Culper Spy Day - August 29, 2019

Come celebrate Long Island's Revolutionary story

Times Beacon Record News MediaŠ

An invitation to the 5th annual Culper Spy Day Inside: Event Guide and Map

VISIONS OF CULPER SPY DAY 2018

Photos by Anthony White

CULPER SPY DAY

Fifth annual Culper Spy Day celebrates our Revolutionary story

BY KEVIN REDDING

‘Lucky is the child who listens to a story from an elder and treasures it for years.’

— Barbara Russell, Town of Brookhaven historian

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‘This is a special place.

We’re coming up on the congregation’s 300th anniversary.’ — BARBARA RUSSELL

Photo by Kevin Redding Left, the Caroline Church of Brookhaven; above, Brookhaven town historian Barbara Russell Photo by Anthony White

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CULPER SPY DAY

Let’s take a walk through history Visit Revolutionary War spy locations on Culper Spy Day

Image from Beverly Tyler

Mural by Vance Locke, 1951, depicts Abraham Woodhull, left, bringing secret messages to Caleb Brewster.

HISTORY CLOSE AT HAND

BY BEVERLY C. TYLER What was the situation on Long Island during the Revolutionary War? Why do we know so little about the Setauket-based Culper Spy Ring? Who were they? What did they accomplish? Well! The Setauket spies were just commonplace men and women who grew up in a small farming community on the North Shore of Long Island — ordinary people who did extraordinary things.

ABRAHAM WOODHULL, a descendant of Richard Woodhull, an early Town of Brookhaven leader and magistrate, was born on his family’s farm in Setauket, overlooking Little Bay, in 1750. He was a farmer by occupation. Probably because of his elder brother Richard’s death at the early age of 32, Abraham inherited the family home (circa 1690) and farm. The land had been in the family since Richard Woodhull came to Setauket, sometime between 1655 and 1657.

From the beginning of the Setauket spies in 1778, Woodhull was in charge of day-to-day operations. His code name was Samuel Culper and the spy operation came to be known as the Culper Ring.

Woodhull was referred to as Samuel Culper Sr. after he recruited Robert Townsend, who became known as Culper Jr. Not only did Woodhull direct field activities, but he also risked his life countless times by personally collecting information in New York and on western Long Island.

Woodhull was responsible for evaluating the reports received from all sources, determining what was to go forward to Washington’s headquarters and seeing that the dispatches were carried across the Sound by Caleb Brewster. His health was poor, partly caused by stress as he lived in constant fear of discovery.

After the war, Woodhull became the first judge of Suffolk County. He died Jan. 23, 1826, and his grave in the Setauket Presbyterian Church graveyard was marked by the Mayflower Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1936.

CULPER SPIES Continued on page C5

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Benjamin Tallmadge

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BENJAMIN TALLMADGE, organizer and leader of the Revolutionary War Setauket spies, was born in Setauket on Feb. 25, 1754. The son of the minister of the Setauket Presbyterian Church, he was the youngest of the Culper spies. The home where he was born is still standing in Setauket at the end of Runs Road. Tallmadge grew up in Setauket, attended school here with his close friend Abraham Woodhull and, like many residents of Suffolk County, he grew to have a healthy distrust for British authorities in New York. A classmate of Nathan Hale, Tallmadge graduated from Yale in 1773 and, like Hale, taught school for a time in Connecticut.

When the Revolution began, Tallmadge enlisted in the Continental Army and was soon awarded the rank of major.

Later, Washington appointed him head of his secret service and tasked Tallmadge with establishing an espionage network against the British in New York City. To conduct this vital undercover operation on Long Island, Tallmadge choose his boyhood friend Abraham Woodhull.

Together they chose other friends and neighbors from Setauket; men and women who could be trusted and who would prove to be so discreet in all their contacts that their identity would not be discovered until the 20th century.

Major Tallmadge, referred to by the code name John Bolton, not only led Washingtonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s secret service but was also in most of the battles involving the Continental Army in the northern states.

Among his many exploits was the capture of Fort St. George at Mastic in November 1780. After the war was over, Tallmadge retired from the Army with the rank of colonel. In 1784 he married Mary, eldest daughter of Gen. William Floyd of Mastic â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Long Islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s signer of the Declaration of Independence. Tallmadge lived in Litchfield, Connecticut, and represented that state in Congress for 16 years. He died in Litchfield in 1835 at the age of 81.

CULPER SPIES Continued on page C8

CULPER SPIES

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Photo from Bev Tyler

Anna Smith Strong and her magic clothesline as portrayed by Donna Smith ANNA SMITH STRONG, the great-granddaughter of Setauketâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lord of the manor, Col. William (Tangier) Smith, was a strong and ardent Patriot. She devised, according to a folklore story first detailed by Morton Pennypacker in his book â&#x20AC;&#x153;George Washingtonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Spies,â&#x20AC;? a wash line signal system to identify for Abraham Woodhull the whereabouts of Caleb Brewsterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s whaleboat, so that Woodhull could find him and pass along the messages meant for Gen. Washington.

As detailed by Pennypacker and embellished by Strong family historian Kate Strong in her â&#x20AC;&#x153;True Tales,â&#x20AC;? to avoid detection by the British it was necessary for Brewster to hide his boat in six different places, each identified by a number. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nancyâ&#x20AC;? Strong, as she was known by friends and neighbors, hung her laundry from the line in a code formation to direct Woodhull to the correct location. A black petticoat was the signal that Brewster was nearby, and the number of handkerchiefs scattered among the other garments on the line indicated the meeting place.

Using the most ordinary of personal items and improvising on the most ordinary of personal tasks, Anna made an extraordinary contribution to the cause of freedom.

Anna Strong lived on Strongâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Neck with her six children throughout the war. Her husband, Selah Strong, was confined in a New York prison in January, 1778, for â&#x20AC;&#x153;Surreptitious correspondence with the enemy.â&#x20AC;?

She got permission to bring him food, which evidently saved his life, and she obtained his release by appealing to her Tory relatives. He was still in danger and spent the rest of the war in Connecticut.

While British officers luxuriated in the Manor House (no longer standing â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a 19th-century manor replaced it), Anna lived in a small cottage across the bay from Woodhullâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farm, staying there to also protect her familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights to the estate. A good friend of Caleb Brewster, as a member of the Culper Spy Ring in Setauket, she was a vital link between the Continental Army officer Caleb Brewster and Abraham Woodhull, the Patriot spy posing as a Loyalist.

CULPER SPIES Continued on page C9

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PAGE C6 • THE VILLAGE TIMES HERALD • AUGUST 29, 2019

AUGUST 29, 2019 • THE VILLAGE TIMES HERALD • PAGE C7

Theatrical Performances The Brewster House, The Thompson House, Stony Brook Grist Mill, Hawkins Mount House SEPTEMBER 28

Built in 1710, this romantic restaurant is one of the most historic landmarks on Long Island, where every meal is a special occasion. The Country House Restaurant is a perfect setting for casual fine dining, private parties and weddings.

(RAIN DATE SEPT. 29) 11 AM, 1 PM AND 3 PM

Reservations required. $40 pp. 631-751-2244

©159793

81 Main Street, Center Moriches, NY 631–878–1855 • ketchaminn.org

Rev. Kate Jones Calone, Interim Pastor

It was the Loyalist Nehemiah Marks surveillance that alerted British Army Officer, Major General Oliver Delancy in a covert correspondence that Drowned Meadow Patriots, Phillips and Nathaniel Roe were aiding Caleb Brewster with goods and intelligence.

Come visit Drowned Meadow Cottage Museum (Phillips Roe House), a surviving structure and authentic relic of the Revolutionary War period.

PORTJEFF.COM

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All are welcome tŚĞƌĞ ŝƚ Ăůů ďĞŐĂŶ͊

Margo Arceri: Your Culper Spy Ring Guide and Historian “Lucky is the child who hears the story from an elder and cherishes it for years” ~ Barbara M. Russell, Brookhaven Town Historian 158953

©158649

Rev. Ashley McFaul-Erwin Community Outreach Pastor

Founded 1660

trispytours.com

Come Worship with Us Sundays at 9:30 a.m.

Visit our Website: www.setauketpresbyterian.org

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(631) 246-5468

©160649

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631 941 4271

5 Caroline Ave, Setauket

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The Courageous Women of the Revolutionary War

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CORNER OF BARNUM AVE. & WEST BROADWAY Port Jefferson, NY 11777 • (631) 473-4724

©158647

165359

1175 North Country Rd. Stony Brook, NY 11790 countryhouserestaurant.com 631-751-3332

Visit us year round for tours and events by reservation.

• Eye Exams • Designer Frames • Full Service

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2194 Nesconset Hwy. Stony Brook StonyBrookVisionWorld.com Most Insurance Accepted

©158403

OUT OF THE SHADOWS COME...

COUNTRY HOUSE RESTAURANT

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158648

165351

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Restrooms are available at the following locations: • Three Village Historical Society • Setauket Neighborhood House • Emma S. Clark Memorial Library • The Long Island Museum • Stony Brook University • Next to tennis courts in Port Jefferson • Parking lot next to Tommy’s Place in Port Jefferson

16 158973

19

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For Auxiliary Sites see page C9

15

The Original 10 Acre Location Since 1972

YOUR FULL SERVICE MASONRY & LANDSCAPE SUPPLY CENTER SERVING YOU SINCE 1972 FROM THE SAME LOCATION

STOP IN & VISIT JOE TRO FFA

11. Setauket Elementary School Auditorium 12. Joseph Brewster House 13. Sherwood-Jayne Farm 14. The Country House Restaurant 15. The Long Island Museum 16. Stony Brook Grist Mill 17. The Three Village Inn 18. Campus Bicycle 19. Stony Brook University 20. Roe Tavern Marker 21. Drowned Meadow Cottage Museum

Visit Sherwood-Jayne Farm on Culper Spy Day to meet “Big Bill the Tory” from 10 am - 3 pm!

55 Old Post Road, Setauket, NY 11733 preservationlongisland.org/ sherwood-jaynefarm/

Come back Sunday, September 29th for 30th Annual Long Island Apple Festival 11 am - 4:30 pm For more information about Preservation Long Island events visit PreservationLongIsland.org or call 631-692-4664.

©165358

1. Three Village Historical Society 2. Thompson House.

3. The Studio At Gallery North 4. Setauket Neighborhood House 5. Frank Melville Memorial Park/Grist Mill 6. Patriots Rock Historic Site 7. Setauket Village Green 8. Caroline Church Of Brookhaven and Cemetery 9. Setauket Presbyterian Church and Cemetery 10. Emma S. Clark Memorial Library

©159151

©162350

70 Comsewogue Road, Suite 9, East Setauket 631-928-4665 • www.troffa.com

Culper Spy Day Map

(631) 473-3800 • www.MoloneyFH.com

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Continued from page C8 In one letter during the spying operation Brewster noted that he was â&#x20AC;&#x153;up behind the Strongs.â&#x20AC;? In a letter written to British intelligence chief Oliver Delancy in February 1781, British spy William Heron wrote, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Private dispatches are frequently sent From your city to the Chieftain [Washington] here by some traitors. They come by the Way of Setalket [sic], where a certain Brewster receives them at, or near, a Certain womanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.â&#x20AC;? The certain woman was almost certainly Anna Smith Strong.

After the war Anna and Selah were reunited and Selah led Washingtonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s carriage and party to the Roe Tavern in April of 1790 when the then President Washington made his tour of Long Island.

Anna died in 1812 and Selah in 1815. They are buried in the Smith-Strong family graveyard along Cemetery Road on Strongâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Neck.

CALEB BREWSTER was perhaps the most bold and daring of the spies. He was the only one of the group that the British had definitely identified as a spy. When the Revolutionary War broke out, Brewster enlisted in the local militia.

After the August 1776 battle of Long Island in Brooklyn, Brewster joined the Continental Army with the rank of a lieutenant of artillery. He returned to Setauket in August of 1777 as part of the attacking force from Connecticut that fought in the battle of Setauket. In November 1780 he was one of the officers under Maj. Benjamin Tallmadge who captured Fort St. George at Mastic.

They returned to Connecticut with the entire complement of the fort captured.

In spite of his service designation, one of Brewsterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s task throughout the war was to command a fleet of whaleboats operating from the Connecticut shore against British and Tory shipping on Long Island Sound (known as the Devilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Belt). This, together with his knowledge of the Long Island shoreline, his work as a mate on sailing ships and his boyhood association with Benjamin Tallmadge, made him an ideal choice to carry intelligence back and forth across the Sound.

It was Caleb Brewster who most likely gave Benjamin Tallmadge the idea to use Setauket as a center for intelligence operations. Beginning in 1777, Brewster gathered information on the activities of British and Loyalist units on Long Island from his friends, relatives and other contacts and gave the mostly verbal information to his boyhood friend Tallmadge.

Once Tallmadge formalized the activities of the Culper Spy Ring, Brewster took his whaleboat crews to Setauket and neighboring coves to bring messages back to Fairfield, Connecticut, for Major Tallmadge to deliver to Gen. Washington.

Brewster also made numerous trips with his whaleboat crews into Long Island Sound to attack British and Loyalist ships. This activity also provided opportunities for gathering intelligence for General Washington.

CULPER SPIES Continued on page C10

CULPER SPIES

Continued from page C9

Image from Bev Tyler

Vance Locke mural of Austin Roe riding from the Brooklyn Ferry with spy messages AUSTIN ROE ran a tavern in East Setauket where food and drink were served and where travelers could stay overnight on their way to or from the south or east end of Long Island. The original location of the tavern (it was moved in 1936) was along what is now Route 25A, just west of the south end of Bayview Avenue. The site is marked by a state road sign that details a few of the most important facts about Austin Roe and the tavern. Captain Austin Roe used his position as a tavern owner to justify his trips to New York City (Manhattan).

While in New York, Roe gathered supplies he needed for the tavern and expensive materials and goods for Anna Strong. These trips provided the cover he needed to obtain the spy messages he carried to Woodhull in Setauket that had to be relayed to General Washington.

Born in 1748, Austin Roe was 29 years old when he first agreed to be a part of the Setauket spies. He made the 110-mile round trip at least once a week.

The road was heavily traveled by British and Tory troops and by highwaymen (thieves and robbers). Captain Roe would receive information (usually directly from Robert Townsend). The messages were written in code or invisible ink.

Roe would ride back to Setauket and pass the information to Woodhull, who would secretly meet Brewster. The intelligence would then go across the Sound to Fairfield and then to General Washington. Roe made numerous trips to New York and was never discovered. He moved to Patchogue in 1798 where he founded Roeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hotel. He died there in 1830 at the age of 81.

The present location of the Roe Tavern, where on April 22, 1790, President George Washington enjoyed the hospitality of Austin Roe and spent the night, is off Old Post Road. The house is private and not open to the public.

ROBERT TOWNSEND (code name Samuel Culper Jr.) coordinated the efforts of the spy network in New York. We will probably never know all the spies who contributed information on British movements, but we do know that Townsend was the principal contact in New York between most of 1779 and 1781.

During portions of that time Abraham Woodhull (Samuel Culper Sr.) took over from Townsend, as he had done before recruiting Townsend. The Culper Spy Ring supplied Washington with vital information concerning British troop movements, fortifications and intentions in New York and the surrounding area during the perilous war years from 1778 to 1783.

The sensational intelligence transmitted by the spies led to the capture of Maj. John AndrĂŠ (he was hung as a spy on orders of Washington) and the discovery of Benedict Arnoldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plot to turn over West Point to the British. The spy ring also supplied Washington with information that enabled him to prevent the British from attacking the French Army as they arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, in July 1780, and possibly also destroying the French fleet that transported them to Newport.

One of the most important contributions of the Culper Spy Ring was to provide Washington with accurate and detailed intelligence. In many instances, Washington was able to check the veracity of information received from other sources by comparing it with intelligence received from the Culper Spy Ring.

There were many other Patriot spies reporting to Washington, some known and many still unknown. They all risked their lives, soldiers and civilians alike, to provide vital intelligence that allowed Washington and the Continental Army to defeat the greatest army in the world and to â&#x20AC;&#x153;turn the world upside down.â&#x20AC;?

Image courtesy of LIM

Robert Townsend decodes a spy message from Gen. George Washington in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Culper Spyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

by Mort KĂ&#x153;nstler.

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Above, the grave of Patriot Samuel Longbottom at the Caroline Church of Brookhaven; right, the Setauket Presbyterian Church; below right, Art Billadello inside the Presbyterian Church.

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On the cover:

SPECIAL THANKS TO THE CULPER SPY DAY COMMITTEE FOR ALL THEIR HARD WORK, SUPPORT AND PASSION FOR THE CULPER SPY RING! â&#x20AC;&#x201D; MARGO ARCERI

From left, docents Stephanie Morris of the Setauket Presbyterian Church and Catherine Minuse of the Caroline Church of Brookhaven at a previous Culper Spy Day. Photo by Margo Arceri

EDITOR Heidi Sutton EDITORIAL Ernestine Franco Kevin Redding Beverly C. Tyler

From left, Councilwoman Valerie Cartright, Culper Spy Day founder Margo Arceri and Leg. Kara Hahn and her daughter Hope at last yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Culper Spy Day. Photo by Anthony White

A special publication of Times Beacon Record News Media©