Primary Australian History: Book A - Ages 5-6

RIC-6427 6.3/159

Primary Australian history (Book A) Published by R.I.C. Publications® 2008 Copyright© R.I.C. Publications® 2008 Reprinted 2008 ISBN 978-1-74126-684-9 RIC– 6427

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Primary Australian history (Book B) Primary Australian history (Book C) Primary Australian history (Book D) Primary Australian history (Book E) Primary Australian history (Book F) Primary Australian history (Book G)

This master may only be reproduced by the original purchaser for use with their class(es). The publisher prohibits the loaning or onselling of this master for the purposes of reproduction.

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In some cases, websites or specific URLs may be recommended. While these are checked and rechecked at the time of publication, the publisher has no control over any subsequent changes which may be made to webpages.

It is strongly recommended that the class teacher checks all URLs before allowing students to access them.

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Primary Australian history

A

Foreword Primary Australian history is a series of seven books designed to provide students with an awareness of the chronology of major events in the history of Australia and the significance of these events in shaping the nation.

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• Primary Australian history Book A

• Primary Australian history Book B

• Primary Australian history Book C

• Primary Australian history Book D

• Primary Australian history Book E

• Primary Australian history Book F

• Primary Australian history Book G

Contents

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Titles in this series are:

Teachers notes.........................................................................................................................................iv – xv How to use this book............................................................................................................................... iv - v

Curriculum links........................................................................................................................................... vi

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Useful Australian history resources............................................................................................................... vii

Historical literacy skills...........................................................................................................................viii - ix Public holidays..............................................................................................................................................x

Time line of major Australian and world events........................................................................................xi - xiv Australian Prime Ministers since Federation.................................................................................................. xv

Towards Federation.................................... 50–53

Aboriginal Australians..................................... 6–9

Symbols of Federation................................ 54–57

The Rainbow Serpent................................. 10–13

Emblems................................................... 58–61

Other Dreamtime stories............................. 14–17

World War I................................................ 62–65

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World War II............................................... 66–69

Maritime exploration...................................... 18–21

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A new nation................................................... 50–73

The first Australians........................................ 2–5

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The beginning................................................... 2–17

We come from many places . ..................... 70–73

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Visiting sailors............................................ 18–21

Early settlement.............................................. 22–37 The first white settlers................................ 22–25

People and politics......................................... 74–77 Leaders..................................................... 74–77

Convicts.................................................... 26–29

Modern Australia............................................ 78–97

The first settlements................................... 30–33

Clever Australians...................................... 78–81

Bushrangers.............................................. 34–37

Aboriginal Australians today........................ 82–85

Discoveries..................................................... 38–45 What are explorers?................................... 38–41 Gold.................................................. ........42–45 Progress......................................................... 46–49 Early transport............................................ 46–49

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Famous Australians.................................... 86–89 Our sporting nation..................................... 90–93 Yesterday, today and tomorrow.................... 94–97

Quizzes......................................................... 98–109 Quiz answers............................ ..................110–111

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Teachers notes How to use this book The sections of this book incorporate an introduction to some of the major events to have influenced the course of Australian history. In the early levels, the activities are intended to form a basis for future learning about historical events. The events have been arranged, in part, to follow the chronology of events from the migration of Aboriginal Australians to the modern day.

Each section contains one or more main historical events. The sections are: • The beginning

• Maritime exploration

• Early settlement

• Discoveries

• Progress

• A new nation

• People and politics

• Modern Australia

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Topics within the sections follow a similar four-page format of a teachers page followed by three (3) student pages. The three student pages may be about different individual aspects of an historical event or time or three connected activities associated with one historical event.

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Features

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• A series of quick multiple choice quizzes for each topic is provided on pages 98–109. All answers are supplied.

• Curriculum links for Society and Environment and English are provided on page vi.

• A list of useful R.I.C. Publications resources for teacher support for each section of the book is printed on page vii.

• An explanation of the five broad historical literacy skills is provided on page viii.

• A list of public holidays relevant to Australia’s history and celebrated by each state is provided on page x.

• For teacher reference, a time line of major Australian and world events from 1788 to the present is on pages xi to xiv.

• A list of Australian Prime Ministers since Federation is given on page xv.

Teachers page

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The teachers page contains the following information:

Indicators state literacy outcomes for reading and comprehending the informational text and outcomes relating to cross-curricular activities on other student pages.

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Worksheet information provides additional information to place the topic in context with events of the time. It also includes specific details about the use of the worksheet if required.

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The page number for the quiz questions relating to each section is given.

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The title of the text indicates the person or event in Australian history.

Answers are provided where necessary. Open-ended tasks require the teacher to check the answers.

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A time line is included to place events in chronological order and to indicate similar or significant events occurring during the same time frame elsewhere in Australia or the world.

Further exploration activities offer suggestions for developing the knowledge and understanding of the topic or for widening the scope of the knowledge by investigating similar people or events.

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Teachers notes Student pages The student pages follow one of two formats.

The main format used contains three pages on a topic with a separate concept on each page, for example: Page 3 provides information about Aboriginal shelters, page 4 provides information about Aboriginal food and page 5 provides information about Aboriginal clothing.

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The title of the topic is given as well as an indication of the separate concept covered on the page.

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The title of the topic is given.

The second format contains three pages relating to the same topic, with information given on the first student page; for example: Page 11 retells the Dreamtime story of the Rainbow Serpent and pages 12 and 13 are activities relating to the story.

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Teachers notes

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Curriculum links

Society and Environment

NSW

RES1.5, RES1.6, RES1.7, WES1.9, WES1.10, WES1.11

CCES1, CUES1.3, SSES1

Vic.

ENRE0101, ENRE0102, ENRE0103, ENRE0104, ENWR0101, ENWR0102, ENWR0103, ENWR0104

SOSE0101, SOSE0102, SOSE0103

WA

V 1.1, V 1.2, V 1.3, V 1.4, R 1.1, R 1.2, R 1.3, R 1.4 W 1.1, W 1.2, W 1.3, W 1.4

ICP 1.1, ICP 1.2, ICP 1.3, ICP 1.4, PS 1.1, PS 1.2, PS 1.3, R 1.1, R 1.2, R 1.3, C 1.1, C 1.2, C 1.3, TCC 1.1, TCC 1.2, TCC 1.3, NSS 1.1, NSS 1.2, NSS 1.3

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English

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State

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1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10

Qld

Refer to curriculum documents at <http://www.qsa.qsl.edu.au>.

TCC 1.1, TCC 1.2, TCC 1.3, TCC 1.4, TCC 1.5, PS 1.1,PS 1.4, CI 1.1, CI 1.2, Cl 1.3, Cl 1.4, Cl 1.5, SRP 1.1

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Teachers notes

Useful Australian history resources

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There are a number of R.I.C. Publications’ titles which may be used to extend knowledge and develop a deeper understanding of the history of Australia.

• Aboriginal studies — a three-book series

• Australian Aboriginal culture — a four-book series • Australian studies — a three-book series • Gold in Australia — a single book for upper primary • Anzac Day — a single book for use throughout primary school • Australian special days — a three-book series

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• Primary society and Environment — a seven-book series which includes a number of relevant Primary Australian history topics

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• Change in the 20th century — a three-book series

• Australian explorers — a single book for upper primary

• Famous Australians — a three-book series for middle to upper primary

• Australian politics — a single book for upper primary

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• Successful Australians — a single book for upper primary • Australia on the map 1606–2006 — a two-book series for middle to upper primary

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• Current affairs — a single book for middle to upper primary

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• Australian identity — a single book for upper primary • Democracy – a single book for upper primary

State government websites are a valuable source for information about individual states.

• http://www.nsw.gov.au/ • http://www.vic.gov.au/

• http://www.tas.gov.au/ • http://www.qld.gov.au/ • http://www.wa.gov.au/ • http://www.nt.gov.au/ • http://www.act.gov.au/ • http://www.sa.gov.au/

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Teachers notes

Historical literacy skills

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Historical events do not occur in isolation, therefore it is important for students to appreciate the context as well as the content of an event. Historical literacy skills allow students to demonstrate the depth of their knowledge and understanding of an event.

The five broad areas of historical literacy skills are: 1. Understanding chronology

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• Students understand and use words and phrases linked to the passing of time.

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• Students appreciate that the past can be divided into different eras between which there are similarities and differences.

• Students describe how life today is different from that in any era of the past.

• Students order events, people and eras chronologically, using dates and CE (Common Era) and BCE (Before Common Era) conventions.

2. Understanding continuity and change • Students demonstrate an awareness of people and events beyond living memory.

• Students consider reasons why certain events occurred and how decisions made affected the outcome of events.

• Students look at events from the viewpoints of all parties involved and consider why some people had more influence than others.

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• Students compare and contrast characteristics of different eras.

3. Interpreting historical information

• Students recognise the difference between and the value and reliability of primary1 and secondary2 sources.

• Students understand the cause and effect of an event using a range of sources and study it from different aspects.

4. Questioning historical information

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5. Organising and communicating information

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• Students use literal, inferential and applied questioning techniques to learn about the past from a range of sources.

• Students use a range of presentation techniques to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of people, events and eras of the past.

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Developing historical literacy skills in the classroom

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Young students will only be able to learn some of the historical literacy skills mentioned above. However, through discussion and correct oral questioning, a foundation can be laid to develop more difficult historical literacy skills as students mature and gain confidence.

Primary sources are usually original documents which contain first-hand information about a topic. Some primary sources are diaries, letters, autobiographies, interviews, original works of art or artefacts, photographs and surveys.

2 Secondary sources are second-hand versions. They are edited primary sources or commentary on, or discussion about, primary sources. Some secondary sources are biographies, journal articles, reports, commentaries and newspaper and magazine articles.

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For the purposes of this series of books, fictional primary sources have been created.

‘Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.’

George Santayana 1863–1952

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Teachers notes

Organising and communicating information

Questioning historical information

Interpreting historical information

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Name

Understanding continuity and change

Understanding chronology

Historical literacy skills class record

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Teachers notes

Public holidays

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All states and territories of Australia observe a number of special days each year, most of which are not public holidays. While many of the public holidays celebrated are also observed in other parts of the world, such as Christmas, Easter and the Queen’s Birthday holiday, a number of them celebrate events specific to Australian history.

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Some days are observed on the same date throughout Australia, while others vary among states and territories. Public holidays are listed below.

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• Australia Day — 26 January — national public holiday

This day commemorates the founding of the first British settlement at Sydney Cove in 1788, under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, by the First Fleet.

• Anzac Day — 25 April — national public holiday

This day commemorates the landing of the ANZAC troops at Gallipoli on this day in 1915, but also serves as a reminder of all who have fought or served in the defence forces for Australia. A holiday on this day is also observed in New Zealand, Tonga and Western Samoa.

• Labour Day — first Monday in October for NSW, SA and ACT; second Monday in March for Vic. and Tas.; first Monday in May for Qld; first Monday in March for WA­—national public holiday

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This day commemorates the eight-hour working day which was established in 1871.

• Canberra Day — third Monday in March — ACT only

This day celebrates the official naming of Canberra at a ceremony on 12 March 1913 by Lady Denman, wife of Lord Denman, the Governor-General at the time.

• Proclamation Day — 28 December ­— South Australia only This day celebrates the day in 1836 when South Australia was proclaimed a province.

• Foundation Day — first Monday in June — Western Australia only

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This day celebrates the foundation of the Swan River Colony on 1 July 1829.

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Time line

of major Australian and world events (>60 000 BCE – present day) The beginning – 1799

>60 000 BCE: Aboriginal Australians are thought to have arrived in Australia.

35 000 BCE: Aboriginal Australians are thought to have reached Tasmania.

1300: Marco Polo discusses the possibility of a great unexplored southern land.

1606: Luis Vaez de Torres sails through the Torres Strait.

1606: Willem Janszoon, sailing in Duyfken, makes the first European discovery of Australia.

1616: Dirk Hartog, a Dutch explorer, sails to Western Australia.

1622: Trial is shipwrecked off the coast of Western Australia.

1629: Batavia is shipwrecked off the coast of Western Australia.

1642: Abel Tasman makes the fist European discovery of Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania).

1688: William Dampier, English explorer, arrives on the west coast of Australia.

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1701–1714: War of the Spanish Succession occurs.

1708: First accurate map of China is drawn.

1712: First practical steam-powered piston engine is invented.

1713: Britain becomes the dominant force in North America.

1715: France takes control of Mauritius.

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1705: Edmund Halley predicts the return of a comet.

1716–1720: China invades Tibet.

1719: Daniel Defoe writes Robinson Crusoe.

1721: French and English East India companies compete for trade in India.

1722: The Dutch reach the Samoan Islands and Easter Island.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 1725: The Gujin Tushu Jicheng encyclopedia is printed in China.

1726: Jonathon Swift writes Gulliver’s travels.

1728: Danish explorer is the first European to cross the Bering Strait.

1739–1748: The War of Jenkins’ Ear is fought between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean.

1739: Highwayman Dick Turpin is hanged in Britain.

1747: British Royal Navy introduces lime rations to prevent scurvy.

1752: Great Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar.

1754–1763: The French and Indian War takes place in North America.

1755: Samuel Johnson’s dictionary is first published.

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1756–1763: The first global conflict, the Seven Years War, occurs.

1757: The sextant is invented by John Campbell.

1761: The marine chronometer is invented by John Harrison.

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1762–1796: Catherine the Great begins her reign as Empress of Russia.

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1765: James Watt develops the steam engine.

1766–1769: Frenchman Louis-Antoine de Bougainville circumnavigates the globe.

1769: Napoleon Bonaparte, later to become Emperor of France, is born.

1770: Captain James Cook lands on the more hospitable east coast of Australia and claims it for Britain.

1771: The first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica is published.

1775–1783: The American War of Independence occurs.

1779: James Cook is murdered in Hawaii.

1788: The First Fleet, under the command of Arthur Phillip, arrives at Sydney Cove and the NSW colony is founded.

1789: Mutineers on HMS Bounty cast William Bligh adrift in an open boat on the Pacific Ocean.

1789–1799: The French Revolution occurs.

1793: The first free settlers arrive in Australia.

1798: George Bass and Matthew Flinders circumnavigate Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania).

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Time line

of major Australian and world events (>60 000 BCE – present day) 1800–1899

1802: The first steamship, Charlotte Dundas, is built.

1804: The first steam rail locomotive is built.

1804: Hobart Town is established in Van Diemen’s Land (now known as Tasmania).

1812: Grimms’ fairy tales, by the German brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, is published.

1813: Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth locate a path through the Blue Mountains.

1816: Shaka becomes leader of the Zulus.

1818: Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, is published.

1819: Thomas Stamford Raffles founds the British colony of Singapore.

1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena.

1822: Tea is cultivated in India, ending China’s monopoly.

1822: The Rosetta Stone is deciphered by Frenchman Jean Francois Champollion, the ‘Father of Egyptology’.

1823: The game of rugby is invented.

1824: ‘Australia’ is officially adopted as the name for the first colony.

1825: Van Diemen’s Land is proclaimed as a separate colony from New South Wales.

1829: Swan River Colony is founded.

1832: Swan River Colony is renamed Western Australia.

1833: Port Arthur opens as a penal settlement in Van Diemen’s Land.

1836: South Australia is proclaimed as a separate colony from New South Wales.

1837: Queen Victoria begins her reign.

1840: Treaty of Waitangi is signed in New Zealand.

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1845–1848: The Irish potato famine occurs.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Gold is discovered in California.

The gold rush begins near Bathurst in New South Wales.

Victoria is proclaimed as a separate colony from New South Wales.

David Livingstone crosses Africa.

1853: Last convict transportation to Van Diemen’s Land.

1853: The railway and telegraph are introduced in India.

1854: The Eureka Rebellion occurs in Victoria.

1856: Van Diemen’s Land is renamed Tasmania.

1859: Queensland is proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales.

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1851:

1852–1856:

1861: Archer wins the first Melbourne Cup. 1862: France begins to colonise Vietnam.

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1864: The Red Cross organisation is established.

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1865: Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s adventures in Wonderland is published.

1866: The Ku Klux Klan movement is begun in the USA.

1868: The last convicts are transported to Australia.

1873: Uluru (Ayers Rock) is sighted by Europeans for the first time.

1873: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the ‘Mounties’, are formed.

1876: Sioux and Cheyenne warriors defeat the American army in the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

1880: Ned Kelly is hanged in Melbourne.

1883: The Federal Council of Australasia is formed.

1885: Gold is discovered in the Transvaal (Gauteng).

1887: The Raffles Hotel in Singapore is opened.

1889: Sir Henry Parkes delivers the Tenterfield Oration.

1890: Massacre of Native Americans occurs at Wounded Knee.

1894: Rudyard Kipling’s The jungle book is published.

1899–1902: Boer War takes place in South Africa

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Time line

of major Australian and world events (>60 000 BCE – present day) 1900–1999

1929:

1932: 1932–1933:

1933:

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1901: Lord Hopetoun proclaims the Commonwealth of Australia.

1901: Queen Victoria dies.

1902: The Franchise Act gives non-Indigenous women throughout Australia the right to vote.

1903: Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first powered flight.

1905: British New Guinea is transferred to Australian administration.

1909: Canberra chosen as capital city of Australia.

1911: Northern Territory is transferred from South Australian control to the Commonwealth.

1912: Titanic sinks during her maiden voyage from Britain to the United States.

1914: The Panama Canal in Central America opens, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans for shipping.

1914–1918: Australian troops fight in World War I.

1915: ANZAC troops land at Gallipoli.

1917: Tsar Nicholas II and his family are assassinated in Russia.

1919: Amritsar Massacre takes place in India.

1920: Qantas is formed as an airline.

1920: Australia takes control of German New Guinea.

1923: Tutankhamen’s tomb is opened.

1923: Vegemite™ is first produced.

1927: The first Federal Parliament is held in Canberra.

The Royal Flying Doctor Service is established in Australia.

The Wall Street Crash takes place.

Sydney Harbour Bridge opens.

The ‘Bodyline’ cricket tour of Australia takes place.

Western Australia passes a referendum for secession from the Federation of Australia, but it is rejected by the British Parliament.

Australia Antarctic Territory is established.

Australian troops fight in World War II. The Cold War between the USA and the USSR begins.

The first all-Australian car is produced—the Holden (FX) 48-215.

Australian troops fight in the Korean War. Mount Everest is climbed by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.

Melbourne hosts the Olympics.

The Soviet Union launches the first artificial satellite, Sputnik.

Australian troops fight in the Vietnam War (from 1965).

Russian Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space.

Apollo 11 space mission—Armstrong and Aldrin land on the moon.

Neville Bonner becomes the first Aboriginal Australian federal Member of Parliament.

The Sydney Opera House opens.

The Khmer Rouge take control of government in Cambodia.

Asian immigration into Australia increases.

Australia wins the America’s Cup. Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster occurs.

Bicentenary of European settlement in Australia. The new Parliament House opens in Canberra.

Tiananmen Square Massacre occurs in Beijing.

Nelson Mandela is freed from captivity in South Africa after 27 years.

The Cold War officially ends with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Nelson Mandela is elected president of South Africa.

Israeli Prime Minister, Yitznak Rabin, is assassinated.

John Howard is elected Prime Minister.

Diana, Princess of Wales, is killed in a car crash.

Head of Yagan is returned to Australia.

World population reaches six billion.

A massive hailstorm hits Sydney, causing $1.7 billion in damage.

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1933: 1939–1945:

1946:

1948: 1950–1953:

1953:

1956:

1957: 1959–1975:

1961:

1969:

1971:

1973:

1975:

1981:

1983:

1986:

1988:

1989:

1990:

1991:

1994:

1995:

1996:

1997:

1998:

1999:

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Time line

of major Australian and world events (>60 000 BCE – present day) 2000–2007

2000: John Howard’s Liberal government introduces the goods and services tax (GST).

Sydney hosts the Summer Olympics.

2001: Australia celebrates the centenary of Federation of Australia.

The World Trade Centre towers in New York City are destroyed by terrorists.

2001 Mars Odyssey reaches the orbit of Mars.

2002: The euro is officially launched as the new single currency for 12 of the European Union’s member states.

Terrorist bombings in Bali nightclubs kill 202 people.

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East Timor gains independence from Indonesia.

Brazil wins the Football World Cup for the fifth time.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spreads around the world.

2002–2003: Athens hosts the Summer Olympics.

2003: US-led coalition force invades Iraq, beginning the Iraq War.

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Space shuttle Columbia disaster occurs.

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Chinese space program launches its first manned space flight, Shenzhou 5 Almost 35 000 people in Europe die as a result of a prolonged heatwave.

Australia wins the Cricket World Cup. England wins the Rugby World Cup. 2004–2005: The Orange Revolution takes place in Ukraine.

2004: Australia and the USA sign a free trade agreement.

An Indian Ocean earthquake creates a tsunami which kills more than 260 000 people.

The Madrid train terrorist attack claims the lives of 191 people and injures over 1000.

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Hurricanes Charley, Francis, Ivan and Jeanne cause over 3000 deaths as they batter the Caribbean.

2005: Hurricane Katrina causes major destruction along the Gulf Coast of the US, killing almost 2000 people.

An earthquake in Kashmir claims the lives of almost 90 000 Indians and Pakistanis.

The London transport terrorist attack claims the lives of 52 people and injures 700.

A terrorist attack in Delhi on the eve of the festival season kills 61 people and injures almost 200 more.

In cricket, England wins the Ashes by defeating Australia.

American Lance Armstrong wins the Tour de France for the seventh time.

2006: North Korea conducts its first nuclear weapons test.

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Pluto is reclassified as a dwarf planet.

Saddam Hussein is executed in Baghdad.

Steve Irwin, the ‘crocodile hunter’, dies after being fatally pierced by a stingray barb.

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Melbourne hosts the Commonwealth Games.

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Australia regains the Ashes from England.

Italy wins the Football World Cup.

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2007: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit is held in Sydney.

Buddhist monks in Burma protest against military rule in the country.

Australia wins the Cricket World Cup.

South Africa wins the Rugby World Cup.

Kevin Rudd (ALP) elected Prime Minister.

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2008: Federal Parliament offers an official apology to the ‘stolen generations’ on behalf of the Australian Government.

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Australian Prime Ministers since Federation Prime Minister

Term and length of office

Political party

Sir Edmund Barton

01/01/1901 – 24/09/1903

2 years 9 months

Protectionist

Alfred Deakin

24/09/1903 – 27/04/1904

0 years 7 months

Protectionist

Chris Watson

27/04/1904 – 18/08/1904

0 years 4 months

Labor

Sir George Reid

18/08/1904 – 05/07/1905

0 years 11 months

Free Trade

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S 3 years 4 months

Protectionist

13/11/1908 – 02/06/1909

0 years 7 months

Labor

02/06/1909 – 29/04/1910

0 years 11 months

Commonwealth Liberal

29/04/1910 – 24/06/1913

3 years 2 months

Labor

24/06/1913 – 17/09/1914

1 year 3 months

Commonwealth Liberal

Andrew Fisher

17/09/1914 – 27/10/1915

1 year 1 month

Billy Hughes

27/10/1915 – 09/02/1923

7 years 4 months

Stanley Bruce

09/02/1923 – 22/10/1929

6 years 9 months

James Scullin

22/10/1929 – 06/01/1932

2 years 3 months

Joseph Lyons

06/01/1932 – 07/04/1939

7 years 3 months

Sir Earle Page

07/04/1939 – 26/04/1939

0 years 3 weeks

Robert Menzies

26/04/1939 – 28/08/1941

2 years 4 months

United Australia

Arthur Fadden

28/08/1941 – 07/10/1941

0 years 6 weeks

Country

John Curtin

07/10/1941 – 05/07/1945

3 years 9 months

Labor

Frank Forde

05/07/1945 – 13/07/1945

0 years 1 week

Labor

Ben Chifley

13/07/1945 – 19/12/1949

4 years 5 months

Sir Robert Menzies

19/12/1949 – 26/01/1966

16 years 1 month

Harold Holt

26/01/1966 – 19/12/1967

1 year 11 months

19/12/1967 – 10/01/1968

0 years 3 weeks

10/01/1968 – 10/03/1971

3 years 2 months

Liberal

10/03/1971 – 05/12/1972

1 year 9 months

Liberal

05/12/1972 – 11/11/1975

2 years 11 months

Labor

Malcolm Fraser

11/11/1975 – 11/03/1983

7 years 4 months

Liberal

Bob Hawke

11/03/1983 – 20/12/1991

8 years 9 months

Labor

Paul Keating

20/12/1991 – 11/11/1996

4 years 3 months

Labor

John Howard

11/11/1996 – 03/12/2007

11 years 9 months

Liberal

Andrew Fisher Alfred Deakin

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Andrew Fisher Sir Joseph Cook

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05/07/1905 – 13/11/1908

Alfred Deakin

Labor

Labor/Nationalist Nationalist Labor

United Australia

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Sir John McEwen John Gorton

Sir William McMahon Gough Whitlam

Kevin Rudd

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Country

Labor

Liberal

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Labor

Primary Australian history

xv

The first Australians The beginning

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line Around 50 000 to 70 000 years ago

• Reads and comprehends information about the way of life of the first Australians— Aboriginal Australians.

Australia is joined to New Guinea and Tasmania by land bridges.

• Aboriginal Australians are believed to have lived in Australia for at least 40 000 years.

• During the last Ice Age, Australia was connected to land areas to the north, including New Guinea, providing ‘land bridges’ for Aboriginal Australians to migrate to Australia.

Aboriginal Australians migrate to Australia.

Indonesian trepang fishermen visit northern Australia.

1788

First European settlement in Australia. Conflict between Europeans and Aboriginals begins.

1788

Arabanoo is the first Aboriginal Australian to be captured.

• Traditional people had basic needs to satisfy. They had to gather and hunt for food, find water, provide shelters and wear clothing to keep warm in winter.

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Around 40 000 to 60 000 years ago

Worksheet information

Page 3

• Aboriginal Australians often used caves or overhanging rocks for shelter, but sometimes made small, temporary shelters from bark and tree branches. A tree was often used to lean the ‘humpy’ against so the shelter was often called a ‘lean-to’.

• For best results photocopy onto cardboard.

• Read the sentences with the students, then discuss the shape of the humpy and how it may have been made.

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• Students collect fallen bark or leaves from the playground to attach to the humpy using strong glue.

Page 4

• Traditional Aboriginal Australian foods include kangaroo, birds, fish, wallaby, possum, koala, goanna, snake, emu, duck, shellfish, honey ant, wild honey, reptile eggs, bat, seeds, figs and berries.

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• Aboriginal people mostly wore no clothes but, after European settlement, sometimes wore a belt made from hair, fur or skin on which tools or weapons were carried. Possum skin cloaks were commonly worn in winter and also used as rugs. In some areas, feathers, animal teeth and beads were often worn on short pieces of reed for decoration. Some men also wore a piece of bone or wood through their noses.

• A fish has been included for students to see that some foods are similar to those eaten today.

Page 5

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• Discuss what sort of clothes the students wear in summer and winter. Compare them to those in the pictures. Read the season-related words before students match the words to the pictures. Students colour the pictures.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 98.

Further exploration

• Read books to find out what people made up a traditional Aboriginal family and how they looked after each other.

• Students draw and compare a humpy to his/her own home, his/her own food to traditional Aboriginal food and his/her own clothing to that of traditional Aboriginal children.

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Th e b e

The first Australians – 1

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The first people to live in Australia were the Aboriginal Australians.

They lived in simple shelters called humpies.

Humpies were made from bark and tree branches.

1.

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2.

r o e t s Bo r e p on the humpy. ok Glue bark or leaves u S Colour the humpy.

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Primary Australian history

3

Th e b e

The first Australians – 2

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Aboriginal Australians moved from place to place.

They hunted birds and animals, such as kangaroos, for food.

They fished and gathered berries, nuts and yams to eat.

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Circle the traditional Aboriginal food.

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Th e b e

The first Australians – 3

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Aboriginal people often wore no clothes.

Sometimes they wore a belt with a flap hanging down.

During winter, they often wore cloaks made from animal skins.

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Draw a line to match the season to the correct type of clothing.

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Primary Australian history

5

Aboriginal Australians The beginning

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line Around 50 000 to 70 000 years ago

• Reads and comprehends information about the way of life of the first Australians— Aboriginal Australians.

Australia is joined to New Guinea and Tasmania by land bridges.

Aboriginal Australians migrate to Australia.

1788

First European settlement in Australia.

1789

Smallpox sweeps through the Aboriginal Australian population.

Bennelong is captured by Captain Arthur Phillip.

1790

Pemulwuy spears John McIntyre, Captain Arthur Phillip’s gamekeeper, and an expedition is sent to find him for punishment.

1792–1802

Page 7

• Aboriginal Australians used weapons and tools to hunt and gather food. They needed tools such as choppers, scrapers and files to keep their weapons sharp. They used stones, shells, bones, wood hair and bark to make them. Tools include spears, axes, shields, spear-throwers (commonly called woomeras), boomerangs, digging sticks, canoes, fishing lines, hooks made from shells, baskets, dilly bags and other containers for water. Some tools were used for making and decorating weapons and other tools.

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Around 40 000 years ago

Worksheet information

• Look at and discuss each weapon or tool, then read each sentence and decide as a group which picture matches. Students then cut out and glue the sentences underneath the matching picture.

Page 8

• NAIDOC is the acronym for ‘National Aboriginal and Islander Day Observance Committee’, which was responsible for organising national activities. It gradually became the name of a week which celebrates the culture, history and achievements of the two Indigenous groups of Australians.

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Pemulwuy leads Aboriginal Australian resistance in the Sydney area.

• Read the sentences with the students and discuss any personal experiences students may have had of NAIDOC Week. Students colour the ‘poster’ as directed. If desired, completed posters may be mounted on yellow, red or black paint and displayed.

Page 9

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• A bunyip was a Dreamtime spirit who would defend its habitat from intruders and eat them. Bunyips were believed to prey on women and children. Bunyips were believed to take many shapes and sizes. Some had feathers while others had scales like a crocodile.

Some common features of bunyips in Aboriginal Australian drawings were of having a tail like a horse and flippers and tusks like a walrus. The word ‘bunyip’ in Aboriginal Australian language means ‘devil’ or ‘spirit.’

• Read the sentences with the students and explain the instructions. Ensure that the students understand that no two drawings will be exactly the same.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 98.

o c . che e r o t r s super Further exploration

• Look at pictures of a stone axe, shield or grinding stone and discuss how they may have been used.

• Join in celebrations for NAIDOC Week in July.

• Read stories about bunyips such as The bunyip of Berkeley’s Creek by Jenny Wagner.

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Th e b e

Aboriginal Australians – 1

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Aboriginal Australians used weapons and tools to get their food. and match the sentences to the correct weapon or tool.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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A digging stick is shaped to help A woomera is a stick used to help women find yams, grubs and a spear go further when thrown. ants.

A spear is a long stick with a sharp A boomerang is a curved piece of end and is used for hunting and wood which is thrown. fishing. www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

7

Th e b e

Aboriginal Australians – 2

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NAIDOC Week in July celebrates the way of life of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.

Follow the key to colour the poster.

Key 1. red 2. yellow

3. black r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

NAIDOC WEEK 1

1

3

2

1

3

2

3

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Th e b e

Aboriginal Australians – 3

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Aboriginal Australians told Dreamtime stories about how animals and things were created.

The bunyip was a magical beast. It lived in the Dreamtime, near rivers, lakes, swamps and billabongs. It did not like people.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

(b) four flippers and (c) a tail like a horse.

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Draw: (a) two tusks

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Primary Australian history

9

The Rainbow Serpent The beginning

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line Around 50 000 to 70 000 years ago

• Reads Dreamtime stories and comprehends that they tell the history and way of life of Aboriginal Australians.

Australia is joined to New Guinea and Tasmania by land bridges.

Aboriginal Australians migrate to Australia.

1788

First European settlement in Australia.

• The Dreamtime, or Dreaming, is the era of creation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture. The stories from the Dreamtime are told by Indigenous communities and are an integral part of life for Indigenous Australians. They are also told as a way to pass on the values, symbols and laws of a certain Aboriginal group. They play a vital role in educating children and help to explain how the land came to be shaped and inhabited, how to behave and why, where to find specific foods and other key cultural issues.

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Around 40 000 TO 60 000 years ago

Worksheet information

Page 11

• The Rainbow Serpent is a well-known and important mythological being for many Aboriginal Australian groups. The story describes the creation of landforms, animals and plants.

• Photocopy one page for each student and read the story of the Rainbow Serpent with the class at least once. After reading and discussing the story, students colour the pictures in the boxes at the bottom of the page, then cut them out to glue in sequential order onto the snake worksheet (page 12).

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Page 12.

• Photocopy one sheet for each student. Students glue in sequence the cut out pictures from page 11.

Answers

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• The story of the Rainbow Serpent is a creation story. Discuss with the students what kind of things were created by the Rainbow Serpent in the story: mountains, hills, rivers, lakes, animals and plants. Give each student a paper bag and take them on a short walk.

Discuss some of the landforms, plants and animals that they can see or might find in their local environment. On their way they can collect fallen leaves, sand, bark, grass and feathers. Students use these collected items to make a collage of the environment by gluing them onto the worksheet.

o c . che e r o t r s super • Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 99.

Further exploration

• Dreamtime stories were never written down in Aboriginal culture, only spoken. As such, the stories sometimes vary and there are different versions of the Rainbow Serpent. Read some of the different versions and discuss with the students how each story differs from the others they have heard. In some versions the snake is female, has a variety of names and creates landscapes, plants and animals in different ways. The students can each draw or paint a picture representing the main idea of the story, or dictate or write the story in their own words and read it to the class. Ask the students to comment on how the stories differ depending on the author.

• Look at some examples of Aboriginal artwork of the Rainbow Serpent. Investigate the colours and patterns frequently used. Make a giant Rainbow Serpent, with each student painting one piece of the snake with patterns, to display in the classroom.

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The Rainbow Serpent – 1

Th e b e

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A long time ago, during the Dreamtime, the land was very flat. There were no hills, trees, birds or lakes. But there was a big sleeping snake called the Rainbow Serpent.

One day, he woke up and went to look for his people. He was so big that, wherever he went, his body made big holes and bumps on the ground. These became lakes, mountains and rivers.

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u When he foundS his people they were happy to see him. He taught them how to dance, dress and make shelters. But, one day, he got very angry and his people ran to hide. Some of them turned into plants and animals to hide from him. The Rainbow Serpent went away to the sea and never came back. , cut and glue the pictures onto the Rainbow Colour Serpent on the sheet of paper your teacher gives you.

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Primary Australian history

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Glue the pictures onto the Rainbow Serpent in the right order.

Teac he r

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Th e b e

The Rainbow Serpent – 3

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Collect sand, leaves, bark and feathers during your walk.

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Glue them around the Rainbow Serpent to make mountains, plants and animals.

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Primary Australian history

13

Other Dreamtime stories The beginning

Indicator

Time line

Around 50 000 to 70 000 years ago

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads Dreamtime stories and comprehends that they tell the history and way of life of Aboriginal Australians.

Australia is joined to New Guinea and Tasmania by land bridges.

Around 40 000 to 60 000 years ago 1788

First European settlement in Australia.

• Dreamtime stories have many purposes. One of the original purposes was to explain the rules for living, and many of the stories convey a serious message about following the laws of Indigenous society. Another purpose was to explain the creation of the universe and its contents. The following two stories are examples of these kinds of Dreaming stories.

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Aboriginal Australians migrate to Australia.

Worksheet information

Page 15

• ‘Warringe in the sky’ is a creation story which explains the existence of the moon and stars in our solar system. Read the story through with the students and ask them to think about what kind of story it is and why it might have been told. Ask the students to think of something in the environment that interests them, such as the sun, a local river, desert or forest and to devise a story to explain how it was created.

Page 16

• Photocopy one page for each student. Students draw the main idea for their own creation story, give it a title and write or tell their story to the class. These can be collated as a class book.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Page 17

• ‘The butterfly’ explains the concept of life cycles and also encourages the listener to be helpful and kind. There are four main characters in this story, with Caterpillar becoming a butterfly at the end as a reward for being helpful.

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• Give each student a photocopy of page 17. Read the story with the students. Discuss the different characters and what they thought each character was like in terms of its appearance, actions and personality. Students draw the main characters from the story in the picture of the butterfly.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 99.

Further exploration

• Different Indigenous groups have different stories explaining laws and the formation of land formations in local environments. Read some specific stories and use a map of Australia to locate where the stories come from.

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• Just as the Dreamtime stories are used as a teaching tool in Indigenous culture, so we have stories that teach lessons or morals in our culture. Ask the children to think of stories that they know that are used to teach life’s lessons, such as ‘The little red hen’ (helping people).

• Make damper with the children and discuss how it might look similar to a rising moon.

• Invite a local Indigenous person to tell Dreaming stories to the students.

• Invite parents or speakers from other cultures to come to the classroom and tell stories from their cultures. The students can compare the stories to the Dreamtime stories they have heard. Discuss with the children how these stories are common across cultures.

• Discuss how damper is a traditional Indigenous food. Investigate other traditional foods and compare them to the foods we eat today.

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Th e b e

Other Dreamtime stories – 1

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Warringe in the sky A long time ago, there were no

r o e t s Bo r e ponly saw the ok animals on the earth u sun come upS in the sky every day. stars or moon in the sky and

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it was only black at night. The

One day, some children came down from the sky to play and eat lots of food. They ate so much food that there was none left for the animals.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Mother Sun wanted her children to come back to the sky. She made •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• a big loaf of damper that grew in the sky.

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When her children saw it, some of them went into the sky to eat it and became

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stars. The others stayed on the earth to eat

o c . c e he r The damper became the moon that rises and is slowly eaten every o t r s supise r month until a new moon damper made.

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the crumbs and they became the people.

Primary Australian history

15

Th e b e

Other Dreamtime stories – 2

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1. The name of my Dreamtime story is:

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2. Draw the main idea for your Dreamtime story.

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o c . che e r o t r s super 3. Write what happens in your Dreamtime story.

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Th e b e

Other Dreamtime stories – 3

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One day, Caterpillar met Birrave, a spirit who painted the trees, plants and grass.

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Caterpillar asked if he could help Birrave, who was happy to have help.

Willy Wagtail saw Caterpillar and tried to trick him into eating lots of leaves so he would be nice and fat to eat. But Spider told Caterpillar it was a trick and to make a cocoon to hide in. Another spirit, called Mellong, had seen Caterpillar helping and gave him a special present while he slept; some beautiful wings so he could fly away from Willy Wagtail.

Draw what you think the four characters in the story look like in the right space.

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Primary Australian history

17

Visiting sailors Maritime exploration

Indicators

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line

1606

• Reads and comprehends information about sailors from different countries who visited Australia.

Worksheet information

Willem Janszoon, on board Duyfken, sights the Australian coastline at Cape York Peninsula.

1616

Teac he r

1623

Jan Carstenszoon visits the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula.

1642

Abel Tasman discovers Van Diemen’s Land.

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Dirk Hartog lands at Shark Bay in Western Australia and leaves behind an inscription on a pewter plate.

• Ships from Macassar (on the island of Sulawesi) are believed to have traded with Aboriginal Australians thousands of years ago. Chinese and Portuguese maritime explorers may have visited Australia between the 13th and 15th centuries. Luis Vaez de Torres, from Spain, discovered and named Torres Strait in 1606. Dutch maritime explorers, Willem Janszoon, Dirk Hartog, Abel Tasman and Willem de Vlamingh helped to map the coasts of Australia.

• French maritime explorers included Louis de Bougainville, Jean-François de Galaup Comte de La Perouse, Nicholas Baudin and Louis de Freycinet, and visited Australia between 1767 and 1820.

• British explorers who visited Australia included William Dampier (1688 and 1699), James Cook (1770–71), George Bass (1797) and Matthew Flinders (1798 and 1801–03).

1627

Pieter Nuyts maps the southern coast of Western Australia.

Page 19

• Read the information with the students and then the names of the countries.

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Gerrit Frederikszoon de Witt, on board Vianen, discovers part of the western coast of Australia, calling it de Witt’s Land.

1629

Batavia, under the command of François Pelsart, is wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos.

1688

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Willem de Vlamingh explores Rottnest Island and the Swan River.

1767–1768

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• Read the information with the students and follow the instructions for completing the worksheet.

• If required, make up a rhyming phrase to help students remember the maritime explorer; for example: ‘Take a look at Captain James Cook!’

Page 21

• The students will need coloured pencils, glue and scissors to colour and cut out the triangles and squares to use as sails for Endeavour for this activity.

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Louis Antoine de Bougainville is stopped 100 km from the coast of New Holland by the Great Barrier Reef.

1769-70

• Discuss the different types of clothes each sailor is wearing and compare them to the clothes which students wear today.

• Note: For the purposes of this section of Australian history, it is sufficient for students to be able to recognise the portrait of James Cook. If they can remember the year as well, it is a bonus!

William Dampier, in Cygnet, is beached on the north-west coast of Australia.

1696

• Locate the Netherlands, France and Britain on a map of the world and show the distance from Australia. Show pictures of the Dutch, French and British flags.

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James Cook, in Endeavour, circumnavigates New Zealand and sights Botany Bay.

• Read the information with the students and complete the worksheet as directed.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 100.

Further exploration

• View pictures of Willem Janszoon and his ship, Duyfken.

1773

Tobias Furneaux, in Adventure charts the south and east coast of Tasmania.

• Read the story of Dirk Hartog and the pewter dinner plate which he left in Western Australia at Cape Inspiration.

• View pictures of Matthew Flinders and George Bass and their boat, Tom Thumb.

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Visiting sailors

M a r it i m e

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Not many other people knew about Australia at the time when only the Aboriginal Australians lived here.

Sailors from many different countries visited Australia to find out about it. They came from the Netherlands, France and Britain.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok 2. Leave some parts white. u S N etherlands France Britain

the sailors using red and blue coloured pencils.

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Primary Australian history

19

Captain James Cook

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Captain James Cook came from Britain to find out about ‘a great south land’. He visited Australia in the year 1770.

1. Colour the picture of James Cook.

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2. Trace over his name and the year.

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M a r it i m e

Endeavour

explo

r ati

on

Captain James Cook sailed to Australia in a ship called Endeavour.

1. Colour

and paste shapes for sails on Endeavour.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

2. Cut

the ship.

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Primary Australian history

21

The first white settlers Early settlement

1787

Time line

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads and comprehends information about the first white settlers who came to live in Australia in 1788—the First Fleet.

Worksheet information

1788

• The First Fleet consisted of 11 ships and about 800 British convicts. They landed at Botany Bay in New South Wales on 18 January 1788 but this location was found to be unsuitable so the convict colony was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January. As well as convicts, there were crew members, officials, marines and their families. The First Fleet was under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. A public holiday is celebrated on 26 January each year to celebrate Australia Day.

18 January: The First Fleet reaches Botany Bay.

Teac he r

26 January: Jean-François Galaup Comte de La Pérouse arrives in Botany Bay eight days after the First Fleet.

26 January: The First Fleet arrives at Port Jackson.

7 February: Captain Arthur Phillip is appointed Governor General of New South Wales.

1789 – 1799

The French Revolution occurs.

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13 May: The First Fleet leaves Britain.

• Australia derived its name from the term Terra Australis, the ‘Great South Land’.

• Settler: someone who settles (goes to live) in a new country.

Page 23

• Read the information with the students. Explain what a ‘settler’ is. Discuss what forms of transport are used today to travel long distances and the time each takes. Students should be encouraged to relate personal experiences of travelling long distances.

• View the pictures of various forms of transport and decide which one the first European settlers would have travelled on.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• • Cross and colour appropriately as directed.

Page 24

• Read the information with the students and follow the instructions for completing the worksheet.

• Discuss the world map and identify any known country shapes. Compare the amount of land area to sea area. Identify Britain and Australia.

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• Students should begin tracing the journey from Britain and colour the worksheet appropriately.

Page 25

• Students will need scissors, glue and coloured pencils or crayons to complete the worksheet.

• Read the information with the students and discuss Australia Day celebrations which students may have been involved in. Students complete the worksheet as directed. Display with twisted yellow and green crepe or small Australian flags.

o c . che e r o t r s super • Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 100.

Further exploration

• View pictures of Captain Arthur Phillip.

• Discuss how the Aboriginal Australians may have felt when white people arrived to settle in Sydney Cove.

• Write a list of things to take on a very long trip.

22

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The first white settlers – 1

Ear ly s

ettle

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In 1788,the first white people to live in Australia came in big sailing boats from Britain.

The boats travelled very slowly and took over six months to reach Australia.

This was the only way people could travel such a long way at the time.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u the correct form of transport which was used.

S

1. Put a cross on the forms of transport which could not be used to bring the first white settlers to Australia.

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Teac he r

2. Colour

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Primary Australian history

23

Teac he 1. Trace the line to show the trip from Britain to Australia. r 2. Colour the land green and the sea blue.

The first white people to live in Australia came from Britain.

The first white settlers – 2

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Primary Australian history

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Britain England

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Australia

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

www.ricpublications.com.au

Ear ly s ettle

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The first white settlers – 3

Ear ly s

ettle

me

nt

Australians celebrate Australia Day on 26 January every year. We remember the day the first white settlers came to live in Australia.

1. Cut and paste the words on a separate sheet of paper to make the sentence:

Teac he r

Australia Day.

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s B r e Australians celebrate Australia Day on 26 o January. p ok u 2. Draw a picture Snext to the sentence to show how you celebrate

January.

Day on Australia 26 . te o c . che e r o t r s super celebrate Australians

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Primary Australian history

25

Convicts

Early settlement

Time line

1788

The First Fleet arrives.

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads and comprehends information about convicts in Australia during the late 18th century.

Worksheet information

1790

• A convict was a person transported to one of the British colonies to serve out his/her sentence.

The Second Fleet arrives.

The Third Fleet arrives.

1798–1799

George Bass and Matthew Flinders circumnavigate Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania).

1800–1803

Nicholas Baudin, in Géographe, and Jacques Hamelin, in Naturaliste, chart part of the Australian coastline.

1801–1803

Matthew Flinders completes the first circumnavigation of the continent.

1803

Page 27

• Read each sentence with the students, emphasising the beginning sounds of the missing words. Discuss the words which may fit and find them in the word list. Students should cross out each word after it is used in each sentence.

• Read all of the completed sentences again when the missing words are included and discuss the information.

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First settlement in Van Diemen’s Land is established at Risdon Cove.

1823–1824

• Prisons in Britain were overcrowded and Britain could no longer send convicts to America after the War of American Independence (1775–1783). Many people were out of work, poor and hungry so petty crime was very common. Transportation was seen as a more humane form of punishment than hanging. Captain James Cook had explored and mapped some areas of Australia and it was thought that this might be a good place for a new penal colony.

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Teac he r

1791

Penal colony is established at Moreton Bay (Brisbane), Queensland.

Page 28

• Read the information with the students. Discuss why people need to wear a uniform and the colours of different uniforms. Name and list people who wear a uniform on the board for students to copy if necessary. Follow the instructions for completing the worksheet.

Page 29

Settlement is established at King George Sound (Albany), Western Australia.

• Before commencing the worksheet, select specific students to tell what they have for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

1833

• Read the name of each meal and what food and drink was eaten. Compare to students’ own meals. Students draw pictures illustrating each meal.

Penal colony is established at Port Arthur, Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania).

1840

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• Students will require coloured pencils to complete the worksheet.

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1826

• If desired, collect the food/materials for each meal and display with a label of the meal for students to use for direct sketching for their worksheet.

Convict transportation to New South Wales ends.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 101.

1844–1849

Further exploration

o c . che e r o t r s super

‘Free’ convicts arrive in Portland Bay, Melbourne, and are able to work for pay.

• View The little convict, also called Toby and the koala bear, an animated movie starring Rolf Harris and directed by Yoram Gross which tells the life of a convict boy.

late 1840s

• Find and view pictures of convict homes or lodgings for students to write simple sentences about.

Most convicts to arrive in Van Diemen’s Land are ‘exiles’—free to work for pay.

1853

• Read stories together about other aspects of convict life such as punishments, gaining freedom and convict jobs.

Hobart and Launceston celebrate 50 years of European settlement with the official end of transportation of convicts although small numbers are still being sent to Western Australia.

1868 The last convict ship arrives in Western Australia.

26

Primary Australian history

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Ear ly s

What is a convict?

ettle

me

nt

Copy the correct words from the box below to complete the sentences.

hungry

food

years

r o e t s women Bo leg irons r e p ok u S (a) A long time ago, many people in England were very poor and h

.

(b) Sometimes they had to steal

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Teac he r

convicts

tot live. © R. I .

C.Publ i ca i ons f or r evthey i ew psent ur posesonl y• (c) If they• were caught, were f

.

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(d) These people were called c

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to Australia to work for many

o c (e) There were men, . che e r o t r w s and children super convicts. (f) Many convicts had to wear l

to stop them from

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27

Convict clothes

Ear ly s

ettle

me

nt

At first, convicts wore ordinary clothing. Then they had to wear a uniform to show that they were convicts.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Draw a line to match each 2. Draw and write the name of label to the part of the clothing. another person who wears a uniform.

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trousers

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Primary Australian history

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Convict food

Ear ly s

ettle

me

nt

Read and draw pictures to match.

Breakfast

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S one bowl of watery

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Teac he r

one bread roll

porridge Lunch

dried, salted meat

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Dinner

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one bread roll

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C.Publ i cat i ons one large bread roll •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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cup of tea

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29

The first settlements Early settlement Indicator • Reads and understands information about life in the first settlements.

13 May 1787

Worksheet information

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line

The First Fleet leaves England.

• European settlements in Australia began with convicts being guarded by second-rate soldiers. Few of the settlers had farming or trade experience and their poor knowledge of Australia’s seasonal patterns made farming difficult. Food was a problem and life was difficult in the early days of European settlements.

Page 31

18–20 January 1788 26 January 1788

• The majority of the first settlers were convicts. Many of them were forced to work according to their skills—as brick makers, carpenters, servants, farmers etc. Other settlers included soldiers, sailors and government officials.

The First Fleet arrives at Port Jackson.

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Teac he r

The First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay.

All ships, except the naval vessels Sirius and Supply, leave and the settlement is isolated.

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with them. After reading the text the students, complete the worksheet by cutting the words from the bottom of the page and gluing them onto the space provided next to the matching picture. Students then colour the worksheet.

2 October 1788

Page 32

Sirius is despatched to Cape Town to purchase provisions. Rations are cut back.

• Food was initially in short supply for the settlers and they were forced to hunt and forage.

The colonies were mostly reliant on supply ships providing food and materials until farms were established.

July 1788

2 May 1789

19 February 1790

• Students will each need a blue, yellow and green coloured pencil or crayon for this worksheet.

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Sirius is wrecked off Norfolk Island and the colony is left with just one ship.

April 1790

Supply returns. The food situation becomes desperate.

Page 33 • Read the text with the students. Discuss what it might have been like living in the homes of the early settlers—How does this compare to how we live today?

17 April 1790 Supply sets sail for Batavia.

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3 June 1790

Lady Juliana, the first of the ships in the Second Fleet, with 225 female convicts, arrives.

20 June 1790

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• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with them. After reading the text, read the instructions with the children clearly. Students complete the worksheet by colouring the foods that the first settlers would have eaten yellow, the foods they eat blue, and the food they eat in common with the settlers green.

• Students look at the pictures and decide which type of housing was built first, second and third. They write 1, 2 or 3 in the box under the picture to signify the chronological sequence. Students complete the worksheet by drawing their own house and writing one to two sentences describing how their house is similar to or different those in the first settlements.

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Sirius returns.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 101.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Justinian arrives, loaded entirely with provisions for the colony.

Answers

Page 31–32

Teacher check Page 33

1. Order of housing–tent, log house, brick house 2. Teacher check

Further exploration • Design and construct a tent out of canvas or sheets in the classroom. Children can spend time in the tent and imagine what it might have been like living in an early settlement with few facilities.

• Investigate other aspects of early settler life such as clothing and music. Play some folk songs to the students and learn some traditional Australian folk dances to perform for parents.

• Cook some simple soup without herbs or spices. Discuss how it tastes and compare it to the varied and rich-tasting foods we eat today.

30

Primary Australian history

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Ear ly s

The first settlements – 1

ettle

me

nt

When the first settlers came to Australia there were no houses or roads. The convicts worked hard to build them.

Soldiers guarded the other settlers from the convicts.

r o e t s Bo r e pmatching picture. ok them to the u S out the words.

1. Cut

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

2. Glue

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soldiers www.ricpublications.com.au

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house

convict Primary Australian history

31

Ear ly s

The first settlements – 2

ettle

me

nt

There were no shops or farms when the first settlers came.

The settlers cooked simple food like bread and soup.

They also ate wild fruits, berries, animals and fish.

r o e t s Bo r e the foods you eat BLUE. p ok u theS foods that both you and the settlers eat GREEN. the foods that the settlers ate YELLOW.

1. Colour 2. Colour

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Teac he r

3. Colour

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Primary Australian history

bread

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The first settlements – 3

Ear ly s

ettle

me

nt

At first, the settlers lived in tents.

Then, they built houses from stick and wood.

Later, they built them from stone.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Number the homes in order from first built to third built.

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2. Draw your house. Write how it is different from the settlers’ homes.

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33

Bushrangers Early settlement

Time line

1788

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads and understands information about bushrangers in early settlements.

Worksheet information

Arrival of the First Fleet.

1818 The bushranger Michael Howe is killed

John ‘Bold Jack’ Donohoe and his gang rob carts on the Sydney to Windsor road. He and his gang are caught and his gang members are hanged. Donohoe escapes and begins terrorising the countryside.

1837

The worst drought since settlement begins—many rivers dry up.

1851

The gold rush begins near Bathurst in New South Wales.

1855

Ned Kelly is born.

1859

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Teac he r

1827

• The first bushrangers were mostly escaped convicts, called ‘bolters’. These men ran to defy authority and escape the harsh conditions and treatment that they received as convicts. Many escapees had little chance of surviving in the bush and few lived long in freedom. Some died of starvation, sickness or exposure, or were killed by the police and free settlers. Those who were captured alive were hanged or flogged and those who survived often died in prison or exile.

Page 35

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with them. Discuss the new information and answer any questions.

• Students select one new item of information they have learned from the text. They write this new information on the lines provided and then illustrate their ‘Did you know?’ cards.

• Once the cards have been cut out and collected, they can be used to make a class book or a display in the classroom.

Page 36

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• Copy one worksheet for each student and read the text with them. Discuss the use of masks and metal helmets by bushrangers.

Three bushrangers (George Chamberlain, William Armstrong and George Penny) ambush travellers near Omeo, seriously wounding a trooper and a gold buyer.

• Students use coloured pencils to highlight the words from the word list in the search.

• Students then choose one word from the word list, writing it on the line provided and drawing a picture of it in the box provided.

Page 37

Bushranger Ben Hall dies in a hail of bullets.

• Give each student a copy of the text and read it together. Discuss how, just as today’s police try to catch criminals, in the early settlements soldiers wanted to capture escaped convicts and bushrangers. Discuss how ‘Wanted’ posters were placed around the settlements to identify and describe the appearance and misdeeds of the bushrangers to aid in their capture. Describe the appearance of one or two students with the class as practice for the worksheet.

1868 1869

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The last convicts are transported to Australia.

Ned Kelly (14 years old) is arrested for assaulting a Chinese pig farmer named Ah Fook.

1871

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1865

• Students first write their name in the ‘Wanted’ poster. They then draw a picture of themselves and write a brief description of their appearance in the space provided.

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Ned Kelly (16 years) is sentenced to three years jail.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 102.

1878

Further exploration

The Kelly Gang raids the bank at Euroa.

28 June 1880

Ned Kelly is shot and captured. The other Kelly Gang members die in the gun fight.

11 November 1880 Ned Kelly is hanged.

34

Primary Australian history

• There are many famous bushrangers. Find texts to read the students about the lives of specific bushrangers such as Ned Kelly, ‘Captain Moonlite’ (Andrew George Scott), and ‘Moondyne Joe’ (Joseph Bolitho Johns). Students can write about themselves as bushrangers, giving themselves nicknames such as those mentioned above.

• Link your discussions about bushrangers to the criminals of today. Discuss why people might be wanted by police and why they might have committed their crimes.

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Bushrangers – 1

Ear ly s

ettle

me

nt

The first bushrangers were convicts who ran away.

They went into the bush.

They were often very poor and hungry.

They stole food and money from other settlers.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok 1. Write one thing you have learned about bushrangers. u S 2. Draw a picture and colour it in.

3. Write your name on it.

4. Cut it out.

Bushrangers: Did you know ... ?

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Teac he r

The soldiers tried to catch them or shoot them.

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35

Ear ly s

Bushrangers – 2

ettle

me

nt

Many bushrangers had guns.

They wore normal clothes but used handkerchief masks to hide their faces.

r o e t s Bo r e p o u s S h r a n gk e

Some wore metal helmets to be safe in gun fights.

l j

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i

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i

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Teac he r

b

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• • soldier

• hide

• guns

• mask

• face

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• bushranger

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1. Find these words in the word search.

. tfrom the 2. Write one worde o c . word list and then draw c e her r a picture of it. o t s super

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Ear ly s

Bushrangers – 3

ettle

me

nt

The soldiers wanted to catch the bushrangers.

They put up posters of the bushrangers called ‘Wanted’ posters.

The posters told people what the bushrangers looked like and what they did wrong.

Teac he r

2. Write what you look like.

WANTED

Name:

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r o e t s B r e oo People got money for helping the soldiers catch bushrangers. p u k 1. Draw yourself Sin the ‘Wanted’ poster.

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Description:

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37

What are explorers?

Discoveries

Time line 1813

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • Reads and comprehends information about explorers.

Gregory Blaxland, William Wentworth and William Lawson cross the Blue Mountains.

1817 1818

Page 39

John Oxley charts the Macquarie River.

• Read the definition of an explorer with the students and discuss.

1828

• Discuss other things explorers might like to find such as gold, other precious stones, minerals and ores.

Charles Sturt charts the Darling River.

1839–1841

Edward John Eyre and his Aboriginal friend, Whylie, are the first to cross southern Australia from east to west.

1844

Ludwig Leichardt explores the area between Brisbane and Port Essington, Darwin.

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John McDouall Stuart reaches the centre of Australia.

1861

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Robert Burke and William Wills are the first men to cross Australia from south to north. Both die in the attempt.

1870

Page 40

• Read the information at the top of the worksheet with the students.

Edmund Kennedy and his Aboriginal companion, Jackey Jackey, explore areas of Queensland but Burke is killed during an expedition to Cape York.

1860

• Discuss how difficult the explorer’s job is because, when he goes to find out about a place, he or she does not know how long it will take to get there and back, what he/she will find there, how much food and water to take, if he/she can find food and water along the way, what the weather will be like, where he/she will sleep and rest along the way, or if the people in the unknown place will be friendly or not.

• Discuss the types of clothes students wear when they are walking, running, playing or exercising. Discuss the clothes that the explorer is wearing and how the different articles help him; for example, a wide-brimmed hat will help to keep off rain and sun. Discuss each piece of equipment and what it is used for.

• Read the words with the students and assist where necessary to locate the matching parts of equipment or clothing.

Page 41

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1847–1848

• This section is a prelude to learning in later years about people such as George Bass and Matthew Flinders, John McDouall Stuart, Edward Eyre, Ludwig Leichhardt, Robert Burke, William Wills, Edmund Kennedy, John Forrest, Gregory Blaxland, William Wentworth, William Lawson and Edward Hargraves, all of whom explored and discovered important aspects about Australia.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

John Oxley charts the Lachlan River.

Worksheet information

• View and discuss the picture map of Australia and what each diagram represents; for example: mountain range, rivers, lakes, forest, snakes, crocodile, settlements, waterfall and diamonds or gold.

John Forrest is the first to cross Australia from west to the east, travelling overland from Perth to Adelaide.

• Students select three different colours of pencils to draw three different routes to ‘the unknown place’. Students may take a long or short route.

1874

• Students select one route and write the names (or draw pictures) of things they may have encountered along the way.

. te

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Forrest travels from Geraldton across the centre of Australia to the Overland Telegraph Line and from there to Adelaide.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 102.

Further exploration

• View pictures of George Bass, Matthew Flinders, John McDouall Stuart or Edward Eyre to familiarise students with ‘real’ explorers.

• Look at other simple (more real) picture maps of Australia to decipher the features shown.

• Students draw a simple picture map showing how they travel from school to home.

• Invite an experienced bushwalker to the classroom to show the equipment they use.

38

Primary Australian history

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Dis c o veri e

What are explorers? – 1

s

An explorer is a person who goes to find out about unknown places.

Explorers go to find out about the land, plants and animals, rivers and lakes and other people.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u 1. Write wordsS to complete the sentences. (a) Explorers must be very

(b) I like to explore

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Explorers have a hard job to do because the place they go to and the way to get there is strange to them.

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C.Publ i cat i ons 2. Follow the maze to help the explorer find water to drink.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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39

Dis c o veri e

What are explorers? – 2

s

Explorers had to wear comfortable clothes and use special equipment.

Draw a line from the words to the part of the clothing or equipment.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

horse

water

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C.Publ i cat i ons rifle •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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neck scarf

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trousers

tent

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Teac he r

hat

coat

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rope

boots

walking stick carry bag

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Dis c o veri e

What are explorers? – 3

s

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S The unknown place

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Teac he r

1. Use three different coloured pencils to draw three different ways to the ‘unknown place’.

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2. Write the names or draw pictures of three things you saw on one of your ways to the ‘unknown place’.

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41

Gold Discoveries

1814

Time line

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads and comprehends simple information about early gold discoveries in Australia.

Convicts building a road to Bathurst discover gold but are flogged and threatened to keep silent about it.

1823

Teac he r

1825

A convict is flogged for stealing gold which he claims he found in the bush.

• Many gold discoveries were made in Australia in the early to mid 1800s, but many were ‘hushed up’ in order to protect the fledgling pastoral industry as the government thought that workers might desert to go to the goldfields.

• In 1851, Edward Hargrave’s gold discovery, near Bathurst, New South Wales, started the first gold rush in Australia. Discoveries were made in Victoria in 1851, Queensland in 1858, Tasmania and Western Australia in 1886. People from all over the world, including China, came to join in the gold rush.

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Assistant surveyor, James McBrien discovers gold in the sands of the Fish River, near Bathurst, in New South Wales.

Worksheet information

• The word ‘digger’ is believed to have originated during the gold rush era.

1839

Page 43

Count Strzelecki discovers gold associated with pyrites at the Vale of Clwydd, Blue Mountains, New South Wales.

• Read the sentences and the words at the bottom of the page.

1844

• Students complete the remainder of the worksheet as directed.

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A quartz reef with yellow metal in is reported to have been seen by Alexander Tolmein near Melbourne.

1848

• Mount completed worksheets on a sheet of art paper painted yellow and sprinkled with glitter to represent gold.

Page 44

The California gold rush begins.

Gold is found in the Pyrenees Mountains in Victoria.

1849

• Discuss the words which would best suit each sentence and ask students to cut and paste the words after each sentence is read or at the completion of all four sentences.

• Read the instructions and the first sentence with the students. Discuss which word would be appropriate and suggest ‘prospectors’ if the answer is not forthcoming. Write the word on the board for the students to copy onto the line in the sentence.

• Read the next section and explain the instructions.

William Clarke Jr and William Vicary find quartz with gold in it at Smythesdale, Victoria.

• Students complete the remainder of the worksheet as directed.

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1851

Edward Hargraves discovers gold near Bathurst, New South Wales, and starts Australia’s first official gold rush.

1854

The Eureka Stockade occurs.

1867

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Gold is discovered at Gympie, Queensland.

1883

Silver is discovered at Broken Hill.

1891 A severe depression hits Australia.

1893

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Gold is discovered at Daisy Hill, Victoria.

• Read the information together and discuss. Suggest ways to get the things that you want such as saving money, working a long time for a wage etc.

• Read the instructions and the sentence in the box. Discuss some ideas and then allow students to write his/her own sentence and picture.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 103.

o c . che e r o t r s super Further exploration

• View pictures of Edward Hargrave, who started the first gold rush in Australia.

• Find and cut out pictures of gold and silver jewellery from catalogues and sort into groups.

• Find and view pictures of Chinese gold prospectors from the gold rush era, as well as migrants from other countries.

Gold is discovered at Kalgoorlie.

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Dis c o veri e

Gold – 1

2. Draw something made from gold.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Colour the gold nugget.

s

.

(a) Gold is a very precious

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(b) It is found as rivers.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 3. Cut and paste the words to complete the sentences.

or grains in rocks, caves or

o c . che e r o t r s super (c) It is a soft, shiny, metal.

(d) It is often used to make coins and

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metal

.

nuggets Primary Australian history

43

Dis c o veri e

Gold – 2

s

1. Write a word to complete the sentence.

People who looked for gold were called

.

r o e t s Bo r e (a) digging with picksp and shovels or ok u (b) panning withS a tin dish in the river.

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Teac he r

They found gold by:

2. Write (a) or (b) next to the correct picture.

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3. Colour the pictures.

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Dis c o veri e

Gold – 3

s

Gold could be sold to make lots of money.

People wanted to find gold to become rich quickly.

It was very hard work to find gold.

r o e t s Bo r e Complete the sentence p and draw a picture to match. ok u Sby finding gold, I would ...

If I became rich

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Teac he r

Not many people became rich by finding gold.

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45

Early transport Progress

January 1788

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line

• Understands that transport in the early settlements was different from that of today.

Worksheet information

The First Fleet, containing a stallion, four mares, a colt and a filly, lands at Port Jackson.

1800

Teac he r

1 October 1814

First public conveyance operates between Sydney and Parramatta by William Highland.

1829

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Bullock wagons and horsedrawn carts are common sights on the streets of Sydney.

• Australia was dependent on non-mechanical power for land transport for nearly the first 100 years of European settlement. Bullocks were mostly used for heavy work. As tracks developed into roads, horses began to be used for transport, particularly in and around the main settlements. Coach services began, usually with a carriage carrying up to nine people drawn by four horses. The first coaches were built in England but, by the 1830s, coaches were being built in Sydney. From the 1850s onwards, an American man named Freeman Cobb, and his three associates, operated Cobb and Co. which became the main transport company in the settlements and a famous name in transport history.

Page 47

1830s

• Enlarge a copy of the letter on the page and display it clearly in front of the students. Read the letter through with the students, then discuss any new vocabulary or concepts. Read the text again and encourage those that can read to join in or read parts of the text.

Coaches start being built in Sydney.

Page 48

1850s

• Different animals were used for different purposes. Bullocks and horses came out with the first ships for transport and work purposes, and, later, thousands of camels were imported into Australia to open up the arid areas of central and western Australia. They were also used to supply goods to remote mines and settlements.

Charles Sturt uses bullocks in his explorations.

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1853

Cobb, in partnership with three other Americans– John Murray Peck, James Swanton and John B Lamber—begin to operate a transport service from Sandridge (Port Melbourne) to Melbourne.

1854 Cobb and Co. begin a service from Melbourne to Bendigo and Castlemaine, and Geelong to Ballarat.

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1854

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The first large influx of camels arrives in Australia.

1870-1872

Page 49 • Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text together.

• Students complete the worksheet by drawing a picture of the transport we use today.

Students can draw one of two different forms of modern transport.

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Camels carry the poles, wire, and other goods and equipment needed to build the Overland Telegraph Line between Adelaide and Darwin.

1924

• Students complete the worksheet by cutting the pictures from the bottom of the page and gluing them into the cart of the appropriate animal. The students may need to refer back to the letter on page 47 to refresh their memories as to which items the different animals transported.

• Ask the students to suggest the different kinds of transport that we have now, including bikes, cars, trains, planes, rollerblades, scooters, and motorbikes.

First railway service is opened.

1860s

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text.

m . u

The first importation of the Concord Coach from North America.

Last Cobb and Co. service, from Surat to Yeulba, is closed down.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 103.

Further exploration

• Much of our knowledge of the events in the past comes from letters written in that time.

Investigate letters as a source of historical information. Are they always true? Would two people write a similar or different account of the same event? Students can write a letter about the advent of coach transport from the point of view: of a gold digger who can now access the goldfields; a convict who has to make the new roads; or a free settler who can now go places previously inaccessible. Share these letters with the class and discuss how accounts of the same event by different people may vary.

• Visit <http://www.nma.gov.au/kidz/learn_and_play/cobb_and_co/> for a fun, interactive look at coaches for 5-7 year olds.

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Early transport – 1

res s

4 March 1853

Dear Aunt Mary I hope you are well. I miss seeing you and living in England!

r o e t s Bo r e p We have the horses okand bullocks u S that came on the ships to help us go

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Teac he r

It is hard living here in Melbourne. It is very hot and dry. It is hard to go anywhere because there aren’t many roads yet.

to places. The bullocks are strong and are good for pulling logs and stones to make houses and roads.

We ride the horses and use them to pull carts and to work on the farm.

They also bring us the letters from © R. I .

C.P ub l i c at i on s to have two you!

We are very lucky here on our •f orr evi ew horses pur p os es ofarm. nl y•

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I have heard that some people have brought camels from India to Australia! They are using them to go where there are no roads at all, into the bush and mountains.

. te o c Tomorrow, I am going into town. There is a new coach.

It is just . c e a carriage that her r like the ones in England, with four horseso pulling t s er p nine or so people can rides inu at once.

I’m going to take a ride in the coach. I hear it is very bumpy! The coach service is called ‘Cobb and Co.’. They have a lot of coaches and are helping many people travel to the gold mines and across the land.

Yours fondly Margaret www.ricpublications.com.au

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47

Progr ess

Early transport – 2

When settlers first arrived in Australia, animals like horses and bullocks were the main forms of transport. They pulled carts and carried people and heavy things.

1. Colour page.

and cut out

the pictures at the bottom of the

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Teac he r

r o e t s r e each item. Boo 2. Decide which animalp carried u k S them into the cart of the animal you 3. Glue think would have carried each of them.

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Progr ess

Early transport – 3 Transport in the early settlements was very different from now.

1. Colour the picture of the coach and horses.

r o e t s Bo r e p Transport – then ok u S

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Teac he r

2. Draw a picture of one type of transport we use today.

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Transport – now

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49

Towards Federation A new nation

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads and comprehends information about the states and territories of Australia.

Worksheet information

New South Wales includes ‘all the islands adjacent in the Pacific Ocean’ and running westward to the 135th meridian. This includes New Zealand.

New South Wales’s western border is extended to 129° E. Van Diemen’s Land is proclaimed.

1829

The whole of Australia is declared a British territory.

Swan River Colony is declared.

1836

South Australia is proclaimed, with its western border at 132° E. 1840

• ‘Federation — 1. the act of federating, or uniting in a league. ; 2. the formation of a political unity, with a central government, out of a number of separate states, etc., each of which retains control of its own internal affairs.’ (The Macquarie dictionary, 3rd ed.)

• The activities in this section are intended to develop student awareness of the different states and territories of Australia. It is not intended to provide information about Federation or the ways and times the states and territories joined together as this concept is too difficult to comprehend for this age group. Federation will be dealt with more fully in later books in this series.

Page 51

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New Zealand is proclaimed and is no longer under the control of New South Wales.

1846

The colony of North Australia is proclaimed. This includes all of New South Wales north of 26° S. (This is revoked later in 1846.)

1851 Victoria separates from New South Wales and is proclaimed a state.

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1856

• Each colony was independent of the others. Each had its own governing body, custom houses, railway gauges and military but all still remained part of the British Empire, which controlled foreign affairs, defence and international shipping.

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Teac he r

1825

• After the gold rush era, life was very prosperous in the colonies of Australia but, by the 1890s, there was a time of economic depression.

Van Diemen’s Land name changes to Tasmania.

• View and discuss the map of Australia. Explain what a map is and the areas of land and sea. Read and have the students point to each state and territory on the map. Students complete the worksheet as directed. Note: Be sure to include the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) as one of the states and territories.

Page 52

• Enlarge the worksheet to A3 size and photocopy. Read each page with the students and allow them to cut and fold the book into shape as directed. Students colour the maps of each state and territory. Read the book together when completed.

Page 53

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1788

Indicator

Time line

• Read the names of each state and territory with the students and ask students to identify his/her own state or territory.

Queensland is proclaimed, with its western border at 141° E.

• Enlarge the worksheet to A3 size, if desired, before cutting and gluing together on a separate sheet of paper. Students may refer to the completed map of Australia. When dry, the students may colour the land and sea sections in appropriate colours or each state and territory a different colour.

1861

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 104.

1859

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South Australia’s border is changed from 132° E to 129° E. 1862

Queensland’s western border is moved to 139° E. 1863

Northern Territory comes under the control of South Australia.

Answers Page 51

1. Teacher check 2. 8

3.–4. Teacher check Pages 52–53

1901

Teacher check

Federation occurs.

Further exploration • View pictures of Henry Parkes, who was called ‘The father of Federation’ and whose image appears on the Centenary of Federation commemoration Australian $5 note issued in 2001. Explain to the students that, a long time ago, he helped to join the states together.

• Play games or complete activities where students must cooperate (or unify) to achieve a goal.

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Towards Federation – 1

ati o n

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Write numbers to count each state and territory of Australia.

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o c . che e r o t r s su 2. Write a number to complete the sentence. r pe There are

states and territories of Australia.

3. Trace the shape of each state and territory.

4. Colour inside the shape of each state and territory with a different coloured pencil. www.ricpublications.com.au

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51

A ne w n

Towards Federation – 2

ati o n

6

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Primary Australian history

o c . che e r o t r s super This is Tasmania.

52

This is Western This is South Australia. Australia.

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This is Victoria.

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3

This is the Northern Territory.

Teac he r

2

This is Queensland.

8

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Australia

This is New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory

1

Colour, cut out and read the book about Australia. Only cut where there are dotted lines.

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A ne w n

Towards Federation – 3

ati o n

Cut and paste the states and territory together to make Australia. Cut along the dotted lines.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Australian Capital Territory

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Teac he r

New South Wales

Northern Territory

Western Australia

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Queensland

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Victoria

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Tasmania

South Australia

Primary Australian history

53

Symbols of Federation A new nation

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Reads and comprehends information about the Australian, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags.

International competition is announced to design an Australian flag.

Australian National Flag is flown for the first time.

King Edward VII approves the flag design with changes to the stars.

1908

Seventh point is added to the Commonwealth Star.

1911

Federal Capital Territory is proclaimed, and Northern Territory is transferred to the Commonwealth.

1938

Federal Capital Territory name is changed to the Australian Capital Territory.

1971

Aboriginal flag is first displayed at National Aborigines’ Day at Victoria Square in Adelaide.

1972

Aboriginal flag is flown at the Tent Embassy near Parliament House, Canberra.

1992

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Torres Strait Islander flag is designed by Bernard Namok in a local competition.

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The Aboriginal flag and Torres Strait Islander flag granted Flag of Australia status under the Flags Act 1953.

1996

• The Australian National Flag is Australia’s most important national symbol. Before Federation, the Australian colonies used the Union Jack flag and the British Red, White and Blue Ensigns of Great Britain. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies united to become the Commonwealth of Australia. In 1901, the Commonwealth Blue Ensign was selected in a public competition. Some minor changes were made and the flag was finally adopted in 1953. The Australian National Flag includes the Union Jack, the Commonwealth Star and the Southern Cross. The Commonwealth (or Federation) Star has seven points, which represents the unity of the six states and the territories of the Commonwealth of Australia.

The constellation of the Southern Cross can only be seen from the Southern Hemisphere.

• The Aboriginal flag was designed by Harold Thomas, an Aboriginal artist, in 1971. The black represents the Aboriginal people, the red represents the earth and their spiritual relationship to the land and the yellow represents the sun, giver of all life. It was first raised in Adelaide on National Aboriginal Day in 1971.

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Aboriginal elder and artist Harold Thomas, designs the Aboriginal Flag.

1995

• A symbol is something used to represent something else. It can be an emblem, token or sign. It is also something which expresses an idea, such as patriotism.

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Teac he r

1903

Worksheet information

• The Torres Strait Islander flag is believed to have been designed by Bernard Namok of Thursday Island and was finally adopted in 1995. It shows a white headdress (Dari) (a symbol of Torres Strait Islanders), a white five-pointed star representing the five major island groups and the reliance of these seafaring people on the stars for navigation. The green stripes represent the land, the black stripes represent the people and the blue represents the sea.

Page 55

• If possible, before completing the worksheet, view a ‘real’ Australian Flag and discuss what it is, where the students may have seen one and what colours are on it. Read and explain the instructions with the students and also each component of the flag and why it was included. Students complete the worksheet as directed.

Page 56

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1901

Time line

• Read the information at the top of the worksheet with the students, then the instructions.

Ensure that the students understand what to do before allowing them to complete the worksheet independently.

o c . che e r o t r s super

Australian National Flag Day is proclaimed to celebrate the first time the flag was flown in 1901.

Page 57

• Use a globe or map of the world to locate Torres Strait and the Torres Strait Islands.

Explain what a strait is (a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water) It is only necessary for the students to get an idea of the general location. Complete the worksheet as directed.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 104.

Further exploration • View other symbols of Australia such as Australia’s Coat of Arms.

• Learn and sing the Australian national anthem, ‘Advance Australia Fair’.

• View the flags of the states of Australia.

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Symbols of Federation — 1 The Australian National Flag

A ne w n

ati o n

r o e t s B r e the Commonwealtho p o u k Star S •

the Union Jack (The flag of Britain) •

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Teac he r

1. Draw a line to show where the parts are on the flag.

the Southern Cross

•

b

r R. © I .

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b

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r

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2. Use the key to colour the flag. b = blue

r = red

3. Leave the rest white. www.ricpublications.com.au

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55

A ne w n

Symbols of Federation – 2

ati o n

The Aboriginal flag

• Black is for the Aboriginal Australian people.

• Yellow is for the sun which helps everything to grow.

Teac he r

The Aboriginal flag has three (3) colours on it.

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • Red is for the red earth and the land which the Aboriginal Australian people care about so much.

1. Read the colour words on the flag.

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yellow

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2. Colour the flag correctly.

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Symbols of Federation – 3

ati o n

To r r e s S t r a i t I s l a n d e r f l a g The Torres Strait Islands are part of Australia.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

They have their own flag.

Torres Strait Islands

1. Put a cross on the Torres Strait Islands on the map.

Papua New Guinea

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Teac he r

Papu Papua NewGuinea Guinea New

2. Colour the flag correctly.

Australia

3. Colour, cut out and paste the headdress and star in place. blue

blue

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green black

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bl

ue

bl

ue

e

blu

bl

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blue

blue black

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green

Primary Australian history

57

Emblems A new nation

Indicator

Time line

1875

Tasmanian state flag is adopted.

1876 1904

South Australian state flag is adopted.

Worksheet information

• An emblem is an object, or a representation of it, symbolising a quality, state, group of persons etc. A national emblem represents a nation. Most national emblems are natural objects such as animals or birds, but may also be another object. National emblems can usually be seen on things such as the national flag, coat of arms or other patriotic materials.

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Teac he r

New South Wales state flag is adopted.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • Reads and comprehends information about emblems.

• This section of work forms the basis for learning about the floral and faunal state emblems and flags in later years.

1911

Australian Capital Territory is founded as a federal territory.

Page 59

1911

• Read the information with the students. Discuss emblems they may have seen. Read each instruction with the students and allow them to complete each section.

The Northern Territory is founded as a Federal territory.

Page 60

1912

• Read the sentence at the top of the page with the students. Discuss what the ‘made-up’ school emblem may mean. (Bluebell Primary School has happy children who like to learn about reading and numbers [or similar].) Locate versions of your own school’s emblem in the room or on library bags or books etc. Students use correct colours to copy and draw the school’s emblem. Question 2 requires students to draw made-up emblems for each club. Discuss what things may be drawn; for example, cricket bat and ball or model train etc. Students may like to compare emblems to find the one they like best.

Coat of Arms is granted by King George V. 1953

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Queensland state flag is adopted. circa 1953

Victorian state flag is adopted. circa 1953

Page 61

1993

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 105.

1978

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Australian Capital Territory flag is adopted.

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Answers Pages 59 - 61 Teacher check

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Northern Territory flag is adopted.

• Explain that special plants and animals tell others about Australia. List some and discuss where they can be seen on other emblems; for example, the kangaroo on the Boxing Kangaroo flag which is proudly displayed at many sporting events. Students complete the worksheet following the instructions.

Western Australian state flag is adopted.

o c . che e r o t r s super Further exploration

• View the Australian Coat of Arms and identify the kangaroo and emu.

• View pictures of your own state flag. Information about floral emblems of each state can be found at <http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/> and the Australian Coat of Arms and state Coat of Arms can be found at < http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/australian_national_ symbols.html>. Identify the plants and/or animals or other parts of the flag including the Union Jack.

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Emblems – 1

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on

An emblem is an object or picture of something which tells about a person, country or thing.

An emblem can be worn like a badge or placed on things such as flags, cars or clothes.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Put a cross on the emblem on the car.

1C2-RIC

2. Draw the emblem on your car, truck or bike.

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59

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Emblems – 2

n a ti o

n

Schools and sports and social clubs can have emblems.

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C.Publ i cat i ons Draw emblems tor tell about: •f or ev i ew pur posesonl y• a cricket club.

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Primary Australian history

a model train club.

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2.

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Teac he r

1. Copy and colour your own school’s emblem.

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Emblems – 3

n a ti o

n

Many plants and animals are used on Australian emblems.

1. Copy the correct name under each picture. kangaroo

gum tree

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

2. Colour the pictures. www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

61

World War I A new nation

Indicator

Time line

1914

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Understands Australian soldiers, called Anzacs, fought in World War I.

Worksheet information

28 July

Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia.

1 August

Serbia’s ally, Germany, mobilizes its armed forces and declares war on Russia.

3 August

Germany declares war on France.

4 August

Germany declares war on neutral Belgium and invades to get to France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany.

Teac he r

Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo.

1915

25 April

Anzacs begin a nine-month long battle for the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli.

Page 63

• Displaying a large world map or globe will help the students to grasp the concept of a ‘fight’ that spanned the globe. Locate Australia and your capital city on the map. Locate Britain on the map and recall how many of the settlers came from Britain. When Britain became involved in the war, Australians were keen to send help.

• Read the text with the students. Students complete the task by locating and colouring

Australia green, Europe yellow, and Britain red.

Page 64

• Australian and New Zealand troops training in Egypt were sent to fight in Gallipoli, Turkey.

It was a difficult location and battle, seen eventually as a failure. After eight months of fighting, the Anzacs were forced to withdraw. The ANZAC soldiers went on to fight in other battles in France and the Middle East.

© R. I .

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28 December Withdrawal of troops from Gallipoli

begins.

1917

• World War I, also known as the Great War or The First World War, was fought from 1914 to 1918. The fighting was between the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria, and the Allied Powers of Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy and the United States. Australia sent almost 417 000 troops to fight under the British flag.

ew i ev Pr

28 June

• Read the text with the students. Discuss the term ANZAC and if they have heard it before.

Discuss the soldiers’ equipment and clothing.

• Students complete the worksheet by cutting the words from the bottom of the page and gluing them next to the appropriate item.

1918

Page 65

11 November At 11 o’clock, the war ends as

Germany and Allies sign an Armistice.

• Many Australians during the war wanted to send food to the soldiers. This food had to remain edible for long periods. The solution was a nutritional biscuit that did not readily spoil. Eggs were not used in the recipe as they were scarce at the time. At first, the biscuits were called soldiers’ biscuits, but, after the landing on Gallipoli, they were called Anzac biscuits.

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December Russian government signs an armistice with Germany.

• Purchase the necessary ingredients and prepare utensils and equipment for this cooking activity. Students follow the steps to make Anzac biscuits, ticking the box as they complete each step. After making the biscuits, students complete the three questions at the bottom of the page.

o c . che e r o t r s super • Note: It may be best to use teacher support when making the biscuits.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 105

Answers

Pages 62-65

Further exploration

• Listen to some songs from the wartime era. Discuss the lyrics and music, and how they are different from the popular songs of today.

• Research some of the ‘heroes’ of Gallipoli, such as Private Simpson (and his donkey).

Discuss how the brave and friendly attitude of the Anzacs contributed to the Australian identity.

• Plan an excursion to a war memorial in your local area.

• Discuss the negative aspects of conflict and fighting. Identify appropriate ways to resolve conflict with the students.

62

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A ne w n

World War I

ati o n

Wars are big, dangerous fights between countries or groups of people. World War I was a very big war. People from many countries fought and died. Many soldiers from Australia went to help the British fight in Europe.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

r o e t s Bo r e pthe map.

1. Find Australiau on Colouro itk green.

S 2. Find Europe on the map.

Colour it yellow.

3. Find Britain on the map.

Colour it red.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Britain

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Europe

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Asia

o c . che e r o t r s super Africa Australia

Tasmania New Zealand www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

63

A ne w n

The Anzacs

ati o n

Soldiers from Australia and New Zealand were called ‘Anzacs’. Soldiers had a hat, gun, uniform and boots. Every year on Anzac Day we remember these soldiers.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

Cut out the words below and glue them in the right box.

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gun 64

Primary Australian history

m . u

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

uniform

hat

boots R.I.C. Publications®

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A ne w n

Make Anzac biscuits

ati o n

Ingredients: 1 cup of rolled oats 2 tablespoons of golden syrup 3 /4 cup of desiccated coconut 125 g of butter 1 cup of plain flour 1 tablespoon of water 1 1 cup of sugar /2 teasp. of bicarbonate of soda

Teac he r

coconut in a bowl.

together.

butter

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r o e t s Bo r e pyou have done each step. ok 1. Tick the boxes once u S 1. Mix oats, flour, sugar and 2. Melt syrup and

© R. I .

C.Pub4. Add l i cat i ons the wet ingredients •f orr evi ew pur ptoothe se so nl y•and dry ingredients

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5. Place tablespoonfuls of mixture on greased tray.

mix well.

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3. Mix soda with hot water and add to melted butter and syrup.

6. Bake for 20 minutes at 150º C. Eat when cool.

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2. Complete the questions.

I think the biscuits will taste

.

What will the biscuits look and feel like? www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

65

World War II A new nation

October

Fascist leader Benito Mussolini is appointed the Prime Minister of Italy.

• World War II began in 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, and ended in 1945 with the surrender of Germany and Japan. The allied nations, including Australia, Canada, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States, and New Zealand defeated the Axis countries of Germany, Italy and Japan. Over 60 million people died in this war.

1933

Worksheet information

Teac he r

Adolph Hitler is appointed the Chancellor of Germany.

1936

Hitler and Mussolini announced a Rome- Berlin alliance—the Axis.

1939

March

German troops invade Czechoslovakia.

1 September Germany invades Poland.

3 September Britain, France, Australia and New

Zealand declare war on Germany.

1940

January

Australian troops fight in Libya.

8 December The Allies – except the USSR—declare

war on Japan.

1942

3 March

Japanese air raid on Darwin kills 280 people.

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February

Japanese air raid on Broome, WA, kills 70 people.

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31 May

Three Japanese midget submarines attack Sydney Harbour.

1943 July

13 October

• Young children may find it difficult to grasp many concepts of a world war, such as why the countries were fighting. Discuss the reasons for starting the war, perhaps in simple terms such as some people wanting more land and money to be stronger than others.

• Students fill in the missing letter from the words found in the text. They then cut out the large word parts from the bottom of the page and match them with the correct beginning letter to make the word that matches the adjacent picture.

Page 68

• Advances in aircraft technology greatly altered the nature of warfare and the use of aircraft over both land and sea played a major role in World War II. Aeroplanes were used for bombing, transportation of personnel and supplies, anti-submarine patrols, photographic reconnaissance and support of operations.

© R. I .

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27 September Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the

Tripartite Pact, making Japan part of the

Axis.

1941

Page 67

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January

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Understands there was a Second World War in which Australians were involved.

• Enlarge to A3 a copy of page 68 for each student. Read the text with the students.

• Students complete the dot-to-dot aeroplane then colour it with crayon using the key on the page. Wash the page with blue edicole dye. Stick cotton balls on the paper as clouds when dry.

Page 69 • Review the information learned in this section (pages 67 and 68). Discuss sentence structure with the students, reminding them where capital letters and full stops are usually found. Students complete the worksheet by cutting the scrambled sentences from the bottom of the page and gluing them in order in the three empty boxes provided. They then draw their own war plane in the space provided.

m . u

1922

Time line

Indicator

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 106

Answers

o c . che e r o t r s super Pages 67–68

Mussolini’s fascist government is overthrown in Italy. The new Italian government begins peace talks.

Teacher check

Italy declares war on Germany.

a) Spitfires were fighter aeroplanes. b) Some aeroplanes had guns.

Page 69

c) Australians fought in the war.

1944 June 6

D-Day—the Allied invasion of German- occupied Western Europe begins on the beaches of Normandy, France.

1945 7 May

Germany surrenders unconditionally.

6 August

The USA drops the ‘Little Boy’ atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan.

14 August

Japan surrenders. World War II ends.

Further exploration

• Investigate types of transport, the way it is used and the way it has changed since the war period.

• Discuss some of the emotions behind fighting, such as greed. Investigate some of the negative feelings students might have such as anger, dislike and greed and how to manage such feelings in appropriate ways.

• Identify and locate current conflicts on a world map. Discuss Australian forces there and the reasons Australia is involved. Keep terms as simple as possible.

• Read Let the celebrations begin! by Margaret Wild. Discuss the characters, their life and how they might have felt.

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A ne w n

World War II – 1

ati o n

After World War I, some countries still wanted to be bigger and stronger. They started another big war. It was called World War II. Australian soldiers fought in World War II. 1. Write the missing letter.

r o e t (c) AB u s __ r a l i a n s r e oo p 2. (a) Cut out the word shapes. u k S (b) Glue them next to a triangle to make the word. (b) __ o r l d

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(a) f i g h __

s

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orld www.ricpublications.com.au

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R.I.C. Publications®

ar

oldier Primary Australian history

67

A ne w n

World War II – 2

ati o n

Lots of aeroplanes were used in World War II. Some had guns for fighting.

Other aeroplanes carried soldiers and supplies.

r o e t s B r e oo 1. Start at number 1. p u k the numbers to draw lines S 2. Follow between the dots.

The Spitfire was a famous type of fighter aeroplane.

Key g = grey

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Teac he r

b = blue

dg = dark green bl = black

3. Colour the picture in crayon using the key.

r = red

4. Paint over the picture with blue paint.

dg

20 19

18

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3

2

1

g

17

4

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6

g

bl

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g 15

5

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r b

10

7

dg

g

8

9

g

dg b 14

r

11 12

13 68

Primary Australian history

R.I.C. Publications®

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A ne w n

World War II – 3 1. Cut 2. Glue (a)

Teac he r

the words to make sentences. the words in the boxes.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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(b)

(c)

(b)

aeroplanes the

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Spitfires were © R. I .

C .Publ i caaeroplanes. t i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• fighter

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war.

3. Draw your own war aeroplane.

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guns.

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(a)

ati o n

fought

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Primary Australian history

69

We come from many places A new nation

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Understands people have come from many different countries to live in Australia.

Worksheet information

The rapid growth of the wool industry creates enormous demands for labour and sparks an increase in the migration of free people from Britain.

A large number of Irish immigrants come to Australia to escape famine in their homeland.

1851

The Australian gold rush begins with the discovery of gold fields at Ballarat. Large numbers of British and Irish settlers, followed by smaller numbers of Germans and other Europeans, as well as Chinese, arrive.

1901

The Commonwealth of Australia comes into being on 1 January.

Outbreak of World War I. 1929

1947

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The Australian Government relaxes the Immigration Restriction Act allowing non-Europeans to settle in Australia.

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Australia begins a scheme for immigration from Europe. More than 2 million people arrive over the next 30 years, mostly from Britain.

1973

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet. Read the text with the students. Students use a pencil to underline the highlighted words from the text.

• Students draw a picture of their faces in the box provided. Collect these and collate them in a book or on a poster to be used in conjunction with page 72.

Page 72

• Show the class book or poster from the activity on page 71. Discuss how, while the students all are Australian and have many things in common, they look different. Relate this to the fact that their parents, grandparents or great-grandparents came from different places.

• Students select a classmate, write their name and draw their picture in the table on their worksheet. They can write or draw three similarities and differences depending on ability.

They repeat this process with another class member.

• Students answer the question at the bottom of the page.

The Great Depression, following the Wall Street Crash, hits Australia hard.

1948

Page 71

© R. I .

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The new Federal Parliament, as one of its first pieces of legislation, passed the Immigration Restriction Act, restricting the immigration of non-Europeans.

1914

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

1840s

• According to the most recent census, Australians come from over 200 countries. Initially English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh people came on the first fleets. The gold rushes brought Chinese, Spanish, German, Austrian and American migrants. Subsequent wars bought refugees from Italy, Poland, India and Vietnam to name just a few countries. Australia has a rich multicultural heritage.

Page 73 • Students may not be aware of their cultural heritage. Before commencing this worksheet, ask the students’ parents to discuss their ancestry with their children. Ensure you have a world map on display.

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Indicator

Time line

• Copy the worksheet and read the text with the students. Discuss how, although Hiro’s family is Australian, his grandparents originally came from Japan.

• Students locate their family’s country/countries of origin on the map, using the world map as a reference. They colour them green.

• One at a time, students find three other class members with different ancestry. They write the name of the student in the table at the bottom of the page. They then colour the respective country and the appropriate table section in one colour, using a different colour for each different class member.

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Immigrants from Chile arrive following the overthrow of the Allende Government.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 106.

Further exploration

1975

Immigrants from Indochina arrive after the end of the Vietnam War.

• Present an assembly item that shares the different cultures in your class with the rest of the school through music, dance and stories.

1981

• Table the different cultures in your class in graph form.

Immigrants arrive from Poland after martial law is declared.

• Ask parents to speak to the students about their cultural heritage. Students can cook and eat foods from these different cultures.

• Explore art form like music and dance, from different cultures.

70

Primary Australian history

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We come from many places – 1

A ne w n

ati o n

Aboriginal Australians were the first people to live in Australia. to Australia from Europe. r o e t s B r e Since then, people oohave come p u k S from many places to live in Australia.

1. Draw a line under these words above.

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Teac he r

Then settlers came on ships

ships

first

Australians

places

since many

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons 2. Draw your face in the ‘I am Australian’ box.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• I am Australian

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3. Write your name and cut the box out.

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Primary Australian history

71

A ne w n

We come from many places – 2

ati o n

1. Write the name and draw the face of one classmate in the ‘Partner’ box.

2. Draw or write three (3) things that are the same about the both of you in the ‘Same’ box.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u Same Different S

3. Find three (3) things that are different and write them in the ‘Different’ box. Do this again with another partner.

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❶

Teac he r

Partner

❷

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4. Write what you have learned about the people in your class.

72

Primary Australian history

R.I.C. Publications®

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We come from many places – 3

A ne w n

ati o n

‘Hi! I’m Hiro. I’m Australian.

I‘ve got brown eyes and black hair.

My mum and dad are Australian, too.

r o e t s to live in Australia Bo from Japan.’ r e p ok u 1. Colour the country/countries where your family first came from S Teac he r

So are my grandparents! They came

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green.

2. Find three (3) people whose families come from different places.

3. Colour each person’s country/countries a different colour. Write each person’s name and colour in the table.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Colour

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Name

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Primary Australian history

73

Leaders

People and politics

January

Indicator

Edmund Barton becomes the first Prime Minister of Australia.

• Play a game of ‘follow the leader’. After the game, discuss what the leader did. Direct the discussion towards the leader making decisions about what the others did, that the class as a whole did what the leader suggested, and that the leader kept them safe in the game (hopefully!).

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

First federal elections held.

May

The opening of parliament in Melbourne’s Exhibition Building.

Worksheet information

Page 75

1903

December

The first election where women had the same rights as men to stand for parliament and to vote.

1906

December

August 1923

The building of Canberra’s Parliament House begins.

Dame Enid Lyons and Dorothy Tangney become the first women to win seats in parliament.

December 1949 Robert Menzies becomes Prime Minister for the second time, starting a 16- year term.

1967

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May

Voters overwhelmingly support a referendum proposing to count Indigenous people in the national census and to give the Federal Parliament power to legislate for Indigenous people.

December

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• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with them. Discuss the various ways they can be leaders at school; for example: leading the class while walking, being the rule maker in a game, leading classmates in a group activity, as a sports captain.

• Students draw about a time when they have been a leader in the space provided.

• Students then organise the words from the text alphabetically, writing them in order on the lines provided.

Page 77

• Discuss with the students how Australia is a big country with many people. There is need for a lot of leaders to keep everyone safe.

• Copy the worksheet and read the text with the students. Discuss the new terminology and the concept of one person leading the whole country. Discuss what kind of rules and decisions such a person would have to make, relating it to experiences they have had leading their peers.

• Students trace over the words from the text. They finish the worksheet by drawing one thing they would do if they were the leaders of the country.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 107.

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Prime Minister, Harold Holt, disappears in the ocean off Portsea, Victoria.

August 1971

• Students identify and colour the leader in the picture red. They then draw who they think the leaders are in their home.

© R. I .

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The ceremonial opening of parliament in Parliament House, Canberra.

September 1943

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with the students. Discuss what leaders are and what they do.

Page 76

First referendum held.

May 1927

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Teac he r

March

• Understands that the Prime Minister is Australia’s most important leader.

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Time line

Further exploration

• Find and display current newspaper articles and images of the Prime Minister. Discuss the job the Prime Minister does and the important decisions they make.

Senator Neville Bonner becomes the first Aboriginal parliamentarian.

• Discuss the characteristics of a good leader. Students can role-play being good leaders.

December 2007

• Use the word ‘leader’ to make an acrostic poem.

Kevin Rudd becomes Prime Minister.

74

Primary Australian history

• Take digital photos of students being good leaders to make a display.

• Imagine what it would be like to be the Prime Minister. Write a narrative about being the leader of a country.

R.I.C. Publications®

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Leaders at home

People a

nd p

o lit i

cs

Leaders are people who make rules, help us and keep us safe.

We follow their rules and do what they ask.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Colour the leader’s shirt red.

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2. Draw the leaders at your home.

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R.I.C. Publications®

Primary Australian history

75

Leaders at school

People a

nd p

o lit i

cs

Teachers and principals are leaders at school.

They make rules and help students.

Students can be leaders, too.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Draw a time when you have been a leader at school.

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o c 2. Write these words in order. . calphabetical e her r o t s make u per

rules help s leaders

76

Primary Australian history

R.I.C. Publications®

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The leaders of Australia

People a

nd p

o lit i

cs

The most important leader in Australia is the Prime Minister.

The Prime Minister leads the whole country.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

1. Trace over the words.

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2. Draw what you would do if you were the Prime Minister.

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Primary Australian history

77

Clever Australians Modern Australia

Indicator • Reads and comprehends information about Australian inventions.

Time line

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

James Harrison produces the first refrigerator for a brewery for the purposes of cooling beer.

1889

Arthur Arnot patents the first electric drill.

JA Birchall creates the first notepad.

1906

Lyster Ormsby demonstrates his surf-lifesaving reel on Bondi Beach for the first time.

1917

George Nicholas patents a pain reliever called Aspro™.

1922

Vegemite is invented by Fred Walker and Cyril P Callister. ™

1927 1934

The utility vehicle (ute) is designed by Lewis Brandt at the Ford Motor Company.

1940

Fauldings Pharmaceutical Company develops a white sunblock cream made from zinc oxide.

1946 Lance Hill invents a rotary clothes line called the Hills hoist™.

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1952

Mervyn Victor Richardson invents the two-stroke petrol lawnmower.

1953

. te

• Students may need to be guided as to the functions of the various items: old clothes line, a scythe and a Coolgardie safe.

• Read the information with the students. Discuss what the students know about inventions either from television or books. Students relate personal experiences of things they have invented. If desired, identify specific words to reinforce sounds, digraphs, blends or sight words by underlining or tracing over them on the worksheet. Complete the worksheet as directed.

Page 80

• Read the sentence at the top of the page first. Ask students to name some inventions that they may use at home. Discuss them. Read the clues for Question 1 (a) together and ask them to write the answer independently. Repeat for (b). Complete the remainder of the worksheet as directed.

Page 81

• Read the instructions then identify and discuss the pictures. Students use the sound clues to complete the words to name the inventions. Colour the pictures as directed.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 107 .

Answers

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RN Morse at the CSIRO develops the first efficient solar hot-water system.

1958

Page 79

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

Speedo introduces its first ‘racer-back’ style swimsuit. ™

• The long list of Australian inventions includes the grain stripper, the stump-jump plough, variable rack-and-pinion steering, the surf lifesaving reel, Aspro™, antibiotic penicillin, plastic spectacle lenses, ultrasound, the inflatable escape slide, the ‘black box’ flight recorder, the Bionic ear, the baby safety capsule, multifocal contact lenses, the refrigerator, the dual flush toilet, the electric drill, the notepad, the world’s first feature film, Speedo™, the car radio, zInc cream, the military tank, solar hot water, the wine cask, race cam, frozen embryo babies, the winged keel on yachts, and the Jindalee Radar System (which is able to detect the stealth bomber).

Page 79

Teacher check

Dr David Warren invents the ‘black box’ flight recorder.

Page 80

1961

1 (a) Vegemite™ (b) notepad

David Robinson and George Kossoff develop ultrasound.

1978

The bionic ear is invented by Professor Graeme Clark.

1982 The first dual flush toilet is invented.

The world’s first frozen embryo baby is born.

1984 The baby safety capsule is developed.

1995 Jindalee Radar System is developed, which detects stealth bombers.

78

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Teac he r

1902

• Australians have always been a creative and resourceful nation, finding ways to cope with, adapt to, or master a harsh environment far from the ‘mother country’. This quality has led to many inventions which have changed not only Australia but, often, the rest of the world.

Some inventions have become Australian icons such as Vegemite™, the Hills Hoist™, the Victor™ mower and the ute.

Primary Australian history

m . u

1856

Worksheet information

2.–3. Teacher check Page 81

1. electric drill, Speedos™, ute, surf-lifesaving reel, zinc cream, dual flush toilet 2. Teacher check

Further exploration • Students identify tools which are used at home for cleaning, cooking and amusement (computer, game console, television, radio, Mp3 player, CD player, DVDs etc.)

• Students design and draw a plan for an invention for a specific purpose; for example: a bed-making robot, a device that picks up toys, a machine to dispense treats, a tool for spreading jam smoothly.

R.I.C. Publications®

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M od er n

Clever Australians – 1

A ust

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An inventor is a person who thinks of clever ideas, machines or things.

Inventions can make life easier and better for other people.

Inventions can make work quicker and easier.

r o e t s B r e oo Many clever Australians have invented things. p u Stools to the new invention. k 1. Match the old

(b)

•

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• •

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(c)

•

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(a)

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Inventions can help people.

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2. Tick which Australian inventions you have at home. www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

79

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Clever Australians – 2

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There are some clever Australian inventions you may have in your home that you use every day.

1. Read the clues and write the word.

r o e t s Bo r e I live in your kitchen cupboard. p ok u I am spread on Sbread.

You eat me.

I am black.

What am I? I am V

.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons (b) I am an invention.

•Australian f orr e vi ew pur posesonl y• I often sit next to the telephone.

I am used with a pen or pencil.

I am made of paper.

What am I?

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(a) I am an Australian invention.

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Primary Australian history

o c . c e he r 2. Draw a picture for each answer. o t r s super 3. Write two clues for a baby safety capsule. .

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Clever Australians – 3

M od er n

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All of the things below were invented in Australia.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

electric dr

Sp

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Teac he r

1. Complete the names.

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surf-lifesaving r

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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zinc cr

dual flush t

2. Colour the pictures. www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

81

Aboriginal Australians today Modern Australia

March 1935

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line

Graham Farmer is born.

July 1956 1957

Worksheet information

• Modern Aboriginal Australians live in cities, towns, the coast, rural areas and the outback.

There remains no one Indigenous culture but a mixture of contemporary and traditional thoughts, ways and practices. There have been many distinguished Aboriginal Australians, in sport, politics and the arts. Pages 83-85 are used in conjunction with each other.

First ‘NAIDOC’ (National Aboriginal and Islander Day Observance Committee) Day of celebration is held.

1962

Page 83

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Ernie Dingo is born.

• Understands that Aboriginal Australians are a part of modern Australian society.

• There are a number of Aboriginal Australians who have achieved success and fame in their respective fields. These fields include the arts, television, sports and politics.

1965

• Enlarge the text to A3 and display so all students can see it. Read the text with the students. Discuss what they know about traditional Aboriginal life. Discuss how many Indigenous people no longer live this traditional way of life. Ask the students if they know any other well-known Indigenous people; for example, in their favourite football team.

Neil Elvis ‘Nicky’ Winmar born in WA.

Page 84

May 1967

• Students complete the worksheet by finding the words in the word search. They then colour the pictures at the bottom of the page, cut them out and glue them next to the correct word.

Indigenous athlete Percy Hobson wins gold medal for the high jump at the Commonwealth Games in Perth.

Voters overwhelmingly support a referendum proposing to count Indigenous people in the national census and to give Federal Parliament the power to legislate for Indigenous people.

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Aboriginal flag is first displayed.

August 1971

Senator Neville Bonner becomes the first Aboriginal parliamentarian.

February 1973

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Mandawuy Yunupingu and his band, Yothu Yindi, release the popular single ‘Treaty’.

1994

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• For this activity the students will need glue, scissors, a piece of yellow cellophane big enough to cover the circle, a black crayon and enough torn or cut squares of red crepe paper to cover the bottom half of the flag.

• Students cut the circle out from the centre of the page. Some may need assistance getting started. They glue the yellow cellophane onto the back of the page, over the hole.

• The bottom half of the flag is to be covered by gluing squares of red crepe paper. The top half can be coloured with black crayon.

Cathy Freeman is born.

1991

• Review the text on page 83 concerning the Aboriginal flag. Talk about the colours and what they represent.

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1971

Page 85

• Upon completion the flags can be displayed in the classroom.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 108.

o c . che e r o t r s super Further exploration

Cathy Freeman wins both the 200 metres and the 400 metres races at the Commonwealth Games in Canada.

• Students can draw and write a description of a famous Aboriginal Australian they are familiar with.

2008

• Investigate other Australian flags and what they represent.

Federal Parliament offers an official apology to the ‘stolen generations’ on behalf of the Australian Government.

82

Primary Australian history

• Find pictures of famous Aboriginal Australians in magazines and newspapers. Discuss what they did to become famous.

• Make a chart comparing life before European settlement for Australian Aborigines, and today.

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Aboriginal Australians today – 1

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Not all Aboriginal Australians live in the outback any more.

Most live in cities and towns.

Some Aboriginal Australians are famous.

r o e t s Bo r e ok runner. She has wonp a gold medal u SCathy Freeman carried at the Olympics. the Aboriginal flag when she won a gold medal in Canada at the Commonwealth Games.

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Teac he r

Cathy Freeman is a very fast

Cathy Freeman

© R. I .

C.P ubl i cat i ons Ernie Dingo is an actor. He has •f orr evi ew p ur p oses onl y• been in movies and

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television shows.

. teAboriginals playing There are many o c . ch e Aussie Rules football and Rugby r er o t s super Graham Farmer (both Union and League).

Ernie Dingo

Graham ‘Polly’ Farmer and Nicky Winmar are two famous Aussie Rules players.

Nicky Winmar www.ricpublications.com.au

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Primary Australian history

83

Aboriginal Austalians today – 2

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1. Find the words in the word search. dingo

actor

sun

Teac he r

fast

won

r o e t s r f pe a s t B uoo u Sj k d i a k

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y p i n c s u n p t q z g l o w oubnl ri ©wR. I .

C.P i cat ons 2. (a) Colour• and cut the pictures. f o rr ev i ew pur posesonl y•

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outback

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medal

84

Primary Australian history

football

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(b) Match and glue the pictures next to the words.

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M od er n

Teac he r

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r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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1. Colour the top section with black crayon. 2. Cover the bottom half with red squares.

3. Cut out the circle. 4. Glue yellow cellophane over the hole on the back.

Aboriginal Australians today – 3

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Primary Australian history

85

Famous Australians Modern Australia

1895

Time line

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• Understands some Australians are well known nationally and internationally.

Worksheet information

• Many Australians have achieved fame both nationally and abroad. Some of these people have helped shape our culture and the way we live today.

Banjo Patterson composes ‘Waltzing Matilda’.

1908

Page 87

1930

• The Wiggles™ were formed in 1991 and have since achieved success and fame worldwide. The four members—Jeff Fatt, Anthony Field, Sam Moran and Murray Cook—each wear a particular coloured shirt as they sing, dance and act.

Phar Lap wins the Melbourne Cup. 1942

Margaret Smith Court is born in New South Wales.

1946

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Don Bradman is born in New South Wales.

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with them. Ask how many students are familiar with the Wiggles™. Discuss how when a person or group is known by a lot of people we say they are famous. The Wiggles™ are famous in many countries.

• Students use the key to colour the picture correctly. Students then write the name of each ‘Wiggle’ under them, using the names supplied at the bottom of the page if required.

Mem Fox is born in Melbourne.

1949

Don Bradman is knighted for services to cricket.

Page 88

• Steve Irwin was a wildlife expert and television personality who died in 2006. His daughter, Bindi Irwin, carries on his work promoting wildlife conservation through her television show and public appearances. Before reading the text, discuss with the students what they remember of Steve Irwin and his work.

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1962

Steve Irwin is born in Melbourne.

1968

• Before the activity, prepare enough small squares of crepe paper in different shades of green for each student. Also cut out thin strips of white paper of different lengths. Copy and enlarge one crocodile picture onto green card for each student.

Kylie Minogue is born in Melbourne.

1968

Hugh Jackman is born in Sydney.

1991

Page 89

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• Mem Fox is an Australian author and an educational specialist. She is considered by many to be Australia’s most popular children’s author.

The Wiggles produce their first album.

December 1997

Twentieth Century Fox produce The Wiggles movie.

1998

Bindi Irwin is born.

February 2001

Don Bradman passes away.

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Possum magic, written by Mem Fox, is published.

• After reading the text, students glue green squares onto the crocodile’s body as scales, then glue white strips on one or two body segments as bandages. To complete the picture students cut out the crocodile, which can be hung in the class as a display.

1983

• Read the text with the students. Ask them if they have read any of the books mentioned, and if they know of any other books written by Mem Fox. Discuss how Fox uses Australian themes in her work.

o c . che e r o t r s super

• Students choose an Australian animal to write a story about. They then draw a picture of that animal and write a short story or ideas for a story on the back of the page.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 108.

Further exploration

2005

The Wiggles are recognised as Australia’s ‘Exporter of the Year’.

September 2006

Steve Irwin is fatally pierced in the chest by a stingray barb.

• Read stories by Mem Fox. Write a report about Mem Fox

• Brainstorm other famous Australians and categorise them according the fields in which thay have achieved fame (sports, television etc.)

• Watch an episode of Bindi the jungle girl. Discuss with the students the values they think Bindi is trying to teach in her show.

November 2006 Greg Page retires from the Wiggles. Sam Moran takes his place as the yellow Wiggle.

Wags the Dog starts talking.

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Primary Australian history

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M od er n

The Wiggles

™

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Many people know the Wiggles™.

They are famous Australians.

1. Colour the Wiggles™. Use the codes to help you. r = red

bl = black r o e t s Bo r e p = purple p ok u S y = yellow

b p

y

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b = blue

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur po seson l y• bl bl r

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bl

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bl

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A

2. Write each Wiggles’™ name in the spaces above.

Jeff Murray Sam www.ricpublications.com.au

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J Anthony Primary Australian history

87

Steve and Bindi Irwin

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Steve Irwin loved to help crocodiles and other animals.

He was called the ‘Crocodile Hunter’.

Now his daughter, Bindi, also helps people to

r o e t s Bo r e p green paper ‘scales’ on your crocodile. o u k S

learn and care about animals.

2. Glue 3. Cut

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

1. Glue

some white ‘bandages’ on your crocodile. the crocodile out.

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Primary Australian history

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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M od er n

Mem Fox

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Mem Fox writes childrens’ books.

Many of her books are about Australian animals. Possum magic, Koala Lou

r o e t s Bo r e panimal in the box. ok 1. Draw an Australian u S 2. Write a story about the animal on the back of this page.

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and Wombat divine are some of her books.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Primary Australian history

89

Our sporting nation Modern Australia

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Time line

1858

• Understands Australians engage in a wide variety of sports.

Worksheet information

First game of Australian Rules football is played.

1861 1864

Page 91

The first Australian Rugby Union football club is established at Sydney University.

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Teac he r

First running of the Melbourne Cup horse race.

• There is a high level of participation in sports in Australia. The most popular sports include netball, swimming, Australian Rules football, golf, soccer, rugby and cricket. Our climate and economic status provide for a wide range of sports, with about 120 national sporting organisations and 6.5 million Australians registered as sports participants.

• Despite a relatively small population, Australia has produced world champions in many sports, including cricket, Rugby Union, basketball, rowing, netball, hockey and swimming.

1882

1896

• Give each student a copy of the page and read the text with them. Discuss any recent successes Australians have had in sport. Students use the words at the bottom of the page (if necessary, depending on ability) to name the sports pictured. They then colour the sports that they think Australians are good at.

First modern Olympic Games is held in Athens.

Page 92

1897

• There is a very wide range of sports available to participate in or follow in Australia. Each student will have different exposure to and knowledge of sports played in Australia.

Australia win over England in Test cricket in England, beginning the Ashes.

Victorian Football League is founded.

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1907

Rugby League is established as a professional variant of Rugby Union in New South Wales and Queensland.

1912

Australia sends women to the Olympic Games for the first time.

1915

• Give each student a copy of the worksheet and read the text with them. Ask them to suggest any other sports, such as the martial arts, motor sports, hockey and horseracing.

Students then complete the worksheet by ticking the boxes of the sports they like to watch and colouring the pictures of the sports they like to play.

Page 93

• Discuss Australian Rules football participation in your state or territory, including the teams and their colours, and the fact that it is a uniquely Australian sport.

1927

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 109.

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• Copy one page onto card for each student. Students colour the football player in the team colours of their choice.

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Surfing is introduced to Australia.

The All Australia Women’s Basket Ball Association, which would become netball, is formed.

Further exploration

1975

• Look at ‘tallying’ as a way to record scores at games. Play a game such as bowling and students can record scores as a tally.

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First Cricket World Cup (Prudential Cup) is held.

2000

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Sydney Olympic Games is held. Seventeen-year-old Ian Thorpe wins five medals.

March 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games occur.

2007

• Conduct a survey of the class to find out which sports are the most popular in your class.

• Compare Australian Rules to a traditional sport from another country. How are they similar or different?

• Kick different-shaped footballs and measure how far they can go. Which shape travels the furthest?

• Discuss oval and round shapes: What are they good for? What are other shapes good for? (e.g. cubes for stacking, cylinders for holding objects)

Australia wins a record-setting fourth Cricket World Cup.

90

Primary Australian history

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M od er n

Our sporting nation – 1

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Australians are very good at many sports.

We do well in surfing, cricket, football and swimming contests.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

1. Write the name of the sports under the pictures.

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Teac he r

2. Colour the sports Australians are good at.

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swimming tennis

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football golf

cricket surfing Primary Australian history

91

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Our sporting nation – 2

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There are many sports people can play or watch in Australia.

1. Tick the boxes of the sports you like to WATCH.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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2. Colour the sports you like to PLAY.

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Our sporting nation – 3

M od er n

A ust

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Many Australians play or watch Australian Rules football.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u Colour the player in S your favourite team’s

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Teac he r

It is a very popular sport in Australia.

colours.

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© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Primary Australian history

93

Yesterday, today and tomorrow Modern Australia

Time line

1759 Shampoo is invented.

Indicator

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S • Understands people’s way of life changes with time.

Worksheet information

1821 Electro-magnetic rotation is discovered by Michael Faraday.

Teac he r

1849 Early version of telephone is invented by Antonio Meucci.

1856 The first mechanical refrigeration plant is built by James Harrison to cool beer.

1861 Colour photography is invented by James Maxwell.

1879 Automobile engine is patented by Karl Benz.

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1843 Fax machine is invented by Alexander Bain.

• Concepts of ‘life in the future’ may be difficult for young children to comprehend. By reflecting on the past and comparing it to life today, students will gain an understanding of the way changes over time effect the way we live. It would be useful to bring in some items from ‘the past’ for the students to touch and investigate such as old coins, toys and clothing.

Page 95

• Enlarge the sheet so the students can read it with you. Read the letter from Benjamin and discuss what life was like for him in terms of transport, food, toys and appliances. Next, read the email from Thomas. Discuss how his life is different from Benjamin’s. Discuss how, over time, our lives change due to advancements and inventions. Use simple terms such as ‘then’ and ‘now’.

Page 96

• Read the text with the students. Discuss how, just as we grow and change, so the things around us change with time. Advances in technology change the way we dress, eat, travel and live.

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

1923 Television (electronic) is invented by Philo Farnsworth.

1941 Computer (program-controlled) is invented by Konrad Zuse.

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1951 The first video tape recorder (VTR) captures live images from television cameras.

1955 Noah W McVicker and Joseph S McVicker patent PlayDoh™.

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1956 Hard disk drive is invented by Reynold Johnson and IBM.

• Students complete the worksheet by cutting the pictures from the bottom of the page and gluing them next to the appropriate picture from the past.

Page 97

• Read the text with the students and discuss the possible future. Ask for suggestions as to what might change and how. Students choose two things from the word list and draw what they think it might be like in the future.

• Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 109.

Further exploration

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1903 Powered, controlled aeroplane is invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright.

• Investigate the possibility of meeting aliens in the future. Draw an alien family and their house on Earth.

• Robots may be part of our everyday lives in the future. Make robots out of scrap paper, tin foil and other items.

o c . che e r o t r s super

1958 Interlocking plastic LEGO™ blocks are invented by Godtfred Christiansen.

1973 The first portable analog cellular phone is made.

1983 Internet (first TCP/IP network) is invented by Robert E Kahn, Vint Cerf and others.

1989 World Wide Web is invented by Tim Berners-Lee.

• Students can paint a scene from the future using ideas inspired by these pages.

• Play with toys and games from ‘the past’ for a day. (e.g. skipping ropes, spinning tops) • Invite a grandparent to speak to the students about the changes that have occurred in Australian life since they were young.

• Create some designs for useful products for the future.

• Brainstorm what jobs there are now and what jobs there may be in the future. Write a narrative about a job students might do in the future.

• Do some rubbings of past and present Australian coins. Speculate as to what form the currency of the future may take.

1991 Kodak releases the first professional digital camera system (DCS).

1994 Bluetooth is invented.

1995 DVD as an industry standard is announced.

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Primary Australian history

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The past and today – 1

M od er n

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Dear Aunty Judith

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

It is nearly Christmas and I am very excited. I shall be getting a new toy horse. It is made of wood and is painted white. My sister will be getting a brand new teddy bear. She is also very excited! We will take a carriage to town tomorrow to look in the toy shop. We will also order our food for Christmas Day. We can not buy it yet as it would become rotten in the hot weather! We will pick up the food the day before Christmas and Mother will cook it in the wood oven. Hopefully, the weather will not be too hot, as the only way to cool down at home is to open the windows. I am sure it will be a wonderful day!

Love

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Benjamin •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Your nephew,

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http://www.modernaustralia.com.au

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modern australia

Hi Jemma! I’m pretty excited because it’s my birthday soon. I’ve asked Mum for a Robodino, a new mobile phone and a DVD. I hope I get them! We’re going to have a party—I’ll email my friends soon to invite them. Mum and I are going to drive to the shops tomorrow and get some frozen food for the party which mum can heat up in the microwave. The weather report says it’s going to be hot, so it’s lucky we have an air conditioner and a pool! I’ll text you soon … Thomas.

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Primary Australian history

95

M od er n

The past and today – 2

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Life for a grandparent now is probably very different to when they were young.

1. Cut out the pictures at the bottom of the page.

r o e t s Botoday r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

2. Match each thing to what it was like in the past. Glue them next to each other.

past

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Primary Australian history

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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M od er n

The future

A ust

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Your life when you grow older will be different from how it is now. We don’t know how

word list

Teac he r

in the future. Use both boxes below.

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s B r e oo 1. Choose two things from the word list. p u 2. Draw how you Sthink each one might change k things will change—we can only guess.

toys houses cars clothes food schools

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© R. I .

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Primary Australian history

97

Quiz questions

The first

A u s tr

pages 2–5

a li a

ns

Choose the correct answers.

1. The first people to live in Australia were:

r o e t s Bo r e p(b) humpies ok (a) jumpies (c) bumpies u S 3. Traditional Aboriginal food includes kangaroo, nuts, fruit and: (a) the Africans

(b) the Chinese

(c) the Aboriginals

(a) berries

(b) milk

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

2. Australian Aboriginals lived in:

(c) chips

4. In winter, traditional Aboriginals wore … (a) jumpers

(b) sheepskin coats (c) animal skin cloaks

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons A b or i gin a ll •f orr evi ew pur pos eson y A us• tr a

Quiz questions

li a n

pages 6–9

s

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1. A digging stick was used to: (a) find gold

. tis: 2. A boomerange

(b) find yams, grubs and ants

(c) make music

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Choose the correct answers.

o c . ch (a) a loud noise (b) a kind of boat e r e o t r s su er (c) a curved piece of wood which is p thrown

3. A woomera is a: (a) throwing stick for a spear

(b) lady

(c) rocket

4. A spear is: (a) a fish

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Primary Australian history

(b) a sharp stick used for hunting

(c) a toy

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Quiz questions

T h e R ai n pages 10–13

bow S

er p e

nt

Choose the correct answers.

1. The snake in the story was called: (a) the Giant Serpent (b) the Painted Snake (c) the Rainbow Serpent

r o e t s Bo(c) happy r (b) angry e p ok 3. The Rainbowu Serpent made: S (a) the mountains and lakes 2. When his people first saw him, they were:

(b) pancakes

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(a) scared

(c) the sun and stars

4. When the Rainbow Serpent got angry, his people: (a) laughed

(b) hid

(c) jumped into the lake

© R. I .

C.Publ i cat i ons Other Drea mt• •f orr evi ew pur pose sonl y ime s to pages 14–17

Choose the correct answers.

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1. The children who came down from the sky: (a) drank too much water

(b) turned into frogs

r ies

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Quiz questions

. te o 2. Mother Sun made: c . c e r (a) a big damper h (b) purple jelly (c) rock cakes er o t s s r upe 3. Birrave was a spirit who: (c) ate all the food on the earth

(a) made water (b) painted animals (c) painted plants, trees and grass 4. Mellong gave Caterpillar wings because Caterpillar was:

(a) sleepy

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(b) helpful

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Quiz questions

Vi s i t i n

pages 18–21

g sa

il o r

s

Choose the correct answers.

1. Sailors visited Australia from:

r o e t s Bo r e p(b) James Book (c) James ok (a) James Chook u Cook 3. Captain JamesS Cook visited Australia in:

(a) Africa and America (b) the Netherlands, France and Britain

(a) 1970

(b) 1870

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

2. One British sailor to visit Australia was:

(c) 1770

4. Captain James Cook’s ship was called: (a) Endeavour

(b) Junk

(c) Raft

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C.Publ i cat i ons The first w •f orr evi ew pur pos esonl hy ite • s et

tl e r

pages 22–25

Choose the correct answers.

w ww

1. The first white settlers came to Australia by: (a) ship

. te (a) America

(b) aeroplane

(c) car

s

m . u

Quiz questions

o c . c e her r 3. Australia Day is celebrated to remember: t o s super (a) when the first white settlers came 2. The first white settlers came to Australia from:

(b) Britain

(c) Japan

(b) the day Australia was discovered 4. Australia Day is celebrated on 26:

(a) June

100

Primary Australian history

(b) July

(c) January

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Quiz questions

Con

pages 26–29

vic t

s

Choose the correct answers.

1. A long time ago, many people in England were very: (a) hungry

(b) happy

(c) silly

r o (b) steal (c) cook e t s B r e oo p 3. Convicts often wore: u (b) leg irons k (a) handcuffsS

(c) neck chains 2. Sometimes they had to

food to live.

4. Convicts had to wear a: (a) uniform

(b) tracksuit

(c) suit and tie

(b) vegetables

(c) bread

5. Convicts ate lots of: (a) rice

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

(a) buy

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C.Publ i cat i ons he first s •f orr evi ew pur posesTo nl y• ettlem pages 30–33

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1. Most of the first settlers were: (a) sailors

(b) convicts

ent

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(c) children

. te and roads o (a) built houses c . c e (b) played (c) watched TV her r o t s super 3. The first settlers ate: 2. Most of the convicts:

(a) chocolate

(b) bread and soup (c) chips

4. The very first settlers lived in:

(a) brick houses

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(b) caves

(c) tents

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101

Quiz questions

Bushr

pages 34–37

ang

er s

Choose the correct answers.

1. The first bushrangers were: (a) escaped convicts

(b) soldiers

(c) Aboriginals

r o e t s Bo r e ok (c) worked on farms p u 3. Soldiers put upS posters called: 2. Bushrangers:

(a) cartoons

(b) stole from other settlers

(b) newspapers

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(a) helped soldiers

(c) ‘Wanted’ posters

4. Many bushrangers had:

(a) televisions

(b) guns and masks (c) lots of good food

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C.Publ i cat i ons What are •f orr evi ew pur pose sonl y exp• lor

Choose the correct answers.

er s

pages 38–41

?

m . u

Quiz questions

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1. An explorer is a person who: (a) goes to unknown places (b) is very good (c) exercises 2. Explorers find out about: (a) insects (b) the weather (c) the land, plants and animals 3. Explorers need to take and with them on trips. (a) radios; televisions (b) food; water (c) cars; trucks 4. Explorers used rifles, rope and on their trips. (a) horses (b) jeeps (c) motor bikes 5. Explorers had to be: (a) old (b) brave (c) hairy

. te

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o c . che e r o t r s super

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Quiz questions

G ol

pages 42–45

d

Choose the correct answers.

1. Gold is a precious, yellow: (a) metal

(b) bird

(c) flower

2. A chunk of gold is called a:

(b) nugget (c) ring r o e t s B r e 3. A person who looks for gold is called a: o p ok u (a) teacher S (b) builder (c) prospector 4. A prospector finds gold using: (a) a pick, a shovel and a dish

(b) a bulldozer

5. Finding gold was very (a) easy

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(a) rock

work. (b) hard

(c) clean

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C.Publ i cat i ons Ey arl• •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y t ra n s pages 46–49

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1. The first kinds of transport were:

. te

(a) horses and bullocks (b) cats and dogs

por

t

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Quiz questions

o c .

2. Bullocks are very: che e r o t (a) fast (b) strong (c) good at climbing r s super (c) buses and trains

3. The main transport company was named: (a) Coach Co.

(b) McDonalds

(c) Cobb and Co.

4. Coaches were pulled by: (a) camels

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(b) horses

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(c) elephants

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Quiz questions

Towards Fe

pages 50–53

d er a

ti o n

Choose the correct answers.

1. There are

states and territories of Australia.

(a) eight

(b) seven

(c) six

2. The biggest state in Australia is:

(c) Victoria r o e t s Bo r e 3. The smallest territory is the: p o u kTerritory (a) Australian Capital Territory (b) Northern S 4. All of the states and territories joined together to make the country (b) Western Australia

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

(a) Tasmania

named:

(a) America

(b) Africa

5. Australia has

all around it.

(b) water

(c) mountains

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C.Publ i cat i ons S y m b o ls o Fed• •f orr evi ew pur pos esonfl y er at

Quiz questions

pages 54–57

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1. The Australian National Flag is:

. te

ion

m . u

(a) land

(c) Australia

(a) red, white and blue (b) black and white (c) yellow and green

o c . (a) two (b) six (c) four e ch r e o t r s super 3. The Aboriginal flag is: 2. There are

(a) black and white

stars on the Australian National Flag.

(b) red, yellow and black

4. The Torres Strait Islander flag is:

(a) red and green (b) black and gold (c) green, black, white and blue

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Quiz questions

Emb

pages 58–61

le m

s

Answer yes or no.

1. Is emblem another word for country?

r o e t s Bo r e p ok badge or signs? u S 4. Can countries and states have emblems?

2. Is an emblem a picture on the badge of a car?

5. Do some flags have an emblem on them?

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

3. Can schools and sports clubs have an emblem on their

6. Do some emblems have a picture of a plant on them?

7. Can a picture of a kangaroo be found on many Australian emblems?

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• World W

ar l

pages 62–65

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m . u

Quiz questions

1. The Australian and New Zealand soldiers were called:

(b) Anzacs (c) Znacs . te o 2. ANZAC soldiers fought in: c . c e her r (a) Australia (b) Europe (c) New Zealand o t s supeon: r 3. We remember the ANZAC soldiers (a) Anzus

(a) Australia Day

(b) Sundays

(c) Anzac Day

4. Australians fought in World War I because they were: (a) friends with Britain

(b) friends with Japan

(c) hungry

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Quiz questions

World

pages 66–69

War l

l

Choose the correct answers.

1. A famous type of fighter plane in World War II was the:

r o e t s Bo r e p(b) stronger o (a) nice (c) friendsk u S 3. During wars there is a lot of: (a) Firebird

(b) Spitfire

(c) Airbus

(a) food

(b) drink

(c) fighting

4. Some aeroplanes in the war had: (a) guns

(b) fireworks

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Teac he r

2. World War II started because some countries wanted to be:

(c) basketballs

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C.Publ i cat i ons We come from m •f orr evi ew pur poseson l y any• pl a pages 70–73

ces

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m . u

Quiz questions Choose the correct answers.

. te (b) the Aboriginals (c) the Irish o c 2. People from Australia look: . c e h r (a) the same (b) different (c) funny er o st super 1. The first people to live in Australia were: (a) the Africans

3. The first settlers came to Australia from: (a) Europe

(b) Africa

(c) Japan

4. Australian families come from: (a) Sydney

106

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(b) different places

(c) Europe

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Quiz questions

Lea d

pages 74–77

er s

Choose the correct answers.

1.

are often leaders at home.

r o e t s Bo r e p (b) tea omess (a) rules (c) a u k S 3. The Prime Minister is: (a) Pets

(b) Babies

(c) Parents

(b) the principal

(c) American

(a) Australia’s leader

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

2. Leaders make:

4. The leaders at school are teachers, principals and: (a) class pets

(b) some students

(c) trees

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C.Publ i cat i ons lel vy er • •f orr evi ew pur posesoCn A u s tr al pages 78–81

w ww

Answer as right or wrong.

ia n

s

m . u

Quiz questions

. te o c 3. Inventions can make work easier and quicker. . che e r 4. Inventions can help people. o t r s s r u e p 5. The Victa mower, the refrigerator and the Hills Hoist were 1. An inventor thinks of clever things or machines.

2. Inventions can make life harder for people.

™

™

invented in America.

6. Vegemite™ and notepads were invented in Australia.

7. The baby safety capsule and the electric drill were invented in China.

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Quiz questions

A b o r i g in al A u

str a l i a

pages 82–85

ns to

day

Choose the correct answers.

1. Cathy Freeman is very good at:

r o e t s Bo r e p(b) artist ok (a) actor (c) doctor u 3. The circle in theS Aboriginal flag is: (a) singing

(b) football

(c) running

(a) blue

(b) black

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

2. Ernie Dingo is a famous:

(c) yellow

4. Nicky Winmar and Graham Farmer were famous for playing: (a) the guitar

(b) tennis

(c) Aussie Rules football

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C.Publ i cat i ons Famous •f orr evi ew pur pose sonl y A us• tr a l pages 86–89

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Choose the correct answers.

. te

ia n

s

m . u

Quiz questions 1. The Wiggles are:

o c .

2. A famous person isc a person who: e herlove r o t (a) many people know (b) you (c) eats s fruit super (a) American

(b) famous

(c) vegetables

3. Bindi Irwin is Steve Irwin’s: (a) friend

(b) pet mouse

(c) daughter

4. Mem Fox is a famous Australian: (a) surfer

108

Primary Australian history

(b) author

(c) doctor

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Quiz questions

O ur s p o

r tin g

pages 90–93

n ati

on

Choose the correct answers.

1. In Australia, people can play:

(c) many sports r o e t s Bo r e 2. Surfing is a sport done at: p o u kzoo (a) home (b) the beach (c) the S 3. To play tennis you need a: (a) racquet

(b) two sports

(b) towel

(c) pair of goggles

4. In Australia, Australian Rules football is very: (a) nice

(b) popular

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Teac he r

(a) one sport

(c) quiet

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C.Publ i cat i ons Yesterday, today an d •f orr evi ew pur p osesonl y •tomor

Quiz questions

pages 94–97

row

w ww

1. Compared to the past, today’s cars are: (a) faster

. te (a) in the past

(b) slower

2. Teddy bears were toys children had:

m . u

Choose the correct answers.

(c) made of wood

o c . e 3. Something wec use to keep cool with now that they didn’t have in h r e o the past is: r st super (a) windows (b) air conditioners (c) ice-cream

(b) today

(c) in the past and today.

4. When we think about the future, we: (a) know what will happen (b) guess what might happen (c) have pictures of what will happen. www.ricpublications.com.au

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Quiz answers The first Australians

98

1. (c) the Aboriginals

3. (b) bread and soup

4. yes

4. (c) tents

5. yes 6. yes

2. (b) humpies 3. (a) berries

Bushrangers

4. (c) animal skin cloaks

102

7. yes

1. (a) escaped convicts

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S World War I

2. (b) stole from other settlers

Aboriginal Australians

98

1. (b) find yams, grub and ants

2. (b) Europe

102

4. (a) friends with Britain

1. (a) goes to unknown places

World War II

2. (c) the land, plants and animals

99

1. (c) the Rainbow Serpent

3. (b) food; water

1. (b) Spitfire

4. (a) horses

2. (b) stronger

5. (b) brave

3. (c) fighting

2. (c) happy

4. (a) guns

3. (a) the mountains and lakes

Gold

4. (b) hid

The Dreamtime stories

105

103

We come from many places

1. (a) metal

99

106

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

4. (b) guns and masks

What are explorers?

4. (b) a sharp stick used for hunting

The Rainbow Serpent

1. (b) Anzacs

3. (c) Anzac Day

2. (c) a curved piece of wood which is thrown 3. (a) throwing stick for a spear

3. (c) ‘Wanted’ posters

2. (b) nugget

1. (b) the Aboriginals

3. (c) prospector

2. (b) different

1. (c) ate all the food on the earth

4. (a) a pick, a shovel and a dish

3. (a) Europe

2. (a) a big damper

5. (b) hand

4. (b) different places

106

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C.Publ i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

3. (c) painted plants, trees and grass 4. (b) helpful

Early transport

Visiting sailors

100

103

Leaders

107

1. (a) horses and bullocks

1. (c) parents 2. (a) rules

3. (c) Cobb and Co.

3. (a) Australia’s leader

2. (c) James Cook

4. (c) horses

4. (b) some students

3. (c) 1770

w ww

4. (b) Endeavour

The first white settlers 1. (a) ship

2. (b) Britain

Towards Federation 100

. te

3. (a) when the first white settlers came 4. (c) January

Convicts

101

1. (a) hungry

104

3. (b) leg irons

1. Right

2. (b) Western Australia

2. Wrong

3. (a) Australian Capital Territory

3. Right

4. (c) Australia

4. Right

5. (b) water

5. Wrong

o c . che e r o t r s super Symbols of Federation

104

7. Wrong

1. (a) red, white and blue

Australian Aboriginals today

3. (b) red, yellow and black

1. (c) running

4. (c) green, black, white and blue

2. (a) actor

108

3. (c) yellow

5. (c) bread

1. (b) convicts

107

6. Right

4. (a) uniform

The first settlements

Clever Australians

1. (a) eight

2. (b) six

2. (b) steal

m . u

2. (b) strong

1. (b) the Netherlands, France and Britain

Emblems 101

105

4. (c) Australian Rules football

1. no 2. yes 3. yes

2. (a) built houses and roads

110

Primary Australian history

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Quiz answers Famous Australians

108

1. (b) famous 2. (a) many people know 3. (c) daughter 4. (b) author

Our sporting nation 1. (c) many sports 2. (b) the beach 3. (a) racquet

Yesterday, today and tomorrow 109 1. (a) faster

2. (c) in the past and today 3. (b) air conditioners

4. (b) guess what might happen

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

4. (b) popular

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S 109

w ww

. te

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m . u

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Primary Australian history

111