Second Response to Francis Gregg Spencer MacKeen, St. Francis Xavier University

Second Response to Francis Gregg Spencer MacKeen, St. Francis Xavier University

Technology is quickly growing as a staple of our everyday lives to the point where it has become expected that some jobs, previously done solely by humans, become automated through advanced intelligence technology, otherwise known as AI. However, despite the rapid growth in the use of AI, and in its abilities, the efficacy of their use in particular jobs should be questioned and this is taken up by Francis Hunter Gregg in his article Artificial Intelligence and Therapy where he offers a thought provoking critique on the use of AI chatbots for therapy. Gregg’s work helps bring the real question which should be at the forefront of all discussions of technology, which is not where can technology be used but rather where should technology be used? While many argue that advancements in technology can help solve many of the problems we experience in our lives, Gregg shows that if not implemented for their optimal use then technology can have the opposite effect because there are some experiences which are uniquely human. Therapy is a position where the human perspective and empathy is required, which Gregg shows. Often, those seeking help with any form of depression, but particularly existential depression, are not seeking answers to help them alleviate their problems as if they were a machine, which is all AI is capable of. Rather, they require a person with the unique understanding of the human experience to help show them the ways they can move forward with their lives and find meaning.

While AI may not be a suitable replacement for human therapists, an interesting argument would be their suitability in assisting therapists themselves as a tool at their disposal. How AI should instead be used was briefly touched on by Gregg but could have been given more depth, such as questioning whether chatbots could be used to help direct those suffering from existential depression to a professional therapist. While these chatbots may not be able to help lead those suffering from existential depression to finding their meaning, from this it cannot be inferred that they cannot help those suffering from other forms of depression which have not reached this extent. It must be considered whether all forms of depression inherently require human connection in order to provide some assistance to those who seek it. As Gregg stated, the growing use of chatbots is due to their ability for wide spread use, so if the risks of their use for those suffering from existential depression can be mitigated through their programming then these chatbots could provide a scale of mental health support that humans are incapable of, while also

insuring that those who require a humanistic approach are notified and referred to the proper professional.

Besides their use as a tool to reach as many people suffering from mental health problems as possible, chatbots and their pattern recognizing technology seem ideally suited as an aid to therapists in order to obtain as much information from their patient as possible. As Gregg argued, AI is useful, it is just that its best function may be to serve as a tool for trained therapists to use in order to gain more knowledge at a faster rate than they would be able to otherwise during a patient’s first visit. Chatbots could potentially be used as a precursor to visiting a therapist, that way they would already have an idea on how they could help their patient by aiding them with a combination of this knowledge and their inherent knowledge of the human experience. As Gregg noted, possible biases in chatbot programming would have to be considered if used in this way but it is nevertheless an interesting, and more ethical, potential avenue for AI to insert itself.

Regardless of how AI is used in the future, the core element of Gregg’s argument, about how we must be cautious in how we proceed with the use of AI, is vital for us to reckon with as we continue forward. AI can solve many of the problems that we face today, but in order for it to do so it must be used in the proper places instead of being considered beneficial in and of itself which it currently is thought as.