Type:
Solution Manual
Resource:
Business Statistics A First Course
Edition:
5th Edition
Author(s):
David M. Levine Timothy C. Krehbiel Mark L. Berenson
Solutions to End-of-Section and Chapter Review Problems 79
CHAPTER 1 1.1
The types of beverages sold yield categorical or “qualitative” responses because they have values that can only be placed into categories.
1.2
Three sizes of French fries are classified into distinct categories—small, medium, and large—in which order is implied.
1.3
(a) (b)
1.4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
The time it takes to download a video clip from the Internet yields numerical or “quantitative” responses. The download time is a ratio scaled variable because the true zero point in the measurement is zero units of time. numerical, discrete, ratio scale numerical, continuous, ratio scale categorical, nominal scale categorical, nominal scale
1.5
(a) numerical, continuous, ratio scale * (b) numerical, discrete, ratio scale (c) categorical, nominal scale (d) categorical, nominal scale *Some researchers consider money as a discrete numerical variable because it can be “counted.” 1.6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
categorical, nominal scale numerical, continuous, ratio scale numerical, discrete, ratio scale numerical, discrete, ratio scale
1.7
(a) numerical, continuous, ratio scale * (b) categorical, nominal scale (c) categorical, nominal scale (d) numerical, discrete, ratio scale *Some researchers consider money as a discrete numerical variable because it can be “counted.” 1.8
(a) numerical, continuous, ratio scale * (b) numerical, discrete, ratio scale (c) numerical, continuous, ratio scale * (d) categorical, nominal *Some researchers consider money as a discrete numerical variable because it can be “counted.” 1.9
(a) (b)
The population is “all working women from the metropolitan area. A systematic or random sample could be taken of women from the metropolitan area. The director might wish to collect both numerical and categorical data. Three categorical questions might be occupation, marital status, type of clothing. Numerical questions might be age, average monthly hours shopping for clothing, income.
80
Chapter 1: Introduction and Data Collection
1.10
A population contains all the items of interest whereas a sample contains only a portion of the items in the population.
1.11
A statistic is a summary measure describing a sample whereas a parameter is a summary measure describing an entire population.
1.12
Descriptive statistical methods deal with the collection, presentation, summarization, and analysis of data whereas inferential statistical methods deal with decisions arising from the projection of sample information to the characteristics of a population.
1.13
Categorical random variables yield categorical responses, such as yes or no answers. Numerical random variables yield numerical responses such as your height in inches.
1.14
Discrete random variables produce numerical responses that arise from a counting process. Continuous random variables produce numerical responses that arise from a measuring process.
1.15
An operational definition is a universally accepted meaning that is clear to all associated with an analysis. Without an operational definition, confusion can occur.
Answers for 1.16 through 1.19 provided below are just some of the many different possible answers. 1.16
Microsoft Excel could be used to perform various statistical computations that were possible only with a slide-rule or hand-held calculator in the old days.
1.17
The answers to this question vary day-to-day according to the top analyses of a particular day.
1.18
The answers to this question depend on which data set is being selected.
1.19
(a) (b) (c)
1.20
(a) (b) (c)
(d)
1.21
1.22
(a)
The answer to the question: “What is the sex of Owner 1?” is a categorical variable. The answer to the question: “What was Owner 1’s age as of December 31, 2002?” is a numerical variable. Age measured in number of years is a discrete variable. The population of interest was all the people living in the United States, and age 18 and older when the interviews were performed. The sample consisted of the 1,102 people that were interviewed. A parameter of interest can be the proportion of people living in the United States, age 18 and older during March 6-9, 2008 who have made major changes in their shopping and living habits over the last five years to help protect the environment. The statistic used to describe the parameter in (c) was the 28% of respondents who had made major changes in their shopping and living habits over the last five years to help protect the environment.
(b) (c)
The population of interest was the collection of all business students at Northern Kentucky University when the study was conducted. The sample consisted of the 96 students that were involved in the study. class: categorical; age: numerical; gender: categorical; major: categorical
(a) (b)
Population: U.S. cat owners (1) categorical (3) numerical, discrete
Solutions to End-of-Section and Chapter Review Problems 81
(2) 1.23
(a) (b) (c)
1.24
(a) (b) (c)
categorical
(4) categorical
Categorical variables: gender, class, major, grad school, employment status, satisfaction advisement. Numerical variables: age, height, GPA, expected salary, annual salary in 5 years, number of affiliations spending. Discrete numerical variables: age (in years), height( in inches), expected salary (in thousands of dollars), annual salary in 5 years (in thousands of dollars), number of affiliations, satisfaction advisement. Categorical variables: gender, major, undergrad specialization, employment status, satisfaction advisement. Numerical variables: age, height, graduate GPA, undergrad GPA, GMAT, number of jobs, expected salary, anticipated salary in 5 years, spending. Discrete numerical variables: age (in years), height (in inches), GMAT, number of jobs, expected salary (in thousands of dollars), anticipated salary in 5 years (in thousands of dollars), spending (in dollars).
82
Chapter 2: Presenting Data in Tables and Charts
CHAPTER 2 2.1 (a) Category
Frequency 11 30 9
A B C
Percentage 22% 60 18
(b)
Bar Graph
A
B
C
0
10
20
30
40
Percentage (%)
(c)
Pie Graph A 22%
C 18%
B 60%
50
60
70