C++ How to Program, 10th edition Published Paul Deitel Test Bank

Type:

Test Bank

Resource:

C++ How to Program

Edition:

10th Edition

Author(s):

Paul Deitel Harvey Deitel

C++ How to Program, 10/e Multiple Choice Test Bank

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Section 1.1 Introduction 1.1 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. Object-oriented programming is today's key programming methodology. b. C++ is one of today's most popular software development languages. c. Software commands computer hardware to perform tasks. d. In use today are more than a trillion general-purpose computers and trillions more cellphones, smartphones and other handheld devices.

ANS: d. In use today are more than a trillion general-purpose computers and trillions more cellphones, smartphones and other handheld devices. Actually, "trillions" should be "billions."]

1.1 Q2: Which of the following statements is false? a. Object-oriented programming is today's key programming methodology. b. C++ is standardized worldwide through the International Organization for Standardization. c. Hardware controls software. d. There are now more mobile devices than people in the world.

ANS: c. Hardware controls software. Actually, software (i.e., the instructions you write) controls hardware (i.e., computers).

Section 1.2 Computers and the Internet in Industry and Research 1.2 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. Cloud computing allows you to use software, hardware and information stored on remote computers via the Internet and available on demand—rather than having it stored on your personal computer. b. Electronic health records enable health care providers to share patients’ information across a secure network, improving patient care, reducing the probability of error and increasing overall efficiency of the health care system. c. Global Positioning System (GPS) devices a single satellite to retrieve location-based information. d. The Human Genome Project was founded to identify and analyze the 20,000+ genes in human DNA. ANS: c. Global Positioning System (GPS) devices use a network of satellites to retrieve location-based information.

1.2 Q2: Which of the following statements is false? a. Cloud computing allows you to use software, hardware and information stored in the “cloud”—i.e., accessed on remote computers via the Internet and available on demand—rather than having it stored on your personal computer. b. Cloud computing services allow you to increase or decrease resources to meet your needs at any given time, so they can be more cost effective than purchasing expensive hardware to ensure that you have enough storage and processing power to meet your needs at their peak levels. c. Businesses using cloud computing services must still manage the applications, which can be costly. d. Both (a) and (c).

ANS: c. Businesses using cloud computing services must still manage the applications, which can be costly.

Actually, using cloud computing services shifts the burden of managing applications from the business to the service provider, saving businesses money.

Section 1.3 Hardware and Software 1.3 Q1: Which of the following is most closely associated with Moore's Law? a. Every year or two, the price of computers has approximately doubled. b. Object-oriented programming uses less memory than previous software-development methodologies. c. Demand for communications bandwidth is decreasing dramatically each year. d. Every year or two, the capacities of computers have approximately doubled without any increase in price.

ANS: d. Every year or two, the capacities of computers have approximately doubled without any increase in price.

1.3 Q2: Which of the following is not one of the six logical units of a computer? a. Input unit. b. Output unit. c. Central processing unit. ..

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d. Printer.

ANS: d. Printer.

1.3 Q3: Which of the following statements is false? a. Speaking to your computer is a form of input. b. Playing a video is an example of output. c. A multi-core processor implements several processors on a single integrated-circuit chip. d. Information in the memory unit is persistent—it is retained when the computer's power is turned off.

ANS: d. Information in the memory unit is persistent—it is retained when the computer's power is turned off.

Actually the information is volatile—it's lost when power is turned off.

Section 1.4 Data Hierarchy 1.4 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. The impressive functions performed by computers involve only the simplest manipulations of 1s and 2s. b. ASCII is a popular subset of Unicode. c. Fields are composed of characters or bytes. d. On some operating systems, a file is viewed simply as a sequence of bytes.

ANS: a. The impressive functions performed by computers involve only the simplest manipulations of 1s and 2s . Actually, it's 1s and 0s.

1.4 Q2: Which of the following data items are arranged from the smallest to the largest in the data hierarchy. a. records, characters, fields, bits, files. b. bits, files, fields, records, characters. c. fields, characters, bits, files, records. d. bits, characters, fields, records, files.

ANS: d. bits, characters, fields, records, files.

Section 1.5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages 1.5 Q1: Which of the following is not one of the three general types of computer languages? a. Machine languages. b. Assembly languages. c. High-Level languages. d. Spoken languages.

ANS: d. Spoken languages.

1.5 Q2: Which of the following statements is true? a. Interpreted programs run faster than compiled programs. b. Compilers translate high-level language programs into machine language programs. c. Interpreter programs typically use machine language as input. d. None of the above.

ANS: b. Compilers translate high-level language programs into machine language programs.

Section 1.6 C and C++ 1.5 Q1: Which of the following statements about the C programming language is false? a. C was implemented in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. b. With careful design, it’s possible to write C programs that are portable to most computers. c. C initially became widely known as the Windows operating system’s development language. d. Today, most of the code for general-purpose operating systems is written in C or C++.

ANS: c. C initially became widely known as the Windows operating system’s development language. Actually, it was the Unix operating system's development language.

1.5 Q2: C++ provides a number of features that “spruce up” the C language, but more importantly, it provides capabilities for ________ that were inspired by the Simula simulation programming language. a. structured programming b. simulation c. object-oriented programming ..

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d. None of the above.

ANS: c. object-oriented programming

Section 1.7 Programming Languages 1.7 Q1: Today, virtually all new major operating systems are written in: a. Objective-C. b. C or C++. c. Visual C#. d. Ada. ANS: b. C or C++.

1.7 Q2: Which of the following languages is used primarily for scientific and engineering applications? a. Fortran. b. COBOL. c. Pascal. d. Basic.

ANS: a. Fortran.

1.7 Q3: Which language was developed by Microsoft in the early 1990s to simplify the development of Windows applications? a. Visual C#. b. Python. c. Objective-C. d. Visual Basic.

ANS: d. Visual Basic.

Section 1.8 Introduction to Object Technology 1.8 Q1: ________ is a graphical language that allows people who design software systems to use an industry standard notation to represent them. a. The Unified Graphical Language b. The Unified Design Language c. The Unified Modeling Language d. None of the above ANS: c. The Unified Modeling Language.

1.8 Q2: ________ models software in terms similar to those that people use to describe real-world objects. a. Object-oriented programming b. Object-oriented design c. Procedural programming d. None of the above ANS: b. Object-oriented design.

1.8 Q3: Which statement is false? a. Classes are reusable software components. b. A class is to an object as a blueprint is to a house. c. Performing a task in a program requires a method. d. A class is an instance of its object.

ANS: d. A class is an instance of its object. Actually, the reverse is true.

Section 1.9 Typical C++ Development Environment 1.9 Q1: The a. Interpreter. b. Compiler. c. Preprocessor. d. Loader.

ANS: b. Compiler.

creates object code and stores it on disk.

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1.9 Q2: The linker links: a. The source code with the object code. b. The object code with the libraries. c. The executable code with primary memory. d. The primary memory with the CPU. ANS: b. The object code with the libraries.

Section 1.10 Test-Driving a C++ Application (none).

Section 1.11 Operating Systems 1.11 Q1 Which of the following statements is false? a. The concepts of icons, menus and windows were originally developed by Xerox PARC. b. Windows is an open source operating system. c. The software that contains the core components of the operating system is called the kernel. d. Linux source code is available to the public for examination and modification.

Ans: b. Windows is an open source operating system. Actually, Windows is a proprietary operating system.

1.11 Q2: Which of the following is not a key organization in the open-source community? a. Apache. b. SourceForge. c. Firefox. d. Eclipse.

ANS: c. Firefox (it's a web browser made by the open source organization Mozilla).

Section 1.12 Internet and the World Wide Web 1.12 Q1: ________ helps Internet-based applications perform like desktop applications. a. Ajax b. Blogging c. RSS d. Mashups ANS: a. Ajax.

1.12 Q2: ________ is a communications protocol used to send information over the web. a. HyperText Markup Language (HTML). b. URL (Uniform Resource Locator). c. Web 2.0 d. TCP/IP ANS: a. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

Section 1.13 Some Key Software Development Terminology 1.13 Q1: ________ involves reworking programs to make them clearer and easier to maintain while preserving their correctness and functionality. a. Object-oriented programming b. Refactoring c. Agile software development d. LAMP ANS: b. Refactoring.

1.13 Q2: Which software product release category is "generally feature complete and supposedly bug free, and ready for use by the community?" a. Alpha. b. Beta. c. Release candidate. ..

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d. Continuous beta.

ANS: c. Release candidate.

Section 1.14 C++11 and C++14: The Latest C++ Versions 1.14 Q1: Which of the following is not a goal stated by the creator of C++ for the new C++ standard? a. Make C++ easier to learn. b. Improve library building capabilities. c. Make C++ an open source programming language. d. Increase compatibility with the C programming language.

ANS: c. Make C++ an open source programming language.

1.14 Q2 [C++14]: Which of the statements a), b) and c) about C++14 is false? a. It added several language features. b. It added several C++ Standard Library Enhancements. c. It added several bugs from C++11. d. None of the above statements is false.

ANS: c. It added several bugs from C++11.

Section 1.15 Boost C++ Libraries 1.15 Q1 Which of the following statements about the Boost Libraries is false? a. They are free. b. They are open source. c. They are peer reviewed and portable. d. They are automatically included in the latest C++ Standard Library.

ANS: d. They are automatically included in the latest C++ standard. Actually, they often act as a proving ground for capabilities that are eventually absorbed into the C++ Standard Library.

1.15 Q2 [C++11]: The Boost Libraries ________ pointers help you avoid some key errors associated with traditional pointers. a. open b. regular c. smart d. self-correcting ANS: c. smart 1.15 Q3 Which of the following statements about regular expressions is true? a. They are used to match specific character patterns in text. b. They can be used to replace parts of one string with another, or to split a string. c. They can be used to validate data to ensure that it’s in a particular format. d. All of the above statements are true.

ANS: d. All of the above statements are true.

Section 1.16 Keeping Up-to-Date with Information Technologies (none).

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Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Programming; Input/Output and Operators

Section 2.2 First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Text 2.2 Q1: End-of-line comments that should be ignored by the compiler are denoted using: a. Two forward slashes (//). b. Three forward slashes (///). c. A slash and a star (/*). d. A slash and two stars (/**).

ANS: a. Two forward slashes (//).

2.2 Q2: Which of the following does not cause a syntax error to be reported by the C++ compiler? a. Mismatched {}. b. Missing */ in a comment. c. Missing ; at the end of a statement. d. Extra blank lines.

ANS: d. Extra blank lines.

2.2 Q3: Which of the following is not a syntax error? a. std::cout << 'Hello world! '; b. std::cout << "Hello world! "; c. std::cout << "Hello world! "; d. std::cout << Hello world!; ANS: c. std::cout << "Hello world! ";

2.2 Q4: The escape sequence for a newline is: a. \n b. \t c. \r d. \a

ANS: a. \n 2.2 Q5: Which of the following statements would display the phrase C++ is fun? a. std::cout << "Thisis fun\rC++ "; b. std::cout << '++ is fun'; c. std::cout << "\"C++ is fun\""; d. std::cout << C++ is fun; ANS: a. std::cout << "Thisis fun\rC++ ";

Section 2.3 Modifying Our First C++ Program 2.3 Q1: Which of the following is not a valid C++ identifier? a. my Value b. _AAA1 c. width d. m_x ANS: a. my Value (Identifiers may not contain blanks)

2.3 Q2: Which is the output of the following statements? std::cout << "Hello "; std::cout << "World";

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a. Hello World b. World Hello c. Hello World d. World Hello

ANS: a. Hello World 2.3 Q3: Which of the following is the escape character? a. * b. \ c. \n d. "

ANS: b. \ 2.3 Q4: Which of the following code segments prints a single line containing hello there with the words separated by a single space? a. std::cout << "hello "; std::cout << " there";

b. std::cout << "hello" , c. std::cout << "hello";

" there";

std::cout << "there";

d. std::cout << "hello"; std::cout << " there";

ANS: d. std::cout << "hello"; std::cout << " there";

Section 2.4 Another C++ Program: Adding Integers 2.4 Q1: Which of the following is a variable declaration statement? a. int total; b. #include <iostream> c. int main() d. // first string entered by user

ANS: a. int total; 2.4 Q2: The ________ object enables a program to read data from the user. a. std::cout. b. std::cin. c. std::cread. d. std::cget.

ANS:b. std::cin.

2.4 Q3: The assignment operator ________ assigns the value of the expression on its right to the variable on its left. a. <b. -> c. = d. #

ANS: c. =.

2.4 Q4: The std::endl stream manipulator________. a. inputs a newline. b. flushes the output buffer. c. outputs a newline and flushes the output buffer. d. terminates the program.

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ANS: c. outputs a newline and flushes the output buffer.

2.4 Q5: Which of the following uses C++11's list initialization to initialize count to 0? a. int count = 0; b. int count[0]; c. int count(0); d. int count{0}; ANS: d. int count{0};

Section 2.5 Memory Concepts 2.5 Q1: Which of the following statements does not overwrite a preexisting value stored in a memory location? a. int a; b. number = 12; c. y = y + 2; d. width = length; ANS: a. int a;

2.5 Q2: Which of the following statements could potentially change the value of number2? a. std::cin >> number2; b. sum = number1 + number2; c. number1 = number2; d. std::cout << number2; ANS: a. std::cin >> number2;

Section 2.6 Arithmetic 2.6 Q1: What is the value of result after the following C++ statements execute? int a{4}; int b{12}; int c{37}; int d{51}; int result{d % a * c + a % b + a};

a. 119 b. 51 c. 127 d. 59 ANS: a. 119.

2.6 Q2: In what order would the following operators be evaluated -, *, /, +, %

Assume that if two operations have the same precedence, the one listed first will be evaluated first.

a. +, -, /, *, % b. -, +, %, *, / c. -, *, %, +, / d. *, /, %, -, + ANS: d. *, /, %, -, +

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2.6 Q3: Which of the following is not an arithmetic operator? a. + b. c. = d. %

ANS: c. =

Section 2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 2.7 Q1: What will be the output after the following C++ statements have been executed? int a{4}; int b{12}; int c{37}; int d{51}; if (a < b) { cout << "a < b" << endl; } if (a > b) { cout << "a > b" << endl; } if (d <= c) { cout << "d <= c" << endl; } if (c != d) { cout << "c != d" << endl; } a. b. c. d.

a < b c != d a < b d <= c c != d a > b c != d a < b c < d a != b

ANS: a. a < b c != d

2.7 Q2: Which of the following is a compilation error? a. Neglecting to declare a local variable in a function before it is used. b. Using a triple equals sign instead of a double equals sign in the condition of an if statement. c. Omitting the left and right parentheses for the condition of an if statement. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

2.7 Q3: Each of the following is a relational or equality operator except: a. <= b. =! c. == d. >

ANS: b. =!

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Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes, Objects and Strings Section 3.1 Introduction 3.1 Q1: Each class you create becomes a new ________ you can use to declare variables and create objects. a. variable b. object c. type d. access modifier ANS: c. type 3.1 Q2: C++ is a(n) ________ programming language because you can define new class types as needed. a. strongly typed b. extensible c. inextensible d. None of the above.

ANS: b. extensible Section 3.2 Test-Driving an Account Object 3.2 Q1: A main function can “drive” an object by calling its member functions—without knowing how the class is implemented. In this sense, main is referred to as a(n) ________ program. a. manipulator b. driver c. controller d. operator ANS: b. driver Section 3.2.1 Instantiating an Object 3.2.1 Q1: Typically, you cannot call a member function of a class until you create a(n) ________ of that class. a. object b. image c. header d. constructor ANS: a. object Section 3.2.2 Headers and Source-Code Files 3.2.2 Q1: Which of the following statements is true? a. The compiler knows about fundamental types that are “built into” C++. b. A new type that you create is known as a user-defined type. c. New classes, when packaged properly, can be reused by other programmers. d. All of the above are true.

ANS: d. All of the above are true.

3.2.2 Q2: A header file is typically given the filename extension: a. .h b. .hdr c. .header d. .cpp ANS: a. .h 3.2.2 Q3: Files ending in .cpp are known as ________ files. a. executable b. secure C++ c. source-code d. class ..

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ANS: c. source-code Section 3.2.3 Calling Class Account’s getName Member Function 3.2.3 Q1: To call a member function for a specific object, you specify the object’s name, followed by a(n) ________, then the member function name and a set of parentheses. a. dot operator b. colon c. :: d. -> ANS: a. dot operator Section 3.2.4 Inputting a string with getline 3.2.4 Q1: Functions that are not members of a class are called ________ functions. a. isolated b. global c. universal d. general ANS: b. global 3.2.4 Q2: C++ Standard Library function getline, from the <string> header, reads characters up to, but not including, a(n)________ (which is discarded), then places the characters in a string. a. tab b. period c. newline d. \ ANS: c. newline 3.2.4 Q3: Assuming that text is a variable of type string, what will be the contents of text after the statement cin >> text; is executed if the user types Hello World! then presses Enter? a. "H" b. "Hello" c. "Hello World" d. "Hello World!"

ANS: b. Hello Section 3.2.5 Calling Class Account’s setName Member Function 3.2.5 Q1: A member-function call can supply ________ that help the function perform its task. a. parameters b. arguments c. classes d. frameworks ANS: b. arguments Section 3.3.1 Account Class Definition (none) Section 3.3.2 Keyword class and the Class Body 3.3.2 Q1: Which of the following statements is true? a. A class’s body is enclosed in an opening left brace and a closing right brace. b. A class definition terminates with a required semicolon. c. Typically, each class definition is placed in a separate header with the .h filename extension. d. All of the above are ture.

ANS: d. All of the above are ture. ..

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3.3.2 Q2. Which of the following statements is false? a. Class names, member function names and data member names are all identifiers. b. By convention, variable-name identifiers begin with an uppercase letter, and every word in the name after the first word begins with a capital letter; this naming convention is known as camel case. c. Also by convention, class names begin with an initial uppercase letter, and member function and data member names begin with an initial lowercase letter. d. All of the above are true.

ANS: b. By convention, variable-name identifiers begin with an uppercase letter, and every word in the name after the first word begins with a capital letter; this naming convention is known as camel case. Actually, by convention, variable-name identifiers begin with a lowercase letter, and every word in the name after the first word begins with a capital letter; this naming convention is known as camel case.

Section 3.3.3 Data Member name of Type string 3.3.3 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. Each object of a class shares one copy of the class’s data members. b. An object’s data members exist before a program calls member functions on an object, while they are executing and after the member functions complete execution. c. Data members are declared inside a class definition but outside its member functions’ bodies. d. Headers should never contain using directives or using declarations.

ANS: a. Each object of a class shares one copy of the class’s data members. Actually, each object of a class has its own copy of the class’s data members.

3.3.3 Q2: The default value for a string is ________. a. null b. void c. blanks d. the empty string ANS: d. the empty string Section 3.3.4 setName Member Function 3.3.4 Q1: The return type ________ indicates that when a function completes its task, it does not return (i.e., give back) any information to its calling function. a. null b. virtual c. nullptr d. void ANS: d. void 3.3.4 Q2: Which of the following statements is false? a. The number and order of arguments in a function call must match the number and order of parameters in the function definition’s parameter list. b. Every function body is delimited by an opening left brace and a closing right brace. Within the braces are one or more statements that perform the function’s task(s). c. When program execution reaches a function’s closing brace, the function returns to its caller. d. None of the above is false. ..

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ANS: d. None of the above is false.

3.3.4 Q3: Which of the following statements is false? a. Variables declared in a particular function’s body are local variables, which can be used only in that function. b. When a function terminates, the values of its local variables are preserved. c. A function’s parameters also are local variables of that function. d. The argument types in the member function call must be consistent with the types of the corresponding parameters in the member function’s definition.

ANS: b. When a function terminates, the values of its local variables are preserved. Actually, when a function terminates, the values of its local variables are lost.

Section 3.3.5 getName Member Function 3.3.5 Q1: The ________ statement passes a value back to a function’s caller. a. recover b. restore c. pass d. return ANS: d. return 3.3.5 Q2: A member function that does not, and should not, modify the object on which it’s called is declared with ________ to the right of its parameter list. a. final b. const c. firm d. immutable ANS: b. const Section 3.3.6 Access Specifiers private and public 3.3.6 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. The keyword private is an access specifier. b. Access specifiers are always followed by a semicolon (;). c. A private data member is accessible only to its class’s member functions. d. Most data-member declarations appear after the private access specifier.

ANS: b. Access specifiers are always followed by a semicolon ( ;). Actually, access specifiers are always followed by a colon (:).

3.3.6 Q2: Which of the following statements is false? a. Variables or functions listed after the public access specifier (and before the next access specifier, if there is one) are “available to the public.” They can be used by other functions in the program, and by member functions of other classes. b. By default, everything in a class is private, unless you specify otherwise. c. You must list an access specifier for every member. d. Declaring data members private is known as data hiding. private data members are encapsulated (hidden) in an object and can be accessed only by member functions of the object’s class.

ANS: c. You must list an access specifier for every member. Actually, once you list an access specifier, everything from that point has that access until you list another access specifier.

Section 3.3.7 Account UML Class Diagram 3.3.7 Q1: Which statement about UML class diagrams is true? a. UML class diagrams can be used to summarize a class’s attributes and operations. b. In the UML, each class is modeled in a class diagram as a rectangle with three compartments. c. The top compartment contains the class name centered horizontally in boldface type and the middle compartment contains the class’s attribute names, which correspond to the data members of a class. d. All of the above are true.

ANS: d. All of the above are true.

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3.3.7 Q2: d. The UML models operations by listing the operation name preceded by an access modifier. A(n) ________ indicates a public operation in the UML. a. b. + c. p d. * ANS: b. +

Section 3.4 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors 3.4 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. Each class can define a constructor for custom object initialization. b. A constructor is a special member function that must have the same name as the class. c. C++ requires a constructor call for every object that’s created. d. A constructor cannot specify parameters.

ANS: d. A constructor cannot specify parameters. Actually, like member functions, a constructor can specify parameters—the corresponding argument values help initialize the object’s data members.

Section 3.4.1 Declaring an Account Constructor for Custom Object Initialization 3.4.1 Q1: Normally, constructors are ________. a. private b. protected c. privy d. public ANS: d. public 3.4.1 Q2: Which of the following statements is false? a. A constructor that specifies a single parameter should be declared implicit. b. A constructor does not specify a return type, because constructors cannot return values. c. Constructors cannot be declared const (because initializing an object modifies it). d. None of the above statements is false.

ANS: a. A constructor that specifies a single parameter should be declared implicit. Actually, a constructor that specifies a single parameter should be declared explicit.

Section 3.4.2 Initializing Account Objects When They’re Created 3.4.2 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. The default constructor does not initialize the class’s fundamental-type data members, but does call the default constructor for each data member that’s an object of another class. b. A string’s default constructor initializes the object to the empty string. c. An uninitialized fundamental-type variable is implicitly initialized to zero. d. If a class defines a constructor, the compiler will not create a default constructor for that class.

ANS: c. An uninitialized fundamental-type variable is implicitly initialized to zero. Actually, an uninitialized fundamental-type variable contains an undefined (“garbage”) value.

3.4.2 Q2: A default constructor has how many parameters? a. 0. b. 1. c. 2. d. Variable number.

ANS: a. 0.

3.4.2 Q3: The compiler will implicitly create a default constructor if: a. The class does not contain any data members. b. The programmer specifically requests that the compiler do so. c. The class does not define any constructors. ..

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d. The class already defines a default constructor.

ANS: c. The class does not define any constructors.

Section 3.4.3 Account UML Class Diagram with a Constructor 3.4.3 Q1: Which of the following statements about UML class diagrams is false? a. Like operations, the UML models constructors in the third compartment of a class diagram. b. To distinguish a constructor from the class’s operations, the UML requires that the word “constructor” be enclosed in guillemets and placed before the constructor’s name. c. It’s customary to list constructors before other operations in the third compartment. d. All of the above are true.

ANS: d. All of the above are true.

Section 3.5 Software Engineering with Set and Get Member Functions 3.5 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. Through the use of set and get member functions, you can validate attempted modifications to private data and control how that data is presented to the caller. b. A client of a class is any other code that calls the class’s member functions. c. Any client code can see a private data member and do whatever it wants with it, including setting it to an invalid value. d. Tightly controlling the access to and presentation of private data can greatly reduce errors, while increasing the usability, robustness and security of your programs.

ANS: c. Any client code can see a private data member and do whatever it wants with it, including setting it to an invalid value. Actually, any client code can see a public data member and do whatever it wants with it, including setting it to an invalid value.

Section 3.6.1 Data Member balance 3.6.1 Q1: You can initialize fundamental-type data members in their declarations. This is known as a(n) ________ initializer and was introduced in C++11. a. explicit b. implicit c. global d. in-class initializer ANS: d. in-class initializer

Section 3.6.2 Two-Parameter Constructor with Validation (none) Section 3.6.3 deposit Member Function with Validation (none)

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Chapter 4: Control Statements, Part 1; Assignment, ++ and -- Operators

Section 4.2 Algorithms 4.2 Q1: Specifying the order in which statements are to be executed in a computer program is called: a. An algorithm. b. Transfer of control. c. Program control. d. Pseudocode.

ANS c. Program control.

Section 4.3 Pseudocode 4.3 Q1: Which of the following is true of pseudocode? a. It is executed by the computer. b. It helps the programmer “think out” a program. c. It includes declarations and all types of statements. d. All of the above are false.

ANS b. It helps the programmer “think out” a program.

4.3 Q2: Pseudocode normally does not include: a. Declarations. b. Input/output. c. Algorithms. d. Control structures.

ANS: a. Declarations.

Section 4.4 Control Structures 4.4 Q1: Which of the following encompasses the other three? a. Sequence structure. b. Repetition structure. c. Control structure. d. Selection structure.

ANS c. Control structure.

Sequence Structure in C++ 4.4 Q2: In an activity diagram for an algorithm, what does a solid circle surrounded by a hollow circle represent? a. Initial state. b. Final state. c. Action state. d. Transition.

ANS: b. Final state.

Selection Statements in C++ 4.4 Q3: Which of the following is a double-selection statement? a. if. b. if…else. c. do…while. d. switch.

ANS: b. if…else.

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Repetition Statements in C++ 4.4 Q4: Which of the following is a repetition structure? a. if. b. if…else. c. do…while. d. switch.

ANS: c. do…while.

4.4 Q5 [C++11]: Which of the following is not a keyword that was added to C++ in the new C++11 standard? a. nullptr. b. operator. c. constexpr. d. noexcept.

ANS: b. operator.

Section 4.5 if Selection Statement 4.5 Q1: If grade has the value of 60, what will the following code display? if (grade >= 60) { cout << "Passed"; }

a. nothing. b. 60 c. Passed d. cout << "Passed"; ANS: c. Passed.

4.5 Q2: The data type bool: a. Can take on values true and false. b. Can take on any expression as a value. c. Can take on values -1, 0 or 1. d. Can only be used in a selection statement.

ANS: a. Can take on values true and false.

Section 4.6 if…else Double-Selection Statement Conditional Operator (?:) 4.6 Q1: The conditional operator (?:): a. Is the only ternary operator in C++. b. Is a unary operator. c. Associates from left to right. d. Accepts two operands.

ANS: a. Is the only ternary operator in C++.

4.6 Q2: Which of the following does not display correct if answer is equal to 7 and incorrect if answer is not equal to 7? a. if (answer == 7) { cout << "correct"; } else { cout << "incorrect"; } b. cout << answer == 7 ? "correct" : "incorrect"; c. cout << (answer == 7 ? "correct" : "incorrect"); d. answer == 7 ? cout << "correct" : cout << "incorrect"; ANS: b. cout << answer == 7 ? "correct" : "incorrect";

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Blocks 4.6 Q3: A block: a. Must contain exactly three statements. b. Cannot contain declarations. c. Is a compound statement. d. Is represented by placing a semicolon (;) where a statement would normally be.

ANS: c. Is a compound statement.

Section 4.7 Student Class: Nested if…Else Statements.

4.7 Q1: Which of the following statements about nested if…else statements is true? a. An if…else statement may not be nested in another nested if…else. b. Each if…else statement must contain only a simple condition. c. In an if body, an inner if…else executes only if the outer if statement's condition is true. d. The statement(s) in an inner if always execute(s) if its condition is true.

ANS: c. The inner if…else executes only if the outer's condition is true.

Section 4.8 while Iteration Statement 4.8 Q1: What is wrong with the following while loop? while (sum <= 1000) { sum = sum – 30; } a. The parentheses should be braces. b. There should be a semicolon after while (sum <= 1000). c. sum = sum – 30 should be sum = sum + 30 or else the loop may never end. d. None of the above.

ANS: c. sum = sum – 30 should be sum = sum + 30 or else the loop may never end.

4.8 Q2: How many times will the following loop print hello? i = 1; while (i <= 10) { cout << "hello"; }

a. 0. b. 9. c. 10. d. An infinite number of times.

ANS: d. An infinite number of times.

Section 4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition 4.9 Q1: An uninitialized local variable contains: a. The value last stored in the memory location reserved for that variable . b. No value. c. A value of zero. d. A randomly assigned value.

ANS: a. The value last stored in the memory location reserved for that variable.

4.9 Q2: Using a while loop’s counter-control variable in a calculation after the loop ends often causes a common logic error called: a. A fatal logic error. b. A counter exception. c. A syntax error. d. An off-by-one error. ..

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ANS: d. An off-by-one error.

Section 4.10 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 4.10 Q1: What is the final value of x after performing the following operations? int x{21}; double y{6}; double z{14}; y = x / z; x = 5.5 * y; a. 8.25. b. 5.5. c. 5. d. 8.

ANS: a. 8.25.

4.10 Q2: Which operation does not take place in the following example? int x{21}; double y{6}; double z{14}; y = x / z; x = 5.5 * y; a. Implicit conversion. b. Promotion. c. Explicit conversion. d. Truncation.

ANS: a. Explicit conversion.

Section 4.11 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements 4.11 Q1: Having a loop within a loop is known as: a. Recursion. b. Doubling up. c. Nesting. d. Stacking.

ANS: c. Nesting.

4.11 Q2 [C++11]: Which of the following statements initializes the unsigned int variable counter to 10? a. unsigned int counter = 10; b. unsigned int counter = {10}; c. unsigned int counter{10}; d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

4.11 Q3 [C++11]: Which of the following is true? a. Assigning a double value to an int does not lose any data. b. For fundamental-type variables, list-initialization syntax prevents narrowing conversions that could result in data loss. c. For fundamental-type variables, list-initialization syntax allows narrowing conversions that could result in data loss. d. None of the above.

ANS: b. For fundamental-type variables, list-initialization syntax prevents so-called narrowing conversions that could result in data loss.

Section 4.12 Compound Assignment Operators 4.12 Q1: If x initially contains the value 3, which of the following sets x to 7? a. x ++ 4; b. x += 4; c. x =+ 4; d. x + 4 = x; ..

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ANS: b. x += 4; 4.12 Q2: Assuming that x and y are equal to 3 and 2, respectively, after the statement x -= y executes, the values of x and y will be: a. x: 5; y: 3 b. x: 3; y: -1 c. x: 3; y: 5 d. x: 1; y: 2 ANS: d. x: 1; y: 2.

Section 4.13 Increment and Decrement Operators 4.13 Q1: Which of the following will not increment c by 1? a. c + 1; b. c++; c. ++c; d. c += 1; ANS: a. c + 1;

4.13 Q2: Assuming that x is equal to 4, which of the following statements will not result in y containing the value 5 after execution? a. y = 5; b. y = x++; c. y = ++x; d. y = x + 1 ANS: b. y = x++;

4.13 Q3: Which of the following operations has the highest precedence? a. Postincrement. b. Multiplication. c. Addition. d. Assignment.

ANS: a. Postincrement.

Section 4.14 Fundamental Types Are Not Portable 4.14 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. C++ requires all variables to have a type. b. C++ fundamental types are portable. c. ints may be 64 bits on some machines. d. C++ programmers frequently have to write different versions of programs for different platforms.

ANS: b. C++ fundamental types are portable.

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Chapter 5: Control Statements, Part 2; Logical Operators

Section 5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Iteration 5.2 Q1: Which of the following does counter-controlled iteration require? a. An initial value. b. A condition that tests for the final value. c. An increment or decrement by which the control variable is modified each time through the loop. d. All of the above.

ANS d. All of the above.

5.2 Q2: Which of the following is a poor programming practice? a. Indenting the statements in the body of each control structure. b. Using floating-point values for counters in counter-controlled iteration. c. Nesting multiple iteration structures. d. Placing vertical spacing above and below control structures.

ANS b. Using floating-point values for counters in counter-controlled iteration.

Section 5.3 for Iteration Statement 5.3 Q1: If a variable is declared in the initialization expression of a for statement, then: a. It is automatically reinitialized to zero once the loop is finished. b. The scope of the variable is restricted to that for loop. c. It retains its final value after the loop is finished. d. It can not be used in any structures that are nested in that for structure.

ANS b. The scope of the variable is restricted to that particular for loop.

5.3 Q2: Which of the following is false? a. The three expressions in the for structure are optional. b. The initialization and increment expressions can be comma-separated lists. c. You must declare the control variable outside of the for loop. d. A for loop can always be used to replace a while loop, and vice versa.

ANS c. You must declare the control variable outside of the for loop.

5.3 Q3: Consider the execution of the following for loop for (int x = 1; x < 5; increment) { cout << x + 1 << endl; }

If the last value printed is 5, which of the following might have been used for increment? a. x++ b. x += 1 c. ++x d. Any of the above.

ANS d. Any of the above.

Section 5.4 Examples Using the for Statement 5.5 Q1: Which of the following for headers produces the values from 27 through 3, decrementing by 3? a. for (unsigned int i{27}; i <= 3; i += 3) b. for (unsigned int i{27}; i >= 3; i -= 3) c. for (unsigned int i{27}; i > 3; i -= 3) d. All of the above.

ANS b. for (unsigned int i{27}; i >= 3; i -= 3)

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Section 5.5 Application: Summing Even Integers 5.5 Q1: Which of the following for headers is not valid? a. for (int i{0}; i < 10; i++) b. int i{0}; for (; i < 10; i++)

c. for (int i{0}; int j{5}; ; i++) d. All of the above.

ANS c. for (int i{0}; int j{5}; ; i++).

Section 5.6 Application: Compound-Interest Calculations 5.6 Q1: float and double variables should be used: a. To perform monetary calculations. b. As counters. c. To store true/false values. d. As approximate representations of decimal numbers.

ANS: d. As approximate representations of decimal numbers.

5.6 Q2: Which of the following is a parameterized stream manipulator used to format output? a. setw b. right c. left d. fixed ANS: a. setw

Section 5.7 Case Study: Integer-Based Monetary Calculations with Class DollarAmount 5.7 Q1: Which of the following is false? a. There are representational errors, when precise decimal dollar amounts and interest rates are stored as doubles. b. There are many currencies worldwide, with different conventions for thousands separators, decimal separators, currency symbols, and more. c. C++11’s long long type supports values in the range –2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647 as a minimum. d. C++11's int64_t type supports the exact range –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.

ANS: c. C++11’s long long type supports values in the range –2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647 as a minimum.

Actually, C++11’s long long type supports values in the range –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 as a minimum.

Section 5.8 do…while Iteration Statement 5.8 Q1: If a do…while structure is used: a. An infinite loop cannot take place. b. Counter-controlled iteration is not possible. c. The body of the loop will execute at least once. d. An off-by-one error cannot occur.

ANS: c. The body of the loop will execute at least once.

5.8 Q2: What will the following program segment do? int counter{1}; do { cout << counter << " "; } while (++counter <= 10);

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ANS: b. Print the numbers 1 through 10.

Section 5.9 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 5.9 Q1: A switch statement should be used: a. As a single-selection structure. b. As a double-selection structure. c. As a multiple-selection structure. d. To replace all if…else statements.

ANS: c. As a multiple-selection structure.

5.9 Q2: In a switch statement: a. A break is required after each case. b. Multiple actions in a case do not need to be enclosed in braces. c. A default case is required. d. A break is required after the default case.

ANS: b. Multiple actions do not need to be enclosed in braces.

5.9 Q3: Which of the following is correct when labeling cases in a switch structure? a. case1: b. Case1: c. case 1: d. Case 1: ANS: c. case 1: 5.9 Q4: switch can be used to test: a. int constants. b. float constants. c. string constants. d. all types of constants.

ANS: a. int constants.

5.9 Q5: Which of the following data types can be used to represent integers? a. char b. long c. short d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

5.9 Q6 [C++11]: Which of the following is true? a. You can initialize data members of a class only in the class’s constructor. b. C++11 allows you to provide a default value for a data member when you declare it in the class declaration. c. You cannot initialize data members of a class. d. None of the above ANS: b. C++11 allows you to provide a default value for a data member when you declare it in the class declaration.

Section 5.10.1 break Statement 5.10.1 Q1: Which of the following is false? e. break and continue statements alter the flow of control. f. continue statements skip the remaining statements in current iteration of the body of the loop in which they are embedded. g. break statements exit from the loop in which they are embedded. h. continue and break statements may be embedded only within iteration statements.

ANS: d. continue and break statements may be embedded only within iteration statements.

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5.10.2 Q1: Which of the following is false? a. The effects of break and continue statements can be achieved by structured programming techniques. b. break and continue statements can make a program perform faster than with the corresponding structured techniques. c. Many programmers feel that break and continue violate structured programming. d. You should always try to write the fastest, smallest code possible before attempting to make it simple and correct.

ANS: d. You should always try to write the fastest, smallest code possible before attempting to make it simple and correct.

Section 5.11 Logical Operators 5.11 Q1: In C++, the condition (4 > y > 1): a. Evaluates correctly and could be replaced by (4 > y && y > 1). b. Does not evaluate correctly and should be replaced by (4 > y && y > 1). c. Evaluates correctly and could not be replaced by (4 > y && y > 1). d. Does not evaluate correctly and should not be replaced by (4 > y && y > 1).

ANS: b. Does not evaluate correctly and should be replaced by (4 > y && y > 1).

5.11 Q2: The OR (||) operator: a. Has higher precedence than the AND (&&) operator. b. Stops evaluation upon finding one condition to be true. c. Associates from right to left. d. Is a ternary operator.

ANS: b. Stops evaluation upon finding one condition to be true.

5.11 Q3: An operator that associates from right to left is: a. != b. , c. () d. ?: ANS: d. ?: 5.11 Q4: The expression if (num != 65) cannot be replaced by: a. if (num > 65 || num < 65) b. if (!(num == 65)) c. if (num – 65) d. if (!(num – 65)) ANS: d. if (!(num – 65)) 5.11 Q5: An example of a unary operator is: a. The < relational operator. b. The = assignment operator. c. The % arithmetic operator. d. The ! logical operator.

ANS: d. The ! logical operator.

Section 5.12 Confusing Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators 5.12 Q1: Variables are also known as: a. lvalues, but can be used as rvalues. b. lvalues, and cannot be used as rvalues. c. rvalues, and cannot be used as lvalues. d. Constant variables.

ANS: a. lvalues, but can be used as rvalues.

5.12 Q2: Consider the following code, assuming that x is an int with an initial value of 12 if(x = 6) { cout << x; }

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What is the output? a. 6 b. 12 c. Nothing. d. A syntax error is produced.

ANS: a. 6 5.12 Q3: Of the following, which is not a logic error? a. Not placing curly braces around the body of an if that contains two statements. b. Using == to assign a value to a variable. c. Failing to initialize counter and total variables before the body of a loop. d. Using commas instead of the two required semicolons in a for header.

ANS: d. Using commas instead of the two required semicolons in a for header.

Section 5.13 Structured Programming Summary 5.13 Q1: The ____________, __________ and ____________ are the only three forms of control necessary. a. switch, if, else. b. sequence, selection, iteration. c. break, continue, if…else. d. for, while, do…while.

ANS: b. sequence, selection, iteration.

5.13 Q2: Which of the following is not one of the C++ control structures? a. if b. switch c. break d. do…while ANS: c. break 5.13 Q3: Which of the following is not one the rules for forming structured programs? a. Begin with the “simplest activity diagram.” b. Any transition arrow can be reversed. c. Any action state can be replaced by two action states in sequence. d. Any action state can be replaced by any control statement.

ANS: b. Any transition arrow can be reversed.

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Chapter 6: Functions and an Introduction to Recursion Section 6.2 Program Components in C++ 6.2 Q1: All of the following are true of functions except: a. They define specific tasks that can be used at many points in a program. b. A function call must specify the name and arguments of the function. c. The definition of a function usually is visible to other functions. d. The implementation of a function is hidden from the caller.

ANS c. The definition of a function usually is visible to other functions.

6.2 Q2: Functions can: a. Be used as building blocks to create new programs. b. Return a result to the caller function. c. Be reused any number of times. d. Do all of the above.

ANS d. Do all of the above.

Section 6.3 Math Library Functions 6.3 Q1: Which of the following expressions returns the trigonometric sine of x? a. sin(x). b. sine(x). c. trig_sin(x). d. trig_sine(x).

ANS a. sin(x).

6.3 Q2: Which of the following is not included in <cmath>? a. pow. b. floor. c. ln. d. log.

ANS c. ln.

Section 6.4 Function Prototypes 6.4 Q1: The function prototype double mySqrt(int x);

a. Declares a function called mySqrt which takes an integer as an argument and returns a double. b. Defines a function called double which calculates square roots. c. Defines a function called mySqrt which takes an argument of type x and returns a double. d. Declares a function called mySqrt which takes a double as an argument and returns an integer.

ANS: a. Declares a function called mySqrt which takes an integer as an argument and returns a double.

6.4 Q2: Using the following function definition, the parameter list is represented by: A B (C) { D }

a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. ANS c. C.

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6.4 Q3: The argument list of a function call must match, or be consistent with, the parameter list of the called function in all of the following details, except: a. The number of arguments/parameters in the list. b. The types of arguments/parameters in the list. c. The names of arguments/parameters in the list. d. The argument list and parameter list must match in all of the above details.

ANS: c. The names of arguments/parameters in the list.

Section 6.5 Function-Prototype and Argument Coercion Notes 6.5 Q1: A function prototype does not have to: a. Include parameter names. b. Terminate with a semicolon. c. Agree with the function definition. d. Match with all calls to the function.

ANS: a. Include parameter names.

6.5 Q2: A function prototype can always be omitted when: a. A function is defined before it is first invoked. b. A function is invoked before it is first defined. c. A function takes no arguments. d. A function does not return a value.

ANS: a. A function is defined before it is first invoked.

6.5 Q3: Converting from type ________ to type ________ will result in the loss of data. a. bool, char. b. float, double. c. int, char. d. short, long.

ANS: c. int, char.

Section 6.6 C++ Standard Library Headers 6.6 Q1: Each standard library has a corresponding: a. Function. b. Variable type. c. Header. d. CD-ROM. ANS: c. Header.

6.6 Q2: Which of the following C++ Standard Library headers does not contain a C++ Standard Library container class? a. <vector>. b. <list>. c. <stack>. d. <string>.

ANS: d. <string>.

Section 6.7 Case Study: Random-Number Generation 6.7 Q1: The rand function generates a data value of the type: a. unsigned int. b. int. c. long int. d. short int.

ANS: a. unsigned int.

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6.7 Q2: A variable that can have values only in the range 0 to 65535 is a: a. Four-byte int. b. Four-byte unsigned int. c. Two-byte int. d. Two-byte unsigned int.

ANS: d. Two-byte unsigned int.

6.7 Q3: In the expression n = x + rand() % y;

a. y is the shifting value. b. x is the scaling value. c. y is the scaling value. d. Both (a) and (b).

ANS: c. y is the scaling value.

6.7 Q4: Which of the following is true? a. C++ does not provide any capabilities for generating random numbers that cannot be predicted. b. C++11 provides random number capabilities that can produce nondeterministic random numbers—a set of random numbers that can’t be predicted. c. Random numbers produced by the rand function are nondeterministic. d. None of the above.

ANS: c. C++11 provides random number capabilities that can produce nondeterministic random numbers—a set of random numbers that can’t be predicted.

6.7 Q5: To make numeric literals more readable, C++14 allows you to insert between groups of digits in numeric literals the digit separator ' (a single-quote character). a. , (a comma) b. ^ (a caret) c. ' (a single quote) d. * (an asterisk) ANS: c. ' (a single-quote).

Section 6.8 Case Study: Game of Chance; Introducing Scoped enums 6.8 Q1: Enumeration constants: a. Must have unique integer values. b. Can be assigned other values once they’ve been defined. c. Must have unique identifiers. d. Are declared using the keyword const.

ANS: c. Must have unique identifiers.

6.8 Q2: Which of the following is not a valid enumeration? a. enum class Person {ME, YOU, THEM};. b. enum class Person {ME = 1, YOU = 2, THEM = 3};. c. enum class Person {ME = 0, YOU = 0, THEM = 0};. d. enum class Person {ME, YOU, ME};.

ANS: d. enum class Person {ME, YOU, ME}; 6.8 Q3: [C++11] Which of the following statements about scoped enumerations is false? a. A scoped enumeration is introduced by the keywords enum class, followed by a type name and a set of identifiers representing integer constants. b. The identifiers in an enum class must be unique, but separate enumeration constants can have the same integer value. c. By convention, you should capitalize the first letter of an enum class’s name. d. To reference a scoped enum constant, you must qualify the constant with the scoped enum’s type name and the scope-resolution operator (:), as in MaritalStatus:SINGLE. ANS: d. To reference a scoped enum constant, you must qualify the constant with the scoped enum’s type name and the scope-resolution operator (:), as in MaritalStatus:SINGLE. Actually, d. To reference a scoped enum constant, you must qualify the constant with the scoped enum’s type name and the scope-resolution operator (::), as in MaritalStatus::SINGLE. ..

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6.8 Q4: [C++11]—Which of the following statements is false? a. An enumeration’s constants have integer values. b. An unscoped enum’s underlying type is independent of its constants’ values but is guaranteed to be large enough to store those values. c. A scoped enum’s underlying integral type is int, but you can specify a different type by following the type name with a colon (:) and the integral type. For example, we can specify that the constants in the enum class Status should have type unsigned int, as in enum class Status : unsigned int {CONTINUE, WON, LOST};

d. A compilation error occurs if an enum constant’s value is outside the range that can be represented by the enum’s underlying type.

ANS: b. An unscoped enum’s underlying type is independent of its constants’ values but is guaranteed to be large enough to store those values. Actually, an unscoped enum’s underlying type depends on its constants’ values and is guaranteed to be large enough to store its constants’ values.

Section 6.9 C++11 Random Numbers 6.9 Q1[C++11]: Which of the following is false? a. An engine implements a random-number generation algorithm that produce pseudorandom numbers. b. A distribution controls the range of values produced by an engine, the types of those and the statistical properties of the values. c. The default range of a uniform_int_distribution is from 0 to 32767. d. C++11 provides many classes that represent various random-number generation engines and distributions.

ANS: c. The default range of a uniform_int_distribution is from 0 to 32767. (The default range is actually from 0 to the maximum value of an int on your platform.)

6.9 Q2[C++11]: Which of the following statements creates a uniform_int_distribution object for producing values in the range -10 to 20? a. uniform_int_distribution<unsigned int> randomInt{20, -10}; b. uniform_int_distribution<unsigned int> randomInt{-10, 20}; c. uniform_int_distribution<int> randomInt{20, -10}; d. uniform_int_distribution<int> randomInt{-10, 20}; ANS: d. uniform_int_distribution<int> randomInt{-10, 20};

Section 6.10 Scope Rules 6.10 Q1: Labels are the only identifiers with: a. Function scope. b. File scope. c. Block scope. d. Function-prototype scope.

ANS: a. Function scope.

6.10 Q2: What happens when two blocks, one nested inside of the other, both declare variables with the same identifier? (Assume that the outer block declares its variable before the opening left-brace of the inner block.) a. A syntax error occurs. b. The “outer” variable is hidden while the “inner” variable is in scope . c. The “outer” variable is irretrievably lost when the “inner” variable is declared . d. The “inner” declaration is ignored and the “outer” variable has scope even inside the inner block .

ANS: b. The “outer” variable is hidden while the “inner” variable is in scope .

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Section 6.11 Function Call Stack and Activation Records 6.11 Q1: An activation record will be popped off the function call stack whenever: a. A function returns control to its caller. b. A function calls another function. c. A function calls itself. d. A function declares a local variable.

ANS: a. A function returns control to its caller.

6.11 Q2: Which of the following is not included in a function’s activation record? a. The return address of its caller function. b. Parameter values received from its caller. c. Local variables it has declared. d. The name of the function.

ANS: d. The name of the function.

Section 6.12 Inline Functions 6.12 Q1: The inline keyword: a. Increases function-call overhead. b. Can reduce a function’s execution time but increase program size. c. Can decrease program size but increase the function’s execution time. d. Should be used with all frequently used functions.

ANS: b. Can reduce a function’s execution time but increase program size.

Section 6.13 References and Reference Parameters 6.13 Q1: When an argument is passed-by-value, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable’s value; when an argument is passed call-by-reference, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable’s value. a. Do not, do. b. Do not, do not. c. Do, do. d. Do, do not.

ANS: a. Do not, do.

6.13 Q2: A reference parameter: a. Is an alias for its corresponding argument. b. Is declared by following the parameter’s type in the function prototype by an ampersand ( &). c. Cannot be modified. d. Both (a) and (b).

ANS: d. Both (a) and (b).

6.13 Q3: Call-by-reference can achieve the security of call-by-value when: a. The value being passed is small. b. A large argument is passed in order to improve performance. c. A pointer to the argument is used. d. The const qualifier is used.

ANS: d. The const qualifier is used.

Section 6.14 Default Arguments 6.14 Q1: In regards to default arguments, which of the following is false? a. When an argument is omitted in a function call, the default value of that argument is automatically inserted by the compiler and passed in the function call. b. They must be the rightmost (trailing) arguments in a function’s parameter list. c. Default values can be constants. d. Default values cannot be global variables or function calls.

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6.14 Q2: If the function int volume(int x = 1, int y = 1, int z = 1); is called by the expression volume(3), how many default arguments are used? a. None. b. One. c. Two. d. Three.

ANS: c. Two. Section 6.15 Unary Scope Resolution Operator 6.15 Q1: The unary scope resolution operator is used: a. To access a global variable when a local variable of the same name is in scope. b. To access any variable in an outer block when a local variable of the same name is in scope. c. To access a global variable when it is out of scope. d. To access a local variable with the same name as a global variable.

ANS: a. To access a global variable when a local variable of the same name is in scope.

Section 6.16 Function Overloading 6.16 Q1: Which of the following does the C++ compiler not examine in order to select the proper overloaded function to call? a. Types and order of the arguments in the function call. b. The number of arguments in the function call. c. The return type of the function. d. It examines all of the above.

ANS: c. The return type of the function.

6.16 Q2: Overloaded functions must have: a. Different parameter lists. b. Different return types. c. The same number of parameters. d. The same number of default arguments.

ANS: a. Different parameter lists.

6.16 Q3: Type-safe linkage is ensured by: a. Name mangling. b. Calling the correct function. c. The agreement of the arguments and parameters. d. Specifying return types.

ANS: a. Name mangling.

Section 6.17 Function Templates 6.17 Q1: If a set of functions have the same program logic and operations and differ only in the data type(s) each receives as argument(s) then a(n) __________ should be used. a. Overloaded function. b. Recursive function. c. Macro. d. Function template.

ANS: d. Function template.

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6.17 Q2: Which of the following is true of function templates? a. All function templates begin with the keyword class. b. Every formal type parameter is preceded by either keyword typename or template. c. Formal type parameters act as placeholders for built-in types or user-defined types and are used to specify the types of arguments to the function, to specify the return type of the function, and to declare variables within the body of the function definition. d. A programmer must define a separate function template for each template function specialization to be used in the program.

ANS: c. Formal type parameters act as placeholders for built-in types or user-defined types and are used to specify the types of arguments to the function, to specify the return type of the function, and to declare variables within the body of the function definition.

6.17 Q3: Given the following function template template <typename T> T maximum(T value1, T value2) { if (value1 > value2) { return value1; } else { return } }

value2;

what would be returned by the following two function calls? maximum(2, 5); maximum(2.3, 5.2);

a. 5 and a type-mismatch error. b. 5 and 5.2. c. 2 and 2.3. d. Two error messages.

ANS: b. 5 and 5.2.

Section 6.18 Recursion 6.18 Q1: A recursive function is a function that: a. Returns a double. b. Takes 3 arguments. c. Calls itself, directly or indirectly. d. Is inside of another function.

ANS: c. Calls itself, directly or indirectly.

6.18 Q2: What value does function mystery return when called with a value of 4? int mystery (int number) { if (number <= 1) { return } else { return number * mystery(number – 1); } }

1;

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a. 0. b. 1. c. 4. d. 24.

ANS: d. 24.

6.18 Q3: Recursion is memory-intensive because: a. Recursive functions tend to declare many local variables. b. Previous function calls are still open when the function calls itself and the activation records of these previous calls still occupy space on the call stack. c. Many copies of the function code are created. d. It requires large data values.

ANS: b. Previous function calls are still open when the function calls itself and the activation records of these previous calls still occupy space on the call stack.

6.18 Q4: C++11’s unsigned long long int type (which can be abbreviated as unsigned long long) enables you to store values in at least ________, which can hold numbers as large as 18,446,744,073,709,551,615. a. 2 bytes (16 bits) b. 4 bytes (32 bits) c. 8 bytes (64 bits) d. 16 bytes (128 bits) ANS: c. 8 bytes (64 bits) Section 6.19 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series 6.19 Q1: Assuming the following pseudocode for the Fibonacci series, what is the value of the 5 th Fibonacci number (fibonacci (5))? fibonacci(0) = 0 fibonacci(1) = 1 fibonacci(n) = fibonacci(n – 1) + fibonacci(n – 2) a. 1. b. 3. c. 5. d. 7.

ANS: c. 5.

6.19 Q2: For which of the following operators does C++ not specify the order of evaluation of its operands? a. +. b. &&. c. ,. d. ?:.

ANS: a. +.

Section 6.20 Recursion vs. Iteration 6.20 Q1: Recursion is to the base case as iteration is to what: a. The counter. b. A repetition structure. c. Failure of the loop continuation test. d. A selection structure.

ANS: c. Failure of the loop continuation test.

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6.20 Q2: All of the following are reasons to use recursion except: a. An iterative solution is not apparent. b. The resulting program is easier to debug. c. It more naturally mirrors the problem. d. It maximizes execution performance.

ANS: d. It maximizes execution performance.

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Chapter 7: Class Templates array and vector; Catching Exceptions [Note: The built-in arrays that we covered in this chapter in earlier editions have been replaced with C++11’s array class template. We now introduce built-in arrays in Chapter 8.]

Section 7.2 arrays 7.2 Q1: An array is not: a. A consecutive group of memory locations. b. Subscripted by integers. c. Made up of different data types. d. None of the above.

ANS c. Made up of different data types.

7.2 Q2: Which of the following is false? a. The last element of an array has position number one less than the array size. b. The position number contained within square brackets is called a subscript. c. A subscript cannot be an expression. d. All of the above.

ANS c. A subscript cannot be an expression.

Section 7.3 Declaring arrays 7.3 Q1: Which statement would be used to declare a 10-element integer array c? a. array c<12>; b. array c<int, 12>; c. array<12> c; d. array<int, 12> c; ANS d. array<int, 12> c; Section 7.4 Examples Using arrays 7.4 Q1: Which of the following is not a correct way to initialize the array named n? a. array<int, 5> n{0, 7, 0, 3, 8}; b. array<int, 5> n{0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2}; c. array<int, 5> n{7}; d. array<int, 5> n{9, 1, 9}; ANS: b. array<int, 5> n{0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2}; 7.4 Q2: Constant variables: a. Can be assigned values in executable statements. b. Do not have to be initialized when they are declared. c. Can be used to specify array sizes, thereby making programs more scalable. d. Can be used to specify array sizes, but this makes programs harder to understand.

ANS c. Can be used to specify array sizes, thereby making programs more scalable.

7.4 Q3: Referencing elements outside the array bounds with the [] operator: a. Can result in changes to the value of an unrelated variable. b. Is impossible because C++ checks to make sure it does not happen. c. Is a syntax error. d. Enlarges the size of the array.

ANS: a. Can result in changes to the value of an unrelated variable.

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Section 7.5 Range-Based for Statement 7.5 Q1: Assume that the array named items contains the integer values 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. Which of the following set of statements uses the range-based for loop to display each value in items? a. for (int i = 0; i <items.size(); ++i) { cout <<items[i] <<endl; } b. for (int item : items) { cout <<items[item] <<endl; } c. for (int item : items) { cout <<item <<endl; } d. for (int item : items.size()){ cout <<item <<endl; } ANS: c. for (int item : items) { cout <<item <<endl; } 7.5 Q2: Which of the following tasks cannot be performed using a range-based for loop? a. Calculating the product of all the values in an array. b. Displaying all even element values in an array. c. Incrementing the value stored in each element of the array. d. Accessing the element’s subscript.

ANS: d. Accessing the element’s subscript.

Section 7.6 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an array to Store Grades 7.6 Q1: In order to calculate the __________ of an array of values, the array values must first be summed. a. Average. b. Minimum. c. Maximum. d. Distribution.

ANS: a. Average.

Section 7.7 Sorting and Searching arrays 7.7 Q1: Linear search can be used on: a. Unsorted arrays. b. Sorted arrays. c. Integer arrays. d. Any of the above.

ANS: d. Any of the above.

7.7 Q2: You can sort an array with the Standard Library’s: a. sort function. b. sort_array function. c. array_sort function. d. None of the above.

ANS: a. sort function.

Section 7.8 Multidimensional arrays 7.8 Q1: A double subscripted array declared as array<array<int, 5>, 3> values; has how many elements? a. 15 b. 13 c. 10 d. 8

ANS: a. 15

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7.8 Q2: Which of the following does not declare a 2-by-2 array and set all four of its elements to 0? a. b. c.

array<array<int,2>, 2> b; b[0][0] = b[0][1] = b[1][0] = b[1][1] = 0; array<array<int, 2>, 2> b = {0}; array<array<int, 2>, 2> b; for (auto const &row : b) { for (auto &element : row) { element = 0; } }

d. All of the above initialize all four of the array elements to 0.

ANS: d. All of the above initialize all four of the array elements to 0.

Section 7.9 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional array 7.9 Q1: In a typical nested for loop (not a range-based for loop) used to process a two-dimensional array, following the end of each execution of the inner for loop: a. The outer for loop initializes its counter variable. b. The outer for loop increments its counter variable. c. The inner for loop initializes its counter variable. d. The inner for loop increments its counter variable.

ANS: b. The outer for loop increments its counter variable.

Section 7.10 Introduction to C++ Standard Library Class Template vector 7.10 Q1: Which of the following is not true of class template vector? a. The size of a vector can be changed after it is declared. b. A vector can be assigned to another vector by using the assignment operator. c. A vector object can be initialized with a copy of another vector by invoking the copy constructor. d. A vector can store only data of type int.

ANS: d. A vector can store only data of type int.

7.10 Q2: Using square brackets ([]) to retrieve vector elements __________ perform bounds checking; using member function at to retrieve vector elements __________ perform bounds checking. a. Does not, does not. b. Does not, does. c. Does, does not. d. Does, does.

ANS: b. Does not, does.

7.10 Q3: When using exception handling, place any code that might throw an exception in a __________. a. catch block b. try statement. c. throw block. d. what statement.

ANS: b. try statement.

7.10 Q4: Which statement about exception handling is false? a. Call the exception object's what member function to get the error message that's stored in the exception object. b. Bounds checking is performed at execution time with vector member function at, and if a subscript is within the bounds of the array, the member function throws an out_of_bounds exception. c. The catch block contains the code that handles an exception if one occurs. d. None of the above statements in false.

ANS: b. Bounds checking is performed at execution time with vector member function at, and if a subscript is not within the bounds of the array, the member function throws an out_of_bounds exception. [It's actually an out_of_range exception.] ..

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Chapter 8: Pointers and Pointer-Based Strings Section 8.2 Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization 8.2 Q1: Pointers cannot be used to: a. Contain memory addresses. b. Reference values directly. c. Pass an argument by reference. d. Manipulate dynamic data structures.

ANS: b. Reference values directly.

8.2 Q2: Pointers may be assigned which of the following values? a. Any integer values. b. An address. c. nullptr. d. Both (b) and (c).

ANS d. Both (b) and (c).

8.2 Q3: What does the following statement declare? int *countPtr, count; a. Two int variables. b. One pointer to an int and one int variable. c. Two pointers to ints.

d. The declaration is invalid.

ANS: b. One pointer to an int and one int variable.

8.2 Q4 [C++11]: Which of the following statements about pointer initialization and values is false? a. Prior C++11, the value specified for a null pointer was 0 or NULL. b. When 0 is assigned to a pointer, it’s converted to a pointer of the appropriate type. c. The value 0 is the only integer value that can be assigned directly to a pointer variable without first casting the integer to a pointer type. d. In the new standard, you should use the constant null_ptr to initialize a pointer instead of 0 or NULL. ANS: d. In the new standard, you should use the constant null_ptr to initialize a pointer instead of 0 or NULL. [The constant is actually nullptr (without the underscore).]

Section 8.3 Pointer Operators 8.3 Q1: The & operator can be applied to: a. constants. b. string literals. c. lvalues. d. rvalues.

ANS c. lvalues.

8.3 Q2: All of the following can cause a fatal execution-time error except: a. Dereferencing a pointer that has not been assigned to point to a specific address. b. Dereferencing a pointer that has not been initialized properly. c. Dereferencing a null pointer. d. Dereferencing a variable that is not a pointer.

ANS d. Dereferencing a variable that is not a pointer. (This is a compilation error.)

8.3 Q3: Three of the following expressions have the same value. Which of the following expressions has a value different from the others’? a. *&ptr b. &*ptr c. *ptr d. ptr ANS c. *ptr ..

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Section 8.4 Pass-by-Reference with Pointers 8.4 Q1: Which of the following is not a valid way to pass arguments to a function in C++? a. By reference with reference arguments. b. By value. c. By reference with pointer arguments. d. By value with pointer arguments.

ANS: d. By value with pointer arguments.

8.4 Q2: When a compiler encounters a function parameter for a single-subscripted array of the form int a[], it converts the parameter to: a. int a b. int &a c. int *a d. No conversion is necessary.

ANS c. int * a Section 8.5 Built-In Arrays 8.5 Q1: Which of the following is not a correct way to initialize a built-in array? a. int n[5]{0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2}; b. int n[]{0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2}; c. int n[5]{7}; d. int n[5]{9, 1, 9}; ANS: a. int n[5]{0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 2}; 8.5 Q2: Which statement would be used to declare a 10-element integer array c? a. array c = int[10]; b. c = int[10]; c. int array c[10]; d. int c[10]; ANS d. int c[10]; 8.5 Q3: To prevent modification of a built-in array’s values when you pass the built-in array to a function: a. The built-in array must be declared static in the function. b. The built-in array parameter can be preceded by the const qualifier. c. A copy of the built-in array must be made inside the function. d. The built-in array must be passed by reference.

ANS: b. The built-in array parameter can be preceded by the const qualifier.

8.5 Q4: Which of the following is false about a function to which a built-in array is being passed? a. It always knows the size of the built-in array that is being passed. b. It is being passed the address of the first element in the built-in array. c. It is able to modify the values stored in the built-in array. d. The built-in array’s name is used as an argument in the function call.

ANS: a. It always knows the size of the built-in array that is being passed.

8.5 Q5[C++11]: Given a built-in array of ints named values, which of the following statements would sort the array? a. sort(values.begin(), values.end()); b. sort(values.array_begin(), values.array_end()); c. sort(begin(values), end(values)); d. sort(array_begin(values), array_end(values)); ANS: c. sort(begin(values), end(values));

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Section 8.6 Using const with Pointers 8.6 Q1: A function that modifies an array by using pointer arithmetic such as ++ptr to process every value of the array should have a parameter that is: a. A nonconstant pointer to nonconstant data. b. A nonconstant pointer to constant data. c. A constant pointer to nonconstant data. d. A constant pointer to constant data.

ANS: a. A nonconstant pointer to nonconstant data.

8.6 Q2: A function that prints a string by using pointer arithmetic such as ++ptr to output each character should have a parameter that is: a. A nonconstant pointer to nonconstant data. b. A nonconstant pointer to constant data. c. A constant pointer to nonconstant data. d. A constant pointer to constant data.

ANS: b. A nonconstant pointer to constant data.

8.6 Q3: Which of the following best describes the array name n in the declaration int n[10];? a. n is a nonconstant pointer to nonconstant data. b. n is a nonconstant pointer to constant data. c. n is a constant pointer to nonconstant data. d. n is a constant pointer to constant data.

ANS: c. n is a constant pointer to nonconstant data.

8.6 Q4: What method should be used to pass an array to a function that does not modify the array and only looks at it using array subscript notation: a. A nonconstant pointer to nonconstant data. b. A nonconstant pointer to constant data. c. A constant pointer to nonconstant data. d. A constant pointer to constant data.

ANS: d. A constant pointer to constant data.

Section 8.7 sizeof Operators 8.7 Q1: sizeof: a. Is a binary operator. b. Returns the total number of elements in an array . c. Usually returns a double. d. Returns the total number of bytes in a variable.

ANS: d. Returns the total number of bytes in a variable.

8.7 Q2: Which of the following gives the number of elements in the array int r[10]? a. sizeof r b. sizeof (*r) c. sizeof r / sizeof (int) d. sizeof (*r) / sizeof (int) ANS: c sizeof r / sizeof (int) Section 8.8 Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic 8.8 Q1: Which of the following can have a pointer as an operand? a. ++ b. *= c. % d. / ANS: a. ++

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8.8 Q2: Given that k is an integer array starting at location 2000, kPtr is a pointer to k and each integer is stored in 4 bytes of memory, what location does kPtr + 3 point to? a. 2003 b. 2006 c. 2012 d. 2024 ANS: c. 2012 8.8 Q3: A pointer can not be assigned to: a. Another pointer of the same type without using the cast operator . b. A pointer to void without using the cast operator. c. A pointer of a type other than its own type and void without using the cast operator. d. Any other pointer by using the cast operator.

ANS: c. A pointer of a type other than its own type and void without using the cast operator.

8.8 Q4: Comparing pointers and performing pointer arithmetic on them is meaningless unless: a. They point to elements of the same array. b. You are trying to compare and perform pointer arithmetic on the values to which they point. c. They point to arrays of equal size. d. They point to arrays of the same type.

ANS: a. They point to elements of the same array.

Section 8.9 Relationship Between Pointers and Built-in Arrays 8.9 Q1: Assuming that t is an array and tPtr is a pointer to that array, which expression refers to the address of element 3 of the array? a. *(tPtr + 3) b. tPtr[3] c. &t[3] d. *(t + 3) ANS: c. &t[3] 8.9 Q2: Consider the following function: void reverse(char *string1, const char *string2) { int stringsize{sizeof(string1)/sizeof(char)}; *(string1 + stringsize – 1) = '\0'; string1 = string1 + stringsize – 2; for (; *string2 != '\0'; string1--, string2++) { *string1 = *string2; } }

What technique does the function use to refer to array elements? a. Array subscript notation. b. Pointer/offset notation where the pointer is actually the name of the array . c. Pointer subscript notation. d. Pointer/offset notation.

ANS: d. Pointer/offset notation.

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Section 8.10 Pointer-Based Strings 8.10.1 Q1: Which of the following is false for pointer-based strings? a. A string may include letters, digits and various special characters (i.e., +, -, *). b. A string in C++ is an array of characters ending in the null character ( '\0'). c. String literals are written inside of single quotes. d. A string may be assigned in a declaration to either a character array or a variable of type char *.

ANS: c. String literals are written inside of single quotes.

8.10.1 Q2: cin.getline(superstring, 30); is equivalent to which of the following? a. cin.getline(superstring, 30, '\0'); b. cin.getline(superstring, 30, '\n'); c. cin.getline(superstring, 30, '\s'); d. cin.getline(superstring, 30, '\t'); ANS: b. cin.getline(superstring, 30, '\n');

Section 8.11 Arrays of Pointers 8.11 Q1: A string array: a. Stores an actual string in each of its elements. b. Can only provide access to strings of a certain length . c. Is actually an array of pointers. d. Is always less memory efficient than an equivalent double-subscripted array.

ANS: c. Is actually an array of pointers.

8.11 Q2: A string array is commonly used for: a. Command-line arguments. b. Storing an extremely long string. c. Storing multiple copies of the same string. d. Displaying floating-point numbers to the screen.

ANS: a. Command-line arguments.

Section 8.12 Function Pointers 8.12 Q1: Which of the following is not true of pointers to functions? a. They contain the starting address of the function code. b. They are dereferenced in order to call the function. c. They can be stored in arrays. d. They can not be assigned to other function pointers.

ANS: d. They can not be assigned to other function pointers.

8.12 Q2: (*max)(num1, num2, num3);: a. Is the header for function max. b. Is a call to the function pointed to by max. c. Is the prototype for function max. d. Is a declaration of a pointer to a function called max.

ANS: b. Is a call to the function pointed to by max.

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Chapter 9: Classes: A Deeper Look; Throwing Exceptions Section 9.2 Time Class Case Study: Separating Interface from Implementation 9.2 Q1: Member access specifiers (public and private) can appear: a. In any order and multiple times. b. In any order (public first or private first) but not multiple times. c. In any order and multiple times, if they have brackets separating each type. d. Outside a class definition.

ANS: a. In any order and multiple times.

9.2 Q2: Which of the following preprocessor directives does not constitute part of the preprocessor wrapper? a. #define b. #endif c. #ifndef d. #include ANS: d. #include 9.2 Q3: Member function definitions: a. Always require the scope resolution operator (::). b. Require the scope resolution operator only when being defined outside of the definition of their class. c. Can use the scope resolution operator anywhere, but become public functions. d. Must use the scope resolution operator in their function prototype.

ANS: b. Require the scope resolution operator only when being defined outside of the definition of their class.

9.2 Q4: Parameterized stream manipulator setfill specifies the fill character that’s displayed when an output is displayed in a field wider than the number of characters or digits in the output. The effect of setfill applies: a. Only to the current value being displayed. b. Only to outputs displayed in the current statement. c. Until explicitly set to a different setting. d. Until the output buffer is flushed.

ANS: c. Until explicitly set to a different setting.

9.2 Q5: Every object of the same class: a. Gets a copy of every member function and member variable. b. Gets a copy of every member variable. c. Gets a copy of every member function. d. Shares pointers to all member variables and member functions.

ANS: b. Gets a copy of every member variable.

9.2 Q6: A class’s functions can throw exceptions, such as __________to indicate invalid data. a. invalid_data b. bad_data c. invalid_argument d. bad_argument ANS: c. invalid_argument

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Section 9.3 Compilation and Linking Process 9.3 Q1: Which of the following statements is false (assume we're referring to class Time)? a.Often a class’s interface and implementation will be created and compiled by one programmer and used by a separate programmer who implements the client code that uses the class. b. To hide the class’s member-function implementation details, the class-implementation programmer would provide the client-code programmer with the header Time.h (which specifies the class’s interface and data members) and the Time object code (i.e., the machine-code instructions that represent Time’s member functions). c. The client-code programmer is not given Time.cpp, so the client remains unaware of how Time’s member functions are implemented. d. The client-code programmer needs to know only Time’s interface to use the class and must be able to link its object code.

ANS: a. A class’s interface and implementation must be created and compiled the programmer who implements the client code that uses the class. Actually, often a class’s interface and implementation will be created and compiled by one programmer and used by a separate programmer who implements the client code that uses the class.

9.3 Q2: Which of the following statements is false (ssume we're referring to class Time)? a. Since the interface of the class is part of the class definition in the Time.h header, the client-code programmer must have access to this file and must #include it in the client’s source-code file. b. When the client code is compiled, the compiler uses the class definition in Time.h to ensure that the main function creates and manipulates objects of class Time correctly. c. The linker’s output is the executable Time application that users can execute to create and manipulate a Time object. d. Compilers and IDEs typically invoke the linker for you after compiling your code.

ANS: d. Compilers and IDEs typically invoke the compiler for you after linking your code. Actually, compilers and IDEs typically invoke the linker for you after compiling your code.

Section 9.4 Class Scope and Accessing Class Members 9.4 Q1: Variables defined inside a member function of a class have: a. File scope. b. Class scope. c. Block scope. d. Class or block scope, depending on whether the binary scope resolution operator ( ::) is used.

ANS: c. Block scope.

9.4 Q2: A class-scope variable hidden by a block-scope variable can be accessed by preceding the variable name with the class name followed by: a. :: b. : c. . d. -> ANS: a. :: Section 9.5 Access Functions and Utility Functions 9.5 Q1: The type of function a client would use to check the balance of a bank account would be: a. A utility function. b. A predicate function. c. An access function. d. A constructor.

ANS: c. an access function.

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9.5 Q2: Utility functions: a. Are private member functions that support operations of the class’s other member functions. b. Are part of a class’s interface. c. Are intended to be used by clients of a class. d. Are a type of constructor.

ANS: a. Are private member functions that support operations of the class’s other member functions.

Section 9.6 Time Class Case Study: Constructors with Default Arguments 9.5 Q1: A default constructor: a. Is a constructor that must receive no arguments. b. Is the constructor generated by the compiler when no constructor is provided by the programmer. c. Does not perform any initialization. d. Both (a) and (b).

ANS: d. Both (a) and (b).

9.6 Q2: If a member function of a class already provides all or part of the functionality required by a constructor or another member function then: a. Copy and paste that member function’s code into this constructor or member function. b. Call that member function from this constructor or member function. c. That member function is unnecessary. d. This constructor or member function is unnecessary.

ANS: b. Call that member function from this constructor or member function.

9.6 Q3[C++11]: Assuming the following constructor is provided for class Time explicit Time(int = 0, int = 0, int = 0); which of the following is not a valid way to initialize a Time object? a. Time t1; b. Time t2{22, 40}; c. Time t3(22, 40); d. a), b) and c) are all valid ways to initialize a Time object.

ANS: d. (a), (b) and (c) are all valid ways to initialize a Time object.

9.6 Q4[C++11]: Which of the following statements is false? a. You can overload a classes constructors. b. There is no mechanism in C++ for a constructor to call another constructor in the same class. c. Just as a constructor can call a class’s other member functions to perform tasks, C++11 allows constructors to call other constructors in the same class. d. To overload a constructor, provide in the class definition a prototype for each version of the constructor, and provide a separate constructor definition for each overloaded version.

ANS: b. There is no mechanism in C++ for a constructor to call another constructor in the same class. [C++ includes delegating constructors—that is, constructors that can delegate their work to other constructors in the same class.]

Section 9.7 Destructors 9.7 Q1: Which of the following is not true of a constructor and destructor of the same class? a. They both have the same name aside from the tilde ( ~) character. b. They are both usually called once per object created . c. They both are able to have default arguments. d. Both are called automatically, even if they are not explicitly defined in the class .

ANS: c. They both are able to have default arguments.

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9.7 Q2: Which of the following is not true of a destructor? a. It performs termination housekeeping. b. It is called before the system reclaims the object’s memory . c. If the programmer does not explicitly provide a destructor, the compiler creates an “empty” destructor . d. It releases the object’s memory.

ANS: d. It releases the object’s memory.

Section 9.8 When Constructors and Destructors Are Called 9.8 Q1: Given the class definition: class CreateDestroy { public: CreateDestroy() {cout << "constructor called, ";} ~CreateDestroy() {cout << "destructor called, ";} };

What will the following program output? int main() { CreateDestroy c1; CreateDestroy c2; return 0; } a. constructor called, destructor called, constructor called, destructor called, b. constructor called, destructor called, c. constructor called, constructor called, d. constructor called, constructor called, destructor called, destructor called, ANS: d. constructor called, constructor called, destructor called, destructor called,

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9.8 Q2: Given the class definition: class CreateDestroy { public: CreateDestroy() {cout << "constructor called, ";} ~CreateDestroy() {cout << "destructor called, ";} };

What will the following program output? int main() { for (int i = 1; i <= 2; ++i) { CreateDestroy cd; } return 0; }

a. constructor called, destructor called, constructor called, destructor called, b. constructor called, constructor called, c. constructor called, constructor called, destructor called, destructor called, d. Nothing.

ANS: a. constructor called, destructor called, constructor called, destructor called, Section 9.9 Time Class Case Study: A Subtle Trap—Returning a Reference to a private Data Member 9.9 Q1: Returning references to non-const, private data: a. Allows private functions to be modified. b. Is only dangerous if the binary scope resolution operator (::) is used in the function prototype. c. Allows private member variables to be modified, thus “breaking encapsulation.” d. Results in a compiler error.

ANS: c. Allows private member variables to be modified, thus “breaking encapsulation.”

9.9 Q2: A client changing the values of private data members is: a. Only possible by calling private member functions. b. Possible using public functions and references. c. Never possible. d. Only possible if the private variables are not declared inside the class.

ANS: b. Possible using public functions and references.

Section 9.10 Default Memberwise Assignment 9.10 Q1: The assignment operator (=) can be used to: a. Test for equality. b. Copy data from one object to another. c. Compare two objects. d. Copy a class.

ANS: b. Copy data from one object to another.

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Section 9.11 const (Constant) Objects and const Member Functions 9.11 Q1: Which of the following statements will not produce a syntax error? e. Defining a const member function that modifies a data member of the object. f. Invoking a non-const member function on a const object. g. Declaring an object to be const. h. Declaring a constructor to be const.

ANS c. Declaring an object to be const.

9.11 Q2: The code fragment: Increment::Increment(int c, int i) : increment (i) { count = c; }

does not cause any compilation errors. This tells you that: a. count must be a non-const variable. b. count must be a const variable. c. increment must be a non-const variable. d. increment must be a const variable.

ANS a. count must be a non-const variable.

Section 9.12 Composition: Objects as Members of Classes 9.11 Q1: When composition (one object having another object as a member) is used: a. The host object is constructed first and then the member objects are placed into it. b. Member objects are constructed first, in the order they appear in the host constructor’s initializer list. c. Member objects are constructed first, in the order they are declared in the host’s class. d. Member objects are destructed last, in the order they are declared in the host’s class.

ANS c. Member objects are constructed first, in the order they are declared in the host’s class.

9.12 Q2: An error occurs if: a. A non-reference, non-const, primitive data member is initialized in the member initialization list. b. An object data member is not initialized in the member initialization list. c. An object data member does not have a default constructor. d. An object data member is not initialized in the member initialization list and does not have a default constructor.

ANS d. An object data member is not initialized in the member initialization list and does not have a default constructor.

Section 9.13 friend Functions and friend Classes 9.13 Q1: If the line: friend class A;

appears in class B, and the line: friend class B;

appears in class C, then: a. Class A is a friend of class C. b. Class A can access private variables of class B. c. Class C can call class A’s private member functions. d. Class B can access class A’s private variables.

ANS: b. Class A can access private variables of class B.

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9.13 Q2: Which of the following statements about friend functions and friend classes is false? a. A class can either grant friendship to or take friendship from another class using the friend keyword. b. A friend declaration can appear anywhere in a class definition. c. A friend of a class can access all of its private data member and member functions. d. The friendship relationship is neither symmetric nor transitive.

ANS a. A class can either grant friendship to or take friendship from another class using the friend keyword.

Section 9.14 Using the this Pointer 9.14 Q1: For a non-constant member function of class Test, the this pointer has type: a. const Test * b. Test * const c. Test const * d. const Test * const ANS: b. Test * const 9.14 Q2: Inside a function definition for a member function of an object with data member x, which of the following is not equivalent to this->x: a. *this.x b. (*this).x c. x d. None of the above are equivalent.

ANS: a. *this.x 9.14 Q3: Assume that t is an object of class Test, which has member functions a(), b(), c() and d(). If the functions a(), b() and c() all return references to an object of class Test (using the dereferenced this pointer) and function d() returns void, which of the following statements will not produce a syntax error: a. t.a().b().d(); b. a().b().t; c. t.d().c(); d. t.a().t.d(); ANS: a. t.a().b().d(); Section 9.15 static Class Members 9.15 Q1: If Americans are objects of the same class, which of the following attributes would most likely be represented by a static variable of that class? a. Age. b. The President. c. Place of birth. d. Favorite food.

ANS: b. The President.

9.15 Q2: static data members of a certain class: a. Can be accessed only if an object of that class exists. b. Cannot be changed, even by objects of the same that class. c. Have class scope. d. Can only be changed by static member functions.

ANS: c. Have class scope.

9.15 Q3: static member functions: a. Can use the this pointer. b. Can access only other static member functions and static data members. c. Cannot be called until an object of their class is instantiated . d. Can be declared const as well.

ANS: b. Can only access other static member functions and static data members.

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Chapter 10: Operator Overloading; String and Array Objects Section 10.1 Introduction 10.1 Q1: Which statement about operator overloading is false? a. Operator overloading is the process of enabling C++'s operators to work with class objects. b. C++ overloads the addition operator (+) and the subtraction operator (-) to perform differently, depending on their context in integer, floating-point and pointer arithmetic with data of fundamental types. c. You can overload all C++ operators to be used with class objects. d. When you overload operators to be used with class objects, the compiler generates the appropriate code based on the types of the operands.

ANS: c. You can overload all C++ operators to be used with class objects. [Most, not all, operators can be overloaded.]

Section 10.2 Using the Overloaded Operators of Standard Library Class string 10.2 Q1: Which of the following is false? a. A string can be defined to store any data type. b. Class string provides bounds checking in its member function at. c. Class string’s overloaded [] operator returns a vector element as an rvalue or an lvalue, depending on the context. d. An exception is thrown if the argument to string’s at member function is an invalid subscript.

ANS: a. A string can be defined to store any data type.

10.2 Q2[C++14]: The code ", have a great day!"s

is an example of ________: a. a compilation error b. a string iterator c. a string-object literal. d. string interpolation.

ANS: c. a string-object literal.

Section 10.3 Fundamentals of Operator Overloading 10.3 Q1: The correct function name for overloading the addition ( +) operator is: a. operator+ b. operator(+) c. operator:+ d. operator_+ ANS a. operator+ 10.3 Q2: Which of the following operators cannot be overloaded? a. The . operator. b. The -> operator. c. The & operator. d. The [ ] operator.

ANS a. The . operator.

10.3 Q3: Which statement about operator overloading is false? a. New operators can never be created. b. Certain overloaded operators can change the number of arguments they take. c. The precedence of an operator cannot be changed by overloading. d. Overloading cannot change how an operator works on built-in types.

ANS b. Certain overloaded operators can change the number of arguments they take.

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10.3 Q4: To implicitly overload the += operator: a. Only the + operator needs to be overloaded. b. Only the = operator needs to be overloaded. c. Both the + and = operators need to be overloaded. d. The += operator cannot be overloaded implicitly.

ANS d. The += operator cannot be overloaded implicitly.

Section 10.4 Overloading Binary Operators 10.4 Q1: Which of the following operators can be overloaded as a non-member function? a. () b. [] c. += d. == ANS: d. == 10.4 Q2: Which situation would require the operator to be overloaded as a non-member function? a. The overloaded operator is =. b. The left most operand must be a class object (or a reference to a class object). c. The left operand is an int. d. The operator returns a reference.

ANS c. The left operand is an int.

10.4 Q3: An overloaded + operator takes a class object and a double as operands. For it to be commutative (i.e., a + b and b + a both work): a. operator+ must be a member function of the class from which the objects are instantiated. b. operator+ must be a non-member function. c. It must be overloaded twice; the operator+ function that takes the object as the left operand must be a member function, and the other operator+ function must be a global function. d. The + operator cannot be overloaded to be commutative.

ANS c. It must be overloaded twice; the operator+ function that takes the object as the left operand must be a member function, and the other operator+ function must be a global function.

10.4 Q4: y and z are user-defined objects and the += operator is an overloaded member function. The operator is overloaded such that y += z adds z and y, then stores the result in y. Which of the following expressions is always equivalent to y += z? a. y = y operator+= z b. y.operator+=(z) c. y = y + z d. y operator+=(y + z) ANS: b. y.operator+=(z)

10.4 Q5: For operators overloaded as non-static member functions: a. Binary operators can have two arguments and unary operators can have one. b. Both binary and unary operators take one argument. c. Binary operators can have one argument, and unary operators cannot have any. d. Neither binary nor unary operators can have arguments.

ANS: c. Binary operators can have one argument, and unary operators cannot have any .

Section 10.5 Overloading the Binary Stream Insertion and Stream Extraction Operators 10.5 Q1: Suppose you have a programmer-defined data type Data and want to overload the << operator to output your data type to the screen in the form cout << dataToPrint; and allow cascaded function calls. The first line of the function definition would be: a. ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Data& dataToPrint) b. ostream operator<<(ostream& output, const Data& dataToPrint) c. ostream& operator<<(const Data& dataToPrint, ostream& output) d. ostream operator<<(const Data& dataToPrint, ostream& output) ANS: a. ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Data& dataToPrint) ..

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Section 10.6 Overloading Unary Operators 10.6 Q1: Suppose the unary ! operator is an overloaded member function of class String. For a String object s, which function call is generated by the compiler when it finds the expression !s? a. s.operator!() b. s.operator!(default_value1, default_value2,…) c. operator!(s) d. A compiler error results because no arguments are given.

ANS: a. s.operator!() Section 10.7 Overloading the Unary Prefix and Postfix ++ and -- Operators 10.7 Q1: The conventional way to distinguish between the overloaded preincrement and postincrement operators (++) is: a. To assign a dummy value to preincrement. b. To make the argument list of postincrement include an int. c. To have the postincrement operator call the preincrement operator. d. Implicitly done by the compiler.

ANS: b. To make the argument list of postincrement include an int.

10.7 Q2: Because the postfix increment operator returns objects by value and the prefix increment operator returns objects by reference: a. Prefix increment has slightly more overhead than postfix increment. b. The postfix increment operator returns the actual incremented object with its new value. c. Objects returned by postfix increment cannot be used in larger expressions. d. The postfix increment operator typically returns a temporary object that contains the original value of the object before the increment occurred.

ANS: d. The postfix increment operator typically returns a temporary object that contains the original value of the object before the increment occurred.

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Section 10.8 Case Study: A Date Class 10.8 Q1: There exists a data type Date with member function Increment that increments the current Date object by one. The ++ operator is being overloaded to postincrement an object of type Date. Select the correct implementation: a.

Date Date::operator++(int) { Date temp{*this}; Increment(); return *temp; } b. Date Date::operator++(int) { Increment(); Date temp{*this}; return temp; } c. Date Date::operator++(int) { Date temp{*this}; return this; temp.Increment(); } d. Date Date::operator++(int) { Date temp{*this}; Increment(); return temp; } ANS: d. Date Date::operator++(int) { Date temp{*this}; Increment(); return temp; }

Section 10.9 Dynamic Memory Management 10.9 Q1: Which of the following is false about the new operator and the object for which it allocates memory? a. It calls the object’s constructor. b. It returns a pointer. c. It does not require the size of the object to be explicitly specified in the new expression. d. It automatically destroys the object after main is exited.

ANS: d. It automatically destroys the object after main is exited.

10.9 Q2: The delete [] operator: a. Can terminate the program. b. Must be told which destructor to call when destroying an object. c. Can delete an entire array of objects declared using new. d. Is called implicitly at the end of a program.

ANS: c. Can delete an entire array of objects declared using new.

10.9 Q3[C++11]: Which of the following statements about a unique_ptr object is true? a. A unique_ptr is a “smart pointer” for managing dynamically allocated memory. b. When a unique_ptr goes out of scope, its destructor automatically returns the managed memory to the free store. c. You must explicitly delete the memory that’s managed by a unique_ptr before the object goes out of scope. d. All of the above.

ANS: c. You must explicitly delete the memory that’s managed by a unique_ptr before the object goes out of scope.

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Section 10.10 Case Study: Array Class 10.10 Q1: Which of the following is false? a. An entire non-char array cannot be input or output at once. b. Two arrays cannot be meaningfully compared with equality or relational operators . c. Arrays cannot be assigned to one another (i.e., array1 = array2;). d. C++ ensures that you cannot “walk off” either end of an array .

ANS: d. C++ ensures that you cannot “walk off” either end of an array .

10.10 Q2: The array subscript operator [], when overloaded, cannot: a. Be used with linked list classes. b. Take a float as an operand. c. Take multiple values inside (e.g., [4,8]). d. Take user-defined objects as operands.

ANS: c. Take multiple values inside (e.g., [4,8]).

10.10 Q3: A copy constructor: a. Is a constructor with only default arguments. b. Is a constructor that initializes a newly declared object to the value of an existing object of the same class. c. Is a constructor that takes no arguments. d. None of the above.

ANS: b. Is a constructor that initializes a newly declared object to the value of an existing object of the same class.

10.10 Q4: A copy constructor must receive its argument by reference because: a. Otherwise the constructor will only make a copy of a pointer to an object. b. Otherwise infinite recursion occurs. c. The copy of the argument passed by value has function scope. d. The pointer needs to know the address of the original data, not a temporary copy of it.

ANS: b. Otherwise infinite recursion occurs.

10.10 Q5: To prevent class objects from being copied: a. Make the overloaded assignment operator private. b. Make the copy constructor private. c. Both (a) and (b). d. None of the above.

ANS: c. Both (a) and (b).

10.10 Q6: Which of the following is not a disadvantage of default memberwise copy with objects containing pointers? a. Having the possibility of leaving a dangling pointer. b. Allowing both objects to point to the same dynamically allocated storage. c. Allowing the destructor of one object to be called while leaving the second pointer, to the same memory location, intact. d. Requiring the explicit overloading of the assignment operator.

ANS: d. Requiring the explicit overloading of the assignment operator.

10.10 Q7[C++11]: To prevent class objects from being copied or assigned, you can: a. Declare as private the class’s copy constructor and overloaded assignment operator. b. Declare the class’s copy constructor and overloaded assignment operator with with = delete after the parameter list. c. Simply do not declare a copy constructor or assignment operator in the class. d. (a) or (b).

ANS: d. (a) or (b).

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10.10 Q8[C++11]: Which of the following is false? a. To receive a list initializer as an argument to a constructor, you can declare the constructor’s parameter as type list_initialier<T> where T represents the type of the values in the list initializer. b. To receive a list initializer as an argument to a constructor, you can declare the constructor’s parameter as type initializer_list<T> where T represents the type of the values in the list initializer. c. It’s not possible to pass a list initializer to a constructor. d. (a) and (c).

ANS: d. (a) and (c).

Section 10.11 Operators as Member Function vs. Non-Member Functions 10.11 Q1: Which statement is false? a. Based on whether an operator is implemented as a member function or as a non-member function, the operator is used differently in expressions. b. When an operator function is implemented as a member function, the leftmost (or only) operand must be an object (or a reference to an object) of the operator's class. c. Operator member functions of a specific class are called (implicitly by the compiler) only when the left operand of a binary operator is specifically an object of that class, or when the single operand of a unary operator is an object of that class. d. Another reason why you might choose a non-member function to overload an operator is to enable the operator to be commutative.

ANS: a. Based on whether an operator is implemented as a member function or as a non-member function, the operator is used differently in expressions. [Whether an operator is implemented as a member function or as a nonmember function, the operator is still used the same way in expressions.]

Section 10.12 Converting between Types 10.12 Q1: Conversion constructors: a. Can have multiple arguments. b. Can convert between user-defined types. c. Are implicitly defined by the compiler if not explicitly written by the programmer. d. Cannot convert built-in types to user defined types.

ANS: b. Can convert between user-defined types.

10.12 Q2: The prototypes of overloaded cast operator functions do not: a. Specify the type they convert to. b. Specify the type that is being converted. c. Specify a return type. d. Need to be defined inside the class whose objects are being converted.

ANS: c. Specify a return type.

10.12 Q3: Which of the following lines would be the prototype for an overloaded cast operator function that converts an object of user-defined type Time into a double? a. Time::operator double() const; b. Time::static_cast double() const; c. Time::operator_cast(double) const; d. Time::double() const; ANS: a. Time::operator double() const; Section 10.13 explicit Constructors and Conversion Operator 10.13 Q1: An explicit constructor: a. Cannot be called outside of the class it is declared in. b. Can be implicitly called by the compiler to perform a data type conversion. c. Does not initialize its class’s data members. d. Must take exactly one argument.

ANS: d. Must take exactly one argument.

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Section 10.14 Overloading the Function Call Operator () 10.14 Q1: Assume that the function call operator() is overloaded for data type String in the usual sense of selecting a substring from a larger string. For a String object string1 with the character string "ABCDEFGHI", what string does string1(4, 2) return? a. "EF" b. "EFGHI" c. "CDEF" d. "CD" ANS: a. "EF"

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Chapter 11: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance Section 11.1 Introduction 11.1 Q1: Select the false statement regarding inheritance. a. A derived class can contain more attributes and behaviors than its base class. b. A derived class can be the base class for other derived classes. c. Some derived classes can have multiple base classes. d. Base classes are usually more specific than derived classes.

ANS d. Base classes are usually more specific than derived classes.

11.1 Q2: Which of the following is not a kind of inheritance in C++? a. public. b. private. c. static. d. protected.

ANS c. static.

11.1 Q3: The is-a relationship represents. a. Composition. b. Inheritance. c. Information Hiding. d. A friend.

ANS b. Inheritance.

Section 11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes 11.2 Q1: Which of the following is most likely a base class of the other three? a. automobile. b. convertible. c. miniVan. d. sedan.

ANS a. automobile.

11.2 Q2: Which of the following is not a good example of a hierarchy likely to be modeled by inheritance? a. Airplanes. b. Geometric shapes. c. Animals. d. Prime numbers.

ANS d. Prime numbers.

11.2 Q3: To declare class subClass a privately derived class of superClass one would write: a. class subclass : private superClass b. class subclass :: private superClass c. class subclass <private superClass> d. class subclass inherits private superClass ANS a. class subclass : private superClass

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Section 11.3 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes 11.3 Q1: Assuming the definition, class BasePlusCommissionEmployee : public CommissionEmployee

which of the following is false? a. The colon (:) in the header of the class definition indicates inheritance. b. The keyword public indicates the type of inheritance. c. All the public and protected members of class BasePlusCommissionEmployee are inherited as public and protected members, respectively, into class CommissionEmployee. d. CommissionEmployee is the base class and BasePlusCommissionEmployee is the derived class.

ANS: c. All the public and protected members of class BasePlusCommissionEmployee are inherited as public and protected members, respectively, into class CommissionEmployee.

11.3 Q2: Assuming the following is the beginning of the constructor definition for class BasePlusCommissionEmployee which inherits from class Point: BasePlusCommissionEmployee::BasePlusCommissionEmployee(string first, string last, string ssn, double sales, double rate, double salary) : CommissionEmployee(first, last, ssn, sales, rate)

The line beginning with a colon(:) a. Invokes the CommissionEmployee constructor with arguments. b. Causes a compiler error. c. Is unnecessary because the CommissionEmployee constructor is called automatically. d. Indicates inheritance.

ANS a. Invokes the CommissionEmployee constructor with arguments.

11.3 Q3: Which of the following is not one of the disadvantages of using the “copy-and-paste” approach to duplicating code from one class into another class? a. Errors are prone to be spread around. b. It is time consuming. c. It forces the system to store many physical copies of the code, creating a code-maintenance nightmare. d. All of the above are disadvantages of the “copy-and-paste” approach.

ANS d. All of the above are disadvantages of the “copy-and-paste” approach.

11.3 Q4: protected base class members cannot be accessed by: a. Functions that are neither friends of the base class, derived-class member functions nor friends of a derived class. b. friends of the base class. c. Functions that are not derived-class member functions. d. friends of derived classes.

ANS a. Functions that are neither friends of the base class, derived-class member functions nor friends of a derived class.

11.3 Q5: When should base class members be declared protected? a. When all clients should be able to access these members. b. When these members are used only by member functions of this base class. c. When these members should be available only to derived classes (and friends), but not to other clients. d. The protected access specified should never be used.

ANS c. When these members should be available only to derived classes (and friends), not to other clients.

11.3 Q6: From most restrictive to least restrictive, the access modifiers are: a. protected, private, public b. private, protected, public c. private, public, protected d. protected, public, private ANS b. private, protected, public ..

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Section 11.4 Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes 11.4 Q1: When an object of a derived class is instantiated, the __________ constructor initializes the _________ members. a. Base class, base class. b. Derived class, base class. c. Base class, derived class. d. Derived class, public.

ANS: a. Base class, base class.

11.4 Q2: Base class constructors and assignment operators: a. Are not inherited by derived classes. b. Should not be called by derived class constructors and assignment operators. c. Can be inherited by derived classes, but generally are not. d. Can call derived-class constructors and assignment operators.

ANS: a. Are not inherited by derived classes.

11.4 Q3[C++11]: Which of the following statements about inheriting base class constructors is false? a. To inherit a base class’s constructors, you write the following line of code in the derived class definition (BaseClass is the base class’s name): using BaseClass::BaseClass; b. If an inherited base-class constructor has default arguments, the line of code in Part (a) causes the compiler to generate a derived-class constructor with the same default arguments. c. By default, each inherited constructor has the same access level (public, protected or private) as its corresponding base-class constructor. d. If the derived class does not explicitly define constructors, the compiler generates a default constructor in the derived class—even if it inherits other constructors from its base class.

ANS: b. If an inherited base-class constructor has default arguments, the line of code in Part (a) causes the compiler to generate a derived-class constructor with the same default arguments. (A base-class constructor’s default arguments are not inherited. Instead, the compiler generates overloaded constructors without default arguments in the derived class.)

Section 11.5 public, protected and private Inheritance 11.5 Q1: Which forms of inheritance are is-a relationships? a. All forms of inheritance are is-a relationships. b. Only public and private. c. Only public and protected. d. Only public.

ANS: d. Only public.

11.5 Q2: When deriving a class from a protected base class, the public members of the base class become _________ and the protected members of the base class become __________? a. protected, private b. public, private c. protected, protected d. public, protected ANS: c. protected, protected

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Chapter 12: Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism Section 12.1 Introduction 12.1 Q1: Polymorphism is implemented via: a. Member functions. b. virtual functions and dynamic binding. c. inline functions. d. Non-virtual functions.

ANS: b. virtual functions and dynamic binding.

Section 12.2 Introduction to Polymorphism: Polymorphic Video Game 12.2 Q1: Which of the following statements about polymorphism is false? a. With polymorphism, you can direct a variety of objects to behave in manners appropriate to those objects without even knowing their types. b. With polymorphism, new types of objects that can respond to existing messages can easily be incorporated into a system without modifying the base system. c. Polymorphism enables you to deal in specifics and let the execution-time environment concern itself with the generalities. d. To get polymorphic behavior among existing objects, those objects must be instantiated from classes in the same inheritance hierarchy.

ANS: c. Polymorphism enables you to deal in specifics and let the execution-time environment concern itself with the generalities. Actually, the reverse is true.

Section 12.3 Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchy 12.2 Q1: Which of the following would not be a member function that derived classes Fish, Frog and Bird should inherit from base class Animal and then provide their own definitions for, so that the function call can be performed polymorphically? a. eat b. sleep c. move d. flapWings ANS: d. flapWings Section 12.3.1 Invoking Base-Class Functions from Derived-Class Objects 12.3.1 Q1: Employee is a base class and HourlyWorker is a derived class, with a redefined non-virtual print function. Given the following statements, will the output of the two print function calls be identical?

HourlyWorker h; Employee *ePtr = &h; ePtr->print(); ePtr->Employee::print();

a. Yes. b. Yes, if print is a static function. c. No. d. It would depend on the implementation of the print function.

ANS: a. Yes.

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Section 12.3.2 Aiming Derived-Class Pointers at Base-Class Objects 12.3.2 Q1: Which of the following assignments would be a compilation error? a. Assigning the address of a base-class object to a base-class pointer. b. Assigning the address of a base-class object to a derived-class pointer. c. Assigning the address of a derived-class object to a base-class pointer. d. Assigning the address of a derived-class object to a derived-class pointer.

ANS: b. Assigning the address of a base-class object to a derived-class pointer.

Section 12.3.3 Derived-Class Member-Function Calls via Base-Class Pointers 12.3.3 Q1: Downcasting enables: a. A derived-class object to be treated as a base-class object. b. A base-class object to be treated as a derived-class object. c. Making a base-class pointer into a derived-class pointer. d. Making a derived-class pointer into a base -class pointer.

ANS: c. Making a base-class pointer into a derived-class pointer.

Section 12.4 Virtual Functions and Virtual Destructors 12.4 Q1: If objects of all the classes derived from the same base class all need to draw themselves, the draw function would most likely be declared: a. private b. virtual c. protected d. friend ANS: b. virtual 12.4 Q2: virtual functions must: a. Be overridden in every derived class. b. Be declared virtual in every derived class. c. Be declared virtual in the base class. d. Have the same implementation in every derived class.

ANS: c. Be declared virtual in the base class.

12.4 Q3: Which of the following statements about virtual functions is false? a. They allow the program to select the correct implementation at execution time. b. They can use either static or dynamic binding, depending on the handles on which the functions are called. c. They do not remain virtual down the inheritance hierarchy. d. They can be called using the dot operator.

ANS: c. They do not remain virtual down the inheritance hierarchy.

12.4 Q4[C++11]: Which of the following statements is true? a. In C++11, all classes can be used as base classes. b. In C++11, only classes that are not declared as final can be used as base classes. c. In C++11, only classes that are declared as base can be used as base classes. d. None of the above ANS: b. In C++11, only classes that are not declared as final can be used as base classes.

12.4 Q5: virtual destructors must be used when: a. The constructor in the base class is virtual. b. delete is used on a base-class pointer to a derived-class object. c. delete is used on a derived-class object. d. A constructor in either the base class or derived class is virtual.

ANS: b. delete is used on a base-class pointer to a derived-class object.

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12.4 Q6[C++11]: To help prevent errors, apply C++11’s ________ keyword to the prototype of every derived-class function that overrides a base-class virtual function. a. virtual b. abstract c. overridable d. None of the above.

ANS: d. None of the above. The correct keyword is override.

12.4 Q7[C++11] In C++11, you can tell the compiler to explicitly generate the default version of a default constructor, copy constructor, move constructor, copy assignment operator, move assignment operator or destructor by following the special member function’s prototype with ________. a. default b. explicit c. (default) d. = default ANS: d. = default.

Section 12.5 Type Fields and switch Statements 12.4 Q1: Problems using switch logic to deal with many objects of different types do not include: a. Forgetting to include an object in one of the cases. b. Having to update the switch statement whenever a new type of object is added. c. Having to track down every switch statement to do an update of object types. d. Not being able to implement separate functions on different objects.

ANS: d. Not being able to implement separate functions on different objects.

Section 12.6 Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functions 12.6 Q1: The line: virtual double earnings() const = 0;

appears in a class definition. You cannot deduce that: a. All classes that directly inherit from this class will override this method. b. This class is an abstract class. c. Any concrete class derived from this class will have an earnings function. d. This class will probably be used as a base class for other classes.

ANS: a. All classes that directly inherit from this class will override this method.

12.6 Q2: Abstract classes: a. Contain at most one pure virtual function. b. Can have objects instantiated from them if the proper permissions are set. c. Cannot have abstract derived classes. d. Are defined, but the programmer never intends to instantiate any objects from them.

ANS: d. Are defined, but the programmer never intends to instantiate any objects from them.

12.6 Q3: The main difference between a pure virtual function and a virtual function is: a. The return type. b. The member access specifier. c. That a pure virtual function cannot have an implementation. d. The location in the class.

ANS: c. That a pure virtual function cannot have an implementation.

12.6 Q4: Which of the following is not allowed? a. Objects of abstract classes. b. Multiple pure virtual functions in a single abstract class. c. References to abstract classes. d. Arrays of pointers to abstract classes.

ANS: a. Objects of abstract classes. ..

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Section 12.7 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 12.7 Q1: What mistake prevents the following class declaration from functioning properly as an abstract class? class Shape { public: virtual double print() const; double area() const {return base * height;} private: double base; double height; };

a. There are no pure virtual functions. b. There is a non-virtual function. c. private variables are being accessed by a public function. d. Nothing, it functions fine as an abstract class.

ANS: a. There are no pure virtual functions.

Section 12.8 (Optional) Polymorphism, Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding “Under the Hood” 12.8 Q1: An abstract class will: a. Have all zero function pointers in its vtable. b. Have at least one zero function pointer in its vtable. c. Share a vtable with a derived class. d. Have fewer zero function pointers in its vtable than concrete classes have.

ANS: b. Have at least one 0 in its vtable.

12.8 Q2: Concrete classes that inherit virtual functions but do not override their implementations: a. Have vtables which are the same as those of their base classes. b. Receive their own copies of the virtual functions. c. Receive pointers to their base classes’ virtual functions. d. Receive pointers to pure virtual functions.

ANS: c. Receive pointers to their base classes' virtual functions.

12.8 Q3: The C++ compiler makes objects take up more space in memory if they: a. Are derived from base classes. b. Have virtual functions. c. Have only protected members. d. Are referenced by pointers.

ANS: b. Have virtual functions.

12.8 Q4: Abstract classes do not necessarily have: a. A 0 pointer in their vtable. b. A virtual function prototype with the notation = 0. c. Zero instances of their class. d. Zero references to their class.

ANS: d. Zero references to their class.

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Section 12.9 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism and Runtime Type Information with Downcasting, dynamic_cast, typeid and type_info 12.9 Q1: The line: virtual double functionX() const = 0;

in a class definition indicates that the class is probably a: a. Base class. b. Derived class. c. Protected class. d. Library class.

ANS: a. Base class.

12.9 Q2: Run-time type information can be used to determine: a. A function’s return type. b. A function’s argument type. c. An object’s type. d. The number of arguments a function takes.

ANS: c. An object’s type.

12.9 Q3: The __________ operator returns a reference to a __________ object: a. typeid, type_info b. typeinfo, type_id c. typeid, data_type d. typeinfo, type ANS: a. typeid, type_info 12.9 Q4: dynamic_cast is often used to: a. Perform type checking for objects. b. Convert pointers to strings. c. Upcast pointers. d. Downcast pointers.

ANS: d. Downcast pointers.

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Chapter 13: Stream Input/Output: A Deeper Look Section 13.1 Introduction 13.1 Q1: Which of the following statements is not true about C++ input/output (I/O) features? a. C++ allows users to specify I/O for their own data types. b. C++ automatically calls the correct I/O operations for standard types. c. C++ has some object-oriented I/O features. d. C++ borrowed its type safe I/O capabilities from C. ANS d. C++ borrowed its type safe I/O capabilities from C. Section 13.2 Streams 13.2 Q1: Select the correct statement regarding C++ I/O streams: a. C++ provides only high-level I/O capabilities because it is a high-level programming language. b. High-level (formatted) I/O is best for large-volume transfers. c. Low-level I/O breaks information down into small, meaningful groups of related bytes. d. Programmers generally prefer high-level I/O to low-level I/O. ANS d. Programmers generally prefer high-level I/O to low-level I/O. 13.2 Q2: __________ is usually faster than __________. a. High-level I/O, low-level I/O. b. Low-level I/O, high-level I/O. c. Low-level I/O, internal data processing. d. High-level I/O, internal data processing.

ANS b. Low-level I/O, high-level I/O. Section 13.2.1 Classic Streams vs. Standard Streams 13.2.1 Q1: Which C++ data type was designed to store Unicode characters? a. char b. long c. wchar_t d. size_t ANS c. wchar_t 13.2.1 Q2 [C++11] Which of the following statements is false? a. The C++ standard redesigned the classic C++ stream classes, which processed only chars, as class templates with specializations for processing characters of types char and wchar_t, respectively. b. C++11 added type char64_t to handle the new double-width Unicode characters. c. The size of type wchar_t is not specified by the C++ standard. d. C++11’s new char16_t and char32_t types for representing Unicode characters were added to provide character types with explicitly specified sizes.

ANS: b. C++11 added type char64_t to handle the new double-width Unicode characters.

Section 13.2.2 iostream Library Header Files (No questions.)

Section 13.2.3 Stream Input/Output Classes and Objects 13.2.3 Q1: Which of the following classes is a base class of the other three? a. basic_ios b. basic_istream c. basic_ostream d. basic_iostream ANS a. basic_ios ..

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13.2.3 Q2: Which of the following is not an object of the ostream class? a. cout b. cerr c. cin d. clog ANS c. cin 13.2.3 Q3: Which of the following classes is deepest in the inheritance hierarchy? a. basic_iostream b. basic_ofstream c. basic_ifstream d. basic_fstream ANS d. basic_fstream Section 13.3 Stream Output 13.3 Q1: Which of the following is not a member function of the C++ ostream class? a. Stream-insertion operator (<<). b. Stream-extraction operator (>>). c. put. d. write.

ANS b. Stream-extraction operator (>>).

Section 13.3.1 Output of char* Variables 13.3.1 Q1: Which of the following prints the address of character string string given the following declaration? char* string{"test"}; a. cout << string; b. cout << *&string; c. cout << static_cast<void*>(string); d. cout << *string; ANS: c. cout << static_cast<void*>(string);

Section 13.3.2 Character Output using Member Function put 13.3.2 Q1: Which of the following is an illegal use of function put? a. cout.put('A'); b. cout.put("A"); c. cout.put('A').put('\n'); d. cout.put(65); ANS: b. cout.put("A"); Section 13.4 Stream Input 13.4 Q1: The stream-extraction operator: a. Does not normally accept white-space characters. b. Returns true when the end-of-file is encountered. c. Sets the stream’s failbit if the operation fails. d. Sets the stream’s badbit if the data is of the wrong type.

ANS: a. Does not normally accept white-space characters.

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Section 13.4.1 get and getline Member Functions 13.4.1 Q1: One difference between the three-argument version of the get function and the getline function is that: a. Only get has a delimiter. b. The getline function removes the delimiter from the stream. c. Only get adds the delimiter to the array. d. getline stores the characters it reads into its character array argument.

ANS: b. The getline function removes the delimiter from the stream.

Section 13.4.2 istream Member Functions peek, putback and ignore 13.4.2 Q1: The putback member function returns to the input stream the previous character obtained by: a. A get from the input stream. b. Using the stream extraction operator on the input stream. c. Reading input from the keyboard. d. Reading a file from disk.

ANS: a. A get from the input stream.

13.4.2 Q2: Upon encountering the designated delimiter character, the ignore member function will: a. Read it in and return its value. b. Ignore it and continue reading and discarding characters. c. Terminate. d. Replace it with an EOF character.

ANS: c. Terminate.

Section 13.4.3 Type-Safe I/O 13.4.3 Q1: If unexpected data is processed in an I/O operation: a. An exception will be thrown. b. An error message will automatically be displayed. c. The program will terminate execution. d. Various error bits will be set.

ANS: d. Various error bits will be set.

Section 13.5 Unformatted I/O using read, write and gcount 13.5 Q1: Which of the following is a difference between the read and write functions? a. One performs formatted I/O and the other does not. b. They take different types of parameters. c. write and gcount are member functions of the same class, whereas read is not. d. The failbit is set only with read.

ANS: d. The failbit is set only with read.

Section 13.6 Introduction to Stream Manipulators Section 13.6.1 Integral Stream Base: dec, oct, hex and setbase 13.6.1 Q1: Which of the following is not a difference between hex and setbase? a. setbase is a parameterized stream manipulator and hex is not. b. setbase is provided by a different header file than hex. c. setbase(16) and hex have different effects on stream output. d. setbase takes an argument but hex does not.

ANS: c. setbase(16) and hex have different effects on stream output.

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Section 13.6.2 Floating-Point Precision (precision, setprecision) 13.6.2 Q1: What will be output by the following statements? double x{1.23456789}; cout << fixed; cout << setprecision(5) << x << endl; cout.precision(3); cout << x << endl; cout << x << endl; 1.2346 1.23 1.23 b. 1.23457 1.235 1.23456789 c. 1.2346 1.23 1.23456789 d. 1.23457 1.235 1.235 ANS: d. 1.23457 1.235 1.235

a.

Section 13.6.3 Field Width (width, setw) 13.6.3 Q1: Which of the following is not true about setw and width? a. If the width set is not sufficient the output prints as wide as it needs. b. They are used to set the field width of output. c. Both of them can perform two tasks, setting the field width and returning the current field width. d. They only apply for the next insertion/extraction.

ANS: c. Both of them can perform two tasks, setting the field width and returning the current field width.

Section 13.6.4 User-Defined Output Stream Manipulators 13.6.4 Q1: Which of the following is a valid user-defined output stream manipulator header? a. ostream& tab(ostream& output) b. ostream tab(ostream output) c. istream& tab(istream output) d. void tab(ostream& output) ANS: a. ostream& tab(ostream& output) Section 13.7 Stream Format States and Stream Manipulators Section 13.7.1 Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points (showpoint) 13.7.1 Q1: What will be output by the following statement? cout << showpoint << setprecision(4) << 11.0 << endl;

a. 11 b. 11.0 c. 11.00 d. 11.000 ANS: c. 11.00 ..

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Section 13.7.2 Justification (left, right and internal) 13.7.2 Q1: Which of the following stream manipulators causes an outputted number’s sign to be left justified, its magnitude to be right justified and the center space to be filled with fill characters? a. left b. right c. internal d. showpos ANS: c. internal Section 13.7.3 Padding (fill, setfill) 13.7.3 Q1: Which of the following statements restores the default fill character? a. cout.defaultFill(); b. cout.fill(); c. cout.fill(0); d. cout.fill(' '); ANS: d. cout.fill(' '); Section 13.7.4 Integral Stream Base (dec, oct, hex, showbase) 13.7.4 Q1: When the showbase flag is set: a. The base of a number precedes it in brackets. b. Decimal numbers are not output any differently. c. "oct" or "hex" will be displayed in the output stream. d. Octal numbers can appear in one of two ways.

ANS: b. Decimal numbers are not output any differently.

Section 13.7.5 Floating-Point Numbers; Scientific and Fixed Notation (scientific, fixed) 13.7.5 Q1: What will be output by the following statements? double x{.0012345}; cout << fixed << x << endl; cout << scientific << x << endl; 1.234500e-03 0.001234 b. 1.23450e-03 0.00123450 c. .001234 1.234500e-03 d. 0.00123450 1.23450e-03 ANS: c. 0.001234 1.234500e-03

a.

Section 13.7.6 Uppercase/Lowercase Control (uppercase) 13.7.6 Q1: Which of the following outputs does not guarantee that the uppercase flag has been set? a. All hexadecimal numbers appear in the form 0X87. b. All numbers written in scientific notation appear the form 6.45E+010. c. All text outputs appear in the form SAMPLE OUTPUT. d. All hexadecimal numbers appear in the form AF6.

ANS: c. All text outputs appear in the form SAMPLE OUTPUT.

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Section 13.7.7 Specifying Boolean Format (boolalpha) 13.7.7 Q1: Which of the following is not true about bool values and how they're output with the output stream? a. The old style of representing true/false values used -1 to indicate false and 1 to indicate true. b. A bool value outputs as 0 or 1 by default. c. Stream manipulator boolalpha sets the output stream to display bool values as the strings "true" and "false". d. Both boolalpha and noboolalpha are “sticky” settings.

ANS: a. The old style of representing true/false values used -1 to indicate false and 1 to indicate true.

Section 13.7.8 Setting and Resetting the Format State via Member Function flags 13.7.8 Q1: To reset the format state of the output stream: a. Call the reset member function. b. Call the flags member function with the ios_base::fmtflags constant as the argument. c. Save a copy of the fmtflags value returned by calling member function flags before making any format changes, and then call flags again with that fmtflags value as the argument. d. You must manually apply each individual format change member function or stream manipulator to restore the default format state.

ANS: c. Save a copy of the fmtflags value returned by calling member function flags before making any format changes, and then call flags again with that fmtflags value as the argument.

Section 13.8 Stream Error States 13.8 Q1: The good member function will return false if: a. The eof member function would return true. b. The bad member function would return true. c. The failbit member function would return true. d. Any of the above.

ANS: d. Any of the above.

13.8 Q2: The difference between the operator! member function and the operator void* member function is that: a. They always return opposite boolean values. b. They occasionally return opposite boolean values. c. Of the two member functions, only operator! checks if eof has been set. d. Of the two member functions, only operator void* checks if eof has been set.

ANS: a. They always return opposite boolean values.

13.8 Q3[C++11]: Overloaded operators can be used to test a stream’s state in conditions. The operator! member function, inherited into the stream classes from class basic_ios, returns true if the badbit, the failbit or both are true. The ________ member function (added in C++11) returns false if the badbit is true, the failbit is true or both are true. a. operator boolalpha b. operator! c. operator boolean d. operator bool ANS: d. bool.

Section 13.9 Tying an Output Stream to an Input Stream 13.9 Q1: Select the false statement. Outputs are: a. Flushed automatically at the end of a program. b. Flushed when the buffer fills. c. Able to be synchronized with inputs. d. Never automatically tied to inputs.

ANS: d. Never automatically tied to inputs.

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13.9 Q2: Untying an input stream, inputStream, from an output stream, outputStream, is done with the function call: a. inputStream.untie(). b. inputStream.untie(&outputStream). c. inputStream.tie(). d. inputStream.tie(0).

ANS: d. inputStream.tie(0).

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Chapter 14: File Processing Section 14.2 Files and Streams 14.2 Q1: Which of the following does not have a stream associated with it? a. cerr. b. cin. c. cout. d. All of the above have streams associated with them.

ANS c. All of the above have streams associated with them.

14.2 Q2: In order to perform file processing in C++, which header files must be included? a. <cstdio> , <iostream> and <fstream>. b. <cstdio> and <iostream>. c. <cstdio> and <fstream>. d. <iostream> and <fstream>.

ANS d. <iostream> and <fstream>.

14.2 Q3: Which of the following is not true about files? a. C++ views each file as a sequential stream of bytes. b. Files are opened by creating objects of stream classes. c. Member functions of stream objects can be applied to file streams. d. istream, ostream and iostream are derived from ifstream, ofstream and fstream, respectively.

ANS d. istream, ostream and iostream are derived from ifstream, ofstream and fstream, respectively.

Section 14.3 Creating a Sequential File 14.3 Q1: Select the false statement. a. C++ imposes no structure on a file. b. C++ files include information about their structure. c. The programmer must impose a structure on a file. d. C++ files do not understand notions such as “records” and “fields.”

ANS b. C++ files include information about their structure.

14.3 Q2: Which file open mode would be used to write data only at the end of an existing file? a. ios::app b. ios::in c. ios::out d. ios::trunc ANS a. ios::app 14.3 Q3: When used with ofstream objects, operator! is not: a. Overloaded. b. Used to determine if the open operation succeeded. c. Used to close a file explicitly. d. Used to return a nonzero value if an error occurs.

ANS c. Used to close a file explicitly.

14.3 Q4 [C++11]: Which of the following statements is true? a. When opening a file, you can specify the name of the file only as a pointer-based string. b. When opening a file, you can specify the name of the file only as a string object. c. When opening a file, you can specify the name of the file as either a pointer-based string or a string object. d. None of the above.

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Section 14.4 Reading Data from a Sequential File 14.4 Q1: Which of the following will not change the file-position pointer to the same position as the others?

Assume a 10-byte file size and a current position at byte # 1. a. fileObject.seekg(2); b. fileObject.seekg(1, ios::cur); c. fileObject.seekg(2, ios::beg); d. fileObject.seekg(8, ios::end); ANS d. fileObject.seekg(8, ios::end); 14.4 Q2: What is not true about this code segment? location = fileObject.tellg(); tellg is a member function of fileObject. location is a pointer.

The value of location after the segment executes must be less than or equal to the number of bytes in the file attached to fileObject. d. fileObject is an istream object.

ANS b. location is a pointer.

a. b. c.

Section 14.5 C++14: Reading and Writing Quoted Text 14.5 Q1: The new C++14 stream manipulator ________ enables a program to read quoted text from a stream, including any white space characters in the quoted text, and discards the double quote delimiters. For example, if we read 100 "Janie Jones" 24.98

using inClientFile>> account>> quoted(name)>> balance;

the first stream extraction reads 100 into the int variable account, the second reads Janie Jones as one string and stores it in the string variable name without the double-quote delimiters, and the third stream extraction reads 24.98 into the double variable balance. a. discard b. quoted c. hide d. literal ANS: b. quoted Section 14.6 Updating Sequential Files 14.6 Q1: Which of the following is not a disadvantage of trying to modify a sequential access file? a. Modifying data can potentially destroy other data. b. It may be necessary to rewrite every record in the file to make a slight change. c. Things that are stored in the same number of “raw data” bytes internally may not take up the same amount of space in a file. d. Overwriting a record with another record of the same size is very difficult.

ANS: d. Overwriting a record with another record of the same size is very difficult.

Section 14.7 Random-Access Files 14.7 Q1: Random access files are more effective than sequential files for: a. Instant access to data. b. Updating data easily. ..

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c. Inserting data into the file without destroying other data. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

14.7 Q2: A random access file is organized most like a(n): a. Array. b. Object. c. Class. d. Pointer.

ANS: a. Array.

Section 14.8 Creating a Random-Access File 14.8 Q1: Select the false statement. The write function: a. Creates unformatted data. b. Expects data type const char* as its first argument. c. Writes to files in hexadecimal format. d. Takes an argument of type size_t.

ANS: c. Writes to files in hexadecimal format.

14.8 Q2: Select the false statement. The reinterpret_cast operator: a. Changes the value of the object to which its operand points. b. Performs its operation at compile time. c. Is compiler-dependent and can cause programs to behave differently on different platforms. d. Is easy to use to perform dangerous manipulations that could lead to serious execution-time errors.

ANS: a. Changes the value of the object to which its operand points.

14.8 Q3: To write fixed-length records, use file open mode: a. ios::app b. ios::ate c. ios::trunc d. ios::binary ANS: d. ios::binary Section 14.9 Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access File 14.9 Q1: Which of the following functions would not be used to write data randomly to a random access file? a. tellg b. seekp c. write d. All of the above would be used.

ANS: a. tellg Section 14.10 Reading from a Random-Access File Sequentially 14.10 Q1: For an ifstream object A, a class type B and a local variable of type B called C, the proper way to read in one B object from A into C is: a. A.read(&C, sizeof(B)); b. A.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&C), sizeof(B)); c. A.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&C), B); d. A.read(char* (&C), sizeof(B)); ANS: b. A.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&C), sizeof(B)); Section 14.11 Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Program 14.11 Q1: Select the proper object type. __________ file("file.dat", ios::in | ios::out); ..

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a. iostream b. fstream c. ofstream d. ifstream ANS: b. fstream Section 14.11 Object Serialization No questions.

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Chapter 15: Standard Library Containers and Iterators Section 15.1 Introduction 15.1 Q1: Which of the following is not a key component of the Standard Library? a. Containers. b. Iterators. c. Algorithms. d. Pointers.

ANS d. Pointers.

Section 15.2 Introduction to Containers 15.2 Q1: Which of the following is not an Standard Library container type? a. Second-class containers. b. Sequence containers. c. Associative containers. d. Container adapters.

ANS a. Second-class containers.

15.2 Q2: Which of the following containers is not considered a near container? a. C-like arrays b. vectors c. strings d. bitsets ANS b. vectors Section 15.3 Introduction to Iterators 15.3 Q1: Iterators are similar to pointers because of the: a. * and ++ operators. b. -> operator. c. begin and end functions. d. & operator.

ANS a. * and ++ operators.

15.3 Q2: Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of iterator categories (weakest at the left)? a. Input/output, forward, bidirectional, random access. b. Random access, forward, bidirectional, input/output. c. Bidirectional, forward, random access, input/output. d. Input/output, bidirectional, forward, random access.

ANS a. Input/output, forward, bidirectional, random access.

15.3 Q3: Which category of iterators combines the capabilities of input and output iterators into one iterator? a. Forward iterators. b. Bidirectional iterators. c. Random access iterators. d. Input/output iterators.

ANS a. Forward iterators.

Section 15.4 Introduction to Algorithms 15.4 Q1: A Standard Library algorithm cannot: a. Return an iterator. b. Take two iterators as arguments to specify a range. c. Access Standard Library members directly. d. Be used with containers that support more powerful iterators than the minimum requirements for the algorithm.

ANS c. Access Standard Library members directly. © Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.

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15.4 Q2: Which of the following are mutating-sequence algorithms defined in the Standard Library? a. copy b. remove_if c. find d. Both (a) and (b).

ANS d. Both (a) and (b).

Section 15.5 Sequence Containers 15.5 Q1: Which of the following is not a sequence container provided by the Standard Library? a. vector b. array c. list d. deque ANS b. array 15.5 Q2: Which of the following applications would a deque not be well suited for? a. Applications that require frequent insertions and deletions at the front of a container. b. Applications that require frequent insertions and deletions in the middle of a container. c. Applications that require frequent insertions and deletions at the back of a container. d. Applications that require frequent insertions and deletions at the front and at the back of a container.

ANS: b. Applications that require frequent insertions and deletions in the middle of a container.

15.5 Q3: Which of the following is not a member function of all sequence containers? a. front b. middle c. back d. pop_back ANS: b. middle Section 15.5.1 vector Sequence Container 15.5.1 Q1: Which of the following is a difference between vectors and arrays? a. Access to any element using the [] operator. b. Stored in contiguous blocks of memory. c. The ability to change size dynamically. d. Efficient direct access to any element.

ANS: c. The ability to change size dynamically.

15.5.1 Q2: The erase member function of class vector cannot: a. Specify an element to be removed from the vector. b. Specify a value to be removed from the vector. c. Specify a range of elements to be removed from the vector. d. Be called by member function clear.

ANS: b. Specify a value to be removed from the vector.

15.5.1 Q3: Which of the following statements is false? a. C++14's global rbegin, rend, crbegin and crend functions are for iterating through a built-in array or a container from back to front. b. Functions rbegin and rend return iterators that can be used to modify data, and rcbegin and rcend return const iterators that cannot be used to modify data. c. Functions begin and end and their C++14 const and reverse versions may also receive container objects as arguments—each function calls the corresponding member function in its container argument. d. When iterating using iterators, it’s common for the loop-continuation condition to test whether the iterator has reached the end of the built-in array or the container. This technique is used by many Standard Library algorithms.

ANS: b. Functions rbegin and rend return iterators that can be used to modify data, and rcbegin and rcend return const iterators that cannot be used to modify data. Actually, rcbegin and rcend should be crbegin and crend, respectively. © Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.

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15.5.1 Q4 As of C++11, you can ask a vector or deque to return unneeded memory to the system by calling member function shrink_to_fit. This requests that the container reduce its capacity to the number of elements in the container. According to the C++ standard, implementations can ignore this request so that they can perform implementation-specific optimizations. a. minimize_memory b. shrink_to_fit c. reduce_capacity d. squeeze_to_size ANS: b. shrink_to_fit Section 15.5.2 list Sequence Container 15.5.2 Q1: The list sequence container does not: a. Efficiently implement insert and delete operations anywhere in the list. b. Use a doubly linked list. c. Support bidirectional iterators. d. Automatically sort inserted items.

ANS: d. Automatically sort inserted items.

15.5.2 Q2: Which of the following is not a member function of all sequence containers? a. front b. back c. push_front d. push_back ANS: c. push_front Section 15.5.3 deque Sequence Container 15.5.3 Q1: Class deque provides: a. Efficient indexed access to its elements. b. The ability to add storage at either end of the deque. c. Efficient insertion and deletion operations at the front and back of a deque. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

15.5.3 Q2: Unlike a vector, a deque: a. Provides efficient insertion and deletion only at its front. b. Does not provide indexed access with the subscript operator. c. Is not stored in contiguous memory. d. Cannot store as many different data types.

ANS: c. Is not stored in contiguous memory.

Section 15.6 Associative Containers 15.6 Q1: The main difference between set and multiset is: a. Their interface. b. That one deals with keys only, and the other deals with key/value pairs. c. Their efficiency. d. How they handle duplicate keys.

ANS: d. How they handle duplicate keys.

15.6 Q2: Data loss could occur if the contents of a __________ were placed into any of the other three associative container types. a. multiset. b. set. c. multimap. d. map.

ANS: c. multimap. © Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.

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Section 15.6.1 multiset Associative Container 15.6.1 Q1: The multiset associative container does not: a. Need a header file to be used. b. Use its comparator function object to determine the order of its data. c. Arrange its data in ascending order by default. d. Permit random access to its keys.

ANS: d. Permit random access to its keys.

15.6.1 Q2: Part of the functionality of member function _________ can be performed by member function lower_bound. a. equal_range b. find c. count d. insert ANS: a. equal_range 15.6.1 Q3: As of C++14, the argument to find (and other similar functions) can be of any type, provided that there are overloaded comparison operators that can compare values of the argument’s type to values of the container’s key type. If there are, no temporary objects will be created. This is known as ________ lookup. a. homogenous b. intergeneous c. heterogenous d. intrageneous ANS: c. heterogeneous Section 15.6.2 set Associative Container 15.6.2 Q1: If a program attempts to insert a duplicate key into a set: a. An exception is thrown. b. The set will contain multiple copies of that key. c. A compile error will occur. d. The duplicate key will be ignored.

ANS: d. The duplicate key will be ignored.

Section 15.6.3 multimap Associative Container 15.6.3 Q1: The expression std::multimap<int, double, std::less<int>>::value_type(15, 2.7):

a. Creates an empty multimap object. b. Creates a multimap object containing one key/value pair. c. Returns the number of times the key/value pair (15, 2.7) appears in the multimap. d. Creates a pair object in which first is 15 (type int) and second is 2.7 (type double).

ANS: d. Creates a pair object in which first is 15 (type int) and second is 2.7 (type double).

Section 15.6.4 map Associative Container 15.6.4 Q1: If pairs is a map containing int keys and double associated values, the expression pairs[5] = 10: a. Associates the value 10.0 to the key 5 in pairs. b. Associates the value 5.0 to the key 10 in pairs. c. Associates the value associated with key 10 to key 5 in pairs. d. Associates the value associated with key 5 to key 10 in pairs.

ANS: a. Associates the value 10.0 to the key 5 in pairs.

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Section 15.7 Container Adapters 15.7 Q1: Select the false statement. Container adapters: a. Do not provide the actual data structure implementation for elements to be stored. b. Have their data stored by underlying data structures. c. Can push and pop elements. d. Have limited iterator support.

ANS: d. Have limited iterator support.

Section 15.7.1 stack Adapters 15.7.1 Q1: To pop an element off the top of a stack for processing: a. Use member function top. b. Use member function pop. c. Use member function top and then member function pop. d. Use member function pop and then member function top.

ANS: c. Use member function top and then member function pop.

Section 15.7.2 queue Adapter 15.7.2 Q1: Which of the following is a not a member function of queue? a. enqueue b. pop c. empty d. size ANS: a. enqueue Section 15.7.3 priority_queue Adapters 15.7.3 Q1: Which of the following statements is true of a priority_queue? a. It does not allow insertions in sorted order. b. Each of its common operations is implemented as an inline function. c. A bucket sort is usually associated with it. d. It must be implemented as a deque.

ANS: b. Each of its common operations is implemented as an inline function.

Section 15.8 Class bitset 15.8 Q1: Which of the following bitset member functions cannot be called with an empty argument list? a. reset b. test c. size d. none ANS: b. test 15.8 Q2: Which bitset function could be used to create the logical not of a bitset object b? a. b.set() b. b.reset() c. b.flip() d. b.none() ANS: c. b.flip()

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15.8 Q3: Assuming that bitset b1 contains the bits [0 1 1 0] and bitset b2 contains the bits [1 1 1 1], which of the following expressions returns true? a. b1.any() b. b1 == b2 c. b1.test(3) d. b2.none() ANS: a. b1.any()

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Chapter 16: Standard Library Algorithms Section 16.2 Minimum Iterator Requirements No questions.

Section 16.3 Lambda Expressions 16.5 Q1: Lambdas begin with the lambda introducer ________, followed by a parameter and function body. a. [] b. () c. {} d. <> ANS: a. [] 16.5 Q2: Lambdas return types ________. a. cannot be inferred. b. can be inferred automatically if the body is a single statement of the form return expression; otherwise, the return type is void by default. c. are always void. d. None of the above.

ANS: b. can be inferred automatically if the body is a single statement of the form return expression; otherwise, the return type is void by default.

16.5 Q3: A lambda function can capture local variables ________ and manipulate them inside the lambda’s body. a. by value. b. by reference. c. by value or by reference. d. None of the above.

ANS: c. by value or by reference.

Section 16.4 Algorithms 16.3 Q1: The algorithms in the Standard Library: a. Use virtual function calls. b. Are implemented as member functions of the container classes. c. Do not depend on the implementation details of the containers on which they operate. d. Are not as efficient as the algorithms presented in most textbooks.

ANS: c. Do not depend on the implementation details of the containers on which they operate.

Section 16.4.1 fill, fill_n, generate and generate_n 16.4.1 Q1: The easiest way to set all the values of a vector to zero is to use function: a. fill b. fill_n c. generate d. generate_n ANS: a. fill 16.4.1 Q2: Which of the following function calls is a valid way to place elements into vector<char> chars? a. std::fill(chars.begin(), chars.end(), '5'); b. std::fill_n(chars.begin(), chars.end(), '5'); c. std::generate(chars.begin(), 10, '5'); d. std::generate_n(10, chars.end(), '5'); ANS: a. std::fill(chars.begin(), chars.end(), '5');

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16.4.1 Q3: Which of the following is a valid generator function prototype for use with generate or generate_n on a vector<char>? a. void nextLetter(); b. char nextLetter(); c. char nextLetter(char); d. char nextLetter(int); ANS: b. char nextLetter(); Section 16.4.2 equal, mismatch and lexicographical_compare 16.4.2 Q1: Given that v1 and v2 are vectors, what is returned by the function call std::equal(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin())

a. A bool indicating whether v1 and v2 are equal. b. A bool indicating whether the first element of v1, the last element of v1 and the first element of v2 are all equal. c. An iterator pointing to the first location where v1 and v2 are equal. d. An iterator pointing to the first location where v1 and v2 are not equal.

ANS: a. A bool indicating whether v1 and v2 are equal.

16.4.2 Q2: Function mismatch returns: a. The position number where the two specified sequences do not match. b. A pair containing the two elements in the specified sequences that do not match. c. A pair containing two iterators pointing to the two locations in the specified sequences that do not match. d. A bool indicating whether the two specified sequences do not match.

ANS: c. A pair containing two iterators pointing to the two locations in the specified sequences that do not match.

16.4.2 Q3[C++14]: Which of the following statements is false? a. With the C++14 version of the equal algorithm to compare two sequences of values for equality, the second sequence must contain at least as many elements as the first—equal returns false if the sequences are not of the same length. b. With the C++14 version of the mismatch algorithm to compare two sequences of values, the algorithm returns a pair of iterators indicating the location in each sequence of the first mismatched elements. If all the elements match, the two iterators in the pair are equal to the end iterator for each sequence. c. Always use C++11’s versions of equal and mismatch – these are preferred because they compare the lengths of the ranges for you, eliminating a potential source of logic errors. d. In C++14, use = rather than braces when initializing a variable declared with auto.

ANS: c. Always use C++11’s versions of equal and mismatch – these are preferred because they compare the lengths of the ranges for you, eliminating a potential source of logic errors. Actually, you should always use C++14’s versions of equal and mismatch – these are preferred because they compare the lengths of the ranges for you, eliminating a potential source of logic errors.

Section 16.4.3 remove, remove_if, remove_copy and remove_copy_if 16.4.3 Q1: Suppose you have a shopping list stored in a vector. What function would you use to remove all items in that vector that are under 10 dollars and place them in another container? a. remove b. remove_copy c. remove_if d. remove_copy_if ANS: d. remove_copy_if

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Section 16.4.4 replace, replace_if, replace_copy and replace_copy_if 16.4.4 Q1: The order of the arguments passed to function replace_copy_if must be: a. OutputIterator, InputIterator, ReplacementValue, PredicateFunction. b. InputIterator, OutputIterator, PredicateFunction, ReplacementValue. c. OutputIterator, InputIterator, InputIterator, ReplacementValue, PredicateFunction. d. InputIterator, InputIterator, OutputIterator, PredicateFunction, ReplacementValue.

ANS: d. InputIterator, InputIterator, OutputIterator, PredicateFunction, ReplacementValue.

Section 16.4.5 Mathematical Algorithms 16.4.5 Q1: Which of the following is not a mathematical algorithm included in the Standard Library? a. min_element b. copy c. transform d. accumulate ANS: b. copy 16.4.5 Q2: The for_each function applies a general function to each element in the specified range. This general function should: a. Take an argument of the elements’ type and return nothing. b. Take an argument of the elements’ type and return a value of the elements’ type. c. Take an argument of a non-const reference to the elements’ type and return nothing. d. Take an argument of a non-const reference to the elements’ type and return a value of the elements’ type.

ANS: a. Take an argument of the elements’ type and return nothing.

Section 16.4.6 Basic Searching and Sorting Algorithms 16.4.6 Q1: The easiest way to search through a list of names and output the first one that begins with a vowel would be to use function: a. find b. find_if c. sort d. binary_search ANS: b. find_if 16.4.6 Q2: Which algorithm cannot take a predicate function as an argument? a. find b. find_if c. sort d. binary_search ANS: a. find Section 16.4.7 swap, iter_swap and swap_ranges 16.4.7 Q1: Functions iter_swap and swap_ranges are similar in that both: a. Swap a range of elements. b. Take two arguments. c. Take forward iterators as arguments. d. Can only swap elements within the same array or container.

ANS: c. Take forward iterators as arguments.

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Section 16.4.8 copy_backward, merge, unique and reverse 16.4.8 Q1: Which of the following statements produces the same results as the statement: std::copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin());

if v1 and v2 are both 10-element vectors? a. std::copy_backward(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin()); b. std::copy_backward(v2.begin(), v2.end(), v1.begin()); c. std::copy_backward(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.end()); d. std::copy_backward(v2.begin(), v2.end(), v1.end()); ANS: c. std::copy_backward(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.end()); 16.4.8 Q2: Function template back_inserter returns: a. A container. b. An iterator for a container. c. An element in a container. d. A reference to an element in a container.

ANS: b. An iterator for a container.

Section 16.4.9 inplace_merge, unique_copy and reverse_copy 16.4.9 Q1: If v1 is a vector<int> containing some number of int elements sorted in ascending order, after these statements execute: std::vector<int> results1; std::vector<int> results2; std::unique_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::back_inserter(results1)); std::reverse_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::back_inserter(results2));

which of the following could be true? a. results1 contains more elements than results2. b. The first element in results1 matches the last element in results2. c. results1 is empty but results2 is not. d. None of the above.

ANS: b. The first element in results1 matches the last element in results2.

Section 16.4.10 Set Operations 16.4.10 Q1: The __________ function would produce the sequence 1, 5, 6 when passed the sequences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 2, 3, 4, 7 as first/second and third/fourth arguments, respectively. a. set_intersection b. set_difference c. set_union d. set_symmetric_difference ANS: b. set_difference 16.4.10 Q2: The __________ function would produce a sequence containing three elements when passed the sequences 1, 2 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as first/second and third/fourth arguments, respectively. a. set_intersection b. set_difference c. set_union d. set_symmetric_difference ANS: d. set_symmetric_difference

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Section 16.4.11 lower_bound, upper_bound and equal_range 16.4.11 Q1: Functions lower_bound, upper_bound and equal_range are different in their: a. Return types. b. First argument types. c. Second argument types. d. Third argument types.

ANS: a. Return types.

Section 16.4.12 min, max, minmax and minmax_element 16.4.12 Q1: Which of the following function calls would not return the value that is its first argument? a. std::min(3, 23) b. std::min('N', 'P') c. std::max(17, 16) d. std::max('d', 'k') ANS: d. std::max('d', 'k') Section 16.5 Function Objects 16.5 Q1: Function objects have their functions called by using: a. The dot operator (.) b. operator() c. The arrow operator (->) d. The binary scope resolution operator (::) ANS: b. operator() 16.5 Q2: Which of the following is not true of a class that will be used to instantiate function objects? a. It must overload the parentheses operator. b. It can have data members. c. It must be a concrete class. d. All of the above are true about a class that will be used to instantiate function objects.

ANS: d. All of the above are true about a class that will be used to instantiate function objects.

Section 16.6 Standard Library Algorithms Summary 16.6 Q1: Which of the following is not a category of the Standard Library algorithms? a. mutating sequence algorithms b. sorting and related algorithms c. generalized numeric operations d. All of the above are categories of the Standard Library Algorithms.

ANS: d. All of the above are categories of the Standard Library Algorithms.

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Chapter 17: Exception Handling: A Deeper Look Section 17.1 Introduction 17.1 Q1: Exception handling may allow a program to: a. Terminate in a controlled manner. b. Be more robust and fault-tolerant. c. Continue executing as if no problem was encountered. d. All of the above.

ANS d. All of the above.

Section 17.2 Exception-Handling Flow of Control: Defining an Exception Class 17.2 Q1: The correct order in which an exception is detected and handled is: a. try, catch, throw b. throw, catch, try c. catch, throw, try d. try, throw, catch ANS d. try, throw, catch 17.2 Q2: Once an exception is thrown, when can control return to the throw point? a. Never. b. Only after the exception is caught. c. Once the stack unwinding process is completed. d. Immediately after the exception is thrown.

ANS a. Never.

17.2 Q3: The try block cannot: a. Enclose the code that may throw the exception. b. Enclose its own catch blocks. c. Test enclosing try blocks for additional catch statements if this try block’s catch statements can’t match the exception being thrown. d. Have exceptions explicitly or implicitly thrown in the try block itself.

ANS b. Enclose its own catch blocks.

17.2 Q4: catch blocks are not required to contain: a. Braces { }. b. Parentheses ( ). c. Some form of parameter type indication. d. A parameter name.

ANS d. A parameter name.

17.2 Q5: An exception: a. Terminates program execution. b. Terminates the block where the exception occurred. c. Will terminate the block where the exception occurred unless a catch command stops it. d. Will not terminate a block unless explicitly instructed to do so.

ANS b. Terminates the block where the exception occurred.

Section 17.3 Rethrowing an Exception 17.3 Q1: To rethrow an exception, the exception handler must: a. Use the throw; statement. b. Use the throw command with the same parameters as the original exception. c. Return a reference to whatever caused the original exception. d. Not have attempted to process that exception at all.

ANS a. Use the throw; statement.

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17.3 Q2: Select the false statement. A rethrown exception: a. Is detected by the next enclosing try block. b. Is the immediate result of a throw command. c. Can be processed by exception handlers following the enclosing try block. d. Must have been fully processed at the time it was rethrown.

ANS d. Must have been fully processed at the time it was rethrown.

Section 17.4 Stack Unwinding 17.4 Q1: The purpose of stack unwinding is to: a. Attempt to catch exceptions that are not caught in their scope. b. Improve catch blocks by allowing them to handle multiple exceptions. c. Return control to the function that created the exception. d. Aid the terminate command in shutting down the program.

ANS: a. Attempt to catch exceptions that are not caught in their scope.

Section 17.5 When to Use Exception Handling 17.5 Q1: Exception handling should not be used: a. As an alternative for program control. b. To make error handling uniform on large projects. c. To deal with errors that do not arise very often. d. To deal with errors for components that will be widely used in other applications, such as classes and libraries.

ANS a. As an alternative for program control.

Section 17.6 noexcept: Declaring Functions That Do Not Throw Exceptions 17.6 Q1[C++11]: Which of the following statements is false? a. As of C++11, if a function does not throw any exceptions and does not call any functions that throw exceptions, you can explicitly state that a function does not throw exceptions by placing noexcept to the right of the function’s parameter list in both the prototype and the definition. b. Labeling a function noexcept indicates to client-code programmers that there’s no need to call the function in a try block. c. For a const member function, you must place noexcept after const. d. If a function that’s declared noexcept calls another function that throws an exception or executes a throw statement, the program returns to its caller.

ANS: d. If a function that’s declared noexcept calls another function that throws an exception or executes a throw statement, the program returns to its caller. Actually, if a function that’s declared noexcept calls another function that throws an exception or executes a throw statement, the program terminates.

Section 17.7 Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling 17.7 Q1: Select the false statement. If an exception is thrown from a constructor: a. The object being constructed will not be constructed. b. For an array, destructors for all array elements are called, even if those array elements have not yet been constructed. c. The exception can contain the error information that the constructor would not be able to return in the normal manner. d. For an object with member objects, and whose outer object has not been constructed, the destructor is called for the member objects.

ANS: b. For an array, destructors for all array elements are called, even if those array elements have not yet been constructed.

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Section 17.8 Processing new Failures 17.8 Q1: Select the false statement. Depending on the compiler: a. A failed new operation can return a 0. b. A failed new operation can throw a bad_alloc exception. c. A failed new operation can throw an exception if the <new> header file has been included. d. A failed new operation can automatically be caught at compile time.

ANS: d. A failed new operation can automatically be caught at compile time.

17.8 Q2: Select the false statement. The new operator: a. Can attempt to allocate as much memory as the programmer requests. b. Returns a pointer to a location in memory. c. Can indicate failure differently on different compilers. d. Throws a bad_alloc exception regardless of what function is registered with set_new_handler.

ANS: d. Throws a bad_alloc exception regardless of what function is registered with set_new_handler.

Section 17.9 Class unique_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation 17.9 Q1: If dynamic memory has been allocated for an object and an exception occurs, then: a. The catch block will not work properly. b. A memory leak could result. c. The object's constructor will cause another exception. d. Multiple pointers to memory could be created.

ANS: b. A memory leak could result.

17.9 Q2: Which statement about class unique_ptr (of the new C++ standard) and dynamic memory allocation is false? a. An object of class unique_ptr maintains a pointer to dynamically allocated memory. b. When a unique_ptr object destructor is called (for example, when a unique_ptr object goes out of scope), it performs a destroy operation on its pointer data member. c. Class template unique_ptr provides overloaded operators * and -> so that a unique_ptr object can be used just as a regular pointer variable is. d. Class unique_ptr is part of the new C++ standard and it replaces the deprecated auto_ptr class.

ANS: b. When a unique_ptr object destructor is called (for example, when a unique_ptr object goes out of scope), it performs a destroy operation on its pointer data member. [The operation is delete.]

17.9 Q3[C++14]: To initialize a unique_ptr, you can use C++14’s ________ function template, which allocates dynamic memory with operator new, then returns a unique_ptr to that memory. Prior to C++14, you’d pass the result of a new expression directly to unique_ptr’s constructor. a. create_unique b. make_unique c. get_unique d. form_unique ANS: b. make_unique Section 17.10 Standard Library Exception Hierarchy 17.10 Q1: Select the false statement regarding exceptions. a. The C++ standard has a hierarchy of exception classes. b. All exception classes are accessible via <exception>. c. Several classes derive from class exception. d. The what function can be overridden in each class derived from exception.

ANS: b. All exception classes are accessible via <exception>.

17.10 Q2: Which class indicates that an error occurred in which an arithmetic result was larger than the largest number that can be stored in the computer? ..

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a. invalid_argument. b. bad_exception. c. out_of_range. d. overflow_error.

ANS: d. overflow_error.

17.10 Q3: An advantage of using inheritance with exceptions is: a. The ability to catch related errors easily. b. Allowing catch statements to be imported into classes. c. The ability to explicitly test for derived class objects individually. d. The simplification of destructor calls for objects.

ANS: a. The ability to catch related errors easily.

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Chapter 18: Introduction to Custom Templates Section 18.1 Introduction 18.1 Q1: The relationship between function templates and function-template specializations is most similar to the relationship between: a. Classes and objects. b. Classes and functions. c. Functions and return types. d. Headers and source files.

ANS a. Classes and objects.

Section 18.2 Class Templates 18.2 Q1: Class templates: a. May include the statement template<typename Type> anywhere. b. Must put template<typename Type> before the class definition. c. Must include template<typename Type> inside the class definition. d. Have the option of including the optional statement template<typename Type>.

ANS: b. Must put template<typename Type> before the class definition.

18.2 Q2: For a class template, the scope resolution operator (::) is needed: a. Only in the definitions of the member functions defined outside the class. b. Both in the prototype and definition of a member function. c. Only if multiple class-template specializations will be created from this class template. d. In neither the definition nor prototype of member functions.

ANS: a. Only in the definitions of the member functions defined outside the class.

18.2 Q3: Function templates: a. Can include objects of template classes as parameters. b. Must have return type T. c. Do not need a separate template<typename type> statement if they take objects from a template class as a parameter. d. Do not need a separate template<typename type> statement.

ANS: a. Can include objects of template classes as parameters.

Section 18.3 Function Template to Manipulate a Class-Template Specialization Object No questions.

Section 18.4 Nontype Parameters 18.4 Q1: Nontype parameters are: a. Unable to have default arguments. b. Specified before the angle-bracket-enclosed type-parameter list. c. Constants. d. Required for class templates.

ANS: c. Constants.

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Section 18.5 Default Arguments for Template Type Parameters 18.5 Q1[C++11]: Which of the following is true? a. Only class templates may specify default type arguments for type parameters. b. Only function templates may specify default type arguments for type parameters. c. As of C++ 11, you can use default type arguments for template type parameters in function templates. d. None of the above.

ANS: c. As of C++ 11, you can use default type arguments for template type parameters in function templates.

18.5 Q2: Default type parameters are allowed only: a. If the class template also has nontype parameters. b. If the class template does not have any nontype parameters. c. If the class is used as a container class. d. As the rightmost (trailing) parameters in a template’s type-parameter list.

ANS: d. As the rightmost (trailing) parameters in a template’s type-parameter list.

Section 18.6 Overloading Function Templates 18.6 Q1: A function template can be overloaded by: a. Using other function templates with the same function name and parameters. b. Using non-template functions with the same name and different parameters. c. Using non-template functions with a different name but the same parameters. d. Using other function templates with a different name but the same parameters.

ANS b. Using non-template functions with the same name and different parameters.

18.6 Q2: Assuming that all four of the following functions are defined, which one will be called by the function call square(23.4)? a. template<typename T> T square(T num) template<typename T1, typename T2> T1 square(T1 num1, T2 num2) c. int square(int num) d. double square(double num) ANS d. double square(double num)

b.

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Chapter 19: Custom Templatized Data Structures Section 19.1 Introduction 19.1 Q1: Which of the following is not a dynamic data structure? a. Linked list. b. Stack. c. Array. d. Binary tree.

ANS c. Array.

19.1 Q2: In general, linked lists allow: a. Insertions and removals anywhere. b. Insertions and removals only at one end. c. Insertions at the back and removals from the front. d. None of the above.

ANS b. Insertions and removals anywhere.

19.1 Q3: Which data structure represents a waiting line and limits insertions to be made at the back of the data structure and limits removals to be made from the front? a. Stack. b. Queue. c. Binary tree. d. Linked list.

ANS b. Queue.

Section 19.2 Self-Referential Classes 19.2 Q1: Which of the following is a self-referential object? a. class SelfRefer {

int* xPtr; }; b. class selfRefer { selfRefer x; }; c. class SelfRefer { SelfRefer* xPtr; }; d. class SelfRefer1 { SelfRefer2 x; }; class SelfRefer2 { SelfRefer1 x; }; ANS c. class SelfRefer { SelfRefer* xPtr; };

19.2 Q2: The pointer member in a self-referential class is referred to as a: a. Link. b. Connector. c. Tie. d. Referrer.

ANS a. Link.

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Section 19.3 Linked Lists 19.3 Q1: __________ is not an advantage of linked lists when compared to arrays. a. Dynamic memory allocation. b. Efficient insertion and deletion. c. Direct access to any list element. d. No need to allocate extra space, “just in case.”

ANS c. Direct access to any list element.

19.3 Q2: For a non-empty linked list, select the code that should appear in a function that adds a node to the end of the list. newPtr is a pointer to the new node to be added and lastPtr is a pointer to the current last node. Each node contains a pointer nextPtr. a. lastPtr->nextPtr = newPtr; lastPtr = newPtr lastPtr = newPtr; lastPtr->nextPtr = newPtr c. newPtr->nextPtr = lastPtr; lastPtr = newPtr d. lastPtr = newPtr; newPtr->nextPtr = lastPtr ANS a. lastPtr->nextPtr = newPtr; lastPtr = newPtr.

b.

19.3 Q3: What kind of linked list begins with a pointer to the first node, and each node contains a pointer to the next node, and the pointer in the last node points back to the first node? a. Circular, singly-linked list. b. Circular, doubly-linked list. c. Singly-linked list. d. Doubly-linked list.

ANS a. Circular, singly-linked list.

19.3 Q4: How many pointers are contained as data members in the nodes of a circular, doubly linked list of integers with five nodes? a. 5 b. 8 c. 10 d. 15 ANS c. 10 Section 19.4 Stacks 19.4 Q1: Which of the following statements about stacks is incorrect? a. Stacks can be implemented using linked lists. b. Stacks are first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structures. c. New nodes can only be added to the top of the stack. d. The last node (at the bottom) of a stack has a null ( 0) link.

ANS b. Stacks are first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structures.

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19.4 Q2: A stack is initially empty, then the following commands are performed: push 5 push 7 pop push 10 push 5 pop

Which of the following is the correct stack after those commands (assume the top of the stack is on the left)? a. 5 10 7 5 b. 5 10 c. 7 5 d. 10 5 ANS: d. 10 5 Section 19.5 Queues 19.5 Q1: A queue performs the following commands (in pseudo-code): enqueue 4, 6, 8, 3, 1 dequeue three elements enqueue 3, 1, 5, 6 dequeue two elements What number is now at the front of the queue? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 ANS: a. 3 19.5 Q2: A linked list has the functions insertAtFront, removeFromFront, insertAtBack and removeFromBack, which perform operations on nodes exactly as their names describe. Which two functions would most naturally model the enqueue and dequeue operations, respectively, of a queue? a. insertAtBack and removeFromBack. b. insertAtBack and removeFromFront. c. removeFromFront and insertAtFront. d. removeFromFront and insertAtBack.

ANS: b. insertAtBack and removeFromFront.

Section 19.6 Trees 19.6 Q1: Select the incorrect statement. Binary search trees (regardless of the order in which the values are inserted into the tree): a. Always have multiple links per node. b. Can be sorted efficiently. c. Always have the same shape for a particular set of data. d. Are nonlinear data structures.

ANS: c. Always have the same shape for a particular set of data.

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19.6 Q2: If you add the following nodes to a binary search tree in the order they appear (left-to-right): 6 34 17 19 16 10 23 3 what will be the output of a postorder traversal of the resulting tree? a. 3 10 16 23 19 17 34 6 b. 3 6 17 16 10 19 23 34 c. 6 3 34 17 16 10 19 23 d. 10 16 23 19 17 34 3 6 ANS: a. 3 10 16 23 19 17 34 6 19.6 Q3: Which of the following tasks would a binary search tree not be well suited for? a. Duplicate elimination. b. Searching. c. Sorting. d. Reversing an unsorted sequence.

ANS: d. Reversing an unsorted sequence.

19.6 Q4: If you have a 1000-element balanced binary search tree, what is the maximum number of comparisons that may be needed to find an element in the tree? a. 500 b. 20 c. 10 d. 8 ANS: c. 10

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Chapter 20: Searching and Sorting Section 20.2 Searching Algorithms 20.2 Q1: Which of the following statements about searching algorithms and their efficiency is false? a. The major difference between various searching algorithms is the amount of effort they require to complete the search. b. Big O notation is one way to describe how likely it is that a searching algorithm will find its target. c. The effort required to perform a search or a sort is particularly dependent on the number of data elements. d. A more efficient searching algorithm is usually more complex and difficult to implement.

ANS b. Big O notation is one way to describe how likely it is that a searching algorithm will find its target.

Section 20.2.1 Linear Search 20.2.1 Q1: Which of the following is not a valid runtime description according to Big O notation? a. O(1) b. O(n) c. O(n2) d. All of the above are valid.

ANS: d. All of the above are valid.

20.2.1 Q2: An algorithm that requires __________ operations to complete its task on n data elements is said to have linear runtime. a. n3 + 9 b. 3 n2 + 3 n + 2 c. 2 n + 1 d. 6 ANS c. 2 n + 1 Section 20.2.2 Binary Search 20.2.2 Q1: The first step performed by the binary search algorithm at each iteration is to: a. Compare the search key with the lowest element in the current subvector. b. Compare the search key with the middle element in the current subvector. c. Compare the search key with the highest element in the current subvector. d. Count the number of elements in the current subvector.

ANS b. Compare the search key with the middle element in the current subvector.

20.2.2 Q2: At most, how many comparisons are required to search a sorted vector of 1023 elements using the binary search algorithm? a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 30 ANS a. 10 Section 20.3 Sorting Algorithms 20.3 Q1: The choice of which sorting algorithm to use does not affect: a. How sorted the vector will be. b. The time it takes for the sorting operation to complete. c. The amount of memory used by the program. d. All of the above will be affected by the choice of sorting algorithm.

ANS a. How sorted the vector will be.

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Section 20.3.1 Insertion Sort 20.3.1 Q1: Which of the following represents the efficiency of the insertion sort? a. O(1) b. O(n) c. O(n2) d. None of the above.

ANS: c. O(n2) Section 20.3.2 Selection Sort 20.3.2 Q1: Selection sort has a Big O of: a. O(2n) b. O(n2) c. O(½n2) d. O((n2 – n)/2 ) ANS: b. O(n2) Section 20.3.3 Merge Sort (A Recursive Implementation) 20.3.3 Q1: The merge sort algorithm: a. Can be used only on vectors of even length. b. Works by reducing vectors down to the base case of a two-element vector. c. Works by merging two sorted vectors into one larger sorted vector. d. Cannot be implemented recursively.

ANS: c. Works by merging two sorted vectors into one larger sorted vector.

20.3.3 Q2: A merge sort operation runs in: a. O(log n) time. b. O(n) time. c. O(n log n) time. d. O(n2) time.

ANS: c. O(n log n) time.

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Chapter 21: Class string and String Stream Processing Section 21.1 Introduction 21.1 Q1: Which of the following is an invalid definition? a. string sa = "computers"; b. string sb{"computers"}; c. string sc{'c'}; d. string sd{9, 'c'}; ANS c. string sc{'c'}; 21.1 Q2: strings: a. Can use the subscript operator to access individual characters. b. Must be null-terminated. c. Are pointers. d. Have a first subscript of 1.

ANS a. Can use the subscript operator to access individual characters.

Section 21.2 string Assignment and Concatenation 21.2 Q1: Which of the following is not an argument of the assign member function? a. The start location. b. The number of characters to copy. c. The end location. d. The string to copy.

ANS c. The end location.

21.2 Q2: Which of the following is not overloaded for strings? a. -= b. >> c. += d. getline() ANS a. -= 21.2 Q3: Which of the following cannot be used to concatenate strings? a. + b. += c. append d. assign ANS d. assign Section 21.3 Comparing strings 21.3 Q1: Given the strings defined below, which statement will not return 0? string s1{"Mighty Mouse"}; string s2{"Mickey Mouse"};

a. s1.compare(0, 3, s2, 0, 3); b. s1.compare(7, 5, s2, 7, 5); c. s1.compare(8, 12, s2, 8, 12); d. s1.compare(7, 11, s2, 7, 11); ANS a. s1.compare(0, 3, s2, 0, 3);

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21.3 Q2: What type of value is returned by the overloaded equality and relational operators for strings? a. int b. bool c. double d. null ANS b. bool 21.3 Q3: If string s1 is lexicographically greater than string s2, then the value returned by s2.compare(0, s2.size(), s1) must be?

a. 0 b. -1 c. A negative number. d. A positive number.

ANS c. A negative number.

Section 21.4 Substrings 21.4 Q1: If string s contains "antidisestablishmentarianism", then s.substr(7, 13) would be: a. "establish" b. "ishmenta" c. "establi" d. "establishment" ANS d. "establishment" Section 21.5 Swapping strings 21.5 Q1: Class string has member function __________ to interchange the data stored in two string objects a. exchange b. switch c. swap d. copyto ANS c. swap Section 21.6 string Characteristics 21.6 Q1: The total number of elements that can be stored in a string without increasing its current amount of allocated memory is called its: a. Size. b. Length. c. Capacity. d. Maximum size.

ANS: c. Capacity.

21.6 Q2: Which of the following returns a bool? a. length b. empty c. capacity d. resize ANS: b. empty

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21.6 Q3: Which function changes the actual string stored in the string object (i.e., is not a const member function)? a. length b. empty c. capacity d. resize ANS: d. resize Section 21.7 Finding Substrings and Characters in a string 21.7 Q1: Which of the following searches through a string object from right-to-left? a. find b. find_first_of c. find_last_of d. find_first_not_of ANS: c. find_last_of 21.7 Q2: Which of the following would not return string::npos when used on the string s which contains "rack": a. s.find_first_not_of("crackling"); b. s.find_first_not_of("packrat"); c. s.rfind("car"); d. s.find("ack"); ANS: d. s.find("ack"); Section 21.8 Replacing Characters in a string 21.8 Q1: The function call string1.erase(5) will: a. Return a copy of string1 minus the character that occupied position 5. b. Erase all characters up to and including the character in position 5 from string1. c. Erase all characters starting from and including the character in position 5 to the end of string1. d. Return a copy of string1 minus every fifth character.

ANS: c. Erase all characters starting from and including the character in position 5 to the end of string1.

21.8 Q2: The arguments passed to replace do not include: a. The subscript of the element where the replace operation ends. b. The subscript of the element where the replace operation begins. c. A replacement character string from which a substring is used to replace characters. d. The element in the replacement character string where the replacement substring begins.

ANS: a. The subscript of the element where the replace operation ends.

Section 21.9 Inserting Characters into a string 21.9 Q1: If string s1 has the value "computer" and string s2 has the value "promise", which call to insert will produce the string "compromise"? a. s1.insert(4, s2, 0, string::npos); b. s1.insert(string::npos, s2, 0, 4); c. s2.insert(0, s1, 0, 3); d. s2.insert(3, s1, 0, 3); ANS: c. s2.insert(0, s1, 0, 3);

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Section 21.10 Conversion to Pointer-Based char * Strings 21.10 Q1: Which of the following is false? a. If a string is converted to a C-style array using data, modifying the string could cause the pointer previously returned by data to become invalid. b. Converting a string containing one or more null characters to a C-style string can cause logic errors. c. c_str returns a character array of the same length as the string object it is called on. d. copy implicitly converts a string to a non-null terminated character array.

ANS: c. c_str returns a character array of the same length as the string object it is called on.

Section 21.11 Iterators 21.11 Q1: Iterators do not: a. Allow the characters to be modified. b. Allow backward traversal of strings. c. Have range checking. d. Have syntax similar to pointer operations.

ANS: c. Have range checking.

21.11 Q2: What is the code for a loop that iterates from the end of a string toward the beginning? a. string::reverse_iterator i{s.begin()}; while (i != s.end()) { cout << *i; ++i; } b. string::reverse_iterator i{s.rbegin()}; while (i != s.rend()) { cout << *i; ++i; } c. string::reverse_iterator i{s.end()}; while (i != s.begin()) { cout << *i; --i; } d. string::reverse_iterator i{s.rbegin()}; while (i != s.rend()) { cout << *i; --i; } ANS: d. string::reverse_iterator i{s.rbegin()}; while (i != s.rend()) { cout << *i; --i; }

21.11 Q3: string iterators: a. Must be dereferenced in order to access the character at each location. b. Are not range checked. c. Come in const and non-const forms. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

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21.11 Q4: Which of the following provides bounds checking? a. at b. iterator c. reverse_iterator d. [ ] ANS: a. at Section 21.12 String Stream Processing 21.12 Q1: The capabilities of inputting and outputting strings in memory are known as: a. String i/o manipulation. b. String stream processing. c. Character handling. d. Dynamic string operations.

ANS: b. String stream processing.

21.12 Q2: All of the following are true of an ostringstream object except that: a. It uses a string to store output data. b. A stream insertion operation cannot be used to append additional data to it. c. The string data it stores is dynamically allocated. d. The data it stores can be accessed using the function str.

ANS: b. A stream insertion operation cannot be used to append additional data to it.

21.12 Q3: Which of the following does not apply to an istringstream object? a. Data is stored in the object as characters. b. Input from the object works identically to input from any file stream. c. Data in a string can be appended to it. d. It is used to inputs data from a string in memory to program variables.

ANS: c. Data in a string can be appended to it.

Section 21.13 C++11 Numeric Conversion Functions 21.13 Q1: Which of the following statements about C++11's functions for converting string objects to numeric values is false? a. Each function attempts to convert its entire string argument to a numeric value. b. If no conversion can be performed, an invalid_argument exception occurs. c. If the result of the conversion is out of range for the function’s return type, an out_of_range exception occurs. d. None of the above.

ANS: a. Each function attempts to convert its entire string argument to a numeric value. Actually, each function attempts to convert the beginning of its string argument to a numeric value.

21.13 Q2[C++11]: Which of the statements a), b) and c) is false? a. C++11’s <string> header now contains functions for converting from numeric values to string objects and from string objects to numeric values. b. The to_string function returns the string representation of its numeric argument and is overloaded for types int, unsigned int, long, unsigned long, long long, unsigned long long, float, double and long double. c. Each C++11 function that converts a string to an integral type receives two parameters—a string containing the characters to convert and a pointer to a size_t variable where the function stores the index of the first character that was not converted (a null pointer, by default). d. All of the above statements are true.

ANS: c. Each C++11 function that converts a string to an integral type receives two parameters—a string containing the characters to convert and a pointer to a size_t variable where the function stores the index of the first character that was not converted (a null pointer, by default). Actually, each C++11 function that converts a string to an integral type receives three parameters—the third is an int from 2 to 36 representing the number’s base (base 10, by default).

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Chapter 22: Bits, Characters, C Strings and structs Section 22.1 Introduction 22.1 Q1: The main difference between structures and classes is: a. Whether they default to public or private access. b. How they access member variables. c. That classes always require new be used with them while structures do not. d. There is no difference between structures and classes.

ANS a. Whether they default to public or private access.

Section 22.2 Structure Definitions 22.2 Q1: Structure variable declarations can be incorporated into a structure definition by placing a commaseparated list of variable names: a. After struct StructureName and before the left brace. b. After the left brace and before the member declarations. c. After the member declarations and before the right brace. d. After the right brace and before the semicolon.

ANS d. After the right brace and before the semicolon.

22.2 Q2: Two structure variables of the same type with the same member values, when compared will: a. Always compare equally. b. Never compare equally. c. Sometimes compare equally. d. Result in a compile error.

ANS d. Result in a compile error.

Using Structures with Functions 22.2 Q4: Arrays are: a. Always passed by reference. b. Passed by reference unless inside a structure. c. Passed by reference unless their elements are structures. d. Always passed by value.

ANS b. Passed by reference unless inside a structure.

Section 22.3 typedef and using 22.3 Q1: typedef is used to: a. Create a type name that is an alias for another type name. b. Make a struct private. c. Cast one struct to another type. d. Initialize struct members.

ANS a. Create a type name that is an alias for another type name.

22.3 Q2: The advantages of using typedef do not include: a. Making programs more portable by allowing data types to be easily changed to meet system specifications. b. Making type names shorter. c. Making programs more readable. d. Increasing the efficiency of accessing struct member variables.

ANS: d. Increasing the efficiency of accessing struct member variables.

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22.3 Q3[C++11]: Which of the following statements is false? a. Names for structure types are often defined with typedef to create more readable type names. b. The statement typedef Card* CardPtr;

defines the new type name CardPtr as a synonym for type Card*. c. Creating a new name with typedef does not create a new type; typedef simply creates a new type name that can then be used in the program as an alias for an existing type name. d. C++11 added the keyword using as another mechanism for creating type aliases. The following declaration is equivalent to the typedef in part b): using Card* = CardPtr;

ANS: d. C++11 added the keyword using as another mechanism for creating type aliases. The following declaration is equivalent to the typedef in part b): using Card* = CardPtr;

Actually, the statement should be using CardPtr = Card*;

Section 22.4 Example: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 22.4 Q1: Which is the proper way to create a built-in array of structure variables of type Data? a. MyArray Data[10] b. Data MyArray[10]; c. Data struct myArray[10]; d. struct MyArray[Data]; ANS: b. Data MyArray[10]; Section 22.5 Bitwise Operators 22.5 Q1: The most basic unit of data on a computer is the: a. Bit. b. Byte. c. File. d. int.

ANS: a. Bit. 22.5 Q2: Which of the following is not a bitwise operator? a. ^ b. >> c. ~ d. * ANS: d. * 22.5 Q3: Let Bit1 = Bit2 = 1. Which of the following does not have the same result as the others? a. Bit1 & Bit2 b. Bit1 | Bit2 c. Bit1 ^ Bit2 d. ~(~Bit2) ANS: c. Bit1 ^ Bit2

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22.5 Q4: Evaluate (00001000 & 11000101) ^ (11110000). a. 00001101 b. 11000000 c. 00111101 d. 11110000 ANS: d. 11110000 22.5 Q5: Let x be an unsigned int on a machine with 4-byte unsigned ints. What effect does x>>=1; x<<=1;

have? a. There is no effect. b. The leftmost bit of x is set to 0. c. The rightmost bit of x is set to 0. d. Both (b) and (c).

ANS: c. The rightmost bit of x is set to 0.

22.5 Q6: For any nonzero 8-bit x, which of the following does not result in zero? a. x &= (~x) b. x ^= x c. x <<= 8 d. x |= x ANS: d. x |= x 22.6 Q7[C++14] : Which of the statements a), b) and c) is false? a. To create a binary literal, precede a sequence of 1s and 0s with 0b or 0B. b. You can define a 32-bit mask as 0b10000000'00000000'00000000'00000000 c. The literal in part b) uses C++14’s single-quote character to separate groups of digits for readability. d. All of the above statements are true.

ANS: d. All of the above statements are true.

Section 22.6 Bit Fields 22.6 Q1: A bit field must be declared as a: a. int or unsigned. b. char. c. float. d. long.

ANS: a. int or unsigned.

22.6 Q2: The number of bits in a bit field is specified with: a. Parentheses as in bitfield(4) b. A colon as in bitfield : 4 c. Brackets as in bitfield[4] d. A dot as in bitfield.4 ANS: b. A colon as in bitfield : 4 22.6 Q3: __________ is not allowed. a. Accessing individual bits in a multi-bit bit field. b. Padding a bit field with bits that cannot be accessed. c. Having an unnamed bit field. d. Having a bit field with a zero width.

ANS: a. Accessing individual bits in a multi-bit bit field. © Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.

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Section 22.7 Character-Handling Library 22.7 Q1: The functions of the character-handling library typically manipulate characters as: a. ints b. floats c. longs d. chars ANS: a. ints 22.7 Q2: The isxdigit function would return false on: a. a b. A c. 2 d. g ANS: d. g Section 22.8 C String-Manipulation Functions 22.8 Q1: Which of the following correctly copies the contents of string2 into string1? Assume that string2 is equal to "goodbye" and string1 is equal to "good morning"? a. strcpy(string1, string2);. b. strcpy(string1, string2, 6);. c. Strncpy(string1, string2, 5);. d. strncpy(string1, string2, 6);.

ANS: a. strcpy(string1, string2);.

22.8 Q2: Assuming that string1 = "hello" and string2 = "hello world", which of the following returns 0? a. strcmp(string1, string2);. b. strcmp(string1, string2, 6);. c. Strncmp(string1, string2, 5);. d. strncmp(string1, string2, 6);.

ANS: c. strncmp(string1, string2, 5);.

22.8 Q3: strtok does not: a. Replace each delimiting character with '\0'. b. Return a pointer to the token it creates. c. Completely tokenize the string the first time it is called. d. Modify the input string.

ANS: c. Completely tokenize the string the first time it is called.

Section 22.9 C String-Conversion Functions 22.9 Q1: The strtol and stroul functions do not: a. Need a header file to be used. b. Take three arguments. c. Have the same return types. d. Have the ability to return data in base 8.

ANS: c. Have the same return types.

22.9 Q2: The main difference between the functions atof, atoi and atol is: a. Their return types. b. Their arguments. c. Their header files. d. Their efficiency.

ANS: a. Their return types. © Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Pearson Education, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.

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Section 22.10 Search Functions of the C String-Handling Library 22.10 Q1: Which function would be the most useful for determining if a certain word is contained in a string representing a sentence? a. strcspn. b. strchr. c. strstr. d. strrchr.

ANS: c. strstr.

22.10 Q2: What is the output of the following statement? cout << strspn("Cows like to moo.", "Ceik losw");

a. Nothing. b. 10. c. 8. d. e.

ANS: b. 10.

Section 22.11 Memory Functions of the C String-Handling Library 22.11 Q1: The ___________ function allows characters of one part of a string to be copied into another, overlapping part of the same string. a. memchr b. memcmp c. memcpy d. memmove ANS: d. memmove 22.11 Q2: memcmp would return ___________ for the call memcmp("Hi, how are you?", "Hi, how are things?", 6). a. 1 b. A positive number. c. 0 d. A negative number.

ANS: c. 0 22.11 Q3: To change the string "ABCDEFGHI" to "aaaaaFGHI" you would use the _________ function. a. memset b. memcmp c. memchr d. memcopy ANS: a. memset

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Chapter 23: Other Topics Section 23.2 const_cast Operator 23.2 Q1: The const_cast operator can be used to cast away ___________ or ____________ qualifications. a. const, volatile. b. The const-ness property, remove. c. Property, const. d. enum, #define.

ANS a. const, volatile.

23.2 Q2: The const_cast operator is needed when __________ data must be treated as ___________ data. a. const, const b. Non-const, const c. const, non-const d. Non-const, non-const ANS: c. const, non-const Section 23.3 Storage Classes and Storage Duration 23.3 Q1: An identifier’s storage class: a. Determines whether an identifier is known only in the current source file or in any source file with proper declarations. b. Determines the period during which that identifier exists in memory . c. Determines where the identifier can be referenced in a program . d. All of the above.

ANS: b. Determines the period during which that identifier exists in memory.

23.3 Q2: In C++0x, Depending on the circumstances, the compiler may ignore the storage class specifier: a. auto. b. register. c. static. d. extern.

ANS: b. register.

23.3 Q3: Which of the following is not true of static local variables? a. They are accessible outside of the function in which they are defined . b. They retain their values when the function in which they are defined terminates . c. They are initialized to zero if not explicitly initialized by the programmer . d. They can be of type int.

ANS: a. They are accessible outside of the function in which they are defined.

23.3 Q3: If a certain object’s data members need to be frequently modified by const functions, it is best to: a. Declare the member values non-const. b. Declare the member values mutable. c. Use const_cast to make the member values modifiable. d. Use static_cast to make the member values modifiable.

ANS: b. Declare the member values mutable.

Section 23.4 namespaces 23.4 Q1: ___________ is/are used to solve the problem of variables with the same name and overlapping scopes. a. namespaces. b. Classes. c. Casts. d. Dynamic memory allocation.

ANS: a. namespaces. ..

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23.4 Q2: Without the statement __________, all __________ statements must be written as std::cout. a. using namespace std;, cout b. using std namespace;, cout c. using std::namespace;, cout d. using std;, namespace std::cout ANS: a. using namespace std;, cout 23.4 Q3: namespace definitions are different from class definitions because: a. namespace definitions do not end in semicolons. b. namespace definitions are not delimited by braces {}. c. namespaces cannot contain functions. d. namespaces cannot contain variables.

ANS: a. namespace definitions do not end in semicolons.

23.4 Q4: ____________ namespace members appear to occupy the ___________ namespace and do not have to be qualified with a namespace name. a. Global, unnamed. b. Unnamed, global. c. Named, static. d. Named, global.

ANS: b. Unnamed, global.

23.4 Q5: Individual namespace members can be accessed without a namespace qualifier: a. If the using namespace all; directive is included at the beginning of the file. b. At any time. c. Only if the namespace is declared inside of main. d. If the individual member is mentioned in a using namespace::namespacemember declaration.

ANS: d. If the individual member is mentioned in a using namespace::namespacemember declaration.

23.4 Q6: namespaces cannot contain: a. Any functions. b. main. c. Classes. d. Other namespaces.

ANS: b. main.

Section 23.5 Operator Keywords 23.5 Q1: Which operator keyword corresponds to ^? a. xor b. xor_eq c. or d. or_eq ANS: a. xor 23.5 Q2: Which operator corresponds to operator keyword and_eq? a. && b. != c. & d. &= ANS: d. &=

..

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Section 23.6 Pointers to Class Members (.* and ->*) 23.6 Q1: Which symbol is used to access class members via pointers to class members? a. -> b. .* c. . d. *.

ANS: b. .* 23.6 Q2: Which of the following declares a pointer ptr to a class member function in class Check that takes an int argument and returns a bool? a. bool:( int ) ( *Check::ptr ); b. Check::( bool ( *ptr )( int ) ); c. bool ( Check::*ptr )( int ); d. bool*( int ) Check::ptr; ANS: c. bool ( Check::*ptr )( int ); 23.6 Q3: Assuming that ptr is a pointer to a class data member of class Check and obj is a pointer to a Check object, which of the following statements would be used to output that data member? a. cout << obj.*ptr; b. cout << ( *obj ).*ptr; c. cout << obj->*ptr(); d. cout << ( *obj )->*ptr; ANS: b. cout << ( *obj ).*ptr; Section 23.7 Multiple Inheritance 23.7 Q1: Multiple inheritance means that a derived class inherits the members of several: a. Derived classes. b. public classes. c. Direct base classes. d. Indirect base classes, but exactly one direct base class.

ANS: c. Direct base classes.

23.7 Q2: If a derived class inherits from two base classes that both define a certain member function, then an ambiguity problem will arise when: a. An object of a base class calls that certain member function. b. An object of the derived class calls that certain member function. c. A pointer of a base class type pointing to an object of the derived class calls that certain member function. d. None of the above.

ANS: b. An object of the derived class calls that certain member function.

Section 23.8 Multiple Inheritance and virtual Base Classes 23.8 Q1: Duplicate __________ could result from ___________. a. subobjects, multiple inheritance. b. superobjects, multiple inheritance. c. superclasses, downcasting a pointer. d. subclasses, upcasting a pointer.

ANS: a. subobjects, multiple inheritance.

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23.8 Q2: __________ inheritance solves the problem of duplicate subobjects. a. protected b. virtual c. const d. static ANS: b. virtual 23.8 Q3: For multiple inheritance, the ______________ is responsible for initializing the _________ base class. a. Most derived class, virtual b. Least derived class, virtual c. Most derived class, const d. First derived class, virtual ANS: a. Most derived class, virtual

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Chapter 24: C++11 Additional Features Section 24.1 Introduction No Questions Section 24.2 Smart Pointers 24.2 Q1:. Smart pointers ________. a. strengthen the process of memory allocation and deallocation b. help you write exception safe code c. help prevent memory leaks d. all of the above ANS: d. all of the above 24.2 Q2:. If a program throws an exception before delete has been called on a pointer, it creates a memory leak.

After an exception is thrown, a(n) ________ destructor will still be called, which calls delete on the pointer for you. a. reference’s b. inherited c. smart pointer’s d. virtual ANS: c. smart pointer’s 24.2 Q3: A unique_ptr automatically calls ________ to free its associated dynamic memory when the unique_ptr is destroyed or goes out of scope. a. release b. destroy c. erase d. delete ANS: d. delete Section 24.2.1 Reference Counted shared_ptr 24.2.1 Q1: The internal pointer is deleted once the last ________ to the resource is destroyed. a. smart pointer b. shared_ptr c. weak_ptr d. link ANS: b. shared_ptr 24.2.1 Q2: shared_ptrs use ________ counting to determine how many shared_ptrs point to the resource. a. pointer b. link c. smart pointer d. reference ANS: d. reference 24.2.1 Q3:. Each time a new shared_ptr to the resource is created, the reference count ________, and each time one is destroyed, the reference count ________. a. increases, increases b. increases, decreases c. decreases, increases d. decreases, decreases ANS: b. increases, decreases

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24.2.1 Q4: When the reference count reaches zero, the ________ is deleted and the memory is released. a. internal pointer b. external pointer c. internal reference d. external reference ANS: a. internal pointer 24.2.1 Q5: Which statements is false: a. shared_ptrs provide the pointer operators dot(.), star(*) and arrow(->). b. We get the reference count using the shared_ptr member function use_count, which returns the number of shared_ptrs to the resource. c. Changes made to the resource of a shared_ptr are “seen” by all shared_ptrs to that resource. d. shared_ptr member function reset releases the current resource and sets the shared_ptr to NULL. If there are no other shared_ptrs to the resource, it’s destroyed.

ANS: a. shared_ptrs provide the pointer operators dot(.), star(*) and arrow(->). The correct statement is: shared_ptrs provide the pointer operators star(*) and arrow(->).

Section 24.2.2 weak_ptr: shared_ptr Observer 24.2.2 Q1: weak_ptrs should be used in any situation where you need to ________ the resource but don’t want to assume any management responsibilities for it. a. delete b. copy c. observe d. move ANS: c. observe 24.2.2 Q2: Which statement is false: a. A weak_ptr points to the resource managed by a shared_ptr without assuming any responsibility for it. b. The reference count for a shared_ptr doesn’t increase when a weak_ptr references it. That means that the resource of a shared_ptr can be deleted while there are still weak_ptrs pointing to it. When the last shared_ptr is destroyed, the resource is deleted and any remaining weak_ptrs are set to NULL. c. One use for weak_ptr s is to avoid memory leaks caused by circular references. d. None of the above.

ANS: d. None of the above.

Section 24.3 Multithreading 24.3 Q1: Though multithreading has been around for decades, interest in it is rising quickly due to the proliferation of ________ systems. a. virtual b. object-oriented c. polymorphic d. multicore ANS: multicore8 Section 24.3.1 Multithreading Headers in C++11 24.3.1 Q1: The ________ multithreading header contains class thread for manually creating and starting threads, and functions yield, get_id, sleep_for and sleep_until. a. <thread> b. <mutex> c. <condition_variable> d. <future> ANS: a. <thread>

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24.3.1 Q2: The ________ multithreading header contains classes and class templates for ensuring mutually exlusive access to resources shared among threads in an application. a. <thread> b. <mutex> c. <condition_variable> d. <future> ANS: b. <mutex> 24.3.1 Q3. The ________ multithreading header contains classes, a function and an enum that are used together with facilities in header <mutex> to implement thread synchronization. In particular, condition variables can be used to make threads wait for a specific condition in a program, then to notify the waiting threads when that condition is satisfied. a. <thread> b. <mutex> c. <condition_variable> d. <future> ANS: c. <condition_variable> 24.3.1 Q4. The ________ multithreading header contains class templates, a function template and enums that enable you specify functions to execute in separate threads and to receive the results of those functions when the threads complete. a. <thread> b. <mutex> c. <condition_variable> d. <future> ANS: d. <future> Section 24.3.2 Running Multithreaded Programs 24.3.2 Q1: Which statement is false? a. There’s overhead inherent in multithreading. b. Simply dividing a task into two threads and running it on a dual core system does not run it twice as fast, though it will typically run faster than performing the thread’s tasks in sequence on one core. c. Executing a multithreaded application on a single-core processor can actually take longer than simply performing the thread’s tasks in sequence. d. None of the above.

ANS: d. None of the above.

Section 24.3.3 Overview of This Section’s Examples No Questions Section 24.3.4 Example: Sequential Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks No Questions

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Section 24.3.5 Example: Multithreaded Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks 24.3.5 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. The thread launch policy is a value from the launch enum—either launch::async, launch::deferred or both separated by a bitwise OR (|) operator. b. The thread launch policy value launch::async indicates that a specified function should execute in the current thread. c. Function async returns an object of class template future that you can use when the thread completes execution to obtain data returned by the function that async executes. The thread launch policy value launch::deferred indicates that a specified function should execute in the same thread when the program uses the future object returned by function template async to get the result. d. To ensure that a program does not terminate until its threads terminate and to receive the results from each thread, we call each future’s get member function. This causes the program to wait until the corresponding threads complete execution—known as joining the threads—before executing the remaining code in main.

ANS: b. The thread launch policy value launch::async indicates that a specified function should execute in the current thread. [The correct statement is: The thread launch policy value launch::async indicates that a specified function should execute in a separate thread.]

Section 24.4 noexcept Exception Specifications and the noexcept Operator 24.4 Q1: In the following function

int square(int value) { return value * value; }

the noexcept keyword indicates that this function ________. a. does not catch exceptions b. does not throw exceptions c. does not test for exceptions d. None of the above.

ANS: b. does not throw exceptions Section 24.5 Move Semantics 24.5 Q1: There are many cases in which the object being copied is about to be destroyed, such as a temporary object that was returned from a function by value or a local object that’s going out of scope. In such cases, it’s better to move the contents of the object that’s about to be destroyed into the destination object, thus avoiding ________. a. a memory leak b. a runtime error c. a memory exhaustion error d. any copying overhead ANS: d. any copying overhead 24.5 Q2: A copy constructor, a destructor and an overloaded assignment operator are usually provided as a group for any class that uses dynamically allocated memory. With the addition of move semantics in C++11, you should also provide __________. a. a move constructor b. a move assignment operator c. an overloaded move destructor d. both a. and b) ANS: d. both a. and b)

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Section 24.5.1 rvalue references 24.5.1 Q1: An rvalue reference is declared as ________ (where T is the type of the object being referenced. to distinguish it from a normal reference ________ (called an lvalue reference). a. &&T, &T b. T&, T&& c. T*, T-> d. T&&, T& Answer: d. T&&, T& 24.5.1 Q2: An rvalue reference is used to implement move semantics—instead of being ________, the object’s state (i.e., its content) is ________, leaving the original in a state that can be properly destructed. a. copied, moved b. moved, copied c. assigned, initialized d. initialized, assigned ANS: a. copied, moved 24.5.1 Q3: Prior to C++11 the following code created a temporary string object and passed it to push_back, which then copied it into the vector: vector<string> myVector; myVector.push_back("message");

As of C++11, member function push_back is now overloaded with a version that takes a(n) ________. This allows the preceding call to push_back to take the storage allocated for the temporary string and reuse it directly for the new element in the vector. The temporary string will be destroyed when the function returns, so there’s no need for it to keep its content. a. const pointer b. rvalue reference c. rvalue pointer d. const reference ANS: b. rvalue reference Section 24.5.2 Move-Enabling Class Array 24.5.2 Q1: In general, move constructors and move assignment operators should not throw exceptions because they’re simply moving resources, not allocating new ones. For this reason, both the move constructor and move assignment operator are declared ________ in their prototypes and definitions. a. const b. nothrow c. noexcept d. noerror ANS: noexcept 24.5.2 Q2: Which of the following statements is true when a class contains both a copy constructor and a move constructor. a. The compiler prefers to use the copy constructor. b. The compiler prefers the move constructor. c. The programmer explicitly specifies which to use in each case. d. The compiler decides which one to use based on the context.

ANS: d. The compiler decides which one to use based on the context.

Section 24.5.3 move and move_backward Algorithms No Questions

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Section 24.5.4 emplace Container Member Functions 24.5.4 Q1: Which of the following statements is true? a. When working with many of the C++ Standard Library containers, you can use the new member functions emplace, emplace_front, emplace_back, emplace_after and emplace_hint to insert objects into containers. b. The emplace member functions insert objects into contains without invoking any copy or move operations. c. The emplace member functions actually contruct new objects in place in the new container elements. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

Section 24.6 static_assert 24.6 Q1: The ________ allows you to test constant integral expressions at compile time rather than runtime. a. static_assert declaration b. assert macro c. static declaration d. assert declaration ANS: static_assert Section 24.7 decltype 24.7 Q1: Operator ________ enables the compiler to determine an expression’s type at compile time. a. static_assert b. assert c. decltype d. typedef ANS: decltype 24.7 Q2: The ________ operator is particularly useful when working with complex template types for which it’s often difficult to provide, or even determine, the proper type declaration. Rather than trying to write a complex type declaration, for example, that represents the return type of a function, you can place in the parentheses of this operator an expression that returns the complex type and let the compiler “figure it out.” a. infer_type b. decltype c. determine_type d. static_assert ANS: b. decltype Section 24.8 constexpr 24.8 Q1: If the initializer for a const variable is a function call, then the initialization occurs at ________. a. compile time b. load time c. preprocessor time d. run time ANS: run time 24.8 2:. C++11 now includes keyword ________ which can be used to declare variables, functions and constructors that are evaluated at compile time and result in a constant. a. decltype b. constexpr c. emplace d. const ANS: b. constexpr

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Section 24.9 Defaulted Special Member Functions 24.9 Q1: In C++11, in a class called Employee that has explicitly defined constructors, you can specify that the default constructor should be generated with the declaration ________. a. Employee() = decltype; b. Employee() = explicit; c. Employee() = default; d. Employee() = generate: ANS: c. Employee() = default; Section 24.10 Variadic Templates 24.10 Q1: A ________ template accepts any number of arguments, which can greatly simplify template programming. a. variable b. varargs c. var_arguments d. variadic ANS: d. variadic Section 24.11 tuples 24.11 Q1:. A common example of a variadic template is the C++11’s new tuple class (from header <tuple>), which is a generalization of class template ________. a. triple b. quad c. pair d. singleton ANS: c. pair 24.11 Q2: A tuple is a fixed-size collection of values that can be of ________. a. any integral type b. any character type c. any string type d. any type ANS: d. any type 24.11 Q3: Which of the following statements creates a tuple containing two strings, an int and a double? a. tuple<string, string, int, double> hammerInventory{"12345", "Hammer", 32, 9.95}; b. auto hammerInventory{make_tuple(string("12345"), string("Hammer"), 32, 9.95)}; c. tuple hammerInventory{"12345", "Hammer", 32, 9.95}; d. Both a. and (b).

ANS: d. Both a. and (b).

Other tuple Features 24.11 Q4: tuples that contain the same number of members ________. a. cannot be compared to one another b. can be compared to one another using only equality operators c. can be compared to one another using only relational operators d. can be compared to one another using the relational and equality operators ANS: d. can be compared to one another using the relational and equality operators

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24.11 Q5: A tuple’s ________ creates a tuple in which each member is value initialized—primitive type values are set to 0 or the equivalent of 0 and objects of class types are initialized with their default constructors. a. copy constructor b. move assignment c. move constructor d. default constructor ANS: d. default constructor 24.11 Q6:. A tuple’s ________ copies a tuple’s elements into a new tuple of the same type. a. copy constructor b. move assignment c. move constructor d. default constructor ANS: a. copy constructor 24.11 Q7: A tuple’s ________ moves a tuple’s elements into a new tuple of the same type. a. copy constructor b. move assignment c. move constructor d. default constructor ANS: c. move constructor 24.11 Q8: A tuple’s ________ uses the assignment operator ( =) to copy the elements of the tuple in the right operand into a tuple of the same type in the left operand. The element types stored in the constructor argument must be copy assignable. a. move assignment b. copy constructor c. move constructor d. copy assignment ANS: d. copy assignment 24.11 Q9: A tuple’s ________ uses the assignment operator ( =) to move the elements of the tuple in the right operand into a tuple of the same type in the left operand. The element types stored in the constructor argument must be copy assignable. a. copy assignment b. move assignment c. copy constructor d. move constructor ANS: b. move assignment Section 24.12 initializer_list Class Template 24.12 Q1: C++11 enables you to define functions and constructors that receive list initializers as arguments. To do so, you specify a parameter that uses the ________ class template. a. list_initializer b. initializer c. list d. initializer_list ANS: d. initializer_list 24.12 Q2: Which of the following are member functions of the class template initializer_list: a. size b. begin c. end d. all of the above ANS:

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24.12 Q3: Which of the following initializes a vector<int> with a list initializer: a. vector integers{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; b. vector<int> integers{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; c. vector<int> integers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); d. None of the above.

ANS: b. vector<int> integers{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; Section 24.13 Inherited Constructors with Multiple Inheritance 24.13 Q1:. Which of the following statements is true? a. A class with multiple base classes can inherit constructors from any of its base classes. b. If a class inherits constructors with the same signature from two or more base classes, then the derived class must define its own version of that constructor; otherwise, a compilation error occurs. c. When a derived class is inheriting constructors from a base class and explicitly defines a constructor, if a default constructor is needed, the derived class must define a default constructor either by using = default to tell the compiler to generate the default constructor or by explicitly defining a constructor that can be called with no arguments. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

Section 24.14 Regular Expressions with the regex Library 24.14 Q1: Which of the following statements is false? a. Regular expressions are specially formatted strings that are used to find patterns in text. b. Regular expressions can be used to validate data to ensure that it is in a particular format. c. The regex library algorithm regex_search, returns true if any part of an arbitrary string matches the regular expression. d. Character classes can be used with regular expressions. Character classes are C++ classes with escape sequences that represent groups of characters that might appear in a string.

ANS: d. Character classes can be used with regular expressions. Character classes are C++ classes with escape sequences that represent groups of characters that might appear in a string.

[The correct statement is: Character classes are not C++ classes—rather they’re simply escape sequences that represent groups of characters that might appear in a string.]

Section 24.14.1 Regular Expression Example 24.14.1 Q1: Assuming strings of the format: "Robert’s birthday is 10-22-90"

What does the following regex match? // create a regular expression regex expression("J.*\\d[0-35-9]-\\d\\d-\\d\\d");

a. Birthdays that occur in April and that belong to people whose names begin with "J". b. Birthdays that belong to people whose names begin with "J". c. Birthdays that do not occur in April and that belong to people whose names begin with "J". d. None of the above.

ANS: c. Birthdays that do not occur in April and that belong to people whose names begin with "J".

24.14.1 Q2:. In a regular expression, the dot character "." matches any single character. When the dot character is followed by a(n) ________, the regular expression matches any number of unspecified characters. a. plus sign (+) b. question mark (?) c. dollar sign ($) d. asterisk (*) ANS: d. asterisk

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24.14.1 Q3: Which of the following statements about regular expressions is false. a. Both "A*" and "A+" will match "A", but only "A*" will match an empty string. b. "\d" matches any decimal digit. c. The pattern "[aeiou]" matches any vowel. d. The quantifier ? in a regular expression matches one or more occurrences of the preceding pattern.

ANS: d. The quantifier ? in a regular expression matches one or more occurrences of the preceding pattern.

[The correct statement is: The quantifier ? in a regular expression matches zero or one occurrences of the preceding pattern.

24.14.1 Q4. Which of the following statements about regular expressions is true? a. The quantifier * in a regular expression matches one or more occurrences of the preceding pattern. b. The quantifier + in a regular expression matches zero or more occurrences of the preceding pattern. c. The quantifier {n} in a regular expression copies exactly n occurrences of the preceding pattern. d. None of the above.

ANS: d. None of the above.

24.14.1 Q5: Which of the following statements about regular expressions is false? a. The quantifier {n,} in a regular expression matches at least n occurrences of the preceding pattern. b. The quantifier {n,m} in a regular expression matches between n and m (inclusive) occurrences of the preceding pattern. c. The question mark (?) quantifier matches one occurrence of the pattern that it quantifies. d. A set of braces containing one number, {n}, matches exactly n occurrences of the pattern it quantifies.

ANS: c. The question mark (?) quantifier matches one occurrence of the pattern that it quantifies.

The correct statement is: c. The question mark (?) quantifier matches zero or one occurrences of the pattern that it quantifies.

24.14.1 Q6: Which of the following statements about regular expressions is true. a. The set of braces containing two numbers, {n,m}, matches between n and m occurrences (inclusively) of the pattern that it quantifies. b. All of the regular expression quantifiers are greedy; they’ll match as many occurrences of the pattern as possible until the pattern fails to make a match. c. If a quantifier is followed by a question mark ( ?), the quantifier becomes lazy and will match as few occurrences as possible as long as there is a successful match. d. All of the above.

ANS: d. All of the above.

Section 24.14.2 Validating User Input with Regular Expressions 24.14.2 Q1: Which of the following statements about regular expresions is false. a. regex_match returns true only if the entire string matches the regular expression. b. a-z matches any lowercase letter, and A-Z matches any uppercase letter. c. The expression \d{5} matches any five digits. d. The character "|" matches only the expression to its left.

Answer: d. The character "|" matches only the expression to its left. [The correct statement for d. is: The character "|" matches the expression to its left or the expression to its right.]

Section 24.14.3 Replacing and Splitting Strings 24.14.3 Q1: A ________ iterates through the parts of a string that match a regular expression. a. regex_iterator b. string_iterator c. regex_token_iterator d. string_match_iterator ANS: c. regex_token_iterator

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C++ How to Program, 10/e Multiple Choice Test Bank

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Section 24.15 Raw String Literals 24.15 Q1: As of C++11, C++ now supports raw string literals that have the format R"optionalDelimiter(characters)optionalDelimiter" Which of the following statements is false: a. The optionalDelimiter before the left parenthesis, (, and after the right parenthesis,), must be identical, if provided. b. The parentheses are required around the characters that compose the raw string literal. c. The compiler automatically inserts backslashes as necessary in a raw string literal to properly escape special characters like double quotes ("), backslashes (\), etc. d. None of the above.

ANS: d. None of the above.

24.15 Q2:. Which of the following statements about raw string literals is false. a. Raw string literals are restricted to use with regular expressions. b. Raw string literals may be used in any context that requires a string literal. c. Raw string literals may include line breaks, in which case the compiler inserts \n escape sequences. d. None of the above is false.

ANS: a. Raw string literals are restricted to use with regular expressions.

24.15 Q3: The raw string literal R"(multiple lines of text)"

is treated as the string literal a. "multiple\rlines\rof\rtext" b. "multiple lines of text" c. "multiple\nlines\nof\ntext" d. raw string literals may not be treated as string literals ANS: c. "multiple\nlines\nof\ntext"

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