Essential Elements for Effectiveness (Miami Dade College), 7th Edition Juan R Abascal Test Bank

Type:

Test Bank

Essential Elements for Resource: Effectiveness Edition:

7th Edition

Author(s):

Juan R. Abascal Dominic Brucato Laurel Brucato Patricia Stephenson

Test Bank For

Essential Elements of Effectiveness Seventh Edition Juan R. Abascal, Miami-Dade Community College Dominic Brucato, Miami-Dade Community College Laurel Brucato Patricia Stephenson

Prepared by Alan Swinkels, St. Edward’s University

Table of Contents Chapter 1 A Reality Check Chapter 2 Making Positive Choices Chapter 3 Learning to Accept Yourself Chapter 4 Pursuing Accomplishment Through Character Development Chapter 5 Understanding Stress Chapter 6 Developing Wellness Skills Chapter 7 Experiencing Positive Emotions Chapter 8 Creating a Meaningful Vision Chapter 9 Developing Your Emotional Intelligence Chapter 10 Building Effective Communication Skills Chapter 11 Establishing Positive Relationships Chapter 12 Knowing the Workplace Chapter 13 Designing Your Own Career Chapter 14 Applying Positive Psychology at Work

Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 1 A Reality Check

1. Which principle best describes the process of perception? a) We see what we think is there. b) We record the world as it is. c) We see what is actually there. d) Perception is like a camera.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. __________ is the process of receiving stimuli with our sensory organs, and __________ involves interpreting those stimuli. a) Perception; sensation b) Sensation; perception c) Seeing; believing d) Triggering; integrating Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Which process converts energy signals gathered from the world outside us into electrochemical signals our brains can process? a) induction b) deduction c) sensation d) transduction Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. We focus our consciousness on only a partial aspect of all that we are capable of experiencing. This process is called __________. a) perception b) divided consciousness c) selective attention d) impaired sensation Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

5. Arlo has always seen white swans in his various visits to ponds, zoos, lakes, and other water areas. While visiting a petting zoo, he is astonished to see a black swan. In fact, at first he doesn’t perceive the animal as being a swan at all, because this particular example doesn’t fit with his experience and expectations. What term is used to describe the process of applying prior knowledge and previous experiences to the perception of new information? a) top-down processing b) lateral processing c) cross processing d) bottom-up processing Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

6. What happens in the brain when we perceive a stimulus in the world? a) A single neuron fires and registers the event. b) Two neurons register the event simultaneously. c) An entire network of neurons becomes activated. d) Two neurons register the event initially, then one neuron processes the information more fully.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. __________ is the process that accounts for how the brain can construct images even though no information is coming through the eyes. a) Selective attention b) Distributed processing c) Selective perception d) Divided attention Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. Some estimates indicate that as much as __________ percent of vision is imagination. a) 90 b) 80 c) 75 d) 60 Answer: d

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. The brain tends to “forecast” or anticipate what’s going on when information is being processed, and changes these expectations only when it receives disconfirming information. This process is called __________. a) anticipatory neglect b) bottom-up processing c) parallel distributed processing d) predictive coding Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. The __________ refers to a hole in the back of each person’s retina, where no visual information gets registered. a) blind spot b) adaptive junction c) neural gap d) anterior fissure Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Topic: Sensation vs. Perception Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. What term did philosopher Thomas Kuhn use to refer to frames of reference? a) frames b) schemas c) paradigms d) perspectives Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. Ellen found a great art print at a garage sale, but it sat on her kitchen table for months when she couldn’t decide where to put it. Her friend suggested getting the print framed, and as soon as it was done, Ellen knew the exact right spot to hang it. What caused this outcome? a) Frames always point to a single solution. b) Frames cause us to shift our paradigms in the direction of predetermined correctness. c) Frames provide a blueprint for objectively correct behavior. d) Frames provide clarity, focus, and a sense of completeness to the items they frame.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. Frames of reference help us to __________. a) think creatively b) organize and understand our world c) recall the historical past d) persuade others of the correctness of our views Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. How is confusion related to frames of reference? a) Confusion results from having too many frames of reference operating simultaneously. b) Confusion occurs after we have applied a frame of reference to an event. c) Confusion is the inability to make sense of something, or place it within a frame of reference. d) Confusion cannot occur if we have a minimum number of frames of reference available to us.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. Most frames of reference eventually __________ in our minds. a) remain in flux b) disappear c) become fixed d) lose their importance Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Shifting a frame of reference when appropriate allows us to __________. a) enhance our flexibility of thought b) draw on experience when solving a problem c) engage in top-down processing of an event d) return to a childlike state of wonderment Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

17. The “nine-dot problem” illustrates that __________. a) paradigms are not helpful in problem solving situations b) forcing an inappropriate paradigm onto a situation limits our ability to solve a problem c) schemas are better than paradigms for solving certain problems d) paradigms are better than frames of reference for solving certain problems Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. __________ are also referred to as optical illusions. a) Paradigm shifts b) Schematic upheavals c) Sensory delusions d) Ambiguous figures Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Perceptions are not __________, but rather are simply __________. a) reality; sensations b) reality; perceptions c) changeable; fixed d) illusions; reality Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Topic: The Concept of Frames Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. The philosopher Thomas Kuhn argued that a __________ precedes most major scientific discoveries. a) consensus of thought b) revision of history c) spark of insight d) paradigm shift Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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21. Thomas Kuhn thought that a breakthrough in scientific endeavor must first involve a __________. a) break with tradition b) refusal to observe data c) breakdown of the scientific method d) rejection of empiricism Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. __________ results from building a foundation of research and data based on validating existing theoretical paradigms. a) Revolutionary science b) Philosophy c) Normal science d) Upheaval Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. When operating within a period of normal science, how do most researchers treat anomalous results? a) They treat the anomalies as factual evidence. b) They ignore or discount the anomalies. c) They shift their paradigms immediately. d) They revise their theories to account for the anomalies.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. Successful challenges to an existing scientific paradigm often come from __________. a) changes in public opinion, exerting pressure on the scientific community b) within the discipline, prompted by the conduct of normal science c) revisions of public policy, spurred by the political process d) outside the discipline, provided by those with a fresh perspective Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. What happens when a mass of anomalous results starts to build within a scientific discipline? a) The discipline collapses onto itself. b) The discipline will continue to ignore the anomalous results. c) The discipline must become open to a new paradigm. d) Subdisciplines emerge to revive the existing paradigm.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. Scientific revolutions result when __________ occurs. a) a paradigm shift b) bottom-down thinking c) parallel processing d) normal science Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. According to Thomas Kuhn, how do paradigm shifts occur in the natural sciences? a) gradually b) imperceptibly c) rapidly d) incrementally Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

28. The process of change in the social sciences tends to be __________. a) abrupt b) nonexistent c) fundamental d) incremental Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. Social sciences tend to experience __________ rather than paradigm shifts. a) paradigm negation b) paradigm refusal c) paradigm expansion d) paradigm rebuttal Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 30. Currently, what is the best paradigm for explaining and predicting human behavior? a) psychoanalytic theory b) cognitive-behavioral model c) classical conditioning d) operant conditioning Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Topic: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

31. What is the basic starting point for Positive Psychology? a) Psychology is about more than just understanding and fixing psychological problems. b) Psychology is an offshoot of logical positivism. c) Psychology should only address behaviors that it can directly measure and positively identify. d) Genetics and biological processes can completely determine human behavior.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Welcome to Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. What ideological breakthrough led to the development of Positive Psychology? a) Humans are more than simply the sum of their parts; mind, body, and experience need to interact as one cohesive unit. b) Correcting shortcomings addresses only half the human experience; nurturing strengths is equally important and should not be neglected. c) Psychology can be reduced to the level of biology and physics; understanding those sciences more completely allows for greater psychological understanding. d) Psychologists can be certain of only what they can directly experience; imagination, goals, wishes, and “the mind” have no place in modern psychology.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Welcome to Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. What is one of the roots of Positive Psychology? a) the Behaviorist movement b) the Psychoanalytic movement c) the Humanistic Psychology movement d) the Psychophysics movement Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Positive Psychology and Effectiveness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 34. What is a primary topic for investigation in Positive Psychology? a) social behavior b) introspection c) psychological disorders d) well-being Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. What is a fundamental goal of Positive Psychology? a) to control behavior b) expanding social consciousness c) reducing inner conflict d) to increase flourishing Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. Well-being is composed of five elements summarized by the acronym __________. a) OCEAN b) SNAFU c) CANOE d) PERMA Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. The P in PERMA represents __________. a) positive emotions b) persistence c) playfulness d) preoccupation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

38. The R in PERMA represents __________. a) remembrance b) responsiveness

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) relationships d) revenge Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

39. The fallacy of the commons refers to __________. a) the way to disprove the Gaia hypothesis b) a method for reframing c) the fact that neuroplasticity is rare among less-educated individuals d) the false belief that we can continue to use Earth’s resources without any consequences Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. The Gaia hypothesis posits that __________. a) humans are superior to animals because of our consciousness b) Earth is a spaceship in which we are all traveling together c) reality is an illusion, albeit a very persistent one d) Earth itself is alive and regulates itself to support life on it Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Topic: Paradigm Evolution within Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. One way to think of a paradigm shift in our own lives is to consider it as a(n) __________. a) scientific method b) reframing of our perspective c) unattainable goal d) loss of identity Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Topic: Reframing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. __________ describes the tendency to think about objects only in the most conventional or familiar ways. a) Blindsight bias b) Functional fixedness c) Locked-in syndrome d) Reality monitoring Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: The Importance of Humor Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

43. Your best friend just failed his psychology exam and is feeling distraught. A good reframe to offer, to help to console him and change his thinking, would be __________. a) convincing him that it is all meaningless b) helping him find the humor in the situation c) reminding him how this could be a valuable learning experience regarding how to improve his studying d) persuading him to ask the professor if he could do some extra credit work to improve his grade Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Topic: Reframing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. Laughing at ourselves is __________ humor, but laughing at the misfortunes of others is __________ humor. a) self-aggrandizing; amusing b) satisfying; congenial c) self-deprecating; hostile d) antagonistic; good-natured Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Topic: The Importance of Humor Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. One way to think of reframing is that it involves __________. a) counting your chickens before they hatch b) putting the cart before the horse c) passing through the eye of a needle d) stepping into another person’s shoes Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Topic: Compassion: Opening Your Heart by Stepping into Their Shoes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

46. __________ refers to the brain’s capacity to change its internal structure by reorganizing neural pathways, connections, and functions based on new experiences. a) Neuroplasticity b) Neuropathy c) Neurogenesis d) Neurology Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Topic: The Map is Not the Territory – Neuroplasticity and the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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47. The capacity of the brain to grow new neurons is called __________. a) neuronal sprouting b) neurogenesis c) neuroproduction d) neuroplasticity Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Topic: The Map is Not the Territory – Neuroplasticity and the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

48. What is a primary brain structure involved in learning and memory? a) medulla oblongata b) occipital lobe c) gracile nucleus d) hippocampus Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Topic: The Map is Not the Territory – Neuroplasticity and the Brain Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

49. __________ is a term used to describe how unused synapses begin to weaken. a) Synaptic cleft b) Paradigm shift c) Neural Darwinism d) Atrophic lateralization Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Topic: The Map is Not the Territory – Neuroplasticity and the Brain Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. Felipe is learning to play a musical instrument. What consequence will his practice and dedication have for his brain? a) It will enhance neuroplasticity. b) It will weaken connections between various brain structures. c) It will cause his synapses to atrophy. d) It will leave his brain unaffected.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Topic: The Map is Not the Territory – Neuroplasticity and the Brain Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

QUIZ: Sensation and Perception EOM Q1.1.1 The fact that we focus our consciousness on only a partial aspect of all that is in front of us is called __________.

A. selective attention B. perception C. sensation D. transduction Consider This: Humans are limited in the amount of information they can take in from the environment and mentally process. 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

EOM Q1.1.2 __________ occurs when our brain interprets sensations and ascribes meaning to them.

A. Perception B. Selective attention C. Distributed processing D. Predictive coding Consider This: Sensation is the process of receiving stimuli from our surroundings; what takes place after that? 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

EOM Q1.1.3 The fact that we see what we expect to see and not necessarily what is there is called __________.

A. selective perception B. perception C. distributed processing D. sensation Consider This: People attend to and process some information at the expense of other information. 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

QUIZ: The Concept of Frames

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EOM Q1.2.1 Humans are adept at developing __________ to help us organize and understand our world.

A. paradigms B. encyclopedias C. alternative facts D. websites Consider This: This concept is sometimes also called a perspective, a mind map, or a schema. 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

EOM Q1.2.2 The ability to create frames of reference __________.

A. is hardwired into our brain B. is unnecessary C. leads to confusion D. leads to criminal behavior Consider This: This ability is fundamental to human information processing. 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

EOM Q1.2.3 When we are unable to place something within a frame of reference, we are __________.

A. confused B. lucky C. in danger D. happy Consider This: How would you feel if you were unable to accomplish this important task of understanding?

1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.2 Describe how paradigms (frames of reference) help us to categorize and interpret our experiences.

QUIZ: Paradigm Shifts and the History of Science EOM Q1.3.1 Scientific development is facilitated by __________.

A. paradigm shifts B. selective perception C. irrational thinking D. the old guard Consider This: This concept was elaborated upon in a landmark book about the philosophy of science. 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

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EOM Q1.3.2 Paradigm shifts __________.

A. are typically met with resistance by the old guard B. are a primary cause of mental illness C. do not exist D. typically happen very easily Consider This: Shifts usually bring with them a substantial amount of change and disruption. 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

EOM Q1.3.3 Paradigm shifts in the field of psychology have __________.

A. typically happened gradually B. been rapid and frequent C. never occurred because the field has not changed since its inception D. been irrelevant Consider This: Recall the paradigms that psychology has adopted over its history. 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

QUIZ: Welcome to Positive Psychology EOM Q1.4.1 The emphasis on studying healthy aspects of human functioning, on effectiveness, and on mental health has been brought together under the heading of __________.

A. positive psychology B. social psychology C. positive physiology D. experimental psychology Consider This: Think about what these various disciplines are likely to have as their focus of study. 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

EOM Q1.4.2 Which of the following is an element in PERMA? A. Accomplishment B. Mental Illness C. Religion D. Assertiveness Consider This: Recall what each letter in this acronym stands for. 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

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EOM Q1.4.3 What interferes with our ability to shift the everyday paradigms in our daily life?

A. the old guard within us B. predictive coding C. thinking outside the box D. open-mindedness Consider This: New habits and new perspectives usually take the place of old habits and old perspectives; the switch is not always smooth. 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

QUIZ: Reframing EOM Q1.5.1 Reframing involves __________.

A. significantly shifting how you look at things or view a problem B. scientific progress in physics C. putting a new frame on an old painting D. always looking on the bright side of things Consider This: Frames, both physical and mental, provide a context for what they surround. 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

EOM Q1.5.2 The process of reframing can be summarized by asking which question?

A. Is there another way of looking at this?

B. Why am I confused?

C. What should I do next?

D. What is in it for me?

Consider This: Changing one’s frame of reference contributes to the process of reframing. 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

EOM Q1.5.3 When you get locked into thinking about things in the most conventional or familiar way it is termed __________.

A. functional fixedness B. reframing C. selective attention D. PERMA Consider This: Sometimes people get “stuck” thinking about only the most obvious use for an object or interpretation of an event. 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

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QUIZ: The Map Is not the Territory – Neuroplasticity and the Brain EOM Q1.6.1 The capacity of the brain to change its internal structure based on new experience is __________.

A. neuroplasticity B. neurogenesis C. epigenetics D. neural Darwinism Consider This: Which term implies “malleable,” “changeable,” or “pliable?” 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

EOM Q1.6.2 The structure in the brain responsible for memory and new learning is the __________.

A. hippocampus B. frontal cortex C. synapses D. gray matter Consider This: This brain structure is larger in London cab drivers than bus drivers, for example. 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

EOM Q1.6.3 Your behavior and experiences can affect whether your genes switch on or off due to the process of __________.

A. epigenetics B. neural Darwinism C. neurogenesis D. the development of brain reserve Consider This: Information coded in your genes helps direct your development, but often other information beyond genetics plays a role. 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

CHAPTER QUIZ: A Reality Check EOC Q1.1 __________ involves receiving stimuli from our environment while __________ involves interpreting these stimuli and giving them meaning.

A. Sensation; perception B. Selective perception; predictive coding C. Perception; sensation D. Selective attention; transduction Consider This: Think about the definitions of each of the terms shown here. 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Skill: Remember

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Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

EOC Q1.2 When the brain makes forecasts about what it is seeing and changes these predictions only when it makes an error, it is engaging in a process called __________.

A. predictive coding B. transduction C. distributed processing D. selective perception Consider This: One of the primary tasks of cognitive processing is looking ahead to understand what is likely to come next. 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

EOC Q1.3 It is estimated that as much as __________ of vision is imagination.

A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80% Consider This: Recall the extent to which vision and imagination overlap. 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.1 Explain how the processes of sensation and perception shape our understanding of external reality.

EOC Q1.4 Major scientific discoveries are usually preceded by a __________.

A. paradigm shift B. feud between rival scientists C. prophetic dream D. natural disaster Consider This: The philosopher Thomas Kuhn wrote an influential book all about this topic. 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.3 Explain the role of paradigm shifts in the history of science and your everyday life.

EOC Q1.5 Frames of reference __________.

A. help us understand and organize our world B. cause us to be confused C. are constantly in flux D. are useless Consider This: A frame—for a painting or otherwise—usually provides boundaries, context, or limits. 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Skill: Remember

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Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

EOC Q1.6 Flexibility in thinking is a component of __________.

A. effectiveness and creativity B. the old guard C. the high-level practice of yoga D. functional fixedness Consider This: A quick and nimble mind sounds like a very good thing. 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

EOC Q1.7 Positive psychology involves the study of __________.

A. mental and emotional health B. mental illness C. the negative effects of positive thinking D. statistics that prohibit inclusion of negative numbers Consider This: “Positive psychology” sounds like it ought to be a very positive kind of pursuit. 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.4 Identify the key elements of Positive Psychology and how they relate to effectiveness.

EOC Q1.8 Which of the following is an example of reframing?

A. seeing the humor in a difficult situation B. engaging in denial C. putting a new frame on an old painting D. detaching and compartmentalizing emotional upset Consider This: “Reframing” usually is not interpreted literally, but rather refers to a cognitive process. 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

EOC Q1.9 Reframing involves __________.

A. shifting how you look at something B. suppressing your thoughts C. making up alternative facts D. asking others what they think about something Consider This: “Re-framing” implies providing a new frame in place of an existing one. 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 1.5 Explain the relationship between reframing and paradigm shifts.

EOC Q1.10 The brain is capable of growing new neurons in a process known as __________.

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A. neurogenesis B. neural Darwinism C. neuroplasticity D. brain reserve Consider This: This process involves the creation of neurons. 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 1.6 Describe neuroplasticity and how to maximize it.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 2 Making Positive Choices 1. __________ is the view that every effect has a cause. a) Positivism b) Empiricism c) Determinism d) Associationism Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. __________ refers to the notion that we can choose how and when to act, ignoring factors that supposedly determine our behaviors. a) Structuralism b) Free will c) Utilitarianism d) Fundamentalism Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Which theoretical approach is a deterministic perspective? a) psychoanalytic theory b) existentialism c) humanism d) cognitive-behavioral perspective Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. Which theoretical approach adopts the free will perspective? a) Behaviorism b) genetics c) Humanism d) Psychoanalysis Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

5. Which theoretical approach adopts the free will perspective? a) Psychoanalysis b) Behaviorism

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) genetics d) Existentialism Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. The concordance rate for schizophrenia is much higher for __________ than it is for __________. a) women; men b) fraternal twins; identical twins c) identical twins; fraternal twins d) men; women Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. “Why do you act that way?” an exasperated Celia asks her friend Maria. “What makes you do what you do?”

“I can’t help it,” Maria replies. “You can’t fight biology; I am who I was made to be.” Which view of human nature is Maria subscribing to? a) genetic determinism b) environmental determinism c) psychic determinism d) existentialism Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

8. Psychoanalytic Theory holds that a person’s current patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior are a product of __________. a) the person’s genetic inheritance b) that person’s early experiences, especially how she or he was raised c) that person’s learning history d) the person’s choices in the moment Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

9. “Why do you act that way?” an exasperated Maria asks her friend Celia. “What makes you do what you do?”

Celia replies, “I’m a product of all I’ve learned in this world. I’m just a blank slate that’s been written all over by conditioning and environmental forces.” Which view of human nature is Celia subscribing to? a) psychic determinism b) Free Will c) Behaviorism d) Humanism Answer: c

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus were proponents of __________, whereas Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers were proponents of __________. a) genetic determinism; psychic determinism b) Behaviorism; Psychoanalysis c) Humanism; Behaviorism d) Existentialism; Humanism Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. How does an S-O-R model of human functioning differ from a traditional Behaviorist model of human functioning? a) The S-O-R model posits that a thinking, choosing organism acts between the onset of a stimulus and the enactment of a response; the Behaviorists model is simply S-R psychology. b) The S-O-R model developed from a blend of Humanism and Existentialism; the behaviorist model was developed primarily from laboratory observations of animals. c) The S-O-R model is based on Psychoanalytic principles such as superego, Oedipus, and repression; the Behaviorist model is based solely on behavior. d) They don’t differ; the S-O-R model is a traditional Behaviorist model of human functioning.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. A mixed view of human nature that combines elements of determinism and free will to “meet in the middle” of those extremes is called __________. a) indeterminism b) soft determinism c) neuroplasticity d) idiography Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Topic: Determinism vs. Free Will Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. A useful paradigm for an effective person to adopt is __________. a) reactivity b) imagination c) displacement d) proactivity Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Proactivity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

14. Proactive individuals tend to __________. a) have an internal locus of control b) feel they have no control over their lives c) be irresponsible d) have an external locus of control Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Locus of Control Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. Saying to someone, “You made me angry,” reflects __________. a) proactivity b) reactivity c) an abandoned locus of control d) genetic determinism Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Locus of Control Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Theodore never wears his seat belt, either while he’s driving or as a passenger in a car. What characteristic is likely to be true of Theodore? a) He is proactive. b) He has an internal locus of control. c) He has an external locus of control d) He copes well with stress.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Locus of Control Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

17. Proactive people are more likely to be __________, whereas reactive people are more likely to be __________. a) pessimists; optimists b) older; younger c) optimists; pessimists d) younger; older Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Locus of Control Difficulty Level: Easy

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

18. Approximately __________ of what we worry about never happens. a) 80 percent b) 60 percent c) 35 percent d) 10 percent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Three Ways to Increase Proactivity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

19. Which statement would a proactive person be likely to make? a) “I feel nervous about my upcoming exam.” b) “The exam is making me nervous.” c) “The exam material will be too difficult.” d) “The week went by too quickly for me to study.”

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Three Ways to Increase Proactivity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

20. Proactive individuals realize that __________. a) they live in a world of broken homes and dashed dreams b) most circumstances are beyond their control c) they are powerless to change their situation in life d) they are ultimately in control of their feelings and emotions Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Three Ways to Increase Proactivity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. Increasing proactive actions involves adopting which habit? a) Surrendering personal control to others. b) Making promises and keeping them. c) Recognizing the futility of effort. d) Decreasing feelings of optimism for the future.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Three Ways to Increase Proactivity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 22. What is the bottom line of proactivity? a) “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” b) “To be effective, you must be willing to do what is necessary.” c) “The ends justify the means.” d) “Death before dishonor.”

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Topic: Three Ways to Increase Proactivity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

23. __________ refers to a person’s self-perception of competence. a) Self-control b) Self-awareness c) Self-esteem d) Self-efficacy Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. __________ is the cognitive component of self-efficacy, and __________ is the behavioral component. a) Self-esteem; self-control b) Reactivity; proactivity c) Locus of control; proactivity d) Understanding; feeling Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

25. What is the basic premise of Social Cognitive theory? a) Humans learn by modeling or copying other humans. b) Reinforcement is necessary for learning to occur. c) Genetics determines behavior. d) Inner conflicts direct human action.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. High levels of self-efficacy are associated with __________. a) less political participation b) lower anxiety c) poorer academic performance d) lower pain tolerance Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: The Practical Impact of Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. How is self-efficacy related to coping with psychological problems? a) Self-efficacy increases the likelihood of experiencing psychological problems. b) Self-efficacy plays a protective role in coping with psychological problems. c) Self-efficacy prevents the occurrence of psychological problems. d) Self-efficacy is unrelated to coping with psychological problems.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: The Practical Impact of Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. How is self-efficacy related to physical health? a) People with low levels of self-efficacy paradoxically have better health than people with high levels of selfefficacy. b) People with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate a greater incidence of healthy behaviors but also a greater incidence of unhealthy behaviors. c) People with high levels of self-efficacy are likely to engage in healthy behaviors and eliminate unhealthy ones. d) Self-efficacy applies to mental health, but is unrelated to physical health.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: The Practical Impact of Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. Velma asks her psychology professor for some effective strategies for increasing her self-efficacy. What will her professor likely tell her? a) “Jump right in to trying the behavior on your own and hope for the best.” b) “Wish, pray, and hope really hard that self-efficacy will come to you and perhaps it will.” c) “Watch other people who have succeeded at the tasks you want to pursue and model their behavior.” d) “Use fear and anxiety as a motivator to force yourself to try harder.”

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: How to Increase Your Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. Pedro asks his psychology professor for some effective strategies for increasing his self-efficacy. What will the professor tell him? a) “Focus only on the future; forget the past and what you’ve done before.” b) “Imagine a time when you failed horribly at a task, and then mentally undo all the things you did in that instance.” c) “Maintain a high level of vigilance and alertness, and use that tension to focus on defeating others at the task at hand.” d) “Recall in vivid detail effective experiences you’ve had in the past.”

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: How to Increase Your Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. Which attribute contributes to increasing self-efficacy? a) a sense of humor b) blocking all memories of the past c) engaging in solitary reflection d) noting bad models and consciously avoiding doing what they do Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: How to Increase Your Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. Jose wants to increase his athletic self-efficacy on the basketball court. After reading about the Social Cognitive model, he studiously observes every move—both on and off the court—of the top celebrity basketball player in the NBA. Which outcome is most likely for Jose? a) He will quickly play just like the NBA star; watching and copying are all it takes to succeed. b) He will avoid playing basketball in school or in the park, and instead quietly imagine himself playing basketball in the darkness of his own bedroom. c) Research shows that it takes 5 months, on average, to achieve any desired level of success; at that time, Jose will have achieved full self-efficaciousness. d) His behavior will fall short of his chosen model because the model provided an unrealistic standard that was very unlikely to be achieved.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Topic: How to Increase Your Self-Efficacy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. “If I don’t get an A on my exam, I’ll flunk out of school!” Maurice wails. “My parents will disown me, I’ll become homeless, and I’ll probably lose my mind!!” What form of irrationality is Maurice displaying? a) controlled thinking b) Type II error c) catastrophizing d) self-efficacy Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. The running commentary that goes through each person’s mind throughout the day has been termed __________. a) self-talk b) defeatist patter c) mental narration d) personal jargon Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. Self-talk tends to be __________ in nature. a) linear b) circular c) parallel d) concave Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. In the S-O-R (Stimulus - Organism - Response) model, where does self-talk occur? a) S b) O c) R d) after the cycle has been completed Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. Which statement represents an irrational belief? a) “Mistakes are sure proof that you are a failure.” b) “Life is a process of learning and growing.” c) “We all need a little help from others sometimes.” d) “Relationships take work to maintain.”

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. Which statement represents a rational substitution for an irrational belief? a) “Everyone needs to like me.” b) “I will be rejected if I don’t constantly please others.” c) “My romantic relationship should be perfect and conflict-free.” d) “I can get along with most people, but I can’t be friends with everyone.”

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. What does the acronym ACT stand for? a) act first, consult second, think third b) always consider truth c) accept your thoughts and feelings, choose your values, take action d) answer the call to help others, consult the ones who love you, talk to those you love

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: What if Cognitive Restructuring Fails to Work?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. A __________ exists when we perceive an association between events that does not really exist. a) cognitive restructuring b) spurious correlation c) positive correlation d) negative correlation Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Correlation  Causation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

41. A strong correlation exists between a person’s risk-taking behavior and that person’s number of tattoos.

What can be conclusively determined from this observation? a) The amount of risk-taking and number of tattoos a person has are associated with one another. b) Greater risk-taking behavior causes people to get more tattoos. c) Having a lot of tattoos causes people to take greater risks. d) A third factor causes both risk-taking behavior and tattoo acquisition.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Correlation  Causation Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. A global citizen __________. a) knows that countries are simply constructs we’ve created b) is able to speak many languages and has visited many cultures c) does not have an affiliation with any particular country d) emphasizes individual choice in an interconnected setting, for the greater good Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Topic: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. Which explanatory style do optimists adopt when explaining a negative outcome in their lives? a) They make attributions that are external, variable, and specific. b) They make attributions that are internal, variable, and global. c) They make attributions that are internal, stable, and global. d) They make attributions that are external, stable, and specific.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: Optimism Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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44. Greater optimism tends to be associated with __________. a) being physically taller b) lowered work productivity c) greater physical health d) greater vulnerability to depression Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: The Benefits of an Optimistic Life Outlook Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

45. How is the Content Analysis of Verbal Explanations (CAVE) technique applied to the study of explanatory style? a) It determines whether a person is likely to succumb to pessimistic thinking (“cave-in”) or marshal the resources needed for optimistic thinking (“excavate”). b) It allows researchers to analyze verbal and written statements by historical figures to estimate how levels of optimism and pessimism might be related to later behavioral outcomes. c) It computes the correlation between optimism and pessimism over time for a single individual, then extrapolates to that person’s social group. d) It analyzes how group-level pessimism leads to faulty decision-making in corporate settings.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: Impact of Optimism on History Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. __________ refers to the belief that nothing can alter one’s circumstances or outcomes, and therefore the only choice is to give up. a) Learned helplessness b) Defensive pessimism c) Illusory correlation d) Deferred optimism Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: Optimism and Effectiveness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. In order to be an effective person, optimism needs to be blended with __________. a) pessimism b) overestimation of positive outcomes c) self-efficacy d) unattainable goals Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: The Limits of Optimism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. Most people believe that the future will be better than either the present or the past. What is this belief called? a) positivity prediction b) optimism bias c) forward feedback d) “Loop 360” Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: The Optimism Bias: How Evolution Has Shaped Brain Functioning Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. __________ are anxious about outcomes in the future, but use their predictions to avoid those outcomes. __________ are negative thinkers in general, and typically experience poor outcomes in life. a) Dispositional pessimists; dispositional optimists b) Dispositional pessimists; defensive pessimists c) Dispositional optimists; defensive pessimists d) Defensive pessimists; dispositional pessimists Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: Defensive Pessimism Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. What is the “Ehrenreich error?” a) confusing optimism that does not influence reality with optimism that can influence reality b) confusing defensive pessimism with dispositional optimism c) equating learned helplessness with an absence of learned optimism d) inferring correlation from causality Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Topic: The Ehrenreich Error Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

QUIZ: Determinism vs. Free Will EOM Q2.1.1 Theories of personality and behavior fall somewhere on a continuum between __________ and __________.

A. determinism; free will B. internal; external C. operant conditioning; classical conditioning D. liberal; conservative Consider This: Which of these dimensions is most likely to apply to personality and behavior? 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

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EOM Q2.1.2 The __________ theory of personality claims that you are who you are because of your learning and reinforcement history.

A. Behaviorist B. Psychoanalytic (Freudian) C. Biological D. Humanistic Consider This: This school of thought emphasized the role of the environment in shaping an individual. 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

EOM Q2.1.3 The __________ theory of personality claims that you are who you are because of your early upbringing.

A. Psychoanalytic B. Behaviorist C. Humanistic D. Biological Consider This: This school of thought emphasized the importance of childhood experiences and internal conflicts in shaping personality. 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

QUIZ: Proactivity EOM Q2.2.1 Students who take responsibility for their performance if they fail a test have a(n) __________ locus of control, while students who blame the teacher if they do poorly have a(n) __________ locus of control.

A. internal; external B. pessimistic, optimistic C. external; internal D. reactive; proactive Consider This: Locus of control varies along a continuum; can you recall what the endpoints of that continuum are? 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

EOM Q2.2.2 Proactivity is a characteristic typical of __________ individuals.

A. effective B. ineffective C. irresponsible D. pessimistic Consider This: Being proactive means exercising freedom of choice. 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult

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Objective: 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

EOM Q2.2.3 In order to increase proactivity, you need to focus on your __________.

A. thoughts, language, and actions B. values, morals, and behaviors C. friends, family, and social media postings D. do’s, don’ts, and manners Consider This: These elements form the basis for most human activities, proactive or otherwise. 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

QUIZ: Self-Efficacy EOM Q2.3.1 The Self-Efficacy model is derived from which learning theory?

A. observational learning or modeling B. operant conditioning C. classical conditioning D. locus of control Consider This: Albert Bandura formulated Social Cognitive theory based on this approach to learning; SelfEfficacy is an outgrowth of that general approach. 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

EOM Q2.3.2 If you want to enhance your personal level of self-efficacy it would be useful to __________.

A. watch others who are successful and study how they behave B. recall failure experiences you have had in vivid detail C. learn how to manipulate people D. avoid copying the behavior of others to preserve your individuality Consider This: Self-efficacy is an outgrowth of observational learning theory. 2.3 Define the concept of selfefficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

EOM Q2.3.3 High levels of self-efficacy __________.

A. play a protective role in physical and psychological health B. are not compatible with proactivity C. are associated with an external locus of control D. require that you never study nor copy the successful behaviors of others.

Consider This: Being self-efficacious sounds like it should be a really good thing. 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult

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Objective: 2.3 Define the concept of self-efficacy and list some of the ways it can be increased.

QUIZ: Dealing with Irrational Self-Talk EOM Q2.4.1 Irrational self-talk typically involves statements that __________ and statements that involve __________.

A. catastrophize; absolutes B. are proactive; reactivity C. disparage; judgments D. are dishonest; wishful thinking Consider This: Irrationality implies a distorted view of one’s situation or circumstances. 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

EOM Q2.4.2 A potent, healthy strategy for defusing irrational thoughts involves __________.

A. cognitive restructuring B. denial and suppression C. repeating positive affirmations to yourself D. exploring correlations Consider This: Active, positive approaches sound better than passive, negative ones. 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

EOM Q2.4.3 Correlation __________.

A. does not necessarily equal causation B. is always spurious C. does not exist in the real world D. is proof of causation Consider This: There is a reason why correlation is called “co-relation” rather than some other term. 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

QUIZ: Keys to Effectiveness: The Power of Positive Thinking EOM Q2.5.1 Defensive pessimists need to __________ and __________ in order to perform their best.

A. worry; plan B. whine; complain C. calm down; detach D. sleep; exercise Consider This: Think about how a pessimistic person might anticipate and defend against threats to the self. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy

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Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOM Q2.5.2 The belief that the future will most likely be better than the past or the present is referred to as __________.

A. the optimism bias B. defensive pessimism C. the negativity bias D. proactivity Consider This: Every cloud has a silver lining; remember, the sun will come out tomorrow. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOM Q2.5.3 The Ehrenreich Error confuses __________ reality with __________ reality.

A. reflexive; non-reflexive B. objective; subjective C. internal; external D. optimistic; pessimistic Consider This: Recall the different versions of reality that a person might focus on. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

CHAPTER QUIZ: Making Positive Choices EOC Q2.1 The combination of an internal locus of control and proactivity can produce a high level of __________.

A. self-efficacy B. reactivity C. irrational self-talk D. defensive pessimism Consider This: Both proactivity and an internal locus of control sound like helpful attributes that should contribute to beneficial outcomes. 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.2 Explain the ways in which the paradigm of proactivity guides the behavior of effective individuals.

EOC Q2.2 Deterministic theories hold that __________.

A. heredity is vitally important B. if you are determined, you will succeed C. free will is an illusion D. our choices determine everything Consider This: What aspect of the human species would be deterministic, affording an individual little control over it? 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult

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Objective: 2.1 Describe the concept of soft determinism and how it relates to positive psychology.

EOC Q2.3 Spurious correlations are often perceived because we unconsciously use __________ to reinforce our preconceived beliefs or stereotypes.

A. selective attention B. irrational self-talk C. proactivity D. cognitive restructuring Consider This: Seeing what you want to see can lead you to conclude what you want to conclude. 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

EOC Q2.4 Optimism is an explanatory style which uses attributions that are __________.

A. external, temporary, and specific B. internal, permanent, and global C. realistic, rational, and permanent D. unrealistic, irrational, and temporary Consider This: The attributions we make for an event can shape our expectations about that event. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOC Q2.5 A reliable relationship between variables is termed __________.

A. a correlation B. a prediction error C. locus of control D. self-efficacy Consider This: A reliable relationship between variables means that they co-occur in some predictable fashion. 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.4 Identify strategies for identifying and replacing irrational beliefs.

EOC Q2.6 The four traits manifested by happy people include: (1) extroversion; (2) healthy self-esteem; (3) an internal locus of control and (4) __________.

A. optimism B. pessimism C. learned helplessness D. reactivity Consider This: Think about traits that are likely to contribute to happiness. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOC Q2.7 Luck is a function of __________.

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A. optimism plus certain personality characteristics B. pessimistic mindset C. random chance D. inheriting money from your relatives Consider This: Luck is not always what you think it is; forces may combine to produce a lucky outcome. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOC Q2.8 The discrepancy between what you expect and what can actually happen is called __________.

A. a prediction error B. a spurious correlation C. external locus of control D. learned helplessness Consider This: Everybody wants to rule the world; but we cannot. What we think should happen or want to have happen is not always what does happen. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOC Q2.9 From an evolutionary standpoint, humans are hardwired to be optimistic because __________.

A. it increases our odds of survival B. defensive pessimism is dangerous C. ignorance is bliss D. of neuroplasticity Consider This: Recall one of the primary tasks that all humans face, according to evolutionary theory. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

EOC Q2.10 Optimism and pessimism __________.

A. can co-exist within the same person B. are mutually exclusive and cannot occur together C. have been experimentally disproven D. have no relationship to effectiveness Consider This: You cannot have yin without yang, black without white, or above without below. 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 2.5 Identify some practical ways to develop an optimistic outlook and lead a more effective life.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 3 Learning to Accept Yourself 1. __________ refers to the way we regard ourselves in a positive or negative light. a) Self-confidence b) Self-concept c) Self-awareness d) Self-esteem Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Concept of Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. __________ refers to a person’s paradigm about herself or himself. a) Self-acceptance b) Self-control c) Self-esteem d) Self-concept Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Concept of Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. According to Carl Rogers, self-esteem results from the discrepancy between the person you feel you should be, known as __________, and the person you feel you actually are, also known as __________. a) the goal self; the established self b) the ideal self; the real self c) the wanted self; the valued self d) the real self; the ideal self Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Concept of Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. Alfred Adler, a Neo-Freudian theorist, thought of people with chronically low self-esteem as having __________. a) an attentive parenting style b) an inferiority complex c) physical illnesses d) schizophrenia Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Concept of Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

5. Having overly high self-esteem based on a grandiose, inflated self-image has been called __________. a) the superiority complex b) the delusional attribute c) “der übermensch” d) learned optimism Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Downside of High Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. What kind of self-orientation applies to members of collectivist cultures? a) a self-critical and self-improving orientation b) a self-sustaining and self-maintaining orientation c) a self-aggrandizing and self-rewarding orientation d) a self-inflated and self-important orientation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: Positive Self-Esteem Is Not Necessarily a Universal Experience Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. A universal concept of self-esteem should include __________ and __________. a) self-evaluation; self-determination b) self-awareness; self-confidence c) self-liking; self-competence d) self-importance; other-directedness Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: Positive Self-Esteem Is Not Necessarily a Universal Experience Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. Ideally, what should self-worth be based on? a) intelligence b) reasoning ability c) nothing d) physical appearance Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Question of Self-Worth Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. Self-esteem based on specific attributes or a particular domain of achievement is known as __________. a) non-contingent self-esteem b) self-concept

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) applied self-acceptance d) contingent self-esteem Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Question of Self-Worth Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

10. Dominic is riddled by low self-esteem. He “hears” an inner voice that constantly tells him he is likely to fail, that he is no good, and that he should give up. This negative inner voice has been called __________. a) the pathological critic b) the hypercritical self c) the demoralizing agent d) the voice of a generation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Pathological Critic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. Sandra believes that she is a person of worth, at least on an equal basis with others. She is capable of working well as a team member, and she is generous with her praise for others. Sandra is proactive in her interactions and tries to always keep her word. What is most likely to be true about Sandra’s view of herself? a) Sandra has an underdeveloped self-concept. b) Sandra has low self-esteem. c) Sandra has healthy self-esteem. d) Sandra has an inferiority complex.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Pathological Critic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. Amelia is fearful of taking risks that may lead to failure. She does not feel she has much to be proud of, and certainly feels useless at times. She doubts herself, has feelings of guilt, and has difficulty communicating her needs to others. What is most likely to be true about Amelia’s view of herself? a) Amelia’s real self is close to her ideal self. b) Amelia has low self-esteem. c) Amelia has an inflated sense of self-importance. d) Amelia has healthy self-esteem.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Topic: The Pathological Critic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. Identical twins reared __________ are much more similar in traits such as shyness, intelligence, or neuroticism, than are fraternal twins reared __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) in the 1950s; in the 2010s b) in isolation; in a nurturing environment c) on the West coast; on the East coast d) apart; together Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: The Roots of Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Self-esteem is a product of both __________ and __________. a) learning; conditioning b) biology; genetics c) genetics; environment d) self-awareness; self-control Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: The Roots of Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

15. When Casey headed off for college, her father took a moment to remind her of a few facts: “Remember that I’ll always love you, no matter what. You’ll make mistakes and you’ll need some help along the way, but I’ll always look out for you. I don’t care what major you pursue—education, social work, English literature—I’ll still care about you and value you for who you are.” What is Casey’s father expressing toward her? a) unconditional positive regard b) acknowledgement of her attentive self c) a blueprint for an ideal self d) conditions of worth Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

16. Peter laments to his friend, “I’ve got to make an A in Organic Chemistry. If I don’t get a top grade, I’ll be a failure to myself and a disgrace to my parents!” According to Carl Rogers, what is Peter applying to himself? a) conditions of worth b) self-discrepancy c) unconditional positive regard d) a malevolent attitude Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

17. When children are treated badly, they can develop __________, a belief that they are surrounded by enemies. a) narcissism b) the malevolent attitude c) depression

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) self-denial Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. Marcie rules her household with an iron fist. Her children know that there are two paths they can go by: her way or the highway. Marcie performs a weekly cleanliness inspection of her children’s rooms, and posts a daily chart of infractions and demerits earned by her offspring. Which parenting style does Marcie practice? a) authoritative b) permissive-indifferent c) authoritarian d) permissive-indulgent Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Farley is largely uninvolved in his daughter’s life. He knows she plays in the school orchestra (but he can’t recall whether she plays saxophone or clarinet) and is probably doing well in her classes, but beyond that he’s content to let her do what she wants while he pursues his business interests and personal hobbies. Which parenting style does Farley practice? a) authoritative b) permissive-indifferent c) authoritarian d) permissive-indulgent Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. Agnes loves her children very much, and gives them whatever they want, even if they don’t ask for it. She doesn’t believe in rules or limits for her children, and allows them to come and go as they please. Which parenting style does Agnes practice? a) authoritative b) permissive-indifferent c) authoritarian d) permissive-indulgent Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

21. Alvin is very involved in his daughter’s life; he knows who her friends are, how she’s doing in school, what she wants to be when she grows up, and the kinds of experiences that make her happy. He sets reasonable rules for her and expects them to be followed; then they aren’t, appropriate consequences are applied in a context of learning and growth. Which parenting style does Alvin practice? a) authoritative

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) permissive-indifferent c) authoritarian d) permissive-indulgent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

22. Which parenting style is the most effective for fostering self-esteem in a child? a) authoritative b) permissive-indifferent c) authoritarian d) permissive-indulgent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. In a longitudinal study of 700 children raised in dysfunctional homes, which factor contributed to their resilience? a) The children applied a single frame of reference to their varied experiences. b) The children took an active approach to problem solving. c) The children were skilled at forcing their parents to pay attention to them, often by acting up. d) The children practiced defensive pessimism.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. What conclusion can be reached about parenting styles and their application to child-rearing? a) Authoritarian parents are authoritarian throughout and apply that parenting style successfully to all children. b) No parenting style can be identified as being more or less successful than another. c) Parents should uniformly apply the same parenting style to all their children over the course of child-rearing. d) Each child is different and parents must, by necessity, behave differently with each child.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Topic: Parental Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. Moving toward one’s ideal self but never quite reaching it is called “__________.” a) dreaming the impossible dream b) Seward’s folly c) The Process of Becoming d) the existential crisis Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: How to Boost Your Self-Esteem

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. A person with healthy self-esteem realizes that the real self is __________. a) in an everlasting process of change b) only an illusion c) fixed and immutable d) identical to self-concept Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: How to Boost Your Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. What is an important first step in boosting self-esteem? a) surrounding ourselves with people who will tell us what we want to hear b) rejecting the concept of an ideal self and focusing on self-achievement c) isolating the self from social interaction d) examining one’s paradigm to identify unrealistic expectations and irrational thoughts Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Uncovering Irrational Beliefs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

28. Albert Ellis described the absolute nature of irrational beliefs as __________. a) the wisdom of the crowd b) the tyranny of the shoulds c) a conglomerate of wants d) the federation of oughts Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Uncovering Irrational Beliefs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. Which statement represents a pathological should? a) I will sometimes feel sad or lonely. b) I am constantly developing. c) I am doing the best that I can. d) I should never make mistakes.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Uncovering Irrational Beliefs Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 30. Trixie has healthy self-esteem. What kind of self-talk is she likely to hear inside her mind? a) “You’re only as good as your last triumph.” b) “Everyone likes and admires you.” c) “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” d) “You can’t make a single mistake, ever.”

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Overcoming the Tyranny of the Shoulds Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. When people fall prey to __________, they look for verification to support their existing opinions of themselves. a) self-discrepancy b) cognitive distortions c) the fundamental attribution error d) wishful thinking Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Overcoming the Tyranny of the Shoulds Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. What is the best way to define a mistake? a) something done which, upon later reflection, would have been done differently b) an error in judgment that has substantial consequences for the person who made it c) an objectively wrong decision d) a failure to act in a way that should have been predetermined and knowable Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Alternative Ways of Framing Mistakes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. All decisions are made on the basis of __________ information, therefore __________ are inevitable. a) erroneous; mistakes b) insufficient; mistakes c) sufficient; successes d) distorted; successes Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Alternative Ways of Framing Mistakes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. How can a person avoid repeating the same mistakes? a) by favoring inaction over action b) by applying the same paradigm to similar situations

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) by expanding awareness and gathering more data before acting d) by deflecting threats to self-esteem Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Alternative Ways of Framing Mistakes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. What is one handy way to learn a great deal? a) Recognize that errors are a sign of inferiority. b) Strive for perfection in all things. c) Never try anything new. d) Make a lot of mistakes.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Alternative Ways of Framing Mistakes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

36. Ingo Larsen knew he didn’t study hard enough for his astronomy exam and his poor grade on the test confirmed that. He used that outcome as a reminder and a prompt to improve his study habits. Which aspect of “making a mistake” did Ingo apply? a) The mistake was a warning. b) The mistake occurred spontaneously. c) The mistake was a confirmation of his imperfection. d) The mistake was not his fault.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Alternative Ways of Framing Mistakes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. Glen Schiraldi’s “Nevertheless” technique __________. a) helps a person to remember to be a global citizen b) helps a person to acknowledge mistakes while simultaneously affirming basic self-worth c) helps a person to never see the negative part of a situation d) focuses on the failure to finish a task Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: Alternative Ways of Framing Mistakes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. Engaging in service or volunteer work can enhance self-esteem due to the __________. a) feel good/do good effect b) do good/feel good effect c) Musselman effect d) tyranny of the shoulds

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Topic: The Pursuit of Self-Compassion Rather than Self-Esteem Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. What two components contribute to character? a) shoulds and oughts b) self-esteem and self-awareness c) virtues and signature strengths d) mystery and imagination Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Enhancing Your Self-Esteem: Core Virtues and Signature Strengths Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. __________ are traits and behaviors that can be developed by exercising proactive choice. a) Signature strengths b) Pockets of excellence c) Values d) Nodes of competence Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Enhancing Your Self-Esteem: Core Virtues and Signature Strengths Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

41. Which statement regarding character is correct? a) People have a choice about their character. b) Character is inborn and cannot be developed. c) There is no relationship between character and self-esteem. d) Signature strengths represent talents that have been fully developed.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Enhancing Your Self-Esteem: Core Virtues and Signature Strengths Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. According to Marty Seligman, the signature strength that is closest to wisdom is __________. a) emotional intelligence b) curiosity c) perspective d) judgment Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Wisdom and Knowledge—Cognitive Strengths involving the acquisition and use of knowledge

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. There are seven signature strengths identified under the core virtue of Wisdom and Knowledge. Which strength(s) belong(s) under that heading? a) leadership b) bravery and valor c) kindness and generosity d) love of learning Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Wisdom and Knowledge—Cognitive Strengths involving the acquisition and use of knowledge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. There are three signature strengths identified under the core virtue of Courage. Which strength(s) belong(s) under that heading? a) forgiveness and mercy b) perseverance and industriousness c) critical thinking d) creativity Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Courage—Emotional Strengths involving the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of external or internal opposition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. There are two signature strengths identified under the core virtue of Humanity. Which strength(s) belong(s) under that heading? a) leadership b) love of learning c) kindness and generosity d) honesty and integrity Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Humanity—Interpersonal Strengths involving tending and befriending others Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. There are three signature strengths identified under the core virtue of Justice. Which strength belongs under that heading? a) integrity b) creativity c) curiosity d) leadership Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Justice—Civic Strengths that support healthy community life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

47. There are three signature strengths identified under the core virtue of Temperance. Which strengths belong under that heading? a) honesty and integrity b) humility and modesty c) wisdom and intelligence d) perseverance and industriousness Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Temperance—Self-Regulatory Strengths that protect against excess Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. There are seven signature strengths identified under the core virtue of Transcendence. Which strengths belong under that heading? a) humor and playfulness b) humility and modesty c) honesty and integrity d) perspective Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Transcendence—Metaphysical Strengths that forge connections to the larger universe and provide meaning Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. The core virtue of __________ involves the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition. a) Justice b) Humanity c) Wisdom d) Courage Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Topic: Courage—Emotional Strengths involving the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of external or internal opposition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

50. Virtue carried to an extreme can become __________. a) a talent b) a ritual c) a crutch d) a vice Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: A Cautionary Note: When Virtue Becomes Vice Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: The Concept of Self-Esteem EOM Q3.1.1 Your __________ refers to your paradigm about yourself whereas your __________ refers to the degree to which you regard yourself in a favorable or unfavorable light.

A. self-concept; self-esteem B. ideal self; real self C. self-esteem; ideal self D. self-esteem; self-concept Consider This: There are many aspects of self-awareness and self-knowledge. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOM Q3.1.2 Chronically low self-esteem leads to a(n) __________.

A. inferiority complex B. superiority complex C. self-concept D. ideal self Consider This: Alfred Adler, a Neo-Freudian theorist, proposed this concept. 3.1 Define the concept of selfesteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOM Q3.1.3 Your self-esteem results from the discrepancy between __________.

A. your real self and your ideal self B. your self-concept and your self-worth C. your inferiority complex and your real self D. your real self and your self-concept Consider This: Carl Rogers proposed this definition of self-esteem, noting that how we see ourselves is not always the optimal way we’d like to see ourselves. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

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Quiz: The Roots of Self-Esteem EOM Q3.2.1 Which type of parenting creates the most opportunities for the development of healthy self-esteem?

A. authoritative parenting B. laissez-faire parenting C. permissive-indifferent parenting D. authoritarian parenting Consider This: Different parenting styles meet with more or less success in parent-child interactions, but this particular style is generally quite successful. 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

EOM Q3.2.2 According to Carl Rogers, children develop positive self-esteem when parents show them __________.

A. unconditional positive regard B. conditional positive regard C. the malevolent attitude D. conditions of worth Consider This: This concept was the basis for much of Carl Rogers’s theorizing. 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

EOM Q3.2.3 Which of the following statements applies to self-esteem?

A. Children can develop healthy self-esteem even if raised in dysfunctional environments.

B. Your self-esteem is purely a function of your genetics.

C. Permissive-indulgent parents never spoil their children.

D. Authoritative parenting produces low levels of self-esteem in children.

Consider This: Human beings are remarkably resilient. 3.2 Identify the various influences on our selfesteem.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Quiz: How to Boost Your Self-Esteem EOM Q3.3.1 To overcome the tyranny of the shoulds __________.

A. use cognitive restructuring to challenge these irrational expectations B. deliberately violate your own rules for yourself C. obey your pathological critic D. frequently repeat positive affirmations to yourself Consider This: Unreasonable beliefs can undermine self-esteem; what seems like an effective strategy to counteract such beliefs? 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

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EOM Q3.3.2 One of the most important differences between individuals with healthy self-esteem and those with low selfesteem is __________.

A. in the nature and content of their self-talk B. whether they are happily married or in a satisfying relationship C. whether they are physically attractive D. their bank account balance Consider This: The way we feel about ourselves involves the stories we tell ourselves. 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

EOM Q3.3.3 Which of the following facilitates the development of healthy self-esteem?

A. unconditional positive regard in your upbringing B. the pathological critic C. conditions of worth in your upbringing D. the tyranny of the shoulds Consider This: Healthy self-esteem, like so many personal attributes, grows and develops over time in a nurturing environment. 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of selfesteem.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

Quiz: Enhancing Your Self-Esteem: Core Virtues and Signature Strengths EOM Q3.4.1 Signature strengths refer to __________.

A. traits and behaviors that you can develop by exercising proactive choice B. your talents C. negative aspects of your character D. areas to ignore so you can focus on improving your weaknesses Consider This: Behaviors and attitudes that you can choose and develop which represent identifying aspects of your character. 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

EOM Q3.4.2 The positive psychology approach to enhancing your self-esteem involves __________.

A. developing and using your signature strengths B. dwelling on your mistakes C. focusing on and improving your weaknesses D. ignoring your faults Consider This: Positive psychology encourages an individual to cultivate and utilize her or his innate characteristics. 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy

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Objective: 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

EOM Q3.4.3 Which of the following applies to signature strengths?

A. Virtue overdone can turn into vice.

B. Kindness and generosity are not signature strengths.

C. Signature strengths are genetically based talents.

D. Artistic or musical talents are signature strengths of character.

Consider This: A little is enough; sometimes too much of a good thing isn’t so good anymore. Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.4 Identify the core virtues of good character, their corresponding signature strengths, and how they relate to self-esteem.

Chapter Quiz: Learning to Accept Yourself EOC Q3.1 Self -esteem is __________.

A. a measure of how much you value yourself B. your paradigm about yourself C. a measure of how popular you are D. an indication of how financially successful you are Consider This: Self-esteem involves an assessment of the self. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOC Q3.2 According to Carl Rogers, your ideal self is __________.

A. the person you want to be B. the person you actually are C. a global citizen D. the person your parents want you to be Consider This: People hold ideals about a lot of things; an ideal job, an ideal romantic partner, an ideal living situation. Idealism has a core attribute that pervades these examples. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOC Q3.3 Regarding self-esteem, it is best to have __________.

A. multiple sources or contingencies of self-worth B. your primary source of self-worth revolve around your physical appearance C. a minimum of three and a maximum of five sources or contingencies of self-worth D. one strong source or contingency of self-worth Consider This: Farmers tend to carry their eggs in several baskets, just in case one basket proves to be faulty. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate

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Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOC Q3.4 One of the best ways to enhance your self-esteem is __________.

A. to develop self-compassion B. make more money C. get a make-over or lose weight D. brag about yourself Consider This: Self-esteem implies nurturing the self. 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

EOC Q3.5 The inner voice which evaluates and judges our actions and ourselves has been called __________.

A. the pathological critic B. the superiority complex C. the inferiority complex D. the ideal self Consider This: Sometimes our inner voices are not so complimentary. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOC Q3.6 The most potent and effective self-esteem is that which is __________.

A. non-contingent B. contingent upon your appearance C. contingent upon your material possessions D. contingent upon your accomplishments Consider This: There are no strings attached to this hint; take it, free and clear. 3.1 Define the concept of selfesteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOC Q3.7 Mistakes are __________.

A. feedback – a valuable part of the learning process B. always avoidable C. proof that your real self and your ideal self will never come close to a match D. a result of the pathological critic Consider This: “We get very little wisdom from success” – William Saroyan. 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.3 Describe the various steps and strategies used to facilitate a healthy level of self-esteem.

EOC Q3.8 Which of the following is useful for boosting your self-esteem?

A. using reframing techniques, especially regarding alternative ways of viewing mistakes B. using selective perception to support your existing beliefs about yourself

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C. obeying the tyranny of the shoulds D. vowing to accept all that your pathological critic has to say Consider This: Answering this question correctly all depends on how you look at it. 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Easy Objective: 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

EOC Q3.9 Healthy self-esteem is associated with __________.

A. being able to accept constructive criticism B. fear of risk taking C. being conceited D. rejecting constructive criticism Consider This: A word of advice: Think back to what you read regarding how healthy self-esteem develops. 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.1 Define the concept of self-esteem and explain its relationship to personal effectiveness.

EOC Q3.10 Permissive-indifferent parents __________.

A. are uninvolved in their child’s life B. are very involved in their child’s life while failing to set limits or provide meaningful controls over their child’s behavior C. are warm and nurturing and set appropriate limits for their children D. have a restrictive, punitive style of parenting focusing on following rules Consider This: Think about what the terms defining this parenting style mean in daily life. 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 3.2 Identify the various influences on our self-esteem.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 4 Pursuing Accomplishment Through Character Development 1. The __________ proposed that success in life was based on intelligence and talent. a) efficiency principle b) mental merit theory c) cognitive hypothesis d) Forbin Project Answer: c Learning Objective: Introduction Topic: What Leads to Success?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. How do the intelligence test scores (IQ) of people who completed a General Equivalency Diploma (GED) compare with people who graduated from high school? a) GED students have slightly higher IQs compared with high school graduates. b) GED students have substantially lower IQs compared with high school graduates. c) GED students have substantially higher IQs compared with high school graduates. d) GED students and high school graduates are equally intelligent as measured by IQ. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: What Leads to Success?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

3. How do the employment prospects of people who completed a General Equivalency Diploma (GED) compare with those of people who dropped out of high school? a) GED students and people who dropped out of high school have similar employment prospects. b) GED students have substantially better employment prospects compared with people who dropped out of high school. c) GED students have substantially worse employment prospects compared with people who dropped out of high school. d) GED students have slightly better employment prospects compared with people who dropped out of high school.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: What Leads to Success?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4. How do college enrollment and graduation rates among students in the United States compare? a) U.S. students have high enrollment rates and high graduation rates. b) U.S. students have high enrollment rates but low graduation rates. c) U.S. students have low enrollment rates but high graduation rates. d) U.S. students have low enrollment rates and low graduation rates.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: What Leads to Success?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

5. Beyond intelligence, the ability to successfully earn a college degree depends on __________. a) luck and knowing the right people b) taking easy classes and cheating c) self-control and perseverance d) being in the right place at the right time Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: What Leads to Success?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

6. In Positive Psychology, flourishing refers to __________. a) optimal functioning b) a dramatic speaking style c) having good coping skills d) working harder, not smarter Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: Positive Psychology and the Study of Character Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. The A in PERMA represents __________. a) actuality b) accomplishment c) acceptance d) abandonment Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: Positive Psychology and the Study of Character Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

8. How does PERMA relate to flourishing? a) Fully-flourishing individuals know that PER needs to come first, followed by MA after a baseline has been established. b) To fully flourish, a person needs to be high in any one of the PERMA elements. c) Without being high in all five PERMA elements, research shows that the ability to fully flourish cannot take place. d) To fully flourish, it is helpful to be high in all five PERMA elements; however, it is possible to flourish without an emphasis on all five.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.1 Explain the role of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Topic: Positive Psychology and the Study of Character Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. __________ refers to a desire for a goal, whereas __________ refers to the ability to do what is necessary to achieve the goal. a) Motivation; volition

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) Yearning; striving c) Wanting; willing d) Desire; ability Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: Motivation and Volition Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

10. Clancy is offered $100 immediately for participating in a public opinion poll, but he is told he will be paid $200 if he waits to collect his money until the following week after the poll is completed. Clancy decides to wait and collect the larger amount. Which attribute is Clancy demonstrating by his decision? a) accomplishment b) engagement c) deferring gratification d) flourishing Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: Self-Control and Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. Which equation represents the invaluable role of character in accomplishment? a) Volition = Effort X Motivation X Accomplishment b) Achievement = Skill X Effort c) Talk – Action = Zero d) PERMA / ACT = GRIT Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: Perseverance: The Role of Effort in Achievement Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. Some evidence claims that creative accomplishments can only be reached after __________ and that true mastery of a discipline comes after __________ of practice. a) 2 years; 20,000 hours b) 5 years; 5,000 hours c) 7 years; 17,000 hours d) 10 years; 10,000 hours Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: Perseverance: The Role of Effort in Achievement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

13. A tourist stopped a resident on the busy streets of New York City. “Can you tell me how I can get to Carnegie Hall?” he asked. “Practice, practice, practice!” the resident replied. What principle of flourishing does this anecdote illustrate?

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) High level expertise is not a function of genius, but rather flows from the amount of time and energy spent in deliberate practice. b) Achievement results from character, but character results from perseverance. c) Accomplishment is the result of working hard but also being lucky; never underestimate the power of being in the right place at the right time. d) Being smart is what it takes to achieve; success is measured in terms of IQ points rather than how many drops of sweat were generated during practice.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: Perseverance: The Role of Effort in Achievement Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Which signature strengths contribute to grit? a) humility plus modesty b) integrity plus curiosity c) passion plus perseverance d) caution plus humor Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: The Power of Grit: Passion + Perseverance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. How is grit related to measures of intelligence (IQ)? a) High grit scores are positively associated with high IQ scores. b) High grit scores are negatively associated with high IQ scores. c) Grit and IQ show a curvilinear relationship. d) Grit is not related to IQ. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: The Power of Grit: Passion + Perseverance Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

16. Which attribute is a common block to accomplishment? a) temperance b) procrastination c) volition d) grit Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Topic: Overcoming Blocks to Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. If you engage in Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) you will __________. a) minimize goal directed efforts

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) visualize a positive outcome while simultaneously focusing on potential obstacles and planning how to overcome them c) develop all seven of the essential signature strengths for achievement d) automatically develop grit Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

18. The problem with strategies for success that focus purely on visualization is that __________. a) the need for effort is not emphasized b) visualization is not helpful c) not everyone can visualize d) seeing is believing Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. In the Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) system, induluging refers to __________. a) focusing on obstacles to attaining a goal b) vividly imagining a future outcome c) gathering resources for future goal attainment d) spending time to develop one’s character Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

20. Norman really wants to become a professional fly fisherman, so he makes an exhaustive list of all the blocks and obstacles that might prevent him from doing so. Each day he reviews that list and mentally rehearses it, so he’s certain he hasn’t missed any impediments that might stop him. In the Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) system, which strategy is Norman using? a) indulging b) restructuring c) inciting d) dwelling Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. In the Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) system, indulging and dwelling operating in a strategic combination are effective, but only after __________. a) the goal has been achieved b) character has been fully formed c) sufficient motivation to pursue the goal exists d) accomplishment becomes the dominant signature strength

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. In the Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) system, if/then statements link __________ with __________. a) goals; obstacles that prevent them b) obstacles; ways to overcome them c) volition; motives d) goals; plans Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. In the Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) system, WOOP refers to __________. a) We Only Operate Positively b) Wanting, Overwanting, Obsessing, and Pursuing c) Willpower, Obliteration, Overcoming, and Persistence d) Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, and Plan Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. What does SWOOP add to WOOP? a) Success b) Strategy c) Stability d) Structure Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. Which region of the brain is the site of most executive functions? a) the occipital lobe b) the medulla oblongata c) the prefrontal cortex d) the cerebellum Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Topic: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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26. Which statement correctly summarizes the relationship between time and effective accomplishment? a) You should practice time management. b) You should make more time during the day. c) You should need more time. d) You should manage yourself in time.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Managing Yourself in Time: How to Use Your Time Wisely Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. The Pareto principle is also known as __________.

A) the 50/50 rule B) the 80/20 rule C) all-or-nothing rule D) the 20/20 rule Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Eight Strategies for Success Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. Which statement correctly summarizes the Pareto principle? a) Eighty percent of the benefit of pursuing a task comes from completing 20 percent of the work. b) Fifty percent of time devoted to a task is actually, in hindsight, wasted time. c) The first 20 percent of a job is difficult; the remaining 20 percent chunks (adding to 100 percent) are easier. d) Work harder, not smarter.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Eight Strategies for Success Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. Which strategy for success follows directly from the Pareto principle? a) throw it out b) focus on one thing at a time c) get organized d) focus first on high priority items Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Eight Strategies for Success Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. Patti needs to go to the bank downtown; pick up her dry cleaning up north; drop off donations a little south of the dry cleaners; pay bills, check email, and organize her taxes; and pick up the kids midtown after school. She spends her morning paying bills and organizing her papers; hits the dry cleaners and donations half an hour before school lets out; picks up the kids; and saves the bank for the next day, when she’s headed downtown for lunch. Which strategy for success is Patti demonstrating? a) Do it when you think of it.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) Finish it fully. c) Group related tasks and do them together. d) Create a personal mission statement.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Eight Strategies for Success Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. An adage known as Parkinson’s Law tells us that work expands to fill the available time; if you think you’ve got 3 hours to complete a simple and straightforward task, it will take 3 hours to do it. Which strategy for success can combat that tendency? a) Develop and use timetables. b) Get rid of unnecessary papers. c) Throw it out. d) Focus on one thing at a time.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Eight Strategies for Success Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

32. When faced with making a choice, having too much information can produce a paralyzing effect and lead to poorer decision making. What is this outcome called? a) data abundance b) decision fatigue c) mental collapse d) judgment failure Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Common Time Wasters and Effective Antidotes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. What is an effective strategy to reduce the effects of worrying as a time-waster impeding effectiveness? a) Try to put the worries out of your mind. b) Let worries enter your mind as they come up and think them through fully. c) Schedule a “worrying appointment” and spend that time worrying. d) Focus on worrying at the start of each task to get the worries out of the way.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Common Time Wasters and Effective Antidotes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. Rhoda knows she is a “night owl.” Her peak performance time starts when the sun goes down, and she schedules most of her brain work and difficult tasks for that period. What strategy is Rhoda using effectively? a) recharging her batteries b) feeling responsible for everything c) working with her body rhythms d) attempting to do things perfectly Answer: c

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Common Time Wasters and Effective Antidotes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. Pauline notices that every time she rides in Reggie’s car, he has a book in the back seat; sometimes a textbook, sometimes a paperback, sometimes fiction, but always a book. One day she asks Reggie why that was. “Simple,” Reggie replies. “Whenever I have to drive to an appointment or meeting, the first thing I do is grab the book before I head into the obligation. That way I always have something to do if someone is running late.” What strategy for success is Reggie following? a) using a worrying appointment b) working with his body rhythms c) avoiding getting stuck waiting d) recharging his batteries Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Topic: Common Time Wasters and Effective Antidotes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

36. The two aspects that define any activity are __________ and __________. a) urgency; importance b) recency; potency c) proximity; success d) completion; reduction Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. Which task represents a Quadrant I activity that is urgent and important? a) relationship building b) networking c) pleasant activities d) projects with deadlines Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

38. According to Steven Covey’s prioritization system, Quadrant II tasks are __________. a) urgent and important b) non-urgent but important c) urgent but not important d) neither urgent nor important Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

39. According to Steven Covey’s prioritization system, Quadrant IV tasks (neither urgent nor important) involve primarily __________. a) meetings b) prevention and maintenance c) crises d) busywork Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. According to Steven Covey’s prioritization system, the key to effective personal time management is to __________. a) maximize time spent on Q II activities b) minimize time spent on Q II activities c) maximize time spent on Q I activities c) maximize Q III activities and minimize Q IV activities Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. To enable more time spent in Quadrant II (Q II) activities, a person should __________. a) refuse to answer the telephone b) take power naps c) subtract time from Q III and Q IV d) focus on worries before task completion Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

42. Juanita is engaged in long-range planning and building relationships with work clients. According to Steven Covey’s prioritization system, in which quadrant is Juanita operating?

A) Q I B) Q II C) Q III D) Q IV Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. What is the main cause of procrastination? a) lack of character

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) low intelligence c) depression d) low frustration tolerance Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Understand the causes and methods for overcoming procrastination.

Topic: Enhancing Volition: Overcoming Procrastination Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

44. Writing a 50-item test bank is difficult work. It’s much easier to put off writing until tomorrow, when inspiration strikes, rewards are available, or mistakes can be avoided. However, it’s even easier still to write 50 test items by first writing 5 test items, then another set of 5, and then another set of 5. What does this strategy represent? a) the bits and pieces approach b) getting organized c) the five-minute method d) viewing mistakes as feedback Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Understand the causes and methods for overcoming procrastination.

Topic: Six Steps to Overcoming Procrastination Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. Yvette is having a difficult time getting started on a book report that is due tomorrow. Although the whole task should not take more than one hour to complete, she keeps putting off beginning her work. What should she do in order to get started? a) Get organized. b) Use the bits and pieces approach. c) Use the five-minute method. d) View mistakes as feedback.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Understand the causes and methods for overcoming procrastination.

Topic: Six Steps to Overcoming Procrastination Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. What is the Premack Principle? a) Work expands to fill the available time. b) Any enjoyable activity can be used as a reward for completing a task that tends to be put off. c) Eighty percent of the benefit of pursuing a task comes from completing 20 percent of the work. d) The past is gone, the future is now.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.6 Understand the causes and methods for overcoming procrastination.

Topic: Six Steps to Overcoming Procrastination Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. Shelby wants to remember the names of the bones in the inner ear. “Anvil,” she mutters. “Hmm, I really like that Canadian heavy metal band ANVIL. ‘Stirrup’….’rup’ sounds like ‘Rush,’ another amazing Canadian band.

‘Hammer’….that’s like Hammer of the Gods, the biography about Led Zeppelin! Got it! Anvil, Rush, Zeppelin is Anvil, Stirrup, Hammer!” What retention strategy is Shelby using? a) distributive learning b) rote memorization

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) sleeping on it d) elaborative rehearsal Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Topic: Improving Memory Retention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. __________ occurs when new learning interferes with previous learning; __________ occurs when previously learned material interferes with the retention of newly learned material. a) Proactive interference; retroactive interference b) Spaced practice; massed practice c) Retroactive interference; proactive interference d) Massed practice; spaced practice Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Topic: Improving Memory Retention Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. What are the four “R’s” in the SQ4R method of learning? a) Read, Recite, Review, Reflect b) Retain, Remember, Retain, Repeat c) Reaction, Remembrance, Recitation, Responsibility d) Recognize, Reorganize, Remember, Retain Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Topic: An Effective Study Method – The SQ4R Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. __________ refers to developing strategies for guessing that can help increase the likelihood of selecting the correct answer, especially on multiple choice items such as this one. a) Incisiveness b) Testwiseness c) Personal clarity d) Stratego Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Topic: The Art of Taking Tests Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: What Leads to Success?

EOM Q4.1.1 Success is primarily a function of __________.

A. character B. luck C. being born into the right family D. intelligence Consider This: Success is largely determined by internal rather than external factors. 4.1 Explain the roles of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.1 Explain the roles of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

EOM Q4.1.2 __________ is an important aspect of flourishing as summarized by PERMA. A. Accomplishment B. Cognitive ability C. Wealth D. Religion Consider This: Think about the letters that comprise PERMA and the answer should be obvious. 4.1 Explain the roles of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.1 Explain the roles of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

EOM Q4.1.3 Positive Psychology resurrected the study of __________ in psychology.

A. character B. talents C. epigenetics D. genetics Consider This: If you recall what signature strengths comprise, you will have your answer. 4.1 Explain the roles of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.1 Explain the roles of character vs. intelligence/talent relative to success.

Quiz: The Seven Key Character Strengths for Accomplishment EOM Q4.2.1 The most important signature strength for accomplishment is __________.

A. self-control B. curiosity C. bravery

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

D. gratitude Consider This: Take a deep breath, gather your wits about you, keep your emotions in check, and you should be able to identify the correct answer. 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

EOM Q4.2.2 Achievement = __________ x __________.

A. Skill; Effort B. Luck; Effort C. IO; EQ D. Optimism; Curiosity Consider This: Assuming complex psychological constructs can be reduced to a simple formula, can you recall what that formula is? Put a little work into it. 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

EOM Q4.2.3 The mechanics of achievement involve both __________ and __________, both of which are necessary but neither of which is sufficient.

A. motivation; volition B. talent; skill C. high IQ; motivation D. grit; sweat equity Consider This: You have to want it and you have to do what is necessary to achieve it. 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Quiz: How to Enhance Self-Motivation: The Role of Visualization EOM Q4.3.1 The various forms of MCII utilize __________ and __________ together in strategic combination.

A. indulgence; dwelling B. self-control; self-indulgence C. IQ; EQ D. motivation; volition Consider This: First recall what MCII stands for, then think about what that process would rely on. 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

EOM Q4.3.2 Why do MCII or SWOOP work?

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

A. They help you set rules for yourself and activate the executive functions of your brain.

B. They automatically improve your volition.

C. They automatically enhance your motivation.

D. They deactivate your self-control.

Consider This: Rely on planning, judgment, focusing, screening out distractions, and integrating information to answer this question correctly. 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

EOM Q4.3.3 The full SWOOP strategy for enhancing motivation involves __________.

A. visualizing success, goals, and plans to overcome obstacles B. visualizing success C. goal setting D. dwelling on obstacles and making plans Consider This: Recall what the acronym SWOOP stands for. 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase selfmotivation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Quiz: Managing Yourself in Time: How to Use Your Time Wisely EOM Q4.4.1 Which of the following suggestions will help you manage your time wisely?

A. Break a large project into doable chunks to decrease feeling overwhelmed.

B. Finish trivial busywork first to clear time to focus on important tasks.

C. Ignore your body rhythms.

D. Spread your focus and multitask as much as possible.

Consider This: Manifesting certain key signature strengths maximizes your ability to succeed. 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

EOM Q4.4.2 Information overload __________.

A. impedes decision making B. facilitates effectiveness C. helps decision making D. facilitates efficiency Consider This: “Overload” sounds like it ought to be detrimental, doesn’t it? 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

EOM Q4.4.3 Effective time managers __________.

A. schedule tasks to correspond to their personal body rhythms B. always strive for perfection C. give the highest priority to tasks deemed important to others

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

D. do not bother making lists of things to do Consider This: Is this a good time for you to answer this question? Is there an optimal time during the day when taking quizzes is best for you? 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.4 Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Quiz: Enhancing Volition: Prioritizing for Accomplishment EOM Q4.5.1 Covey recommends ordering your work tasks based on __________ and __________.

A. urgency; importance B. urgency; non-urgency C. importance; unimportance D. size; goals Consider This: It is vital that you answer this question right now. 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

EOM Q4.5.2 Covey’s time management system involves organizing your schedule around __________.

A. your priorities B. efficiency C. your bosses’ priorities D. what will get you a raise Consider This: Think about what would be important to your own schedule, then answer this question. 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

EOM Q4.5.3 In order to maximize time spent in Q II activities you must be __________.

A. proactive and assertive B. hard-working C. a perfectionist D. focused on finishing busywork Consider This: Take the initiative and set limits, and you will be able to answer this question. 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Quiz: Enhancing Volition: Overcoming Procrastination EOM Q4.6.1 The main cause of procrastination is __________.

A. low frustration tolerance B. self-control C. depression

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

D. grit Consider This: Future rewards sometimes require present discomfort. 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

EOM Q4.6.2 All of the following strategies are helpful for overcoming procrastination except __________.

A. Covey’s Time Management Matrix B. the bits and pieces approach C. the five minute method D. getting organized Consider This: Recall the various strategies you learned about regarding overcoming procrastination. 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

EOM Q4.6.3 What will help you get started if you tend to procrastinate?

A. Use the five minute method.

B. Criticize yourself for mistakes.

C. Hold out for perfection.

D. Wait for inspiration.

Consider This: A little goes a long way toward defeating ineffective behaviors. 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

Quiz: The Effective Student EOM Q4.7.1 __________ refers to approaching test questions in a way that facilitates picking the right answer.

A. Testwiseness B. Cheating C. Efficiency D. Elaborate rehearsal Consider This: What overall strategy helps you to be savvy when taking tests. 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

EOM Q4.7.2 When new learning inhibits previous learning, this is referred to as __________.

A. retroactive interference B. rote memorization C. elaborate rehearsal D. proactive interference Consider This: You first meet Judy, then you later meet Julie. When Judy comes back again you mistakenly call her “Julie.” Think about that process. 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

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Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

EOM Q4.7.3 Which of the following methods for studying and retention should you avoid?

A. rote memorization B. distributed learning sessions C. elaborative rehearsal D. the SQ4R Consider This: Retention requires fairly deep processing of information to make it “stick” in memory. 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Chapter Quiz: Pursuing Accomplishment EOC Q4.1 Self-control involves the ability to __________.

A. defer gratification B. master motivational strategies C. successfully use denial and repression D. utilize your EQ Consider This: Think about what the words “self-control” literally mean. 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

EOC Q4.2 GRIT = __________ + __________.

A. passion; perseverance B. IQ; EQ C. passion; procrastination D. motivation; volition Consider This: You can get this question correct if you stick with it; you know you love this stuff! 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

EOC Q4.3 Never underestimate the value of __________ for achievement.

A. practice B. luck C. procrastination D. perfectionism Consider This: Great violinists become great because they engage in this process. 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

Skill: Understand

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.2 Explain how the seven key character strengths affect the ability to achieve and accomplish goals.

EOC Q4.4 __________ strategies are useful for enhancing motivation.

A. Visualization B. Studying C. Self-control D. Organization Consider This: Picture in your mind what the correct answer might be, then act on it. 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.3 Describe strategies used to increase self-motivation.

EOC Q4.5 Setting a limit on __________ facilitates decision making.

A. information overload B. TV time C. Facebook D. homework Consider This: There’s only so much we can attend to in this busy, buzzing world of ours. 4.4. Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.4. Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

EOC Q4.6 The Pareto Principle teaches that __________ of the benefit comes from doing __________ of the work.

A. 20%; 80% B. 50%; 50% C. 80%; 20% D. 95%; 5% Consider This: Recall the division used in this well-known principle. 4.4. Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.4. Identify eight effective strategies for using time wisely.

EOC Q4.7 Quadrant II (Q II) activities are __________.

A. non-urgent but important B. urgent and important C. urgent but not important D. neither urgent nor important Consider This: Answering this question matters, and you should do it; but you may not need to do it immediately. 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

EOC Q4.8 Quadrant IV (Q IV) activities are __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

A. neither urgent nor important B. non-urgent but important C. urgent but not important D. urgent and important Consider This: You can wait to answer this question and it is not particularly necessary. 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.5 Explain how dividing your tasks into quadrants can lead to effective use of time.

EOC Q4.9 Which of the following is recommended to facilitate studying and retention?

A. utilize the SQ4R B. rote memorization C. long, unbroken study sessions D. pulling an all-nighter before a test as sleeping leads to forgetting the material Consider This: Think about what each of these strategies is most likely to produce. 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 4.7 Recall tips for improving academic effectiveness.

EOC Q4.10 True mastery in an area typically requires __________.

A. at least 10,000 hours of practice B. at least 12,000 hours of practice C. at least 15,000 hours of practice D. at least 20,000 hours of practice Consider This: Thankfully, you can master this material in much less time! 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 4.6 Understand the causes of procrastination and methods for overcoming the habit.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 5 Understanding Stress 1. What is the definition of stress? a) the negative consequences of unpleasant life events b) anything that requires an adaptive response on the part of the organism c) any measurable change in behavior produced by an organism d) a catastrophic occurrence that causes major disruptions to daily life Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. Which statement is correct regarding the ability to avoid stress? a) People can be taught to live a stress-free existence. b) Stress is generated from within; change your mind, change your stress levels. c) Stress only affects those who have poor coping skills to begin with. d) Stress is an inescapable part of modern life.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Which Canadian scientist was instrumental in advancing our modern understanding of stress? a) Hans Selye b) Noelle Bauman c) T. C. Morehouse d) Magda B. Arnold Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. Teddy knows he has a busy week ahead of him. He has two exams coming up, a job interview, an extra shift at his current job, and a blind date at the end of the week. Although each of these events (and all of them combined) are stressful, Teddy looks at them as energizing challenges that will motivate him and inspire him to do his best. Which aspect of stress is Teddy emphasizing with his outlook? a) restress b) distress c) eustress d) prostress Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

5. Melinda knows she has a busy week ahead. She has two exams coming up, a job interview, an extra shift at her current job, and a blind date with someone named Teddy at the end of the week. Each of these events (and

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e all of them combined) is stressful, and Melinda has already begun worrying how she will make it through the week. She knows the importance of doing her best in these endeavors, and that realization is costing her sleep at night and affecting her appetite. Which aspect of stress is Melinda emphasizing with her outlook? a) eustress b) parstress c) mostress d) distress Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

6. The __________ holds that performance on a given task improves as arousal increases to an optimal point, then declines as arousal continues to climb. a) Yerkes-Dodson Law b) Omega Postulate c) Selye Correlate d) stress fraction Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. Jeannie has a tough final exam coming up, but she is as cool, calm, and collected as she can be; her physiological arousal is near zero. What would you predict about Jeannie’s performance on the exam, based on the Yerkes-Dodson law? a) Jeannie is likely to do very well on the exam. b) Jeannie is likely to achieve an average grade on the exam. c) Jeannie is likely to do poorly on the exam. d) Jeannie is likely to refuse to take the exam.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

8. Barry has a tough final exam coming up, and he is as nervous and distracted as he can be; his physiological arousal is near maximum. What would you predict about Barry’s performance on the exam, based on the Yerkes-Dodson law? a) Barry is likely to do very well on the exam. b) Barry is likely to achieve an average grade on the exam. c) Barry is likely to do poorly on the exam. d) Barry is likely to refuse to take the exam.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. Debra has a tough final exam coming up and she is nervous, but not too nervous; her physiological arousal is

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e elevated but not extreme. In fact, she finds her arousal to be energizing. What would you predict about Debra’s performance on the exam, based on the Yerkes-Dodson law? a) Debra is likely to do very well on the exam. b) Debra is likely to achieve an average grade on the exam. c) Debra is likely to do poorly on the exam. d) Debra is likely to refuse to take the exam.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. How is under-arousal related to stress mastery? a) Stress mastery is impossible without a high level of arousal. b) Being under-aroused leads to the stress of failure. c) Being under-aroused leads to the stress of boredom. d) Stress mastery can only occur when a person is under-aroused.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. How is over-arousal related to stress mastery? a) Stress mastery is impossible without a low level of arousal. b) Stress mastery can only occur when a person is over-aroused. c) Being over-aroused leads to the stress of boredom. d) Being over-aroused leads to the stress of anxiety.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Topic: The Definition of Stress Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe helped to establish the link between __________. a) stress and illness b) happiness and health c) stress and income d) eustress and distress Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 13. When Holmes and Rahe administered the Life Readjustment Scale to a large group of military personnel, what did they find? a) All of the personnel completing the scale were at elevated risk for experiencing a heart attack within the next six months. b) Scores on the scale enabled them to predict who would get ill within the next two years and who would remain healthy. c) Physical fitness was the best predictor of subsequent illness, followed in order by levels of optimism and

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e whether the respondent owned or rented a home. d) The military officers reported no stressful events whatsoever, whereas the enlisted personnel generally scored in the 85th percentile.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. On the Life Readjustment Scale, the least stressful event is __________. a) death of a spouse b) minor violations of the law c) a jail term d) pregnancy Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

15. On the Life Readjustment Scale, what are the top three most stressful events? a) death of a spouse, divorce, marital separation b) major change in social activities, major change in sleeping habits, in-law troubles c) pregnancy, sexual difficulties, major change in health of a family member d) being fired from work, death of a close friend, marriage Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

16. A score below __________ on the Life Readjustment Scale indicates a low probability of becoming ill in the near future. a) 300 b) 250 c) 200 d) 150 Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

17. Among people scoring 200 to 299 on the Life Readjustment Scale, approximately __________ get sick in the near future. a) 100 percent b) 80 percent c) 70 percent d) 50 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. What factor (not assessed by the Life Readjustment Scale) can mediate the relationship between life changes and illness? a) individual differences in coping ability b) education levels c) income levels d) severity of major life events Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Topic: Stress and Illness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Which statement accurately describes the relationship between stress and physical illness? a) Stress has a direct causal link to poor physical health. b) The impact of stress on physical health is mediated by a variety of factors. c) Stress does not play a role in physical illness, but does contribute to mental illness. d) Stress is unrelated to physical health and illness.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. __________ are a technical name for stress hormones. a) Androgens b) Pathogens c) Glucocorticoids d) Antigens Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

21. Cells in the __________ and in the __________ are most vulnerable to the destructive effects of heightened stress hormones. a) lungs; liver b) frontal lobe; occipital lobe c) esophagus; bladder d) hippocampus; cardiovascular system Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

22. Whose immune system is most likely to be prone to damage from stress-related conditions? a) Larry, age 65, who has a previous history of poor health b) Gwendolyn, age 34, who jogs a mile each morning c) Sid, age 18, who is on the high school football team d) Stephanie, age 9, who loves to dance Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

23. A 2013 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA) found that approximately __________ of Americans reported stress-related physical problems. a) 20 percent b) 50 percent c) 70 percent d) 90 percent Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. A 2013 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA) found that the leading cause of stress in the American respondents was __________. a) failed aspirations b) job pressure c) media overload d) sleep deprivation Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. Which stress hormone is released by the adrenal glands? a) cortisol b) estrogen c) testosterone d) vasopressin Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 26. __________ are illnesses that are triggered and exacerbated by stress. a) Neurological disorders b) Psychotropic disorders c) Antithetical disorders d) Psychophysiological disorders Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. What conclusion has been reached regarding the relationship between stress and cancer? a) Stress makes the body more vulnerable to cancer. b) Stress causes cancer. c) Stress causes cancer, but cancer does not cause stress. d) Stress decreases the likelihood of cancer at a hormonal level.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Physical Consequences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. Stress alters the pathways of the neurotransmitter __________, which has been implicated in depression. a) acetylcholine b) glutamate c) serotonin d) histamine Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Psychological Consequences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. A survey conducted by the Harris Institute found that approximately __________ of American workers reported being stressed at work. a) 10 percent b) 25 percent c) 30 percent d) 80 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Consequences in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. Quentin works at a local rendering plant, harvesting offal, tallow, and grease for the needs of busy Americans. It is a very stressful job, and Quentin feels the effects of stress each day. Based on research evidence, why should Quentin seek help for stress management?

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) Stressful working conditions are the leading cause of work slowdowns and strikes; Quentin needs his job and a steady paycheck. b) Stress is a direct cause of psychological disturbances, so Quentin is at heightened risk for developing a personality disorder. c) Promotions are virtually nonexistent for people with a demonstrated history of stress; Quentin’s opportunities for advancement will be limited. d) People are more accident prone during periods of stress, and industrial accidents account for 2 million disabling injuries per year.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Topic: Consequences in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. The __________ forms the circuitry responsible for linking the brain with the body, and is especially active during times of stress. a) genito-pelvic connection b) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis c) heart-lung-liver transport d) cerebro-lumbar-metatarsal union Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Physiology of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. Which bodily changes would accompany the “fight or flight” response to an imminent physical danger? a) slower breathing b) increased heart rate c) decreased sweating d) increased digestion Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Physiology of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. Michelle was taking a walk at dusk, when she heard footsteps behind her. As she increased her pace, so too did the pace of the footsteps. With no one else around her, Michelle broke into a sprint and ducked into the first open store she found. What division of the autonomic nervous system would be especially active at that point? a) parasympathetic division b) somatic division c) sympathetic division d) sensory division Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Physiology of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. Michelle was taking a walk at dusk, when she heard footsteps behind her. As she increased her pace, so too

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e did the pace of the footsteps. With no one else around her, Michelle broke into a sprint and ducked into the first open store she found. She waited inside the store for 30 minutes until she felt her body calm down and return to a normal state. What division of the autonomic nervous system would be active at that point? a) parasympathetic division b) somatic division c) sympathetic division d) sensory division Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Physiology of Stress Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. When the fight-or-flight response is triggered repeatedly in response to perceived dangers—that is, daily stressors, rather than an isolated incident of danger—what problem results? a) The parasympathetic nervous system becomes overactive. b) We become immune to the effects of stress. c) Stress leads directly to the development of cancer. d) Our bodies never get a chance to return fully to homeostasis.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Downside of the Fight/Flight Reaction Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. The first stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome is __________, followed in order by __________ and then __________. a) resistance; exhaustion; alarm b) alarm; resistance; exhaustion c) alarm; exhaustion; resistance d) fight; flight; stasis Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Downside of the Fight/Flight Reaction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is essentially the same as the “fight or flight” response? a) alarm b) resistance c) exhaustion d) renewal Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Downside of the Fight/Flight Reaction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. During which stage of the General Adaptation syndrome are our stress-fighting resources depleted? a) alarm b) resistance c) exhaustion

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) adherence Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Downside of the Fight/Flight Reaction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. Which outcome is an immediate response to stress? a) Infection fighting is diminished in the immune system. b) The lungs take in more oxygen. c) Cortisol becomes toxic to brain cells. d) Fat-stored energy is converted into usable fuel.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Downside of the Fight/Flight Reaction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

40. Which outcome is a chronic response to stress? a) Elevated blood pressure damages the elasticity of blood vessels. b) Fat-stored energy is converted into usable fuel. c) Muscles tense to prepare to either fight or flee. d) Extra red blood cells flow out of the spleen.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Topic: The Downside of the Fight/Flight Reaction Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

41. Norman Cousins claims to have healed himself of a serious illness by using a self-designed program consisting of __________. a) eating only fruits and vegetables b) meditation and chanting c) eating only red meat and sugar d) laughter and optimism Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Topic: What Is Possible?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

42. Renaldo visits his physician, complaining of pain in his left knee, ankle, and big toe. After a series of exhaustive tests, the doctors can find no physical, physiological, or medical explanation for this perceived pain.

The physician tells Renaldo that a new experimental drug, Suproxin, has been shown to be useful in these cases, and urges Renaldo to take two pills a day for two weeks. In reality, Suproxin is simply a sugar pill with no active or medicinal ingredients, yet Renaldo reports feeling cured at the end of the two-week period. What is producing Renaldo’s improvement in this situation? a) the placebo effect b) an unknown ingredient in Suproxin c) the effects of medical science d) surgical relief Answer: a

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Topic: The Power of Belief Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. Researchers agree that __________ of the effectiveness of any treatment, including drug regimens, can be accounted for by placebo effects. a) 10 percent b) 30 percent c) 60 percent d) 90 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Topic: The Power of Belief Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

44. Why does the placebo effect work at a neurobiological level? a) A belief is as real as a thought, so positive beliefs have the same power as positive thoughts. b) Beliefs cause the amount of red blood cells in the body to increase. c) Our beliefs activate regions of the brain which mimic the same changes as actual treatments. d) A belief reflects an attitude, and attitudes direct behavior; in this case, healing behavior.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Topic: The Power of Belief Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

45. Our ability to reinterpret or reframe a situation is sometimes called __________. a) spirituality b) existential reformatting c) mentalism d) endogenous regulation Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Topic: The Neurobiology of the Placebo Effect Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. __________ is the study of the relationship between stress, our immune system, and health outcomes. a) Biobehavioral pharmacology b) Neuropathic myetosis c) Psychoneuroimmunology d) Epistemology Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Topic: The Mind-Body Connection Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

47. Psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) research reveals that besides the fight or flight response, there is another potential stress reaction in which people __________. a) become hysterical b) withdraw to conserve energy c) develop amnesia d) dissociate from their bodies Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Topic: The Mind-Body Connection Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. Psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) research has demonstrated that the body can learn by way of __________. a) operant conditioning b) placebo conditioning c) observational conditioning d) classical conditioning Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Topic: Your Immune System Can Learn!

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

49. Psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) research has clearly established a link between __________. a) the effects of climate change on health b) stress and the incidence of natural disasters c) stress levels and susceptibility to illness in humans d) the effects of climate change on mood Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Topic: More Research Evidence for the Mind-Body Connection Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

50. The tend-and-befriend response to stress, proposed by Shelley Taylor, argues that __________. a) men faced with a stressful situation are likely to enlist social support from friends and loved ones b) men faced with a stressful situation are likely to make new friends as a distraction from their worries c) women faced with a stressful situation are likely to engage in affiliation-related behaviors d) women faced with a stressful situation are likely to deny and devalue the impact of the stressor Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Topic: The Mind-Body Connection Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: The Definition of Stress EOM Q5.1.1 __________ is anything that requires an adaptive response on the part of an organism.

A. Stress B. Boredom C. Arousal D. Eustress Consider This: Stable, unchanging forces don’t provoke action. Change in any form requires a response from the entity being affected. 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

EOM Q5.1.2 The Yerkes-Dodson law demonstrates that many tasks are best performed with __________ levels of arousal.

A. moderate B. low C. high D. subatomic Consider This: The Yerkes-Dodson law describes a curvilinear relationship between arousal and performance. 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

EOM Q5.1.3 Stress is __________.

A. an inescapable part of modern life B. an avoidable part of modern life C. anything that requires a maladaptive response D. always damaging to you Consider This: Reality is what it is; we can’t change the world as it presents itself to us. 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.1 Differentiate between positive and negative stress.

Quiz: Stress and Illness EOM Q5.2.1 The Life Readjustment Scale is based on research showing __________.

A. the relationship between the frequency and severity of life changes and the likelihood of getting ill B. that our stress level will automatically increase as we get older

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C. that college students have the most stress D. that change is not stressful Consider This: Recall that the Life Readjustment Scale asks you about events you have experienced within the last year and the extent to which you were affected by those. 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

EOM Q5.2.2 Of those people with a score of over 300 on the Life Readjustment Scale, almost __________ got sick in the near future.

A. 80% B. 50% C. 30% D. 10% Consider This: A score of 300 on that scale is quite high; recall what the scale predicts. 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

EOM Q5.2.3 According to the Life Readjustment Scale, __________ is the life event with the highest mean value of stress.

A. the death of a spouse B. retirement from work C. getting arrested D. taking on a mortgage Consider This: Think about which alternative would be the worst. 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Quiz: Negative Effects of Stress EOM Q5.3.1 Stress hormones are known as __________.

A. glucocorticoids B. immunity boosters C. endocrine glands D. endorphins Consider This: Recall the technical term researchers use to categorize these types of hormones. 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

EOM Q5.3.2 Ulcers are an example of a __________.

A. psychophysiological disorder B. positive effect of stress

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C. psychological disorder D. genetic gastrointestinal condition Consider This: Ulcers are the direct result of elevated acidity brought on by the release of cortisol. 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Skill: Easy Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

EOM Q5.3.3 Approximately __________ of all visits to doctors’ offices are for stress related disorders.

A. 100% B. 75-90% C. 25% D. 0% Consider This: Many people experience high levels of stress in their lives. How might that contribute to seeking medical treatment? 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Quiz: The Physiology of Stress EOM Q5.4.1 The __________ is a survival mechanism present in humans and animals which prepares us to deal with physical danger A. fight or flight response B. endorphin response C. glucose response D. homeostatic response Consider This: There are a limited number of options organisms can pursue when faced with imminent danger. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOM Q5.4.2 Your body returns to __________ or balance after you relax following the fight/flight response.

A. homeostasis B. the sympathetic nervous system C. high arousal D. GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome) Consider This: This is a state of relative neutrality, like a thermostat returning to its initial setting after activating the heat for a few minutes. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOM Q5.4.3 The fight/flight response is a result of hyperactivity in your __________.

A. autonomic nervous system B. central nervous system

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C. peripheral nervous system D. hippocampus Consider This: Recall what the various divisions of the human nervous system are responsible for controlling. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Quiz: What Is Possible?

EOM Q5.5.1 When people report feeling better after being given a sugar pill presented as a painkiller, this is __________.

A. a placebo effect B. a psychophysiological disorder C. homeostasis D. the General Adaptation Syndrome Consider This: Administering a sugar pill is a way to placate a person with imagined ills. 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

EOM Q5.5.2 The mind-body connection __________.

A. is capable of helping us to heal B. can make us sick but cannot facilitate healing C. has nothing to do with placebo effects D. is a myth Consider This: Anecdotal evidence implies that some remarkable results have been produced by the power of positive thinking. 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

EOM Q5.5.3 The placebo effect works because __________.

A. our beliefs activate regions in the brain that mimic the effects of actual treatments B. the sympathetic nervous system takes over C. stress sensitization sets in D. there is a sucker born every day Consider This: Wanting something to be true, and having that thing actually come true, sometimes show a great deal of overlap. 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.5 Understand the role of the placebo effect in stress and illness.

Quiz: The Mind-Body Connection EOM Q5.6.1 Your immune system can learn to __________.

A. inhibit itself

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B. make you lose weight C. turn off the fight/flight response D. read and write Consider This: Which of the alternatives would help you overcome autoimmune disorders? 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

EOM Q5.6.2 __________ stress is even more damaging than physical stress.

A. Social B. Acute C. Cognitive D. Neurotic Consider This: Our interactions with others can often be stress-inducing. 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

EOM Q5.6.3 PNI research has demonstrated that __________.

A. people respond differently to the same stressful event depending on how they interpret the stressor B. your immune system is incapable of learning C. men and women react identically to stress both behaviorally and physiologically D. when under stress our resistance to the common cold increases Consider This: Shakespeare wrote, “…there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Chapter Quiz: Understanding Stress EOC Q5.1 Prolonged stress __________.

A. negatively affects your physical, psychological, and occupational functioning B. improves your psychological functioning but damages your health C. enhances workplace productivity D. affects your physical health but has no impact on your occupational functioning Consider This: What varied effects might manifest as a result of chronic stress? 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.2 Understand the connections between stress and illness.

EOC Q5.2 A new source of stress comes from __________.

A. the results of the 2016 presidential election

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B. improvements in the economy C. information underload D. monogamy Consider This: Large-scale events that potentially impact millions of people can be a source of stress. 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.3 Describe the effects of stress on physical, psychological, and occupational functioning.

EOC Q5.3 Which of the following is a sign of fight/flight arousal?

A. a release of adrenalin B. decreasing heart rate and blood pressure C. slow, relaxed breathing D. loose muscles Consider This: Which of these alternatives would help you to run or fight if in danger? 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOC Q5.4 The fight or flight response __________.

A. can lead to hyperventilation B. can lead to slow, deep breathing C. inhibits the production of cortisol D. is the same as homeostasis Consider This: Think about the outcomes that are likely to result if you either choose to flee from a stressor or combat that stressor directly. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOC Q5.5 The first stage of GAS, the alarm stage, is __________.

A. the fight/flight response B. exhaustion C. homeostasis D. stress resistance Consider This: Recall the three stages Hans Selye described in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

Which stage logically comes first? 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOC Q5.6 __________ is possible if there is no relief from the 3rd stage of GAS, the stage of exhaustion.

A. Death B. Homeostasis C. Stress sensitization D. Sleep

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Consider This: Imagine the final state of an organism that has exhausted all of its resources while fighting a dangerous or threatening stressor. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOC Q5.7 A theory about alternative stress reactions posits that women will often respond with __________ and __________ behaviors rather than fight/flight reactions.

A. tend; befriend B. bait; switch C. whining; complaining D. meet; greet Consider This: Fighting and fleeing, as well as this other response combination, can be an effective means of dealing with stress. 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.6 Describe how the connection between the mind and body can affect the immune system and healing.

EOC Q5.8 The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are __________.

A. sympathetic and parasympathetic B. sensory and perceptual C. unsympathetic and psychological D. central and motor Consider This: Recall the divisions and subdivisions of the human nervous system. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOC Q5.9 When your body responds to stress as it would to an allergy, this is __________.

A. stress sensitization B. homeostasis C. the placebo effect D. the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Consider This: If you are allergic to something, think of what happens when you are repeatedly exposed.

Does your allergy tend to worsen? 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

EOC Q5.10 __________ is the study of the relationship between stress, our immune system, and health outcomes.

A. Psychoneuroimmunology B. The GAS C. The Yerkes-Dodson law D. Stress sensitization

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Consider This: This area of study links the many disciplines that are concerned with understanding health and illness. 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 5.4 Recognize the causes and effects of the body’s fight or flight response.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 6 Developing Wellness Skills 1. Wellness refers to __________. a) not being physically sick b) a multi-dimensional concept covering many aspects of well-being c) mental health d) being physically fit Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Topic: What Is Wellness?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. Which attribute characterizes the upper rank of high level wellness? a) awareness b) disability c) commitment d) self-reinforcing results Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Topic: What Is Wellness?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

3. What is the correct downward progression from sickness? a) signs, symptoms, disability, crisis, death b) signs, disability, crisis, symptoms, death c) symptoms, signs, crisis, disability, death d) signs, crisis, symptoms, disability, death Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Topic: What Is Wellness?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4. What is the correct upward progression from being not sick to achieving high level wellness? a) commitment, awareness, behavior change, self-reinforcing results, goal setting b) awareness, behavior change, commitment, goal setting, self-reinforcing results c) awareness, commitment, behavior change, goal setting, self-reinforcing results d) awareness, self-reinforcing results, goal setting, commitment, behavior change Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Topic: What Is Wellness?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

5. Which statement is correct? a) Mental health is the absence of PERMA. b) Mental health is not the same as the absence of mental illness. c) Mental health is independent of high level wellness.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) Mental health is the absence of mental illness.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Topic: What Is Wellness?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

6. Awareness, the first step toward high level well-being, involves recognizing one’s current state. Which aphorism summarizes this concept? a) “You can’t fix something if you don’t know it’s broken.” b) “Life moves pretty fast; if you don’t stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” c) “You can’t judge a book by looking at the cover.” d) “If it isn’t broken, don’t fix it.”

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Topic: What Is Wellness?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

7. According to the wellness perspective, which statement correctly summarizes the relationship between the body and the mind? a) Mind and body are two distinct entities. b) There is no mind; only body. c) “Mind” arises from “body.” d) The distinction between body and mind is an artificial one.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: Mastering Stress Through Active Relaxation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. What kind of event does sitting on the couch, watching television constitute? a) active relaxation b) rest c) passive relaxation d) proactivity Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: Mastering Stress Through Active Relaxation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. What is a potential benefit of practicing active relaxation skills? a) increasing respiratory rate b) increasing cortisol levels c) lowering serotonin levels d) boosting immune system functioning Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Mastering Stress Through Active Relaxation Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

10. The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system controls __________ activities; the parasympathetic branch is responsible for __________ activities. a) tend and befriend; fight or flight b) fight or flight; rest and digest c) rest and digest; fight or flight d) tend and digest; fight or rest Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: Mastering Stress Through Active Relaxation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. Deep, slow, rhythmic breaths emanating from the stomach are characteristic of __________. a) diaphragmatic breathing b) homeostasis c) hyperventilation d) parasympathetic imbalance Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: The Magic of Diaphragmatic Breathing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. Rapid, shallow, over-breathing that causes blood vessels in the brain to constrict is called __________. a) diaphragmatic breathing b) homeostasis c) hyperventilation d) parasympathetic imbalance Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: The Magic of Diaphragmatic Breathing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

13. Guido wants to practice diaphragmatic breathing as a step on the road toward wellness. What should he do? a) Sit up straight with his back against the wall, and begin with a series of rapid, shallow breaths, followed by periods of holding his breath for as long as he can. b) Tense the muscles in his arms and legs, and then breathe deeply as he walks in ever-expanding circles without bending his knees. c) Find a quiet place where he can feel the difference between chest-breaths and abdomen-breaths, possibly by placing a heavy book on his stomach as he attends to his breathing. d) Jut out his lower jaw, and practice inhaling and exhaling through his mouth while simultaneously rubbing his temples with his index fingers.

Answer: c

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: Practicing Diaphragmatic Breathing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

14. What is a practical application of diaphragmatic breathing in the treatment of psychological disorders? a) It can help people suffering from panic attacks. b) It can alter the expression of narcissistic personality disorder. c) It reduces the severity of schizophrenic symptoms. d) It will eliminate manic episodes in bipolar disorder.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Topic: Practicing Diaphragmatic Breathing Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

15. The ability to stand apart from ourselves, viewing ourselves as an external observer would, is called __________ in the context of self-awareness. a) revision b) dissociation c) externality d) the witnessing stance Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

16. What possibility does a change in perspective (provided by the witnessing stance) bring with it? a) being able to recognize the futility of resistance b) being able to change a particular situation c) being able to persuade others of the correctness of our position d) being able to leave the body momentarily Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. Which sequence shows the correct path from an event to an outcome? a) event—reaction b) perception—event—reaction c) event—perception—reaction d) reaction—event Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. __________ refers to becoming self-aware of our own thought processes. a) Cognition b) Precognition c) Perception d) Metacognition Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. __________ refers to becoming self-aware of our own emotions. a) Metamood b) Inspection c) Retribution d) Affect Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. “Going meta” allows a person to __________. a) become immersed in the experiences of the moment b) foresee the future, and change the past c) revoke the witnessing stance during a crisis d) be aware of what is happening without being immersed in what is happening Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. Which situation correctly demonstrates a “meta” perspective? a) feeling furious and feeling sad b) being immersed in a moment of anger c) having the thought “I’m feeling anger” d) an inability to label one’s emotions Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: The Witnessing Stance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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22. What factor determines the outcome of a task more than any other? a) attitude toward completing the task b) prior experience with the task c) intelligence d) skill Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Explain why the ability to be aware of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Topic: Attitude Is Everything!

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. People who possess certain attitudes that enable them to deal effectively with stressors are said to be __________. a) indefatigable b) stress hardy c) anxiety robust d) pressure resistant Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Stress Hardiness Attitudes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. What are the “three Cs” of stress hardiness? a) constancy, change, and calmness b) capability, capacity, and competence c) control, commitment, and challenge d) confrontation, condemnation, and consummation Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Stress Hardiness Attitudes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

25. What attribute do stress hardy individuals demonstrate? a) an internal locus of control b) a belief in fate c) a belief in luck d) an external locus of control Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Control Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. Stress hardy individuals show a __________, believing that what they do is of value and importance and

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e embracing each day with enthusiasm. a) withering of spirit b) dread of the future c) neutrality toward the present d) zest for life Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Commitment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. Mickey’s trailer home was demolished in a tornado; his earthly possessions scattered for miles; and his prospects are looking grim. Being a stress hardy person, how did Mickey view this crisis? a) as a message that there is no God b) as proof that bad experiences are everywhere c) as a challenge to be met and conquered d) as a signal that his life had been wasted up to this point Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

28. __________ is an attempt to deal with a stressor directly, whereas __________ reflects attempts to moderate one’s response to a stressor. a) Primary prevention; secondary prevention b) Problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping c) Emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping d) Secondary prevention; primary prevention Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Hardiness and Stress Resistance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. Why are optimists less vulnerable to all types of disease? a) They believe their actions matter and can give them control over their health. b) They are genetically programmed to be healthier. c) They look on the bright side, so they deny when they are sick and focus only on health. d) They have more money, so they can afford better health care.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: The Biology of Stress Hardiness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

30. __________ refers to the ability to bounce back from severe trauma or loss. a) Plasticity

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) Regenesis c) Defiance d) Resilience Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Resiliency: The Key to Post-Traumatic Growth Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Leaning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

31. By gradually increasing the difficulty of challenges we face, we can acclimate to progressively higher levels of stress. What is this concept called? a) post-traumatic growth b) systematic desensitization c) stress inoculation d) stress rebound Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Resiliency: The Key to Post-Traumatic Growth Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. What beneficial outcome can result from adopting the “warrior’s stance?” a) It can make us constantly prepared for fight or flight. b) It signals others to stay away. c) It can lead to a more peaceful, less stressed existence. d) It produces a war-like mentality.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Topic: Acquiring Body Wisdom: The Warrior Stance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. What is the theoretical basis underlying Progressive Relaxation? a) A person cannot feel stressed while in a state of deep bodily relaxation. b) Relaxation causes the production of neurotransmitters to increase. c) Progress in life can only be made when one is in a relaxed state of mind. d) Full relaxation requires a spiritual commitment to a higher power.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Topic: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. Nicoletta wants to practice progressive relaxation, so she does it once in awhile when she remembers – usually while sitting in her desk chair at work, wearing a tailored business suit. How successful will Nicoletta’s efforts be? a) Very successful; concentrating very hard to relax is the first step toward success. b) Moderately successful; Nicoletta has three of the five Prime Directives of Relaxation in place. c) Moderately successful; the key is to not practice progressive relaxation too often.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) Not very successful; she doesn’t have any of the basic guidelines for relaxation in place.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Topic: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. What is a stated goal of Progressive Relaxation? a) to avoid the stresses of reality by entering a world of one’s own creation on a daily basis b) to commune with a higher power, sometimes called the “Z’ev Spirit” c) to help an individual become aware of the difference between feelings of muscle contraction versus muscle relaxation d) to bring spiritual enlightenment to a community of like-minded individuals and, in turn, to the nations of the world Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Topic: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

36. Which bodily areas are usually addressed first during a progressive relaxation session? a) chest and abdomen b) hands and forearms c) shoulders and neck d) lips and tongue Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Topic: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. Which bodily areas are usually addressed last during a progressive relaxation session? a) ankles and calves b) forehead and eyes c) jaw and tongue d) hands and wrists Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Topic: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. “My tongue feels warm and heavy. My tongue feels loose and relaxed. My tongue feels warm and heavy,” Nikki repeated over and over to herself. What variant of Progressive Relaxation is Nikki practicing? a) differential relaxation b) stress inoculation c) distributive conditioning d) autogenic training Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Topic: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. Pain reduction, lowered blood pressure, arrested atherosclerosis, and general healing can all result from __________. a) out of body experiences b) tertiary coping c) the practice of meditation d) homeostatic retrieval Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Topic: Meditation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

40. Someone with __________ sees things with the wonder of a child seeing things for the first time. a) beginners mind b) tame soul c) wild heart d) mirrored lens Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Topic: Meditation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. A __________ is a resonating sound that can assist in focusing concentration during meditation. a) whisper b) mantra c) chant d) murmur Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Topic: Meditation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

42. What do Tai Chi, chanting, Qi Gong, and meditation have in common? a) They all involve repetitive whistling. b) They were all started by the same person: Walter Henderson. c) They each can be mastered in less than 10 minutes. d) They are all paths toward awareness.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Topic: Meditation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. The cultivation of awareness by practicing awareness results in __________. a) active listening b) muscle contraction

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) mindfulness d) Qi Chi Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Topic: Mindfulness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

44. Intuitive stretching shares many foundational elements with __________. a) extended concentration b) Hatha yoga c) persistent sleep deprivation d) daydreaming Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Topic: Intuitive Stretching Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objectively: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. What benefit has been demonstrated in children who received half hour massage twice a week for a month? a) improved grades in spelling and geography b) enhanced communication skills c) fewer squabbles and misunderstandings with parents d) significant reductions in levels of cortisol Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Topic: Massage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

46. What does “rocking for relaxation” refer to? a) rhythmic bodily rocking motions as a method of relaxation b) swinging one’s arms while walking c) sitting in a rocking chair at the end of a long day d) playing music loudly Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Topic: Rocking for Relaxation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

47. What kind of exercise specifically conditions the cardiovascular system? a) active relaxation b) strength training c) aerobic exercise d) flexibility exercises Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: The Importance of Exercise Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

48. To maintain fitness, humans should walk __________ steps daily. a) 5,000 b) 10,000 c) 20,000 d) 50,000 Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Topic: The Importance of Exercise Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. What fourth “C” has been added to the three Cs of stress hardiness, reflecting an important interpersonal factor? a) connection b) correction c) contraction d) compassion Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Topic: Social Support and Wellness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. Which strategy can be used to avoid stressful situations as a preventative measure? a) Death from Above b) Search and Destroy c) Slash and Burn d) Seek and Defuse Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Topic: The Role of Proactivity and Stress Mastery: An Ounce of Prevention Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: What Is Wellness?

EOM Q6.1.1 What is Wellness?

A. a lot more than just feeling you are not ill B. the opposite to being sick C. the absence of mental illness D. exercising regularly and being physically fit Consider This: Sometimes seemingly simple concepts are actually multidimensional. 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

EOM Q6.1.2 All of the following are components of wellness except __________.

A. genetics B. nutrition C. stress mastery D. relationships Consider This: Environmental factors make strong contributions to a person’s wellness. 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

EOM Q6.1.3 What is the first rung on the ladder towards high level wellness?

A. awareness B. goal setting C. wealth D. good nutrition Consider This: Think about which primary, core component would need to be in place before other components could be pursued. 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Quiz: Mastering Stress Through Active Relaxation EOM Q6.2.1 Many people confuse __________ with relaxation.

A. inactivity B. exercising C. passivity

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D. sleep Consider This: Doing nothing does not guarantee that you are relaxed. 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

EOM 6.2.2 The __________ branch of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) increases arousal while the __________ branch lowers arousal.

A. sympathetic; parasympathetic B. parasympathetic; sympathetic C. physical; psychological D. central; motor Consider This: Recall the divisions of the human nervous system, and then the subdivisions of those divisions of the nervous system. 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

EOM Q6.2.3 A simple, healthy, natural antidote to stress involves __________.

A. diaphragmatic breathing B. tensing your muscles C. drinking a 6 pack of beer D. hyperventilation Consider This: Think about which choice would be the most naturally effective method of combating stress.

6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Quiz: The Value of Self-Awareness EOM Q6.3.1 Adopting the witnessing stance enables you to __________.

A. develop self-awareness B. detach and compartmentalize C. testify at trial D. accurately observe those around you Consider This: A witness is usually an observer. When you become your own observer, what would you be observing? 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

EOM Q6.3.2 __________ refers to becoming aware of your thought processes.

A. Metacognition B. Meta-mood

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C. Metamorphosis D. Metamucil Consider This: “Meta” connotes “above” or “beyond.” What synonyms for “thought processes” can you identify? 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

EOM Q6.3.3 Hyperventilation __________.

A. reduces the amount of CO2 and calcium in your blood leading to increased arousal B. increases the amount of CO2 in your blood thus reducing arousal C. is characterized by slow, deep breathing D. is not associated with panic attacks Consider This: Since “hyper” signifies excess, what physical symptom may be experienced in excess as a result of hyperventilation. 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Quiz: Stress Hardiness Attitudes EOM Q6.4.1 Stress hardy individuals possess attitudes of __________, __________, and __________.

A. control; commitment; challenge B. internal; external; subdural locus of control C. optimism; defensive pessimism; self-esteem D. wellness; fitness; mindfulness Consider This: These people hold positive attitudes toward taking charge and taking a chance. 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

EOM Q6.4.2 Which of the following characterizations applies to stress-hardy individuals?

A. They have an internal locus of control.

B. They have an external locus of control.

C. They focus on all the problems inherent in adversity.

D. They tend to be pessimistic.

Consider This: Hardiness implies an element of “can do” spirit. Which of these options would be consistent with that spirit? 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

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EOM Q6.4.3 Adopting the warrior’s stance helps you to acquire __________.

A. body wisdom B. self-awareness C. sexual satisfaction D. wealth and power Consider This: Warriors generally recognize their physical abilities and limitations. 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Quiz: Progressive Muscle Relaxation EOM Q6.5.1 __________ relaxation exercises are an effective method for reducing and/or eliminating muscular tension.

A. Progressive B. Regressive C. Passive D. Natural Consider This: Relaxing the entire body isn’t something that can be achieved all at once. 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

EOM Q6.5.2 One goal of Progressive Relaxation is to help you achieve __________.

A. differential relaxation B. enlightenment C. posttraumatic growth D. autogenic training Consider This: Systematically relieving muscle tension sounds like it would make this other thing take place. 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

EOM Q6.5.3 Progressive relaxation exercises are especially helpful for __________.

A. stress-related physical disorders B. cold reactors C. counteracting poor nutrition D. loneliness Consider This: Think about the kinds of circumstances for which relaxation would have the greatest positive impact for a person. 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.5 Recognize the goals and guidelines of progressive muscle relaxation.

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Quiz: Meditation EOM Q6.6.1 Which of the following attitudes is helpful for the practice of mindfulness meditation?

A. beginner’s mind B. commitment C. challenge D. control Consider This: Having the right attitude is important when one is just starting out in the practice of meditation. 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

EOM Q6.6.2 Mindfulness is __________.

A. the cultivation of awareness by practicing awareness B. being mindful of the needs of others C. being careful to mind your manners D. only achieved if you try as hard as you can Consider This: We often gain greater insight by exercising our capacity for insight. 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

EOM Q6.6.3 Tai Chi and Qi Gong are __________.

A. moving meditations B. dance routines C. ancient Native American shamanic rituals D. illegal in the U.S. Consider This: Both of these practices have something in common with each other, and with the general themes you’ve read about in this section of the chapter. 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.6 Describe the benefits and techniques of regular meditative practice.

Quiz: Other Active Relaxation Methods EOM Q6.7.1 An intrinsic part of the fight/flight response is _________ which can be alleviated by __________.

A. muscle tension; intuitive stretching B. muscle tension; weight lifting C. depression; taking an antidepressant D. homeostasis; massage Consider This: Recall what the fight-or-flight response prepares the body to do, then think about how that preparation might be reversed. 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate

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Objective: 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

EOM Q6.7.2 Hatha yoga is __________.

A. an ancient form of stretching that reduces stress and can lead to spiritual enlightenment B. the modernized version of Tai Chi C. a Western method of physical therapy for rehabbing torn muscles D. a method to improve your sexual performance Consider This: As the term implies, Hatha yoga is part of a larger overall approach to inner peace and raised consciousness. 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

EOM Q6.7.3 Rocking __________.

A. is an effective way to relax for most people B. only works for babies C. should only be used for autistic children D. is not an effective relaxation technique Consider This: Everyone is looking for a simple strategy to calm their nerves. 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.7 Explain how various types of muscle stretching can be used to reverse the effects of negative stress.

Quiz: Staying Healthy EOM Q6.8.1 According to experts, adults are recommended to take __________ to maintain fitness.

A. 10,000 daily steps B. hot baths in the forest C. multiple naps throughout the day D. all protein out of their diet Consider This: Many popular gadgets and smartphone applications adopt these same recommendations.

6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

EOM Q6.8.2 The inhabitants of Roseto, Pennsylvania had significantly lower levels of cardiovascular disease than average Americans due to __________.

A. exceptionally high levels of social support within the community B. exceptionally healthy eating habits C. exceptionally high levels of exercise due to the hilly terrain D. the regular practice of forest bathing

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Consider This: The inhabitants of this small town (population 1,500) knew they could count on one another to address their shared health concerns. 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

EOM Q6.8.3 The best results for cardiovascular conditioning are achieved with __________.

A. interval training B. flexibility exercises C. eating a lot of carbohydrates D. strength training Consider This: You can’t get healthy all at once; take it step by step and mix things up once in a while. 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Chapter Quiz: Developing Wellness Skills EOC Q6.1 High level __________ is about achieving a state of physical and emotional health based on living a healthy lifestyle.

A. wellness B. effectiveness C. competence D. worthiness Consider This: Recall the main theme of this chapter. 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.1 Describe the various components that make up the concept of wellness.

EOC Q6.2 __________ relaxation techniques are aimed at decreasing fight or flight arousal and restoring balance or homeostasis.

A. Active B. Passive C. Flexible D. Vigorous Consider This: You’ve got to be invested and direct in practicing these techniques. 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

EOC Q6.3 All of the following are active relaxation techniques except __________.

A. playing video games

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B. progressive muscle relaxation C. mindfulness meditation D. diaphragmatic breathing Consider This: The key phrase here is “active” relaxation. Which of these options seems the least active?

6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.2 Explain how the use of active relaxation techniques increases our ability to master stress.

EOC Q6.4 Adopting the _________ stance makes it easier to be objective about a situation which helps you to choose the most effective response.

A. witnessing B. warrior C. wellness D. watching Consider This: Observing yourself in your own circumstances can be difficult to achieve sometimes, but it’s good to step back and take stock of yourself objectively if you can. 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.3 Explain how awareness of our thoughts and feelings allows us to have more control over them.

EOC Q6.5 If you are feeling stressed out and overwhelmed by a full schedule of classes and work, dropping a class to lighten your load would be an example of __________ coping.

A. problem-focused B. active-relaxation C. emotion-focused D. passive-relaxation Consider This: This strategy attempts to deal with a stressor head-on. 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

EOC Q6.6 Emotion-focused coping refers to attempts to __________.

A. change your emotional response to the stressor B. change the way you perceive the stressor C. deal with the stressor directly to remove it or defuse its effects D. distract yourself from the stressor Consider This: A more indirect method of coping. The answer is obvious if you reread the question. 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

EOC Q6.7 __________ refers to the graded exposure to stressors designed to increase resilience.

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A. Stress inoculation B. Stress sensitization C. Body wisdom D. Stress hardiness Consider This: One way to avoid getting the flu is to get vaccinated with a very mild dose of the flu. 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

EOC Q6.8 The ability to bounce back from severe trauma or loss is called __________.

A. resiliency B. PTSD C. stress sensitization D. beginner’s mind Consider This: Recall the term used in this regard. It also describes the properties of rubber, putty, springs, and chewing gum. 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.4 Identify the three stress hardiness attitudes that help make individuals more resistant to the negative effects of stress.

EOC Q6.9 Having a good network of __________ in place is vital to wellness.

A. social support B. personal trainers C. money managers D. massage therapists Consider This: Recall the inhabitants of Roseto, Pennsylvania. They knew they could count on this factor in times of stress. 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

EOC Q6.10 The neurotransmitter __________, which helps keep us calm, is synthesized from amino acids found in certain carbohydrates.

A. serotonin B. endorphin C. tryptophan D. adrenalin Consider This: This neurotransmitter is synthesized from acids found in pasta, bread, and potatoes. 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 6.8 Recognize the various ways in which adopting healthy lifestyle practices affects your ability to master stress.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 7 Experiencing Positive Emotions 1. One of the core elements of flourishing is the P in PERMA, which stands for __________. a) personality b) persistence c) positive emotions d) personal striving Answer: c Learning Objective: Introduction Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. Marco asked Patricia what she thought of the painting he’d created. “Looks great!” Patricia replied, the corners of her mouth turning up in a smile. He then asked Louisa. “Wonderful!” she said, forming a smile with her lips. Next he asked Cecilia to share her opinion. “Nice!” was her answer, as her smile broadened and her eyes crinkled. Finally he asked Anna. “Magnifico!” she responded, breaking into a grin while staring straight ahead. Based on their facial expressions, who actually thinks Marco’s painting is good? a) Patricia b) Louisa c) Cecilia d) Anna Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

3. What separates a Duchenne smile from other facial expressions that look like happiness? a) When a Duchenne smile occurs, the brows knit together and forward slightly. b) The muscle actions associated with a Duchenne smile cause the bridge of the nose to retract as the lips broaden. c) Duchenne smiles involve the action of the muscles that raise the upper lip, causing the lip to move up and out slightly. d) The Duchenne smile involves contractions of the muscles around the eyes, causing a crinkling effect at that location.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. The Duchenne smile is associated with __________. a) longevity b) pessimism c) perceptions of beauty d) wisdom Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Easy

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 5. From an evolutionary standpoint, what function would negative emotions serve? a) forming societies b) alerting us to danger c) enhancing mating d) establishing a gathering subsistence model Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. From an evolutionary standpoint, what function would positive emotions serve? a) improving hunting skills b) preventing incest c) attacking intruders d) letting us know when we are safe Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. Positive emotions allow us to __________, and therefore focus on __________. a) genuflect and reflect; the past b) attend and mend; the present c) broaden and build; the future d) sow and reap; ambitions Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. Which state is one of the ten most frequent positive emotions? a) reflection b) wonderment c) admiration d) gratitude Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. When people are primed to experience positive emotions, they tend to approach task completion by focusing on __________. a) higher order global strategies b) lower order detailed strategies

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) deficits and shortcomings in the process d) delegating responsibilities to others Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

10. According to research conducted by Barbara Fredrickson, positive emotions can __________ the harmful effects of negative emotions. a) triple b) undo c) camouflage d) halve Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. How does exposure to positive emotions affect the physiological arousal associated with anxiety? a) Positive emotions (a mental state) have no effect on arousal (a physiological state). b) Positive emotions increase arousal levels associated with anxiety. c) Positive emotions produce rapid decreases in anxiety-related physiological arousal. d) Positive emotions cause a rapid spike in arousal, followed by a prolonged decrease back to original arousal levels.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. What is the “magic ratio” of positive to negative emotions to contribute to human flourishing? a) 2.9 : 1 b) 17 : 1 c) 3.14 : 1 d) 6 : 9 Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. How does a positive mood contribute to decision making? a) Good moods cause people to become unrealistically optimistic. b) Good moods distract people from facts and evidence, leading to poorer decision making. c) Good moods enhance financial decisions but are unrelated to social or interpersonal decisions. d) Good moods lead people to think more clearly and use better judgment.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. A study of nuns and lifestyle demonstrated that extended longevity was related to which of the following factors? a) intensity of prayer b) a high amount of positive emotions expressed in writings c) abstinence from tobacco products d) good nutrition and regular exercise Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 15. A study of nuns and lifestyle demonstrated that the happiest of nuns outlived the least-happy of nuns by an average of __________ years. a) three b) five c) ten d) fourteen Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Topic: The Role of Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

16. When positive psychologists talk about happiness, what connotation do they have in mind? a) jumping for joy b) satisfaction and contentment c) sensual delights of the flesh d) euphoria Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Topic: How Should We Define Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. Feelings of happiness that involve depth and deliberation are termed __________. a) hedonism b) indulgence c) authentic happiness d) gratification Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Topic: How Should We Define Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

18. Authentic happiness involves __________ as well as __________. a) pursuing pleasure in any form; documenting pleasurable exploits

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) living a meaningful life; utilizing talents and skills c) self-gratification; self-denial d) acts of selfishness; acts of kindness Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Topic: How Should We Define Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Pierre feels integrated into his larger social community. When faced with irritations, he looks at them as challenges to be met with grace and good humor. He approaches each day as an opportunity to learn and grow.

What kind of positive emotion is Pierre demonstrating? a) hedonism b) amusement c) intrigue d) authentic happiness Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Topic: How Should We Define Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

20. Scoring above 4.0 on the Authentic Happiness Inventory could possibly indicate __________. a) depression b) unrealistically high happiness c) peak experiences d) moderate levels of happiness Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Topic: How Should We Define Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. Scoring under 2.0 on the Authentic Happiness Inventory could possibly indicate __________. a) anxiety b) profound unhappiness c) extreme happiness d) moderate levels of happiness Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Topic: How Should We Define Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. How are happiness and material wealth related? a) As wealth increases, happiness also increases, in a linear fashion. b) Increasing wealth is negatively correlated with happiness. c) Happiness is greatest among the very poor and the very rich; middle-income families are the least happy. d) Beyond a certain minimum, increases in wealth do not correspond with increases in happiness.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Misconceptions About What Leads to Happiness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. Victor earns $60,000 a year in his job managing the human relations department of a local small business.

Harold earns $26,000 a year managing the local Rollo’s Bacon Haus franchise. Based on research findings, how much happier is Victor than Harold given the disparity in their incomes? a) About 2% happier b) About 9% happier c) About 34% happier d) About 50% happier Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: Misconceptions About What Leads to Happiness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. What is the progress paradox? a) Although standards of living and health have improved significantly for most Americans, we are no happier than we were 50 years ago. b) When given the opportunity for advancement in their careers, most people prefer to take a pay cut in order to maintain their current levels of happiness. c) When people try to broaden and build their future happiness, they tend instead to falter and fail in those attempts. d) Increased hedonism is the pathway to authentic happiness, but most people focus on acquiring spiritual enlightenment as a way to become happy.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: Misconceptions About What Leads to Happiness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. Which country was ranked first on the Happy Planet Index, a scale purported to measure well-being and progress apart from economic concerns? a) Afghanistan b) Costa Rica c) Myanmar d) Belgium Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: Misconceptions About What Leads to Happiness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

26. The hedonic treadmill refers to __________. a) lowered expectations following a lucky break b) the pleasure felt after physical exercise c) the tendency for humans to adapt to fortunate circumstances and take them for granted d) going nowhere in an endless rat race

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Hedonic Treadmill Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. What does a “happiness set point” refer to? a) Each person has a genetically determined level of happiness that we tend to revert to after the passage of time. b) Activities carry with them a set amount of pleasure; engaging in more of the same activities can’t increase that amount of pleasure. c) Each person must decide individually how much happiness they want to “shoot for” in life and then determine the best path to achieve that. d) Happiness is an illusion set by political and societal standards.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Hedonic Treadmill Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. What does H refer to in the equation H = S + C + V? a) hedonic dissatisfaction b) momentary spikes in happiness c) mental attitudes that contribute to health d) enduring levels of happiness over time Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Role of Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. What does S refer to in the equation H = S + C + V? a) a predetermined number of situational factors b) sadness c) surprise d) a genetic set point for baseline happiness Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Role of Genetics Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. What does C refer to in the equation H = S + C + V? a) conflicts an individual feels b) comedy, the true source of happiness c) circumstances in a person’s life d) criteria for happiness Answer: c

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Role of Genetics Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. What does V refer to in the equation H = S + C + V? a) vigor for pursuing one’s goals in life b) voluntary factors that maximize life satisfaction c) very important indicators of personal happiness d) expectations Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Role of Genetics Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

32. __________ was a term introduced by Paul Meehl to refer to individual differences in the ability to experience positive emotions. a) Hedonic capacity b) Personal striving c) Happiness quotient d) Positivity bias Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Role of Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. Extraversion, increased social activity, low neuroticism, religiosity, and greater number of friendships are all correlated with __________. a) antisocial personality disorder b) negative affectivity c) abandonment issues d) positive affectivity Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Topic: The Role of Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. Which outcome is most likely to create lasting happiness? a) a good marriage b) a really nice car c) winning the lottery d) getting straight A’s in school Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: How to Boost Your Happiness: The “V” Factor Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. Based on research findings reported by Daniel Gilbert, the best predictor of happiness is __________. a) being married, whatever the level of satisfaction b) being happily married c) being wealthy d) how much travel a person does Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: How to Boost Your Happiness: The “V” Factor Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. Based on research findings reported by Daniel Gilbert, parents value their children __________. a) because of how difficult they can be b) because of all the joy they bring c) due to genetic parental instincts d) so they will provide care when the parents are elderly and impaired Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: How to Boost Your Happiness: The “V” Factor Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. Which factor shows no correlation with happiness and life satisfaction? a) religiosity b) extraversion c) intelligence d) optimism Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: How to Boost Your Happiness: The “V” Factor Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. Which factor shows a high correlation with happiness and life satisfaction? a) physical health b) age c) ethnicity d) having many good friends Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: How to Boost Your Happiness: The “V” Factor Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

39. Developing expectations for the future follows a simple rule: Optimism is __________, while pessimism is __________. a) energizing; paralyzing b) gone; coming c) unattainable; realistic d) elusive; persistent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: How to Brighten Your Expectations for Your Future—Flexible Optimism and Hope Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. When Franco does his weekly shopping at the Farmers’ Market, he makes it a point to tell his rhubarb supplier, “Thank you Old MacDonald, for the rhubarb you grow that makes us healthy.” When he gets his hair cut, in addition to a tip, he says, “I appreciate you, gentle barber, for your tonsorial skills.” When he arrives at his bedsitter apartment, he looks out at the air shaft and thinks, “Life sure is sweet – a roof over my head and a hotplate in the kitchen….” What has Franco cultivated in his life? a) a means to an end b) an attitude of gratitude c) a hedonic discrepancy d) an air of defiance Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: Finding Happiness in Your Past—Maximizing Satisfaction and Contentment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. How a person evaluates past experiences reflects an average of the high and low points, combined with an assessment of how the experience was just before it ended, according to __________. a) duration neglect b) flow theory c) peak-end theory d) the attitude of gratitude Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: Finding Happiness in Your Past—Maximizing Satisfaction and Contentment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. The E in PERMA refers to __________. a) engagement b) eliciting happiness c) entertainment d) enlistment Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: Finding Happiness in the Present Moment—Pleasures and Gratifications Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. __________ is a good strategy for maximizing pleasure in the present moment. a) Compartmentalizing b) Anticipating c) Analyzing d) Savoring Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: Finding Happiness in the Present Moment—Pleasures and Gratifications Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. Practicing __________, which allows a person to pay exquisite attention to the present moment, is a key element of savoring. a) mindfulness b) eudemonia c) anticipation d) reflection Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: Finding Happiness in the Present Moment—Pleasures and Gratifications Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

45. The Gross National Happiness (GNH) measure refers to the concept that __________. a) happiness ratios vary per continent depending on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) b) indices of the emotional well-being of the population of a country are more relevant than objective measures such as consumption or Gross Domestic Product (GDP) c) the happiness level in a country has an inverse relationship to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) d) Gross National Happiness (GNH) is identical to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) when a country adopts the gold standard and provides a social safety net for the population Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.4 Describe activities and actions shown to increase happiness about your past, your future, and in the present.

Topic: Finding Happiness in the Present Moment—Pleasures and Gratifications Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. Veronica was feeling somewhat depressed. “Put on a happy face,” her grandmother advised. “Even if you don’t feel happy, act as though you’re happy. Trust me; I’ve been alive a very long time. I know what I’m talking about. It’ll work, and you’ll feel a lot better soon.” What expert advice for boosting happiness is Veronica’s grandmother elucidating? a) “Feel good, do good.” b) “Fake it till you make it.” c) “Do good, feel good.” d) “Be grateful for what you’ve got.”

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Topic: What Do Other Experts Recommend for Boosting Your Happiness?

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. What is the formula for well-being? a) Well-being = Optimism - Pessimism b) Well-being = (Optimism - Pessimism) / c) Well-being = Meaning X Happiness X Value d) Well-being = Happiness + Meaning Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Topic: What Do Other Experts Recommend for Boosting Your Happiness?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. What does the facial feedback effect propose? a) Posing facial expressions of basic emotions can trigger the experience of those emotions. b) Positive emotions are easier to display than neutral emotions. c) When one person smiles at another, the smile is reciprocated. d) The face is designed primarily to gather information rather than transmit it.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Topic: More on Fake it till you make it Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

49. Dinah wants to spend her money wisely to increase her happiness. What should she spend it on? a) elegant furniture b) a new sports car c) a diamond ring d) a trip to the Grand Canyon with her family Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Topic: Is There Such a Thing as Happy Money?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 50. HEAL has been proposed as a method for turning transitory positive experiences into lasting inner strengths.

What are the four steps in HEAL? a) Help one another, Encourage one another, Aid one another, Love one another b) Health, Exercise, Activity, Learning c) Have an experience, Enrich the experience, Absorb the experience, Link the experience d) Hear the proposal, Evaluate the proposal, Amplify the proposal, unLeash the proposal Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Topic: The Role of Neuroplasticity in Developing Positive Emotions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: The Role of Positive Emotions EOM Q7.1.1 Positive emotions __________.

A. have served the evolutionary purpose of signaling safety B. are rarely displayed by individuals who display a Duchenne smile C. are distracting and limit our effectiveness D. tend to increase our level of stress Consider This: When in danger, humans have to cope and don’t have time or space to evolve. When not in danger, we have time to grow and build our culture. 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

EOM Q7.1.2 The __________ and __________ theory explains the wide ranging beneficial effects of positive emotions on humankind.

A. broaden; build B. optimism; pessimism C. doing; undoing D. generosity; selfishness Consider This: Think of the two terms in the theory that would likely lead to wide-ranging benefits. 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

EOM Q7.1.3 Frederickson proposed an __________ component whereby positive emotions can function as an antidote to the physiological effects of negative emotions.

A. undoing B. unwrapping C. undulating D. umbrella Consider This: Think about how an antidote functions in a medical context. 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Quiz: How Should We Define Happiness?

EOM Q7.2.1 The definition of “authentic happiness” that is generally agreed upon by most people studying the concept is most similar to the concept of __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

A. satisfaction B. longevity C. floating on a cloud D. jumping for joy Consider This: Authentic happiness relates to a deep, lasting feeling. 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

EOM Q7.2.2 What tends to maximize the experience of authentic happiness?

A. feeling part of a community B. momentary successes C. religious ceremonies D. wishful thinking Consider This: Authentic happiness comes from living a purposeful life filled with meaning, in a supportive and nurturing environment. 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

EOM Q7.2.3 Seligman distinguishes authentic happiness from __________.

A. hedonism B. curiosity C. melancholy D. pessimism Consider This: Momentary pleasures are just that; momentary. Authentic happiness has a deeper, lasting quality to it. 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Quiz: Misconceptions About What Leads to Happiness EOM Q7.3.1 Riches and beauty do not lead to happiness in the long run because of the __________.

A. hedonic treadmill B. progress paradox C. inevitable health declines D. impermanence of beauty Consider This: Unfortunately, humans adapt quickly to fortunate circumstances, leading us to want more and more on a never-ending conveyor belt. 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

EOM Q7.3.2 Which of the following statements is applicable to your level of happiness?

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

A. The hedonic treadmill helps you recover from loss and disappointment.

B. One-hundred percent of your happiness level is due to your genetic heritage.

C. People typically underestimate how long positive feelings will last.

D. An optimistic outlook is unrelated to your happiness level.

Consider This: Most people are more resilient than they realize. 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

EOM Q7.3.3 Positive affectivity tends to be positively related to levels of __________ and negatively related to levels of __________.

A. extroversion; neuroticism B. introversion; optimism C. genetics; wealth D. religiosity; intelligence Consider This: It is easier to be happy when you are outgoing and free of high levels of anxiety. 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.3 Identify common misconceptions about what makes us happy and the mechanism which often causes happiness to be transient.

Quiz: How to Boost Your Happiness: The “V” Factor EOM Q7.4.1 Improving happiness about your past involves cultivating an attitude of __________ and practicing __________.

A. gratitude; forgiveness B. indifference; forgetting C. optimism; defensive pessimism D. peak end; duration neglect Consider This: The past is in the past; what seems like a healthy strategy for moving yourself into the present? 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

EOM Q7.4.2 __________ are longer lasting than __________ because they are more resistant to habituation and allow us to utilize and build upon our strengths.

A. Gratifications; pleasures B. Pleasures; gratifications C. Talents; hobbies D. Gratifications; flow Consider This: Recall the two aspects of present-moment happiness, and what their hedonic trajectories are. 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

EOM Q7.4.3 __________ is most likely to occur when there is an optimal balance between a person’s skills and the degree of challenge.

A. Flow B. Mindfulness C. Pleasure D. Savoring Consider This: Matching challenge to skill produces this feeling of absorption in the process of executing one’s tasks. 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

Quiz: What Do Other Experts Recommend for Boosting Your Happiness?

EOM Q7.5.1 Well-being = __________+__________ A. happiness; meaning B. eudemonia; savoring C. gratifications; pleasures D. gratitude; pleasure Consider This: Well-being is comprised of two elements that bring joy and purpose to your life. 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

EOM Q7.5.2 What type of purchases are more likely to lead to long term happiness?

A. experiential purchases B. material purchases C. expensive purchases D. buying on credit and taking a long time to pay Consider This: “Doing” tends to be more satisfying than “having.” 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

EOM Q7.5.3 Which of the following is more likely to decrease rather than increase your happiness level?

A. watching more TV B. exercising regularly C. keeping a gratitude journal D. getting in touch with your spirituality

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Consider This: Activity, either mental or physical, seems to trump inactivity when considering happiness.

7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Chapter Quiz: Experiencing Positive Emotions

EOC Q7.1 The Losada ratio of 2.9 : 1 of positive emotions to negative emotions predicts __________.

A. human flourishing B. your income C. the number of close friends you will make in your lifetime D. your anxiety level Consider This: What should experiencing more positive than negative emotions likely lead to? 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

EOC Q7.2 Which of the following has been reliably correlated with happiness?

A. having many good friends B. beauty C. high intelligence D. wealth and possessions Consider This: Remember the misconceptions about what leads to happiness. 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.1 Describe the connection between positive emotions and effectiveness.

EOC Q7.3 The hedonic treadmill explains the fact that __________.

A. we tend to adapt to fortunate and unfortunate circumstances B. it’s hard to lose weight when you eat while walking on the treadmill C. it is so hard to sustain an attitude of gratitude D. our happiness levels are determined by how many hours of exercise we do Consider This: Think of the definition of hedonism and how we always need more and more to sustain our positive mood. 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

EOC Q7.4 Self-reported happiness levels have not kept pace with advances in health, wealth, and education. This phenomenon is termed the __________.

A. progress paradox B. hedonic treadmill C. broaden and build hypothesis D. negativity bias

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Consider This: Advances in one area of our lives don’t necessarily imply advances in other areas. Some things move forward, but some things stay the same. 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.2 Identify the elements that help us to define happiness.

EOC Q7.5 __________ and __________ are ways to maximize pleasure in the present.

A. Savoring; mindfulness B. Drinking; driving C. Optimism; forgiveness D. Gratitude; forgetting Consider This: If you really enjoyed something right now, right in the moment, what factors would contribute to that enjoyment? 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.4 Describe actions and mindsets that can increase happiness about your past and future as well as in the present moment.

EOC Q7.6 Living a __________ life involves being happy and having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life.

A. eudemonic B. hedonistic C. materialistic D. philanthropic Consider This: This kind of lifestyle directly relates to PERMA. Recall the term used that encompasses all these attributes. 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

EOC Q7.7 Our brains evolved to have a(n) __________ where we are more sensitized to learn from unpleasant experiences. This occurs on an nonconscious, emotional level referred to as __________.

A. negativity bias; implicit memory B. hedonism bias; pleasure principle C. optimism bias; implicit memory D. genetic bias; positive affectivity Consider This: Recognizing, at some level, what might harm you can be adaptive. 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

EOC Q7.8 Which of the following is likely to decrease your happiness level rather than boost it?

A. Passively peruse Facebook and compare yourself to others without interacting.

B. Adopt an attitude of gratitude.

C. Focus on gratifications rather than pleasures.

D. Spend money on others rather than yourself.

Consider This: Having an outward rather than inward focus often contributes to happiness. 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

EOC Q7.9 Which of the following statements applies to happiness?

A. Attitude change follows behavior change.

B. Well-being = Beauty + Wealth C. Happiness is neither a cause nor an effect of life outcomes.

D. Hedonism produces flow.

Consider This: Sometimes we need to act differently before we can feel differently. 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

EOC Q7.10 The harder we try to get rid of unpleasant feelings, the more we create and perpetuate them. This pursuit of happiness can become a counterproductive, vicious cycle exemplified by __________.

A. experiential avoidance B. flow C. the pleasure principle D gratifications Consider This: ACT is based on helping you to sidestep this by emphasizing defusion techniques and mindfulness. 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 7.5 Differentiate among a variety of expert suggestions for enhancing happiness.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 8 Creating a Meaningful Vision 1. Transpersonal Psychology explores __________. a) the mind-body connection b) the effect of time changes, such as jet lag, on psychological functioning c) the interface between psychology and spirituality d) the effect of religion on psychological functioning Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: The Big Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. Carl Jung was an early proponent of Transpersonal Psychology, arguing that the __________ was a vast storehouse of accumulated experience that all humans could access. a) archetypal library b) psychic warehouse c) species reservoir d) collective unconscious Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: The Big Picture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Louie was telling Hidalgo about a time when he was thinking about his mother and reminiscing about the French silk pie she used to make. At just that moment the telephone rang, and it was Louie’s mother calling to tell Louie that she was thinking about him as she was making a French silk pie right then! “It’s crazy!” Louie remarked. “It’s as though there were some connecting principle, linked to the invisible, almost imperceptible, at work.” “Right,” Hidalgo replied. “You’re talking about a basic Jungian concept of Transpersonal Psychology.”

What concept is Hidalgo referring to? a) synchronicity b) collective unconscious c) spiritual enlightenment d) transpsychic energy exchange Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: The Big Picture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4. What fundamental starting point do adherents of Transpersonal Psychology adopt? a) All that we see is all that we can know. b) Life is a mystery. c) Science can eventually answer every question posed by humans. d) Psychologists know the secrets to leading a fulfilling life.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: Life is a Mystery Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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5. With which statement would a transpersonal psychologist be most likely to agree? a) Life is predictable. b) The future is knowable. c) Life is uncertain. d) We know what happens after death.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: Therefore, Life is Uncertain Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. A Tibetan farmer slams the door of her barn. Worlds away, a Texas rancher feels a vibration under his feet. In Alaska a glacier calves. The sea rises imperceptibly in New Guinea. The farmer feels a raindrop hit her nose.

What principle of transpersonal psychology is at work here? a) Nothing exists. b) Wonder is awe. c) The future is now. d) Everything is connected.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: Everything Is Connected Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

7. Assuming that “life is trouble,” what’s the best way to deal with it? a) Meet life’s challenges head on; jump in and solve the problems that arise. b) Avoid trouble at all costs; if you don’t look for it, it won’t find you. c) Practice self-denial; divest yourself of worldly goods and worldly concerns. d) Know that each day will bring some kind of misery; always expect the worst, because it will come.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Topic: Life Is Trouble Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

8. What is one of the “Three C’s of spirituality” proposed by Bill O’Hanlon? a) creativity b) compassion c) confusion d) character Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. Connection is one of the Three C’s of spirituality. It refers to __________. a) drawing parallels between your experiences and the experiences of others b) recognizing that vibrations in one set of atoms are connected to vibrations in other sets of atoms c) feeling a part of something larger and more expansive than one’s physical body

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) “seeing” the invisible threads that bind all of humanity together Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. Compassion is one of the Three C’s of spirituality. It refers to __________. a) treating oneself with dignity and respect b) having a lust for life c) helping others in times of sickness and need d) the capacity to see the world through another person’s eyes Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

11. Contribution is one of the Three C’s of spirituality. It refers to __________. a) providing service to others b) investing spiritual cash in a “psychic bank” c) constructing a lasting monument to oneself through good deeds d) building relationships with strangers Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. Which pathway leads to a sense of connection? a) Learn to forgive one’s own self. b) Develop a regular practice of meditation. c) Engage in random acts of kindness. d) Make an anonymous contribution to a cause you believe in.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. Which pathway leads to compassion? a) Listen deeply to a person in need. b) Become a patron of the arts. c) Practice daily gratitude. d) Volunteer your time at a worthwhile organization.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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14. Which pathway leads to contribution? a) Meditate on the importance of lessons learned from mistakes. b) Engage in random acts of kindness. c) Forgive someone who has wronged you. d) Develop a practice of journaling.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. Kenneth wants to attend completely to sensual experiences, so he visits a massage parlor that specializes in having five masseuses work on one person at a time, working on every part of his body. Which of the Three C’s of spirituality is Kenneth pursuing? a) contribution b) contrition c) connection d) compassion Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Charles begins each day by meditating on the importance of the lessons he’s learned from mistakes he and others have made. Every morning he chooses a past error and reflects on how it was rectified and what its deeper meaning is. Which of the Three C’s of spirituality is Charles pursuing? a) correction b) connection c) contribution d) compassion Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. Gwendolyn volunteers at the local soup kitchen every Saturday night. Although her friends invite her to do other activities with them, she prefers helping those with few resources. Which of the Three C’s of spirituality is Gwendolyn pursuing? a) contribution b) compassion c) connection d) consolidation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Topic: Pathways to Spirituality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 18. A __________ is a person’s search for an aspect of her or his destiny. a) crusade b) vision quest c) psychic stroll d) foretold prophecy Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. During a vision quest it is important to remember that __________. a) critical thinking alone can point you to your path b) your brain is a compass that will point to your path c) your heart is a compass that will point to your path d) your rational thought will lead you to your path Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

20. Padma wants to embark on a vision quest, so she locks herself in a hot room with no food and only enough water to keep her organs functioning. Sitting cross-legged in the barren room, sweat permeates her body, and her mind wanders to strange and unusual places. What is the purpose of Padma’s deprivation and extreme experiences? a) to atone for the sins that hold her back in life b) to cleanse her mind of psychic impurities c) to “sweat the small stuff” d) to transcend the limits of everyday perceptions Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. It has been said, by someone, that at the end of our lives we will be concerned with asking “Was I loved?” and “__________” a) Did I love well? b) Did I get it right? c) What comes next? d) How did I get here?

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. __________ is the process in which a person brainstorms about what she or he would wish for if there were unlimited wishes. a) Wishstorming b) Visualization

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) Wishful thinking d) Wishcraft Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. Gerald is carrying on an imaginary conversation with someone. “So, you’re coming next Thursday to harvest my soul, is that correct?” Gerald inquired. “And that will be for all eternity – no turning back, no second chance, right? That’s the deal? Okay, I can be available starting at noon on that day.” Mitzi, overhearing this, asks, “Who in the world are you talking to?! And about what?” “No one in this world,” Gerald replied. “I’m consulting with the Grim Reaper about my imminent demise.” Assuming Gerald has his wits about him, why would he be initiating this imaginary conversation?

A) to make a list of his sins, with the goal of counting them all and hopefully being under a “transgression maximum” B) in the hope of establishing a stronger bargaining position when his actual death does arrive C) as a way of prioritizing and clarifying his wishes, thereby pointing him toward greater flourishing D) because he knows he cannot stop for death, so death will kindly stop for him Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: A Consultation with the Grim Reaper Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. Gerald woke to the sound of his roommate, Mitzi, rhythmically chanting, “Tomorrow is today, today is now, now is forever….tomorrow is today, today is now, now is forever….” Fearing the worst, Gerald cautiously enquired about Mitzi’s activities. “Oh, everything’s great!” she replied. “I’m just affirming that I can create my own eternity.” Assuming Mitzi has her wits about her, why would she be pursuing this affirmation? a) In order to live in the “eternal tomorrow” and not have to face the realities of today. b) As a way of forestalling death, thereby avoiding a confrontation with the inevitable. c) To convince herself that her wishstorm rained a barrelful of wishes to fulfill her dreams. d) As a way of prioritizing and clarifying her wishes, thereby pointing her toward greater flourishing.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: Groundhog Day Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. Rupert Sheldrake describes a type of interconnectedness that occurs when enough people begin to believe something new, and a threshold has been reached. That idea or possibility then becomes a potential reality for all people. This is referred to as __________. a) Transpersonal Psychology b) morphic resonance c) synchronicity d) the collective unconscious Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 26. The concept of morphic resonance implies that __________. a) synchronicity is measurable and quantifiable b) thoughts are contagious c) individual freedom of choice is a myth; humans are guided by a single group mind that arises from group interaction d) all matter and living things are connected and affected by fields that influence their structure and behaviors Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. When we approach a situation by asking, “What went right, and how and why did it go right?” it is an example of __________. a) wishstorming b) morphic resonance c) appreciative inquiry d) abstract thinking Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Topic: The Vision Quest Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. In order to determine priorities and life goals, it is recommended that a person create __________. a) an autobiography b) an emotional bank account c) a personal mission statement d) a wishstorming list Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the elements included in and importance of a personal mission statement.

Topic: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. What is a personal mission statement most similar to? a) the constitution of a nation b) the Bill of Rights of the United States c) the Emancipation Proclamation d) the Treaty of Versailles Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the elements included in and importance of a personal mission statement.

Topic: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. What should a personal mission statement focus on? a) A person’s momentary goals based on recent interests and inquiries. b) The needs of the many, reflected in the goals of the few. c) Bringing harmony to the world through the thoughtful actions of individuals. d) A person’s largest goals based on their largest beliefs about the mystery of life.

Answer: d

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the elements included in and importance of a personal mission statement.

Topic: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. Which factor should a personal mission statement take into account? a) all the major roles a person plays in life b) the considerations of the three people a person considers most important in life c) the principle defining role a person adopts at that moment d) the needs of others before the needs of oneself Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the elements included in and importance of a personal mission statement.

Topic: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

32. Composing a personal mission statement can often identify incompatible goals. What strategy should be followed when this happens? a) Please your elders before pleasing yourself. b) Strive for balance across a variety of roles. c) Use the past to inform the present. d) Pursue the future with single-minded determination.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the elements included in and importance of a personal mission statement.

Topic: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. Norma celebrated her 100th birthday and as her loved ones gathered around, the inevitable question arose: What’s the most important accomplishment you’ve had in your life? “That’s easy,” Norma replied. “I always tried to be a good friend to others and to generally be a nice person every day.” These sentiments reflect an important part of Norma’s __________. a) personal mission statement b) morphic resonance c) future orientation d) collective unconscious Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.4 Describe the elements included in and importance of a personal mission statement.

Topic: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. Aldo wants to make sure that his goals reflect what he really wants. What should he do to determine that? a) take a psychedelic pill b) brainstorm c) wishstorm d) examine the goal of his goals Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Getting Clarity: The Goal of the Goal Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. Frida is making a list of her goals. “I don’t want to have a boss at work. I don’t want to be alone in life. I don’t want to miss out on opportunities that might come my way. I don’t want to….” she wrote, generating a large set of items. Although this is a worthwhile activity, what is a central problem with Frida’s approach? a) She should speak her goals rather than write them. b) She should adopt another person’s goals as a starting point. c) She should state her goals in positive terms. d) She should recite her goals silently to herself.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Six Steps for Securing Your Goals Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

36. Lester prioritized a goal of becoming an empathetic and supportive coworker, and told his friend Sharon about his plans. A few weeks later Sharon asked, “How’s it going at work, Les?” to which Lester replied, “Great!

I’ve met my goal. I went a whole week without anyone telling me I was a jerk.” What is problematic about Lester’s conclusions? a) He has the wrong priorities in life; he should have asked Sharon to make a list of the things he ought to accomplish at work. b) He phrased his goal of becoming more supportive in the negative; he should have phrased it in positive terms. c) Empathy is all in the mind; Lester was already an empathetic coworker, but he just didn’t realize it about himself. d) He hasn’t realistically thought about how he will know when he has reached his goal; in fact, it’s arguable that he hasn’t reached his goal.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Six Steps for Securing Your Goals Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. “What do you want from life?” Roger asked Michael. “To get cable TV and watch it every night? To achieve spiritual enlightenment? To have a large family? To travel the world?” “Umm,” Michael replied. “I guess I want to be nice and maybe be successful.” What is problematic about Michael’s statement of his goals? a) He should describe his goals as specifically as possible. b) He should wishstorm before replying. c) He has the wrong goals; no one can be truly happy in life. d) He should write his goals privately and not share them publically.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Six Steps for Securing Your Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

38. Janet wants to be a lawyer just so she can earn a high salary. But Janet does not like school and hates studying. Her goals are to get out of school as quickly as possible, limit studying, and get a job in the “real world.” This is an example of __________. a) an impersonal mission statement b) incompatible goals c) no goal of the goal d) inadequate visualization

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Six Steps for Securing Your Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

39. Eddie wants to be a tightrope walker in the traveling circus. He knows he has coordination and balance, but he lacks confidence, an agent, and a proper costume. Which step in securing his goals is Eddie confronting? a) stating his goal in positive terms b) describing his goals specifically c) knowing what he has and what he needs d) making a plan Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Six Steps for Securing Your Goals Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. After deciding upon the place where you want to be in the future, what is a useful next step? a) visiting other possible places to confirm your choice. b) working backwards to the place you are now c) eliminating all other possible paths d) figuring out how quickly you can get there Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.5 Define the recommended steps to secure your goals once they are clearly defined.

Topic: Six Steps for Securing Your Goals Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

41. The most critical element in the use of visualization involves __________. a) composing your personal mission statement b) going on a vision quest c) wishstorming d) getting into a relaxed state Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Topic: The Process of Visualization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. Most world class athletes utilize __________ as part of their training regimen. a) the goal of their goals b) representational systems c) visualization d) brainstorming Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Topic: Applications to Sports Performance Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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43. Research on visualization for healing indicates that __________. a) surviving and thriving is a matter of willpower rather than visualization b) visualization of their illness remitting leads to increased longevity in cancer patients c) visualization does not affect the survival rate of cancer patients d) visualization is most effective in reducing the length of a cold or the flu Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Topic: Applications for Healing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

44. The success of observational learning, even when done through a visualization process, can be partially explained by __________. a) the presence of mirror neurons in the brain b) the synchronicity effect c) morphic resonance d) the power of goal setting on motivation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Topic: Possible Explanations for How Visualization Works Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

45. What is a primary goal of ACT? a) to deconstruct behavior to its basic physiological elements, then recombine those elements anew b) to control the hearts and minds of those who adopt it as a spiritual system c) to promote world peace d) to create a rich, full, meaningful existence while accepting the inevitable pain in life Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Topic: Putting It All Together: Using ACT to Enhance Flourishing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. What happens when we try to suppress unwanted thoughts? a) The thoughts rebound and increase in frequency and intensity. b) The thoughts transform into positive learning experiences. c) We banish the thoughts forever to unconsciousness. d) We recognize the negativity that motivates our behavior.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Topic: Putting It All Together: Using ACT to Enhance Flourishing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. Which control strategy illustrates a “flight” response? a) self-criticism b) distraction c) suppression d) arguing

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Topic: Putting It All Together: Using ACT to Enhance Flourishing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. Which control strategy illustrates a “fight” response? a) hiding b) distraction c) arguing d) numbing Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Topic: Putting It All Together: Using ACT to Enhance Flourishing Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. Which technique is used in defusion as an element of ACT? a) body awareness b) value identification c) urge surfing d) notice and label Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the six Core Principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

Topic: Defusion—Perspectives and Techniques Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

50. What is the antidote to FEAR in the ACT system? a) DARE b) WAIT c) SWOOP d) STOP Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 8.8 Explain the six Core Principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

Topic: Taking Committed Action Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: The Big Picture EOM Q8.1.1 What is Transpersonal Psychology?

A. the study of the overlap between the realms of psychology and spirituality B. the study of groups C. a subfield within Interpersonal Psychology D. the psychology of LGBTQ issues Consider This: Humans are presumably more than a bag of skin and bones; some inner “light” must spark our endeavors. 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

EOM Q8.1.2 Jung referred to the storehouse of experience to which we are all connected as the __________.

A. collective unconscious B. Id C. Akashic record D. subconscious Consider This: Jung thought each human could tap into this deep well of information buried in our common psyche. 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

EOM Q8.1.3 Which of the following statements contradicts the philosophical underpinnings of Transpersonal Psychology?

A. You are separate from your environment.

B. Change in one part of a system provokes changes across the system.

C. One thing you can be certain of is that things will change.

D. Everything is connected.

Consider This: Think of the three Musketeers: “All for one, and one for all.” 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Quiz: Pathways to Spirituality EOM Q8.2.1 The “Three C’s” of spirituality offered by Bill O’Hanlon are __________, __________, and __________.

A. connection; compassion; contribution B. control; commitment; challenge C. compassion; contrition; competition

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D. collaboration; contemplation; compassion Consider This: Think about which terms would be related to spirituality. 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

EOM Q8.2.2 Contribution, that is, engaging in service and random acts of kindness can lead to __________.

A. the do good, feel good effect B. bad karma C. the feel good, do good effect D. good messages from the collective unconscious Consider This: Behavior can lead to emotion when we look back at an action and assign a hedonic valence to it. 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

EOM Q8.2.3 Which of the following is recommended by Bill O’Hanlon for developing compassion?

A. Forgive yourself and others.

B. Keep a mistake journal and dwell on it.

C. Learn to rely only on yourself.

D. Detach from the emotions of others.

Consider This: Humans are fallible; accepting that and moving on is a good idea. 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.2 Explain the roles of connection, compassion, and contribution in spirituality.

Quiz: The Vision Quest EOM Q8.3.1 Effective people consistently look __________ for reassurance that they are doing the right thing.

A. within themselves B. to experts C. to others D. to psychic readers Consider This: The correctness of behavior begins with the correctness of one’s intentions. 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

EOM Q8.3.2 At the end of our lives we will be concerned with the answers to only two questions which are: __________ A. Was I loved? Did I love well?

B. Was I famous? Was I successful?

C. Was I popular? Am I going to heaven?

D. Did I make enough money? Is my will fair?

Consider This: You may have a few more questions than this—it’s a little too early to tell—but these are the core questions we’re all likely to ask ourselves. 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

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Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

EOM Q8.3.3 A vision quest can be thought of as __________.

A. a search for your destiny B. a search for your significant other C. meaningful coincidences D. a storehouse of experience to which we are all connected Consider This: Whatever will be will be. The best you can do is look for what that is. 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Quiz: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept it EOM Q8.4.1 Your personal mission statement __________.

A. functions as your own personal constitution B. is a statement of your day to day, small goals C. should not be reflective of your values D. needs to be completed if you plan on becoming a missionary Consider This: In order to form a more perfect union, we ought to give some thought as to what our personal goals, desires, and purposes are. 8.4 Describe the elements included in and the importance of a personal mission statement.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.4 Describe the elements included in and the importance of a personal mission statement.

EOM Q8.4.2 Your mission statement should __________.

A. reflect your values B. ignore the major roles you play in your life C. reflect the kind of person your parents want you to be D. focus on how to best conform to your primary group Consider This: This is your personal mission statement; therefore, it should be a statement about who you are and what you want for your life. 8.4 Describe the elements included in and the importance of a personal mission statement.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.4 Describe the elements included in and the importance of a personal mission statement.

EOM Q8.4.3 It is important that your personal mission statement take into consideration __________.

A. all the major roles you play in your life B. the expectations of your parents C. the size of your bank account D. only a few roles so you can focus better Consider This: From only your perspective, what should you include if you take a bird’s-eye view of your life? 8.4 Describe the elements included in and the importance of a personal mission statement.

Skill: Understand

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Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.4 Describe the elements included in and the importance of a personal mission statement.

Quiz: Getting Clarity: The Goal of the Goal EOM Q8.5.1 To determine whether a goal is truly right for you __________.

A. assess the goal of the goal B. consult a shaman C. ask others for their opinion D. pay attention to your mistakes Consider This: Metacognition refers to knowing that you know things. Apply metacognition to knowing which objective is right for you. 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

EOM Q8.5.2 Which of the following applies to goal setting?

A. State your goal in positive terms in a way that does not depend on the behavior of others.

B. Avoid setting benchmarks so you don’t get discouraged.

C. Don’t be afraid to set incompatible goals. The universe will sort it out.

D. Describe your goal globally rather than specifically.

Consider This: A statement of your goals should reflect what you want (as opposed to what you do not want) that you can achieve as a result of your own actions. 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

EOM Q8.5.3 What is the purpose of exploring the goal of the goal?

A. to help you figure out what you really want B. to confuse you C. to assist you in wishstorming D. to gain enlightenment Consider This: Sometimes we have to dig deep to truly understand what we most want and need. 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

Quiz: Visualization EOM Q8.6.1 Imagery that enables you to feel as if you are in the experience is referred to as __________ imagery.

A. participant B. observer C. vivid D. sensory Consider This: Don’t dream it; be it. The sidelines are no place to be when you’re utilizing imagery. 8.6

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Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

EOM Q8.6.2 Representational systems refer to __________.

A. the five senses B. learning styles C. visual cues D. categories of visual images Consider This: The complexity of the external and internal world is best conveyed through multiple channels of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

EOM Q8.6.3 Research on applications of visualization for sports performance demonstrates __________.

A. that for world-class athletes in the U.S. and Russia performance improvement directly corresponded to the percentage of time spent in mental rehearsal B. that it helps for baseball but not basketball C. that it actually hurts performance because it detracts from practice time D. that visualization does not facilitate performance Consider This: There is a reason why performers and Olympic athletes practice mental rehearsal. 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Quiz: Putting It All Together: Using ACT to Enhance Flourishing EOM Q8.7.1 ACT stands for accepting your thoughts and feelings, choosing your values, and __________.

A. taking action B. trying new approaches C. testing yourself D. talking it out Consider This: Recall what this acronym stands for, and think about what the last step in that acronym is likely to be. 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

EOM Q8.7.2 The happiness trap results from __________.

A. believing any or all four myths related to your thoughts and feelings regarding happiness B. living in the present moment, rather than looking to the future C. not being able to control what we think or feel D. not pursuing happiness forcefully enough in your daily life Consider This: The very pursuit of happiness often makes us more unhappy, creating a vicious cycle. 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

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Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

EOM Q8.7.3 Research on mental suppression of thoughts and feelings illustrates that that which you resist __________.

A. persists B. vanishes C. enlists D. haunts Consider This: Try not to think of a white bear. How successful were you? 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Quiz: The 6 Core Principles of ACT EOM Q8.8.1 All of the following are Core Principles of ACT except __________.

A. fusion B. expansion C. defusion D. connection Consider This: Recall the six core principles of ACT, and identify which of these doesn’t belong. 8.8 Explain the six core principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.8 Explain the six core principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

EOM Q8.8.2 ACT encourages you to __________.

A. give up on the pursuit of happiness B. try harder to be happy C. separate your values and your goals D. fuse with your thoughts and feelings Consider This: “Wanting” and “getting” are different things – sometimes the “wanting” gets in the way of the “getting.” 8.8 Explain the six core principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.8 Explain the six core principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

EOM Q8.8.3 The core principles of ACT build on __________.

A. the practice of mindfulness B. the fight/flight reaction C. the pursuit of happiness D. ignoring your values

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Consider This: Act now! This moment is all we have – until the next moment comes along. 8.8 Explain the six core principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.8 Explain the six core principles of ACT and how to apply them to deal with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and images.

Chapter Quiz: Create a Meaningful Vision EOC Q8.1 A possible alternate title for Chapter 8 could have been “__________.”

A. Follow the Path With the Heart B. Focus on Performance C. Life Is Easy, Only Death Is Not D. Breathe In and Out Consider This: It’s the journey, not the destination, that counts. Getting there is half the fun! 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.1 Describe some of the guideposts that can help us as we try to define our path in life.

EOC Q8.2 Considering your own death __________.

A. can help you clarify your goals and values B. is too scary to contemplate C. should motivate you to plan your funeral arrangements D. should be avoided Consider This: How will people evaluate you when you’re gone? What do you want on your tombstone?

8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

EOC Q8.3 The notion that all matter and living things are connected and affected by fields that influence their structure and behavior is termed __________ by Rupert Sheldrake.

A. morphic resonance B. Transpersonal Psychology C. appreciative inquiry D. paranormal phenomena Consider This: What’s the term used for this interconnectivity? 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

EOC Q8.4 __________ is a useful technique where you consider what is right about a situation and ask how it can be recreated.

A. Appreciative inquiry B. Morphic resonance C. Transpersonal inquiry D. Wishstorming

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Consider This: You’ll be glad you questioned what works, so you can rely on that information in the future.

8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.3 Define the components of a vision quest.

EOC Q8.5 When developing a step-by-step plan to reach your goal, it is helpful to __________.

A. work backwards B. only focus on the goal of the goal C. be a perfectionist D. wishstorm Consider This: Envisioning standing at our destination can be useful in imagining the best path to take in getting there. 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.5 Define the recommended steps to securing your goals once they are clearly defined.

EOC Q8.6 Which of the following statements applies to the process of visualization?

A. Both participant and observer imagery are useful in the visualization process.

B. Athletes who practice their sport with mental rehearsal typically find it to be a waste of time.

C. Relaxation is irrelevant to the visualization process.

D. It is a myth that visualization practice can facilitate either healing or sports performance.

Consider This: There are many ways to interpret a scene; adopting multiple perspectives can be useful.

8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

EOC Q8.7 When you imagine watching yourself having an experience, this is called __________.

A. observer imagery B. participant imagery C. witnessing stance D. observer self Consider This: Recall how you would describe imagining yourself performing the behavior, then switch perspectives. 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

EOC Q8.8 The success of visualization is hypothesized to be a result of which part of the brain?

A. mirror neurons B. the hippocampus C. the frontal cortex D. the amygdala Consider This: These are the same brain cells that help you copy the behavior of others. 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

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EOC Q8.9 Which of the following guidelines is useful for the successful practice of visualization?

A. Start by relaxing.

B. Use only visual imagery and ignore the distractions of other sensory systems.

C. Use only observer imagery.

D. Push yourself and try as hard as you can.

Consider This: Visualization seems most effective with a calm and open mind. 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.6 Define the process of visualization and discuss its various applications.

EOC Q8.10 ACT __________.

A. emphasizes that your efforts to rein in your negative thoughts and feelings often end up making them worse B. aims to help you to avoid feeling emotional pain or thinking negative thoughts C. is a method for goal setting D. is a new type of visualization technique Consider This: Some things are simply beyond our control, but recognizing that gives us some control anyway. 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 8.7 Describe how ACT differs from other perspectives on how to achieve well-being.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 9 Developing Your Emotional Intelligence 1. According to Daniel Goleman, which attribute is a poor predictor of effectiveness in life? a) emotional intelligence b) perceptiveness c) intelligence d) interpersonal awareness Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

2. What does the concept of “EQ” represent? a) EQuality, a necessary attribute for human flourishing b) effective questioning, a process by which people chart their life course c) emotional quotient, a counterpart to intelligence quotient (IQ) d) EQuanimity, or the sense of inner peace that accompanies self-actualized people Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Which attribute best describes someone with good emotional intelligence? a) manipulative b) conceited c) perceptive d) productive Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. David was valedictorian of his high school graduating class and also near the top of his class in college, but never lived up to his potential after that. He often alienated people, leading to three failed marriages and trouble holding a job for any length of time. It is likely that David had a low level of __________. a) motivation b) emotional intelligence c) patience d) luck Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

5. According to Daniel Goleman, IQ contributes __________ to the factors leading to success in life. a) 20 percent

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) 50 percent c) 80 percent d) 90 percent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. A person with high EQ would be expected to __________. a) quickly become a millionaire b) never get angry c) have a zero balance in the emotional bank account d) get along well with other people Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. A person with high EQ should be able to __________. a) read at an advanced level b) excel at choosing stocks c) defuse conflict d) solve difficult math problems Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 8. IQ is __________; EQ is __________. a) relatively stable; relatively stable b) relatively stable; modifiable c) easily increased; relatively stable d) easily increased; modifiable Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

9. Alan completes the Mood Awareness Scale and scores high on the dimension of mood labeling, a measure of clarity of one’s emotional states. This outcome represents the __________ aspect of emotional intelligence. a) perceptiveness b) self-awareness c) self-motivation d) handling relationships Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

10. Alan completes the Mood Awareness Scale and scores high on the dimension of mood monitoring, a measure of attention to one’s emotional states. This outcome represents the __________ aspect of emotional intelligence. a) self-motivation b) perceptiveness c) handling relationships d) managing emotions Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. D’andre is skilled at delaying gratification, persevering at a task, waiting for rewards, and staying focused.

D’andre is showing many of the attributes associated with which domain of emotional intelligence? a) self-motivation b) handling relationships c) perceptiveness d) managing emotions Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. Listening skills, conversational skills, conflict resolution, and establishing rapport are all aspects of the __________ domain of emotional intelligence. a) managing emotions b) self-motivation c) handling relationships d) self-awareness Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. Emotional intelligence has been associated with __________. a) lower levels of depression b) higher rates of substance abuse c) lower levels of optimism d) higher levels of impulsiveness Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Emotional intelligence has been associated with __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) higher levels of prosocial behavior b) higher levels of depression c) higher levels of impulsiveness d) higher levels of substance abuse Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Topic: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

15. Interpersonal effectiveness is characterized by __________. a) independence b) interdependence c) dependence d) co-dependence Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. __________ results from two or more independent individuals coming together to achieve a common goal. a) Dependence b) Co-dependence c) Synchronicity d) Interdependence Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. Two interdependent individuals can achieve more than the sum of their individual accomplishments due to __________. a) the multiplicity effect b) the predominance of win-win situations c) synergy d) collective insight Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. Which statement is correct? a) Independence is always superior to interdependence. b) In order to be interdependent, two people must first be co-dependent. c) In order to be co-dependent, two people must first be independent. d) Healthy marriages reflect interdependence.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

19. What are the two outcomes that dependence can directly lead to? a) independence or co-dependence b) independence or interdependence c) co-dependence or interdependence d) intradependence or interdependence Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. A person who enables or supports the problems of a significant other out of fear of angering that person is said to be __________. a) co-dependent b) dependent c) interdependent d) independent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

21. When can true interdependence be achieved? a) Directly after abandoning dependency. b) Only after a person has successfully established independence. c) Only after a period of co-dependency. d) True interdependence can unfortunately never be achieved.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. How should becoming independent and interdependent be characterized? a) They are static goals that, once achieved, can be maintained. b) They are goals to be achieved in an ongoing life-long process. c) They are unachievable ideals meant only as a proof-of-concept. d) They necessarily fluctuate periodically with periods of co-dependence.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Topic: From Independence to Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

23. An outcome that satisfies the needs of everyone involved is referred to as a __________ outcome. a) lose-lose b) win-lose

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) win-win d) lose-win Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: The Win-Win Frame Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. Athletic competitions are based on __________ outcomes. a) lose-lose b) win-lose c) win-win d) cooperative Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Lose or Lose-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

25. Cooperation is to __________ as competition is to __________. a) win-lose; win-win b) lose-win; win-lose c) win-win; win-lose d) lose-lose; win-win Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Lose or Lose-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. An outcome that satisfies the needs of no one involved is referred to as a __________ outcome. a) lose-lose b) win-lose c) win-win d) lose-win Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Lose-Lose Outcomes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. Conglomerate, Inc. enters into discussions with Multinational, LLC. regarding a possible merger of assets.

Each company wants to protect its own interests, yet each company sincerely wants to negotiate for the betterment of both. Wisely, the lawyers for both Conglomerate and Multinational agreed ahead of time that if a deal could not be struck, both parties would exit with no hard feelings. What kind of outcome were these corporations seeking? a) win-lose b) lose-win

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) lose-lose d) win-win or no deal Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Other Possible Outcomes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. What brain area is especially active when we are subjected to unfair conditions? a) the anterior insula b) the pons c) the left parietal lobe d) the medulla oblongata Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. To achieve win-win outcomes on a global scale, people must be persuaded to practice __________ so that the needs of both the present and the future can be met. a) slash and burn agriculture b) “the Croatian compromise” c) sustainable development d) abstinence Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. Anyone in an interpersonal relationship implicitly holds an __________ with the other person, the contents of which contribute to levels of trust in the relationship. a) unconscious resentment b) emotional bank account c) interdependent triad d) activated stronghold Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. Dino maintains a close relationship with his coworkers. It is imperative that they form an interdependent network so that the needs of all can be achieved through the success of each person. Dino is particularly attentive to promises he makes to his fellows, whether it’s to attend a Friday afternoon meeting, bring a favorite recipe from home, or double-check the supply of copier paper. Which type of deposit is Dino making in his emotional savings account?

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) clarifying expectations b) understanding the individual c) apologizing sincerely d) keeping commitments Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

32. The need to be __________ should be sacrificed in service of the goal of __________. a) right; win-win b) competitive; win-lose c) cooperative; win-win d) liked; lose-win Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. Whose shoes should you wear when trying to achieve a win-win outcome? a) an external observer’s shoes b) your own shoes c) the other person’s shoes d) nobody’s; go barefoot Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: Win-Win Outcomes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. Which set of circumstances should result in giving in to the desires of another person? a) if the other person is willing to cooperate b) if the issue is very important to that person and not very important to you c) if sufficient time does not exist to forge a win-win solution d) if the other person is not open to a win-win outcome Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: When Not to Try for Win-Win Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. Which set of circumstances should result in a compromise with another person? a) if you discover that you are wrong b) if the long term cost of winning outweighs the short term gains c) if the issue is not important enough to spend time in further negotiation d) if the issue is very important to you and not very important to the other person

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Topic: When Not to Try for Win-Win Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. Which brain structures are active when we experience empathy? a) mirror neurons b) Sylvian fissures c) nodes of Ranvier d) adenoids Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Empathy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. What is a benefit of practicing empathy? a) securing win-lose outcomes b) capitalizing on the do good, feel good effect c) increasing memory capacity d) acquiring religiosity Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Benefits of Empathy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. A prerequisite for empathy is a willingness to resist which activity? a) observing nonverbal behaviors b) stepping into the shoes of the other person c) looking for win-win outcomes d) making snap judgments Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Blocks to Empathy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

39. Bobette was taking a walk in her neighborhood minutes after the garbage collectors had made their rounds.

As she walked, she stopped at each house and wheeled the garbage bins back up the driveways, just to save the homeowners a little time and effort. Which aspect of social compassion was Bobette cultivating for herself? a) opening her heart b) engaging in reflective listening c) reframing judgments of others d) practicing random acts of kindness Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Cultivating Empathy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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40. Willie and Phil were walking downtown one afternoon when they passed a homeless person. “Lousy bum,” Willie remarked, “he should get a job.” “Maybe his house burned down, and he’s trying the best he can to get a meal for his family,” Phil countered. Which aspect of social compassion was Phil cultivating for himself? a) practicing active listening b) paying attention to similarities c) reframing to counteract snap judgments d) engaging in community service Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Cultivating Empathy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. Charlene sets aside two hours each week in her busy schedule to volunteer at the public library, teaching English to non-native speaking children. Which aspect of social compassion is Charlene cultivating for herself? a) engaging in community service b) paying attention to similarities c) trying on the shoes of the other d) reframing her judgments of others Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Cultivating Empathy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

42. Mitch and Arlene have three children: Joey, Johnny, and Marky. They pay attention to their children’s emotions and model appropriate emotional responses themselves. They highlight the value of volunteering in the community and make it a point to encourage the boys to do so themselves. Which aspect of social compassion are Mitch and Arlene cultivating? a) opening their hearts b) paying attention to similarities c) trying on the shoes of the other d) raising their children to be helpful Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Topic: Cultivating Empathy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. Research evidence demonstrates that cathartic expressions of anger __________. a) are always therapeutic b) are likely to reinforce the anger c) inhibit the Vesuvius effect d) stem from the collective unconscious Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Topic: Catharsis Is Not Always the Answer Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

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44. As a child, Alvin liked to torture small animals and watch movies containing lots of brutality. His father had a violent temper and often physically abused Alvin’s mother, siblings, and Alvin himself. What prediction for Alvin’s later behavior is likely? a) He will become an animal-rights activist. b) His anger will escalate to violence. c) He will display little aggression in public. d) He will seek catharsis to vent his angry emotions.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Topic: The Nature of Anger Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

45. According to Daniel Goleman, explosive outbursts of anger are the product of __________. a) emotional hijackings b) rampant catharsis c) mental illness d) too much testosterone Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Topic: The Physiology of Anger Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

46. __________ is a technique recommended for controlling anger that works by interrupting cognitions. a) Thought stopping b) The Vesuvius effect c) Looking for comedy d) Appreciating the grand drama Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Topic: Learning to Control Anger Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. Which conclusion about forgiveness is true? a) It is an all or nothing experience that happens suddenly. b) It is a process that often follows stages. c) It can only happen if the perpetrator repents. d) In can only happen in the context of traditional organized religion.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Topic: Forgiveness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

48. Forgiveness is facilitated through the development of __________. a) the warrior stance

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) anger c) empathy d) self-awareness Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Topic: Forgiveness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. Research findings indicate that forgiveness leads to __________. a) getting taken advantage of b) susceptibility to road rage c) improvements in emotional and physical well-being d) increased stress levels Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Topic: Forgiveness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. When going through the various stages of the process of forgiveness, a person eventually passes from __________ to __________. a) anger; euphoria b) victim; survivor c) indignation; self-blame d) self-control; oneness Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Topic: Forgiveness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: The Concept of Emotional Intelligence EOM Q9.1.1 EQ is composed of all of the following except __________.

A. IQ B. managing your emotions C. self-awareness D. handling relationships Consider This: Recall what EQ stands for, then rule out what wouldn’t be included in that concept. 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

EOM Q9.1.2 Which of the following describes perceptiveness?

A. the ability to perceive and correctly identify the emotions of others B. focusing on the words of others and ignoring nonverbal behaviors C. focusing only on yourself D. being popular and charismatic Consider This: Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes can be an important part of connecting. 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

EOM Q9.1.3 Which of the following contributes most to effectiveness?

A. EQ B. IQ C. luck D. wealth Consider This: What skill could be actively cultivated by a person, and therefore contribute to effectiveness? 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Quiz: Effectiveness in Relationships EOM Q9.2.1 __________ happens when two individuals work together and achieve more than the sum of their individual contributions.

A. Synergy B. Co-dependence C. Independence

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D. Interdependence Consider This: Which of these alternatives takes into consideration the positive interaction effects of individuals working together towards a common goal? 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

EOM Q9.2.2 __________ is the type of relationship that ensues when two or more independent individuals decide to come together to achieve a common goal.

A. Interdependence B. Co-dependence C. Dependence D. Synergistic Consider This: Two independent individuals pursuing the same goals would produce what kind of relationship? 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

EOM Q9.2.3 A person who enables or supports the problems of a significant other out of fear of angering that person is said to be __________.

A. co-dependent B. dependent C. interdependent D. independent Consider This: All of these options involve “dependence.” What kind of dependence characterizes this particular situation? 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.2 Differentiate between the terms independent, interdependent, and co-dependent.

Quiz: The Win-Win Frame EOM Q9.3.1 A key component of interpersonal effectiveness involves looking for __________ outcomes.

A. win-win B. win-lose C. lose-lose D. synergistic Consider This: Which of these outcomes sounds like it would be the most beneficial? 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

EOM Q9.3.2 For win-win outcomes to be possible trust must be built. What is a good way to build that trust?

A. Make deposits in the emotional bank account of the other.

B. Hide your expectations.

C. Ignore the little things and only focus on big things.

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D. Insist that you are right.

Consider This: Trust is a state of a relationship between people. What kinds of acts foster and strengthen relationships? 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

EOM Q9.3.3 When should you abandon looking for a win-win outcome?

A. when other people need to learn a valuable lesson by making a mistake B. when a long-term relationship between you and the other is in jeopardy C. when the other is willing to cooperate D. when the issue is of vital importance to you and the other party Consider This: Sometimes going for the win isn’t the most important consideration. What might you want another person to be able to experience in these situations? 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Quiz: Empathy EOM Q9.4.1 __________ in the brain provide the neurological basis for the empathic response.

A. Mirror neurons B. Motor neurons C. Synaptic pathways D. Epigenetic triggers Consider This: Reflect on these choices. What elements found in the brain might provide this ability? 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

EOM Q9.4.2 Which of the following is a block to empathy?

A. making snap judgments B. noticing similarities to another C. stepping into the shoes of another D. opening your heart Consider This: Think of the characteristics involved in being empathic, then identify which of these doesn’t belong. 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

EOM Q9.4.3 To cultivate empathy, __________.

A. step into the shoes of another B. trust your snap judgments C. attend to how others are different from you D. talk about yourself

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Consider This: Think about the definition of empathy, then identify which of these choices would facilitate achieving that. 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.4 Recognize the benefits and challenges of putting ourselves into the shoes of others.

Quiz: The Nature of Anger EOM Q9.5.1 An emotional hijacking occurs when the __________ triggers the fight/flight response which bypasses the __________, inhibiting its ability to process information rationally.

A. amygdala; prefrontal cortex B. hippocampus; amygdala C. amygdala; cerebellum D. cortex; mirror neurons Consider This: Normally the brain works together as a seamless unit. When a hijacking occurs, what important decision-making center might be cut off from the rest of the brain? 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOM Q9.5.2 Which aspect of the Type A personality is associated with a higher risk for heart attacks?

A. anger B. compulsivity C. being laid back D. achievement orientation Consider This: Some of these choices fit the Type A behavior pattern and some do not. Can you identify the aspect that would be related to poor health outcomes, such as heart attacks? 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOM Q9.5.3 Which of the following is useful for controlling anger?

A. adopting a cooling off period B. engaging in the Vesuvius effect C. hyperventilation D. dwelling on criticism Consider This: In the heat of the moment, anger can sometimes get the better of us. Think of an effective way to counteract that spontaneity. 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Quiz: Forgiveness EOM Q9.6.1 Which of the following statements applies to the process of forgiveness?

A. Forgiveness is as much for you as for the other person.

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B. Forgiveness is an all or none experience which does not follow any particular stages.

C. Empathy is irrelevant for forgiveness.

D. In order to forgive, you must forget.

Consider This: Consider that holding a grudge uses a lot of your emotional energy which can undermine your own functioning. 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

EOM Q9.6.2 Forgiveness is facilitated through the development of __________.

A. empathy B. a Type B personality C. a plan for revenge D. repression Consider This: Which of these options seems most likely to contribute to a forgiving attitude? 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

EOM Q9.6.3 All of the following are stages in the process of forgiveness except “__________.”

A. emotional hijacking B. victim C. survivor D. self-blame Consider This: Recall the six stages of forgiveness, then identify which of these options doesn’t belong with the others. 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.6 Define the process of forgiveness.

Chapter Quiz: Developing Your Emotional Intelligence EOC Q9.1 Skill in understanding yourself and reading the emotional reactions of others is an important component in __________.

A. emotional intelligence B. problem solving C. cognitive intelligence D. making money Consider This: Knowing your own feelings and recognizing the feelings of others sound like components of the same overall affective skill. 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.1 Describe the history and different domains of the concept of emotional intelligence.

EOC Q9.2 According to Covey, to go for a win-win outcome you need both __________ and __________.

A. consideration; courage B. communication; competition

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C. cunning; communication D. commitment; challenge Consider This: Of the choices given here, which ones sound like they would produce mutually-beneficial outcomes? 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

EOC Q9.3 In order to really understand and appreciate another person’s point of view, you need to __________.

A. step into their shoes B. employ a cooling down period C. be co-dependent D. forgive and forget Consider This: What’s an easy way, metaphorically, to adopt someone else’s perspective? 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

EOC Q9.4 Unrestrained expression of anger has been termed the __________ effect.

A. Vesuvius B. Donald Trump C. Hijacking D. Marshmallow Consider This: The explosion of expression without restraint is reminiscent of what kind of phenomenon?

9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOC Q9.5 Catharsis—the immediate venting of anger— __________.

A. is typically not a reliable nor effective way of reducing anger B. is recommended by experts for dispelling your anger C. is typical of the Type B personality D. is not related to emotional hijackings Consider This: Catharsis is a very popular idea, but popularity and accuracy are not the same thing. 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOC Q9.6 __________ individuals tend to be very hard driving, achievement oriented, compulsive, overly concerned with time pressure, and easy to anger, as compared to __________ individuals who are laid back, easygoing, and less concerned with time.

A. Type A; Type B B. Type B; type A C. Type C; Type D D. Type B; Type EQ Consider This: Recall the characteristics of the two main personality types described in this chapter. 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

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Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Easy Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOC Q9.7 Cognitive restructuring techniques are more effective if used __________ in the anger sequence.

A. early B. late C. midway D. at any point Consider This: Nipping bad outcomes in the bud seems better than pruning the limbs of discontent. 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOC Q9.8 Which of the following statements applies to reducing anger?

A. You always have a choice whether to be angry.

B. Anger is always bad for you.

C. Physical exercise will not defuse anger.

D. Reframing is useless for defusing anger.

Consider This: What seems like a simple and effective way of responding to a potentially anger-inducing experience? 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

EOC Q9.9 Which of the following statements applies to interpersonal effectiveness?

A. It is not always possible to get a win-win outcome.

B. In order to be interdependent you, must be co-dependent.

C. You need to prove to other people that your way is the right way.

D. Independence is always superior to interdependence.

Consider This: You can’t always get what you want, but if you try sometimes, you just might find you get what you need. 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.3 Explain the importance of a win-win paradigm to the concept of interpersonal effectiveness.

EOC Q9.10 Which of the following applies to anger?

A. When we express anger in constructive ways our level of cortisol, a stress hormone, decreases.

B. Venting your anger will always reliably reduce it.

C. Playing violent video games has no effect on aggression for anyone.

D. Recent findings in neuroscience reveal that anger is always bad for you.

Consider This: Handling things effectively often facilitates the lowering of your arousal level, a positive health byproduct. 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 9.5 Describe the nature of anger and effective methods for managing anger constructively.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 10 Building Effective Communication Skills 1. In the ancient Greek view of communication, __________ referred to a speaker’s credibility, trustworthiness, and integrity. a) agape b) logos c) pathos d) ethos Answer: d Learning Objective: Introduction Topic: Pathos: Developing Empathy by Enhancing Listening Skills Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. In the ancient Greek view of communication, __________ referred to a person’s empathy, an ability to attune to the emotional content of a speaker’s message. a) pathos b) logos c) ethos d) arete Answer: a Learning Objective: Introduction Topic: Pathos: Developing Empathy by Enhancing Listening Skills Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. In the ancient Greek view of communication, __________ referred to a speaker’s logical reasoning when delivering a message. a) ethos b) pathos c) logos d) eros Answer: c Learning Objective: Introduction.

Topic: Pathos: Developing Empathy by Enhancing Listening Skills Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. In order to be an effective communicator, which sequence of attributes should be followed? a) pathos, then ethos, then logos b) ethos, then pathos, then logos c) logos, then pathos, then ethos d) pathos, then logos, then ethos Answer: b Learning Objective: Introduction Topic: Pathos: Developing Empathy by Enhancing Listening Skills Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

5. Listening is __________, whereas hearing is __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) unteachable; teachable b) active; passive c) automatic; effortful d) passive; active Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Listening vs. Hearing Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. Studies of both college students and employees of Fortune 500 companies revealed that people spend the majority of their time during their workdays __________. a) reading b) talking c) writing d) listening Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Listening vs. Hearing Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

7. By some estimates, how much of a speaker’s message is retained two days after hearing it? a) 5 percent b) 25 percent c) 50 percent d) 80 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: The Epidemic of Poor Listening Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. In a case study of students’ attention during class lectures, what general conclusion was reached? a) Fifty percent of students were listening to the presentation, while an equal 50 percent were not. b) The majority of students in class were doing or thinking about anything other than the lecture material. c) The majority of students in class were actively listening to and engaged in the lecture presentation. d) There was an even split of 10 groups (10 percent of the students) engaged in 10 types of non-listening tasks.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: The Epidemic of Poor Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

9. When does pseudolistening take place? a) when a speaker’s communication is difficult to interpret, as occurs when someone speaks with an accent or mumbles while talking b) when a person is listening to, but not really hearing, what another person has to say

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e C) when the listener’s intention is something other than understanding, enjoying, learning from, or helping the speaker D) when the native languages of a speaker and a listener are different Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. Stefano was listening to Esmeralda as she spoke passionately about her views on equal rights for all. He nodded his head and added appropriate “uh huh’s” as she spoke, but all the while he was really just assembling counterarguments in his mind, so that he could challenge her position when she stopped talking. What was Stefano engaged in? a) pathos b) pseudo-commentary c) pseudolistening d) ethos Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

11. Advising is a block to effective listening in which a person __________. a) judges the remarks as good or bad b) interrupts needlessly and frequently c) only listens to what she or he wants to hear d) focuses on finding the solution at the expense of listening Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. Rudolpho is pretending to listen as Martha tells an amusing anecdote about her recent trip to the Catskills.

At any and every break in the conversation, Rudolpho interjects with his own amusing anecdote about his own travels and finds a way to shift the conversation to his interests and his storytelling. What barrier to effective listening is Rudolpho demonstrating? a) stage-hogging b) mind-reading c) stereotyping d) rehearsing Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 13. As George was speaking, Mindy was thinking about her response to his comments. What barrier to effective listening is Mindy demonstrating? a) advising b) filtering c) rehearsing d) comparing Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Sondra is trying to tell Jocko about her feelings. “I’ve just been feeling so depressed lately,” she confides. In response, Jocko begins talking about sports. She further expresses a concern over her increased drinking, which she feels is her only way to cope. Jocko begins making jokes about the appearances of passersby. What barrier to effective listening is Jocko demonstrating? a) comparing b) derailing c) stereotyping d) daydreaming Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

15. Sometimes listeners are invested in being “nice” or “polite,” and therefore agree with everything a speaker has to say, even to the point of ignoring their true opinions or feelings. Which barrier to effective listening does this represent? a) overreacting b) hidden agendas c) filtering d) placating Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Topic: Barriers to Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Active listening is a process of __________. a) listening about 50 percent of the time and talking about 50 percent of the time b) ensuring that you are moving some part of your body as you listen to someone c) giving the speaker nonjudgmental responses as a way of checking the accuracy of what you heard d) thinking about your response while the speaker is talking so as to be ready to reply when the speaker pauses Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Active Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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17. If Spiro is practicing active listening, what will he say to Richard as they converse? a) “What I hear you saying is…” b) “Could you repeat that?” c) “You seem really angry.” d) “Let me tell you what works for me.”

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Active Listening Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

18. __________ is an active listening technique that involves asking questions to facilitate understanding of a speaker’s message, gathering background information, or filling in gaps in the narrative. a) Clarifying b) Filtering c) Paraphrasing d) Derailing Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Active Listening Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Which type of feedback meets the criteria of being immediate, honest, and supportive? a) “Why are you actively trying to deceive me?” b) “I get the feeling there might be something you’re not telling me.” c) “You are lying right to me!” d) “There must be something wrong with you.”

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Active Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

20. Empathic listening involves reflective comments that focus on __________. a) the logical arguments and rational points the speaker is making b) the speaker’s phrasing and intonation c) the speaker’s legitimate authority in an illegitimate situation d) the feeling or emotional tone of the speaker’s message Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Empathic Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

21. A foolproof way to make meaningful deposits in the emotional bank account of another person is to practice __________. a) advising b) pseudolistening c) empathic listening

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) mind reading Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Empathic Listening Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. For most people, the most difficult type of active listening involves __________. a) listening with openness to a speaker who has views that contradict the listener’s beliefs b) affirming a speaker’s self-worth while remaining objective c) keeping hidden agendas hidden until the appropriate time to reveal them d) remaining calm in the face of inflammatory and provocative statements Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Listening With Openness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

23. Which type of active listening involves paying close attention to nonverbal behavior? a) reflective listening b) listening with awareness c) listening with openness d) clarifying Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Listening With Awareness Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. As a global citizen, it is important to listen with __________ to the views and perspectives of those in other cultures. a) an agenda b) judgment c) malice d) openness Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Listening With Openness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. __________ reflect an incongruence between a speaker’s words and the speaker’s actions while speaking. a) Postures b) Hidden agendas c) Double messages d) Judgmental stances Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Topic: Listening With Awareness Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

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26. By some estimates, up to __________ of emotional meaning in a face-to-face communication is communicated nonverbally. a) 93 percent b) 87 percent c) 52 percent d) 14 percent Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. By some estimates, up to __________ of emotional meaning in a face-to-face communication is communicated by the vocal aspects of a message. a) 8 percent b) 19 percent c) 38 percent d) 77 percent Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. “I’m so happy to be here!” Cindy said sincerely. “I’m so happy to be here,” Simon snarled sarcastically. “I’m so happy to be here?” Quentin quipped quizzically. “I’m so happy? To be here?!” Carly carped caustically.

Although these phrases are identical, which aspect of nonverbal communication gives them their shades of meaning? a) verbal quality b) kinesics c) paralanguage d) personal space Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. What general internal state can eye contact indicate? a) levels of motivation, such as internal or external incentives b) levels of social comfort, such as shyness, guilt, openness, or interest c) levels of knowledge, such as high or low intelligence d) happiness Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

30. Terrance is being questioned by his boss about a workplace accident Terrance had no part in. During his

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e protestations, Terrance crosses his arms over his body in a kind of defensive gesture. This posture is known as __________. a) paralanguage b) self-grooming c) reflexive rebuttal d) body armoring Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. How does status influence touching behavior? a) Status differences dictate that only lower status people can touch other lower status people. b) A lower status person often feels free to touch a higher status person. c) A higher status person often feels free to touch a lower status person. d) Status differences dictate that only higher status people can touch other higher status people.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. In our society, social distance is usually defined as __________ and is the space we reserve for __________. a) 1 to 2 inches; coworkers b) 1 to 4 feet; conversations with friends c) 4 to 10 feet; casual conversations d) 10 feet or more; speaking to a group Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. Which person is likely to seek the greatest distance in personal space when interacting with another person? a) Mohammed, a Lebanese citizen b) Pierre, a French citizen c) Stavros, a Greek citizen d) Ralph, an American citizen Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. Bernard wants to improve his nonverbal communication skills, and he knows that eye contact is an important aspect of that. Consequently, he has trained himself that whenever someone is speaking to him, to maintain a fixed, wide-eyed stare, focused impassively on the communicator’s eyes. How effective is Bernard’s nonverbal communication? a) Very effective; the rules of nonverbal behavior state that eye contact must never be broken. b) Very effective; the one rule of effective communication is “see eye to eye,” and Bernard is doing that.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) Somewhat effective; Bernard would be better served if he also hummed softly or whimpered, as adding a vocal channel usually enhances eye contact. d) Not very effective; continuous staring is not the same as maintaining proper eye contact with a speaker.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. Marissa wants to improve her nonverbal communication skills, and she knows that vocal cues are an important aspect of that. What should she work on to be an effective communicator in this area? a) speaking clearly, fairly rapidly, and with inflection and tone b) speaking softly and slowly, so that others have to lean in to receive her message c) pausing before replying to a statement; 30 to 45 seconds is the recommended duration d) speaking in a very slow monotone so that no misinterpretations can occur Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

36. Ira, from Israel, just met Alan, from Austin, at an informal picnic. As they chatted, Ira maintained an interpersonal distance of about 3 inches from Alan’s face. As Alan gradually leaned backward to try to increase the personal space, Ira leaned forward to maintain it. Soon both conversationalists looked more like contortionists. Which rule for effective nonverbal communication was unintentionally violated in this situation? a) Use the power of touch appropriately. b) Respect the personal space of other people. c) Maintain good eye contact but don’t stare. d) Gesture freely.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: The Rules for Effective Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. Donnie just met Vernon for the first time. After a hearty handshake, Donnie repeatedly squeezed Vernon’s shoulder as they chatted and patted him on the hand to emphasize points he was expressing. How effective was Donnie’s nonverbal communication style? a) Not very effective; touching is not one of the five rules for effective nonverbal communication. b) Not very effective; strangers, and especially men, typically don’t like to be touched. c) Somewhat effective; Donnie should have also hugged Vernon once or twice as they spoke. d) Very effective; touch communicates rapport, so more touch communicates stronger rapport.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: The Rules for Effective Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

38. A nonverbal behavior associated with effective listening is __________. a) keeping your arms crossed b) avoiding eye contact c) slouching in a chair

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) leaning forward slightly Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Nonverbal Behavior for Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. To be an effective listener, a person should __________. a) nod or say “uh-huh” to confirm a speaker’s message b) look away while the other person is speaking, then establish eye contact when next speaking c) sit silently until the other person is done speaking d) grin throughout the other person’s message, regardless of the emotional content of the conversation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Topic: Nonverbal Behavior for Effective Listening Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

40. Which two types of respect are involved in assertion? a) respect for authority; respect for autonomy b) respect for cultural variations; respect for uniformity c) respect for oneself; respect for the rights and needs of others d) respect for religious traditions; respect for individual differences Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Topic: Assertiveness Defined Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. Jane is fidgety and maintains poor eye contact, preferring to look at the floor rather than her conversation partner. She speaks softly, leans away, and slumps. Her body language reflects __________. a) excitement b) passivity c) assertiveness d) hostility Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Topic: Differentiating Assertiveness from Passivity and Aggression Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. Which endpoints anchor the continuum that places assertiveness as the midpoint? a) self-interest and selflessness b) degradation and embarrassment c) humility and sloth d) passivity and aggression Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Topic: Differentiating Assertiveness from Passivity and Aggression Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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43. Jamil invited Robert, his best friend, to his apartment to watch the football game as they had done many times before. Jamil noticed that Robert seemed less than enthusiastic when accepting the invitation. At game time Robert hadn’t arrived. Jamil waited until halftime to call his friend; Robert answered the phone and apologized, claiming that he forgot all about it. He then said it was too late to come over at that point. Robert’s actions are an example of what kind of behavior? a) passive-aggressive b) passive c) aggressive d) assertive Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Topic: Differentiating Assertiveness from Passivity and Aggression Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. One of the greatest benefits of assertiveness is that __________. a) it increases an individual’s popularity, thereby leading to more friendships b) it typically increases self-respect and self-efficacy c) it causes a person to speak more clearly d) it is the first step toward aggressiveness, which is an effective communication strategy Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Topic: Benefits of Assertion Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. Which sequence presents the correct order of steps in the framework of assertiveness? a) identify the problem behavior → specify alternatives → identify the effects → identify consequences b) identify the effects → specify alternatives → identify consequences → identify the problem behavior c) identify consequences → specify alternatives → identify the problem behavior → identify the effects d) identify the problem behavior → identify the effects → specify alternatives → identify consequences Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four-step framework can best be put into practice.

Topic: The Four-Step Framework Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. Empathic assertion involves __________. a) conveying sensitivity to the other person along with expressing your own needs b) caving in and giving up your position out of empathy for the other person c) escalating from a minimal assertive response to a stronger one d) asking many personal questions Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four-step framework can best be put into practice.

Topic: Fine-Tuning the Assertive Steps Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

47. When a minimal assertive response fails to produce the desired results, a speaker would be advised to switch to __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) aggressiveness b) exhortation c) escalating assertion d) passivity Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four-step framework can best be put into practice.

Topic: Fine-Tuning the Assertive Steps Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. Matt speaks in a calm, firm voice. He leans forward slightly and maintains good eye contact. He faces people squarely with his arms open and he gestures freely. His body language reflects __________. a) aggressiveness b) assertiveness c) passive-aggressiveness d) passivity Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Topic: Nonverbal Aspects of Assertiveness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

49. Carla is apologetic when she speaks, blaming herself for shortcomings that aren’t really shortcomings. This leads her to start rambling, and when she catches herself doing so, she gives up trying to make her points and listens quietly as others speak. Carla’s communication style illustrates __________. a) aggressiveness b) assertiveness c) passive-aggressiveness d) passivity Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Topic: Nonverbal Aspects of Assertiveness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. After people speak with Sara they agree, to a person, that they feel intimidated, angry, alienated, and defensive. This is because, whatever the topic, Sara usually feels indignant, angry, and misunderstood. Sara’s communication style is characterized by __________. a) aggressiveness b) assertiveness c) passive-aggressiveness d) passivity Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Topic: Nonverbal Aspects of Assertiveness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: Pathos: Developing Empathy by Enhancing Listening Skills EOM Q10.1.1 The communication skill we need to use the most is __________.

A. listening B. talking C. writing D. reading Consider This: “Communicating” sounds active, but other important skills are involved as well. 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

EOM Q10.1.2 __________ refers to your integrity, __________ to your empathy, and __________ to your logic.

A. Ethos; pathos; logos B. Logos; ethos; pathos C. Pathos; logos; ethos D. Ethos; logos; pathos Consider This: The sequence of these Greek words is important; think about what should come first and what should come last. 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

EOM Q10.1.3 All of the following are barriers to effective listening except __________.

A. asking questions B. interrupting C. stage-hogging D. mind reading Consider This: Which of these options sounds beneficial to communication, and which do not? 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Quiz: The Building Blocks of Effective Listening EOM Q10.2.1 Reflective listening involves __________ what you have heard the speaker say so he/she can let you know if you have understood.

A. paraphrasing

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B. questioning C. challenging D. ignoring Consider This: Doing this gives the speaker the opportunity to directly know if you understood their message and to clarify if they felt you did not understand. 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

EOM Q10.2.2 __________ listening focuses on reflecting back feelings and attempting to truly understand the other person’s frame of reference.

A. Empathic B. Reflective C. Emotive D. Pathos Consider This: Recall what we develop when we step into the shoes of the other. 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

EOM Q10.2.3 Reflective listening includes all of the following components except __________.

A. judging B. clarifying C. paraphrasing D. giving feedback Consider This: When a mirror reflects, it does so objectively. 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Quiz: Understanding Nonverbal Behavior EOM Q10.3.1 When our verbal behavior is not congruent with our nonverbal behavior this is referred to as __________.

A. double messages B. body armoring C. paralanguage D. false impressions Consider This: This would be a case in which different channels of communication are conveying different information. 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Skill: Easy Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

EOM Q10.3.2 __________ refers to how something is said rather than the content of the words.

A. Paralanguage B. Emotional intelligence

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C. Lying D. Pathos Consider This: The phrase “I’m so happy to be here” can be interpreted many different ways, depending on this aspect of nonverbal communication. 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

EOM Q10.3.3 Voice tone, facial expressions, and body postures are all examples of __________.

A. single messages B. verbal behaviors C. body armoring D. paralanguage Consider This: What do we call the collection of communication channels that do not involve words? 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Quiz: Logos: Effective Communication – Developing Assertive Skills EOM Q10.4.1 Expressing your anger towards someone indirectly, by what you fail to do, is called __________.

A. passive-aggression B. aggression C. passivity D. assertiveness Consider This: Not doing something sounds less active than doing something. 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

EOM Q10.4.2 Assertiveness can be defined as __________.

A. standing up for your rights and needs without violating the rights and needs of others.

B. sacrificing your rights and needs for the sake of the rights and needs of others C. standing up for your rights and needs while disregarding the rights and needs of others D. insisting that your way is the right way Consider This: Getting what you want doesn’t necessarily mean taking it away from someone else. 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

EOM Q10.4.3 Expressing your thoughts and feelings in such an apologetic or timid manner that others can easily disregard your message is characteristic of __________.

A. passivity B. passive-aggressiveness C. pathos

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D. logos Consider This: This adjective describes someone who is afraid to speak up or stand up for themselves.

10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Quiz: A Useful Framework for Assertive Behavior EOM Q10.5.1 Which of the following is an effective “I statement” if your goal is to resolve a relationship problem?

A. “I feel frustrated that you often change the subject when I try to express my concerns.”

B. “I think you are a total slob and feel like you are trying to take advantage of me by leaving your stuff around for me to clean up.”

C. “I feel that you are selfish and uncaring.”

D. “You are making me so angry.”

Consider This: One of these statements sounds like it opens the door to dialog, rather than slamming it shut. 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

EOM Q10.5.2 When attempting to assert yourself, an effective message would start with __________.

A. identifying and describing the problem behavior using “I statements” B. specifying alternatives C. apologizing for bringing the matter up in the first place D. specifying consequences Consider This: Recall the Four-Step Framework for Assertiveness. What is the first recommended step?

10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

EOM Q10.5.3 Which of the steps of the four-step assertive framework is optional?

A. laying out consequences if the problem behavior continues B. identifying effects of the problem behavior C. specifying the problem behavior D. specifying alternatives to the problem behavior Consider This: It’s good to have options in life. Which of these steps sounds like it doesn’t necessarily need to be in place? 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Quiz: Nonverbal Aspects of Assertiveness EOM Q10.6.1 Which nonverbal behavior reflects passivity?

A. leaning back

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B. leaning forward C. finger pointing D. good eye contact Consider This: Visualize each of these behaviors and you should arrive at the correct answer. 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

EOM Q10.6.2 Which nonverbal behavior would accompany an effective assertive response?

A. open arms B. looking down C. finger pointing D. leaning back Consider This: Part of adopting an assertive posture involves nonverbally signaling you are confident enough to be open to feedback. 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

EOM Q10.6.3 Which nonverbal behavior would undermine an effective assertive response?

A. poor eye contact B. facing the person squarely C. erect posture D. firm, calm voice Consider This: Think about the one option here that seems vastly different from the others. 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.6 Describe the ways in which you may communicate assertiveness nonverbally.

Chapter Quiz: Building Effective Communication Skills EOC Q10.1 After two days, the average person remembers __________ of a conversation.

A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100% Consider This: We’d like to believe in the infallibility of memory, but it isn’t so; it’s pretty good, but not perfect. What might be “pretty good” among these options? 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

EOC Q10.2 When you listen only to what you want to hear and ignore the rest, you are __________.

A. filtering

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B. dueling C. derailing D. placating Consider This: Focus only on what you think the correct answer is, and weed out the other options. 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

EOC Q10.3 Which of the following applies to effective listening?

A. Good listeners are careful not to interrupt needlessly.

B. It is important to be judgmental so people know where you stand.

C. Good listeners don’t ask questions, they just keep quiet.

D. Listening happens automatically without any conscious effort on your part.

Consider This: Which of these behaviors would detract the most from fully absorbing someone else’s message? 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

EOC Q10.4 When you are listening with the primary goal of turning the conversation back to be about you, this is __________.

A. stage-hogging B. rehearsing C. dueling D. comparing Consider This: The limelight can cast a warm glow, but there’s only so much of it to go around. Consider sharing. 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.1 Explain the importance of effective listening and common obstacles to being a good listener.

EOC Q10.5 What differentiates listening with awareness from reflective listening?

A. paying close attention to nonverbal behavior as well as words B. stepping into the shoes of the other C. paraphrasing D. judging the other Consider This: There are many messages conveyed by many channels of communication. 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.2 Identify the various elements of effective listening.

EOC Q10.6 Cultural factors play a big part in the __________ favored by each culture.

A. personal space

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B. symmetry C. double messages D. logos but not ethos Consider This: There are cultural and ethnic differences in how close people comfortably stand in relation to strangers or acquaintances when conversing or sharing space. 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.3 Recognize and appropriately interpret nonverbal signals.

EOC Q10.7 Which of the following applies to passivity?

A. A common reason for failure to be assertive is mistaking passivity for politeness or consideration.

B. The broken record technique is often used by passive individuals.

C. Passivity is healthier for you in the long run than assertiveness.

D. Only selfish people say “No.” Consider This: Closely adhering to the adage “mind your manners” may inhibit your effectiveness in some situations. 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.4 Define the characteristics and benefits of assertiveness in communication.

EOC Q10.8 If your initial efforts to be assertive are discounted, you will need to utilize __________.

A. escalating assertiveness B. passive-aggression C. aggression D. the perception check Consider This: Becoming increasingly firm without becoming belligerent is key in this concept. 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

EOC Q10.9 Empathic assertion __________.

A. involves making a statement that recognizes the other person’s feelings and situation B. involves making a statement that emphasizes and describes your feelings C. involves expressing yourself with a lot of emotion D. is a way to clarify yourself Consider This: Think about the characteristics of empathy that you’ve been exposed to in multiple places throughout the textbook. Which of those applies here? 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

EOC Q10.10 It can be useful to use the perception check when __________.

A. you are confused about the behavior of another and want to check out what is really going on B. you are dealing with an aggressive person C. you need to engage in escalating assertiveness D. the other person’s verbal and nonverbal behavior are consistent Consider This: Asking for clarification is an important step in the perception-check process. 10.5 Explain

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how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 10.5 Explain how the elements of the four step framework can best be put into practice.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 11 Establishing Positive Relationships 1. Good conversationalists __________. a) talk extensively b) give compliments, even if they’re not called for c) show an interest in the other person d) talk slowly Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: How to Be a Good Conversationalist Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

2. Marlo wanted to improve her conversational skills, so she practiced with her brother. Marlo launched in to a recitation of her favorite activities—taxidermy, home distillery, dating sailors—and paused only long enough to catch her breath. Her brother sat by silently as Marlo eventually came to a stop. What tip for effective communication did Marlo violate? a) Offer sincere compliments when appropriate. b) Refrain from fidgeting. c) Maintain eye contact. d) Avoid monopolizing the conversation.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: How to Be a Good Conversationalist Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

3. Julio was talking to his new friend Lars. “That movie was really good, you know. Like, Monsters from the Blood Galaxy is a great title, you know. And, like, the actors were, like, believable, you know, like even when they were getting their heads ripped off, you know. I think you should, like, go, you know.” What tip for effective communication did Julio violate? a) Refrain from engaging in annoying mannerisms. b) Stay focused on the topic at hand. c) Show a sense of humor. d) Use flattery often.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: How to Be a Good Conversationalist Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4. Johnny asked his new neighbor, Sid, “So, how do you like the neighborhood?” After many seconds Sid replied, “It’s …. good. I …. like it.” “Have you found any good restaurants?” Johnny inquired. “Yes...” Sid replied haltingly. “Rollo’s Bacon Haus .... is pretty good.” Looking at his watch, Johnny asked, “Almost time for dinner now, eh?” to which Sid replied, after a moment, “….yes …. it is…” What tip for effective communication did Sid violate? a) Avoid controversy. b) Talk fairly rapidly. c) Avoid monopolizing the conversation. d) Stay focused on the topic at hand.

Answer: b

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: How to Be a Good Conversationalist Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

5. Harry and David are comfortable with one another, and seem to be “on the same wavelength” intellectually and emotionally. Harry and David have built good __________. a) intentions b) sympathy c) rapport d) commiseration Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: Building Rapport Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. __________ refers to feelings of closeness that develop from frequent contact due to physical proximity. a) Empathy b) Rapport c) Synchronicity d) Propinquity Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: Building Rapport Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. The three primary aspects of shyness are excessive self-consciousness, excessive negative self-evaluation, and excessive __________. a) self-preoccupation b) self-promotion c) other-focus d) confidence Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: Overcoming Shyness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. Which statement about shyness is true? a) Shyness is a problem that cannot be overcome. b) Shyness is a relatively common problem, affecting up to 40 percent of the U.S. population at some point in their lives. c) Shyness is a very rare problem affecting at most only 2 percent of the U.S. population. d) There is no genetic basis for shyness.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversing and rapport building.

Topic: Overcoming Shyness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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9. How do wolves change rivers? a) by initiating a trophic cascade b) through relentless digging on a river’s banks c) by overutilizing water reserves d) by selectively killing beavers Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: Friendship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. What are the two critical dimensions of friendship? a) liking and loving b) sympathy and empathy c) persistence and resistance d) sharing and caring Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: What Constitutes Friendship?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. Ingrid Samuelson is in dire need. She has to pick up the children she nannies uptown when they get out of school, but she also needs to meet with her academic advisor downtown before he leaves the country for a week. Her friend Ingo Larsen offers to get the kids and drive them to midtown so Ingrid can keep her appointment. Which aspect of friendship was Ingo Larsen demonstrating? a) keeping confidences b) confiding in one another c) volunteering help in a time of need d) respecting privacy Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: Creating Friendships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. Reese and Eric have been friends for a long time. Reese is one of the few people that Eric has told about his secret; he believes himself to be an alien abductee. Which aspect of friendship has Eric demonstrated? a) Trust and confide in one another. b) Don’t criticize each other in public. c) Don’t nag. d) Share news of success.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: Creating Friendships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

13. Reese and Eric have been friends for a long time. Reese is one of the few people that Eric has told about his secret; he believes himself to be an alien abductee. Reese has kept this information to himself and never

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e told anyone else. Which aspect of friendship has Reese demonstrated? a) Share news of success. b) Keep confidences. c) Repay debts and favors. d) Volunteer help in time of need.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: Creating Friendships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

14. What is the first step in building intimacy with another person? a) empathy b) self-disclosure c) fondness d) sexual activity Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: Creating Friendships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

15. What is a useful strategy for encouraging a reticent friend to self-disclose to a greater extent? a) Point out to the friend that she or he has intimacy problems, and recommend professional help. b) Organize an intervention in which friends in common air their own grievances. c) Offer unsolicited advice about how to be a better communicator. d) Sit side-by-side and avoid direct eye contact.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Topic: Creating Friendships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. __________ represents the emotional linkage that begins at the moment of birth between a child and its caregivers. a) Love b) Empathy c) Attachment d) Respect Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

17. Based on his observations of emotionally neglected orphans, John Bowlby concluded that __________. a) humans are born with an innate predisposition to bond with an adult caregiver b) humans are relatively self sufficient at birth and will do fine even if emotionally neglected c) the desire to bond is a learned behavior and is not innate d) attachment behaviors are only in operation for the first two years of life and disappear after that Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Attachment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. Yolanda is a supportive caregiver who knows when to offer assistance to her child and when to back off.

She can be counted on to be reliable and trustworthy, and conveys a loving attitude. What type of caregiving style does Yolanda practice? a) cold/rejecting b) warm/responsive c) distracted/deferential d) ambivalent/inconsistent Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Approximately __________ of North American infants display a secure attachment style. a) 10 percent b) 20 percent c) 40 percent d) 60 percent Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Styles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. What style of attachment do children with cold, rejecting caregivers tend to develop? a) avoidant b) disorganized c) secure d) anxious Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Styles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

21. Which attachment style was added to the original set proposed by Mary Ainsworth? a) anxious b) avoidant c) disorganized d) secure Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Styles Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 22. Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style become obsessive when in love and expect rejection at every turn. a) secure b) avoidant c) disorganized d) anxious Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style find ways to keep emotional distance in their relationships with significant others. a) disorganized b) avoidant c) secure d) anxious Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. Epigenetic animal research investigating the effects of calm, loving, supporting mothering __________. a) indicates that the rearing environment can influence and may even reverse the genetic expression of anxious personality traits or temperament b) indicates that it has no influence on later genetic expression c) indicates that anxious children trigger anxious mothering d) indicates that it can lead to disorganized attachment Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Topic: Epigenetics: The Effects of Parenting Styles on Later Development Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

25. The three components of Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love include __________. a) intimacy, passion, and common interests b) attachment, sex, and commitment c) attachment, passion, and conversation d) intimacy, passion, and commitment Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. When passion and intimacy have evaporated from a long term relationship and only commitment remains, this would be categorized by Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love as __________. a) fatuous love b) companionate love c) empty love

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) nonlove Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. Debbie and Jorge have been platonic friends for years. They are close companions who confide in each other about everything and advise each other on their respective romantic relationships. This relationship can be categorized as __________. a) fatuous love b) liking c) companionate love d) nonlove Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

28. Angela can’t stop thinking about Hector, a coworker at her office, even though they have barely spoken to each other, and she knows he is engaged to another woman. He barely knows she is alive, but she is obsessed with him. She spends much of her time at work sneaking glances at him and daydreaming about him. This is an example of __________. a) infatuated love b) nonlove c) liking d) romantic love Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

29. Which component of Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love is missing in romantic love? a) liking b) passion c) intimacy d) commitment Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

30. Which component of Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love is missing in companionate love? a) intimacy b) commitment c) passion d) unity Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

31. Which component of Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love is missing in fatuous love? a) intimacy b) passion c) commitment d) expectation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. When all three components of Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love are present—intimacy, passion, and commitment—it represents which of the following? a) romantic love b) consummate love c) companionate love d) fatuous love Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Topic: The Triangle Theory of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. Which biochemical tends to elevate when a person first falls in love? a) glutamate b) dopamine c) acetylcholine d) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.5 Explain the behavioral and physiological aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Topic: The Chemistry of Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. What effect do elevated levels of dopamine and norepinephrine have on the human body? a) increased appetite b) lethargy c) sleepiness d) exhilaration Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.5 Explain the behavioral and physiological aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Topic: The Chemistry of Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

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35. In women, the chemical that contributes to long-lasting attachment is __________. a) oxytocin b) dopamine c) vasopressin d) norepinephrine Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.5 Explain the behavioral and physiological aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Topic: The Chemistry of Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. In men, the chemical that contributes to long-lasting attachment is __________. a) oxytocin b) dopamine c) vasopressin d) norepinephrine Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.5 Explain the behavioral and physiological aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Topic: The Chemistry of Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. What is the intimacy-desire paradox? a) Intimacy increases in a systematic fashion, but desire increases exponentially. b) Desire without intimacy is hollow. c) The greater the intimacy between partners, the less their sexual desire is. d) Love without anger isn’t love at all.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO11.5 Explain the behavioral and physiological aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Topic: Building Intimacy and Strong Relationships Over Time Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. To help keep excitement alive in their long-term relationship, couples can avoid endless routine and find ways to incorporate interesting and stimulating activities they can share. Which tip for maintaining love does this represent? a) novelty b) vulnerability c) proximity d) commitment Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.5 Explain the behavioral and physiological aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Topic: The Chemistry of Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 39. __________ refers to people who live together in loving and sexual relationships without getting married. a) Polymorphism b) Dynamic commitment c) Cohabitation d) Punctuated equilibrium Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Topic: Cohabitation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

40. One study concluded that couples who live together before marriage are __________ more likely to divorce, compared to married couples who did not first live together. a) 27 percent b) 46 percent c) 66 percent d) 78 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Topic: Cohabitation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. What conclusion can be reached about the effectiveness of cohabitation as a long-term relationship strategy? a) We don’t have a clear answer regarding the effectiveness of cohabitation. b) Cohabitation causes greater rates of separation and divorce. c) Cohabitation produces longer-lasting relationships than does marriage. d) Cohabitation is effective only for couples who first live together during middle age.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Topic: Cohabitation Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. Which statement about marriage is correct? a) Problems develop in marriages when spouses are very similar in their styles of emotional expression. b) An important factor in marital satisfaction is learning to avoid dealing with conflict so as to please one’s partner. c) Spouses in arranged marriages report the same level of marital satisfaction as those who married by choice. d) Most adults never marry.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Topic: Marriage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

43. The Losada ratio can be defined as __________. a) the ratio of correlation to causation b) the ratio of cohabitation success to later marital success c) the ratio of stress to relaxation that predicts wellness d) the ratio of positive to negative interactions that predict flourishing in a relationship

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Topic: Marriage Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. John Gottman proposed “four horsemen” that signal the demise of a romantic relationship. Which of the four is most predictive of relationship termination? a) contempt b) defensiveness c) criticism d) stonewalling Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Topic: Factors Contributing to Long-Term Marital Satisfaction Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

45. Reuben makes it a point to be home in time for dinner with Shirley each night, so they can spend some time together at the end of their long days. As they eat together, Reuben also takes the opportunity to check his work emails on his telephone, reply to friends on Facebook, and tweet his random thoughts. How would Reuben’s interaction style with Shirley be characterized? a) undifferentiated b) constructive responding c) absent presence d) defensive pessimism Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Topic: Absent Presence: Technoference in Relationships Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. Differences in the communication styles of women and men have been referred to by linguist Deborah Tannen as __________. a) gender gaps b) divided dialogs c) language gulfs d) genderlects Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.8 Recognize differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Topic: Genderlects: Report Talk vs Rapport Talk Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. For women, conversation is often about __________, whereas for men conversation is often about __________. a) independence; intimacy b) support; status c) advice; understanding d) information; feelings Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 11.8 Recognize differences in the communication styles of men and women.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Genderlects: Report Talk vs Rapport Talk Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

48. Which set of descriptors tends to apply more often to the communication styles of men? a) intimacy, support, understanding b) feelings, proposals, compromise c) conflict, orders, advice d) compromise, understanding, status Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 11.8 Recognize differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Topic: Genderlects: Report Talk vs Rapport Talk Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

49. The ancient Greeks defined “love at first sight” as __________. a) eros b) philo c) agape d) logos Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Topic: Altruism Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

50. Selfless love that is given without any expectation of return is called __________. a) philo b) eros c) ethos d) agape Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Topic: Altruism Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: How to Be a Good Conversationalist EOM Q11.1.1 Which of the following is recommended for excelling at the art of conversation?

A. Show a sincere interest in the other person and what they have to say.

B. Go off on a lot of tangents.

C. Talk about yourself primarily.

D. Talk as fast as you can and avoid pausing so you will not be interrupted.

Consider This: Think about what you’d like to be on the receiving end of when having a conversation with someone. 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

EOM Q11.1.2 Really good conversationalists know how to __________.

A. establish rapport B. impress others C. talk about themselves at length D. ingratiate themselves with a lot of insincere flattery Consider This: This refers to what facilitates making a good connection with someone and being able to get on their wavelength. 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

EOM Q11.1.3 Which of the following is recommended for overcoming shyness?

A. Remember to breathe.

B. Avoid uncomfortable situations.

C. Focus on the past.

D. Accept and take to heart all criticism without examining whether it has any validity.

Consider This: Shyness results from social anxiety. Recall the basic steps for lowering the fight/flight response. 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

Quiz: Friendship EOM Q11.2.1 Which of the following would be in contradiction to the “universal rules of friendship”?

A. Put your own desires first.

B. Keep confidences.

C. Show emotional support.

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D. Volunteer help in a time of need.

Consider This: Friendship involves sharing, caring, giving, and receiving. When both parties follow the same “rules,” everyone benefits. 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

EOM Q11.2.2 Having high quality friends and social support __________.

A. is associated with physical and emotional health B. is overrated C. adds to your stress level D. is out of your control Consider This: Having high quality friends and social support both sound like they would be really good things, and therefore probably produce really good consequences. 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

EOM Q11.2.3 __________ provide as much opportunity for intimacy as do romantic relationships.

A. Friendships B. Pen pals C. Social media relationships D. Acquaintanceships Consider This: There are other types of relationships that provide as much emotional intimacy and support as romantic relationships. 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

Quiz: Attachment EOM Q11.3.1 __________ begins at birth and represents the emotional linkage between an infant and its caregivers, and allows for bonding to take place over time.

A. Attachment B. Love C. Co-dependence D. Co-parenting Consider This: Which of these options sounds like a close connection between people? 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

EOM Q11.3.2 Young children who have experienced inconsistent and ambivalent parenting display __________ attachment.

A. anxious B. avoidant C. disorganized

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D. secure Consider This: These children display a reluctance to explore strange environments and seem difficult to comfort both upon their mothers’ departure and return. 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

EOM Q11.3.3 __________ adults manifest chaotic, insensitive, and even abusive behaviors in relationships.

A. Disorganized B. Avoidant C. Anxious D. Secure Consider This: As children, these individuals’ relationships with their caregivers would have been at worst, frightening and traumatic, and at best, profoundly neglectful. 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Quiz: Exploring the Meaning of Love EOM Q11.4.1 Consummate love involves all three vital ingredients of __________.

A. intimacy, passion, and commitment B. honesty, fidelity, and rapport C. love, sex, and shared values D. intimacy, compatibility, and commitment Consider This: Recall the components of the triangular theory of love, then think about how they’d combine into an overall whole. 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

EOM Q11.4.2 __________ love involves only passion.

A. Infatuated B. Fatuous C. Consummate D. Romantic Consider This: This type of love involves a sudden, strong emotional and sexual attraction, but tends to burn out quickly. 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

EOM Q11.4.3 Fatuous love involves __________.

A. sudden passion and a rush to commitment B. being catfished C. when someone pretends to be in love with you based on a hidden agenda D. infatuation without commitment

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Consider This: Think of what leads people to get married after only knowing each other for a week and the disappointment that typically follows. 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Quiz: The Chemistry of Love EOM Q11.5.1 When we first fall in love we experience elevated levels of brain chemicals such as __________.

A. dopamine and norepinephrine B. serotonin and tryptophan C. oxytocin and vasopressin D. insulin and adrenalin Consider This: Among other things, these neurotransmitters tend to contribute to sleeplessness, lack of appetite, single-mindedness, and exhilaration. 11.5 Explain the physiological and behavioral aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.5 Explain the physiological and behavioral aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

EOM Q11.5.2 One of the primary factors triggering the release of the biochemicals of infatuation is __________.

A. novelty B. attachment C. libido D. anxiety Consider This: Love presents us with new experiences and new opportunities. 11.5 Explain the physiological and behavioral aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.5 Explain the physiological and behavioral aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

EOM Q11.5.3 A highly recommended way to relive the chemical high in long term relationships is to __________.

A. do new and exciting things B. argue C. give compliments D. practice reflective listening Consider This: The freshness of love is what we all seek and, after being in love, what we all seek to regain. 11.5 Explain the physiological and behavioral aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.5 Explain the physiological and behavioral aspects of creating and maintaining relationships.

Quiz: Cohabitation EOM Q11.6.1 When couples choose to live together prior to marriage, this is referred to as __________.

A. cohabitation B. blasphemy C. arranged marriage

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D. polygamy Consider This: Which of these words literally means “living together?” 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

EOM Q11.6.2 Cohabitation prior to marriage __________.

A. has become the norm B. is still rare C. interferes with compatibility D. destroys relationships Consider This: How frequently do people choose to live together prior to getting married? If you can recall that, you’ll surely get this answer correct. 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

EOM Q11.6.3 Are couples who cohabitate prior to marriage more likely to divorce later on?

A. It is unclear from the data.

B. No. C. Yes. D. Yes, but only if they are religious.

Consider This: Studies suggest that the divorce rate for couples who cohabitate before marriage is high, but many cultural and pragmatic factors may contribute to this high divorce rate, and cohabitation itself may not necessarily be to blame. 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.6 Recognize some of the arguments for and against cohabitation.

Quiz: Marriage EOM Q11.7.1 A Losada ratio of 5 : 1 positive to negative interactions in a marriage predicts __________.

A. a healthy and lasting relationship B. conflict C. divorce D. getting bored with each other Consider This: People tend to feel the impact of negative interactions longer than positive ones, so it is important for the good to outweigh the bad. 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

EOM Q11.7.2 Of all the negative attitudes displayed in marriage, __________ is the most toxic and predictive of divorce.

A. contempt B. criticism C. defensiveness

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D. stonewalling Consider This: Frequently expressing a lack of respect for the other person and the sentiment that they are beneath you is highly detrimental to any relationship. 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

EOM Q11.7.3 The best way to reply to your significant other when s/he tells you something positive that has happened to her/him is to use __________ and __________ responding.

A. active; constructive B. passive; constructive C. passive; destructive D. active; destructive Consider This: Which of these options sounds like it would build and strengthen a relationship, rather than be harmful to it? 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Quiz: Communication Styles – Do Men and Women Speak a Different Language?

EOM Q11.8.1 The conflicting dialects used by men and women are called __________ by Tannen.

A. genderlects B. gender bias C. his and hers D. Mars and Venus Consider This: Think about different dialects used by different genders when conversing. 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

EOM Q11.8.2 Women’s communication primarily reflects __________.

A. increasing intimacy B. showing their independence C. a show of dominance D. maintaining their status Consider This: Women tend to adopt a communication style that builds bridges and deepens connections.

11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

EOM Q11.8.3 Men’s communication primarily reflects __________.

A. maintaining their status B. increasing intimacy C. providing support D. expressing their feelings

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Consider This: Men often like to reaffirm where they stand in relation to their interaction partners. 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Quiz: Altruism EOM Q11.9.1 __________ refers to an altruistic love given without any expectation of return.

A. Agape B. Philo C. Dildo D. Eros Consider This: This is the kind of love a parent might give to a child. 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

EOM Q11.9.2 Altruism __________.

A. serves an evolutionary function B. does not really exist C. works best when you expect something in return D. is not related to empathy Consider This: Like most other human behaviors, altruism developed because it helps our species survive and propagate. 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

EOM Q11.9.3 Philo refers to __________.

A. brotherly love B. infatuation C. a love of philosophy D. altruistic acts Consider This: This kind of love is similar to companionate love. 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Chapter Quiz: Establishing Positive Relationships EOC Q11.1 Which of the following is essential to making and keeping friendships?

A. Make deposits in the emotional bank account.

B. Withhold emotional support.

C. Gossip about the person behind their back.

D. Disregard the friend’s privacy.

Consider This: Saving up for a rainy day is a good friendship strategy; you’ll have friends to count on when times get tough. 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

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Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.2 Explain how good friendships are built and maintained.

EOC Q11.2 Which of the following recent developments is interfering with the quality of relationships?

A. technoference leading to absent presence B. the influence of fake news C. online dating D. binge watching TV Consider This: If you’re scrolling through social media on your smartphone while spending time with a person, you might be there without really being there. 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

EOC Q11.3 Shyness is __________.

A. caused by excessive negative self-preoccupation B. a very rare problem C. impossible to overcome D. exacerbated by being in the here and now Consider This: Focusing too much on yourself makes it harder to be in the here and now and to attend to the other person, therefore making it harder to interact in general. 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

EOC Q11.4 Which of the following is useful for overcoming shyness?

A. using cognitive restructuring to challenge negative self-statements B. avoiding uncomfortable social situations C. defensive pessimism D. focusing on the past and the future Consider This: There are many ways of looking at a situation. Sometimes a little perspective goes a long way. 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.1 Describe the key aspects of effective conversation and rapport building.

EOC Q11.5 __________ attachment can result from being raised by abusive, highly dysfunctional parents.

A. Disorganized B. Anxious C. Avoidant D. Secure Consider This: Which attachment style results from neglectful early relationships? 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

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EOC Q11.6 Children raised by cold, rejecting caregivers typically display __________ attachment.

A. avoidant B. anxious C. disorganized D. secure Consider This: “Cold” and “rejecting” sound like they would lead pretty directly to the development of this kind of attachment style. 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.3 Explain the importance of attachment in both caregiving and romantic relationships.

EOC Q11.7 Intimacy and commitment without passion leads to __________.

A. companionate love B. fatuous love C. consummate love D. empty love Consider This: If a relationship lasts long enough, it tends to develop into this type of love. 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.4 Describe the ingredients in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

EOC Q11.8 According to Gottman, the four dangerous attitudes to avoid in intimate relationships are __________.

A. criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling B. anger, sadness, jealousy, and contempt C. jealousy, stonewalling, revulsion, and indifference D. defensiveness, anger, indifference, and revulsion Consider This: These are the “Four Horsemen” of relationship dissolution. Each is bad; one of them is the worst. 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.7 Identify contributing elements of a successful marital relationship.

EOC Q11.9 Men favor __________ while women favor __________.

A. report-talk; rapport-talk B. understanding; advice C. criticism; praise D. feelings; information Consider This: Men often like to pontificate, whereas women often prefer to build social support via conversation. 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 11.8 Recognize some of the differences in the communication styles of men and women.

EOC Q11.10 The type of love that leads to the self-sacrificing caring for others we call altruism is __________.

A. Agape B. Philo

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C. Eros D. Porno Consider This: The love between a parent and a child, given with no expectation of anything in return, fosters these beneficial outcomes. What is that type of love called in Greek? 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 11.9 Describe the benefits of altruism.

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Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 12 Knowing the Workplace 1. Alvin Toffler noted long ago that the rate of change in society is __________. a) slowing down b) cyclical, expanding and contracting every 17 years c) speeding up d) unrelated to personal stress levels Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Occupational Trends Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. What is the correct sequence of historical change in the U.S. economy? a) agricultural economy → manufacturing economy → service economy → information economy b) agricultural economy → service economy → manufacturing economy → information economy c) agricultural economy → service economy → information economy → manufacturing economy d) manufacturing economy → agricultural economy → service economy → information economy Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Occupational Trends Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

3. Experts in information and communications technology are referred to as __________. a) white collar workers b) pink collar workers c) gold collar workers d) red collar workers Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Occupational Trends Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

4. By some estimates, more information was produced between __________ than had been produced during the 5000 years prior to that. a) 1920 and 1940 b) 1776 and 1812 c) 2012 and 2017 d) 1965 and 1995 Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Occupational Trends Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

5. As of 2011, __________ were the largest minority group in the United States. a) African Americans

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) Asian Americans c) Hispanics d) Native Americans Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. As of 2011, women comprised approximately __________ of the civilian labor force in the United States. a) 36 percent b) 58 percent c) 66 percent d) 78 percent Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. The fastest growing minority group in the workforce is __________. a) disabled workers b) women c) the elderly d) Native Americans Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

8. What do mature workers (those born before 1946) want most from their jobs? a) benefits b) advancement c) control their own destiny d) security Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. What do baby boomers, born between 1946 and 1964, value the most? a) family b) money c) personal gratification d) job security Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. What do baby busters, born after 1964, dream of as an ideal vacation? a) touring Eastern bloc nations b) visiting the Wizarding World of Harry Potter c) visiting a deserted Caribbean island d) participating in Civil War reenactments Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

11. Vittorio was born in 1981, placing him squarely in the __________ category of age groups. a) Generation Why? b) baby boomer c) Generation X d) Generation Y Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. Members of Generation Y are also referred to as __________. a) baby boomers b) Millennials c) the Lost Generation d) the Blank Generation Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

13. Lucinda was born in 2006, placing her in the __________ category of age groups. a) Generation Z b) Generation Y c) Generation X d) Generation W Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Increased Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Natalie has just been appointed president of a major corporation. She needs to cut the cost of operations in order to turn the company around and make it more profitable. Her best strategy for achieving this quickly is to

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e __________. a) develop a diversity workshop to help workers understand each other b) hire more minority group members in major administrative positions c) implement downsizing d) assemble a taskforce to brainstorm solutions Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Changes in Organizational Structure Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. Shane pursues jobs in short-term, low-stakes positions, such as seasonal work or pharmaceutical clinical trials. As an employment strategy, Shane is content to be a __________. a) core worker b) full-time worker c) white collar worker d) contingent worker Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Topic: Changes in Organizational Structure Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Companies in the U.S. conducting outsourced business __________. a) are expanding to many countries all over the planet b) involve only India and China c) are exploiting their workers with low pay d) are only concentrating on manufacturing Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. Outsourcing work in businesses is __________. a) only involved in manufacturing b) a recent idea c) an old idea that is being expanded d) being used in order to spread wealth across the globe Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

18. Stanley works in the United States for a company that is headquartered in Bulgaria. He supervises a team of 150 workers who make wheel wells for Litex Motors, a leading Bulgarian automobile manufacturer. Stanley’s employment arrangement is known as __________.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) offshoring d) resourcing Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

19. Offshoring is a special type of outsourcing in which work is performed __________. a) in a different country b) in international waters c) by undocumented workers d) by another company within the same country Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

20. What was the first major country to welcome outsourced American work? a) Mexico b) China c) India d) the Philippines Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. Outsourcing, insourcing, and offshoring are all examples of increased __________ in the world economy. a) American dominance b) inefficiency c) job loss d) global interdependence Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

22. How does the cost of labor in most countries that welcome outsourcing compare to labor costs in the United States? a) The cost of labor in those other countries is typically about the same as it is in the United States.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) The cost of labor in those other countries is slightly higher than it is in the United States. c) The cost of labor in those other countries is typically three times what it is in the United States. d) The cost of labor in those other countries is typically much less than it is in the United States.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

23. How do wages earned through outsourcing in most countries that welcome outsourcing compare to typical wages provided in those countries by in-country employers? a) Wages earned through outsourced jobs are typically higher than would be paid by an in-country employer. b) Wages earned through outsourced jobs are slightly lower than would be paid by an in-country employer. c) Wages earned through outsourced jobs are about the same as would be paid by an in-country employer. d) Wages earned through outsourced jobs are one-half what they would be if paid by an in-country employer.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. Which argument proposes that outsourcing is a curse rather than a blessing? a) Outsourcing raises the standard of living for everyone involved. b) International law prohibits child labor of any kind. c) Sending a country’s jobs overseas leads to rapid deterioration of that country’s economy. d) Outsourcing provides a country with goods and services at a lower cost.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

25. Which argument proposes that outsourcing is a blessing rather than a curse? a) Outsourcing provides a country with goods and services at a higher cost. b) Outsourcing raises the standard of living for everyone involved. c) International law prohibits child labor of any kind. d) Sending a country’s jobs overseas leads to rapid deterioration of that country’s economy.

Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Topic: Global Interdependence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

26. What is the projected demand for psychological professionals in the near future? a) Bleak; the projected need for any kind of psychological professional is at an historic low. b) Mixed; psychologists will be needed in 2050-2070, but currently the projection is poor.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) Mixed; clinical psychologists are a fast growing occupation, but no other specializations are. d) Great; industrial-organizational psychologists are one of the ten fastest growing occupations.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Topic: Occupations in Demand Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

27. Gerry wants to study to become a home health aide. What do Gerry’s job prospects look like between now and the year 2022? a) Strong; home health aides are one of the ten fastest growing occupations. b) Moderate; home health aides will be needed by an aging population, but that won’t hit the United States until the year 2037. c) Weak; recent federal regulations have all but eliminated home health care as an occupational category. d) Weak; the market for home health aides is saturated in the short- and long-term.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Topic: Occupations in Demand Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

28. Marty wants to choose one of the faster of the fastest growing occupations projected for 2012-2022. All else being equal, what should Marty gravitate toward? a) physical therapist assistant b) skin care specialist c) personal care aide d) genetic counselor Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Topic: Occupations in Demand Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. Rosalie wants to pursue one of the largest growing categories of employment; those projected to have the largest increase in employment between 2012 and 2022. All else being equal, what should Rosalie gravitate toward? a) construction b) administrative support c) financial operations d) production occupations Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Topic: Occupations in Demand Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e 30. The projected fastest growing jobs generally require increased __________ and __________. a) motivation; tenacity b) investment costs; patience until payoff c) hand-eye coordination; balance d) education; training Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Topic: Occupations in Demand Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

31. If a supervisor or executive is effective in influencing people to think or act in a certain way, we would say that person is showing __________. a) leadership b) control c) power d) authority Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: What Is Leadership?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

32. A manager is __________, whereas a leader __________. a) creative; controls b) appointed to that role; emerges from the group c) adaptable; enacts policies d) flexible; follows procedures Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: What Is Leadership?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

33. A manager is __________, whereas a leader __________. a) innovative; maintains systems b) visionary; adheres to structure c) inspirational; rewards and punishes d) efficient; effective Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: Leadership in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

34. A leader asks __________ whereas a manager asks __________. a) where and when; how and why b) how and when; what and why c) what and why; how and when

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) who and what; where and how Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: What Is Leadership?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

35. Mr. Martinez is the manager of a sales operation. He is concerned about declining sales in the company. He decides he has to monitor the workers more closely and issues a memo outlining the behavioral expectations all workers must comply with. Mr. Martinez fits Douglas McGregor’s __________ leadership behaviors and illustrates the __________ leadership style. a) Theory Y; laissez faire b) Theory Y; autocratic c) Theory X; autocratic d) Theory X; laissez faire Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: Variations and Outcomes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. Mr. Johansen believes that workers dislike working; that they are lazy, irresponsible, and self-centered; and therefore, they all need to be micromanaged and continually prodded to work harder. Mr. Johansen endorses which theory of leadership? a) Theory A b) Theory Z c) Theory Y d) Theory X Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: What Is Leadership?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

37. Mrs. Sylvain believes that workers enjoy working, and that they are motivated to be productive, goal oriented, and responsible. She views her leadership role as facilitating the strengths and goal-directed behaviors of others. Mrs. Sylvain endorses which theory of leadership? a) Theory A b) Theory Z c) Theory Y d) Theory X Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: What Is Leadership?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. In the __________ style of leadership, information flows from the leader to the group in a one-way direction. a) laissez faire b) democratic

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) communal d) autocratic Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: What Is Leadership?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. In the __________ style of leadership, a leader embraces employee involvement in decision making. a) laissez faire b) democratic c) empowerment d) autocratic Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: Leadership in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

40. In the __________ style of leadership, leaders and followers elevate each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. a) democratic b) laissez faire c) autocratic d) transformational Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: Leadership from a Positive Psychology Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

41. Which aspect of transformational leadership is similar to the concept of charisma? a) inspirational motivation b) individualized consideration c) idealized influence d) intellectual stimulation Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: Leadership from a Positive Psychology Perspective Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

42. Ms. Clarke is director of the local library. She does not provide answers but instead encourages her employees to think for themselves. She is exhibiting __________ in her role as a transformational leader. a) idealized influence b) intellectual stimulation c) workplace modification d) autocratic direction Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Leadership from a Positive Psychology Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. When 100 chief executive officers (CEOs) were interviewed about the skills necessary to run a company successfully, which one major competence stood out above all others? a) compassion b) self-awareness c) good listening skills d) decisiveness Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Topic: Is Leadership in My Future?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. Boris has been working at his new job for three months and has not received any feedback from his employer about his performance. As an effective person who wants to flourish in the workplace, what should Boris do? a) He should ask his supervisor for feedback on his work. b) He should take it as a good sign and not worry, as “no news is good news.” c) He should request in writing that a formal hearing be convened. d) He should ignore the situation.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Topic: The Review Process Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. Which sequence correctly outlines the steps in a performance review? a) goals are set → standards are established → feedback is provided → performance is evaluated b) standards are established → goals are set → performance is evaluated → feedback is provided c) standards are established → performance is evaluated → goals are set → feedback is provided d) goals are set → standards are established → performance is evaluated → feedback is provided Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Topic: The Review Process Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

46. __________ describe general guidelines for governing activity; __________ indicate how guidelines are to be carried out. a) Procedures; policies b) Laws; rules c) Rules; laws d) Policies; procedures Answer: d

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Topic: Policies and Procedures—The Rules of the Game Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. A __________ is a senior or experienced employee who serves to assist a new employee through advising, role modeling, or providing support. a) mentor b) supervisor c) manager d) trainer Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Topic: Policies and Procedures—Written and Unwritten Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

48. Instituting a formal mentoring program contributed to the __________ entering the Top 10 Best Places to Work in the Federal Government. a) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) b) Social Security Administration (SSA) c) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) d) Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Topic: Policies and Procedures—Written and Unwritten Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. Pacing oneself means __________. a) slowing down b) completing difficult tasks first c) planning to structure one’s time d) working through lunch hour or breaks to catch up Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

Topic: Stress in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

50. Which suggestion is effective for pacing yourself to reduce workplace stress? a) Schedule your work tasks based on your body rhythms. b) Work through lunch, and forego any breaks so you can go home early. c) Don’t take any vacations; just take the cash equivalent when you leave your job. d) Compete as much as possible with your coworkers.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Tips for Pacing Yourself Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: Occupational Trends EOM Q12.1.1 Sociologist Alvin Toffler pointed out many decades ago that change itself is __________.

A. changing B. constant C. a myth D. retroactive Consider This: The rate of change has been accelerating steadily over the past 40 years. 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

EOM Q12.1.2 It is estimated that well over 80% of the world’s technological advances have occurred in the last __________.

A. 100 years B. 50 years C. 25 years D. 10 years Consider This: Think about the remarkable advances that have been achieved in your lifetime, your parents’ lifetime, your grandparents’ lifetime, and even before that. 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

EOM Q12.1.3 People born between approximately 1977 and 2000 are referred to as “Millennials,” also known as __________.

A. Generation Y B. Generation X C. Generation Z D. the Lost Generation Consider This: Think about the age range of this cohort of people. Where do they fall in the age ranges of people over the past 80 years or so? 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Quiz: Global Interdependence EOM Q12.2.1

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When the source of production or a provided service resides outside of a parent company’s city, state, or nation, it is called __________.

A. outsourcing B. insourcing C. downsizing D. exportation Consider This: This practice is often used as a way of reducing labor or production costs. 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

EOM Q12.2.2 Outsourcing production or services specifically to another country is called __________.

A. offshoring B. decentralization C. insourcing D. reconfiguring Consider This: A business may outsource production to a nearby locale, state, or town but this term applies when production is shipped overseas. 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

EOM Q12.2.3 Outsourcing and offshoring teach us that the workplace in the 21st century has become __________.

A. the whole world B. vastly smaller C. a matter of local politics D. nonexistent Consider This: More and more businesses have become globally interdependent during the last few decades. 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.2 Explain the effects of increasing global interdependence on the skills required to participate in the world economy.

Quiz: Occupations in Demand EOM Q12.3.1 One of the fastest growing occupations projected between 2012 and 2022 is __________.

A. industrial-organizational psychologists B. railyard workers C. dentists D. miners Consider This: Think about the general category into which this course falls. 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

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Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

EOM Q12.3.2 One of the largest growing categories of employment—those projected to have the largest increase in employment—from 2012 to 2022 is __________.

A. office and administrative support B. professional athletics C. farm equipment maintenance D. aerospace engineering Consider This: “Fastest growing” and “largest increase in employment” are different categories. Which of these occupational sectors will need to add the most employees during the decade under consideration?

12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

EOM Q12.3.3 The fastest growing occupations will be those that require __________.

A. more education and training B. manual labor C. reduced cognitive capacity D. an Associate of Arts (AA) degree Consider This: The world continues to develop into a fast-paced, busy, information-hungry, and information-driven place. 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.3 Recognize the career areas likely to experience the largest amount of growth in the coming years.

Quiz: Leadership in the Workplace EOM Q12.4.1 __________ means influencing people to think and/or act in a certain way.

A. Leadership B. Coercion C. Partnership D. Servitude Consider This: What quality would a person need to possess to get others to follow him or her? 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

EOM Q12.4.2 Participative leadership is also known as a __________ style of leadership.

A. democratic B. laissez-faire

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C. autocratic D. bureaucratic Consider This: In this style of leadership, the leader embraces employee involvement in decision making.

12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

EOM Q12.4.3 A transformational leader is someone who __________.

A. has an unusual amount of influence on followers and can elevate them to higher levels of motivation and morality B. can argue persuasively for a position and convince a work team to adopt that position C. has the ability to consistently meet task-leadership goals D. fosters a cold, impersonal relationship with their employees Consider This: Think about why this kind of leadership style would be called what it’s called. 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Quiz: Performance Evaluations EOM Q12.5.1 A formal, written appraisal of an employee’s work performance is called a _________.

A. performance evaluation B. leadership memo C. quality control D. work analysis Consider This: You will face many of these during your career as an employee and you will hope that your work merits an excellent appraisal. 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

EOM Q12.5.2 The first step in the performance appraisal process is __________.

A. performance standards for a given job are established by the organization B. performance is either rewarded or corrective action is taken C. performance is compared to a supervisor’s idea of how the organization should improve D. rating an employee using standards established during the performance appraisal Consider This: Think about what a logical first step would need to be in order to evaluate someone’s performance. 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

EOM Q12.5.3

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The “rules of the game” in a workplace are called __________ and __________.

A. policies; procedures B. expectancies; actualities C. ideals; realities D. Theory X; Theory Y Consider This: Both of these need to be in place in order for employers and employees to understand what’s expected in the workplace. 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Quiz: Stress in the Workplace EOM Q12.6.1 One way to deal with stress in the workplace is to __________.

A. pace yourself B. take on greater responsibilities C. double-check your own work and the work of your teammates D. sleep less and work more Consider This: Sometimes when stressed we need to slow down, breathe, collect ourselves, and then plan effectively. 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

EOM Q12.6.2 Stimulation from events in most any workplace sets the stage for __________.

A. a stress epidemic B. underachievement C. spiritual enlightenment D. exploitation of the workforce Consider This: Consider that attitudes and emotions can become contagious in group settings. 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

EOM Q12.6.3 Paying attention to your natural body rhythms can allow you to __________.

A. schedule your most difficult tasks for your peak performance hours B. call in sick to work when necessary C. form more effective work teams D. adopt a leadership position in your organization Consider This: Think of the various tips available for pacing yourself at work. 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

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Chapter Quiz: Knowing the Workplace EOC Q12.1 What term is used to describe experts in information and communications technology?

A. gold collar workers B. blue collar workers C. white collar workers D. green collar workers Consider This: Computers have become so important to keeping the world running, the experts who design and maintain them have achieved an elite status in society. 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

EOC Q12.2 __________ have become the largest minority group in the United States.

A. Hispanics B. Asian Americans C. African Americans D. Native Americans Consider This: This group accounts for 16.7 percent of the population, based on recent census data. 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.1 Identify current trends in the workforce.

EOC Q12.3 A __________ asks how and when, whereas as a __________ asks what and why.

A. manager; leader B. follower; bystander C. leader; manager D. visionary; reactionary Consider This: These different functions may exist in the same person, but often they do not. 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

EOC Q12.4 Ingo Larsen sees his workers as people who dislike work and who are basically lazy and irresponsible.

What theory of leadership does Ingo endorse?

A. Theory X B. Theory Y C. Theory Z D. Omega theory Consider This: How leaders view their workers has a big impact on how they choose to lead them. 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

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EOC Q12.5 The __________ style of leadership places the power of decision making within the group.

A. laissez-faire B. democratic C. autocratic D. demagogic Consider This: This style of leadership is associated with the concept of empowerment. 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.4 Define styles of leadership and their differing effects on the workplace.

EOC Q12.6 The general guidelines or rules for governing activity in the workplace are called __________.

A. policies B. procedures C. indicators D. mission statements Consider This: The first one endeavors to get things done, the second provides the vision and motivation that encompasses the group goals. 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

EOC Q12.7 A senior employee who assists a new employee through advising, role modeling, and offering support is called a __________.

A. mentor B. manager C. rectifier D. consigliere Consider This: Having such a person available can be of great assistance to an employee just starting out in a job. 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

EOC Q12.8 Policies and procedures in a given workplace are usually contained in __________.

A. an employee handbook B. a leader’s secure files C. weekly memos to managers D. the oral history of the organization Consider This: Most organizations provide these or make it available to employees to use as a reference guide. 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy

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Objective: 12.5 Describe how performance reviews can help you identify areas of strength and need for improvement.

EOC Q12.9 Rudy checks his email, holds office hours, and signs a daily stack of forms during his lunch break. Rudy appears not to be very good at __________ during his work day.

A. pacing himself B. completing tasks C. leading others D. following procedures Consider This: Rudy accomplishes a lot at work, but his failure to take breaks may increase his stress level and negatively affect his long-term health. 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

EOC Q12.10 One strategy for pacing yourself at work is to __________.

A. shift between pleasant and unpleasant tasks B. arrive earlier and stay later in the workplace C. sleep less and work more D. multitask and assume greater responsibilities Consider This: Think about what might result from the various strategies listed here. 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 12.6 Identify ways to recognize and effectively manage stress in the workplace.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 13 Designing Your Own Career 1. According to John Holland’s theory of vocational behavior, people with a(n) __________ personality type like to apply scientific principles in their pursuits. a) enterprising b) investigative c) realistic d) social Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

2. According to John Holland’s theory of vocational behavior, people with a(n) __________ personality type are persuasive risk-takers. a) investigative b) social c) artistic d) enterprising Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. According to John Holland’s theory of vocational behavior, people with a(n) __________ personality type are creative, imaginative, and emotional. a) artistic b) enterprising c) conventional d) realistic Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. According to John Holland’s theory of vocational behavior, people with a(n) __________ personality type like to work with others, especially in helping relationships. a) conventional b) social c) enterprising d) investigative Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

5. According to John Holland’s theory of vocational behavior, people with a(n) __________ personality type enjoy working in structured situations in which they can display their self-disciplined orderliness. a) enterprising b) realistic c) conventional d) social Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. According to John Holland’s theory of vocational behavior, people with a(n) __________ personality type enjoy abstract thinking and discovering new knowledge. a) investigative b) enterprising c) realistic d) artistic Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. Pedro likes to apply the laws of physics to construct things and make things work. He plans to earn a degree in engineering. Pedro’s interests would be an example of which of John Holland’s personality orientations? a) investigative b) conventional c) enterprising d) realistic Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

8. Marlene likes to try new things and take chances. She’s naturally gifted at convincing people to see her point of view. She likes influencing other people and is thinking about majoring in entrepreneurship. Marlene is showing behaviors representative of which of John Holland’s personality orientations? a) investigative b) enterprising c) social d) conventional

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. Brice dropped out of university and decided to look for a different way to express his creativity and imagination. He later enrolled in the Creative Expression Institute. Brice is exhibiting characteristics of John Holland’s __________ personality orientation. a) realistic b) conventional c) artistic d) investigative Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. Which variable is included in Anne Roe’s theory of career development? a) place of residence b) intellect c) missing skills d) political ideology Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. According to Anne Roe’s theory of career development, vocational behavior __________. a) reflects only internal factors, such as personality b) is based exclusively on environmental factors c) is a product of tradition and habit d) is the result of a collection of variables Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. A __________ is a consistent, near perfect performance in an activity. a) talent b) gift c) strength d) capacity

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Focusing on Your Strengths—Applying Positive Psychology to Your Career Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

13. According to Martin E. P. Seligman, the difference between a talent and a strength is that __________. a) a talent is innate, whereas a strength is acquired b) a talent is acquired, whereas a strength is innate c) a talent is meaningless, whereas a strength is meaningful d) a talent is meaningful, whereas a strength is meaningless Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Focusing on Your Strengths—Applying Positive Psychology to Your Career Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Martin E. P. Seligman’s research on character concluded that __________. a) different virtues are valued in different cultures b) different strengths are valued in different cultures c) there is no agreement across cultures regarding valued virtues d) six core virtues are valued across almost all cultures and religions Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Focusing on Your Strengths—Applying Positive Psychology to Your Career Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. __________ refers to the process of discovering what is going on inside ourselves and noticing patterns in our behaviors, feelings, and attitudes. a) Introspection b) Interdependence c) Extrapolation d) Co-dependence Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Self-Assessment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

16. Introspection can be facilitated by adopting __________. a) the inquisitive stance b) the witnessing stance c) the warrior stance d) the minister’s stance Answer: b

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Self-Assessment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. An assessment instrument particularly well-suited to making career decisions is the __________. a) Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) b) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) c) Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R) d) Career Occupational Preference System – Professional (COPS-P) Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Self-Assessment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

18. Two popular assessment instruments that can help in identifying strengths and career orientations are the __________ and the __________. a) Scholastic Aptiitude Test (SAT); Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) b) Strong Interest Inventory (SII); American Characteristics Test (ACT) c) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); Strong Interest Inventory (SII) d) Scholastic Aptiitude Test (SAT); American Characteristics Test (ACT) Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Self-Assessment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment instrument based on the ideas of Carl Jung. It assesses individual preferences on each of __________ dimensions, yielding __________ possible MBTI types.

A) two; eight B) four; 16 C) six; 18 D) 16; 32 Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Self-Assessment Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. When gathering information about careers it is helpful to look at __________ as a broad indicator of possibilities. a) career families b) television series depicting a career area c) specific careers

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e d) textbooks rather than online resources Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Topic: Theories About Career Choices Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

21. Pablo wants to learn more about the occupational field of oral surgery. As a starting point, he visits CareerBuilder, JobsWeb, and Quintessential Careers to gather information. Which tactic is Pablo using to inform himself about his occupational future? a) interning b) using books c) visiting a career center d) using online resources Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Sources Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

22. Quinn wants to learn more about the occupational field of animal husbandry. As such, she offers her unpaid services at a local ranch, in the hope of gaining firsthand experience with the day-to-day aspects of the job.

Which tactic is Quinn using to inform herself about her occupational future? a) volunteering b) consulting a professional association c) using books d) visiting a career center Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Sources Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

23. Rolph wants to learn more about the occupational field of ditch-digging. As he drives down a country lane one afternoon, he stops the car and strikes up a conversation with three people excavating a trench. Which tactic is Rolph using to inform himself about his occupational future? a) consulting a professional association b) interview c) using on-line resources d) volunteering Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Sources Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

24. What do most decision theorists conclude is an effective method for making a complex decision, such as which career to choose? a) Ask trusted friends and loved ones, and go with the most popular answer.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) Identify a single factor, such as salary, and base the decision on that. c) Systematically compare important factors against alternative choices. d) Reach a decision quickly, recognizing that you can always change your mind later.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Making the Decision Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

25. Eunice wants to pursue a career change, so she identifies three possible fields of interest, lays out 10 relevant variables (such as salary, work schedule, or location), and assigns numerical weights to each of them.

With a little bit of rudimentary mathematics Eunice was able to isolate a “top scoring” occupation. How effective is this approach as a general decision-making strategy? a) Not effective; research shows that calculations are no better than “gut” decisions. b) Not effective; it’s impossible to identify all variables for all occupations. c) Somewhat effective; Eunice should have also integrated the wishes of her current boss. d) Very effective; it includes objective factors, subjective weightings, and calculated outcomes.

Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Making the Decision Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

26. After making an important decision, what is a final step to enact? a) reflect upon, review, and re-affirm the decision b) shape, shade, and shake the decision to identify any weak conclusions c) toss it, turn it, and twist the decision to see it from all angles d) wring, wrest, and wrangle the decision so that it conforms to individual standards of success Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Making the Decision Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

27. Ricky wants to practice dentistry as an occupation. He realizes that to accomplish that he’ll have to complete dental school, and to accomplish that he’ll need to get into dental school, and to accomplish that he’ll need to get good grades in college, and to accomplish that he’ll need to get a good grade on tomorrow’s biology test, so to accomplish that he needs to study well tonight. What kind of goal is “studying well tonight” in this situation?

A) long-term goal B) occupational goal C) short-term goal D) life goal Answer: c Learning Objective 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Finding Information About Careers Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA LO: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

28. Ricky wants to practice dentistry as an occupation. He realizes that to accomplish that, he’ll have to complete dental school; and to accomplish that, he’ll need to get into dental school; and to accomplish that, he’ll

7 .

Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e need to get good grades in college; and to accomplish that, he’ll need to get a good grade on tomorrow’s biology test; so to accomplish that, he needs to study well tonight. What kind of goal is “getting a good grade on the exam” in this situation? a) long-term goal b) occupational goal c) short-term goal d) life goal Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. Ricky wants to practice dentistry as an occupation. He realizes that to accomplish that, he’ll have to complete dental school; and to accomplish that, he’ll need to get into dental school; and to accomplish that, he’ll need to get good grades in college; and to accomplish that, he’ll need to get a good grade on tomorrow’s biology test; so to accomplish, that he needs to study well tonight. What kind of goal is “practicing dentistry as an occupation” in this situation? a) long-term goal b) occupational goal c) short-term goal d) life goal Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. Wendell is compiling a list of his current skills, his interests and experiences, his short-term goals, and his long range requirements. What kind of document is Wendell assembling? a) a to-do list b) a business plan c) a life plan d) a career plan Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. Which attribute represents a long-range general ability? a) critical thinking skills b) summer employment c) good test scores in college classes d) working toward a bachelor’s degree Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

32. Which attribute represents a short-term specific goal? a) teaching skills b) completing the current semester in college c) experiential knowledge in a chosen field d) general interests Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. Which attribute represents a current skill, interest, or experience? a) summer employment b) teaching skills c) critical thinking skills d) completing the current semester in college Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA LO: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. Elroy maintains good test scores in most of his college classes. Which aspect of informing Elroy’s career goals is this outcome related to? a) life strategies for occupational success b) short-term specific goals that help make a dream a reality c) long-range general abilities and requirements d) current skills, interests, and experiences Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. Sholanda hones her critical thinking skills and recognizes that these are an important attribute to maintain.

Which aspect of informing Sholanda’s career goals is this outcome related to? a) life strategies for occupational success b) short-term specific goals that help make a dream a reality c) long-range general abilities and requirements d) current skills, interests, and experiences Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

36. Skeezix is in the top 10 percent of his high school class, and he’s quite proud of that achievement. Which aspect of informing Skeezix’s career goals is this outcome related to? a) life strategies for occupational success

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e b) short-term specific goals that help make a dream a reality c) long-range general abilities and requirements d) current skills, interests, and experiences Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. Emma Lou really enjoys her summer job working as a lifeguard. Which aspect of informing Emma Lou’s career goals is this outcome related to? a) life strategies for occupational success b) short-term specific goals that help make a dream a reality c) long-range general abilities and requirements d) current skills, interests, and experiences Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

38. Delia is on track to earn her bachelor’s degree in one more semester; that achievement will position her for the next steps in her career. Which aspect of informing Delia’s career goals is this outcome related to? a) life strategies for occupational success b) short-term specific goals that help make a dream a reality c) long-range general abilities and requirements d) current skills, interests, and experiences Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about and act on career choices.

Topic: Setting Goals Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

39. What is the best plan for developing a résumé? a) Find an attractive format and stick with that; filling in the details is secondary. b) Create a single all-purpose résumé that can be used for a variety of job applications. c) Customize the document so that it is specific for each position being applied for. d) Find an existing résumé online, and then copy your own qualifications into the relevant sections.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Preparing Your Resume Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. The first review of a résumé to determine if it goes any further is often conducted by a __________. a) human resource specialist b) scanner machine c) search committee member d) company president

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Preparing Your Resume Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. Regarding résumé style, most employers prefer a __________ over other formats. a) task accomplishment order b) functions served c) position-tailored d) chronological order Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Preparing Your Resume Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

42. Ideally, how long should a résumé be? a) one page b) two pages c) three pages d) four pages Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Preparing Your Resume Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

43. What purpose does a cover letter serve? a) A cover letter contains biographical information about an applicant. b) A cover letter is little more than a list of references. c) A cover letter gets an employer to read a résumé. d) A cover letter is an expanded version of a résumé.

Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Writing Your Cover Letter Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

44. Ideally, how long should a letter of inquiry be? a) one page b) two pages c) three pages d) four pages Answer: a

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Writing Your Cover Letter Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. The first paragraph of a letter of inquiry should simply __________. a) detail an applicant’s skills and experience b) make clear what the applicant can bring to the company c) ask straight away for a response from the reader d) stimulate interest in the reader Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Writing Your Cover Letter Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. Lucas is getting advice from a counselor in his career center. What is the counselor most likely to tell Lucas is the most important part in the employment selection process? a) the quality of your letter of inquiry b) the grammar and spelling of your cover letter c) how you conduct yourself during the employment interview d) your ability to negotiate a higher salary than initially offered Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Preparing for the Job Interview Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

47. In preparing for an interview, it is necessary to gather information about __________. a) the person conducting the interview b) the company or organization c) the salary offered d) the benefits program Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Preparing for the Job Interview Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

48. Which of the five C’s of interviewing refers to being honest and direct? a) candid b) challenged c) comfortable d) confident Answer: a

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: The Five C’s to Keep in Mind Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. Immediately after leaving an interview, you should __________. a) celebrate with a friend to relax b) write a thank you letter c) call the interviewer to ask when you will hear something d) review and jot notes about the interview Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: After Leaving the Interview Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

50. After securing a job, the next step is to focus on how you add __________ to your organization. a) recognition b) new tasks c) value d) responsibility Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Topic: Keeping Your Job Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: Theories About Career Choices EOM Q13.1.1 The psychologist who developed six basic personality orientations was __________.

A. John Holland B. P. D. Morehouse C. Elton French D. J. B. Rhine Consider This: These personality orientations relate to vocational behavior and vocational interests. 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

EOM Q13.1.2 People with a __________ orientation enjoy working in structured situations, and prefer orderly, routine tasks.

A. conventional B. investigative C. artistic D. enterprising Consider This: Think about what these terms imply, then think about the kind of work someone high on these dimensions might enjoy. 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

EOM Q13.1.3 The process of looking inward at ourselves is referred to as __________.

A. introspection B. intrusion C. self-absorption D. reality monitoring Consider This: Think about what the words “look inward” imply in their literal sense. 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Quiz: Finding Information About Careers EOM Q13.2.1

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

The “DOT” as a source of career information stands for __________, published by the federal government.

A. Dictionary of Occupational Titles B. Development of Theories C. Designing Our Tomorrows D. Death or Taxes Consider This: What resource do you think the federal government might have a hand in producing for the career benefit of its citizens? 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

EOM Q13.2.2 In addition to interviews and internships, an excellent first place to look for career information and job listings is on the __________.

A. internet B. public transportation system C. bulletin board in the local Post Office D. covers of matchbooks Consider This: Whenever you want to find something, where do you first look? 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices. world economy.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

EOM Q13.2.3 A __________ should include your basic mission or goal, your long-range requirements, and your shortterm goals.

A. career plan B. life statement C. testament D. eulogy Consider This: It’s good to have one of these things in place when you’re first looking for a job. 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices. world economy.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

Quiz: Getting the Job EOM Q13.3.1 What are the five C’s to remember in an interview?

A. challenged, communicative, candid, comfortable, confident B. commit, control, confront, chastise, condemn C. cuddle, chuckle, cajole, cheer, click D. complex, contemplate, charisma, conjoin, convey

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Consider This: Think about how these collections of “C” words might contribute to success in an interview.

13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

EOM Q13.3.2 After leaving a job interview, you should follow up with a __________ thanking the interviewer.

A. written letter B. warm hug C. fist bump D. high five Consider This: You will, no doubt, want to maintain a professional relationship with the interviewer. 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

EOM Q13.3.3 One of the most important behaviors for keeping your job is adding __________ to your company.

A. value B. extra work C. frustration D. cleanliness Consider This: There are many potential employees out there. Why should a company keep you around instead of somebody else? 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Chapter Quiz: Designing Your Own Career EOC Q13.1 Burt is high in mechanical ability, and likes making things and doing things. He has considered a career as an electrician, plumber, or carpenter. Burt’s personality orientation related to work is most likely __________.

A. realistic B. enterprising C. investigative D. social Consider This: Imagine Burt in a work situation, pursuing a career he’s interested in. Which term might describe that career and those interests?

13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

EOC Q13.2

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Millicent is pursuing a career as a social worker because she really likes to help people in need and she feels she’s skilled at doing so. Millicent’s personality orientation related to work is __________.

A. social B. artistic C. realistic D. conventional Consider This: Millicent’s job requires interacting with others and establishing relationships with them. 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

EOC Q13.3 The psychologist who looks at marital situation as a factor in career decision is __________.

A. Anne Roe B. Lavinia Dock C. Mary Phelps Jacob D. Carly Haufe Consider This: This person identified an array of variables that relate to vocational behavior. 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

EOC Q13.4 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), COPS-P, and Strong Interest Inventory are all examples of __________ that can help a person identify her or his employment interests.

A. assessment instruments B. major theories C. performance appraisals D. interviewing techniques Consider This: Each of these items can help a person identify strengths, interests, personality leanings, and other characteristics related to work. 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.1 Relate different theories of vocational behavior to your understanding of your own strengths and interests.

EOC Q13.5 A government agency that compiles trends, averages, and other information related to occupations is the __________.

A. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) B. Institute for Peace and Prosperity (IPP) C. Risk Management Agency (RMA) D. Citizens’ Council on Comptroller Policies (CCCP) Consider This: Think about what these different agencies might have as their official tasks. 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Objective: 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

EOC Q13.6 Barry has compiled a list of questions he wants to ask the local butcher in the hopes of identifying whether he, himself, might want to pursue a career in butchery one day. Barry is using the __________ technique to gather information about occupational options.

A. interview B. self-assessment C. introspective D. personality profile Consider This: Barry is gathering information from someone already in his occupational field of interest.

13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

EOC Q13.7 Which of these would be a long-range general ability a person might have in her or his career plan?

A. Acquire knowledge of the scientific method.

B. Get good test scores.

C. Complete the current college semester.

D. Donate food to the homeless this season.

Consider This: Think about how near or far in the future these goals and abilities might be. 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 13.2 Identify various ways to gather information about different careers and act on career choices.

EOC Q13.8 A résumé should be __________ page(s).

A. one B. three C. five D. seven Consider This: Potential employers want to get a snapshot of your skills and abilities. 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

EOC Q13.9 A letter that responds to a specific position open is referred to as a letter of __________.

A. application B. inquiry C. intent D. coverage Consider This: Recall the difference between being interested in a specific job versus wondering if a job is available. 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Objective: 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

EOC Q13.10 The goal of your interview is to __________.

A. get an offer for a position B. play hard to get C. negotiate a top salary D. make a new friend Consider This: Recall why you would be interviewing for a job in the first place. 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 13.3 Recognize the important elements of applying for, acquiring, and maintaining employment.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

Abascal 7e TestBank | Chapter 14 Applying Positive Psychology at Work 1. Being “people smart” refers to mastering skills related to __________ and __________. a) emotional intelligence; social intelligence b) quantitative reasoning; verbal skills c) persuasion; confidence d) environmental awareness; self-control Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: Introduction Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

2. Our ability to be aware of our inner selves is called __________ by Howard Gardner. a) kinesthetic intelligence b) interpersonal intelligence c) self-intelligence d) intrapersonal intelligence Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Our ability to connect effectively in working with other people is an aspect of __________ as outlined by Howard Gardner. a) intrapersonal intelligence b) natural intelligence c) interpersonal intelligence d) preferential intelligence Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. Daniel Goleman argues that __________ is the basis for emotional intelligence. a) logical thinking b) self-awareness c) conflict resolution d) persuasiveness Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

5. Listening actively and empathically, and clarifying and interpreting verbal and nonverbal messages, are all part of which “people smart” competency?

1 .

Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) understanding people b) resolving conflict c) influencing others d) asserting your needs Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

6. Being your own person, having and establishing limits, and being straightforward with your wishes, are all part of which “people smart” competency? a) being a team player b) asserting your needs c) influencing others d) exchanging feedback Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

7. Accepting the challenge to work with others by complementing their work styles is part of which “people smart” competency? a) expressing yourself clearly b) understanding people c) being a team player d) asserting your needs Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

8. Understanding differences in people, and being able to make changes to one’s own behavior as a consequence, is part of which “people smart” competency? a) expressing yourself clearly b) exchanging feedback c) influencing others d) shifting gears Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

9. Being able to motivate others to action, connect with people, and discover their needs, are all part of which “people smart” competency? a) being a team player b) asserting your needs

2 .

Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) shifting gears d) influencing others Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Topic: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

10. __________ is the basis for moving in a motivated direction toward a desired outcome. a) Goal setting b) Instinct c) Reflex d) Intuition Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: What Do You Want the Outcome to Be? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

11. Which objective would be classified as a short-term goal? a) being successful in life b) earning a lot of money c) finishing a homework assignment tonight d) becoming a practicing lawyer someday Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: Understanding Yourself Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

12. Our characteristic patterns of behavior, including our thoughts and emotions, comprise our __________. a) collective unconscious b) personality c) personal unconscious d) ambitions Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: What Is Your Personality Like?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

13. Which statement accurately describes the research consensus on personality? a) Personality continues to change and develop until a person reaches her or his mid-20’s. b) Until the age of 10, personality is usually nonexistent; instead, “behavioral tendencies” are evident. c) Personality is formed during an individual’s early life; major changes after that are unlikely. d) Personality is an ever-expanding construct, which means personality can be modified throughout the lifespan.

Answer: c

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: What Is Your Personality Like?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

14. Ben was feeling flummoxed. He told a group of friends at a party, “I’m on a path of self-discovery – I’m really trying to figure myself out. But I don’t know how to go about doing that – gathering information about who I am.”

“Why don’t you just ask us?” his friends inquired. What source of understanding are Ben’s friends recommending? a) completing a personality assessment b) using introspection c) creating a life plan d) getting feedback from others Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: How Can You Get and Use Feedback?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. Sara has an assertive personality, which helps her negotiate many outcomes. However, her default tendency is to act in the extreme, where assertiveness becomes overbearing, rude, obnoxious bullying. What does Sara need to strive for in her self-understanding? a) a healthy balance among her personality traits b) seeking professional psychological help c) gathering diagnostic feedback from others d) limiting her social interactions with others Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: How Can You Keep a Balance?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Achieving balance in self-understanding means recognizing that __________. a) each of us is a uniquely gifted individual b) personality characteristics can both help and hinder c) the past cannot determine the future d) one’s personality traits should be applied the same way across all situations Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Topic: What Is Your Personality Like?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

17. Mr. Drexel is the manager of a shoe store in the mall. He is always telling his employees how to do everything. If he overhears two employees talking about how to do something, he jumps in and explains how it should be done, corrects even the slightest mistake, and goes on endlessly about how things should be done

4 .

Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e his certain way. Mr. Drexel is exhibiting a need for __________. a) affiliation b) recognition c) power d) achievement Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

18. If Carlos seems to always take charge of groups that he belongs to, we might say that he has a need for __________. a) endorsement b) achievement c) affiliation d) power Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

19. Maria is a straight “A” student, has a responsible job, and is a first class reporter for the campus newspaper.

She seems to excel at everything she does. Maria is demonstrating a need for __________. a) achievement b) power c) social comfort d) affiliation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

20. Christina says college success is important to her, but she spends much of her time hanging out with her friends and very little time studying. Christina appears to have a need for __________. a) power b) achievement c) affiliation d) comfort Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

21. The order of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy begins with the lowest level, that of __________ needs. a) self-actualization b) esteem c) belonging d) basic biological Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

22. Which sequence represents the correct order of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy, arranged from low to high? a) biological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization b) safety, esteem, belonging, biological, self-actualization c) esteem, safety, biological, belonging, self-actualization d) biological, belonging, safety, esteem, self-actualization Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. Margarita spends a great deal of her time with her friends. At work, she spends a lot of time at the water fountain, talking with colleagues. She goes out with her friends several times a week. We could infer that she is manifesting which of Abraham Maslow’s needs? a) safety b) esteem c) belonging d) biological Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

24. According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization __________. a) is the simplest of needs b) is a need most people never reach in their lives c) includes concerns about security d) involves people’s feelings about their worth Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e

25. People who achieve a self-actualized state often experience moments of exhilaration and ecstasy. Abraham Maslow called these moments __________. a) significant outcomes b) defining events c) self-awareness d) peak experiences Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

26. Events or situations in the environment can serve as a __________ for a specific intense emotional response. a) reminder b) motivator c) trigger d) reaction Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: Triggers for Positive and Negative Behaviors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

27. Alina knows that when she hears the word “applesauce,” it triggers a strong negative emotional response, tied to a traumatic childhood incident. As such, she’s trained herself to interpret “applesauce” as “avid salts,” thereby robbing the trigger of its power. What technique for managing negative emotions is Alina using? a) cognitive restructuring of the situation b) minimizing self-destructive behaviors c) monitoring the situation d) avoiding the situation Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: Triggers for Positive and Negative Behaviors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

28. Children who have grown up during a highly technological period are often referred to as __________. a) tech-teens b) electronic savants c) media giants d) digital natives Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Topic: The Impact of Technology on Emotional Intelligence Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. In the People Smart Pagoda, the foundation is __________. a) being emotionally intelligent b) experiencing a paradigm shift c) awareness of oneself and others d) identifying one’s cognitive habits Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Understanding Others Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

30. The skills used to develop awareness of oneself are __________. a) irrelevant to discovering information about others b) the same skills used for developing awareness of others c) based on a foundation of other-directedness d) the lowest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Understanding Others Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. Which sequence should be followed to understand one’s coworkers? a) predicting, testing hunches, observing b) observing, predicting, testing hunches c) observing, testing hunches, predicting d) testing hunches, observing, predicting Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Personalities of Others in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

32. Which attribute would a “people smart” global citizen exhibit? a) insisting on a common language for communication b) highlighting differences among people as sources of weakness c) working with close-knit teams of friends d) regarding all people of the world as important Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Understanding Others Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. Which attribute would a “people smart” global citizen exhibit? a) focusing on national politics b) listening effectively

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e c) feeling uncomfortable in a group of people from mixed backgrounds d) ignoring the environment Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Understanding Others Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. Which attribute would a “people smart” global citizen exhibit? a) having respect for human dignity b) highlighting differences among people as sources of weakness c) using fear as a motivator d) abdicating moral leadership Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Understanding Others Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. Different cultural groups use different expressions or sayings. In general, these are known as __________. a) dialects b) conventions c) habits d) idioms Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Topic: Social and Cultural Conventions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

36. What are the steps involved in building a strength? a) converting themes into talents, converting talents into strengths, and applying strengths whenever possible b) developing self-awareness, developing other awareness, and combining the self with others c) meshing talents with themes, then applying both to strengths d) identifying a dominant theme of talent, discovering specific talents, refining talents with knowledge and skills Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Topic: Using Your Strengths as You Develop in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. The strengthening of synaptic connections in the brain becomes fairly stable after __________ of age. a) 12 months b) 9 years c) 15 years d) 33 years Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Topic: Using Your Strengths as You Develop in the Workplace Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

38. What outcome resulted after implementing strength-based development in the Toyota North American Parts Center? a) Per-person productivity increased by 6 percent. b) Managers became more compassionate toward employee needs. c) Worker morale decreased across all divisions. d) Group productivity increased by 25 percent.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Topic: Positive Outcomes of Strength-Based Development Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

39. Which characteristic applies to positive institutions? a) maintaining the status quo b) exhibiting transparency, authenticity, and honesty c) focusing on the present d) treating people interchangeably Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Topic: Positive Institutions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

40. The deep green environmental movement argues that __________. a) we cannot turn back the hands of the clock and return to the time of small family farms b) technology will ultimately find solutions to our environmental problems c) factory farming is a necessary solution to save the planet d) we must return to a simpler way of life to save the planet Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Topic: Positive Institutions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

41. Us vs. them, left vs. right, good vs. evil, and other forms of thinking that don’t allow for gray areas in between extremes are examples of __________. a) demonization b) negotiation c) polarization d) assimilation Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: Beware of Polarization

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Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. What is the first step in conflict resolution? a) Identify the problem or conflict to yourself. b) Describe the problem and your needs. c) Explore possible solutions. d) Consider the other party’s point of view.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: How to Resolve Conflict—A Model for Conflict Resolution Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

43. The process of generating as many solutions to a problem as possible in an uninhibited fashion, free of judgment or criticism, is referred to as __________. a) a vision quest b) brainstorming c) wishstorming d) goal setting Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: How to Resolve Conflict—A Model for Conflict Resolution Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

44. A “yesable proposal” refers to __________. a) an option presented by others that you can easily agree to b) a question that any reasonable person must answer yes to c) an agreement to disagree d) an aspect of your position that will be easy for the other side to agree to Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: How to Resolve Conflict—A Model for Conflict Resolution Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

45. Many larger companies maintain employee assistance programs where help with __________. a) housing renovation is provided b) substance abuse and other personal problems is provided c) obtaining prescription drugs is offered, if necessary d) lack of moral judgment is addressed and resolved Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: Substance Abuse Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

46. Burnout is especially prevalent among workers in __________.

11 .

Abascal, Essential Elements for Effectiveness, 7e a) manufacturing environments b) sports c) helping professions d) advertising Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: Burnout Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

47. Quid pro quo is a fancy Latin phrase that would summarize which of the following situations? a) In order to gain a promotion, a worker must submit to sexual advances from her supervisor. b) An older worker is dismissed because he reached mandatory retirement age. c) Being in a hostile work environment causes a decrease in worker productivity. d) A disabled worker must identify all accommodations needed before applying for a job.

Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Topic: Sexual Harassment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

48. A sense of __________ comes from feeling that you are at the helm in your life. a) hope b) worry c) dread d) energy Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

Topic: Taking Charge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

49. The concept of flow is best described as __________. a) being extrinsically motivated based on rewards we expect to gain b) coming from the external world or from other people c) a state in which people find their work exhilarating and in which they perform at their best d) a state in which people find their work exhausting and lacking in creativity Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

Topic: Flow Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. Motivation that comes from within a person is referred to as __________. a) extrinsic motivation b) personal motivation c) pseudo-motivation d) intrinsic motivation Answer: d

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Topic: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Revel Quizzes The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Essential Elements for Effectiveness, Seventh Edition.

Quiz: What Does It Mean to Be People Smart?

EOM Q14.1.1 If I am able to understand myself and appreciate my feelings, Howard Gardner would say this is __________ intelligence.

A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. componential D. esoteric Consider This: This kind of intelligence would involve looking inward and examining the self. 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

EOM Q14.1.2 Being your own person, having and establishing limits, and being straightforward with your wishes are all aspects of __________.

A. asserting your needs B. exchanging feedback C. resolving conflict D. shifting gears Consider This: Think about the common element all of these behaviors share. 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

EOM Q14.1.3 Part of “shifting gears” when showing “people smarts” is __________.

A. understanding differences in people B. being able to motivate others to action C. giving feedback diplomatically D. listening actively Consider This: Think about the behaviors that illustrate the various aspects of being “people smart.” 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Quiz: Understanding Yourself EOM Q14.2.1 To determine direction and focus, it is helpful to __________.

A. set goals B. obey others C. stick with tried and true behavior

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D. do what society tells you to do Consider This: Lack of direction is called aimlessness. What does an archer, a soccer forward, or a place kicker aim at? 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

EOM Q14.2.2 Characteristic patterns of behavior, including thoughts and emotions, is a definition of __________.

A. personality B. intelligence C. motivation D. vitality Consider This: Think about the breadth of coverage this definition entails. 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

EOM Q14.2.3 One key to success is recognizing how your personality patterns both __________ and __________ you.

A. help; hinder B. define; describe C. shape; mold D. restrict; free Consider This: The same set of traits can be an advantage in some situations and a disadvantage in other situations. 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Quiz: How Personal Needs Drive Behavior EOM Q14.3.1 Bartleby has a strong desire to stay connected to other people and be in social settings. Bartleby is high in __________.

A. need for affiliation B. need for power C. need for control D. need for achievement Consider This: What do Bartleby’s preferences reveal about his motives? 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

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EOM Q14.3.2 Abraham Maslow developed a __________ to describe different types of motives in daily life.

A. hierarchy of needs B. taxonomy of motivations C. dictionary of wants D. compendium of goal states Consider This: Maslow’s model takes on the shape of a pyramid. 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

EOM Q14.3.3 Something that sets you off, in either a positive or a negative way, is called a __________.

A. trigger B. motivation C. need D. supernormal sign stimulus Consider This: What do each of these terms mean? Can you form a mental image of each of them? 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Quiz: Understanding Others EOM Q14.4.1 What is the common foundation upon which to build skills for self-management and for connecting effectively with other people in the workplace?

A. awareness B. desire C. craving D. understanding Consider This: Imagine a pagoda of “people smartness.” What are the pillars of that pagoda, and what is the base? 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

EOM Q14.4.2 Operating much as a detective might, the first step toward successfully “reading” others is to make __________.

A. careful observations of their behaviors B. amends for past wrongdoings and grievances C. friends with their loved ones D. detailed hypotheses about the causes of their behaviors Consider This: What is a primary skill that a detective needs to have? 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Skill: Analyze

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Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

EOM Q14.4.3 Expressions or sayings in a culture are called __________.

A. idioms B. norms C. conventions D. static symbols Consider This: Different cultures, and even different subcultures within a dominant culture, use these devices to communicate with members of that culture or subculture. 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Quiz: Using Your Strengths as You Develop in the Workplace EOM Q14.5.1 Which of the following is one of the steps in the process of building a strength?

A. identifying dominant themes of talent B. feeling good about yourself C. completing a job interest inventory D. asking others to identify strengths they think you have Consider This: There are three steps in the process of building a strength, and this is the first one. 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

EOM Q14.5.2 Workers are concerned with both __________ and __________ in the workplace.

A. engagement; meaningfulness B. pay equity; salary increases C. current goals; past goals D. discipline; rigor Consider This: Think about the elements that would contribute to strength-based development in workers.

14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

EOM Q14.5.3 Two characteristics that are central to positive institutions are __________ and __________.

A. meaning; recognition B. stress; strain C. abundance; disbursement D. future orientation; past orientation

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Consider This: Building positive institutions is an important goal of positive psychology. How might that goal be pursued? 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.5 Explain why identifying your strengths and changing your behavior to incorporate these strengths will have a positive effect on your development.

Quiz: Overcoming Problems in the Workplace EOM Q14.6.1 __________ can result in an “us versus them” mentality.

A. Polarization B. Self-actualization C. Type III thinking D. Cooperation Consider This: “Us” and “them” don’t allow a lot of room for “all.” What process leads to this unfortunate outcome? 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

EOM Q14.6.2 What is the first step in conflict resolution?

A. Identify the problem or conflict.

B. Describe your own needs to your interaction partner.

C. Seriously consider the other party’s point of view.

D. Negotiate a settlement.

Consider This: Think about what step should logically precede the others among these options. 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

EOM Q14.6.3 The uninhibited offering of ideas and suggestions by all members of a group is called __________.

A. brainstorming B. positivity C. parallel processing D. validated discussion Consider This: The goal of this exercise is to generate many possible ideas or courses of action. 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Quiz: Making Work Fun EOM Q14.7.1 Who should be in charge of you in the workplace?

A. you

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B. your boss C. your coworkers D. your mom Consider This: Who is your own worst enemy? Who is the master of your domain? 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

EOM Q14.7.2 An important step toward personal effectiveness is being __________.

A. proactive B. reactive C. retiring D. programmatic Consider This: We often need to take the bull by the horns to get what we want, assuming that what we want is not to be gored. 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

EOM Q14.7.3 Optimism tends to be related to __________.

A. persistence B. failure C. insecurity D. utility Consider This: Recall from earlier chapters that optimism is energizing while pessimism is paralyzing. It is much easier to forge ahead if you expect success. 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.7 Explain how proactivity and personal responsibility influence your effectiveness in the workplace.

Quiz: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation EOM Q14.8.1 Taffi works hard at her job each day because she values the sense of accomplishment that results from a job well done. Taffi seems to be motivated by __________ factors.

A. intrinsic B. extrinsic C. external D. reprisal Consider This: What is the source of Taffi’s motivation? What seems to be “pushing” her in the workplace?

14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

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EOM Q14.8.2 Bitsy works hard at her job each day because the harder she works, the more she gets paid, and she really likes getting paid. Bitsy seems to be motivated by __________ factors.

A. extrinsic B. intrinsic C. internal D. prosaic Consider This: What is the source of Bitsy’s motivation? What seems to be “pushing” her in the workplace?

14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

EOM Q14.8.3 The state in which people find their work exhilarating and they perform at their best has been described as __________.

A. flow B. optimization C. necessitation D. homeostasis Consider This: This term was coined by Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi. 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

Chapter Quiz: Applying Positive Psychology at Work EOC Q14.1 According to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, the ability to connect effectively in working with other people is called __________.

A. interpersonal intelligence B. intrapersonal intelligence C. intrapsychic awareness D. extraordinary perception Consider This: Gardner proposed many types of intelligence. Which one involves working with other people? 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.1 Identify the eight competencies of emotionally intelligent individuals.

EOC Q14.2 Goals are usually divided into __________ and __________ categories.

A. long-term; short-term B. achievable; unrealistic C. self-focused; other-focused D. intrapsychic; extrapsychic Consider This: People often have many simultaneous goals which vary depending on the time frame for achieving each goal. 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

Skill: Remember

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Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.2 Describe specific ways in which understanding yourself will help you better understand others.

EOC Q14.3 Nunzio is always striving to be at the top of whatever he does, to accomplish a lot, and to exhibit high levels of performance. Nunzio is high in __________.

A. need for achievement B. need for power C. need for affiliation D. need for belongingness Consider This: What are Nunzio’s characteristic behaviors, and what do they reveal about his motives?

14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Skill: Apply Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

EOC Q14.4 A person who realizes her or his potential and has peak experiences, is self-reliant, centered in values and ethics, and identifies with all human beings, is someone who is __________.

A. self-actualized B. high in need for affiliation C. high in need for achievement D. high in need for power Consider This: This is a rare state of being that relatively few people can attain. 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

EOC Q14.5 At the base of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are __________ needs.

A. basic biological B. esteem C. belongingness D. safety Consider This: Recall the pyramid of needs that Maslow proposed. What’s at the base of that pyramid?

14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.3 Explain why understanding your own needs helps you to behave in ways that allow you to achieve your goals.

EOC Q14.6 The best way to understand the personalities, needs, goals, and behavioral triggers of others is to be __________.

A. a keen observer of cues B. in a leadership position C. remote and detached from other people

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D. intrusive in their work lives Consider This: Everyone exhibits a wide range of verbal and nonverbal behaviors. If you pay close attention, you can begin to recognize their patterns. 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

EOC Q14.7 Understanding coworkers’ __________ contributes to understanding the dynamics of the group itself.

A. group goals B. private histories C. economic backgrounds D. childhoods Consider This: These entities can exist at the individual level, but they can also exist at the collective level.

14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

Skill: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Objective: 14.4 Identify the different skills needed to effectively work with others.

EOC Q14.8 __________ is the term used to describe physical, mental, and emotional reactions that reflect exhaustion.

A. Burnout B. Extinction C. Degeneration D. Fatigue Consider This: Think of when you are totally spent and have nothing left to give, no energy left, no capacity to focus. 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Skill: Remember Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

EOC Q14.9 Agnetha is told by her boss that the only way she’ll ever get a promotion is if she agrees to have sex with him. This type of sexual harassment is called __________.

A. quid pro quo B. hostile work environment C. in vino veritas D. ipso facto Consider This: Agnetha’s boss is trying to negotiate an exchange based on sexual favors. 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

Skill: Understand Difficulty: Easy Objective: 14.6 Identify strategies for resolving common problems in the workplace.

EOC Q14.10 A passionate commitment to work for its own sake is __________.

A. a calling B. a job C. a career D. an avocation Consider This: Recall the various levels of investment people might have in their workplace and in their livelihoods. 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

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Skill: Remember Difficulty: Moderate Objective: 14.8 Define the concept of flow and its relationship to motivation.

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