Type:
Solution Manual
Resource:
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions
Edition:
3rd Edition
Author(s):
Bruce J. Colbert Jeff J. Ankney Karen T. Lee
Colbert IRM, 3e Ch 01
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: LEARNING THE LANGUAGE LEARNING OUTCOMES Understand the term anatomy and physiology and its various related areas. Construct and define medical terms using word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Identify commonly used medical abbreviations. Contrast the metric and English systems of measures. Describe various signs and symptoms along with associated disease terminology. Explain the concepts and importance of homeostasis and metabolism. MULTIMEDIA FOUND ON THE POWERPOINT LECTURE OUTLINE 1. Medical Specialties Video (slide 31) 2. Vital Signs Video (slide 32) 3. Medical Assisting Video (slide 57) 4. Health Information Management Video (slide 58) 5. Medical Transcription Video (slide 59)
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Colbert IRM, 3e Ch 01
LECTURE OUTLINE I. Introduction A. Medical terminology is the language of health professionals. B. This chapter lays the foundation for this language and for an introduction to anatomy and physiology (A & P). C. Future chapters build on this foundation to help students understand anatomy and physiology and become fluent in the language. II. What is Anatomy and Physiology? A. Anatomy 1. Anatomy is the study of internal and external structures of the human body. 2. Anatomy is Greek for “to cut apart.” 3. Microscopic anatomy studies the structures that can be seen only with magnification, like a microscope. a. Cytology is the study of cells. b. Histology is the study of tissues. 4. Macroscopic anatomy (or gross anatomy) is the study of structures visible to the naked eye. a. Study of the skeletal system b. Looking at an x-ray B. Physiology 1. Physiology focuses on the functions and processes of body structures. 2. Physiology is the study of how anatomical structures function. 3. Physiology deals with all the vital processes of life and is more complex than anatomy, with more subspecialties. a. Human physiology b. Animal physiology c. Cellular physiology d. Neurophysiology C. Putting It All Together 1. Anatomy focuses on structures and how body structures are put together. 2
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Colbert IRM, 3e Ch 01
2. Physiology is the study of how these different structures work together to make the body function as a whole. 3. The design of the structure is often related to its function. 4. Human anatomy and physiology forms the foundation for all medical practice. a. Pathophysiology is the study of disease, or anything that negatively changes the body's normal function or structure. III. The Language A. Medical Terminology 1. Most terms are derived from Greek and Latin languages. 2. Each medical term has a basic structure on which to build, called a root word. 3. Prefixes and suffixes added to root words change or alter the meaning. B. Forming medical terms 1. If a suffix begins with a vowel, drop the vowel in the combining form. 2. When using prefixes, put the word parts in the order you say the definition; for example, before birth is prenatal. C. Abbreviations 1. The medical profession uses abbreviations extensively. 2. Abbreviations are useful in simplifying long, complicated terms for diseases, diagnostic procedures, and therapies. IV. The Metric System A. The metric system is the “mathematical language” of anatomy and physiology to measure weight, volume, and length. B. Two major systems of measurement used in the world today: 1. The U.S. Customary System (USCS) or English system a. Used in the United States b. Based on the British Imperial System c. Different designations for length, weight, and volume d. Difficult to use because there is no common base and no relationship between units 2. The metric system (Systéme International [SI])
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Colbert IRM, 3e Ch 01
a. Used everywhere else, especially in health care, science, and pharmaceutical companies b. Based on the power (or multiples) of 10 c. Relationship between units V. The Language of Disease A. Disease is a condition in which the body fails to function normally. B. Eating habits, smoking, inherited traits, trauma, cancer, environmental factors, and aging can cause disease. C. Signs and Symptoms of Disease 1. Signs are definitive, objective (measurable), obvious indicators of wellness or an illness. a. Vital signs (signs that are essential to life) include pulse (heart rate), blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, and pain. b. Lab values 2. Symptoms, like pain tolerance, are more subjective and difficult to measure. 3. A syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms that commonly occur with a specific disease. D. Other Disease Terms 1. Diagnosis is the identification of a disease determined by studying the patient’s signs, symptoms, history, and results of diagnostic tests. a. Chief complaint/concern (CC) is why the patient is seeking medical help. 2. Etiology is the cause of the disease. 3. Chronic conditions refer to a disease process that has existed for some time. 4. Acute conditions refer to a rapid onset of signs and symptoms. 5. Remission is a period of time when a chronic disease disappears. 6. Relapses are recurrences of the signs and symptoms of disease. 7. Exacerbation refers to an acute flare-up of signs and symptoms. 8. Mortality is the measure of the number of deaths attributed to a specific disease in a given population over a period of time. 9. Morbidity is the measure of the disabilities and extent of problems caused by an illness. 10. Endemic refers to a disease that is continually present within a specific population or region. 11. An epidemic is a disease that occurs suddenly in large numbers over a specific re4
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