HAGLER INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY
a t Te x a s A & M Un i v e r s i t y
COR NERSTONE
academic f ounda t ion f or global leader ship
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AN NUAL R EPORT
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COR NERSTONE — an important quality or feature on which a particular thing depends or is based — a stone that forms the base of a corner of a building, joining two walls
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CONTENTS 1 2 4 5
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DIR ECTOR
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HAGLER
t he hagler ins t i t u t e and
VISION 2020
un w a v er ing
SUPPORT
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nomine e s , appr o v als , and f acul t y f ello w
R ECRUITMENT
adminis t r a t i v e
COU NCIL
e x t er nal ad v isor y
BOAR D
f acul t y ad v isor y
BOAR D
ADVOCATESES
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hagler ins t i t u t e
STAFFES
hagler ins t i t u t e induc t ion
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OVERVIEW
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ARTICLES
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FELLOWS
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FELLOWS
f inancial
OVERVIEW
char t ing t he w a y
FORWAR D
hagler ins t i t u t e le gac y
SOCIET Y
chr is t o doulo s
FLOUDAS
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JU NK INS
f r om t he
DIR ECTOR
The academic year
When the Institute was founded, Chancellor John Sharp of The 2016–17 was momentous for the Texas A&M University System Institute for Advanced Study. provided $5.2 million to help fund a five-year start-up period; the Chancellor’s support was supplemented by former Texas A&M University President R. Bowen Loftin and current President Michael K. Young. This year marks the completion of that start-up phase, and the concept is now proven. Toplevel scholars from all over the world come to Texas A&M for up to twelve months to work with our faculty and students, collaborate on research at the frontiers of knowledge, and generate ideas and inspiration. When one of those Faculty Fellows chooses to come to Texas A&M, most scholars in their field take notice, expanding Texas A&M’s reputation as a destination for the finest in the world. During these first five years, the Institute has brought forty-five world-class scholars to Texas A&M. Those scholars include two Nobel Prize laureates and recipients of many other national and international awards representing the highest honors in a variety of fields, from engineering to economics, medicine to mathematics, agriculture to astronomy, literature to law. I invite you to reflect on the accomplishments of those scholars, as well as their impact on Texas A&M. Their individual and collective achievements will stun you. Institutes and academic initiatives come and go with the times, and my goal from the outset has been to secure this Institute as a permanent part of Texas A&M. Toward that goal we have attracted several estate gifts and chair endowments. In 2016, the development effort took a major stride forward. The Institute was unquestionably secured forever as a part of the University with a $20 million commitment from one of Texas A&M’s most generous, accomplished, and admired supporters—Jon L. Hagler. Jon Hagler is the Aggie’s Aggie. As an undergraduate, he was corps commander and a Ross Volunteer before serving on active military duty as an officer in the US Army for three years. He earned an MBA at Harvard and later launched a career that led to remarkable success and accomplishment in the highly competitive financial investment community.
He has been a longtime supporter of Texas A&M as a philanthropist and as a strategic planner on A&M’s behalf, recently earning an honorary doctorate for his gallant contributions to higher education. He serves on this Institute’s External Advisory Board. Jon Hagler’s life sets a standard of excellence, generosity, and principled leadership that is admirable and exemplary. I am honored to announce that hereafter this Institute will be the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University. Jon Hagler’s endowment, and the commitments from President Young that accompany it, will secure this Institute’s future operation at the current level in perpetuity. Each year, a new class of at least ten of the finest
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TOP-LEVEL SCHOLARS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE COMING TO TEXAS A&M TO WORK WITH OUR FACULTY AND STUDENTS
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external scholars in the world will be in residence, taking on a multitude of issues and challenges with our faculty and students—providing students with life-changing inspiration. Our goal for the future is to raise endowments for college chairs for the Institute’s Faculty Fellows. Doing so will diversify the nomination pool and serve as the primary growth engine by which we will double the size of the Institute and accelerate the goals articulated in Vision 2020. Thanks to Jon Hagler, the future is now bright for the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, and Texas A&M continues its march toward world academic leadership.
JOHN L. JUNKINS
Founding Director Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University 1
jon l.
HAGLER
A 1958 graduate of
In 1984, he and wife Jo Ann founded the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, a Texas A&M University, private, independent foundation Jon L. Hagler is recognized that has served as a longtime financial supporter of Texas A&M nationally as a leader in as well as multiple philanthropic efforts across the nation. investment management as Hagler has shown an interest in supporting overarching initiatives well as philanthropy. to elevate the academic stature and long-term success of Texas A&M, for which he has great affection and admiration. He is highly regarded and respected at Texas A&M for both his leadership and contributions that have spanned decades. He co-chaired the University’s strategic planning initiative, “Vision 2020: Creating a Culture of Excellence,” which the campus and The Texas A&M University System Board of Regents adopted in 1999. He served as a chair of the executive committee of the “One Spirit, One Vision Campaign” from 2000 to 2006. Hagler is past chairman and trustee emeritus of the Texas A&M Foundation Board of Trustees and was lead donor of the Texas A&M Foundation’s campus headquarters named in his honor. In 2005, he was recognized with the Sterling C. Evans Medal for his dedication to philanthropy in supporting Texas A&M. His many contributions include Foundation Excellence Awards and gifts supporting the College of Education and Human Development. He was named a Texas A&M Distinguished Alumnus in 1999 and is a past member of The Association of Former Students’ Board of Directors. Texas A&M recognized Hagler with an honorary doctorate in 2015. Hagler received his bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics in 1958 from Texas A&M. He was Corps of Cadets commander his senior year and served as a Ross
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Volunteer. He earned a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard University in 1963. Upon receiving his MBA, Hagler became a research analyst at a mutual fund, United Funds. Later, Hagler moved to the Ford Foundation as chief investment officer. Despite a down market, during his five years at the Ford Foundation—a
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HAGLER HAS SHOWN AN INTEREST IN SUPPORTING OVERARCHING INITIATIVES TO ELEVATE THE ACADEMIC STATURE AND LONG-TERM SUCCESS OF TEXAS A&M
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time when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by 12.9 percent—Hagler grew Ford’s assets to $2.7 billion (up from $2.1 billion). After leaving the Ford Foundation, Hagler co-founded Hagler, Mastrovita & Hewitt, an investment management firm in Boston. The partnership was sold to United Asset Management, but Hagler remained as chairman for another eight years. In 1996, Grantham, Mayo & Van Otterloo (GMO), a Boston investment management firm, asked Hagler to accept a senior management position. He turned down the job of managing partner but accepted chairmanship of the firm’s governance committee as well as a seat on GMO’s board. He retired from GMO in 2010.
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HAGLER
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t he hagler ins t i t u t e
and VISION 2020
The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study is founded Institute is to help make on the idea that the world’s Texas A&M University a finest universities have access to the world’s finest world academic leader. minds. The Hagler Institute brings world-class scholars to take up residence at Texas A&M University for up to twelve months. Those scholars collaborate with A&M faculty and top graduate students on research projects designed to solve some of the world’s toughest problems and challenges. The results may lead to important insights presented in joint peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, grant applications, college and departmental lectures, and lectures for the public.
The goal of the Hagler
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Achieving national and international leadership stature is an aggressive goal, particularly for a land-grant university with its obligations to serve many students and, for Texas A&M, to help attain the broad education objectives of the state of Texas. That stature, however, will be achieved with a multifaceted approach that takes full advantage of the Hagler Institute’s proven ability to attract world-class talent. Now a permanent feature at Texas A&M, the Hagler Institute will bolster excellence in research and scholarship. The Hagler Institute is a key ingredient in accomplishing the goal of Vision 2020—to continue the academic evolution of Texas A&M University so
it is generally considered one of the ten best public universities in America by the year 2020. An important objective of Vision 2020 is to elevate the faculty’s stature and recognition. The Hagler Institute creates personal connections between Texas A&M faculty–researchers and some of the most recognized scholars in their fields. Moreover, the Institute strives to make certain that the results of those collaborations are known to the global academic community. The Institute also has a long-term impact on the quality of our students. Because the finest students want the finest education, their choice of schools may be influenced by the objectives and proven success of the Hagler Institute.
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SUPPORT
“Texas A&M University’s Hagler Institute for Advanced Study is now an enduring feature of the Texas A&M culture thanks to the generous endowment of Jon L. Hagler—a visionary whose passion, leadership, and commitment to Texas A&M is unparalleled.”
“The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and the world-class scholars it attracts to Texas A&M enrich and enhance our quest for excellence in learning, discovery, and innovation and provide transformative intellectual experiences for our students.”
JOHN SHARP
Chancellor The Texas A&M University System
The Institute--the only one of its kind in the nation--serves every college and school, including the Galveston campus and several key institutes at Texas A&M. Nominations for the Institute’s Faculty Fellows come from our faculty and college deans. Those nominations are strictly confidential, and they are evaluated by a revolving panel of University Distinguished Professors. Those approved nominations must meet the highest standards of accomplishment in their professions, hold national academy or equivalent stature, and currently produce top-quality work and be proven mentors. The time in residence for Faculty Fellows is flexible, and many
choose to spread their twelve months at Texas A&M over multiple years, ensuring long-term collaboration. Although the Institute is not designed for recruiting, by its very nature it affords a valuable look at the opportunities and research facilities of this great institution. Six of the fortyfive scholars in the first five classes have chosen to join Texas A&M’s permanent faculty: Leif Andersson (Uppsala University, Sweden), the late Christodoulos Floudas (Princeton University), Karl Hedrick (University of California, Berkeley), Roger Howe (Yale University), Alan Needleman (University of North Texas), and Robert Skelton (University of
MICHAEL K. YOUNG President Texas A&M University
California, San Diego). Building a great university requires constant renewal and integration of exceptional scholars and researchers with Texas A&M’s extraordinary faculty. The Hagler Institute is designed with that truth clearly in mind. The Hagler Institute’s world-class scholars have an immeasurable impact on our faculty, students, and reputation. In addition, the Fellows are energized by the flexible structure of the Institute and by their ability to team with enthusiastic faculty and exceptional students. The Hagler Institute has demonstrated a proven, affordable way to advance Texas A&M, as expressed in Vision 2020.
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nominees , appr ovals , and f acul t y f ello w
R ECRUITMENT
During its first five years,
The chart on the opposite page shows some key aspects of the operation the Hagler Institute has during fiscal years 2013–2017 and brought a total of forty-five highlights successes and challenges. Each college receives the same Faculty Fellows to Texas number of nominations, which should constitute an advantage for the smaller A&M University. colleges. However, smaller colleges often find the financial requirement beyond their scope—even with the Institute’s 70 percent Faculty Fellow salary support and two graduate student fellowships. Occasionally, total nominations are shown in fractions because some colleges share costs. The Hagler Institute has developed a strategy to alleviate some of the resource challenges for all colleges. The Institute is offering matching funds to colleges that wish to endow chairs that will be filled by Faculty Fellows. Through the Texas A&M Foundation’s Lead by Example comprehensive campaign, we would like to establish endowed chairs and graduate fellowships for each college. Nominees must hold national academy–level stature in their discipline. Not all fields have such academies. The chart, however, shows that the Hagler Institute has developed a rigorous evaluation system that does not discriminate against disciplines without national academies. The chart
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shows that most colleges, even those without academies, have submitted high-quality nominations as measured by the fraction of nominees approved for recruitment. As an example, the Mays Business School has had every nominee approved for recruitment, and the College of Liberal Arts has
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FOR THE FUTURE, NOMINATIONS FROM ALL COLLEGES IS OUR GOAL
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had six of seven nominees approved by the Faculty Advisory Committee. For the future, nominations from all colleges is our goal. The Hagler Institute has been established to elevate the faculty and students in every college, and we believe our development strategies will expand opportunities to support appointments in all colleges.
N o min e e s A p p o in t e d N o min a t io n s A p p r o v e d N o min a t io n s “. 5 � r e p r e s e n t s a F ello w s h a r e d b e t w e e n t w o c o lle g e s .
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adminis t r at i ve
COU NCIL
The Hagler Institute's Administrative Council establishes the rules, oversees the operation of the Institute, and reviews its progress. The University’s provost selects the Institute’s director. KARAN L. WATSON
Co-chair
Provost and Executive Vice President Texas A&M University
GLEN A. LAINE
Co-chair
Vice President for Research Texas A&M University
MEIGAN ARONSON
Dean College of Science
JAMES BATTEAS
Professor Department of Chemistry College of Science
PHILIP BERKE
Professor Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning College of Architecture
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KAREN L. BUTLER-PURRY
Associate Provost Office of Graduate and Professional Studies
LEONARD BIERMAN
Professor Mays Research Fellow Department of Management Mays Business School
ELEANOR GREEN
Dean Holder, Carl B. King Deanship College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
MARK HUSSEY
Vice Chancellor and Dean College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
DIMITRIS LAGOUDAS
University Distinguished Professor Holder, John and Bea Slattery Chair in Aerospace Engineering Associate Vice Chancellor and Senior Associate Dean for Research College of Engineering
JAY MADDOCK
Dean School of Public Health
PAMELA MATTHEWS
Dean College of Liberal Arts
JEFFREY SAVELL
University Distinguished Professor Holder, E. M. “Manny” Rosenthal Chair in Animal Science Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
JERRY R. STRAWSER
Vice President for Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer Division of Finance and Administration
DEBBIE THOMAS
Interim Dean College of Geoscience
TYSON VOELKEL
President Texas A&M Foundation
RENYI ZHANG
University Distinguished Professor Holder, Harold J. Haynes Chair in Geosciences Department of Atmospheric Sciences College of Geosciences Professor Department of Chemistry College of Science
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2 0 16 e x t er nal ad v is or y
BOAR D MEETING
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ex t er nal ad v isor y
BOAR D
The External Advisory Board annually reviews the activities of the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study to offer guidance, advice, and recommendations. NORMAN R. AUGUSTINE
RAY M. BOWEN
Chair External Advisory Board
Vice Chair External Advisory Board
Former Under Secretary, US Army Former Chair and CEO, Lockheed Martin Corporation Former President, National Academy of Engineering Chair, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future National Medal of Technology
Distinguished Visiting Professor, Rice University Former President of Texas A&M University Former Chair, National Science Board Former Division Director and Deputy Director, National Science Foundation
JON L. HAGLER
Former Director, GMO LLC Former Chairman, Texas A&M Foundation Board of Trustees Former Co-Chair, Texas A&M’s Vision 2020 Planning Initiative Sterling C. Evans Medal, The Texas A&M Foundation Distinguished Alumnus, Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University Honorary Doctor of Letters, Texas A&M University
V. LANE RAWLINS
President Emeritus, University of North Texas Former President, Washington State University Former President, University of Memphis National Collegiate Athletic Association Board of Directors
ANITA K. JONES
Professor Emerita, University of Virginia Former Director, Defense Research and Engineering, US Department of Defense National Academy of Engineering Committee Member, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future Former Vice Chair, National Science Board
HERBERT H. RICHARDSON
Chancellor Emeritus, The Texas A&M University System Director Emeritus, Texas A&M Transportation Institute University Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University National Academy of Engineering Rufus Oldenburger Medal
LINDA P. B. KATEHI
Chancellor, Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences Alexander von Humboldt Research Award
RONALD L. SKAGGS
Chairman Emeritus and CEO, HKS Inc., Architects/Engineers/ Planners President, American Institute of Architects (AIA) Chancellor, AIA College of Fellows Board Chairman and Vice Chair, National Institute of Building Sciences National Academy of Construction Distinguished Alumnus, Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University
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f acul t y ad v isor y
BOAR D
The Hagler Institute Faculty Advisory Board is key to the process of identifying world-class scholars who will be invited to join the Institute for Advanced Study. Each year the Faculty Advisory Board reviews all Faculty Fellow nominations submitted. The Board ensures that the nominees have obtained prominence in their chosen fields, have made major contributions to those fields, and possess outstanding mentorship qualities. Ultimately, the Board identifies their top candidates for selection in the upcoming year. Three of the nine seats on the Faculty Advisory Board are chosen by the University’s provost and the vice president for research. The remaining six seats are chosen by the Electorate from among its members.
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
FULLER BAZER
University Distinguished Professor College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
JOHN GLADYSZ
University Distinguished Professor College of Science
JAMES WOMACK
University Distinguished Professor College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
KIM DUNBAR
University Distinguished Professor College of Science
ALAN NEEDLEMAN
University Distinguished Professor College of Engineering
MARLAN SCULLY
University Distinguished Professor College of Science
R. DUANE IRELAND
University Distinguished Professor Mays Business School
OLGA KOCHAROVSKAYA
University Distinguished Professor College of Science
J. N. REDDY
University Distinguished Professor College of Engineering
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Terms Expire November 30
ADVOCATES
Advocates for the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University champion the Institute to anyone who shares an interest in the advancement of Texas A&M. In addition, Advocates identify like-minded prospective donors who may want to help establish a strong financial foundation for the Institute’s mission.
Norman R. Augustine
Christopher Layne
B. Don Russell ’70
Jason A. Blackstone ’99
Carolyn S. Lohman
Stephanie W. Sale
Ray M. Bowen ’58
Joanne Lupton
Thomas R. Saving
Janet Briaud
George J. Mann
Marlan O. Scully
Jean-Louis Briaud
William J. Merrell Jr. ’71
Les E. Shephard ’77
Bill E. Carter ’69
Charles R. Munnerlyn ’62
James M. Singleton IV ’66
Jerry S. Cox ’72
Alan Needleman
Ronald L. Skaggs ’65
John L. Crompton ’77
Wanda Needleman
Michael L. Slack ’73
Edward S. Fry
H. Joseph Newton
Christine A. Stanley ’90
J. Rick Giardino
Gerald R. North
Bruce Thompson
Melbern G. Glasscock ’59
Erle A. Nye ’59
James E. Womack
William C. Hearn ’63
Thomas W. Powell ’62
Rodney C. Hill
Herbert H. Richardson ’48
Michael A. Hitt
Jess C. (Rick) Rickman III ’70
hagler ins t i t u t e
STAFF
JOHN L. JUNKINS
ED FRY
Founding Director
Deputy Director
University Distinguished Professor Department of Aeorspace Engineering College of Engineering
Associate Department Head for Development Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science
AMANDA SCOTT
CLIFFORD L. FRY
Assistant to the Director
Associate Director
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induc t ion
GALA Each spring, the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study welcomes and inducts its latest class of Faculty Fellows at a formal gala held on the Texas A&M campus. As the new class of Faculty Fellows enter the ballroom, their names are announced and they walk through a traditional saber arch formed by the Texas A&M Ross Volunteers—a company of the University’s Corps of Cadets that serves as the official honor guard for the governor of Texas. After dinner, Founding Director John Junkins, The Texas A&M University System Chancellor, and
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the president of Texas A&M University address the guests. Each Faculty Fellow is called to the stage to receive a bronze replica of Rodin’s The Thinker. Closing the evening, guests are invited to dance to the music of the Greg Tivis Orchestra. Inducted in February 2017, the Class of 2016–17 represents the fifth class of Faculty Fellows.
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GALA
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NATIONA L ACA DEM Y OF ENGINEER ING
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NATIONA L ACA DEM Y OF MEDICINE
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NATIONA L ACA DEM Y OF SCIENCES
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WOLF PR IZE
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NOBEL PR IZE
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NATIONA L MEDA L OF TECHNOLOGY A ND IN NOVATION
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A MER ICA N ACA DEM Y OF ARTS A ND SCIENCES
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JAY B. HUBBELL MEDA L FOR LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT IN A MER ICA N LITER ATUR E
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NATIONA L MEDA L OF SCIENCE
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FELLOWS
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OVERVIEW
The hallmark of a great university is to offer its students opportunities to work with the world’s finest academic minds and for its faculty to conduct cutting-edge research to benefit humankind. Since opening in 2012, the Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University has brought forty-five leading scholars to campus as Faculty Fellows. That group includes two recipients of the Nobel Prize (economics and physics) and one each of the Wolf Prize (agriculture), the Jay B. Hubbell Medal for Lifetime Achievement in American Literature, the National Medal of Science (chemistry), and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, as well as members of the National Academies and holders of similarly prestigious honors in other disciplines from across the US and around the world. Those scholars advance Texas A&M’s position as an academic and research leader on the global scale. Faculty Fellows collaborate with Texas A&M’s own stellar faculty– researchers and with rising stars among the University’s junior faculty and graduate students. Those collaborations
offer participants opportunities that could fundamentally enhance their career options. During their time on campus, Faculty Fellows engage in intense research. They establish objectives with faculty members, interact with students, and present public lectures in the Hagler Institute’s Distinguished Department Lecture Series. In addition, one Faculty Fellow is chosen each semester to present the Eminent Scholars Lecture. The annual influx of talent enriches our intellectual atmosphere, enhances the quality of our programs, accelerates solutions to difficult research problems, and enhances Texas A&M’s reputation as a top-tier research university. The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study serves as a standard of excellence for our academic and research community.
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ARTICLES
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w. dav id
AR NETT Regents Professor Steward Observatory College of Science University of Arizona
When astrophysicists study a supernova, an exploding star that briefly outshines a nearby galaxy, they apply Arnett’s law to explain how the brightness of the explosion changes over time. That law is named for astrophysicist David Arnett, a pioneer in the scientific study of exploding stars. Arnett’s work has led to a deeper understanding of the remnants that result from supernovas—black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs—as well as the absence of such remnants. His research has shown that any immediate remnant of a supernova is governed by its production of the radioactive isotope nickel-56 Arnett also developed the first theoretical models to accurately follow light curves, providing the foundation for the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Arnett earned his bachelor’s degree at the University of Kentucky in 1961. He received his master’s degree in 1963 and his doctoral degree in 1965 from Yale University, where he studied under the renowned astrophysicist Alastair G. W. Cameron. As a postdoctoral student, Arnett worked with Nobel Prize recipient and astrophysicist W. A. Fowler at the California Institute of Technology and astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle at Cambridge University in England. After briefly serving on the faculties at Rice University, The University of Texas, and the University of Illinois, Arnett joined the University of Chicago in 1977 as the B. and E. Sunny Distinguished Service Professor. In 1988, he moved to the University of Arizona as Regents Professor of Astrophysics.
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Arnett’s scientific interests span theoretical astrophysics and stellar astronomy. The scope of his research includes the origin of chemical elements, supernovae, neutron stars, and black holes; computer modeling of turbulent compressible flow; stellar evolution; and experiments with high-energy-density plasma. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Phi Beta Kappa. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2009, the American Physical Society presented Arnett with the Hans Bethe Prize, which recognizes outstanding work in theory, experiment, or observation in astrophysics, nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics, or closely related fields. In 2012, the American Astronomical Society selected Arnett for its Henry Norris Russell Lectureship, which is awarded for eminence in astronomical research. That same year, he received the Marcel Grossmann Award from the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics. Other significant honors include the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, 1970–72; the Yale University Distinguished Graduate Award in Physical Sciences and Engineering, 1980; the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, 1981; and the Chandrasekhar Lectureship at the S. N. Bose Center for Basic Sciences in Kolkata, India, 2008. Arnett has written four books and published 211 peerreviewed articles. As a TIAS Faculty Fellow, Arnett collaborated with faculty–researchers in the Department of Physics and Astronomy in the College of Science.
ligh t f r om
SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS
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The eternal stars seem to be among the most enduring things we see. Although that constancy is true for most stars, a small fraction of them destroy themselves in violent explosions. Those explosions are called supernovae (singular, supernova), in contrast to the more common and feeble events called novae (from nova stella, or “new star” in Latin). Supernovae are rare, in a local sense. The last bright supernova in the Milky Way galaxy was described in 1604 by Johannes Kepler. As more sensitive detectors are developed, larger volumes of space may be observed, which contain more stars, allowing us to see deeper into the universe. With
SUPERNOVAE MAY BE DETECTED ACROSS THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE AND THUS ARE IMPORTANT MEASURING STICKS FOR COSMOLOGY
modern detectors, the rate of supernova discovery has risen to hundreds per year; all (so far) are in distant galaxies. Because they are so bright, supernovae may be detected across the visible universe and thus are important measuring
sticks for cosmology. They also provide the means to convert the hydrogen and helium left from the Big Bang into the heavier elements that make up planets and people. In 1966, J. W. Truran discovered theoretically that the ashes of explosive thermonuclear burning in stars were rich in the radioactive isotope, nickel-56 which decays to cobalt-56 and then to the familiar and stable iron-56, which is the abundant isotope (Truran, Arnett, and Cameron 1966). That finding upended the previous view, which was that iron was formed directly as 56Fe. The formation through unstable isotopes has a spectacular observational consequence: The energy released by those decays provides most of the heating needed to give the light that supernovae radiate. The gamma-ray lines from the Co decay were detected directly from the supernova in 1987 in the relatively nearby Large Magellanic Cloud (a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way). The unimaginatively named but common “type I” supernovae have a characteristic history of brightness (a “light curve” that rises to peak and then falls) that corresponds to that decay of nickel→cobalt and cobalt→iron In 1982 I published a convenient mathematical solution for the shape of the light curves for type I supernovae, which has been widely used (Arnett 1982).
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Tak ing a Ne w Dir ec t ion Since that time, the observational data on supernovae have increased spectacularly in both amount and quality. Upon visiting the Texas A&M Institute for Advanced Study for the 2016 Gala, I talked extensively with faculty and students at Texas A&M University, including Professor Nicholas Suntzeff, Research Scientist Peter J. Brown, and graduate student Michael T. Smitka, all from the Department of Physics and Astronomy. New ideas in science are often triggered by travel to new places and by talking to new people. It seems to catalyze the perception of new connections and stimulate new perspectives. So it proved here. Obtaining the mathematical solutions for the light curves required an assumption that many found strange in 1982: The supernovae had to be at least roughly uniform in composition, not strongly stratified in spherical layers as were the “onion skin” models of progenitors available at the time. The limitations of computers at that time forced quantitative models of 1982 to be oversimplified; in this case, they were assumed to have perfect spherical symmetry. Since then, computer power has increased (according to Moore’s law) by more than a factor of a million, so it is now possible to examine three-dimensional effects. Astronomical explosions, like terrestrial ones, develop strong distortions and begin to lose any initial symmetry as they expand.
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F i g u r e 1 . R e m n a n t o f t h e s u p e r n o v a o b s e r v e d i n 15 7 2 b y Ty c h o B r a h e , a s s e e n i n x - r a y s (C r e d i t : N A S A / C X C / S A O) .
To make that idea clearer, consider mixing cream into coffee. With care, you can establish a mixture that is heterogeneous—mostly cream or mostly coffee. Vigorous stirring gives a homogeneous mixture. Slight stirring gives something in between. An explosion is similar to the partially mixed case; the star is blown apart before it can mix completely. Figure 1 shows the remnant of the Milky Way supernova that Tycho Brahe described in 1572, as seen in x-rays with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. It is clear why “partially mixed” might be used to describe that remnant. That partial mixing is a general feature of supernova remnants, which that image shows cleanly.
Super no va L igh t Cur v es Re v isi t ed That partial mixing explains why the mathematical solutions worked better than they deserved to; rather than a weak point, the mixing is a natural consequence of the explosion. That realization combined the vastly improved data now available and motivated a reexamination of how well the theory worked (Arnett, Fryer, and Matheson 2017). The results are promising. The theory produces the unexpectedly smooth light curves observed with the unprecedentedly high-cadence, highTHE MOST NOTABLE DIFFERENCE IS THE quality data from the KEPLER satellite. The most notable difference is the very VERY EARLY BEHAVIOR OF THE OBSERVED early behavior of the observed light LIGHT CURVES, WHICH RISE MORE SLOWLY curves, which rise more slowly than predicted in the 1982 theory. THAN PREDICTED IN THE 1982 THEORY There is a moral here. In 1982 no data were available for such early times (before a few days after the explosion), so an unnecessary approximation was used for simplicity. A slight variation was found, which avoids that problem and should have been used originally. The good news is that the modification will allow us to further constrain the nature of the supernova progenitor.
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in collaboration with NICHOLAS SUNTZEFF University Distinguished Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science PETER J. BROWN research scientist, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science MICHAEL T. SMITKA graduate student, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science
references Arnett WD, 1982, Astrophys. Journal, 253, 785. Arnett WD, Fryer C, Matheson T, 2017, submitted to the Astrophys. Journal. Truman JW, Arnett WD, Cameron AGW, 1966, Can. Journal of Physics, 45, 2315.
lig h t f r o m s up e r n o v a e x p l o s i o n s
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john t.
BROSNAN John Lewis Paton Distinguished Professor Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
In the field of amino acid biochemistry, John T. Brosnan is known for his groundbreaking research into kidney and interorgan metabolism of amino acids and onecarbon units. His work has changed our understanding of how animals and humans make use of dietary protein and amino acids. Brosnan focuses his research on the metabolism of the twenty key amino acids that compose proteins. Of those, he has published extensively on the metabolism of fourteen. His most significant contributions concern understanding how several amino acids can be converted to glucose, an essential component in our ability to withstand prolonged starvation; the regulation of amino acid metabolism by hormones; and how glutamine is used to regulate our acid–base status. Brosnan’s most recent work examines how vitamins—folate, in particular—can facilitate one-carbon metabolism. He is also exploring the vital role that formic acid plays in that process. Brosnan received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in biochemistry at University College in Cork, Ireland, and his doctorate in biochemistry from Oxford University in 1969. At Oxford, he conducted research under a Nobel Prize laureate, Sir Hans Krebs. After postdoctoral work at the University of Toronto, Brosnan accepted a position in 1990 at Memorial University of Newfoundland, where he continues to work as a research professor in the university’s Department of Biochemistry.
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Brosnan is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. In 1986, the Canadian Society for Nutritional Sciences gave him the Borden Award, the highest award for nutrition research in Canada. He received an honorary doctoral degree from the National University of Ireland in 2005. In 2013, the Danone Institute of Canada gave Brosnan, together with Dr. Margaret Brosnan, the Distinguished Nutrition Leadership Award—the top honor for contributions to the nation’s nutrition industry. In 2014, Memorial University awarded Brosnan the John Lewis Paton Distinguished Professorship. He has served as president of the Canadian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; chair of the board of Canada’s Institute for Research in Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes; and chair of the research council of the Canadian Diabetes Association. He is an adjunct professor of pediatric nutrition at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. He has written one book and published 171 peerreviewed articles. As a Faculty Fellow, Brosnan collaborated with faculty– researchers and graduate students from the departments of animal science, poultry science, and nutrition and food sciences in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology in the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences; and the Texas A&M Health Science Center.
f or mic acid :
FROM ANTS TO INFANTS
this, yields an acid spirit.” In those days the test for an acid was that it turned certain blue flowers red (presumably some flowers contain a pH indicator such as litmus). The new liquor turned chicory flowers red and was (correctly) deemed to be an acid. Wray adds, “I doubt not but this liquor may be of singular use in medicine. Mr. Fisher hath assured me, that himself hath made trial thereof in some diseases with very good success.” There the trail ends, rather frustratingly, and despite the importance of formic acid as an industrial chemical, we have had to wait more than three THE TEST FOR AN ACID WAS THAT IT centuries before becoming aware of roles played by that acid (or, more precisely, TURNED CERTAIN BLUE FLOWERS RED of its conjugate base, formate) in our (PRESUMABLY SOME FLOWERS CONTAIN A bodies. (As an aside: The great anteater is the only known mammal that cannot pH INDICATOR SUCH AS LITMUS) produce hydrochloric acid in its stomach; presumably its food provides it with sufficient acid in the form of formic acid.) Toward the end of the twentieth be Found in Ants, described the work of several colleagues in century, formate was found to play a role in oneisolating a new liquor and in describing its properties. Texans carbon metabolism—a complex process whereby folate are familiar with a variety of ants and with the pungent odor (vitamin B9) carries out its functions. It synthesizes released from their nests. That is formic acid, so called bekey molecules in the body by adding small “one cause it is found in ants (Latin: formica, an ant) and because carbon” groups. Some of those key molecules are it is an acid. Wray offered some advice for people who would extraordinarily important, including adenine, guanine, repeat the experiments: “When you put the animals in water, and thymidine (three of the four bases that go to you must stir them to make them angry, and they will sprit make DNA); it also adds methyl groups to a variety out their acid juice. No animal that we ever distilled, except of molecules, including cytosine, the fourth base in
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In 1670, John Wray (a.k.a. Ray), one of that breed of English parson–naturalists, sent a communication to the Royal Society for publication in its Philosophical Transactions. The Royal Society was, and still is, one of the preeminent scientific societies in the world. Philosophical Transactions is the world’s oldest continuously published science journal. Wray was known for his wide interests in natural philosophy (i.e., science). The communication, Concerning Some Un-Common Observations and Experiments Made with an Acid Juyce to
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DNA, which serves to regulate gene expression (e.g., cytosine controls the developmental program whereby certain genes are turned “off” in particular cells and at particular times). It is hardly surprising that one-carbon metabolism is particularly active during situations of rapid growth, as in cancer or during fetal/embryonic growth. A drug that interferes with one-carbon metabolism, methotrexate, is a mainstay of many chemotherapeutic regimens. Similarly, one-carbon metabolism is critical for growth and development. Some years ago it became apparent that defects in one-carbon metabolism could THESE INSIGHTS predispose to neural LED IN 1998 TO tube defects (NTDs). The neural tube is the THE MANDATORY embryonic precursor to the brain and spinal FORTIFICATION OF cord. NTDs are serious THE FOOD SUPPLY birth defects in which the neural tube doesn’t WITH FOLIC ACID properly close—spina bifida probably being the best-known example. NTDs are associated with low-folate status and with certain variant forms of genes that control onecarbon metabolism. Those insights led in 1998 to the mandatory fortification of the food supply with folic acid in the U.S., Canada, and Costa Rica. Approximately eighty-five countries have introduced mandatory folic acid fortification. Two important considerations dictated fortification as the means chosen to increase folate intake around the time of conception. First of all, neural tube closure occurs in the fourth week of pregnancy; most women do not know they are pregnant at that time. Second, almost half (45 percent
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J o h n T. B r o s n a n | 2 0 15 –16 F a c ul t y F e llo w
in the U.S.) of pregnancies are unintended. Given those realities, mandatory fortification captures a wide swath of the population, better than other means of raising the folate status of the nation. In general, mandatory fortification reduced the incidence of NTDs by some 19 percent to 55 percent. It is thought that some 30 percent of NTDs are resistant to folic acid. Could some other therapy be effective in preventing the folic acid–resistant NTDs? Researchers have made remarkable progress in preventing folic acid–resistant NTDs in genetically modified mice. Work at both The University of Texas at Austin and University College London has shown that mice, which are prone to folic acid–resistant NTDs, can be partly or entirely rescued by the inclusion of sodium formate in the pregnant mother’s drinking water. That is an extraordinary result, and the question arises as to whether a formate salt (sodium formate or calcium formate) could be used as a therapy. We are a long way from such a determination, but the fact that folic acid– resistant NTDs can be prevented is immensely encouraging to investigators. Although I have spent only four months in residence at Texas A&M University, the Institute has provided an unrivaled opportunity to expand our work with formate. Margaret Brosnan and I have established productive collaborations with investigators in College Station. With Shannon Washburn, clinical assistant professor at Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, we have shown that formate also is crucial later in pregnancy, at the time of maximal fetal growth. Using pregnant sheep, we find high formate levels in the fetal circulation, fully six- to eightfold higher than in the maternal circulation (Figure 1). We have also used 13C-formate to follow the fate of fetal formate. It is largely used to supply one-carbon metabolism. That finding expands formate’s role in development from early (neural tube closure) to late in pregnancy. It also has led us to ask whether formate might also play a similar role in human pregnancy. It might because
Figure 1. Formate in blood from pregnant fetal sheep
200 we find formate levels to be appreciably higher in human umbilical cord blood than in maternal blood. Together with Professor Nicolaas Deutz in the College of Education and Human Development, we seek to understand how formate is distributed to different tissues in the pig. Finally, with Professors Bazer and Wu in the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences and Professor Johnson in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, we plan to study formate function in ovine trophectoderm cells, key cells that supply nutrients to the developing embryo. We have come a long way from 1670, and I am certain that Wray would be delighted to find that his acid juice plays such an important role in animals, including humans.
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0 Pregnant
Fetal
in collaboration with FULLER BAZER University Distinguished Professor and holder of the O. D. Butler Chair in Physiology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences NICOLAAS DEUTZ Professor, Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development GREGORY JOHNSON Professor, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences SHANNON WASHBURN Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences GUOYAO WU University Distinguished Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
f o r mic a c id : f r o m a n t s t o in f a n t s
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r ichar d a .
GIBBS Holder, Wofford Cain Chair in Molecular and Human Genetics Professor Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Director, Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine
As a pioneer in genetics, Richard Gibbs is best known for his work in whole-genome sequencing for the discovery of genetic diseases. In 1996, he established the Baylor College of Medicine’s Human Genome Sequencing Center, one of the five sites in the world selected to undertake and complete the Human Genome Project. By 2003, that center contributed roughly ten percent of the sequence and has advanced comparative genomics by sequencing the genomes of fruit flies, rats, honeybees, sea urchins, and cattle. A native of Australia, Gibbs received a bachelor’s degree in 1979 and a doctoral degree in 1985, both in genetics and radiation biology, from the University of Melbourne. He moved to the Baylor College of Medicine as a postdoctoral fellow to study the molecular basis of human X-linked diseases—single-gene disorders caused by defects on the X chromosome—and to develop technologies for rapid genetic analysis. As a postdoc, Gibbs developed several basic nucleicacid technologies that are applied to genomic sequencing. In 1991, Gibbs joined the Baylor genetics faculty and contributed to the early formulation of the aims of the International Human Genome Project. Today, in addition to directing the center he founded, Gibbs holds the Wofford Cain Chair and is a Distinguished Service Professor in molecular and human genetics at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. The Human Genome Sequencing Center pioneered whole-exome capture methods and published the first
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diploid sequence of a human. The center also showed the utility of whole-genome sequencing for genetic disease discovery and for guiding effective clinical treatments. In 2011, the center’s staff began to deploy those methods in routine clinical practice and to provide full gene sequencing to hundreds of patients each month. Now one of three federally funded large-scale genome sequencing centers designated by the National Institutes of Health, the center employs a staff of 180, including eighteen faculty members. Their current research is focused on the genomics of cancer, heart disease, and autism. In addition, the center is part of the national program for systematic discovery of the cause of human single-gene defects and has an active bioinformatics program, with research projects involving biologists and computer scientists. Gibbs and his researchers are developing tools to generate, manipulate, and analyze genome data. Gibbs received the Michael E. DeBakey, M.D., Excellence in Research Award in 2000 and the Chancellor’s Distinguished Lectureship at Louisiana State University in 2001. He was elected to the Texas Academy of Medicine, Engineering, and Science and the National Academy of Medicine, both in 2011. Gibbs has published six books and 356 peer-reviewed articles and owns eleven patents. As a TIAS Faculty Fellow, Gibbs collaborated with faculty–researchers and graduate students in the College of Medicine.
genes —
THEIR ROLE IN DISEASE AND HUM AN DEVELOPMENT Throughout the last two decades, the Human Genome Sequencing Center has been engaged in explaining the genetic basis of human disease. Following our contribution to sequencing the first human genome as part of the Human Genome Project, we built technologies for inexpensive and rapid routine gene sequencing. Those efforts were initially directed to research and discovery. In 2011, for example, we built a clinical service laboratory to offer qualified families easy access to genetic diagnostics through DNA sequencing. The Whole Genome Laboratory has now determined the gene RESEARCH HAS GREATLY sequences of almost 20,000 children and has established a paradigm for routine INCREASED THE RATE OF genetic diagnostics. DISCOVERY OF NEW GENES Currently, the clinical service solves about 25 percent of all cases referred IN HUMAN DISEASE for that style of clinical sequencing, whereas the remaining 75 percent offer an opportunity for further research and discovery. That rich flow of samples from individuals willing to participate in further research has greatly increased the rate of discovery of new genes in human disease. The sequence-to-discover model is now so successful that we have accumulated knowledge of hundreds of genes that cause human disease when damaged but for which we have no idea of the underlying biochemical and physiological mode of pathogenesis. Understanding why mutations in those genes are so damaging to normal human development is a key next step in the journey to full understanding—and then to disease cure.
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Tw o K e y Genes Scaling a large enterprise to meet the challenges of clinical translation and high-volume research discovery is demanding for all involved. As in so many endeavors, the opportunity to step back and consider is invaluable. The generous support of the Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study has enabled me to build new functional studies to tackle the question of why a specific class of genes results in early neurological damage and leads to severe intellectual disability. The functional studies of those genes will serve as a generalized road map for all such follow-up functional studies. The key genes being studied are the AT Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing Protein 1 (AHDC1)1 (Figures 1 and 2) and Absence of Sex-Combs 3 (ASXL3).2 A feature that those genes share is that newly arising mutations give rise to severe phenotypes in children. In AHDC1 deficiency, the disorder is characterized by severe hypotonia, sleep apnea, speech delay, and intellectual disability. In ASXL3 deficiency, the children are more severely affected and seldom survive beyond six months.
Figure 1. Patient One identified with Xia–Gibbs syndrome.
Figure 2. Map of the mutation position within the 1,603 amino acid AHDC1 protein.
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R i c h a r d A . G i b b s | 2 0 15 –16 F a c ul t y F e llo w
Models and Be y ond With the Institute’s support, we have mapped the molecular lesion in a series of AHDC1 patients beyond the first discovery set of four individuals. Computational analysis has revealed the region of the affected gene and shown new relatives in the gene databases WITH THE INSTITUTE'S that may be similarly mutated. A rapid DNA SUPPORT, WE HAVE assay for characterizing MAPPED THE MOLECULAR other cases has been built. A series of DNA LESION IN A SERIES OF clones representing AHDC1 PATIENTS the mutated forms have been constructed and examined while expressed in cells. So far, we have determined that the mutant form does not easily display a phenotype in the model system, and we are now working toward titrating the representation of the mutant and normal forms of the gene in the cellular system. (Titration is a method of chemical analysis to determine the concentration of a known substance.)
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The AHDC1 studies are beginning to reveal the molecular mode of the disease physiology. The cellular studies will be followed with the construction of a mouse model, using logic based on the cellular observations. In collaboration with David Threadgill, a professor in the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, and graduate student Anna Salvador, we will construct specific clone sequences to allow engineering of mice that will pattern the same mutation as in humans. Constructing that model is a considerable challenge because of the important role of the gene in humans; the gene may simply be lethal in the mice. Successful demonstration of a mouse model will enable correlation of cellular events with those in a complete mammal. We will follow with similar work in ASXL3 and then aim for the AHDC1 studies to be the model for many other genes. Integration of those molecular, cellular, and organismal studies aims to explain the specific function of those genes. The work will mature with objective examination of the underlying research process and how to optimize functional studies with sequence-based discovery.
references Xia F, Bainbridge MN, Tan TY, Wangler MF, Scheuerle AE, Zackai EH, Harr MH, Sutton VR, Nalam RL, Zhu W, Nash M, Ryan MM, Yaplito-Lee J, Hunter JV, Deardorff MA, Penney SJ, Beaudet AL, Plon SE, Boerwinkle EA, Lupski JR, Eng CM, Muzny DM, Yang Y, Gibbs RA. De novo truncating mutations in AHDC1 in individuals with syndromic expressive language delay, hypotonia, and sleep apnea. Am J Hum Genet. 2014;94:784–9. Bainbridge MN, Hu H, Muzny DM, Musante L, Lupski JR, Graham BH, Chen W, Gripp KW, Jenny K, Wienker TF, Yang Y, Sutton VR, Gibbs RA, Ropers HH. De novo truncating mutations in ASXL3 are associated with a novel clinical phenotype with similarities to Bohring–Opitz Syndrome. Genome Med. 2013;5:11.
g e n e s —t h eir r o le in dis e a s e a n d h um a n d e v e l o p m e n t
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susan r.
SULEIMAN C. Douglas Dillon Research Professor of the Civilization of France Research Professor of Comparative Literature Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Harvard University
Considered one of the leading US scholars of twentieth-century French literature, Susan R. Suleiman ranks among the world’s foremost scholars in her field and is considered a leading international scholar of gender and Holocaust studies. Among her works is the 1983 Authoritarian Fictions: The Ideological Novel as a Literary Genre, one of the most important critical studies on the political novel written over the last four decades. Suleiman earned a bachelor’s degree from Bernard College in 1960 and her doctoral degree from Harvard in 1969. She joined the faculty at Harvard in 1981, where she is the C. Douglas Dillon Research Professor of the Civilization of France and Research Professor of Comparative Literature. She chaired the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures from 1997 to 2000, 2003 to 2004, and 2011 to 2012, and the Department of Comparative Literature from 2007 to 2009. She received the Radcliffe Medal for Distinguished Achievement in 1990 and a decoration by the French government as an Officer of the Order of Academic Palms (Palmes Académiques) in 1992. She held a Guggenheim Fellowship from 1988 to 1989 and a Rockefeller Humanities Fellowship in 1984. Suleiman has been an invited fellow at the Collegium Budapest Institute for Advanced Study in Budapest and at the Center for Advanced Study of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo. In 2005–06, she was a fellow of the Radcliffe Institute. During 2009–10, she was the invited Shapiro Senior Scholar-inResidence at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at
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the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Suleiman served as an elected member of the executive council of the Modern Language Association from 1993 to 1996 and as vice president and president of the American Comparative Literature Association from 1995 to 1999. Suleiman is the author or editor of many books and more than one hundred articles published in the US and abroad on contemporary literature and culture. Her latest book, from Yale University Press, is about the Russian–French novelist Irène Némirovsky and issues of “foreignness” in twentieth-century France. Her other books include Crises of Memory and the Second World War (2006); Subversive Intent: Gender, Politics, and the Avant-Garde (1990); Risking Who One Is: Encounters with Contemporary Art and Literature (1994); and the memoir Budapest Diary: In Search of the Motherbook (1996). She has edited and coedited influential collective volumes, including French Global: A New Approach to Literary History (2010) and After Testimony: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Holocaust Narrative for the Future (2012). Other edited volumes include Exile and Creativity: Signposts, Travelers, Outsiders, Backward Glances (1998) and The Female Body in Western Culture: Contemporary Perspectives (1986). In addition to her scholarly articles, she has published book reviews in the New York Times, the Boston Globe, the American Scholar, and other newspapers and magazines, as well as autobiographical essays. As a Faculty Fellow, Suleiman collaborated with faculty–researchers and graduate students from the College of Liberal Arts’ departments of international studies, English, and history, as well as the Gender and Ethnic Studies Program.
f or eigner s and s t r anger s :
JEWS IN FR ANCE BETWEEN THE TWO WOR LD WARS The word for “foreigner” in French, étranger, also is the word for “stranger.” The two meanings overlap but are not synonymous: One can be a stranger to a community or group without being a foreigner, and some foreigners are not strangers—many people have foreign friends. But both words carry connotations of difference, and possibly exclusion, from the majority group or the nation. The foreigner does not have the right passport (if he has one at all), or the right accent or
In European culture, Jews have historically been the quintessential étrangers—in both senses of the word. Often they were foreigners, given their frequent displacements across national borders in the nineteenth century as they fled pogroms, poverty, and revolutions, followed by more of the same after the two world wars. For much of that time, they were also seen as strangers, even when they stayed in place and despite their attempts to integrate into the national culture. That perception persisted even in countries that promised, and granted, them equal rights as citizens—as ONE CAN BE A STRANGER TO A COMMUNITY happened in France after the Revolution and later in England, Germany, and the OR GROUP WITHOUT BEING A FOREIGNER; Habsburg Empire. The historian Todd AND SOME FOREIGNERS ARE NOT STRANGERS Endelman notes that even in countries where progressive change occurred, “it TO A PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP failed to uproot well-entrenched views about Jewish otherness, neither erasing the stigma of Jewishness nor ushering in an era of unconditional social acceptance.” way of dressing or behaving. The stranger, by contrast, does Some periods were better than others. In France, the not quite fit in, even if she looks and speaks like others and middle decades of the nineteenth century were favorable tries hard to be one of them. Occasionally, the stranger will to Jews. But things got a lot darker in the 1880s after not try to integrate, preferring instead to cultivate that feeling a strong upsurge in Jewish immigration from Eastern of difference. In all their varieties, foreigners and strangers Europe. They got even darker in the last decade of the are outsiders—perceived as such by others and often by century, when the Dreyfus Affair unleashed a veritable themselves. tidal wave of anti-Semitism.
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Je w s as F or eigner s : T he Ups and Do w ns o f Immigr a t ion and Na t ur ali z a t ion L a w
To many people, “foreigners” meant above all foreign Jews. Many Jews did arrive in France after 1933, fleeing Hitler’s Germany. But only 7 percent of immigrants to France in the 1930s were Jewish. Non-Jewish As in other countries, France’s immigration and immigrants seeking work from Italy, Poland, Spain, naturalization laws have varied with political and economic Germany, Hungary, and other European countries far circumstances, both local and international. In times outnumbered Jews. of relative stability and economic well-being, countries Already in the 1930s, France could denaturalize often welcome foreign workers and make room for their “undesirable” citizens who had acquired citizenship naturalization. But in times of political crisis or economic since 1927, revoking some naturalizations during downturn, immigrants become a target of resentment, those years (in criminal cases, for example). A decade especially if they are seen as “stealing” jobs from the native later, during the Nazi occupation of France, the population or profiting from social services that should be Vichy regime began to systematically denaturalize reserved for citizens. After World War I, France saw a decade “undesirables,” beginning with Jews, for whom consequences could be drastic. Jews deprived of citizenship became much more vulnerable to IN 1927, THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY PASSED A deportation. Of the roughly NEW LAW THAT CONSIDERABLY REDUCED 80,000 Jews deported to Auschwitz from France THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CITIZENSHIP between 1941 and 1944, 70 percent were classified as foreigners.
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of prosperity and encouraged the growth of its population, which the loss of young men during the war had severely affected. In 1927, the National Assembly passed a law that considerably reduced the requirements for citizenship. Naturalizations doubled before the end of the decade, although numbers were still modest by current standards: about 23,000 in 1928 and 1929. France had more than 2 million foreigners then, roughly 6 percent of the population. The 1927 law remained on the books throughout the 1930s. Even during the war, the financial crash of 1929 and the worldwide depression that followed, together with new waves of immigration “from the East,” changed the climate of opinion about foreigners in France. Newspaper editorials about foreigners became more and more hostile.
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Je w s as S t r anger s : T he L i t er ar y L andscape The portrayals of Jews in literature followed the broader trends of social discourse and attitudes toward Jews. In the 1920s, several works by non-Jewish French authors portrayed Jews sympathetically—at least, that was how they were interpreted. The Tharaud brothers, Jérôme and Jean, and the novelist Jacques de Lacretelle—mostly forgotten today but considered major writers in the years between the wars—all wrote novels featuring Jewish characters. The Tharauds wrote more than fifty books together, inspired
largely by their travels in Eastern Europe, Spain, and the Middle East. For a long time, the Tharauds were known as “philosemites,” even among Jewish readers. To anyone reading their books today, however, they appear horribly anti-Semitic. One of their best-known novels, Quand Israel est roi (When Israel is King), published in 1921, is a fictionalized travelogue about the Jews of Budapest and Vienna, observed by a young Frenchman who is both fascinated and repelled by their “exotic” ways. He also fears them: The book’s title feeds into the old, powerful antiSemitic fantasy that Jews, if left unchecked, will take over the world. Lacretelle, almost as prolific a writer as the Tharauds, fared better with his posthumous reputation. Two of his best-known works are still read today. Silbermann, published in 1922, won a major literary prize that year and was generally perceived as very sympathetic to Jews. Some critics maintain that view, but others have pointed out that Lacretelle’s attitude toward Jews is ambiguous at best. In fact, both works are redolent of the “genteel” anti-Semitism of the
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THE OLD, POWERFUL ANTI-SEMITIC FANTASY THAT JEWS, IF LEFT UNCHECKED, WILL TAKE OVER THE WORLD
period. The first book describes Silbermann, a French Jewish adolescent, as physically ugly, even repulsive. Although he is extremely brilliant, his “arrogance” and his difference from the other boys make his life in the lycée (high school) terrible, for the other boys taunt him and beat him up. The firstperson narrator, a self-identified Protestant (another religious
Jérôme and Jean Tharaud
minority in France), admires Silbermann’s intelligence and his precocious, quasi-encyclopedic knowledge of French literature. He becomes Silbermann’s only friend in school but ultimately joins his onetime friend’s tormentors. The author does not condone the narrator’s attitude and even shows it to be cowardly, eliciting the reader’s sympathy for Silbermann. Through the plot and the narrator’s observations, however, Lacretelle also manages to insinuate many negative ideas about Jews. Silbermann is the son of Jewish immigrants to France. Hidden on a bookshelf in his room, behind classics of French literature, is a book titled La Sion Future—The Future Zion—an unmistakable if indirect way of suggesting that Jews in France have divided loyalties. Silbermann was born and raised in France and loves and understands its literary classics far better than his Christian schoolmates do. Nevertheless, he is a stranger—alien not only to French society and culture but also to the French literature he so admires. He tells the narrator that he wants to make the “intellectual patrimony” of France his own by becoming a writer one day. But the narrator compares his love of literature to “a foreigner touching beautiful fruits.”
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f o r eig n e r s a n d s t r a n g e r s : j e w s in f r a n c e b e t w e e n t h e t w o w o r ld w a r s
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By the time he wrote Le Retour de Silbermann (1929), Lacretelle had moved noticeably closer to anti-Semitism, though he still tried to keep it covert. The narrator of Le Retour, now a published author, meets Silbermann again several years later, when Silbermann returns to Paris after living in New York. Silbermann is still brilliant, but sick in both body and soul, literally consumed by his own feverish intelligence and by his growing awareness that he will never achieve the literary greatness he had aspired to as a schoolboy. Lacretelle even puts into Silbermann’s mouth one of the most noxious anti-Semitic myths—which Richard Wagner had popularized with his 1850 essay on Judaism
in Music and which would become a staple of anti-Jewish discourse in the 1930s—the myth of the Jews’ incapacity for authentic artistic creation. Looking at his old school prizes, Silbermann remarks bitterly that he had been like a “little rabbi,” able to recite the masterpieces of French poetry by heart. Yet he could not create anything of his own, unlike his former classmate, “the Christian,” who lacked his intelligence but had written a fine book. The dichotomy of “us versus them,” French Christians versus Jews, dominates both novels by Lacretelle. That schism created a system of meaning that relegates Jews, whether French or foreign, THE MYTH OF THE to the status of an exotic— JEWS’ INCAPACITY in some ways fascinating but artistically sterile and FOR AUTHENTIC ultimately repellent. As ARTISTIC CREATION the 1930s advanced toward their disastrous close and anti-Semitism increased accordingly, other French writers found ways to present that Jewish “type” with not even a pretense of sympathy. In 1935, Paul Morand, once known for his “cosmopolitanism,” published a hateful satire on Jews in the film industry, portraying them as grotesque, money-grubbing foreigners who were ruining France. He called the book Doulce France, a traditional phrase meaning “beloved, sweet country of France,” usually uttered by patriotic Frenchmen. In Morand’s book, it’s the Jews who use that phrase, which becomes a satirical barb suggesting that they mean to take over the country. In those books and many others like them, the Jew appears as alien and potentially harmful to France and the French, even if born there. That dichotomy, characterizing the Jew as “other” in opposition to the French “same,” is extremely noxious—and easily transferable to other minorities, as the current debates about Muslims in France make clear.
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I conclude by turning the tables: How did Jewish writers in France between the world wars see themselves, or other Jews, in relation to their French countrymen? In 1930, Albert Cohen, who many years later became famous for writing the international bestseller Belle du seigneur, published his first novel, Solal. The title character is a Cephalonian Jew (Cohen himself was THIS DICHOTOMY, the son of immigrants from Corfu) who OPPOSING THE achieves brilliant JEW AS OTHER success in French society. Dashing, TO THE FRENCH handsome, and fablelike in his intelligence SAME, IS EXTREMELY and talent, Solal NOXIOUS becomes a newspaper editor in Paris and a government minister by the time he is 25 years old (this is not a realist novel!), marries a beautiful young Christian noblewoman who adores him, and seemingly leaves all Jewishness behind. In a sudden and intense moment, he even repudiates his own father, a rabbi, at a public reception. But he ultimately made amends, harboring a whole village of Jews from all over the world—most of them his own relatives, also named Solal—in the basement of his
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chateau in Normandy, where he visits them in secret every night. One cannot get rid of Jewishness, no matter how hard one tries. Did Cohen, too, see Jews as “others”? Yes, but with a crucial difference: He viewed the Jewish “other” not from the outside (the perspective of the non-Jewish “us”) but from the inside. Like his contemporary, the Russian Jewish émigrée Irène Némirovsky, he was keenly aware of the contradictions and dilemmas of Jewish existence in modern times. I leave you with a few questions to ponder: Have Jews fully ceased being “foreigners and strangers” in France and in other European countries? If so, who has replaced them? If not, who has joined them in that space, and how do they share it?
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references Endelman, Todd. Leaving the Jewish Fold: Conversion and Radical Assimilation in Modern Jewish History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015), p. 4. Weil, Patrick. Qu’est-ce qu’un Français? Histoire de la nationalité française depuis la Révolution (Paris: Grasset, 2002), chap. 3, pp. 76–80. Guedj, Jérémy. “Les Juifs français face aux Juifs étrangers dans la France de l’entre-deux-guerres,” pp. 3–4, http://cdlm.revues.org/4637. Weil, Patrick. Qu’est-ce qu’un Français?, chap. 4.
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chr is t opher c .
CUMMINS Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry Department of Chemistry School of Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Among the most innovative synthetic chemists of his generation, Christopher C. Cummins is known for his impact on small-molecule activation related to energy research. He also is recognized for generating and manipulating small molecules that exist only in interstellar space. His ideas have inspired two generations of chemists, extending his approach to the California Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Princeton University, and other top research institutions. As an undergraduate, Cummins performed research at Middlebury College, Stanford University, and Cornell University. He graduated from Cornell with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1989. From there he studied inorganic chemistry under the direction of Nobel laureate Richard R. Schrock at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and obtained his doctoral degree from MIT in 1993. Cummins joined the chemistry faculty at MIT as an assistant professor and three years later was promoted to professor. In 2015, he became the Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry. His research focuses on exploratory synthesis and reactivity studies involving elements from across the periodic table. That endeavor includes synthesis stemming from the elements nitrogen and phosphorus, methods to generate unsaturated reactive intermediates, new inorganic molecules and ligands, bonding modes and reaction patterns of carbon dioxide, uniting anion recognition and transitionmetal coordination chemistries, and new oxygen-reduction phenomena.
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Cummins was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008 and a corresponding member of Germany’s Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 2005. He has received the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Ludwig Mond Award, the first Inorganic Chemistry Lectureship Award from the American Chemical Society’s Division of Inorganic Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize in the Physical Sciences, the American Chemical Society’s F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry, the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, the Dannie Heineman Prize from Germany’s Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the National Science Foundation’s Alan T. Waterman Award, the American Chemical Society’s Award in Pure Chemistry, Phi Lambda Upsilon’s National Fresenius Award, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship, the E. Bright Wilson Prize from Harvard University, and the Packard Foundation Fellowship. Cummins has lectured at The Ohio State University; the University of Michigan; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of Notre Dame; Stanford University; the California Institute of Technology; Columbia University; and the University of Chicago. He has written or cowritten more than 180 articles for peer-reviewed journals. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Cummins will collaborate with faculty and students from the College of Science and the College of Engineering.
ingr id
DAUBECHIES
James B. Duke Professor of Mathematics and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pratt School of Engineering Duke University
Among the world’s most cited mathematicians, Ingrid Daubechies is highly regarded for her study of wavelets—the mathematical functions that can enhance image compression technology. “Daubechies wavelets” remain integral to the JPEG image compression format. Her 1992 monograph, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, is considered a classic in its field and has earned more than 24,000 citations. Daubechies received her bachelor’s degree in physics in 1975 and her doctorate in theoretical physics in 1980, both from Belgium’s Vrije Universiteit Brussel, where she became a research professor in 1984. In 1987, she joined AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, as a technical staff member in its Mathematics Research Center. In 1991, Daubechies moved to Rutgers University as a professor in the Department of Mathematics. She left for Princeton University in 1994 as a professor in the Department of Mathematics and the Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics and in 2004 became the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor. In 2011, she joined the faculty at Duke University as the James B. Duke Professor of Mathematics. Her current research is focused on developing core results for high-dimensional approximation and numerical analysis. Daubechies is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, and the Belgian Royal Academy; a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; an honorary member of the London
Mathematical Society; and a fellow of both the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. In 2012, Belgium’s King Albert II granted Daubechies the title of baroness. She is the spouse of fellow mathematician Robert Calderbank, a 2015–16 TIAS Faculty Fellow. Daubechies has received Belgium’s Louis Empain Prize for Physics, a MacArthur Fellowship, the American Mathematical Society Steele Prize for Exposition in 1994 and for Seminal Research in 2011, the American Mathematical Society Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize, the National Academy of Sciences Medal in Mathematics, the Gold Medal of the Flemish Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Electrical Engineering, the Booker Gold Medal of the International Union of Radio Engineers, and the James Kilby Medal of the IEEE Signal Processing Society. Daubechies received honorary doctorates from Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium in 2000, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne in 2001, Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris in 2005, the University of Genoa in Italy in 2006, the University of Hasselt in Belgium in 2008, and Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 2010. She has written 133 articles in peer-reviewed publications. Daubechies served as president of the International Mathematics Union from 2011 to 2014—the first woman to hold that office. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Daubechies will collaborate with faculty–researchers from the College of Science.
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ger ald
GALLOWAY
Research Professor, Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering A. James Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland
Regarded as the top flood-management expert in the United States, Gerald Galloway is known nationally for leading a federal study into the causes of the Great Flood of 1993 along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. He has consulted on projects for governments around the world, including Italy, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Mexico, Jamaica, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Finland, Iran, and Ukraine. As a Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering at the University of Maryland, Galloway focuses his research on disaster resilience and mitigation, sustainable infrastructure development, and water resources and energy policy and management under climate change. Galloway graduated from the US Military Academy with a bachelor’s degree and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the US Army Corps of Engineers. During a 38-year career in the military, he served in various command and staff assignments in Germany, Southeast Asia, and the US, retiring as a brigadier general. He holds a master’s degree in engineering from Princeton University, a master’s degree in public administration from Penn State University, a master’s degree in military art and science from the US Army Command and General Staff College, and a doctorate in geography from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Before joining the University of Maryland in 2004, Galloway was vice president for geospatial strategies, ES3 Sector, at the Titan Corporation. From 1998 to 2003, he served as secretary of the US Section of the International
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Joint Commission, an independent binational organization charged with preventing and resolving transboundary airand water-quality disputes between the US and Canada under the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909. Galloway also has assisted the White House, the US Water Resources Council, the World Bank, the Organization of American States, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the US Army Corps of Engineers, among many other organizations. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Galloway to the seven-member Mississippi River Commission. He was assigned to lead an assessment of the Great Flood of 1993 along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The resulting recommendations, known as the Galloway Report, encouraged all levels of government and citizens to take responsibility for flood plain management. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. Galloway has received the Army Engineer Association’s Silver De Fleury Medal; the Association of State Flood Managers’ Goddard–White Award; the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Civil Government Engineer of the Year, the Presidents’ Award, the President’s Medal, and the OPAL Award for lifetime achievement; and the Universities Council on Water Resources’ Warren A. Hall Medal. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Galloway will collaborate with faculty–researchers at Texas A&M’s Galveston Campus.
huajian
GAO Walter H. Annenberg Professor of Engineering School of Engineering Brown University
Huajian Gao studies the basic principles that control mechanical properties and behaviors of materials in both engineering and biology and is known for his micromechanics research. He studies how metallic and semiconductor materials behave in thin-film and nanocrystalline forms and how biological materials achieve their mechanical robustness through structural hierarchy. Gao earned his bachelor’s degree in solid mechanics from China’s Xi’an Jiaotong University in 1982, followed by a master’s degree in 1984 and a doctorate in 1988, both in engineering science, from Harvard University. In 1988, he joined Stanford University as an assistant professor and was promoted to professor in 2000. In 2002, Gao joined the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research in Germany as its director. He returned to the United States in 2006 as a professor at Brown University and from 2012 to 2014 directed Brown’s Materials Research and Engineering Center. Currently, he is the Walter H. Annenberg Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering at Brown University, where he affiliates with the faculty in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering. He also serves as principal investigator for the Gao Research Group at Brown. Gao is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the American Geophysical Union, and the Materials Research Society.
He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute of Physics in Great Britain. Gao has received the American Society of Mechanical Engineering’s George Wallace Melville Medal, Robert Henry Thurston Lecture Award, and Charles Russ Richards Memorial Award; the Max Planck Society’s Research Innovation Award; the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award; the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics’ Rodney Hill Prize in Solid Mechanics; and the Society of Engineering Science’s William Prager Medal. Gao has held honorary professorial appointments with the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research and with China’s Shanghai Jiaotong University. In addition, he has held visiting professorships at several national and international universities, including Tsinghua University in Beijing, China; Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China; Xi’an Jiaotong University in China; Northwestern University; the University of Hong Kong; Stanford University; the University of Heidelberg in Germany; the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research of Singapore; the Chinese Academy of Sciences; the University of Cambridge in England; and others. In 2012, Gao, cofounded the Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials at Tsinghua University. He has published more than 380 papers in peer-reviewed publications, attracting more than 23,000 citations, as well as five books. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Gao will collaborate with faculty–researchers in the College of Engineering.
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mar y ellen
GIGER A. N. Pritzker Professor of Radiology College Vice-Chair for Basic Science Research Department of Radiology University of Chicago
An expert in computer-aided diagnosis as well as digital signal and image processing, Maryellen Giger has produced interdisciplinary research that spans medical physics, engineering, data processing, radiology, and radiomics. In 2013, the International Congress on Medical Physics named Giger as one of the fifty medical physicists with the most impact on the field in the last fifty years. Giger earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, physics, and health sciences from Illinois Benedictine College in 1978. She received a master’s in physics from the University of Exeter, England, in 1979 and a doctoral degree in medical physics in 1985 from the University of Chicago. After more than three years as a research associate in the University of Chicago’s Department of Radiology, Giger became an assistant professor in 1986 and an associate professor in 1991. In 1998, she became director of graduate programs in medical physics as well as a professor in the Department of Radiology and the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division in 2000. In 2013, Giger became the A. N. Pritzker Professor of Radiology at the University of Chicago. Her research in computational image-based analyses of breast cancer for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, response to therapy, and biological discovery has yielded various translated components. Her current research uses image-based phenotypes in imaging genomics association studies.
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Giger is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the Radiological Society of North America, the Society for Computer Applications in Radiology, and the Association of University Radiologists. She is a member or fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineers, and the International Society for Optical Engineering. In 2013, she became an inaugural fellow in the University of Chicago’s Institute for Molecular Engineering. Giger has received the Association of University Radiologists’ Stauffer Award (1995 and 2000), the American Association of Physicists in Medicine’s William D. Coolidge Gold Medal, the University of Texas’ Hollingsworth Lectureship in Engineering, Benedictine University’s Distinguished Science Alumni Award, and Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society’s Academic Career Achievement Award. Giger served as a visiting professor at the Mayo Clinic in 1996. She has generated more than 230 articles in peer-reviewed publications and twenty-four book chapters. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Giger will collaborate with faculty–researchers in the College of Engineering as well as with scientists and clinicians in the Texas A&M Health Science Center, the Houston Medical Center, and local hospitals.
r ober t
K ENNICUTT JR . Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy Director Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge (England)
Best known for his work on the Kennicutt– Schmidt law—which relates gas density to starformation rates—Robert Kennicutt Jr. studies star formation and the chemical evolution of galaxies. He also is known for his role in constraining the value of the Hubble constant, the unit of measurement that astronomers and astrophysicists use to describe the expansion of
deputy department head, professor, and editor in chief of the Astrophysical Journal. Kennicutt moved to the University of Cambridge in 2005 and received the Plumian Chair of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy professorship, a chair established by Sir Isaac Newton and previously held by many notable scientists. Cambridge made Kennicutt a Professorial Fellow at Churchill College in 2006 and director of the Institute of the universe. Astronomy in 2008. Kennicutt served as co-leader on a scientific team that He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, definitively measured the expansion of the universe. His the American Astronomical Society, the International current research includes developing methods to characterize Astronomical Union, and the Astronomical Society of the the evolution of distant galaxies as well as high-redshift Pacific and is a fellow of the Royal Society in the United galaxies (those moving away from our solar system). Kingdom and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He earned his bachelor’s degree in physics from Kennicutt received the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, in 1973. the American Institute for Physics and the American He received his master’s degree in 1976 and doctorate in Astronomical Society’s Dannie Heineman Prize in 1978, both in astronomy, from the University of Washington. Astrophysics, and the Gruber Cosmology Prize. He served as a Carnegie Postdoctoral Fellow at Hale Kennicutt has written four books and more than 380 Observatories from 1978 to 1980. articles in peer-reviewed publications, which have been In 1980, Kennicutt joined the faculty in the Department cited more than 42,000 times. Two seminal papers on star of Astronomy at the University of Minnesota as an assistant formation in galaxies have been cited more than 600 times. professor and became an associate professor in 1985. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced He moved to the University of Arizona’s Department of Study, Kennicutt will collaborate with faculty–researchers in Astronomy in 1988 as an associate professor and astronomer the College of Science. at Steward Observatory. While there, he was promoted to
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char les e .
KOLB President and Chief Executive Officer Aerodyne Research Inc.
A leader of one of the world’s most prominent research institutions specializing in atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate, Charles E. Kolb has conducted advanced research in atmospheric and environmental chemistry, combustion chemistry, chemical lasers, and the chemical physics of rocket and aircraft exhaust plumes. Kolb launched Aerodyne’s programs to identify and measure the trace atmospheric gases and aerosols that lead to regional and global pollution, as well as to develop spectralsensing techniques to gauge soil pollutants. He also designed laboratory programs that specify parameters required for atmospheric modeling and measuring trace species important in tropospheric, stratospheric, and mesospheric photochemistry. He has developed and applied models of aircraft and rocket kinetics that are critical to assess how aerospace systems affect the chemical structure of the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Kolb earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as well as a master’s degree in physical chemistry in 1968 and a doctorate in physical chemistry in 1971, both from Princeton University. After joining Aerodyne Research in 1971 as a senior research scientist, Kolb rose through the ranks to become president and CEO in 1985. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the Optical Society of America, the American
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Physical Society, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Kolb has served on several boards and committees dealing with atmospheric and environmental science issues for the federal government, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Research Council. Since 1991, he has chaired the Heterogeneous Processes Subpanel of NASA’s Panel for Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data Evaluation. Kolb received the American Chemical Society’s Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology, the Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society’s Henry A. Hill Memorial Award, Texas A&M University’s Harris Lectureship, Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Hottel Lectureship, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison’s McElvain Lectureship. He has published more than 230 archival journal articles and book chapters, and more than 250 reports, nonrefereed symposia papers, book reviews, invited commentaries, and policy papers. He owns three patents. Kolb served as the atmospheric sciences editor of the journal Geophysics Research Letters from 1995 to 1999 and on the editorial advisory board of Environmental Science & Technology from 2011 to 2015. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Kolb will collaborate with faculty– researchers in the College of Geosciences.
v.
KUMAR
Regents Professor Richard and Susan Lenny Distinguished Chair Professor of Marketing J. Mack Robinson College of Business Georgia State University
An acknowledged expert on marketing research methods, V. Kumar is considered a leading scholar in customer relations management, a field critical to every for-profit or nonprofit organization. Kumar’s areas of interest include measuring customer lifetime value, modeling diffusion of cellular services, analyzing scanner data, developing new models and methods to forecast sales and market share, and identifying market segments. He conducts research in e-commerce, direct marketing, total quality management, customer satisfaction, and international marketing. Kumar has consulted on marketing research projects for companies including IBM, Comcast, HSBC, P&G, ING, Prudential, Wells Fargo, ICICI, Pitney Bowes, Chick-fil-A, BP/AMOCO, AOL, MGM Mirage, Polo Ralph Lauren, Allstate, Home Depot, Equifax, PeopleSoft, Sigma Genosys, Houston Cellular, AT&T, Southwestern Bell, Exxon, American Airlines, Coca-Cola Foods, DuPont, First Interstate Bank, and Houston Lighting and Power. In addition, he has directed marketing research projects for clients including Coca-Cola Foods, Compaq Computers, Baker–Hughes, Houston Northwest Medical Center, Arch Chemicals, IKON, and Bristol Myers Squibb. He is known for developing sophisticated statistical models and creative marketing strategies. After implementing Kumar’s models, P&G Asia-Pacific reported a profit increase of $40 million, whereas IBM reported a gain of $20 million. The Prudential reported a gain of more than $450 million after implementing the Emotion Retirement Quotient Tool, which Kumar co-developed.
Kumar received a bachelor’s degree in engineering and a master’s degree in industrial management, both from the Indian Institute of Technology, and a doctoral degree in marketing from The University of Texas at Austin. In 1985, Kumar joined the faculty of the University of Iowa as an assistant professor and joined the University of Houston in 1987, where he became an associate professor in 1992. He moved to the University of Connecticut in 2001 as the ING Chair Professor and executive director of the ING Center for Financial Services. In 2013, he joined the faculty at Georgia State University, where he is a Regents Professor and the Richard and Susan Lenny Distinguished Chair Professor of Marketing. He also serves as the executive director for the Center for Excellence in Brand and Customer Management. He is a member of the International Institute of Forecasters and the Academy of Marketing Science and a fellow and member of the American Marketing Association. Kumar has received the Routledge–Taylor & Francis/ Society for Marketing Advances Distinguished Scholar Award, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology’s Chang Jian Scholar, four Donald R. Lehmann Awards for Best Paper published in the Journal of Marketing/Journal of Marketing Research, the Journal of International Marketing’s S. Tamer Cavusgil Award, and the Academy of Marketing Science’s Cuto/Vector Distinguished Marketing Educator Award. He has published more than 200 articles in leading academic journals. Kumar became the editor in chief of the Journal of Marketing in 2014. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Kumar will collaborate with faculty–researchers in the Mays Business School.
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w illiam
SAGE James R. Dougherty Chair for Faculty Excellence School of Law Professor of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin
Known as an expert in national health care reform, including market principles driving access to health care, William M. Sage is a leading authority and lecturer on the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid expansion, and other critical issues at the center of today’s health care debate. In 1993, Sage served in the Clinton White House as a cluster leader of the Health Care Working Group for the President’s Task Force on Health Care Reform. He received a bachelor’s degree in biochemical sciences from Harvard University, and between 1982 and 1988, Sage earned two doctorates from Stanford University: a medical degree, garnering research honors in anesthesia and critical care medicine, and a law degree, serving as the note editor for the Stanford Law Review. Sage served his residency in anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Johns Hopkins University in 1989–90. In 1990 he joined the Los Angeles law firm O’Melveny & Myers as an associate in the corporations department. In 1995, Sage joined the law school faculty at Columbia University as an associate professor and became a full professor in 2001. In 2006, he moved to The University of Texas at Austin, where he holds the James R. Dougherty Chair for Faculty Excellence. He served as vice provost for health affairs from 2006 to 2013. Sage received an Investigator Award in Health Policy Research from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 1998 and an honorary doctorate from Paris Descartes University in 2011, where he has served as a visiting professor since 2013.
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He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Academy of Medicine, Engineering, and Science of Texas. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center and the New York Academy of Medicine and an honorary fellow of the American College of Legal Medicine. In 2001, he served as a visiting professor at Duke University’s School of Law, the University of Minnesota Law School and School of Public Health in 2003, Harvard Law School in 2007, and Yale Law School in 2013. He also served as an adjunct faculty member at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine from 1991 to 1992 and the University of Southern California School of Medicine from 1991 to 1995. Sage has cowritten four books, including The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Health Law, published by Oxford University Press in 2015. He has published more than eighty articles in peer-reviewed journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association. He has published chapters in more than twenty books and has written commentaries for the New York Times, the Boston Globe, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, and the Austin American-Statesman. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Sage will collaborate with faculty– researchers in the School of Public Health, the College of Medicine, the Bush School of Government and Public Service, and the School of Law.
t homas s .
ULEN Swanlund Chair Emeritus School of Law University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Author of pioneering textbooks and journal articles, Thomas S. Ulen has devoted his career to examining a variety of issues related to economics, legal scholarship, and legal education. Thanks largely to Ulen’s work, the field of law and economics has become a dominant approach to analyze legal issues. His highly regarded textbook, Law and Economics, is in its sixth edition and has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Korean, French, and Russian. Ulen received baccalaureates from Dartmouth College in 1968 and from St. Catherine’s College at the University of Oxford in 1972. He earned a doctorate in economics from Stanford University in 1979. Ulen joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1979 as an assistant professor of economics, becoming an associate professor in 1981 and a professor of law and economics in 1990. From 2003 to 2010, he directed the Illinois Program in Law and Economics. In 2010, he was named holder of the Swanlund Chair Emeritus, one of the highest endowed titles on the Urbana– Champaign campus. In addition, he is Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois College of Law. Ulen is a founding member of the American Law and Economics Association, a member of the American Economic Association, and an associate member of the American Bar Association.
He has lectured at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Ghent in Belgium, the University of Toronto, the University of Maryland, Penn State University, the University of Zurich, the London School of Economics, and Duke University, among many others. Ulen received an honorary doctorate from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, and was an Erasmus Mundus Fellow, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands. He held the J. Fish and Lillian F. Smith Endowed Chair in Economics at Brigham Young University and was a visiting fellow at the Max Planck Institute in Bonn, Germany. A prolific writer and researcher, Ulen has contributed four entries—on regulation generally, quantity regulation, price regulation, and quality regulation—for the Oxford Economic History of the United States. He recently cowrote two new books: Cognition, Rationality, and the Law for the University of Chicago Press and Foundations of Environmental Policy for Edward Elgar Publishers Ltd. Ulen has published more than eighty articles in peerreviewed journals and nineteen chapters for books. He has served on the editorial boards of several professional journals, including the International Review of Law and Economics, the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Legal Studies, and the Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. As a Faculty Fellow in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Ulen will collaborate with faculty–researchers in the School of Law and the College of Liberal Arts.
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FELLOWS
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2015–16 W. DAVID ARNETT University of Arizona
RICHARD GIBBS Baylor College of Medicine
National Academy of Sciences Henry Norris Russell Lectureship, American Astronomical Society
National Academy of Medicine Texas Academy of Medicine, Engineering, and Science
Research
National Academy of Engineering National Academy of Sciences
Research
Research
Theoretical astrophysics, supernovae, and stellar astronomy
Genome science, human molecular evolution
Materials science and engineering
JOHN T. BROSNAN Memorial University of Newfoundland
J. KARL HEDRICK University of California, Berkeley
Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Royal Society of Canada
Research Amino acid biochemistry
ROBERT A. CALDERBANK Duke University National Academy of Engineering American Mathematical Society
Research Computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics
National Academy of Engineering
Research Nonlinear control theory, automotive control systems
RICHARD HOLM Harvard University National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Research Bioinorganic chemistry
MICHAEL KING University of Colorado
RICHARD DELGADO The University of Alabama School of Law
National Academy of Engineering Fellow, American Meteorological Society Fellow, American Geophysical Union
Six Gustavus Myers Awards for Outstanding Book on Human Rights in North America American Library Association, Choice Outstanding Academic Book
Atmospheric and space physics
Research
National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Critical race theory, law
Research STEVE POLASKY University of Minnesota
Research Ecological/environmental economics
5252
JOHN A. ROGERS University of Illinois at Urbana– Champaign
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MANFRED SCHARTL University of Würzburg, Germany Leopoldina, National Academy of Sciences of Germany Prince Hitachi Prize, Comparative Oncology, Japan
Research Biology, genetics
KUMARES SINHA Purdue University National Academy of Engineering Honorary Member, American Society of Civil Engineers
Research Civil engineering
SUSAN SULEIMAN Harvard University Invited Shapiro Senior Scholar-inResidence, Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, Holocaust Memorial Museum Officer of the Order of Academic Palms (Palmes Académiques), France
Research Twentieth-century French literature
2014–15 HAROLD ADAMS RTKL Associates Inc.
ED MOSES Giant Magellan Telescope Organization
American Institute of Architects (AIA) Kemper Award, AIA
National Academy of Engineering
Research Architecture and building construction
RAKESH AGRAWAL Purdue University National Academy of Engineering National Medal of Technology and Innovation
Research
Research Fusion energy, high-power laser physics
YURI OGANESSIAN Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Russian Academy of Sciences State Prize from the President of Russia (1975 and 2010)
Chemical engineering, invention
Research
JACK DONGARRA University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
ROBERT SKELTON University of California, San Diego
National Academy of Engineering American Association for the Advancement of Science
Research Computational mathematics
Nuclear physics
National Academy of Engineering Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Research Systems and aerospace engineering
WILLIAM MARRAS The Ohio State University National Academy of Engineering American Association for the Advancement of Science International Ergonomics Association
Research Ergonomics and occupational health
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2013–14 LEIF ANDERSSON Uppsala University, Sweden
ROGER HOWE Yale University
Wolf Prize in Agriculture Foreign Associate Member, National Academy of Sciences (US)
National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Research
Mathematics
Animal genetics
SATYA ATLURI University of California, Irvine
ROBERT LEVINE University of Maryland
National Academy of Engineering European Academy of Sciences
Jay B. Hubbell Medal for Lifetime Achievement in American Literary Scholarship Outstanding Book Award, Choice Magazine
Research
Research
Mechanical and aerospace engineering
Literary and comparative studies
CLAUDE BOUCHARD Louisiana State University
WOLFGANG SCHLEICH Ulm University, Germany
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Member, Order of Canada
Academia Europaea Austrian Academy of Sciences
Research
Theoretical and quantum physics
Genetics and nutrition
CHRISTODOULOS FLOUDAS Princeton University National Academy of Engineering
Research Chemical and biological engineering
ROY GLAUBER Harvard University Nobel Prize in Physics National Academy of Sciences
Research Quantum physics
5 45 4
Research
2 0 12–16 f a c ul t y f ello w s
Research PETER STANG University of Utah National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences National Medal of Science
Research Organic chemistry
2012–13 JAY DUNLAP Dartmouth College
ALEDA ROTH Clemson University
National Academy of Sciences Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Distinguished Fellow, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society Fellow, Decision Sciences Institute Fellow, Production and Operations Management Society
Research Genetics, biochemistry
PETER LISS University of East Anglia, UK Fellow, Royal Society Academia Europaea Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Research Environmental sciences
ALAN NEEDLEMAN University of North Texas National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences Timoshenko Medal, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Research Materials science and engineering
Research Global supply chain management
VERNON SMITH Chapman University Nobel Prize in Economics National Academy of Sciences Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Research Experimental economics
KATEPALLI SREENIVASAN New York University National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Research Mechanical engineering
2 0 12 –16 f a c ul t y f e ll o w s
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f inancial
OVERVIEW
The Hagler Institute for
The accompanying pie charts show the sources and uses of funds for the Advanced Study, formerly Institute through August 2017. At its the Texas A&M University outset, the Institute received a fiveyear commitment of $5.2 million from Institute for Advanced Study, Chancellor John Sharp, plus additional start-up funds from Texas A&M will complete its sixth year in University. Through its fifth class of August 2017—the end of the Faculty Fellows, the Academic Master Plan at Texas A&M has funded $4.8 2016–17 academic year. million. Endowments and gifts totaled $2.2 million, which consists primarily of $2 million drawn from funds from Herman F. Heep and Minnie Bell Heep through the Texas A&M Foundation. Support of Fellows by individual colleges is offered as part of the nomination process and is provided only by those colleges that host Faculty Fellows. College support does not come directly to the Institute, but that support provides important funds to meet the Institute’s and the colleges’ objectives of attracting Faculty Fellows. The Institute’s largest expenditure is to pay 70 percent of Faculty Fellows’ salaries; the colleges that recruit Faculty Fellows pay the remaining 30 percent. In addition, the colleges pay expenses associated with each Fellow’s research, housing, and travel. Because the Institute gave $2.1 million to the colleges for graduate students to work with the Faculty Fellows, the net cost to the colleges of supporting the Institute was $0.8 million.
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For the future, Texas A&M has committed $1.8 million per year through the Academic Master Plan and $400,000 per year in earnings from the Heep fund. That funding supports recruiting approximately ten Faculty Fellows each year; we anticipate maintaining that level for the next three years. Eventual earnings from the Hagler endowment and other gifts will allow the Institute to grow. The Institute has attracted $6.6 million in committed funds for Institute chairs and graduate student support—earnings that will also support the Institute’s growth. Significant additional financial support is anticipated from the Texas A&M Foundation’s Lead by Example comprehensive campaign, as well as from the Institute’s Legacy Society. The long-range goal is to recruit twenty Faculty Fellows annually and to provide each with an Institute chair that will enable every college to host one or more Faculty Fellows each year. Accompanying that growth will be expansion of our graduate student fellowships supported by endowments for that purpose. Thanks to Jon Hagler, the University administration, and the A&M Foundation and its Aggie alumni supporters, the Hagler Institute is secure through perpetuity and positioned to grow and expand its impact on the academic reputation of Texas A&M.
commi t t ed f unds
$15.1 MILLION endo w men t s and gi f t s
ac ademic mas t er plan
college supp or t o f f ello w s
chancellor ’s ini t ia t i v e
$2.2M $2.9M
$4.8M $5.2M
e x pendi t ur es
$15.1 MILLION college supp or t o f f ello w s
$2.7M
he ep gr adua t e f ello w ships
$2.1M
f acul t y f ello w s
$5M
ins t i t u t e op er a t ion
$2.5M
r e s er v e s
$1.8M
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char t ing t he way
FORWAR D Previously we
The year 2016 brought astounding success, with a generous $20 million emphasized that the long- endowment commitment from Jon term future of the Institute Hagler and a $2.2 million-per-year commitment from Texas A&M for Advanced Study was University that includes earnings from the Heep Foundation endowment. contingent upon receiving a Those funds will secure the Hagler substantial endowment. Institute in perpetuity at an average annual level of at least ten new Faculty Fellows, each accompanied by two fellowships for graduate students. In this edition of Cornerstone, we are pleased to announce that thanks to those commitments, faculty and students at Texas A&M will forever benefit from new interaction and collaboration with some of the finest scholars in their disciplines. However, growth to afford additional Fellows and students will require additional endowments. The goal of the Institute has long been to eventually recruit twenty new world-class scholars each year and to continue to enhance the University’s global reputation. That goal is actually a means to achieve the overall goal of Vision 2020: to continue the academic evolution of Texas A&M University so it is generally considered one of the ten best public universities in America by 2020, while retaining, or even enhancing, many of the unique features that have differentiated the university in the past. Here, we chart the way forward to achieve those goals. The Hagler Institute’s development thrust has two main components: additions to the Institute’s portfolio of estate gifts and additions to endowments to fund chairs for Faculty Fellows and fellowships for graduate students. The Institute’s ability to attract twenty Fellows annually and to substantially increase its impact depends on those endowments. Each year, Cornerstone will recognize estate gifts
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and other substantial gifts. The Institute’s estate gifts are established through the Texas A&M Foundation for the sole benefit of the Hagler Institute. Those gifts can take many forms, and some may have unusually beneficial tax advantages for the donor. A Texas A&M Foundation development officer will be assigned to focus on increasing the endowments for the Hagler Institute, its college chairs, and its graduate student fellowships. The chairs are devoted exclusively to Faculty Fellows while they are in residence as a part of the Institute for Advanced Study. These established chairs will be filled by a succession of the world’s finest minds in that field of study. Those chairs will make the Faculty Fellow positions more affordable, especially for the smaller colleges. The graduate fellowships are exclusively for students to work directly with those outstanding scholars. Because they are linked with a sequence of world-class scholars, the chair and fellowship endowments are among the most prestigious in the University. They also are among the largest endowed positions, at $3 million for a chair and $600,000 for a graduate student fellowship. Matching funds now total $3.2 million. University President Michael K. Young has provided those funds to the Institute to help quickly attract a few such endowments through the Lead by Example comprehensive campaign. Chairs and graduate student fellowships established through endowments will be permanently named for the donors. Abraham Lincoln once said, “The best way to predict your future is to create it.” Please join your colleagues in the Legacy Society and help chart the way forward by giving back to Texas A&M through the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study. We welcome your involvement to help the University achieve the goals of Vision 2020.
L hagler ins t i t u t e
LEGACY SOCIETY The Legacy Society is composed of former students, faculty, staff, and friends of the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study who have made gifts or made substantial provisions in their estate to endow the Institute. JANET BLUEMEL
Professor Department of Chemistry College of Science
JANET BRIAUD
Chief Investment Officer and Founder Briaud Financial Advisors
JEAN-LOUIS BRIAUD
Professor and Regents Fellow Holder, Spencer J. Buchanan Chair Zachry Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering
JERRY (’72) AND KAY (’02) COX FOUNDATION
President and Chairman Cox & Perkins Exploration Inc.
JUDY AND CLIFFORD L. FRY, ’67
Associate Director Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University
JOHN GLADYSZ OZDEN OCHOA University Distinguished Professor Professor Emerita Holder, Dow Chair in Chemical Invention Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Chemistry College of Engineering College of Science JON L. HAGLER, ’58
Former President, Texas A&M Foundation Distinguished Alumnus Holder, Honorary Doctor of Letters from Texas A&M
ELOUISE AND JOHN JUNKINS
University Distinguished Professor Holder, Royce E. Wisenbaker ’39 Chair Department of Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering Founding Director Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University
THOMAS W. POWELL, ’62
CEO and Chairman Powell Industries Member, Academy of Distinguished Former Students College of Science
ED RACHAL FOUNDATION BRADLEY L. WORSHAM, ’88
Co-founder BIT Systems
ERIC YONG XU ’93
Co-founder of Baidu Chairman, YIFANG Group Holdings Ltd.
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chr is t odoulos
FLOUDAS
One of the world’s greatest analysts of energy processes and an inspiration to everyone who knew him, Professor Christodoulos Floudas died at age 56 in August 2016 while vacationing with his family in Greece. Professor Floudas was a Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study Faculty Fellow in the Class of 2013–14 from Princeton University. He later became the Erle Nye ’59 Chair Professor for Engineering Excellence, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, as well as the director of the Texas A&M Energy Institute. His death represents a tremendous loss to family and friends, to Texas A&M, and to the nation.
Professor Christodoulos Floudas is Gone We can shed tears that he is gone, Or we can smile because he lived. We can close our eyes and pray this is all a bad dream, Or we can open our eyes and appreciate all that he left. We can feel empty because we can’t see his smile, Or we can be filled with resolve like he always was. We can turn our back on tomorrow and relive yesterday, Or we can be inspired by him and live our lives to fulfillment. We can remember him and dwell only on his death, Or we can cherish his memory and help make it live on. We can close our mind, feel empty and fret about our loss, Or we can do what he would want: Smile, and bring our passion for life’s many possibilities. Tribute by Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University
Inspired by the life of Christodoulos Floudas and the poem “He is Gone” by David Harkins 1959—Silloth, Cumbria, UK
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F chr is t o doulo s
FLOUDAS
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HAGLER INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY
a t Te x a s A & M Un i v e r s i t y
Jack K. Williams Administration Building Suite 305 College Station, Texas 77843-3572 hias.tamu.edu For inquiries, contact Clifford L. Fry, Ph.D. Associate Director 979-458-5723 cfry@tamu.edu