Cities and Urban Life, 7th edition Published by John J. Macionis Test Bank

Type:

Test Bank

Resource:

Cities and Urban Life

Edition:

7th Edition

Author(s):

John J. Macionis Vincent N. Parrillo

Chapter 1 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

While only 9% of the world’s population lived in cities in 1900, approximately what percent will be city dwellers in 2050 if present trends continue? a. 33% b. 66% c. 88% d. 99% Correct Answer: B 1.1: Recognize how most people are captivated by cities Topic/Concept: Why Study the City?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2. Although the human species has existed on Earth for at least 200,000 years, cities began to appear how many years ago? a. 50,000 b. 25,000 c. 10,000 d. 5,000 Correct Answer: C 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. What city did Richard Henry Dana allude to in his classic Two Years Before the Mast? a. New York b. Pittsburgh c. Boston d. San Francisco Correct Answer: D 1.3a: Investigate the factors that lead to urban growth and development 1.3b: Evaluate the characteristics of the urban way of life Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

4. Early sociologists were pessimistic about the study of cities because city life was 1B .

considered dangerous. More contemporary studies have shown this to be based on a. economic conditions. b. political unrest. c. false evidence. d. hard science.

Correct Answer: C 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5. When did early sociologists begin to turn their attentions to cities? a. The late 17th century b. The mid-18thcentury c. The late 19th century d. The mid-20th century Correct Answer: C LO#/text:1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept:The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6. Early scholars of urbanization portrayed the city as a. a place of unlimited opportunity. b. a dangerous place where community and family were threatened. c. a place where both opportunity and danger coexisted. d. the main cause of industrialization.

Correct Answer: B 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 7. The area of study in which urbanists try to understand why cities are located in particular places is called a. urban geography. b. urban ecology. c. social psychology. d. social demography.

Correct Answer: A 2B .

1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. The area of study in which urbanists try to understand why people disperse within cities the way they do is called a. b. c. d.

urban geography. urban ecology. social psychology. social demography.

Correct Answer: B 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. The “anatomy” of modern North American cities has been characterized by declining population growth.Which of the following regions best illustrate this phenomenon? a. Sunbelt region b. Midwest c. New England d. Northwest Correct Answer: A 1.5: Enumerate the population percentage change of the 30 largest U.S. Cities Topic/Concept: The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 10. Demographers suggest that the growth of exurban regions far beyond the urbancoreresults from a. the desire of many people to live a simpler life. b. a disdain for suburban life. c. a breakdown of the traditional family unit. d. the exodus of business and industry from central cities.

Correct Answer: D 1.5: Enumerate the population percentage change of the 30 largest U.S. Cities Topic/Concept: The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know

3B .

11. According to Macionis and Parrillo, the most important consequence of decliningpopulation growth in central cities for the people who remain is a. less opportunity to build a sense of community. b. less choice in consumption as a result of industry flight. c. more free space. d. less federal funding and political representation.

Correct Answer: D 1.5: Enumerate the population percentage change of the 30 largest U.S. Cities Topic/Concept: 1.5: The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. Through emerging social structures, urban living is shaped by a. transportation and public utilities. b. wealth and power disparities. c. individual choice and freedom. d. racial and ethnic identities.

Correct Answer: B 1.3b: Evaluate the characteristics of the urban way of life Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 13. Cities are growing the fastest in the developing world. What is one negative consequence of this? a. Urbanization is becoming less effective. b. Poverty and disease from urbanization c. Capitalism’s growth within urbanization d. Urbanization has increased access to health care.

Correct Answer: A 1.6: Explain how the urban situation is desperate in most cities of the developing world Topic/Concept: The City in Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

14. Quality of urban life is indicated, in part, by a. lack of material wealth. b. degree of safety and security. c. presence of cultural capital. d. access to leisure activities.

4B .

Correct Answer: B 1.7: Express the role played by cities in the progress of human civilization Topic/Concept: The Quality of City Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know True/False 15. Cities are inextricably connected to the larger societies of which they are a part, and have been the economic, political, and artistic core of various civilizations.

Correct Answer: T 1.1: Recognize how most people are captivated by cities Topic/Concept: Why Study the City?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. Cities have been the dominant type of human settlement since 2000 B.C.E. Correct Answer: F 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. San Francisco, once known as Yerba Buena (“good herbs”), has always been an easygoing city.

Correct Answer: F 1.3a: Investigate the factors that lead to urban growth and development Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

18. The Industrial Revolution was seen by the first urban sociologists as an important factor influencing the character of urban life, and contributed to their relatively pessimistic evaluation of cities. Today, however, cities are viewed more neutrally.

Correct Answer: T 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

5B .

19. Reactions to cities are highly personal and based in various social psychological perspectives.

Correct Answer: T 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Aristotle suggested people come to the city for security and remain to pursue “the good life.”

Correct Answer: T 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. Invasion and succession is a well-documented ecological process by which whole sections of a city change.

Correct Answer: T 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. While the study of the economics of land use within cities was dominated until the 1960s by an ecological model emphasizing internal competition among residents, many urbanists today embrace the critical urban theory perspective, which highlights the influence of external political forces.

Correct Answer: T 1.2: Examine the four criteria for defining an urban area Topic/Concept: Deciding What Is “Urban” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 23. The economic function of medieval cities is greater than that of contemporary cities.

Correct Answer: T 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 6B .

24. All advocates of the critical urban theory perspective are Marxists.

Correct Answer: F 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 25. The relatively recent decline in urban population growth is primarily a result of an aging population desiring more comfortable living arrangements and business and industry flight from central cities.

Correct Answer: T 1.5: Enumerate the population percentage change of the 30 largest U.S. Cities Topic/Concept: The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Los Angeles is the largest city in the United States.

Correct Answer: T 1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. About 30 cities in the United States have more than 1 million residents.

Correct Answer: F 1.3a: Investigate the factors that lead to urban growth and development Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. An important aspect of a city’s social structure is the racial, ethnic, and gender character of its economic and political disparity.

Correct Answer: T 1.3a: Investigate the factors that lead to urban growth and development Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Because cities concentrate everything human into a relatively small space, they intensify 7B .

the effects of class, ethnicity, gender, and race.

Correct Answer: T 1.3a: Investigate the factors that lead to urban growth and development Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. The world’s cities are growing by approximately 360,000 people each year.

Correct Answer: T 1.2: Examine the four criteria for defining an urban area Topic/Concept: Deciding What Is “Urban” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. While Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East are experiencing higher levels of urbanization, North America, Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Asia are experiencing much lower rates.

Correct Answer: F 1.3a: Investigate the factors that lead to urban growth and development Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

32. Although people come to the city hoping to find “the good life,” many do not find it.

Correct Answer: T 1.7: Express the role played by cities in the progress of human civilization Topic/Concept: The Quality of City Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Strong, community-oriented neighborhoods have weakened in recent decades, and some areas have disappeared altogether.

Correct Answer: T 1.7: Express the role played by cities in the progress of human civilization Topic/Concept: The Quality of City Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. A focus on the potential material benefits of city life alone is justified given that the 8B .

majority of people residing in cities experience safety, security, and community.

Correct Answer: F 1.7: Express the role played by cities in the progress of human civilization Topic/Concept: The Quality of City Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 35. Explain why historical and comparative analyses are necessary for understanding cities and contemporary existence.

1.1: Recognize how most people are captivated by cities Topic/Concept: Why Study the City?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 36. According to anthropological and historical accounts, it took approximately 10,000 years for the dominant type of human settlement to change from nomadic to village to urban.

Since the mid-18th century, however, urbanization has increased much more rapidly.

What explanations are currently offered for this phenomenon?

1.2: Examine the four criteria for defining an urban area Topic/Concept: Deciding What Is “Urban” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 37. What are the four main analytical fields within contemporary urban sociology, and what does each contribute to our understanding of urban life?

1.2: Examine the four criteria for defining an urban area Topic/Concept: Deciding What Is “Urban” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. What role, if any, does emergent United States capitalism play in the shaping of the study of urban sociology?

1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. Explain the primary analytical difference between the older urban ecology and the newer 9B .

urban political economy model.

1.4: Describe the ecological process of invasion–succession as seen in emerging cities Topic/Concept: The Complexity of the City: Various Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 40. Why do the authors of the text suggest we must not simply analyze statistics, but must also “go and make our visit” to the city if we are to fully comprehend urban life? Do you agree or disagree with their argument?

1.1: Recognize how most people are captivated by cities Topic/Concept: Why Study the City?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 41. Explain the two main reasons given by demographers for the recent slowing of central city urban growth and the quickening of exurban growth.

1.5: Enumerate the population percentage change of the 30 largest U.S. Cities Topic/Concept: The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 42. What is meant by social structure, and why is it an important analytical consideration for some urbanists?

1.3b: Evaluate the characteristics of the urban way of life Topic/Concept: The Urban Transformation Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

10B .

Chapter 2 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

The oldest city known to archeologists emerged in human history a. 50,000 years ago. b. 10,000 years ago. c. in 3500 B.C.E. d. in 350 B.C.E. Correct Answer: B 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

In 2010, the percentage of the world’s population living in cities was a. 19%. b. 33%. c. 47%. d. 52%.

Correct Answer: D 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

According to archeologists, populations began to settle in fertile places a. because of increased population density. b. because of slavery. c. during the 5th century B.C.E. d. in Europe first.

Correct Answer: A 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

4.

The early settlements were characterized by a. a relatively complex division of labor. b. a relatively egalitarian division of tasks. c. a population of hunters and gatherers. d. a lack of political structure.

12B .

Correct Answer: A 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5.

The oldest city, which showed imposing fortifications including a surrounding wall and tower, was a. Rome. b. Jericho. c. Athens. d. Budapest.

Correct Answer: B 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

Cities that controlled the neighboring regions and villages are called a. city-states. b. Meso-states. c. middle-states. d. political-states.

Correct Answer: A 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7.

The study of early urban settlements reveals a. continuous development over the millennia. b. a continuity in developmental patterns. c. that cities do not grow in population over time. d. that cities will grow without financial security.

Correct Answer: A 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

13B .

8.

Mesopotamia was characterized by a. theocratic political regimes. b. political stability. c. a diversity of cultures. d. matriarchal rule.

Correct Answer: A 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

9.

The archeological record of Egyptian cities is less detailed due to a. earthquakes. b. building materials. c. wars. d. fires.

Correct Answer: B 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

10. Egyptian cities were symbols of a. simplicity. b. democracy. c. the pharaohs’ power. d. military wealth.

Correct Answer: C 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. A gridiron street layout with a well-established city sanitation system are characteristics of a. Mesopotamia. b. Jericho. c. Liangzhu. d. Moenjo-Daro.

Correct Answer: D 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires

14B .

Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. The pattern of Chinese cities a. is very similar to that of Egyptian cities. b. is more diffused than in other areas. c. reveals the concentration of priests, rulers, craftpeople and traders within the city walls. d. All of the above.

Correct Answer: B 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 13. In Mesoamerica, a. cities were farming centers. b. only few people resided permanently in the cities at the beginning. c. cities were political rather than religious centers. d. cities never supported populations larger than 20,000.

Correct Answer: B 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 14. This country’s cities were characterized by the number of commercial ties across Southern Europe, a level of egalitarianism, and destructive war. a. Italy b. China c. America d. Greece Correct Answer: D 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. The Roman civilization was a. based on Christianity. b. based on the expression of militaristic power.

15B .

c. d.

based on principles of moderation. based on the democratic principle of human participation.

Correct Answer: B 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, cities in Europe a. experienced new, rapid growth. b. became smaller or disappeared. c. grew steadily. d. began to trade more regularly.

Correct Answer: B 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. The revival of cities during the 11th century is explained by a. the Crusades. b. the emergence of a ruling government. c. the decrease in trade and specialization. d. the growth of military.

Correct Answer: A 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Renaissance humanists saw cities as a. ideal places for human development. b. dangerous and unhealthy. c. necessary but problematic. d. centers of religious life.

Correct Answer: A 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

16B .

19. Medieval cities, circa 1350, include all but which one of the following? a. Gridiron streets b. Defensive walls c. The fortress of the local lord d. A market plaza Correct Answer: A 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. The Black Plague a. began in 1253. b. killed at least one-fourth of the European population. c. had a more devastating effect in rural areas. d. lasted less than a year.

Correct Answer: B 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. A demographic transition refers to a. the fact that women began to have more children. b. the fact that families became smaller. c. the fact that birth rates remained high while death rates decreased dramatically. d. a rapid decline in birth rates combined with urban migration.

Correct Answer: C 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. London emerged as a. a Greek city-state. b. a Roman outpost. c. the political center of Great Britain. d. a shipbuilding center.

Correct Answer: B 2.3: Review the genesis of the modern city where commerce replaced agriculture as the primary mode of making a living

17B .

Topic/Concept: The Rise of Modern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. London became a world city during the 16th century because of all but which of the following? a. The discovery of the Americas b. Its efficient sailing fleet c. Its wool production d. Its infrastructure Correct Answer: D 2.3: Review the genesis of the modern city where commerce replaced agriculture as the primary mode of making a living Topic/Concept: The Rise of Modern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 24. Cities have always been a part of human history.

Correct Answer: F 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. The emergence of the first cities occurred some 10,000 years ago.

Correct Answer: T 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. The first permanent settlements promoted specialization of tasks.

Correct Answer: T 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

18B .

27. The beginning of city life took hold around 7,000 B.C.E. Correct Answer: F 2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. The first city-states emerged in Mesopotamia.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. In Catal Hüyük, house entrances were on the roof to protect the household from floods and wild animals.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. In Mesopotamia, all early cities were ruled by a military ruler.

Correct Answer: F 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. The Egyptians encircled their cities with high protective walls.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Egyptian cities are characterized by social inequality.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires

19B .

Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Tensions between pharaohs divided Egypt into many independent areas.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. Cities in the Indus region did not have a single leader in comparison to other Egyptian cities.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Moenjo-Daro was built in a gridiron pattern.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. Central American cities emerged as ceremonial centers.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. Both Roman and Greek cities magnified military power at the expense of their other citizens.

Correct Answer: F 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

20B .

38. At its height, the Roman Empire included almost half of the world’s population.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 39. During the Middle Ages, many people gathered to cities to seek protection from barbarians.

Correct Answer: F 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 40. The Church was a central component of social life during medieval times.

Correct Answer: T 2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 41. The Renaissance movement first emerged in Italian city-states such as Florence, Venice, Palermo, and Milan.

Correct Answer: T 2.3: Review the genesis of the modern city where commerce replaced agriculture as the primary mode of making a living Topic/Concept: The Rise of Modern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 42. In the pre-industrial era, life expectancy was typically under 40 years.

Correct Answer: T 2.3: Review the genesis of the modern city where commerce replaced agriculture as the primary mode of making a living Topic/Concept: The Rise of Modern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

21B .

43. The spread of activities to British colonies decreased the economic importance of London.

Correct Answer: F 2.3: Review the genesis of the modern city where commerce replaced agriculture as the primary mode of making a living Topic/Concept: The Rise of Modern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 44. What are some combining factors that facilitate the growth of cities over time? Think about the physical, social, economic, political, and other possible factors.

2.1: Examine the cosmic calendar to better understand the urban evolution Topic/Concept: Urban Origins Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 45. Consider life in contemporary society. How is modern city life different that historical life? How are they the same?

2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 46. Using an early city from the text as an example, discuss the validity of conceptualizing history as “progress.”

2.2: Recall some of the early city-states and the urban empires Topic/Concept: City-States and Urban Empires Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

22B .

Chapter 3 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1. The cities of North America have an urban history that spans __________ centuries. a. 21 b. 11 c. 5 d. 4 Correct Answer: c 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. The first European settlements in North America were founded in the early __________ century. a. 17th b. 18th c. 19th d. 20th Correct Answer: a 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. The early cities in the United States were characterized by having a small size as well as a. modern amenities. b. a Roman appearance. c. a lack of regular street patterns. d. infrastructure issues.

Correct Answer: c 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

23B .

4. By the late 1760s, the 13 American colonies had at least __________ major cities. a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12 Correct Answer: d 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5. The American Revolution a. was mostly a rural revolution. b. was a city-instigated war. c. ended slavery in the United States. d. had no clear economic implications.

Correct Answer: b 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 6. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, a. urban settlements were demolished throughout the West. b. urban settlements were concentrated on the East Coast. c. there were few connections from the new territories to the Atlantic. d. there were few new Atlantic cities with ties to the West.

Correct Answer: b 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 7. The growth of Baltimore was promoted by the: a. Erie Canal. b. International Road. c. large shipbuilding industry. d. growing farming community.

Correct Answer: d 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities

24B .

Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 8. The urban growth of the early 19th century was primarily due to a. massive migration from the South. b. the expansion of trade networks. c. political intervention. d. public investment.

Correct Answer: b 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 9. The original United States settlers a. came to the United States to reproduce European cities. b. saw cities as corrupting the good life. c. had great faith in the potential of cities for creating a better life. d. prefer the urban to the rural lifestyle.

Correct Answer: b 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 10. The North’s victory in the Civil War announced a. a return to a more rural lifestyle. b. the dominance of Jefferson’s ideas about cities. c. an explosion of urban industrial growth. d. the dominance of early settlers.

Correct Answer: b 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 11. The technological advances that promoted the growth of the “great metropolis” include all EXCEPT which of the following? a. the use of iron and steel in construction b. the elevator

25B .

c. electric street trolleys d. the telephone Correct Answer: d 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 12. Between 1870 and 1920, cities grew a. mostly upwards. b. mostly outwards. c. both upwards and outwards. d. at a slower rate than during the previous 50 years.

Correct Answer: c 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 13. Which demographic trends contributed to the increase in urban population? a. depopulation of rural area b. lower fertility rates in cities c. immigration from abroad d. migration from states Correct Answer: c 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 14. Between 1870 and 1920, the number of immigrants who arrived in the United States totaled a. 5 million. b. 15 million. c. 20 million. d. 30 million.

26B .

Correct Answer: c 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 15. Politically speaking, the era of the “great metropolis” corresponds to a. increasing pressures on city officials to represent people’s interests. b. a curbing of corruption. c. a large increase in federal funding allocated to cities. d. a period of great tolerance towards immigrants.

Correct Answer: a 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 16. By the end of the 1920s, which U.S. urban areas had the largest concentrated Black populations in the world? a. Chicago’s South Side b. Philadelphia’s Central District c. New York’s Queens d. Detroit’s Motown Borough Correct Answer: a 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 17. The industrialization of the city during the late 1800s a. benefited the great majority of the population. b. improved infrastructure. c. increased the profits of property owners. d. improved health conditions.

Correct Answer: c 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950

27B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 18. During the early 1900s, the word tenement had come to symbolize a. an airless, congested slum dwelling. b. an exurbanized, underdeveloped area. c. a form of suburban development. d. empty houses in rural communities.

Correct Answer: a 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 19. The period since 1950 has been characterized by a. an lowered number of people converging to the central city. b. people moving to areas surrounding the city itself. c. a decentralization of production. d. an adjustment toward internationalization.

Correct Answer: c 3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 20. A “megalopolis” a. is a concept created by the Census Bureau. b. is a city and its surrounding areas. c. is a continuous urban region created by the sprawling of many independent cities. d. is reflected in the concept of SMSA (Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area).

Correct Answer: c 3.5: Evaluate the development of the megalopolis Topic/Concept: The Evolution of Megaregions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 21. The BosWash megalopolis remains a prominent urban region in the United States because a. it holds 20% of the nation’s wealth. b. it has low energy costs.

28B .

c. it is home to twenty percent of Americans. d. it has a low population growth.

Correct Answer: a 3.5: Evaluate the development of the megalopolis Topic/Concept: The Evolution of Megaregions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 22. Problems in the Sunbelt cities include a. low energy costs. b. costly infrastructure systems. c. water systems failing. d. high crime rates.

Correct Answer: d 3.5: Evaluate the development of the megalopolis Topic/Concept: The Evolution of Megaregions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 23. Edward Banfield argues that a. cities are doomed to disappear. b. cities have too many economic advantages to experience declines for long periods. c. government intervention is necessary to promote urban revitalization. d. people and businesses will continue to move out of central cities.

Correct Answer: b 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 24. The current revitalization of cities is due primarily to the desire of young professionals to live in an urban setting. Another factor is a. a reduction in office buildings. b. the stability of cities. c. growing white-collar businesses. d. growing environmental awareness.

Correct Answer: c 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s

29B .

Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 25. The postindustrial era is characterized by a. equally distributed urban growth. b. dual labor markets in cities. c. an increase in the jobs available for poor central city residents. d. lower rents in gentrified neighborhoods.

Correct Answer: b 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 26. By 1800, the population of New York a. was about 60,000. b. almost reached 200,000. c. was still below 25,000. d. had grown to 100,000.

Correct Answer: a 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 27. New York’s famous skyscrapers, the Chrysler and Empire State Buildings, and Rockefeller Center opened a. at the turn of the century. b. in the mid-1800s. c. around 1930. d. just before World War I. Correct Answer: c 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts

30B .

28. In 2013, tourism in New York City soared to a record-breaking __________ million visitors. a. 17.6 b. 20.3 c. 37.5 d. 54.3 Correct Answer: d 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 29. Business Improvement Districts a. have had very limited success in improving life conditions in New York. b. are government institutions formed by federal committees. c. provide services typically provided by city governments. d. are set up to make city life more difficult.

Correct Answer: c 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts True/False 30. Until the 18th century, no city in North America had more than 10,000 inhabitants.

Correct Answer: T 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. From its inception, the city of Boston was built with hard-surfaced streets.

Correct Answer: F 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800

31B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Colonial cities were planned as export centers for raw material going to Europe.

Correct Answer: T 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. The American Revolution unfolded in cities.

Correct Answer: T 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. Philadelphia was the first capital of the United States.

Correct Answer: F 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. By the end of the Revolutionary War, the U.S. territory extended roughly to the Mississippi River.

Correct Answer: T 3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. Urban growth in the early 19th century was promoted by the search for economic gain.

Correct Answer: T 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities

32B .

Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 37. Jefferson viewed great cities as destructive of morals and health.

Correct Answer: T 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 38. In the decades following the Civil War, migration to cities was slightly reduced.

Correct Answer: F 3.2: Analyze the growth trajectories of some of the major North American cities Topic/Concept: Growth and Expansion: 1800-1870 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 39. By 1920, the United States had become a predominantly urban nation.

Correct Answer: T 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 40. Migration to U.S. cities from abroad was larger than migration from U.S. rural areas.

Correct Answer: F 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 41. During the late 19th and early 20th century, many U.S. cities grew through annexation.

Correct Answer: T 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950

33B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 42. By 1910, more than one-third of the inhabitants of the eight largest U.S. cities were immigrants.

Correct Answer: T 3.3: Recount the two historical events that led to the urbanization of the North American cities Topic/Concept: The Era of the Great Metropolis: 1870-1950 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 43. Between 1920 and 1929, more than 600,000 African Americans migrated from the South to the North.

Correct Answer: F 3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 44. Building techniques using steel played an important role in promoting the decentralization of the urban area.

Correct Answer: F 3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know

45. As industries and the white middle class moved out of the central city, the latter lost a large share of its tax base.

Correct Answer: T 3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 46. The elected Council of Metropolitan Toronto is a form of governance similar to that of the County governments in the United States.

34B .

Correct Answer: F 3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 47. As of 2014, the Census Bureau recognized 381 MSAs within the United States.

Correct Answer: T 3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 48. One in five Americans lives in the “BosWash megalopolis.”

Correct Answer: T 3.5: Evaluate the development of the megalopolis Topic/Concept: The Evolution of Megaregions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 49. High-tech industries prefer central city locations.

Correct Answer: T 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 50. New York doubled its population between 1870 and 1930.

Correct Answer: F 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 51. About half of the labor force in New York City works in postindustrial jobs.

35B .

Correct Answer: F 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 52. Today, the South Bronx in New York City fits the image portrayed in the film, Fort Apache, the Bronx.

Correct Answer: F 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 53. In 2012, one in five New York City residents were poor.

Correct Answer: T 3.6: Review the seemingly irreversible path to self-destruction of most North American cities in the 1960s Topic/Concept: The Postindustrial City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts

Essay/Discussion 54. Compare and contrast American cities during the four periods defined in your textbook.

3.1: Evaluate housing patterns, commercial activity, and revolutionary ideas that originated in colonial cities Topic/Concept: The Colonial Era: 1600-1800 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 55. How do economic forces shape the transformation of cities throughout United States history?

3.4: Recognize the three main trends that characterize today's North American cities

36B .

Topic/Concept: Today’s North American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 56. What are the causes and consequences of suburbanization and Sunbelt migration for Northeastern cities? How does it affect the effectiveness of urban policies?

3.5: Evaluate the development of the megalopolis Topic/Concept: The Evolution of Megaregions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know

37B .

Chapter 4 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

What term is used to describe spread-out or low-density development beyond the edge of services and employment? a.

Edge cities b.

Sprawl c.

Common-interest developments d.

Gated communities Correct Answer: b

2.

Sprawl is most obvious and grows most spectacularly in the rapid growth areas of the a.

North and South. b.

East and West. c.

South and West. d.

North and East.

Correct Answer: c

3.

Those seeking to curb urban sprawl base their concerns around the environment, financial issues, and a. easy relocation. b. educational opportunities. c. land value. d. transportation issues.

Correct Answer: d

4.

How does sprawl harm cities? a.

It damages the increase in a city’s economic base. b.

It destroys the wealthy’s opportunity for commerce. c.

It concentrates poverty in suburban centers. d.

It removes the potential for community engagement.

Correct Answer: a

5.

Oregon and Washington require all communities to make official designations in order to separate urban areas from the surrounding greenbelt of open lands, including farms, watersheds, and parks. These designations are called a. urban growth boundaries. b. revitalized zones. c. transit-oriented zones. d. edge cities.

Correct Answer: a

38B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.

Some transit-oriented approaches for relieving traffic congestion focus on building more highway lanes using a. land purchases. b. “smart corridors.” c. growth boundaries. d. revitalization.

Correct Answer: b

7.

Which of the following is represents one of the proposed solutions to urban sprawl, as discussed in the text? a.

Land purchases b.

Restoring architecture c.

Gentrification d.

Housing boundaries Correct Answer: a

8.

A.C. Spectorsky was the first to use the term __________ in describing the appearance of new residential areas developing on the metropolitan fringe. a. exurb b. suburb c. the burbs d. small towns Correct Answer: a

9.

The text points out that edge cities consist of boomers, greenfields, and a. uptowns. b. exurbs. c. suburbs. d. farmland.

Correct Answer: a

10.

The text discusses the new city as the problem as well as the solution to the problem. Which of the following is also a characteristic of a new city? a.

New city as motivator b.

New city as financial growth c.

New city as deterrent d.

New city as mediator Correct Answer: a

39B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11.

In the United States, __________ can be traced to the late 1800s, when upper-income gated developments in New York’s Tuxedo Park and private streets in St. Louis sprang up, as wealthy citizens sought to “insulate themselves from the troublesome aspects of rapidly industrializing cities.” a. common-interest developments b. gated communities c. edge cities d. urban growth boundaries Correct Answer: b

12.

About __________ million American households live in developments that are surrounded by fences or walls. a.

6 b.

10 c.

16 d.

20 Correct Answer: b

13.

The text points out that gated communities fulfill security needs. They also represent a. a lifestyle. b. a disrepute. c. urban growth. d. urban decay.

Correct Answer: a

14.

Gated communities are often called a. exurbs. b. common-interest developments. c. privatopias. d. small towns.

Correct Answer: b

True/False 15.

Sprawl identifies the cumulative effects of development that is automobile-dependent, inefficient, and wasteful of natural resources. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

40B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16.

A house in the suburbs has become, for many, the personification of the ideal lifestyle. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

17.

Urban sprawl occurs only because of population growth. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

18.

In most American cities, everyone can get around by car. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

19.

In North America, urban sprawl threatens only the farmland in the Midwest. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

20.

Today, four to five times more land is used per person compared to 40 years ago. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

21.

Of all the areas in the United States, traffic congestion is most acute in New York City. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

22.

Sprawl is a suburban phenomenon and has no urban counterpart. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

23.

The term “exurb” is inconsistent with the phenomenon of urban sprawl. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

41B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

24.

Edge cities are appearing in Canada as well as in the United States, but for different reasons. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

25.

The majority of metropolitan North Americans and Canadians now work, shop, and live in and around the 200-plus civilizations, causing profound changes in the ways we live, work, and play. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

26.

The rise of new cities is essentially a function of race, not social class. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

27.

All new cities are alike, and their evolution occurs for the same reasons everywhere. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

28.

Gated communities began to increase rapidly in the 1950s. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

29.

Lifestyle communities are an expression of conspicuous consumption and a new leisure class. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

30.

The primary residents of prestige communities are middle class. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

31.

Security-zone communities are “enclaves of fear” primarily concerned with protection. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

42B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

32.

Gated communities are often called common-interest developments. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

33.

Planners, sprawl opponents, and urban sociologists often cite Portland, Oregon, as a prime example of failure in terms of urban growth and development. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: b

34.

Portland, Oregon, stands today as a model city. a.

True b.

False Correct Answer: a

Essay/Discussion 35.

Compare and contrast the patterns of sprawl, edge cities, gated communities, and common-interest developments.

36.

Define sprawl, and discuss its implications in today’s American and Canadian cities.

37.

Discuss the primary concerns surrounding the control of what constitutes urban sprawl: environmental damage, loss of farmland and historic centers, financial costs, and transportation issues.

38.

Describe the major solutions discussed in the text for urban sprawl.

39.

What are exurbs? Give two examples.

40.

What are edge cities? Give two examples.

41.

What are the three major categories of edge cities? Give an example of each.

42.

What are the three edge city variations discussed in the text?

43B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

43.

What are the three categories of gated communities?

44.

Gated communities are often called common-interest developments (CIDs). The text points out that there is a close relationship between the two phenomena, but they are not the same thing. Explain this statement.

44B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

45B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

46B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

47B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

48B Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 5 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

Urban sociology emerged in the context of a. the Industrial Revolution in Europe. b. the U.S. Revolutionary War. c. World War II. d. the Civil War Correct Answer: A 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

Sociology emerged with the work of a. Auguste Comte. b. Karl Marx. c. Ferdinand Tönnies. d. Max Weber.

Correct Answer: A 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

According to Marx, social institutions are determined by a. the political structure. b. religion. c. the economic system. d. tradition.

Correct Answer: C 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

4.

The “Asiatic modes of production” refer to a. the factory system in China.

49B .

b. c. d.

a concept developed by Weber. an economic structure characterized by limited division of labor, common property, and lack of individualism. an urban setting characterized by high specialization of labor and impersonal relationships.

Correct Answer: C 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5.

The concept of gemeinschaft means a. association. b. community. c. organism. d. neighborhood.

Correct Answer: B 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

Which of the following is a characteristic of gesellschaft? a. Irrational behavior b. Focus on community c. Kinship and loyalty d. Decline of family Correct Answer: D 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

7.

Durkheim saw “organic solidarity” as a. the equivalent to Tönnies’s gemeinschaft. b. a social order based on common belief, customs and rituals. c. an automatic form of dependence. d. a social order based on a complex division of labor.

50B .

Correct Answer: D 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 8.

Georg Simmel focused on a. the structure of cities. b. the economic function of cities. c. the social mobility of individuals in cities. d. the social psychology of city life.

Correct Answer: D 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9.

According to Simmel, individual behavior in the city is dominated by a. passion. b. rationality. c. compassion. d. detachment.

Correct Answer: D 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

10. What does the murder of Ms. Genovese illustrate? a. The concept of compassion b. The concept of gemeinschaft dominant in modern cities c. The mechanical aspect of solidarity emphasized by Durkheim d. The cultivated indifference observed by Simmel Correct Answer: D 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

11. The comparative approach to urban sociology was promoted by

51B .

a. b. c. d.

Durkheim.

Tönnies.

Weber.

Simmel.

Correct Answer: C 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. According to Weber, the ideal city is characterized by a. a dominance of trade and commercial relations. b. large amounts of political visibility. c. no related forms of association. d. the availability of structural institutions.

Correct Answer: D 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Authors in the classical European tradition all saw the city as a. eradicating human choice. b. a complex division of labor. c. limiting the quality of life. d. a potential for economic growth.

Correct Answer: B 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Park’s image of the city includes all but which of the following? a. A homogeneous population b. Formal social structures c. A more rational life d. A commercial structure Correct Answer: A 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921

52B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. Compared to the classical European tradition, Parks’ urban sociology a. is more abstract. b. is more empirical. c. is less relevant to contemporary urban problems. d. is more theoretical.

Correct Answer: B 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. According to Wirth, the large population size of cities creates a. greater cultural homogeneity. b. a need for formal control structures. c. a problem for economic growth. d. the conditions for democracy.

Correct Answer: B 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

17. Which of the following is one of the types of urban lifestyles identified by Herbert Gans? a. The cosmopolites b. The unmarried c. The urbanites d. The sophisticates Correct Answer: A 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

53B .

18. Wirth’s mistake was in a. generalizing too much from the urban conditions of the time in which he lived. b. underestimating the popularity of the suburbs. c. failing to identify the exurbs. d. not understanding the complexities of urban life.

Correct Answer: A 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Which of the following is central to Claude Fischer’s subcultural theory? a. critical mass b. cultural isolation c. cultural infusion d. nonurban living Correct Answer: A 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Modern researchers have shown that a. tolerance is more pervasive in rural areas. b. people with lower levels of income are more tolerant. c. urban tolerance is a product of migration. d. modern technologies, such as television, have lowered tolerance in cities.

Correct Answer: C 5.3: Evaluate theories on social pathology as applicable in cities Topic/Concept: Classic Theories and Modern Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. One characteristic of urban “neighboring” is that it a. varies markedly. b. is always active. c. is always impersonal. d. usually involves only working-class people.

54B .

Correct Answer: A 5.3: Evaluate theories on social pathology as applicable in cities Topic/Concept: Classic Theories and Modern Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. The positive relationship between density and pathological behavior a. has been proven by genetic analysis. b. is rejected by J.B. Calhoun. c. is primarily biological. d. appears to be linked to poverty and racial discrimination.

Correct Answer: D 5.3: Evaluate theories on social pathology as applicable in cities Topic/Concept: Classic Theories and Modern Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. According to recent evidence, the city a. is less tolerant than other types of settlements. b. is as impersonal as many thought it was. c. does not promote a greater malaise than rural areas do. d. does not accept settlers without political process.

Correct Answer: C 5.3: Evaluate theories on social pathology as applicable in cities Topic/Concept: Classic Theories and Modern Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 24. For Marx, cities announced a transition to “barbarism.”

Correct Answer: F 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Marx and Engels believed that the flaws of capitalism cause poverty and unemployment.

55B .

Correct Answer: T 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Gemeinschaft characterized the large city.

Correct Answer: F 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Tönnies understood cities as part of a continuum.

Correct Answer: T 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. Organic solidarity refers to a social order based on individual differences.

Correct Answer: T 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Durkheim’s view of the city is pessimistic.

Correct Answer: F 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. According to Simmel, money is very important in urban life.

Correct Answer: T 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921

56B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. Simmel explained the spread of graffiti in cities by economic inequality.

Correct Answer: F 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Weber compared cities in different parts of the world.

Correct Answer: T 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Weber saw the modern city as closer to his ideal city type than the medieval city was.

Correct Answer: F 5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. Park saw urban life as disorder and chaos.

Correct Answer: F 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Park argued that urban research should be based on a disciplined observation.

Correct Answer: T 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

57B .

36. Wirth attempted to define universal social characteristics of the city.

Correct Answer: T 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. Wirth’s idea of “social segmentalization” refers to discrimination in the housing market.

Correct Answer: F 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

38. An emphasis on historical perspective is one of Wirth’s major contributions to urban sociology.

Correct Answer: F 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 39. Urbanization necessarily generates urbanism.

Correct Answer: F 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 40. White’s study of ethnic neighborhoods supports Wirth’s argument about urban anonymity.

Correct Answer: F 5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth

58B .

century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 41. Cities create greater psychological distress.

Correct Answer: F 5.3: Evaluate theories on social pathology as applicable in cities Topic/Concept: Classic Theories and Modern Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 42. Most classical theories were pessimistic about the urban life. Discuss what evidence of this is found in the text. What are the negative and positive aspects of urban life?

5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 43. Compare and contrast Tönnies’s and Durkheim’s theories of urban life. What are the differences and similarities?

5.1: Recognize the role played by thinkers in promoting ideas of sociology in Europe Topic/Concept: The European Tradition: 1846-1921 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 44. Do you think urban life is as negative as the classic authors thought it was? Explain the positive and negative aspects of urban life.

5.2: Investigate the growth of the elements of U.S. urban sociology in late nineteenth century Chicago Topic/Concept: Urban Sociology in North America: 1915-1970 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

59B .

Chapter 6 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

Geographic settings a. are the most important determinant of city size. b. matter mostly for industrial cities. c. interact with social factors to shape the city. d. are more important in San Francisco than in Los Angeles.

Correct Answer: C 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

The use of private automobiles in Los Angeles a. removed the present shape of the city. b. contributed to the smog problem. c. restrained the city from expanding. d. began a trend for city travel.

Correct Answer: B 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

A look at the most populous North American metropolises suggests that a. cities tend to locate themselves toward the center of each state. b. the railroads determined their location. c. the majority are located on waterways. d. defense was a crucial factor in determining their location.

Correct Answer: C 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

4.

The growth of the city of Houston in Texas a. was promoted by its location on the Gulf of Mexico. b. was caused by increased levels of tourism.

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c. d.

was based on the service industry rather than manufacturing. was prompted by a lack of opportunity in other cities.

Correct Answer: C 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5.

For a setting to become a city, it must a. have a minimally hospitable environment. b. have a political structure. c. be self-sufficient. d. have local access to either gas or oil.

Correct Answer: A 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

The chief reason for the settlement, growth, and destruction of New Orleans has been a. farming. b. water. c. industry. d. technology.

Correct Answer: B 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7.

Twenty-first-century Seattle, Washington, is described in the text as a(n) “__________” city. a. exurban b. suburban c. environmental d. break-of-bulk Correct Answer: D 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy

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Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8.

The importance of defense a. is a crucial factor in the shape of North American cities today. b. promoted the development of gridiron cities. c. explains the radiocentric shape of many cities. d. was limited in medieval times.

Correct Answer: C 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9.

Gridiron cities a. no longer exist. b. represent exceptions in the United States. c. were typically built after the Industrial Revolution. d. are influenced by political rather than economic factors.

Correct Answer: C 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

10. The development of gridiron cities is due mostly to a. religious factors. b. military factors. c. ethnic factors. d. economic factors.

Correct Answer: D 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 11. Urban ecology a. was generated by Max Weber. b. studies the urban environment.

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c. d.

draws from plant and animal ecology. is the focus of central place theory.

Correct Answer: C 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. According to Park, the shape of a city is a. determined by competition and the population movement. b. determined only by competition for limited resources. c. mostly a function of socioeconomic variables. d. constant through time.

Correct Answer: A 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. The invasion-succession movement refers to a. the long history of wars of most cities. b. the low level of education of recent immigrants. c. the movement of social groups to different neighborhoods of the city. d. the limited mobility for certain groups who wanted to move.

Correct Answer: C 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

14. The concentric zone hypothesis suggests that a. cities grow outward in a series of concentric rings over time. b. cities form a circle made of several pie-shaped sectors. c. wealth decreases as one moves away from the city’s center. d. competition is denser in the central business district.

Correct Answer: A 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy

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Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. What Burgess calls the zone in transition a. is composed mostly of single-unit housing. b. includes a large number of upscale districts. c. consists primarily of light manufacturing factories and ethnic neighborhoods. d. is located within a 30- to 60-minute ride of the central business district.

Correct Answer: C 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 16. Criticism of the Chicago School of Urban Ecology includes all but which of the following? a. It lacks a theoretical foundation. b. It cannot be applied to every city. c. It pays little attention to the role of individual choices. d. The importance of the population movement varies in different places and by periods.

Correct Answer: A 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 17. The sector theory a. focuses mostly on industrial land use. b. states that cities contain pie-shaped districts rather than rings. c. represents fashionable areas that tend to move inward toward the center of the city. d. describes rich and poor areas that tend to blend with time.

Correct Answer: B 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. The multiple nuclei theory a. gives strong support to the Chicago School of Urban Ecology. b. suggests that, with time, manufacturing industries tend to concentrate in a specific

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c. d.

area. argues that as cities grow, they diversify and develop distinct sectors of activities. help to predict the specific land use pattern of cities.

Correct Answer: C 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. One of the main attractions of the city center is that it provides opportunity for stable economic structures. This is best characterized by a. central place theory. b. building block theory. c. radiocentric theory. d. concentric theory.

Correct Answer: A 6.4: Review how economics is central to the patterns of land usage in cities Topic/Concept: The Economics of Land Use Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 20. Along the New York State Thruway, spaced at least 75 miles apart, is Buffalo–Niagara Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica–Rome, and Albany–Schenectady–Troy. Smaller cities space themselves out so as to not cut into each other’s markets. This is the result of a. distance intervals. b. space planning. c. land development. d. urban sectors.

Correct Answer: A 6.4: Review how economics is central to the patterns of land usage in cities Topic/Concept: The Economics of Land Use Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. A “social area” is a. inhabited by people who share a predictable combination of characteristics. b. the city district in which restaurants and entertainment facilities can be found. c. highly representative of the overall population and land use. d. unable to predict where groups will settle, or explain why groups settled Correct Answer: D

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6.5: Examine some useful research tools for urban land use analysis Topic/Concept: Social Area Analysis and Mapping Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. Social area analysis focuses on the _____________ of residents. a. social ranking b. family type c. economic history d. financial background Correct Answer: B 6.5: Examine some useful research tools for urban land use analysis Topic/Concept: Social Area Analysis and Mapping Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. Which of the following responses about GIS Mapping is accurate? a. GIS mapping is a computer-based research tool. b. GIS mapping will not provide information about the earth. c. GIS mapping needs to be user-preloaded with maps. d. GIS mapping doesn’t need satellite assistance.

Correct Answer: A 6.5: Examine some useful research tools for urban land use analysis Topic/Concept: Social Area Analysis and Mapping Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Rayner Banham has provided a vivid depiction of the Los Angeles area, identifying four basic “ecologies” including autopia, surfurbia, and the plains of a. Ego. b. Id. c. Super Ego. d. Super Id. Correct Answer: B 6.6: Review the four basic ecologies that were different from the ones popularized by the Chicago school Topic/Concept: The Los Angeles School: Postmodernism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Edward W. Soja’s postmodern perspective of Los Angeles includes all but the

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following? a. Los Angeles as a decentralized metropolis b. Los Angeles as a fragmented power structure c. Los Angeles as a site of great conformity d. Los Angeles as a fragmented mismatch of wedges and citadels Correct Answer: C 6.6: Review the four basic ecologies that were different from the ones popularized by the Chicago school Topic/Concept: The Los Angeles School: Postmodernism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 26. In creating cities, human beings simply respond to the natural environment.

Correct Answer: F 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Cities must be located on waterways to develop.

Correct Answer: F 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. Houston is an example of a break-of-bulk city.

Correct Answer: T 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Miami’s climate contributed to its development as an “amenity city.”

Correct Answer: T 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography

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Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. Washington, D.C., did not emerge as an economic center.

Correct Answer: T 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. Athens, London, and Quebec City all had a strategic military location historically.

Correct Answer: T 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

32. Salt Lake City was first established as a trade center.

Correct Answer: F 6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. A combination of geographic-climatic conditions and social-economic factors explains why cities are where they are.

Correct Answer: T 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 34. While gridiron cities are clearly organized, radiocentric cities were not designed with a specific purpose in mind.

Correct Answer: F 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will

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take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 35. Gridiron cities are more common in North America.

Correct Answer: T 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. Gridiron cities promote communal lifestyles.

Correct Answer: F 6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. The Chicago school developed one of the first theories of urban ecology.

Correct Answer: T 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. The sector theory ignores changes in city shapes over time.

Correct Answer: F 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. Multiple nuclei theory challenges the idea that urban land use can be predicted.

Correct Answer: T 6.3: Recall the phenomenon of invasion–succession leading to the growth of cities Topic/Concept: Urban Ecology

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Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. Cities obtain, produce, and distribute their goods and services more cheaply than smaller settlements can.

Correct Answer: T 6.4: Review how economics is central to the patterns of land usage in cities Topic/Concept: The Economics of Land Use Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 41. A major issue with living away from the CBD is limited public transportation.

Correct Answer: T 6.4: Review how economics is central to the patterns of land usage in cities Topic/Concept: The Economics of Land Use Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 42. Social area analysis compares more than 140 cities to identify the most important determinant of urban land use.

Correct Answer: F 6.5: Examine some useful research tools for urban land use analysis Topic/Concept: Social Area Analysis and Mapping Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 43. Edward W. Soja argues that Los Angeles is a highly centralized metropolis that is becoming even more organized as time goes on.

Correct Answer: F 6.6: Review the four basic ecologies that were different from the ones popularized by the Chicago school Topic/Concept: The Los Angeles School: Postmodernism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 44. Michael J. Dear asserts that Los Angeles’s decentralized politics result in problems of political representation.

Correct Answer: T 6.6: Review the four basic ecologies that were different from the ones popularized by

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the Chicago school Topic/Concept: The Los Angeles School: Postmodernism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 45. Critics of the Los Angeles School contend that its proponents overemphasize the applicability of the model.

Correct Answer: T 6.6: Review the four basic ecologies that were different from the ones popularized by the Chicago school Topic/Concept: The Los Angeles School: Postmodernism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 46. Identify the relationship between geographical factors and human responses in shaping familiar cities. Which factors are more important?

6.1: Report how the location and design a city mirrors its physical environment Topic/Concept: Urban Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 47. Compare and contrast radiocentric and gridiron cities. How does their shape affect the lifestyle of their inhabitants (politically, economically, socially, culturally, etc.)?

6.2: Recognize the city’s social and economic functions that determine whether it will take a radiocentric or a gridiron shape Topic/Concept: The Shape of the City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 48. Describe the different areas or districts in a city familiar to you. What explains these divisions? In which theoretical framework does the city’s land use pattern fit best?

6.4: Review how economics is central to the patterns of land usage in cities Topic/Concept: The Economics of Land Use Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 49. Today, factorial ecology is often considered the “state of the art” approach to understanding the shape of cities. What are the advantages of this approach? What are

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its limitations?

6.5: Examine some useful research tools for urban land use analysis Topic/Concept: Social Area Analysis and Mapping Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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Chapter 7 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

According to the “new urbanists,” a. the distribution of wealth and power are important determinants for cities. b. geography and regional affiliation are the main factors shaping urban life. c. cities tend to evolve on their own as a natural progression. d. the growth of a city is determined by the number of large corporations invested.

Correct Answer: A 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

The “new urban sociology” a. promotes new theoretical ideas. b. draws on Marxism. c. is rooted in urban ecology. d. emerged in the late 1950s.

Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

In a capitalist system, the main flow of money is from investors into materials and labor costs. These sales generate profits for still more manufacturing ventures. This is related to the a. primary circuit of capital. b. second circuit of capital. c. additional circuit of capital. d. socialist circuit of capital.

Correct Answer: A 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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4.

While his approach was drawn from previous research, __________________ is credited with the application of the critical perspective to studying the city. a. Karl Marx b. Friedrich Engels c. Henri Lefebvre d. Adam Scott Correct Answer: C 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

5.

Claiming that space is used to construct our surroundings to meet particular needs and objectives, which then affects our behavior, is to say that space is a. a key part of social life. b. not socialized by individuals. c. related to personal politics. d. declining in significance.

Correct Answer: A 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

6.

Because the government owns most of the urban land and uses it for fire, police, government buildings, parks, and roads, as well as holds zoning and tax violation rights over the rest, the government applies ____________ over urban land. a. space theory b. social control c. capitalist hold d. socialist pull Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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7.

The structural context of the last decade includes all but which of the following? a. A decline in industrial jobs b. An increase in manufacturing jobs c. A movement of people from cities to suburbs d. Increasing financial problems in many cities Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

8.

Henri Lefebvre a. argued that urban development is a product of the capitalist economic system. b. emphasized the role of the primary circuit of capital. c. argued that investment in real estate guarantees successful urban growth. d. suggested that individual forces determine urban development.

Correct Answer: A 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9.

In Lefebvre’s theory, “abstract space” a. is the same as “social space.” b. is the type of space considered by government and businesses. c. is the most important type of space. d. is not connected to economic activity.

Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

10. Which of the following best illustrates an urban area as a theme park? a. Disney’s Main Street b. BosWash c. Cedar Point, Ohio d. New York’s Coney Island

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Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Which of the following best describes David Harvey’s research? a. It suggests that urban growth occurs evenly. b. It is based on Lefebvre’s ideas about the second circuit of capital. c. It focuses on Chicago. d. It ignores the role of government.

Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. According to David Harvey, a. real estate investment takes place in a free market. b. governments shape a city’s use of space. c. all neighborhoods are characterized by similar real estate buying and selling patterns. d. capitalists and government agencies are opposed to each other.

Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Which of the following statements describes “welfare capitalism”? a. It is a market system in which the government provides workers with subsidies. b. It exists when private corporations administer welfare programs. c. It eliminates the conflicts between the working class and the different levels of government. d. It decides which workers and which administrators receive higher rates of pay.

Correct Answer: A 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer

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theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 14. Which of the following statements describes Castells’s concept of the mode of development? a. It is based on Simmel’s concept of mode of production. b. It can be used to understand industrial growth in suburbs. c. It emphasizes today’s need to discover and apply new sources of energy. d. It is formed using the best theories presented by Marx and Engels.

Correct Answer: B 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 15. The fact that many industries absorbed their competitors and formed oligopolies a. illustrates horizontal integration. b. illustrates vertical disintegration. c. contributed to the dismantling of agglomeration economies. d. is a phenomenon that began only in the late 1970s.

Correct Answer: A 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. When city residents fight to protect the character of their neighborhood, including preserving older buildings, limiting traffic flow, and maintaining parks and other open spaces, they are making a case for a. urban growth. b. Sunbelt growth. c. social space. d. social limits.

Correct Answer: C 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy

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Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. According to Logan and Molotch, urban growth coalitions a. are formed by local residents. b. emphasize the need to create a social space view. c. were created to fight environmental degradation in cities. d. focus on ways to increase profits and economic activities.

Correct Answer: D 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Apply the goals of the U.S. economic system to the following statements and determine which describes economic restructuring. a. A decline in employment opportunities for manufacturing jobs b. A rise in entry-level jobs aimed at lower-skilled workers c. A rising skills match between low and highly trained employees d. A growing rate of high-level positions for skilled workers Correct Answer: A 7.2: Examine some of the phenomena that led to the revamp of global economies Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply it 19. The world-system perspective a. suggests capitalism exists only in Western countries. b. supports the idea that soon all cities will be part of the “core.” c. links changes in cities to the development of a global economy. d. suggests that cities in poor countries benefit greatly from globalization.

Correct Answer: C 7.2: Examine some of the phenomena that led to the revamp of global economies Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Which of the following areas contains the highest concentrations of poverty? a. Central cities b. Suburban areas

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c. d.

Nonmetropolitan areas Rural areas

Correct Answer: A LO#/text 7.4: Contrast the lot of the urban poor in developing and in developed nations Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 21. The theoretical arguments of “the new urban sociology” are quite old.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. New generations of social scientists dismiss the notion that natural processes shape the social life of cities.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. Urban theoretical models, in general, put emphasis on the fragmented nature of urban growth, development, and life.

Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

24. By the end of the 1940s, most social scientists agreed the traditional economic model accounted for many important changes in cities.

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Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Local economies can impact national economies.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Henri Lefebvre was heavily influenced by Karl Marx.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Henri Lefebvre was interested in how political capital influences behavior and set out to form a new approach to the study of the city.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. According to Lefebvre, space affects our behavior.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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29. Governments focus on social space while businesses focus on abstract space.

Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. Michael Sorkin and Mark Gottdiener point out that private themed environments are benign imitations.

Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. Harvey argues that actions taken by real estate investors can lead to urban decay and abandonment.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. In comparison with Karl Marx, Manuel Castells maintained a less orthodox approach to the study of cities.

Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Manuel Castells introduced the concept of the mode of development.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer

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theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. Scott argues that individual competition over territory determines urban growth patterns.

Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Manuel Castells never maintained a Marxist approach toward the study of cities.

Correct Answer: F 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. The purpose of welfare capitalism is for the government to provide subsidies to workers.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. John Logan and Harvey Molotch employed political economy theory in an effort to identify who the central decision-makers in North American cities are and to determine why they do what they do.

Correct Answer: T 7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 38. Economic restructuring is linked to a rapid growth in manufacturing.

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Correct Answer: F 7.2: Examine some of the phenomena that led to the revamp of global economies Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 39. Core cities in the United Nations Development Program include Calcutta, Kuala Lumpur, Mexico City, and Cairo.

Correct Answer: F 7.2: Examine some of the phenomena that led to the revamp of global economies Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. World system theory operates as a hierarchy so that countries at various stages of development constitute (1) the “core,” (2) the “semiperiphery,” and (3) the “periphery.”

Correct Answer: T 7.2: Examine some of the phenomena that led to the revamp of global economies Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 41. Poverty results in the serious problem of homelessness in more developed countries.

Correct Answer: T 7.4: Contrast the lot of the urban poor in developing and in developed nations Topic/Concept: The Urbanization of Poverty Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Essay 42. What are the pros and the cons of urban growth? Who are the groups who benefit from or are hurt by urban growth?

7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy

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Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 43. How do individuals, institutions, and structures shape urban space? How does space, in turn, influence the choices of urban residents?

7.1: Indicate that by the end of the 1960s, sociologists needed to look into newer theories to understand important changes in cities Topic/Concept: Urban Political Economy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 44. Globalization and economic restructuring have had strong impacts on the shape of cities in the United States and abroad. What are these major impacts? How do they differ between cities in the “core” and “periphery”?

7.2: Examine some of the phenomena that led to the revamp of global economies Topic/Concept: Evolution of a Global Economy Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It 45. Explain the process of the “urbanization of poverty.” How do the homeless fit in here?

7.4: Contrast the lot of the urban poor in developing and in developed nations Topic/Concept: The Urbanization of Poverty Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It

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Chapter 8 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

The image of a city, as defined by Kevin Lynch, is the a. slogan or catch phrase associated with the city. b. attitude which residents of the city have. c. generalized mental picture of the city’s external physical world. d. historical character of the city.

Correct Answer: C 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2. People form images of cities by a. finding connections between physical locations in the city. b. talking to others about what the important landmarks are. c. organizing the physical locations in a meaningful way. d. using technology to determine where they want to live.

Correct Answer: C 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. The five common elements in urban images, according to Lynch, are a. districts, landmarks, nodes, paths, and skylines. b. areas, districts, landmarks, nodes, and paths. c. areas, districts, edges, landmarks, and paths. d. districts, edges, landmarks, nodes, and paths.

Correct Answer: D 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 4. Which of the following statements best describes Lynch’s concept of mental maps? a. Mental maps mix accurate details with distortions. b. Mental maps of two people living in the same city will be similar. c. Mental maps contain very few unfamiliar sections.

86B .

d. Mental maps may represent of an area in its entirety.

Correct Answer: A 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5. Pedestrian traffic in the United States is characterized by a. people walking blindly into traffic. b. people ignoring each other while breaking the social rules. c. people noting the speed at which others are walking. d. people refusing to alert others to their position and collide.

Correct Answer: C 8.2: Evaluate the ways to deal with gesellschaft characteristics of cities Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gesellschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6.

Besides coping with the city’s sheer numbers, urbanites also must learn to deal with anonymity because we live in what Lyn Lofland calls a. the exurbs. b. a world of strangers. c. urban images. d. the urban network.

Correct Answer: B 8.2: Evaluate the ways to deal with gesellschaft characteristics of cities Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gesellschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7. An urban network is a. NBC. b. the collected mental maps of a group. c. interpersonal ties. d. a means of identifying with the city.

Correct Answer: C 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

87B .

8. Elizabeth Bott Spillius found that working-class spouses in London, England, had a. a joint marriage network, while middle class spouses had a segregated one. b. a segregated marriage network while middle class spouses had a joint one. c. middle class spouses and joint marriage networks, but wealthy spouses had segregated ones. d. middle class spouses and segregated marriage networks, but wealthy spouses had joint ones.

Correct Answer: B 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. Identifying with the city is aided by a. sports. b. clothing. c. art. d. architecture Correct Answer: A 8.4: Recognize that every city has a unique characteristic Topic/Concept: The Texture of the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 10. Gerald Suttles argues that the images people have about cities are a. stereotypical. b. objective reality. c. overwhelmingly negative. d. one individual’s impression.

Correct Answer: B 8.4: Recognize that every city has a unique characteristic Topic/Concept: The Texture of the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Most urban poor try to cope with the harsh realities of life through a. prayer. b. retreating into complete isolation. c. forming social networks. d. stealing and other forms of crime.

88B .

Correct Answer: A 8.5: Examine how positive personal relationships are the lifeline for most in city life Topic/Concept: Humanizing the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. Virginia Schein’s single mothers on public assistance all a. were lazy. b. had extensive family support. c. were working or had some work experience. d. had four or more children.

Correct Answer: C 8.5: Examine how positive personal relationships are the lifeline for most in city life Topic/Concept: Humanizing the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Carol Stack found in her study of poor African Americans that they a. created social networks to socialize. b. established an extensive network of cooperation and mutual aid. c. refused assistance when offered to them. d. became heavily indebted.

Correct Answer: B 8.5: Examine how positive personal relationships are the lifeline for most in city life Topic/Concept: Humanizing the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Which of the following statements about social movements and cities are true? a. Social movements benefit from the social interaction in cities. b. Small social movements focus on issues such as prostitution. c. Radical social movements are not initiated in cities. d. Large social movements begin with small groups.

Correct Answer: A 8.6: Review group actions that occur in city life to initiate or resist social change Topic/Concept: Social Movements and City Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 15. Which of the following is a stereotype associated with suburban life?

89B .

a. b. c. d.

Suburban life is constantly changing.

The majority of people live inside a city.

Suburbs abound with soccer moms.

People who live in suburbs are used to diversity.

Correct Answer: C 8.6: Review group actions that occur in city life to initiate or resist social change Topic/Concept: Social Movements and City Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 16. Applying the gesellschaft and gemeinschaft characteristics to make sense of a city means that it is being evaluated using the city’s a. physical form. b. economic structure. c. social control. d. modern capabilities.

Correct Answer: A 8.6: Review group actions that occur in city life to initiate or resist social change Topic/Concept: Social Movements and City Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate it 17. How do we respond to the city? a. In similar ways b. Using rare strategies c. Based on socialization d. Through learned attitudes Correct Answer: A 8.6: Review group actions that occur in city life to initiate or resist social change Topic/Concept: Social Movements and City Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know

True/False 18. Georg Simmel argued that the city stimulates us via its concentration of the human experience into a small space.

Correct Answer: T 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities

90B .

Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Some cities have more sharply defined images in the minds of their residents than other cities do.

Correct Answer: T 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Each person’s mental image of a city is stagnant.

Correct Answer: F 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. The physical layout of the city uniquely determines how we view a city.

Correct Answer: F 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. It is difficult to catch a cab in Ho Chi Minh City.

Correct Answer: F 8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. People stereotype strangers based on their spatial location.

Correct Answer: T 8.2: Evaluate the ways to deal with gesellschaft characteristics of cities Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gesellschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

91B .

24. Appearances are not as important as they used to be in classifying strangers.

Correct Answer: T 8.2: Evaluate the ways to deal with gesellschaft characteristics of cities Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gesellschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. By changing how we act and dress, we can convey a different impression to others.

Correct Answer: T 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Race plays a part in how residents view a city.

Correct Answer: T 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Eliot Liebow’s street-corner men assisted each other in finding work.

Correct Answer: F 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. “Lonely Hearts Clubs” are an example of a temporary network.

Correct Answer: T 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 29. Technology severs physical ties with communities but allows us to maintain relationships in spite of distance.

92B .

Correct Answer: T 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 30. Herbert Gans found that Boston’s West End was a chaotic slum.

Correct Answer: F 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. People identify with their cities based on both personal and shared experiences and events.

Correct Answer: T 8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Between 1988 and 2002, Seattle had an extensive social movement focused on improving the city’s neighborhoods.

Correct Answer: T 8.6: Review group actions that occur in city life to initiate or resist social change Topic/Concept: Social Movements and City Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. McMansions are an example of the large houses on sprawling estates.

Correct Answer: F 8.7: Recount different aspects of suburban life Topic/Concept: Suburban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 34. What are the four main types of scenes? Identify them and provide an example of each.

93B .

8.1: Analyze how people visualize their personal impressions of cities Topic/Concept: The Physical Environment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know 35. Look around your classroom and try to determine the stereotypes you use to differentiate people of different majors on your campus. Think about the last time you approached a stranger. What drew you to them? Do you react differently to people based on physical appearance and location?

8.2: Evaluate the ways to deal with gesellschaft characteristics of cities Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gesellschaft Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze it 36. Describe how people privatize the public spaces and make them their own. How might graffiti be seen as an example of this process?

8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze it

37. A gang is one type of urban network based on mutual aid. Explain why this statement is true or false.

8.3: Indicate that interpersonal bonds form the cornerstone of city life for most people Topic/Concept: The Social Environment: Gemeinschaft Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate it 38. Discuss how class and race impact the urban experience.

8.4: Recognize that every city has a unique characteristic Topic/Concept: The Texture of the City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply what you know

94B .

Chapter 9 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1. According to Daniel J. Monti, in the urban way of life, the many different types of people have found an appropriate form of public behavior that enables them to get along with each other. Monti refers to this as a. the countryside. b. civic culture. c. urban dominance. d. civilization.

Correct Answer: B 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2.

The text points out that much of the population of the city initially came from the a. suburbs. b. exurbs. c. countryside. d. highlands.

Correct Answer: C 9.1: Review the reciprocal relationship shared between the city and its countryside Topic/Concept: The City and the Countryside Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3. The text uses a small town in upstate New York as an example of urban dominance in a more subtle fashion. The pseudonym for this community is a. “Springdale.” b. “Levittown.” c. “Harrison.” d. “Mountain Home.”

Correct Answer: A 9.1: Review the reciprocal relationship shared between the city and its countryside Topic/Concept: The City and the Countryside Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

96B .

4.

Oswald Spengler spoke of the “__________” of the city. a. heart b. brain c. soul d. bones Correct Answer: C 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

5. Based on historical and comparative evidence, __________ argued that the city has been at the center of Western civilization from its beginnings. a. Robert Merton b. Lewis Mumford c. Oswald Spengler d. Herbert Gans Correct Answer: B 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6.

What does Daniel J. Monti argue about cities? a. They have become “sinkholes of indifference.” b. They lack a civic culture. c. They are static entities. d. They inspire a public spirit Correct Answer: D 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7.

Now a city of 22 million people, Beijing was formerly called a. Tokyo. b. Athens. c. Ibadan. d. Peking.

Correct Answer: D

97B .

9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8.

Ming Peking was based on a. elaborate Chinese cosmology. b. Cartesian logic. c. Buddhist rationalism. d. Eastern existentialism.

Correct Answer: A 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9. Which city did Louis Mumford describe as “a far richer efflorescence of human genius than history anywhere else records, except perhaps for Renaissance Florence”? a. Ming Peking b. Hellenic Athens c. 18th-century Rome d. Present-day London Correct Answer: B 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 10. In the 5th century B.C.E., the city of Athens had a population of roughly a. 50,000. b. 100,000. c. 350,000. d. a little more than one million.

Correct Answer: C 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Classical Athens stood as a monument to a. free citizens participation in government.

98B .

b. c. d.

an all-powerful god. a ruling family. a police state.

Correct Answer: A 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. Friedrich Engels spoke of which English city with these words: “...it is a city in which one can roam for hours without leaving the built-up area and without seeing the slightest sign of the approach of open country”? a. Manchester b. Birmingham c. Leeds d. London Correct Answer: D 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. For all intents and purposes, large-scale industrialism began in England about a. 1550. b. 1650. c. 1750. d. 1850.

Correct Answer: C 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. For the city dweller during the Industrial Revolution, the most important change was a. the suburban movement. b. the invention of the factory. c. the exurban movement. d. widespread pollution.

Correct Answer: B 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves

99B .

Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 15. In his writings, Charles Dickens used a phrase that summarized what worried Engels about the capitalist city: that it reduced everything in life to objective facts and quantity.

This phrase is a. “You know what a horse is.” b. “Give me your definition of a horse.” c. “He has no business to it.” d. “You are never to fancy!”

Correct Answer: D 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. __________ refers to conformity to opinions that supposedly reflect group consensus. a. Groupthink b. Group conformity c. Group polarization d. Group identity Correct Answer: A 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Visitors to Beijing today find a city displaying a. a communist philosophy. b. a rising consumerism. c. Marxism. d. socialism.

Correct Answer: B 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False

100B .

18. Shakespeare noted that the ways of the country and of the city are often quite different.

Correct Answer: T 9.1: Review the reciprocal relationship shared between the city and its countryside Topic/Concept: The City and the Countryside Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Cities are almost always completely self-defining.

Correct Answer: F 9.1: Review the reciprocal relationship shared between the city and its countryside Topic/Concept: The City and the Countryside Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Sociologically, Fiorello La Guardia was a marginal man who lived on the edge of many cultures.

Correct Answer: T 9.1: Review the reciprocal relationship shared between the city and its countryside Topic/Concept: The City and the Countryside Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

21. Perhaps the most important link between city and countryside is the reciprocal shaping of lifestyles.

Correct Answer: T 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 22. Urban dominance is a central pattern of the modern world, but not the historical world.

Correct Answer: F 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

101B .

23. Louis Wirth’s principal achievement as a United States urbanist was his articulation of the role of culture in cities.

Correct Answer: F 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 24. Oswald Spengler contended that cities ultimately dominate a society and maintain this dominance for all time.

Correct Answer: F 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 25. Modern sociologists generally view Spengler’s contribution to urban sociology as extremely significant.

Correct Answer: F 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 26. Daniel J. Monti believes cities have become “sinkholes of civic indifference.”

Correct Answer: F 9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 27. From Mumford and Spengler, we learn that although the city and civilization are not precisely synonymous, the city has a unique power to intensify and symbolize culture.

Correct Answer: T 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

102B .

28. There is little difference between the northern and southern regions of Beijing.

Correct Answer: F 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 29. Ming Peking is an example of a city’s ability to intensify culture.

Correct Answer: T 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 30. The very success of Greek city-states led to the aristocrats’ downfall.

Correct Answer: T 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 31. As Greek civilization entered the Golden Age, the gods themselves became more abstract and less like human beings.

Correct Answer: F 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 32. Athens’ moment at the pinnacle of urban history was undermined eventually by the culture’s own egocentrism and exploitative practices.

Correct Answer: T 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 33. The cultures that prevailed in classical Athens and in Ming Peking were very similar.

103B .

Correct Answer: F 9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 34. As a means of livelihood, capitalism is relatively new.

Correct Answer: F 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 35. It was the expansion of capitalist nations and their cities in the 19th century that made it possible for the Communists to gain control of China.

Correct Answer: T 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts 36. In 1976, Deng Xiaoping and his followers deemphasized the more extreme elements of Maoism.

Correct Answer: T 9.4: Analyze how capitalism as a means of livelihood is as old as the cities themselves Topic/Concept: The Culture of Capitalism and the City Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the concepts Essay/Discussion 37. Explain the relationship between the city and its countryside.

9.1: Review the reciprocal relationship shared between the city and its countryside Topic/Concept: The City and the Countryside Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. Explain how urban dominance is a central pattern of both the modern and the historical world.

104B .

9.2: Evaluate how the city has influenced civilization Topic/Concept: The City and Civilization Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 39. Compare and contrast the views of Oswald Spengler and Lewis Mumford in terms of the question, “Is the city truly synonymous with civilization?”

9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

40. The text utilizes Ming Peking and Hellenic Athens as contrasting case studies. What are the major differences between these two early cities? What does a comparison of these two early urban centers reveal?

9.3: Report the historical development of some of the major cities of the world Topic/Concept: The City and Societal Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

105B .

Chapter 10 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

______________ described wealth, status, and power as the major dimensions of social stratification. a. Max Weber b. Karl Marx c. George Simmel d. Emile Durkheim Correct Answer: A 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

__________ is the hierarchical ranking within a society of various social class groups according to wealth, power, and prestige. a. Socioeconomic status b. Power c. Wealth d. Social stratification Correct Answer: D 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

__________ is a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality. a. Socioeconomic status b. Wealth c. Social stratification d. Power Correct Answer: A 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

107B .

4.

In his comprehensive “Yankee City” study of social stratification, W. Lloyd Warner used which of the following methods? a. Self-placement b. Reputational c. Subjective d. Objective Correct Answer: B 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

5.

The largest percentage of Americans resides within the __________ class. a. working b. upper c. middle d. lower Correct Answer: C 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

Some urban neighborhoods have such extreme levels of poverty and unemployment that social scientists call them a. hyperghettos. b. inner-city slums. c. the projects. d. tent cities.

Correct Answer: A 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7.

About ______ percent of the population falls into the category of lower class. a. 50 b. 40 c. 30 d. 20

108B .

Correct Answer: D 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8.

In 2013, the official poverty rate was __________ percent. a. 8.2 b. 10.4 c. 14.5 d. 18.3 Correct Answer: C 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9.

________ percent of the foreign-born live in a U.S. central city. a. Fourteen b. Twenty-four c. Thirty-four d. Forty-six and one half Correct Answer: D 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

10. In New York City in 2012, one out of __________ residents were poor. a. two b. three c. four d. five Correct Answer: D 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

109B .

11. Zip code 10065 is the most prestigious one in New York City, for it encompasses much of __________, the country’s most affluent neighborhood. a. the Bronx b. Manhattan’s Upper East Side c. Queens d. Staten Island Correct Answer: D 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. “DINKs” are a. African American urban professionals. b. young professional couples with nerdy jobs. c. young professional couples without children. d. old white professionals nearing retirement.

Correct Answer: C 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Once identified as low-income neighborhoods, Logan Square, West Town, the Near West Side, and the Near South Side are now among __________ most desirable residential areas. a. New York City’s b. Milwaukee’s c. Chicago’s d. Toronto’s Correct Answer: C 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Herbert Gans referred to a city’s working-class neighborhoods as a. ethnic villages. b. inner-city enclaves. c. gemeinschafts. d. immigrant towns.

110B .

Correct Answer: A 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. Grand Rapids, Michigan is characterized in the text as reflecting a(n) __________ neighborhood. a. upper-class b. mixed-income c. working-class d. low-income Correct Answer: B 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. Which of the following best represents the caricature created to illustrate low-income urban neighborhoods? a. Folksy b. Ghettos c. Clean d. Industrious Correct Answer: B 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 17. One of the poorest and most densely populated neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California, is a. Gage Park. b. Pico-Union. c. Little Latino. d. Coxwell.

Correct Answer: B 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy

111B .

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Which of the following most closely resembles the suburban stereotype? a. Tuxedo Park, New York b. Grosse Point Shores, Michigan c. Darien, Connecticut d. South Barrington, Illinois Correct Answer: C 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Beauregard claimed that to be middle class meant to have more than money. It also included having a. a successful family life. b. many material items. c. a stable career. d. long-standing relationships.

Correct Answer: A 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. In 2010, __________ percent of all U.S. Hispanics lived in suburbs. a. 29 b. 39 c. 49 d. 59 Correct Answer: D 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 21. In every nation of the world, people are ranked in a social hierarchy that determines their quality of life.

112B .

Correct Answer: T 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. The main distinction between W. Lloyd Warner’s upper-upper and lower-upper classes was essentially that of “old money” and “new money.”

Correct Answer: T 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. The lower class consists of about 40 percent of the population.

Correct Answer: F 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Sociologist E. Digby Baltzell was born into the lower class.

Correct Answer: F 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. The disparity between rich and poor is simply a matter of difference in incomes.

Correct Answer: F 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. If we compare income data by residence, we find that those living outside central cities in metropolitan areas are better off than those living within central cities.

Correct Answer: T 10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life

113B .

Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Zip code 10065 is the most prestigious one in New York City.

Correct Answer: T 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. Chicago’s Gold Coast is the wealthiest urban neighborhood in the United States.

Correct Answer: F 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Most of the middle class lives in the city, not in the suburbs.

Correct Answer: F 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. In 2009, nearly half of the eligible population had never married.

Correct Answer: T 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. Herbert Gans referred to urban working-class neighborhoods as ethnic villages.

Correct Answer: T 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

114B .

32. Most cities lack mixed-income neighborhoods.

Correct Answer: F 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Unlike the immigrant poor of the past, today’s poor inner-city residents face social isolation.

Correct Answer: T 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. In 2011, the population of Pico-Union in Los Angeles was 85 percent Hispanic.

Correct Answer: T 10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Today’s suburbs fit the white, middle-class, and family-with-kids stereotype.

Correct Answer: F 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 36. Today’s upper-class suburbs resemble the old aristocratic ones of yesteryear.

Correct Answer: T 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 37. Working-class suburbs began to disappear after World War II. Correct Answer: F

115B .

10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. Minority suburbanization is most pronounced in metropolitan regions of 500,000 or more.

Correct Answer: T 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. Robbins, Illinois, is a fast-growing suburb that consists mostly of upper-class whites.

Correct Answer: F 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. More Asians live in suburbia than any other racial or ethnic category.

Correct Answer: T 10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 41. Briefly discuss each of Max Weber’s three dimensions of social stratification.

10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 42. Based on the text’s discussion, outline the disparity of income distribution in the United States today.

10.1: Examine the social stratifications that define people’s quality of life Topic/Concept: Social Stratification

116B .

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 43. Compare and contrast upper-class, middle-class, working-class, mixed income, and lowincome urban neighborhoods. Give an example of each.

10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 44. What are “DINKS”? Give an example.

10.2: Recall the different types of urban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Urban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 45. Based on the text’s discussion, discuss suburban social class diversity.

10.3: Review the different types of suburban neighborhoods Topic/Concept: Suburban Social Class Diversity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

117B .

Chapter 11 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

The height of the “Great Immigration” period took place a. between 1800 and 1850. b. between 1920 and 1950. c. between 1880 and 1910. d. between 1945 and 1970.

Correct Answer: C 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

In 2012, foreign-born people represented __________ percent of Miami’s total population. a. 33.5 b. 46.5 c. 58.1 d. 91.3 Correct Answer: C 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

Since 1960, the majority of immigrants have been a. non-registered and illegal. b. non-chronicled but legal. c. people of European origins. d. people of color.

Correct Answer: D 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

4.

The process known as “chain migration” describes the idea that a. once migration from a given area begins, it grows at an increasing rate. b. immigrants tend to settle near friends and relatives.

118B .

c. d.

immigrants often go back to their country of origin. men migrate first, then women and children follow.

Correct Answer: B 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5.

Throughout the 1800s, most of the United States’ black population a. lived in the South and in rural areas. b. lived in urban areas. c. was relatively wealthier than today. d. was concentrated around northeastern cities.

Correct Answer: A 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

Which of the following contributed to black migration to the North? a. Urban decentralization of transportation b. The growth of industrial production c. The increase of southern agriculture d. Urban sprawl in cities Correct Answer: B 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7.

Karl and Alma Taeuber’s study shows that a. blacks were less segregated in 1960 than in 1970. b. segregation can be measured by an index of dissimilarity. c. the segregation index for San Jose, California, was the highest in the United States. d. racism is the main cause of segregation.

Correct Answer: B 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada

119B .

Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8.

What is the fastest growing nonwhite population in the United States? a. Hispanics b. Asians c. African Americans d. Pacific Islanders Correct Answer: A 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9.

Chinese Americans a. account for 1% of the total U.S. population. b. have been blocked from immigrating because of the Chinese Exclusion Act. c. overwhelmingly occupy professional and technical positions. d. have a median family income that has fallen below the national average.

Correct Answer: A 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

10. Puerto Ricans a. enjoy open migration privileges. b. are less segregated from whites than Mexican Americans. c. are among the wealthiest Hispanics in the United States. d. are the largest Hispanic group in the United States.

Correct Answer: A 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Mexican Americans

120B .

a. b. c. d.

largely reside in rural areas. are well integrated into U.S. neighborhoods. account for 32 percent of Los Angeles’s population. tend to follow extended family residence patterns.

Correct Answer: C 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. All but which of the following groups contribute to the Muslim population in Canada? a. Egyptians b. French c. Indians d. Indonesians Correct Answer: B 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Native Americans who migrate to the city a. tend to concentrate in ghettos. b. quickly earn higher incomes. c. experience a cultural clash. d. have drug problems.

Correct Answer: B 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

14. Female participation in the labor force a. was very limited among upper- and middle-class women throughout the 19th century. b. increased rapidly after 1850.

121B .

c. d.

dropped during World War II. was about 90% in 2000.

Correct Answer: A 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 15. Chicago was incorporated as a city in a. 1673. b. 1763. c. 1833. d. 1897.

Correct Answer: C 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. Chicago’s access to other areas of the country through railroads and water systems allowed it to become a. the largest service center in America. b. a large manufacturing center. c. the primary destination of immigrants. d. the most advanced technological city.

Correct Answer: B 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. The Hull House a. was founded by Richard Daley. b. was located in a middle-class neighborhood of Chicago. c. addressed the needs of immigrant women and families. d. fought against unions.

Correct Answer: C

122B .

11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. The Chicago political machine a. has been controlled by Italian immigrants. b. came to power in 1900. c. focused on maintaining the quality of the central business district. d. worked on improving the living conditions in poorer black neighborhoods.

Correct Answer: C 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Gerald Suttles’s study of the Addams area on Chicago’s West Side suggests that a. poor neighborhoods are highly disorganized and lack social order. b. each ethnic or racial group claims its own territory. c. African Americans form closely knit communities. d. Mexican Americans are the most disadvantaged urban minority.

Correct Answer: B 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know True/False 20. Immigration to the United States is higher now than ever before.

Correct Answer: F 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. Ethnic and racial diversity is increasing in cities.

123B .

Correct Answer: T 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. The majority of new immigrants come from Asia and Latin America.

Correct Answer: T 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. New York is no longer the main destination of immigrants.

Correct Answer: F 11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Hispanics represent nearly half of Los Angeles’s population.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. The period of Great Migration from the South followed the period of Great Immigration from Europe.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Since the 1970s, racial residential segregation has steadily decreased in the United States.

124B .

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Most of the 10 most segregated metropolitan areas are in the North, while the 10 least segregated metropolitan areas are in the South.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. One in five residents in San Francisco is Chinese.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Japanese Americans represent an increasing share of Asian Americans.

Correct Answer: F 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. In the United States, Korean self-employment is higher than white self-employment.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

125B .

31. Hispanics have surpassed African Americans and have become the nation’s largest minority.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Puerto Ricans are the poorest of all Hispanics.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. There is a high number of female-headed families among Puerto Ricans.

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. About nine in 10 Mexican Americans live in rural areas.

Correct Answer: F 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Asians are stereo typed as a “model minority.”

Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy

126B .

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. The largest Arab-American settlement is in Dearborn, MI. Correct Answer: T 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. Only one-fourth of all Native Americans live in urban areas.

Correct Answer: F 11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. Open space is often allocated to male-oriented activities.

Correct Answer: T 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. Chicago was destroyed by fire in 1871.

Correct Answer: T 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. Chicago has never had a black mayor.

Correct Answer: F 11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life

127B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 41. What do immigrants bring to cities?

11.1: Evaluate the role of immigrants in defining the diversity and economics of cities Topic/Concept: Cities and Immigrants Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 42. How has the representation of different ethnic and racial groups changed in cities throughout this century?

11.2: Review the different ethnic groups that form a part of mainstream North America and Canada Topic/Concept: Racial and Ethnic Minorities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 43. How can urban spaces be dominated by a specific gender? Explain and give examples.

11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 44. Compare the experience of Asian Americans and African Americans in United States cities. What factors explain the differences and similarities?

11.3: Recall evolution of the concepts of women’s rights and social interaction in the second half of the twentieth century Topic/Concept: Women and Urban Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It

128B .

Chapter 12 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

Which of the following best characterizes problems with housing? a. An increase in low-rent housing units. b. A decrease in high-rent housing units. c. Changes in the housing market. d. Changes in what family’s want in homes.

Correct Answer: C 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

Government intervention in housing began a. with the New Deal. b. in New York in 1870. c. with the South Bronx project. d. to solve the housing shortage that followed World War II. Correct Answer: A 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

The federal housing programs of the New Deal had which of the following goals? a. Directed federal funds to encourage the construction of new housing b. Guaranteed construction loans to large corporations in India c. Building of high-income housing through Public Works d. Seizeure of decaying areas and giving them to developers willing to rehabilitate them Correct Answer: A 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

4.

Edward Banfield argues that a. public housing projects have been quite successful in providing people with affordable housing.

130B .

b. c. d.

residents’ irresponsible behavior is often to blame for the lack of public housing success. the architecture of public housing creates pathological behavior. poverty itself is the cause of public housing problems.

Correct Answer: B 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5.

The Section 8 Program a. was established during the New Deal era. b. provides rent subsidies to low-income tenants. c. transfers federal resources to local government in order to build public housing. d. has decreased the stock of low-cost rental housing.

Correct Answer: B 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

Deterioration of buildings in the inner city occurs because a. nobody wants to live there. b. their maintenance represents more costs than rental income warrants. c. they are destroyed by vandals and looters. d. they are not insured.

Correct Answer: B 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

7.

Which of the following describes “sweat equity”? a. Sweat equity is the exploitation of young workers in the inner city. b. Sweat equity allows individuals with low incomes to invest in a residence. c. Sweat equity has not been very successful in providing affordable housing. d. Sweat equity is an emerging form of gentrification in urban environments.

Correct Answer: B 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live

131B .

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 8.

How is gentrification characterized? a. It allowed poor people to own their residences. b. It results from Section 8 programs. c. It increases the number of low-rent housing units. d. It describes why rich people move to older areas.

Correct Answer: D 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

9.

The “New Urbanism” is sometimes criticized for a. its emphasis on high-rise buildings. b. the fact that it isolates the poor in specific areas. c. the lack of attention to aesthetics. d. the fact that it reduces the number of low-income housing units.

Correct Answer: D 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

10. Prior to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, most urban schools had a policy of __________, moving children through grades with their age peers regardless of their actual learning achievement. a. social promotions b. social reproduction c. mandatory advancement d. environmental adaptation Correct Answer: A 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. __________ offer special programs to attract students from many districts to achieve integration. a. Charter schools

132B .

b. c. d.

School vouchers Magnet schools Busing programs

Correct Answer: C 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. Some school districts offer parents credit that is equal to the state’s share of the cost of educating a child. This strategy is referred to as a. magnet schools. b. school vouchers. c. charter schools. d. busing.

Correct Answer: B 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. _________ are privately operated and with less state regulation, so that teachers and administrators can try out new teaching strategies. a. School vouchers b. Busing programs c. Magnet schools d. Charter schools Correct Answer: D 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Crime rates today are a. on the rise. b. highest in cities. c. not different in cities and suburbs. d. lower than in 1980.

Correct Answer: B 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime

133B .

Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. Within urban areas, crime is a. most concentrated in rich neighborhoods. b. most concentrated in poor neighborhoods. c. most likely to affect white teenagers. d. most likely to affect rich individuals.

Correct Answer: B 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. Herrnstein and Murray argue that a. IQ tests are not representative of people’s level of intelligence. b. alienation and relative deprivation explains high crime rates. c. inner-city residents with low IQ are more likely to commit crimes. d. inner-city residents are more likely to be victims of social inequalities.

Correct Answer: C 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 17. Black-white residential segregation a. has increased since 1990. b. explains inter-city variations in the Black murder rate. c. is practically impossible to measure. d. does not seem to influence violent crime.

Correct Answer: B 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Oscar Newman found that crime rates a. could be reduced by improving architectural design. b. are influenced by inner city culture. c. are somewhat lower in large high-rise housing.

134B .

d.

cannot be reduced unless poverty is eliminated.

Correct Answer: A 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 19. The problem of housing is related to the problem of poverty.

Correct Answer: T 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Defining housing as “substandard” is somewhat arbitrary.

Correct Answer: T 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. The housing market has generated an increase in the number of low-rent units.

Correct Answer: F 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. The New Deal provided loan guarantees to veterans.

Correct Answer: F 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

135B .

23. The dominant culture in the United States favors private over public ownership.

Correct Answer: T 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. The Housing Act of 1968 failed because it ignored the economic interests of developers.

Correct Answer: F 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Homesteading programs have helped to rehabilitate more than 1 million homes.

Correct Answer: F 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Gentrification contradicts Burgess’s concentric zone model.

Correct Answer: T 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Gentrification offers new yuppie residents greater variety and stimulation.

Correct Answer: T 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. Boston’s Columbia Point illustrates the success of homesteading programs.

Correct Answer: F 12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes

136B .

Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. The new urbanism emphasizes the importance of public spaces.

Correct Answer: T 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. Unlike affluent communities, cities lack the tax base to provide adequate per-student expenditures, even with additional state aid.

Correct Answer: T 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 31. Magnet schools are inexpensive to operate.

Correct Answer: F 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Charter schools are not held accountable for achieving educational results.

Correct Answer: F 12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. TV shows influence public perception of crime.

Correct Answer: T 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

137B .

34. Most people believe crime is on the rise.

Correct Answer: T 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Violent crimes have decreased dramatically, especially among juveniles.

Correct Answer: F 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. The greatest concentration of criminal offenses occurs in inner-city poor neighborhoods.

Correct Answer: T 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. Two-thirds of police arrests for serious crimes involve white people.

Correct Answer: T 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. Banfield argues that crime is strongly related to low IQ. Correct Answer: F 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

138B .

39. Ruth Peterson and Lauren Krivo coined the term “hypersegregation.”

Correct Answer: F 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. In larger and taller buildings, crime occurs mostly in public areas.

Correct Answer: T 12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 41. Compare the advantages and limitations of public and private projects in providing lowcost housing.

12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 42. What are the different factors that explain the failure of most high-rise public housing projects? Suggest some solutions.

12.1: Indicate that choice of housing is a matter of economics and personal tastes Topic/Concept: Housing: A Place to Live Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It 43. Discuss the implications of meeting the No Child Left Behind challenge.

12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 44. Define and briefly discuss magnet schools, school vouchers, and charter schools.

12.2: Recall some of the obstacles that educators face

139B .

Topic/Concept: Education: The Urban Challenge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 45. Compare the four explanations of the high incidence of crime in inner-city neighborhoods. Which explanation seems more valid to you?

12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It 46. The attitude “tough on crime” has been quite popular among politicians in many U.S. urban areas. Explain the limitations of this approach to eliminate crime.

12.3: Report some of the factors that cause differences in perception of crime Topic/Concept: Crime: Perception and Reality Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It

140B .

Chapter 13 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

Primate cities develop most often in a. countries that were or are under foreign control. b. countries that have a large number of modern cities. c. large countries experiencing economic growth. d. large countries with low rates of educational success.

Correct Answer: A 13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

In place of urban centers, Africans built a. suburban cities. b. dual cities. c. single cities. d. large cities.

Correct Answer: B 13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

Early African cities typically a. were not linked by trade. b. were built quickly. c. had wide, open streets. d. had rich and poor in the same area.

Correct Answer: D 13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

141B .

4.

The second wave of European colonization in Africa began in a. 1607. b. 1776. c. 1862. d. 1895.

Correct Answer: C 13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

5.

Which of the following is a city in Southeast Asia? a. Hong Kong b. Bangladesh c. Jakarta d. New Delhi Correct Answer: C 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

The first country to colonize part of India was a. Britain. b. France. c. Portugal. d. Spain.

Correct Answer: C 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

7.

British sections of dual cities a. are typically arranged in a grid pattern. b. have a railroad running through them. c. are surrounded by mountains. d. include bike and car lanes.

142B .

Correct Answer: A 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8.

Which of the following best describes China’s Special Economic Zones? a. Manufacturers are allowed to make deals with foreign companies free from government interference. b. Foreign companies are allowed to freely enter into China in order to make business arrangements. c. They are areas of China that are tax-free, deregulated, and not susceptible to government interference. d. They are agreements made between foreign and domestic companies to boost the Chinese economy.

Correct Answer: A 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

9.

Colonization has several common legacies. Which of the following is part of its national image? a. Racial b. Political c. Religious d. Educational Correct Answer: B 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

10. The Inca civilization was based in what is now a. Mexico. b. Peru. c. Panama. d. Brazil.

Correct Answer: B 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities

143B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Because of Latin America’s higher level of education, large-scale immigration occurred between a. 1920 and 1980. b. 1840 and 1890. c. 1860 and 1930. d. 1890 and 1960.

Correct Answer: C 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. The chief reason for the loss of life among Latin American natives in the 16th century was a. wars with the Spanish and Portuguese colonists. b. diseases imported from India. c. a plunge in the birth rate. d. a lack of access to farmland.

Correct Answer: A 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 13. Which of the following would be found in the plaza mayor in a Latin American colonial city? a. A Methodist church b. Government offices c. Low-income residences d. Major banks.

Correct Answer: B 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. The world’s first known city is a. Jericho.

144B .

b. c. d.

Mexico City.

Rome.

Athens.

Correct Answer: A 13.4: Record the history and the modern-day features of some prominent Middle Eastern cities Topic/Concept: Middle Eastern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. Islamic cities declined after the Middle Ages due to a. the Crusaders. b. topsoil depletion. c. influence of Christianity. d. oppressive taxation.

Correct Answer: B 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. European powers sought to change the Middle East by a. introducing Christianity as the official religion. b. trading with it. c. ruthlessly crushing its indigenous cities. d. supporting Israel.

Correct Answer: B 13.4: Record the history and the modern-day features of some prominent Middle Eastern cities Topic/Concept: Middle Eastern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Primacy ratio is computed by dividing the a. primate city’s population by the total population of the country. b. primate city’s population by the population of the second-largest city. c. second-largest city’s population by the primate city’s population. d. country’s total population by the population of the second-largest city.

Correct Answer: B 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities

145B .

Topic/Concept: 13.5: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Latin American cities lag far behind those in Europe, Canada, and the United States because a. Latin America was never viewed as import-oriented cities. b. most Latin American cities never developed much of an industrial base. c. other rich nations and their corporations lent too much support to these cities. d. the educational system in Latin America trails behind other countries.

Correct Answer: B 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: 13.5: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 19. According to the text, in global perspective, Africa a. is a continent in crisis. b. is the most urbanized continent. c. has the lowest rate of increase in urbanization. d. has a growing farming community.

Correct Answer: A 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Japan’s severe pollution is due to a. rapid industrialization. b. lax pollution regulations. c. diminishing trade. d. continued colonization.

Correct Answer: A 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. Which of the following is not among the common problems of the cities of the developing world? a. Spiraling populations

146B .

b. c. d.

Quality of life problems Shantytowns Political division

Correct Answer: D 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. A generation or two ago, one correctly thought of more-developed countries as the locales of the world’s largest metropolitan areas, or a. exurbs. b. suburbs. c. urban agglomerations. d. Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

Correct Answer: C 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. The world’s largest urban agglomerations are also referred to as a. Metropolitan Statistical Areas. b. exurbs. c. suburban sprawl. d. megacities.

Correct Answer: D 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts True/False 24. Early African cities had a pattern based on a central business district surrounded by residential rings determined by income.

Correct Answer: F 13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans

147B .

Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. The slave trade was facilitated by the aid of Muslims.

Correct Answer: T 13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. From the mid-19th century until the end of World War II, China was subjected to foreign control.

Correct Answer: T 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. The British destroyed existing cities in India whenever they came upon them.

Correct Answer: F 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 28. Kolkata produces jute, manganese, mica, petroleum, and tea.

Correct Answer: T 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Hong Kong is the world’s third most important financial center after London and New York.

Correct Answer: T 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities

148B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. Unlike India and China, Southeast Asia has little tradition of large indigenous cities.

Correct Answer: T 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 31. Southeast Asia remains one of the least urbanized areas of the world.

Correct Answer: T 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. The tremendous economic success of Japan enables the Japanese to enjoy a standard of living that is comparable to other industrial nations.

Correct Answer: F 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. The total fertility rate is the number of children born annually for every 1,000 people in the population.

Correct Answer: F 13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. Marco Posaw Indian cities primarily in terms of wealth and objects.

Correct Answer: T 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

149B .

35. The cities of the Aztec and Inca Empires were completely destroyed and replaced with Spanish cities.

Correct Answer: T 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 36. Most Latin American cities have followed the pattern of rapid industrialization typical of Europe, Canada, and the United States.

Correct Answer: F 13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 37. People in Islamic cities identify more with their neighborhoods than their cities.

Correct Answer: T 13.4: Record the history and the modern-day features of some prominent Middle Eastern cities Topic/Concept: Middle Eastern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. Early Islamic cities had a surrounding wall.

Correct Answer: T 13.4: Record the history and the modern-day features of some prominent Middle Eastern cities Topic/Concept: Middle Eastern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. Europeans viewed the Middle East as a valuable prize.

Correct Answer: F 13.4: Record the history and the modern-day features of some prominent Middle Eastern cities Topic/Concept: Middle Eastern Cities

150B .

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. Rapid urban growth has established a primate-city pattern for the entire Middle East.

Correct Answer: T 13.4: Record the history and the modern-day features of some prominent Middle Eastern cities Topic/Concept: Middle Eastern Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 41. In the future, demographers fear, population totals in less-developed countries will soar further.

Correct Answer: T 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: 13.5: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 42. The text points out that so-called over-urbanization in the developing world may well get a good deal worse before it gets better.

Correct Answer: T 13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: 13.5: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 43. What are the common elements of cities in the non-industrialized world? How do they compare to U.S. and Canadian cities?

13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 44. What are some of the potential solutions to the primate city problem given in the chapter? Illustrate with specific examples of their implementation in these countries.

151B .

13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 45. Discuss how cultural factors shape cities, using examples from Africa and the Middle East.

13.1: Review the transition of the coastal African cities from indigenous ones to those dominated by Europeans Topic/Concept: African Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 46. Discuss the purpose and pattern of construction of colonial cities and its effect on class structure and the development of these cities.

13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It 47. Compare and contrast the urban experiences in China and India.

13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 48. Discuss the twin problems of overpopulation and migration in relation to the development of modern Latin American cities.

13.2: Describe some of the world’s most populous cities in Asia Topic/Concept: Asian Cities Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 49. Compare and contrast the European colonization pattern found in Africa with that found in Latin America.

13.3: Evaluate the characteristics of some major Latin American cities Topic/Concept: Latin American Cities

152B .

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 50. Based on the text’s discussion, write an essay discussing the major problems of cities and how these issues are the result of global urbanization.

13.5: Recount some of the common problems that plague most cities Topic/Concept: 13.5: Common Problems Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It

153B .

Chapter 14 Examination Questions Multiple Choice 1.

Ebenezer Howard believed the city lacked a. opportunity. b. entertainment. c. a sense of freedom. d. diversity.

Correct Answer: C Recognize the meticulous planning that created some of the major early world civilizations Topic/Concept: Past Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

2.

Early planning efforts were directed at a. removing those in power. b. conserving natural resources. c. reflecting cultural values. d. neglecting specific problems.

Correct Answer: C Recognize the meticulous planning that created some of the major early world civilizations Topic/Concept: Past Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

3.

City planning in the industrial era was driven primarily by a. profit. b. tradition. c. politics. d. a concern for the masses.

Correct Answer: A 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

154B .

4.

The sociological concept of a ___________ deals with the large-scale, holistic planning of a mixed-use, self-sufficient community. a. greenway b. communal city c. new town d. housing community Correct Answer: C 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

5.

New towns have been criticized for being a. too large. b. too flexible c. too low density. d. too high density Correct Answer: C 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

6.

Government planning of new towns is absent for the most part in a. Britain. b. United States. c. France. d. Brazil.

Correct Answer: B 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

7.

The new town in the United States that has been most successful in creating racial and social class integration is a. Reston, Virginia. b. Radburn, New Jersey. c. Columbia, Maryland. d. Irvine, California.

155B .

Correct Answer: C 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 8.

Celebration, Florida, is notable for a. homes that re-create the pre-World War II small town. b. mostly expensive housing, few low-cost homes. c. a model school financed by Universal Studios. d. little economic growth compared to neighboring cities.

Correct Answer: D 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9.

The utopian planner most associated with “arcologies” is a. Howard. b. Le Corbusier. c. Soleri. d. Wright.

Correct Answer: C 14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

10. In Frank Lloyd Wright’s ideal world, a. homes could be constructed in an organic way. b. virtually equal densities would be found throughout the city. c. cars would be abolished. d. a minimal amount of land would be used.

Correct Answer: A 14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

156B .

11. The utopian visionaries are characterized by a. high-population densities. b. financial certainty. c. sociological naiveté. d. fluidity in their visions.

Correct Answer: C 14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. __________ are environments where children explore their neighborhood and learn the rules of urban social life. a. Gardens b. Sidewalks c. Driveways d. Yards Correct Answer: B 14.5: Review how scientific discoveries and technological advances will impact our lives Topic/Concept: The Future of Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Toronto, Ontario, is notable for a. inefficient metropolitan planning. b. colonial planning phases. c. its millennium “Official Plan.” d. effective environmental policies.

Correct Answer: C 14.5: Review how scientific discoveries and technological advances will impact our lives Topic/Concept: The Future of Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Which of the following is true about city planning? a. Changing a city’s physical form automatically reshapes social life. b. Planners should be allowed to control all aspects of how cities are built. c. Planning does not take place within a framework of political realities. d. The goals of the planning experiments of the last century have not been met.

157B .

Correct Answer: D 14.5: Review how scientific discoveries and technological advances will impact our lives Topic/Concept: The Future of Cities Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know True/False 15. Ebenezer Howard sought a marriage of town and country.

Correct Answer: T Recognize the meticulous planning that created some of the major early world civilizations Topic/Concept: Past Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 16. Urban planning began with Ebenezer Howard.

Correct Answer: F Recognize the meticulous planning that created some of the major early world civilizations Topic/Concept: Past Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Early British new towns were antigrowth.

Correct Answer: T 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. French new towns were designed as “bedroom communities.”

Correct Answer: F 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

158B .

19. In Canberra, Australia, all business is centrally located for reasons of transportation efficiency.

Correct Answer: F 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Brasilia is a model city in Latin America.

Correct Answer: F 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. The largest planned community in North America is Irvine.

Correct Answer: T 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the principal challenge of rebuilding the city of New Orleans is to avoid piecemeal efforts and to overcome the segregation and poverty problems that existed previously.

Correct Answer: T 14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. Le Corbusier sought to build tall skyscrapers surrounded by huge open spaces.

Correct Answer: T 14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

159B .

24. Soleri continued to develop Wright’s Broadacre City utopia.

Correct Answer: F 14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Jane Jacobs argues for large-scale citywide planning to improve a city’s diversity.

Correct Answer: F 14.4: Evaluate the significance and utility of different urban segments Topic/Concept: Twentieth Century Small-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. The area that was to become the city of Toronto was first established as a trading post in the 17th century.

Correct Answer: T 14.5: Review how scientific discoveries and technological advances will impact our lives Topic/Concept: The Future of Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Essentially, Toronto functions as a single-tiered government.

Correct Answer: F 14.5: Review how scientific discoveries and technological advances will impact our lives Topic/Concept: The Future of Cities Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Essay/Discussion 28. Discuss the successes and failures of new towns in Europe, Australia, Brazil, and the United States.

14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement

160B .

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 29. What are the problems that New Towns visionaries see with modern cities?

14.2: Review new towns Topic/Concept: The New Towns Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 30. Critique the New Towns movement and the utopian visions of Le Corbusier, Wright, and Soleri.

14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It 31. Compare and contrast the utopian visions of Le Corbusier, Wright, and Soleri.

14.3: Examine four large-scale visions of the street as done by architects Topic/Concept: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 32. How do economics, politics, and values make the city planner’s job more difficult?

14.4: Evaluate the significance and utility of different urban segments Topic/Concept: Twentieth Century Small-Scale Visions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It

161B .