k mM+ jgh gSA

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fdls D;k ilan gS\ feykvks&

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

 fn, x, fgj.k osQ fp=k dks iwjk djks vkSj mlesa jax Hkjks&

nknk th dk xk¡o

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa crk;k x;k gS fd eksj ,d lqanj i{kh gSA blosQ ia• jax&fcjaxs

gksrs gSaA ;g gekjk jk"Vªh; i{kh gS vkSj gesa bldh j{kk djuh pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

ckyk osQ nknk&nknh th xk¡o esa jgrs gSaA og xjeh dh NqV~fV;ksa esa muosQ ikl

tkrh gSA mudk ?kj cgqr cM+k gSA muosQ ?kj osQ lkeus vke dk ,d fo'kky

isM+ gSA xk¡o osQ lHkh cPps mlosQ uhps [ksyrs gSaA muosQ ?kj osQ pkjksa vksj

gjs&Hkjs isM+&ikS/s gSaA

fo'kky& cM+k

muosQ ?kj esa nks xk;sa gaSA nksuksa xk;sa nw/ nsrh gSaA muosQ ?kj esa ,d OkqQRrk Hkh gSA

mldk uke ^eqjyh* gSA og muosQ ?kj dh j[kokyh djrk gSA ,d fnu ckyk

isM+ osQ uhps cSBh Fkh] rHkh mlus ,d eksj dks ns[kkA vpkud eksj ukpus yxkA

ckyk dks cgqr vPNk yxk vkSj og [kq'k gksdj rkyh ctkus yxhA

nknk th us crk;k fd eksj gekjk jk"Vªh; i{kh gSA ;g cgqr lqanj i{kh gSA blosQ

ia[k jax&fcjaxs gksrs gSaA ;g ckny ns[kdj [kq'kh esa ukpus yxrk gSA tc ;g

ukprk gS] rks vius ia[k iSQyk ysrk gSA bldk u`R; yksxksa dk eu eksg ysrk gSA

gesa bldh j{kk djuh pkfg,A

vpkud& ,dk,d_ jk"Vªh;& ns'k dk_ i{kh& fpfM+;k_ u`R;& ukp_ j{kk& j[kokyh@cpko

eksj osQ flj ij ,d NksVh&lh dyxh gksrh gSA ;g dyxh jax&fcjaxs ia•ksa ls cuh gksrh gSA tc eksj ukprk gS] rks bldh dyxh lh/h vkSj Å¡ph jgrh gSA

Jqrys[k xjeh fo'kky j[kokyh vpkud

jk"Vªh; lqanj i{kh u`R;

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) ckyk xjeh dh NqV~Vh esa dgk¡ xbZ\

([k) ckyk rkyh D;ksa ctkus yxh\

(x) ckyk osQ nknk th us eksj osQ ckjs esa D;k crk;k\

(?k) gesa i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ lkFk oSQlk O;ogkj djuk pkfg,\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- lgh mRrj ij () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) nknk&nknh osQ ?kj osQ lkeus dkSu&lk isM+ gS\

(i) vke (ii) uhe

(iii) ihiy (iv) tkequ

([k) ckyk eksj dks ns[kdj D;k ctkus yxh\

(i) rkyh

(iii) <ksyd

(ii) Fkkyh

(iv) rcyk

(x) nknk th osQ ?kj fdruh xk;sa Fkha\

(i) ,d

(iii) rhu

(ii) nks

(iv) pkj

(?k) nknk&nknh th osQ ?kj osQ pkjksa vksj D;k gS\

(i) ck”kkj

(iii) isM+&ikS/s

(ii) xkfM+;k¡

(iv) rkykc

3- okD;ksa osQ lkeus lgh () ;k xyr () osQ fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ckyk NqV~Vh fcrkus 'kgj xbZA

([k) gekjk jk"Vªh; i{kh eksj gSA

(x) nknk th osQ ?kj nks cdfj;k¡ FkhaA

(?k) ckyk eksj dks ns[kdj jksus yxhA

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) nknk th osQ ?kj dkSu&dkSu ls tkuoj gSa\

([k) gekjk jk"Vªh; i{kh dkSu gS\

(x) eksj osQ ia[k oSQls gksrs gSa\

(?k) nknk&nknh osQ OkqQRrs oQk uke D;k gS vkSj og D;k djrk gS\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ^m* dh ek=kk (&q) yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djks& tSls& ejyh& eqjyh

(d) dRrk (•) cgr

(x) •'k

(?k) lanj

2- ckny esa ls ^m* dh ek=kk ( q) okys pkj 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy•ks& tSls& cq•kj (d) (•) (x) (?k)

3- o.kks± dks tksM+dj u, 'kCn cukvks& iq [kq xq oqQ y /q cq lq nqdk u tkequ xk¡o xqfM+;k ckny j•okyh iqtkjh xqykc

4- •kyh LFkku esa lgh 'kCn pqudj fy•ks&

(d) eksj vius ia• gSA (iSQykrk @ iSQykrh)

([k) ckyk isM+ osQ uhps gSA (cSBk @ cSBh)

(x) ckyk osQ ?kj esa ,d I;kjk gSA (oqQRrk @ fcYyh)

(?k) ckyk osQ nknk th xk¡o esa gSaA (jgrs @ jgrh)

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 rqe vius vkl&ikl dkSu&ls i'kq&if{k;ksa dks ns[krs gks\ muosQ

ukeksa dh lwph cukvks&

i'kqvksa osQ uke

if{k;ksa osQ uke

 eksj osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjks&

esjk Nkrk

rs”k gokvksa ls ;g Mj tkrk]

vk¡/h vk, rks mM+ tkrkA

blhfy, tc vk¡/h vkrh]

blss can dj eSa bls cpkrkA

jax&fcjaxk ;g esjk Nkrk]

gjne esjk lkFk fuHkkrkA

;g gS esjk lPPkk lkFkh]

vPNk yxrk eq>dks HkkrkA

dM+h /wi ;k fjef>e o"kkZ]

nksuksa ls ;g eq>s cpkrkA

lksuh dh iqQyokjh

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa ge ikS/s yxkus vkSj mudh ns[kHkky djus osQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA

vkvks i<a+s

lksuh dk tUefnu FkkA lksuh osQ nknk th xk¡o ls vk, FksA mUgksaus lksuh dks

migkj esa iwQyksa osQ cht fn,A lksuh us iwNk] ^^nknk th] budk D;k d:¡\** nknk

th us dgk] ^^rqEgsa ckxokuh ilan gSA rqe ,d iqQyokjh yxkvksA**

migkj& bZUkke_ ckxokuh& ckx yxkuk_ iqQyokjh& iwQyksa ls Hkjk NksVk&lk cxhpk

lksuh osQ ?kj osQ ihNs FkksM+h ”kehu [kkyh

iM+h FkhA yksx mlesa owQM+k isaQdrs FksA og

ml ”kehu esa iqQyokjh yxkuk pkgrh

FkhA vxys fnu lksuh us og owQM+k lkIkQ

dj fn;kA fiQj og ,d oqQnky ys vkbZA

mlus ?kj ls ykdj ”kehu esa ikuh MkykA

blls lw[kh feV~Vh esa ueh vk xbZA fiQj

lksuh us [kqjih ls dbZ xM~<s [kksnsA xM~<kas

esa iwQyksa osQ cht Mky fn, vkSj mUgsa

feV~Vh ls <d fn;kA

èkhjs&èkhjs ikSèks c<+us yxsA ikS/ksa esa dfy;k¡ fudyha vkSj fiQj oqQN fnuksa esa vusd

izdkj osQ iwQy vk x,A iwQyksa dh [kq'kcw pkjksa vksj iSQy xbZA [kkyh ”kehu vc

lqanj iqQyokjh cu xbZA viuh iqQyokjh

ns[kdj lksuh cgqr [kq'k gqbZA nknk th vkSj firk th us mls 'kkck'kh nhA

og izfrfnu chtksa esa ikuh Mkyrh jghA

ik¡p&Ng fnuksa osQ ckn vaoqQj fudy vk,A lksuh [kq'k gks xbZA mlus nknk th dks fn[kk;kA nknk th us dgk] ^^csVk]

izfrfnu flapkbZ djrh jgukA** oqQN fnuksa

ckn vaoqQjksa ls ifRr;k¡ fudy vkbZA

ifRr;ksa dks ns[kdj lksuh cgqr [kq'k gqbZA

”kehu& /jrh_ oqQnky& iQkoM+k_ izfrfnu& jks”k_ flapkbZ& ty nsuk_ iqQyokjh& cxhpk

Hkh lksuh dh ljkguk dhA mUgksaus iqQyokjh dk uke j[kk& ^lksuh dh iqQyokjhA*

Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h iqQyokjh Jhuxj] tEew&d'ehj esa gSA

;g cgqr cM+k cxhpk gSA ;gk¡ cgqr lkjs jax&fcjaxs iwQy

yxs gSaA mldk uke ^V~;wfyi xkMZu* gSA

Jqrys[k

migkj ckxokuh ”kehu izfrfnu

flapkbZ iqQyokjh ljkguk [kq'kcw

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) nknk th us lksuh dks migkj esa D;k fn;k\

([k) lksuh ”kehu dks D;ksa lkIkQ djuk pkgrh Fkh\

(x) lksuh osQ ekek th us mldh ljkguk D;ksa dh\ (?k) lksuh us iqQYkokjh yxkdj lgh fd;k ;k xyr\ crkvksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkkuksa esa fy[kks& [kq'kcw cht ljkguk owQM+k

(d) [kkyh ”kehu ij yksx isaQdrs FksA

([k) xM~<ksa esa iwQyksa osQ Mky fn,A ,d fnu mlosQ ekek vk,A mUgksaus iqQyokjh ns[kh] rks cgqr [kq'k gq,A mUgksaus

(x) vc iwQyksa ls vkus yxhA

(?k) lksuh osQ ekek th us mldh dhA

3- igys D;k gqvk\ fiQj D;k gqvk\ [kkuksa esa 1] 2] 3--- vkfn Øe fy[kks&

(d) lksuh us ikS/s dh flapkbZ dhA

([k) lksuh osQ ekek us mldh ljkguk dhA

(x) lksuh us xM~<ksa esa iwQyksa osQ cht MkysA

(?k) lksuh us owQM+k mBkdj ckgj isaQdkA

(Ä) lksuh osQ ekek th mlosQ ?kj vk,A

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRRkj fy[kks&

(d) lksuh dks D;k ilan Fkk\

([k) ”kehu lkIkQ djosQ lksuh us D;k fd;k\

(x) lksuh osQ iz;kl ls [kkyh ”kehu D;k cu xbZ\

(?k) owQM+k isaQdus osQ fy, lgh txg dkSu&lh gS\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dh yM+h dks iwjk djrs gq, u, 'kCn cukvks& ”kehu ueh

2- ^Å* dh ek=kk (w&) yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djks& /i & /wi

(d) iQy &

([k) dM+k & (x) ikyr & (?k) ljt &

3- ^m* vkSj ^Å* dh ek=kk (q&) (w&) okys 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fy•ks& /wy

^m* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn %

^mQ* dh ek=kk okys 'kCn %

fn, x, fp=kksa dks ns•ks& ,d ikS/k rhu ikS/s ,d Nrjh ik¡p Nrfj;k¡ ,d rkjk lkr rkjs

dksbZ Hkh oLrq tc ,d ls vf/d gksrh gS] rc og vusd dgykrh gSA

4- fn, x, 'kCnksa dks ns•dj muosQ vkxs ,d ;k vusd fy•ks& tSls& lwjt& ,d rkjs& vusd

(d) ikS/k & ikS/s &

([k) osQyk & osQys & (x) fcYyh & fcfYy;k¡ &

(?k) pwgk & pwgs &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 ^vkvks cuk,¡ owQM+snku*&

cukus osQ pj.k&

pj.k 1& ,d Vhu dk [kkyh fMCCkk yksA

pj.k 2& oqQN jaxhu dkx”k yksA dkx”kksa dks fMCcs ij xksan ls fpidkvksA rqEgkjk owQM+snku rS;kj gSA

rqe blesa isafly osQ fNyosQ vkfn Mky ldrs gksA

 fn, x, isM+ osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjks&

vkSj fcYyh

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa ge tkusaxs fd gesa jlksbZ?kj esa [kkus dh ph”kksa dks <ddj j[kuk

pkfg, vkSj jlksbZ?kj osQ njok”ks can j[kus pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

ek th dks fiQj xqLLkk vk;k]

eksVk MaMk ,d mBk;kA

MaMk ysdj ckgj vkbZ]

fiQj fcYyh dh 'kker vkbZA

nkor& Hkkst_ 'kker& cqjk le;

,d fnu ek¡ us [khj cukbZ]

[khj dks <ddj ckgj vkbZA

pqiOksQ&pqiOksQ fcYyh vkbZ]

[khj dh nkor [kwc mM+kbZA

gkFk u vkuk& Hkkx tkuk

ek cksyh] vc er vkuk]

iM+s+xk ojuk cgqr iNrkukA

fcYyh us fIkQj nkSM+ yxkbZ]

Hkkxh fcYYkh gkFk uk vkbZA

fcfYy;k¡ cgqr iqQrhZyh gksrh gSa vkSj jkr esa Hkh vPNh rjg ns•

ldrh gSaA ;s ges'kk viuh thHk ls Lo;a dks lkIkQ djrh gSaA oqQN

yksx fcfYy;ksa dks ikyrs Hkh gSaA

Jqrys[k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) pqiosQ&pqiosQ dkSu vkbZ\

([k) fcYyh dks ns[kdj ek us D;k fd;k\

(x) [khj cukus OksQ fy, D;k&D;k lkexzh pkfg,\

(?k) fcYyh ls [kkus dks cpkus osQ fy, gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- fdls D;k ilan gS\ feyku djks&

(d) (i) ?kkl

(•) (ii) 'kgn

(x) (iii) gM~Mh

(?k) (iv) IkQy

(Ä) (v) pwgk

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj okD; iwjs djks&

vkuk gkFk MaMk [khj

(d) ,d fnu ek¡ us cukbZA

([k) ek¡ us eksVk mBk;kA

(x) fcYyh u vkbZA

(?k) ek¡ cksyh] vc er A

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) [khj fdlus cukbZ Fkh\

([k) D;k rqeus dHkh [khj [kkbZ gS\

(x) rqEgsa [kkus esa lcls vPNk D;k yxrk gS\

(?k) fcYYkh [khj OksQ vykok vkSj D;k&D;k [kk ldrh gS\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, o.kks± dks lgh Øe esa j•dj ^,* dh ek=kk ( ) okys 'kCn cukvks&

tSls& yk osQ & osQyk

(d) M+ is &

([k) o yk us &

(x) js d yk &

(?k) y js M+h xk &

2- feyku djks&

(d) ek¡ (i) pkph

(•) nknk (ii) ukuh

(x) pkpk (iii) firk

(?k) ukuk (iv) nknh

3- ^,s* dh ek=kk ( ) okys pkj 'kCn [kkstdj fy[kks&

eS uk rS uk r

nk lS jk uS oS

iS j d ;k Hk lk nS fu d o

tSls& eSnk

(d)

([k) (x) (?k)

4- fn, x, 'kCnksa ls okD; cukdj fy•ks&

(d) ek¡ &

([k) fcYyh &

(x) MaMk &

(?k) gkFk &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 viuh euilan feBkb;ksa osQ uke fy[kks&

(d)

([k) (x) (?k)

 nh xbZ dfork iwjh djks&

fcYyh djrh tk,]

Hkw• yxs rks ih tk,]

pwgs osQ ihNs yxk,]

iw¡N fgykdj fn•k,]

Fkddj dksus esa tk,A

E;kÅ¡ nw/ nkSM+ •sy lks

 fn, x, fcYyh osQ fp=k dks iwjk djks vkSj mlesa jax Hkjks&

gekjs lg;ksxh

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa ge le> ik,¡xs fd fdlku gesa vukt] iQy vkSj lfC”k;k¡ nsrs

gSaA MkWDVj] feL=kh] iqfyl vkSj vU; yksx Hkh gekjh lgk;rk djrs gSaA gesa

vius lHkh lgk;dksa dk vknj djuk pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

gekjs fy, [kkuk cgqr ”k:jh gSA irk gS] ge tks Hkh vukt ;k lC”kh [kkrs

gSa] og dgk¡ ls vkrk gS\ og [ksrksa ls vkrk gSA mls dkSu mxkrk gS\ mls

fdlku mxkrk gSA fdlku [ksrksa esa IkQy] lC”kh vkSj vukt mxkrs gaSA

vxj ia[kk [kjkc gks tk, ;k

fctyh dk fLop [kjkc gks tk,]

rks mls dkSu Bhd djrk gS\

mlOksQ fy, ge fctyh&feL=kh dks

cqykrs gSaA og mUgsa Bhd djrk gSA

tc ge ;gh iQy ;k lfC”k;k¡

fcuk èkks, [kkrs gSa] rks chekj iM+

tkrs gaSA fiQj gesa MkWDVj osQ ikl

tkuk iM+rk gSA MkWDVj gesa nokbZ

nsrk gSA vxj ”;knk chekj gks tk,¡]

rks MkWDVj gesa batsD'ku Hkh yxkrk

gS] rc ge Bhd gks tkrs gSaA

;fn fdlh OksQ ?kj ls lkeku pksjh

gks tk,] rks og D;k djsxk\ og

iqfyl OksQ ikl tk,xkA iqfyl

gekjh lqj{kk djrh gSA gesa iqfyl dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A

;fn gesa dgha vkuk&tkuk gks] rks ge cl] fjD'kk]

jsyxkM+h ;k gokbZ tgk”k ls tkrs gSaA mUgsa muosQ pkyd pykrs gSaA

gokbZ tgk”k osQ pkyd dks ik;yV dgrs gaSA

vkSj Hkh dbZ yksx gaS] tks gekjh enn djrs gSaA mudh lgk;rk osQ fcuk gekjk thou dfBu gS] blfy, gesa vius lgk;dksa dk vknj djuk pkfg,A pkyd& tks O;fDr okgu pykrk gS_ lgk;rk& enn_ dfBu& eqf'dy_ vknj& lEeku

f'k{kd] eksph] Mkfd;k] ukbZ] nj”kh] nw/okyk] oqQEgkj]

c<+bZ] lSfud] lIkQkbZ deZpkjh] /ksch vkSj pkSdhnkj

vkfn Hkh gekjs lgk;d gSaA gesa budk vknj djuk pkfg,A

Jqrys[k

lg;ksxh MkWDVj fdlku lqj{kk dfBu

fctyh feL=kh vukt gkyr vknj

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) fctyh dk ia[kk dkSu Bhd djrk gS\

([k) vxj ge iQy vkSj lC”kh fcuk /ks, •k,¡ rks D;k gks ldrk gS\

(x) ;fn gekjs lg;ksxh u gksa rks gesa fdl çdkj dh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gS\

(?k) ^tksdj* lcdks g¡lkrk gSA D;k mldk dke Hkh lEeku osQ yk;d gS\ D;ksa\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) vukt dkSu mxkrk gS\

(i) MkWDVj

(iii) fdlku

(ii) f'k{kd

(iv) iqfyl

([k) pksjksa ls gekjh lqj{kk dkSu djrk gS\

(i) iqfyl

(iii) ekyh

(x) gesa dkSu i<+krk gS\

(i) f'k{kd

(iii) eksph

(i) MkWDVj

(iv) eksph

(ii) feL=kh

(iv) fdlku

(?k) fctyh ;k ia[kk [kjkc gksus ij gekjh lgk;rk dkSu djrk gS\

(i) iqfyl

(iii) fctyh feL=kh

3- feyku djks&

(i) /ksch

(iv) Mkfd;k

(d) MkWDVj (i)

(•) iqfyl (ii)

(x) fdlku (iii)

(?k) pkyd (iv)

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRRkj fy[kks&

(d) chekj gksus ij gesa nokbZ dkSu nsrk gS\

([k) gokbZ tgk”k osQ pkyd dks D;k dgrs gaS\

(x) fdlku D;k&D;k mxkrk gS\

(?k) D;k gesa vius lgk;dksa dk vknj djuk pkfg,\ D;ksa\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- ^vks* dh ek=kk ( k ) okys 'kCnksa ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& tSls& eksph

(d) pksj (•) /ksch

(x) fctyh (?k) Vksdjh

2- ,sls rhu if{k;ksa osQ uke fy•ks] ftuesa ^vks* dh ek=kk vkrh gS&

3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls ^vks* dh ek=kk ( k ) okys 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy•ks&

ns•uk mM+uk v•jksV ?kksM+k eksj nkSM+uk i<+uk 'kksj

fy•uk

<ksyd

dks;y ukpuk

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 vius vkl&ikl jgus okys rhu O;fDr;ksa ls ckrphr djks vkSj irk

yxkvks fd os D;k dke djrs gSa\

1- O;fDr dk uke&

dke&

2- O;fDr dk uke&

dke&

3- O;fDr dk uke&

dke&

ge tkusaxs

n'kgjs dk esyk

bl ikB ls ge tkusaxs fd n'kgjk ,d fo'ks"k R;ksgkj gSA bl fnu jko.k osQ

iqrys tyk, tkrs gSa vkSj yksx •q'kh eukrs gSaA

vkvks i<a+s

vkt n'kgjk gSA jhuk vkSj jfo cgqr [kq'k gSaA 'kke dks os firk th osQ lkFk

n'kgjs osQ esys esa tk,¡xsA 'kke gksrs gh nksuksa esys esa tkus osQ fy, rS;kj gks x,A

nksuksa firk th osQ lkFk esys esa igq¡p x,A

esyk ,d cM+s&ls eSnku esa yxk FkkA esys esa cgqr HkhM+ FkhA dgha >wys okys Fks]

rks dgha f[kykSus fcd jgs FksA dgha xqCckjsokys] rks dgha rhj&deku vkSj ryokj

cspus okys FksA cgqr&ls yksx >wyk >wy jgs FksA eSnku osQ chp esa rhu cM+s&cM+s

iqrys FksA os rhuksa iqryksa dh vksj py fn,A

chp okys iqrys osQ nl flj FksA firk th cksys] ^^cPpks! og ns[kks] nl flj okyk jko.kA**

jfo cksyk] ^^firk th! mlosQ nkb± vksj es?kukn dk iqryk gS u\**

jhuk chp esa gh cksy iM+h] ^^gk¡] vkSj ckb± vksj oqQaHkdj.k dk gSA og jko.k dk HkkbZ FkkA** firk th cksys] ^^gk¡] oqQaHkdj.k jko.k dk HkkbZ Fkk vkSj es?kukn mldk iq=k FkkA**

rHkh Jhjke vkSj y{e.k rFkk mudh lsuk eSnku esa vk xbZA

iq=k& csVk

Jhjke us rhuksa iqryksa ij tyrs gq, rhj NksM+sA rhj yxrs gh iqryksa esa vkx yx

xbZA iqryksa esa vkx yxrs gh iVk[ks iwQVs vkSj vkfr'kck”kh gksus yxhA lHkh dks

cgqr vkuan vk;kA lHkh rkfy;k¡ ctkus yxsA

vkfr'kck”kh& vkx dk [ksy] iVk[ks iwQVUkk_ vkuan& [kq'kh] izlUUkrk

n'kgjk cqjkbZ ij vPNkbZ dh thr dk mRlo gSA ;g R;ksgkj blfy, euk;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd Hkxoku

jke us nl flj okys jko.k dks gjk;k FkkA

Jqrys[k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) jhuk vkSj jfo fdlosQ lkFk esys esa x,\

([k) eSnku esa fdrus iqrys Fks\

(x) rqEgsa dkSu&lk R;ksgkj lcls ”;knk ilan gS\

(?k) esys esa gesa fdu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) esyk dgk¡ yxk Fkk\

(i) cxhps esa

(iii) eSnku esa

([k) jko.k osQ fdrus flj Fks\

(i) ik¡p

(iii) vkB

(x) jko.k dk iq=k dkSu Fkk\

(i) oqaQHkdj.k

(iii) es?kukn

(?k) iqryksa esa vkx fdlus yxkbZ\

(i) Jhjke us

(iii) y{e.k us

(ii) fon~;ky; esa

(iv) eafnj esa

(i) nl

(iv) ckjg

(ii) jke

(iv) y{e.k

(i) jko.k us

(iv) guqeku us

3- okD;ksa osQ lkeus lgh () vFkok xyr () fy[kks&

(d) esyk ,d NksVs dejs esa yxk FkkA

([k) firk th us crk;k jko.k osQ ik¡p flj FksA

(x) jhuk vkSj jfo n'kgjs osQ esys esa firk th osQ lkFk x,A

(?k) oqaQHkdj.k jko.k dk NksVk HkkbZ FkkA

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) jhuk vkSj jfo esys esa D;ksa x,\

([k) jko.k dk HkkbZ dkSu Fkk\

(x) iqryksa esa vkx yxrs gh D;k gqvk\

(?k) D;k rqe dHkh fdlh esys esa x, gks\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- ^vkS* dh ek=kk ( kS) yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djosQ fy•ks& tSls& i /k & ikS/k

(d) p dh & ([k) r fy;k &

(x) v jr & (?k) e le &

2- o.kks± dks lgh Øe esa fy•dj 'kCn cukvks&

tSls& vk dkS & oQkSvk

(d) dh ykS &

([k) dk ekS & (x) u ekS &

(?k) M+ nkS &

3- ^vkS* dh ek=kk ( kS) okys u, 'kCn cukvks&

tSls& ikS& ikS/k

(d) dkS &

([k) ekS & (x) vkS & (?k) pkS &

4- fn, x, fp=k dks ns•dj dksbZ rhu 'kCn fy•ks&

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ LFkku esa funsaZ'kksa osQ vuqlkj jax Hkjks&

esyk & yky jax

eSnku & gjk jax

jkr & dkyk jax

iVk•s & ihyk jax

ikuh & uhyk jax

i'kq&if{k;ksa dh cksfy;k

dcwrj cksys xqVj&xw¡]

eqjxk cksys oqQdMw&ow¡QA

canj cksys [kksa&[kksa&[kksa]

oqQRrk cksys HkkSa&HkkSa&HkkSaA

xS;k cksys ck¡&ck¡&ck¡A

xhnM+ cksys gqvk¡&gqvk¡

rksrk cksys Vsa&Vsa&Vsa]

cdjh cksys esa&esa&esaA

fpfM+;k cksys pha&pha&pha]

dks;y cksys owQ&owQ&owQA

jkuh vkSj rkykc

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB dks i<+dj ge ;g le> ik,¡xs fd cjlkr osQ ekSle esa gekjs

vkl&ikl rkykcksa vkSj isM+ksa ij dbZ rjg osQ tho&tarq fn•kbZ nsrs gSaA

vkvks i<a+s

jkuh ,d NksVh yM+dh gSA mlosQ ?kj osQ ikl ,d rkykc gSA rkykc osQ fdukjs

,d vke dk isM+ gSA og izfrfnu rkykc osQ ikl [ksyus tkrh gSA mlosQ lkFk

mldh lgsyh jhek Hkh tkrh gSA

cjlkr osQ le; rkykc esa vkSj mlosQ ikl vusd tho fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA muesa esa<d] ?kksa?kk] eNyh] cxqyk vkfn 'kkfey gSaA cxqyk è;ku yxk, ikuh esa [kM+k jgrk gSA eNfy;k¡ mNy&owQn djrh jgrh gSaA

Ikzfrfnu& jks”k_ tho& izk.kh

fdukjs cSBk esa<d VjZ&VjZ dh vkok”k djrk jgrk gSA isM+ osQ ikl fxjfxV]

du[ktwjs] phafV;k¡] fxygfj;k¡ vkfn ?kwers jgrs gSaA nksuksa lgsfy;k¡ muls Mjrh ugha

gSaA isM+ ij vusd i{kh jgrs gSaA 'kke dks dkSvk] rksrk] dks;y] dcwrj] xkSjS;k

vkfn fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA tc ;s lHkh ,d&lkFk cksyrs gSa] rks cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA os vkleku esa drkj cukdj mM+rs gSaA

xjfe;ksa esa vke osQ iQy yxrs gSaA rc OkqQN canj Hkh vk tkrs gSaA os vke osQ

iQy [kkrs gSa vkSj oqQN uhps fxjk Hkh nsrs gSaA jkuh vkSj jhek mUgsa mBkdj ?kj

ys tkrh gSaA rksrs vkSj fxygjh Hkh vke dks OkqQrj&OkqQrjdj [kkrs gSaA mUgsa [kkrs ns[kdj cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA

i{kh& mM+us okys tho] fpfM+;k_ drkj& iafDr

ljfn;ksa esa bl rkykc esa cgqr lkjs i{kh vkrs gSaA yacs iSjksa okys lkjl] gal vkSj cr[k Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA os ikuh esa rSjrs jgrs gSaA 'kke gksrs gh irk ugha os dgk¡ pys tkrs gSaA yxrk gS] os vius ?kj pys tkrs gSa] tSls ge vius ?kj vk tkrs gSaA

jkuh dh ek¡ dgrh gSa] jkr osQ le; rkykc osQ fdukjs ugha tkuk pkfg,A 'kk;n

mu if{k;ksa dh ek¡ Hkh dgrh gksaxhA

Hkkjr esa rhu eq[; ½rq,¡ (xjeh] cjlkr] ljnh)

gksrh gSaA xjeh esa lwjt rst pedrk gS vkSj cgqr

xjeh gksrh gSA cjlkr esa ckny vkrs gSa vkSj •wc

ckfj'k gksrh gSA ljnh esa BaMh gok pyrh gS vkSj yksx

xje diM+s igurs gSaA

Jqrys[k

Ckjlkr cxqyk Ikzfrfnu phafV;k¡ fxygfj;k¡ fxjfxV du[ktwjs rkykc rSjuk nhed

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj crkvks& (d) jkuh fdlosQ lkFk [ksyrh gS\ ([k) rkykc osQ ikl dkSu&dkSu ls tkuoj jgrs gaS\ (x) rkykc osQ thoksa dh lqj{kk osQ fy, ge D;k mik; dj ldrs gSa\ (?k) 'kke dks tc i{kh vius ?kj ykSVrs gSa] rks os vkil esa D;k ckrsa djrs gksaxs\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- fp=kksa dk muosQ uke osQ lkFk feyku djks&

(d) usoyk (i)

(•) eNyh (ii)

(x) cxqyk (iii)

(?k) canj (iv)

(Ä) fxygjh (v)

3- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) jkuh dh lgsyh dk D;k uke gS\

(i) jhek

(iii) djhuk

(ii) jhuk

(iv) NksVh

([k) dkSUk&lk tho VjZ&VjZ dh vkok”k djrk gS\

(i) fxygjh

(iii) esa<d

(ii) cxqyk

(iv) ?kkas?kk

(x) dkSUk&ls tho iQy dks oqQrjdj [kkrs gSa\

(i) rksrk

(iii) canj

(ii) fxygjh

(iv) lk¡i

(?k) è;ku yxkdj ikuh esa dkSu [kM+k jgrk gS\

(i) cxqyk

(ii) esa<d

(iii) cSy (iv) rksrk

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRRkj fy[kks&

(d) jkuh dgk¡ •syus tkrh gS\

([k) isM+ ij 'kke dks dkSu&dkSu ls i{kh fn•kbZ nsrs gSa\

(x) xjfe;ksa esa vke osQ iQy yxus ij dkSu vkrk gS\

(?k) cxqyk vkSj eNyh rkykc esa D;k djrs gSa\

1- dkSUk dgk¡ jgrk gS\ [kkyh LFkku esa fy[kks&

(d) eNyh esa jgrh gSA

([k) i{kh ij jgrs gSaA

(x) euq"; ij jgrk gSA

(?k) lk¡i esa jgrk gSA

2- funsZ'kksa osQ vuqlkj djks&

(d)

^va* dh ek=kk yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djosQ fy•ks& cnj irx txy i•k

(•)

^v¡* dh ek=kk yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djosQ fy•ks& ek nkr cwn gluk

(x)

^v%* dh ek=kk yxkdj 'kCn iwjs djosQ fy•ks& ue çkr vr iqu

tks 'kCn ,d&nwljs osQ myVk vFkZ crkrs gSa] mUgsa myVs

vFkZ crkus okys 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSls& vkuk&tkuk]

BaMk&xje vkfnA

3- myVs vFkZokys 'kCnksa dk feyku djks&

(d) ikl (i) jkr

(•) NksVk (ii) cqjk

(x) fnu (iii) cM+k

(?k) vPNk (iv) nwj

4- vusd 'kCn fy[kks&

tSls& lgsyh & lgsfy;k¡

(d) fxygjh&

([k) phaVh & (x) fcYyh & (?k) fpfM+;k&

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fn, x, fp=k esa jax Hkjks&

ckny

ge tkusaxs

bl dfork ls ge tkusaxs fd tc ckny cjlrs gSa] rks D;k&D;k gksrk gSA

ckfj'k esa gok,¡ pyrh gS vkSj fctyh pedrh gSA ckfj'k ls /jrh] yksx

vkSj tkuoj lHkh •q'k gksrs gSaA

vkleku esa vk, ckny]

dkys&dkys Nk, cknyA

xM+&xM+] xM+&xM+ cksy jgs]

b/j&m/j oqQN Mksy jgsA

fctyh Hkh pedk,¡ ckny]

tedj ty cjlk,¡ cknyA

lu&lu] lu&lu pyh gok,¡]

rj&crj lc gqbZ fn'kk,¡A

Vi&Vi xhr lquk,¡ ckny]

lcdk eu gjlk,¡ cknyA

ty cjlk rks Hkkxh xS;k]

diM+s lesV jgh gS eS;kA

g¡l&g¡l xkuk xk,¡ ckny]

lcosQ eu dks Hkk,¡ cknyA

vkleku& vkdk'k_ rj&crj& Hkhxuk_ gjlk,¡& [kq'kh nsuk_ lesV& cVksj_ Hkk,¡& vPNk yxuk

Hkkjr esa lcls ”;knk ckfj'k es?kky; jkT; osQ psjkiwath vkSj ekSflujke uked LFkkuksa ij gksrh gSA blosQ vykok] psjkiwath viuh gjh&Hkjh ?kkfV;ksa] >juksa vkSj xqIkQkvksa osQ fy, Hkh çfln~/ gSA

Jqrys[k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) ckny D;k pedkrs gSa\

([k) ikuh cjlus ij rqe D;k djrs gks\

(x) ckny cjlkus osQ fy, ty dgk¡ ls ykrs gksaxs\

(?k) ge /jrh dks gjk&Hkjk oSQLks cuk ldrs gSa\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

¼d½ ckny oSQls cksy jgs gSa\

(i) lu&lu (ii) xM+&xM+ (iii) nu&nu (iv) VjZ&VjZ

([k) ikuh cjlus ij fn'kk,¡ oSQLkh gks xbZ gSa\

(i) Vi&Vi

(iii) xM+&xM+

(ii) rj&crj

(iv) frrj&fcrj

(x) cknyksa osQ vkus ij diM+s dkSUk lesV jgk gS\

(i) xS;k

(iii) HkS;k

(?k) g¡l dj xkuk dkSu xk jgk gS\

(i) ckny

(iii) fctyh

3- dfork dh iafDRk;k¡ iwjh djks&

(ii) eS;k

(iv) nknh

(ii) eS;k

(iv) xS;k

(d) xhr lquk,¡ ckny]

lcdk eu gjlk,¡ cknyA

([k) xkuk xk,¡ ckny]

lcosQ eu dks Hkk,¡ cknyA

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) vkleku esa oSQLks ckny Nk, gSa\

([k) dkys ckny D;k&D;k djrs gSa\

(x) ckny oSQLks xhr lqukrs gSa\

(?k) ;fn ckny ty u cjlk,¡] rks D;k gksxk\

1- dfork esa ckny D;k&D;k djrs gSa\ lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ty cjlkrs gSaA ([k) diM+s /ksrs gSaA (x) fctyh pedkrs gSaA (?k) xkuk xkrs gSaA

2- fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ( ) okys 'kCnksa ij xksyk yxkvks&

3- ( z) okys 'kCn Nk Vdj okD; iwjs djks&

(d) vkt fn•kbZ ns jgk gSA (paæek @ pk¡n)

(•) ;g vkrk gSA (nSfud @ çfrfnu)

(x) çrhd esa jgrk gSA (eækl @ ef.kiqj)

(?k) og •syrk gSA (fØosQV @ iqQVckWy)

4- fn, x, fp=kksa osQ uke fy•ks&

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fn, x, fp=k esa jax Hkjks&

if{k;ksa OksQ ?kj

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB ls ge tkusaxs fd fpfM+;k vius vaMksa osQ fy, ?kksalyk cukrh gSA gesa

?kksalys dks gkFk ugha yxkuk pkfg, vkSj if{k;ksa dks fiatjs esa ugha j•uk pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

,d fnu eqUUkh us vius ?kj esa fpfM+;k dk ?kksalyk ns[kkA og cgqr [kq'k gqbZA

mlus igyh ckj dksbZ ?kksalyk ns[kk FkkA mlus vius HkS;k jktw ls iwNk&

?kksalyk& fpfM+;k dk ?kj

eqUuh% HkS;k] ;g D;k gS\

jktw% ;g fpfM+;k dk ?kj gSA bls ?kksalyk dgrs gSaA

eqUuh% HkS;k] fpfM+;k ?kksalyk D;ksa cukrh gS\

jktw% fpfM+;k vaMs nsus OksQ fy, ?kksalyk cukrh gSA

eqUuh% HkS;k] fpfM+;k ?kksalyk OkSQls cukrh gS\

jktw% fpfM+;k viuh pksap esa fruOksQ nckdj ykrh gSA fiQj og mu frudksa

dks tksM+dj lqanj ?kksalyk cukrh gSA

eqUuh% HkS;k] D;k bl ?kksalys esa fpfM+;k OksQ vaMs gksaxs\ eSa ns[kw¡\

jktw% ugha&ugha eqUuh] ?kksalys esa er >k¡dks! vxj rqe >k¡dksxh] rks fpfM+;k

mM+ tk,xhA OkqQN fnuksa OksQ ckn vaMksa ls fpfM+;k OksQ cPps fudysaxsA

rc rqe mUgsa ns[k ysukA

eqUuh% Bhd gS HkS;k] jkgqy OksQ ?kj ,d rksrk gSA og fiatjs esa jgrk gSA D;k

fiatjk mldk ?kj gS\

jktw% ugha eqUuh] fiatjk rksrs dk ?kj ugha gksrk gSA rksrk isM+ ij jgrk gSA

yksx mls ikyus OksQ fy, fiatjs esa j[krs gSaA

fruOksQ& lw[kh ?kkl_ >k¡duk& ns[kuk

eqUuh% HkS;k] rksrk rks fiatjs ls ckgj

vkuk pkgrk gksxk u\

jktw% gk¡] dksbZ Hkh i{kh fiatjs

esa ugha jguk pkgrkA gesa

if{k;ksa dks fiatjksa esa ugha

j[kuk pkfg,A

eqUuh% (OkqQN lksprs gq,) HkS;k] eqjxh Hkh

vaMs nsrh gSA D;k og Hkh ?kksalyk

cukrh gS\

jktw% ugha] eqjxh ?kksalys ugha cukrhA og

nM+cksa esa jgrh gSA

(eqUuh vius HkS;k ls ckrsa dj jgh Fkh] rHkh vk¡xu esa xkSjS;ksa dk >qaM vk x;kA

og xkSjS;ksa dks ns[kus yxhA xkSjS;ksa dk pgpgkuk mls vPNk yx jgk FkkA fIkQj

mlus dksbZ iz'u ugha iwNkA)

nM+cksa& eqjxh osQ ?kj_ pgpgkuk& fpfM+;ksa dk cksyuk

c;k ,d fpfM+;k gSA bldk ?kksalyk ykyVsu tSlk gksrk gSA c;k ?kkl] fruosQ

vkSj ikS/ksa osQ js'kksa ls viuk ?kksalyk cukrh gSA c;k dk ?kksalyk lHkh if{k;ksa osQ ?kksalyksa ls vyx gksrk gSA

Jqrys[k

fpfM+;k ?kksalyk nM+ck fiatjk

>k¡duk vaMk vk¡xu xkSjS;k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) fpfM+;k us ?kksalyk dgk¡ cuk;k gqvk Fkk\

([k) fpfM+;k ?kksalyk D;ksa cukrh gS\

(x) eqUuh dks xkSjS;ksa osQ >qaM dks ns[kdj oSQlk yxk\

(?k) if{k;ksa dks fiatjkas esa D;ksa ugha j[kuk pkfg,\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) eqUuh us igyh ckj D;k ns[kk\

(i) pk¡n (ii) ?kksalyk

(iii) cxhpk (iv) rksrk

([k) if{k;ksa OksQ ?kj dks D;k dgrs gSa\

(i) edku

(iii) fpfM+;k?kj

(ii) ?kksalyk

(iv) Nr

(x) fpfM+;k ?kksalyk fdlls cukrh gS\

(i) bZaVksa ls (ii) yksgs ls

(iii) frudksa ls (iv) diM+ksa ls

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkkuksa esa fy[kks&

vaMs fruOksQ ?kksalyk fiatjs

(d) ,d fnu eqUuh us ,d ns[kkA

([k) fpfM+;k viuh pksap esa nckdj ykbZA

(x) ?kksalys esa fpfM+;k nsrh gSA

(?k) dksbZ i{kh esa ugha jguk pkgrkA

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) frudksa dks tksM+dj ?kksalyk dkSu cukrk gS\

([k) rksrk dgk¡ jgrk gS\

(x) eqUuh us ?kksalys esa >k¡dus dh dksf'k'k D;ksa dh\

(?k) ;fn rqEgsa jkLrs esa dksbZ ?kk;y i{kh feys] rks rqEk D;k djksxs\

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dk muosQ lgh vFkZ ls feyku djks& 'kCn vFkZ

(d) fruosQ (i) if{k;ksa dk ?kj

([k) ?kksalyk (ii) lw•h ?kkl osQ NksVs VqdM+s

(x) pksap (iii) if{k;ksa dh ehBh vkok”k

(?k) pgpgkuk

(iv) if{k;ksa osQ eq¡g dk fgLlk

dksbZ Hkh oLrq tc ,d ls vf/d gksrh gS] rc og vusd dgykrh gSA ,d ;k vusd dk Kku djus okys 'kCnksa dks opu dgrs gSa_ tSls& vaMk&vaMsA

2- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ opu cnydj fy[kks&

(d) ?kksalyk & ([k) ikS/k &

(x) frudk &

(?k) fiatjk &

3- ^dk*] ^dh* ;k ^OksQ* fy[kdj okD; iwjs djks&

(d) if{k;ksa ?kjA ([k) fpfM+;k pksapA

(x) fpfM+;ksa vaMsA (?k) eqjxh nM+ckA

tc nks leku O;atu vkil esa feyrs gSa] rks mUgsa n~foRo O;atu dgrs gSa_ tSls& u~ $ u & Uu ¾ eqUuhA vkvks] oqQN vkSj n~foRo O;atu okys 'kCn i<+sa& iDdk] xUuk] dPpk] cPpkA

4- n~foRo O;atu okys dksbZ rhu 'kCn lkspdj fy•ks&

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 vkidks dkSu&lk i{kh vPNk yxrk gS\ mlOksQ ckjs esa rhu okD; fy[kksA

 fn, x, fp=k dks ns[kdj pkj 'kCn fy[kks&

ykyph eksrh

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB ls ge le>saxs fd gesa dHkh ykyp ugha djuk pkfg,A ykyp ls ges'kk uqdlku gksrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d oqQRrk FkkA mldk uke eksrh FkkA ,d fnu mLks ,d gM~Mh feyhA og gM~Mh

dks eq¡g esa nckdj ?kj dh vksj py fn;kA mldk ?kj unh osQ ml ikj FkkA unh

ij ,d iqy cuk FkkA

eksrh iqy ikj djus yxkA mlus uhps ns[kkA unh esa ,d vkSj oqQRRkk fn[kkbZ fn;kA

mlosQ ikl Hkh ,d gM~Mh FkhA

eksrh OksQ eu esa mldh gM~Mh Nhuus dh ykylk gqbZA og mldh gM~Mh Nhuus

osQ fy, >iVkA >iV~Vk ekjrs gh og unh esa tk fxjkA gM~Mh Hkh mlOksQ eq¡g ls fxj xbZA eksrh rSjdj fdukjs igq¡pkA

^vc eSa D;k d:¡\*& eksrh us lkspkA rHkh mls ,d eNqvkjk fn[kkbZ fn;kA og unh esa eNfy;k¡ idM+ jgk FkkA mlus viuk tky ckgj [khapk vkSj i¡Qlh

eNfy;k¡ fudkyus yxkA muesa og gM~Mh Hkh Fkh] tks eksrh OksQ ea¡qg ls fxj xbZ FkhA eNqvkjs us og gM~Mh isaQd nhA eksrh us nkSM+dj og gM~Mh mBk yhA

eksrh us 'kiFk [kkbZ] ^eSa fiQj dHkh yksHk ugha d:¡xkA ykyp cqjh cyk gSA*

ykylk& fdlh oLrq dks ikus dh bPNk_ >iVk& yidk_ eNqvkjk& eNyh idM+us okyk_ 'kiFk& dle_ yksHk& ykyp_ cyk& vkIkQr] cqjh ph”k

ikyrw tkuoj os tkuoj gksrs gSa] ftUgsa yksx vius ?kjksa esa j•rs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] oqQRrk ,d ikyrw tkuoj gSA oqQRrk cgqr rs”k nkSM+

ldrk gS vkSj mldh lw¡?kus dh {kerk cgqr vPNh gksrh gSA ;g cgqr

oIkQknkj gksrk gSA

Jqrys[k

gM~Mh unh Nhuuk eNqvkjk oqQRrk

eNfy;k¡ [khapuk ykyp cyk iqy

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) eksrh D;k ikj dj jgk Fkk\

([k) eksrh dks gM~Mh dgk¡ vkSj oSQls feyh\

(x) eksrh us eNqvkjs dks ns[kdj D;k lkspk gksxk\

(?k) bl dgkuh ls vkidks D;k lh[k feyrh gS\ lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) eksrh dk ?kj dgk¡ Fkk\

(i) unh osQ ikj

(iii) ioZr osQ ikj

(ii) taxy osQ ikj

(iv) iqy osQ ikj

([k) eksrh dh gM~Mh dgk¡ fxj xbZ Fkh\

(i) feV~Vh esa

(iii) dhpM+ esa

(ii) ikuh esa

(iv) ?kj esa

(x) eksrh unh osQ fdukjs oSQLks vk;k\

(i) owQndj

(iii) pydj

(?k) eksrh us nkSM+dj D;k mBkbZ\

(i) eNyh

(iii) xsan

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkku Hkjks&

(ii) rSjdj

(iv) Hkkxdj

(ii) gM~Mh

(iv) NM+h

eNqvkjk iqy gM~Mh unhs

(d) unh ij ,d cuk FkkA

([k) esa ,d oqQRRkk fn[kkbZ iM+kA

(x) eksrh us nkSM+dj og mBk yhA

(?k) rHkh mls ,d fn[kkbZ fn;kA

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) eksrh dkSUk Fkk\

([k) eksrh dgk¡ tk jgk Fkk\

(x) eNqvkjk D;k dj jgk Fkk\

(?k) eksrh us D;k 'kiFk [kkbZ\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- uhps fn, x, 'kCnk esa dkSu&lh ek=kk yxh gS\ lkspdj fy[kks&

tSls& oqQy ^m* dh ek=kk ( )

(d) eksj

(•) nhnh

(x) iqy

(?k) nkSM+

dh ek=kk

2- ikB esa ls n~foRo O;atu okys nks 'kCn NkVdj fy[kks&

(d) ([k)

tc nks fHkUu O;atu vkil esa feyrs gSa] rks mUgsa ^la;qDrk{kj* dgrs gSa_ tSls& r $ Fk ¾ RFk (iRFkj)

3- fn, x, 'kOnksa osQ myVs vFkZ okys 'kCn fy[kks&

(d) uhps &

([k) ckgj &

(x) Bhd &

(?k) lp &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fn, x, fp=kksa dks mudh ijNkbZ ls feyku djks&

 vadksa dks tksM+rs gq, eNyh dk fp=k iwjk djosQ mlesa jax Hkjks&

viuk ?kj 15

?kwe&?kke dj ?kj dks vk,¡]

ek¡ dks fIkQj ;g ckr crk,¡A

?kwe fy;k geus tx lkjk

viuk ?kj gS Lkcls I;kjkA

ilkj& iSQYkkdj_ tx& nqfu;k] lalkj_

,d fpfM+;k osQ cPps pkj]

?kj ls fudys ia[k ilkjA

mRrj ls nf{k.k dks tk,¡]

iwjc ls if'pe dks vk,¡A

?kk;y rksrk

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB esa ge tkusaxs fd n;k ,d vPNk xq.k gS vkSj gesa tho&tarqvksa dh lsok vkSj lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

,d fnu feaowQ vius ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa Vgy jgk FkkA mldh u”kj pkSdh osQ

ikl cSBs ,d rksrs ij iM+hA feaowQ us viuh NksVh cgu fpadh dks rksrk fn[kk;kA

rksrk èkhjs&èkhjs py jgk Fkk] ysfdu

og mM+ ugha ik jgk FkkA

feaowQ vkSj fpadh mls ns[kus mlosQ

ikl x,A

mUgsa ns[kdj og Mj x;kA og

/hjs&/hjs pydj pkSdh osQ uhps

fNi x;kA rksrs dks pksV yxh gqbZ

FkhA

^^'kk;n fdlh us bls dadM+ ekjk

gSA** fpadh us dgkA

^^ns[kdj rks ;gh yx jgk gSA** feaowQ us mRrj fn;kA

feaowQ rksrs osQ fy, ikuh vkSj ,d NksVk ve:n ys vk;kA rksrk bruk Mjk gqvk

Fkk fd mlus oqQN ugha [kk;kA og fiQj èkhjs&èkhjs pydj xeyksa osQ ihNs fNi

x;kA fpadh us ikuh vkSj ve:n ogha j[k fn,A

rksrs us fiQj Hkh oqQN ugha

[kk;kA

feaowQ vkSj fpadh dks ,d

mik; lw>kA os nksuksa [kaHks osQ

ihNs fNi x,A

rksrs us èkhjs&ls ve:n [kk;k vkSj pksap Mqckdj ikuh ih

fy;kA

;g ns[kdj feadw vkSj fpadh

[kq'k gq,A

rksrk ,d ikyrw i{kh gSA ;g euq"; dh vkok”k dh udy dj ldrk gSA rksrs vukt] iQy] lfC”k;k¡ vkSj mcys pkoy •krs gSaA rksrs dh pksap e”kcwr vkSj ?kqekonkj gksrh gSA ;g gjs jax dk gksrk gSA

Jqrys[k

mik; ljdk xeyksa ve:n

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mRrj crkvks&

(d) rksrk dgk¡ Vgy jgk Fkk\

([k) feaowQ us rksrs dks D;k fn;k\

(x) rksrs dks pksV oSQls yxh gksxh\

(?k) ;fn rqEgsa dksbZ ?kk;y i{kh feys] rks rqe D;k djksxs\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) rksrk oSQls py jgk Fkk\

(i) /hjs&/hjs

(iii) jQd&jQddj

(ii) rs”k&rs”k

(iv) owQn&owQndj

([k) feaowQ us rksrs dks [kkus osQ fy, D;k fn;k\

(i) vke (ii) lsc

(iii) ve:n (iv) iihrk

(x) feaowQ vkSj fpadh dgk¡ fNi x,\

(i) pkSdh osQ uhps

(i) isM+ osQ uhps

(i) [akHks osQ ihNs

(iv) f[kM+dh osQ ihNs

3- pksap dks if{k;ksa osQ uke ls feykvks&

(d) (i) cRr[k

(•) (ii) eqjxk

(x) (iii) rksrk

(?k) (iv) cxqyk (Ä) (v) dkSvk

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) rksrs dks lcls igys fdlus ns[kk\

([k) rksrs us oqQN Hkh D;ksa ugha [kk;k\

(x) feaowQ vkSj fpadh dks D;k mik; lw>k\

(?k) bl dgkuh ls gesa D;k lh[k feyrh gS\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dks i<+dj fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

ekIkQ eNyh igkM+ [khjk lM+d VkWIkQh edM+h ikiM+ IkQly dgkuh

(d) oqQy 'kCnksa dh la[;k &

([k) ^M+* okys 'kCnksa dh la[;k &

(x) ^IkQ* okys 'kCnksa dh la[;k &

(?k) ^bZ* dh ek=kk okys 'kCnksa dh la[;k &

2- ^gSa* vkSj ^gS* 'kCn ls okD; iwjs djks&

(d) isM+ ij IkQy yxs gq, A (gSa @ gS)

([k) isM+ ij dks;y cSBh A (gSa @ gS)

(x) eq>s larjk vPNk yxrk A (gSa @ gS)

(?k) mldk uke fiadh A (gSa @ gS)

fn, x, fp=kksa dks ns•dj okD; i<+ks&

rksrk lqanj gSA isM+ yack gSA deh”k uhyh gSA

bu fp=kksa esa ^lqanj*] ^yack* vkSj ^uhyk* 'kCnksa ls uke okys 'kCnksa dh fdlh&u&fdlh fo'ks"krk ;k xq.k dk irk py jgk gSA ;s 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gSaA

oqQN vU; fo'ks"k.k 'kCn& vPNk] cqjk] iryk] dPpk] ehBk vkfnA

3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ fy, lgh fo'ks"k.k lkspdj fy•ks&

tSls& igkM+ & Å¡pk

(d) vke & (•) ckny & (x) xqykc & (?k) djsyk &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 rksrk ve:n osQ vykok vkSj

D;k&D;k [kkrk gS\ irk djosQ

nh xbZ lwph esa fy[kkss&

HkqV~Vs

ge tkusaxs

bl dfork ls ge tkusaxs fd HkqV~Vs dks fdl izdkj ls [kk;k tkrk gS_ tSls&

HkqV~Vs dks mckydj] lq•kdj vkVk cukdj vkSj Hkwudj •k;k tkrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

ukuh th us ,d dks mckyk]

mlesa ued&fepZ yxk;kA

ukuk lax ukuh uss [kk;k]

ckdh cp x, nksA

HkqV~Vk& eDdk_ Hkwuk& vkx esa idk;k

ukuk&ukuh x, ckT+kkj]

ogk¡ ls yk, HkqV~Vs pkjA

ukuh th us ,d dks Hkwuk]

mlesa uhacw&ued yxk;kA

eSaus mls e”ks ls [kk;k]

ckdh cp x, rhuA

ukuh th us mls lq[kk;k]

nkuksa dks gh cht cuk;kA

[ksr esa chtksa dks yxok;k]

HkqV~Vs gks x, lkSA

cht& cksus OksQ fy, nkuk

ukuh th us ,d dks lq[kk;k]

mlOksQ nkus dks NqM+ok;kA

fiQj mldk vkVk filok;k]

ckdh cp x;k ,dA

Hkkjr esa lcls ”;knk eDdk (HkqV~Vk) dukZVd jkT; esa gksrk gSA bl jkT; dks ^Hkkjr dk eDdk dk dVksjk* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

Jqrys[k Ckk”kkj HkqV~Vk mckyk fepZ filok;k cht yxok;k lkS

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) ukuk th HkqV~Vs ysus dgk¡ x,\

([k) ukuh th us rhljs HkqV~Vs dk D;k fd;k\

(x) dfork osQ var esa ,d HkqV~Vs ls lkS HkqV~Vs oSQls cu x,\

(?k) rqEgsa dfork dk dkSu&lk fgLlk jkspd yxk vkSj D;ksa\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- lgh mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ukuk&ukuh Ckk”kkj D;ksa x,\

(i) HkqV~Vs ysus

(iii) f[kykSus ysus

([k) ukuk th fdrus HkqV~Vs yk, Fks\

(i) nks

(iii) pkj

(x) ukuh us HkqV~Vs esa D;k yxk;k\

(i) ued vkSj vpkj

(iii) uhacw vkSj fepZ

(?k) var esa HkqV~Vs fdrus gks x,\

(i) nks

(iii) pkj

(ii) [ksy [ksyus

(iv) lkeku ysus

(ii) rhu

(iv) ik¡p

(ii) uhacw vkSj ued

(iv) ued vkSj fepZ

(ii) nl

(iv) lkS

3- lgh 'kCn fy[kdj iafDRk;k¡ iwjh djks&

(d) mlesa ued&fepZ A

ukuk OksQ lax ukuh us ]

([k) nkuksa dks gh cht A

[ksr esa chtksa dks ]

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) ukuk&ukuh us igys HkqV~Vs dk D;k fd;k\

([k) D;k rqeus dHkh HkqV~Vk [kk;k gS\

(x) ge fdl&fdl vuk”k dh jksVh cukdj [kk ldrs gSa\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ myVs vFkZOkkys 'kCn fy[kks&

(d) tkuk & ([k) ikuk & (x) mBuk &

(?k) ysuk &

2- HkqV~Vs dks ^edbZ* ;k ^eDdk* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA rqEgkjh Hkk"kk esa bUgsa

D;k dgk tkrk gS\ fy[kks&

(d) /ku & ([k) xsgw¡ & (x) puk &

(?k) eVj &

3- 'kCnksa dks lgh ozQe esa tksM+dj okD; cukvks&

tSls& gS [kkrh HkqV~Vk ukuh  ukuh HkqV~Vk [kkrh gSA

(d) jgs ukuk gSa g¡l 

([k) jgk mx gS HkqV~Vk 

(x) ukuh us ij ued yxk;k HkqV~Vs 

(?k) xk gS ukuh xkuk jgh 

4- lgh tksM+s cukvks&

(d) (i) eqjxh

(•) (ii) jkuh (x) (iii) nknh

(?k) (iv) pqfg;k

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 HkqV~Vs ij dksbZ igsyh <w¡<+dj ;k cukdj fy[kks&

 HkqV~Vs osQ fp=k esa jax Hkjks&

ge tkusaxs

fiadh dh OkqQjlh

;g dgkuh i<+dj ge tkusaxs fd gesa nksLrksa dh enn djuh pkfg,A enn

vkSj lg;ksx ls lHkh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku gks tkrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d yM+dh FkhA mldk uke fiadh FkkA mlosQ iSj de”kksj FksA og py ugha

ikrh FkhA mlosQ ikl ,d oqQjlh Fkh] ftlesa ifg;s yxs gq, FksA og mlh oqQjlh

ij cSBdj ?kj esa ?kwerh FkhA og ,d dejs ls nwljs dejs esa pyh tkrh FkhA

cjkens esa Hkh ?kwe vkrh Fkh] ysfdu og ckx esa ugha tk ikrh FkhA uhps mrjus

osQ fy, lhf<+;k¡ FkhaA mldh oqQjlh osQ ifg;s muesa vVd tkrs FksA

,d fnu mldh lgsyh fpDdh vkbZA og fiadh osQ lkFk [ksyrh FkhA ysfdu os

ckx esa [ksyus ugha tk ikrh FkhaA

,d fnu fpDdh ydM+h dk ,d iVjk ykbZA mlus iVjk lhf<+;ksa ij j[k fn;kA

mlus ihNs ls fiadh dh oqQjlh idM+h vkSj mls /hjs&/hjs uhps mrkj fn;kA mlosQ

ckn mlus oqQjlh dks /Ddk nsdj mls mQij Hkh p<+k fn;kA fiadh cgqr [kq'k gqbZA

vc fpDdh izfrfnu vkrh gS vkSj fiadh osQ lkFk [ksyrh gSA og mls ckx esa

Hkh ys tkrh gSA vc fiadh vkSj fpDdh nksuksa [kq'k gSaA

Ckkx& cxhpk_ iVjk& r[rk

gsyu osQyj tUe ls va/h vkSj cgjh FkhaA mUgksaus dHkh gkj ugha ekuhaA mUgksaus i<+uk&fy•uk lh[kk vkSj viuh esgur ls odhy cuhaA mUgksaus dbZ iqLrosaQ Hkh fy[khaA mUgksaus fn•k;k fd lkgl] yxu vkSj ifjJe ls lc oqQN laHko gSA

Jqrys[k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) fiadh cjkens gh esa D;ksa Vgyrh Fkh\

([k) fpDdh us fiadh dh enn oSQls dh\

(x) vxj lhf<+;k¡ u gksrha] rks fpDdh nwljk mik; D;k dj ldrh Fkh\

(?k) fiadh vkSj fpDdh dh nksLrh gesa D;k fl[kkrh gS\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) fiadh osQ ikl oSQlh oqQjlh Fkh\

(i) ydM+h okyh (ii) ifg;ksa okyh

(iii) yksgs okyhs (iv) jLlh okyh

([k) fiadh dh lgsyh dk D;k uke Fkk\

(i) fpDdh (ii) fjadh

(iii) fVadh (iv) feDdh

(x) ,d fnu fpDdh D;k ysdj vkbZ\

(i) yksgs dk iVjk (ii) IykfLVd dk iVjk

(iii) ydM+h dk iVjk (iv) dk¡p dk iVjk

(?k) vc fiadh fpDdh osQ lkFk dgk¡ [ksyus tkrh gS\

(i) cjkens esa (ii) ckx esa

(iii) eSnku esa (iv) [ksr esa

3- feyku djks& (d) (i) es”k

(•) (ii) oqQjlh

(x) (iii) vyekjh

(?k) (iv) pkjikbZ

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) fiadh D;ksa ugha py ikrh Fkh\

([k) fiadh osQ ikl oSQlh oqQjlh Fkh\

(x) fiadh ckx esa D;ksa ugha tk ikrh Fkh\

(?k) fpDdh ydM+h dk iVjk D;ksa ykbZ\

1- lgh o.kZ pqudj 'kCn iwjs djks&

tSls& l M+ d (<+ @ M+)

(d) ehu (”k @ IkQ) ([k) lh (M+h @ M+)

(x) >x (<+ @ M+) (?k) ly (IkQ @ <+)

2- 'kCnksa osQ myVs vFkZokys 'kCn fy[kks&

(d) lp &

([k) g¡luk &

(x) xje &

(?k) dkyk &

3- xksys ls lgh 'kCn pqudj okD; iwjs djks&

tSls& oqQRrk & oqQRrk Hkksad jgk gSA

(d) tksdj & jgk gSA

([k) fpadh & jgh gSA

(x) dkO;k & jgh gSA HkkSad ukp g¡lk [ksy

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fp=k dks ns[kdj lgh () vkSj xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

pkykd canj

ge tkusaxs

bl dgkuh ls ge le> ik,¡xs fd gesa vkil esa >xM+k ugha djuk pkfg,A

vxj ge >xM+saxs] rks bldk ykHk dksbZ vkSj mBk ldrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d xk¡o esa nks fcfYy;k¡ jgrh FkhaA mu nksuksa esa cgqr I;kj FkkA ,d fnu mUgsa

,d jksVh feyhA jksVh dks cjkcj&cjkcj ck¡Vrs le; muesa >xM+k gks x;kA

ckr ugha cuh] rks nksuksa viuh leL;k ysdj ,d canj OksQ ikl igq¡phaA mUgksaus

canj dks lkjh ckr crkbZ vkSj mfpr IkSQlyk djus OksQ fy, dgkA

IkSQlyk& fu.kZ;

nksuksa dh ckr lqudj canj ,d rjktw

yk;kA mlus jksVh OksQ nks VqdM+s fd,A

nksuksa VqdM+s ,d&,d iyM+s esa j[k fn,A

jksVh rkSyrs le; tks iyM+k Hkkjh gksrk]

ml rjIkQ ls FkksM+h&lh jksVh rksM+dj canj

vius eq¡g esa Mky ysrkA

tc nwljh rjIkQ dk iyM+k Hkkjh gks tkrk]

rks canj ml iyM+s ls jksVh rksM+dj vius

eq¡g esa Mky ysrkA

bl rjg dHkh ,d iyM+s ls] rks dHkh nwljs iyM+s ls rksM+&rksM+dj canj jksVh

pV djrk jgkA

nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ pqipki canj dk IkSQlyk tkuus dh izrh{kk dj jgh FkhaA ijarq

tc fcfYy;ksa us ns[kk fd jksVh OksQ nksuksa VqdM+s cgqr NksVs jg x, gSa] rks os canj

dh pkykdh le> xb±A nksuksa fcfYy;ksa us dgk] ^^vc vki jgus nsaA ge vius

vki jksVh dk c¡Vokjk dj ysaxhA**

;g lqudj canj cksyk] ^^tSlk rqe nksuksa

Bhd le>ks] ysfdu eq>s viuh esgur dh

e”knwjh rks feyuh pkfg,A bruk dgdj

canj us cps gq, nksuksa VqdM+s vius eq¡g

esa Hkj fy,A nksuksa fcfYYk;k¡ canj dk eq¡g

rkdrh jg xbZaA

jksVh x¡okus OksQ ckn mudh le> esa vk

x;k fd vkilh >xM+s dk ykHk dksbZ rhljk

mBk ysrk gS] blfy, gesa >xM+k ugha djuk pkfg,A

izrh{kk& bar”kkj_ e”knwjh& ifjJe dk iQy_ rkdrh& ns[krh

canj ,d cqn~f/eku tkuoj gSA canj isM+ksa] taxyksa] igkM+ksa vkSj ekuo

cfLr;ksa osQ vkl&ikl ik, tkrs gSaA ;s isM+ksa dh lcls e”kcwr 'kk•kvksa

ij lksrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

leL;k IkSQLkyk iyM+k rjktw e”knwjh esgur IkQk;nk fcfYYk;k¡

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) fcfYy;ksa esa >xM+k D;ksa gqvk\

([k) rjktw D;k gksrk gS\ ;g fdl dke vkrk gS\

(x) ;fn fcfYy;k¡ canj osQ ikl ugha tkrha] rks D;k gksrk\

(?k) gesa vkil esa D;ksa ugha >xM+uk pkfg,\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) xk¡o esa fdruh fcfYy;k¡ jgrh Fkha\

(i) nks

(iii) pkj

(ii) rhu

(iv) cgqr

([k) fcfYy;ksa esa fdl ph”k dks ysdj >xM+k gqvk\

(i) nw/

(iii) jksVh

(ii) pwgk

(iv) vke

(x) canj us jksVh OksQ fdrus VqdM+s fd,\

(i) nks

(iii) rhu

(?k) jksVh dks dkSu [kk x;k\

(i) fcYyh

(iii) canj

(ii) pkj

(iv) ik¡p

(ii) 'ksj

(iv) pwgk

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) fcfYy;k¡ viuh leL;k ysdj canj osQ ikl xbZaA

([k) canj us jksVh osQ rhu VqdM+s fd,A

(x) fcfYy;k¡ canj dh pkykdh le> xbZA

(?k) fcfYy;ksa dks le> vk;k fd >xM+k ugha djuk pkfg,A

4- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) canj IkSQlyk djus osQ fy, D;k yk;k\

([k) canj us jksVh dk D;k fd;k\

(x) fcfYy;ksa dks canj dh pkykdh dc le> vkbZ\

(?k) bl dgkuh ls gesa D;k lh[k feyrh gS\

1- 'kCn&yM+h iwjh djks& pkykdh dhy

2- fn, x, fp=kksa OksQ opu cnydj fy[kks&

(d) & (•) &

(x) & (?k) &

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj okD; iwjs djks&

(d) nksuksa fcfYYk;ksa esa >xM+k gks A (x;k @ x,)

([k) canj iwjh jksVh [kk A (x, @ x;k)

(x) fcfYy;k¡ canj dk eq¡g rkdrh jg A (xbZ @ x;k)

(?k) nks canj isM+ ij p<+ A (x;k @ x,)

4- ^dk] OksQ] dks] dh* yxkdj okD; iwjs djks&

(d) canj jksVh VqdM+s [kk x;kA

([k) fcfYy;ksa OkqQN ugha feykA

(x) canj us >xM+s fuiVkjk fd;kA

(?k) fcfYYk;k¡ canj ikl xbZaA

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fn, x, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls dgkuh iwjh djks&

•q'k mBkbZ Hkw•s jlksbZ McyjksVh fnu

,d nks canj FksA os esa x,A

ogk¡ mUgsa vkSj fcLoqQV fn•kbZ fn,A cM+s canj us ,d

McyjksVh vkSj NksVs canj dks nhA nksuksa us feydj

McyjksVh •kbZA os cgqr gq,A

dks;y vkSj dkSvk

dkS, dk¡o&dk¡o fpYYkkrs]

blhfy, lc ekj HkxkrsA

ehBh cksyh lcdks I;kjh]

thr ldksxs nqfu;k lkjhA

blhfy, rqe eu esa rksyks]

tc Hkh cksyks ehBk cksyksA

dkSvk dkyk] dks;y dkyh]

ij dks;y dh ckr fujkyhA

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blhfy, lcosQ eu HkkrhA

fujkyh& vyx_ xhr& xkuk_ Hkkrh& vPNh yxrh_ nqfu;k& lalkj_ rksyks& lksp&le>dj cksyk

ikB~;iqLrd osQ ckjs e

^vkstl* ikB~;iqLrd `a[kyk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP 2020) vkSj jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ :ijs•k (NCF 2022-23) osQ fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ij vk/kfjr gSA ;g lquus] cksyus] i<+us vkSj fy•us tSls ewy Hkk"kk dkS'kyksa dks lqxe vkSj ;kstukcn~/ fof/ ls fl•krh gSA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP 2020) osQ lq>koksa osQ vuqlkj ;g ikB~;iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;kssa dks O;ogkj vkSj Hkk"kk dkS'ky fl•kus osQ i;kZIr volj miyC/ djkrh gSA blesa dk;Z&vk/kfjr xfrfof/;k¡ vkSj lkewfgd dk;ksZa ij cy

fn;k x;k gSA lkFk&gh&lkFk fMftVy lalk/u lh[kus dh izfØ;k dks vkSj jkspd ,oa izHkko'kkyh cukrs gSaA blosQ lkFk&lkFk ;g ikB~;iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;kssa dks lkekftd&HkkoukRed :i ls lqn`<+ ,oa mRRkjnk;h ukxfjd cuus dh f'k{kk Hkh nsrh gSA

eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡

� fon~;kfFkZ;kssa oQh vk;q o Lrj osQ vuq:i Hkk"kk osQ laiw.kZ fodkl ij osaQfnzrA

� lquus] cksyus] i<+us o fy[kus tSlh Hkk"kk;h dkS'kyksa osQ fodkl dks izkFkfedrkA

� O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn&HkaMkj ij cyA

� ckSn~f/d Lrj osQ vuq:i dgkfu;ksa] dforkvksa o xfrfof/;ksa dk p;uA

� vH;kl ,oa iqujkH;kl osQ vusd voljksa dh miyC/rkA

� lkekftd] uSfrd o ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls ifjfpr djkus ij cyA

� fon~;kfFkZ;kssa esa Lora=k :i ls lkspus vkSj lgh fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk dk fodklA

� fMftVy lalk/uksa OksQ iz;ksx ij cyA

� f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa esa 21oha lnh osQ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA

UOLO osQ ckjs esa

Uolo K-12 fon~;ky;ksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh djosQ rduhd&l{ke f'k{k.k dk;ZØe çnku djrk gSA gekjk ekuuk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj rduhd dks feydj dke djuk pkfg,] rkfd foLr`r Lrj ij lHkh fon~;kfFkZ;kssa dks csgrj f'k{k.k vuqHko çnku fd, tk losaQA Uolo Hkkjr] nf{k.k&iwoZ vkSj eè;&iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ 15,000 ls vfèkd fon~;ky;ksa osQ lkFk dke djrk gSA

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