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REGEN ER ATIVE DESIGN TECHNOLO

MAR C5330

GIES

Regenerating

First published for Regenerating Sydney 2026 ISBN: 978-0-6459939-4-3 School of Architecture, Design and Planning University of Sydney Wilkinson Building 148 City Road University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

We acknowledge the tradition of custodianship and law of Country on which the University of Sydney is located. We pay our respect to those who have cared, and continue to care for, Country.

Contents 5

Welcome by the Unit Coordinator

Foreword By the Editorial Team

A1 Place Based Analysis By Academic Team

A2 Design Interventions By Academic Team

Welcome UNIT COORDINATOR REGENERATIVE DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES Aysu Kuru 2026 marks the fourth year that the unit of study, Regenerative Design Technologies—or as we emerging regenerators call it “Regen”—has been offered as an interdisciplinary subject to all Master’s students at Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning. Regen carries with it clear expectations around investigating, applying, and assessing designs for regenerative outcomes for future architectural and urban designers and sustainability consultants. The unit equips students with the skills and tools to deliver coherent, technically informed, and environmentally impactful design solutions, engaging regenerative strategies at both the technological and systems level. This year, students worked across three connected lenses — biomimetic, biophilic, and biodiversitysensitive design — to re-establish the missing links between Sydney’s buildings and their ecological and social foundations. Their enquiries ranged from reading the sensory, climatic, and ecological character of a home precinct, to reimagining facades, balconies, and fences as living habitat infrastructure, to rethinking the water, waste, and social systems that hold a neighbourhood together — each proposal working from the conviction that Sydney’s ecological and social fabric can be rebuilt one site, one system, at a time. This catalogue is the second issue in what is becoming an annual Regenerating Sydney series, building on the inaugural 2025 edition. It gathers the place-based analyses and regenerative design proposals produced by the 2026 student cohort. Their ideas are markers for an ecologically and socially rich future for Sydney. We regenerators hope they inspire you in bio-becoming.

FOREWORD The 2026 Regenerating Sydney Catalogue Editorial Team is proud to present a collection of student works from the MARC5330: Regenerative Design Technologies, co-ordinated by Dr. Aysu Kuru. Increasing global awareness of climate change has foregrounded sustainability as a critical lens amongst several contemporary disciplines. Regenerative design however goes beyond sustainability in promoting net positive impacts on the environment, such as reversing environmental damage and protecting biodiversity. Through regenerative design, designers are invited to adopt a more holistic view of the environment, which no longer relies on a human-centric understanding but rather an eco-centric one. As we approach critical climate target deadlines, regenerative design offers the potential to extend our thinking beyond net zero solutions. The contents of this catalogue highlight the potential for regenerative design and systems thinking as place based tools. By considering the state of the environment in unique locations across Greater Sydney, students developed well-considered interventions to the complexities of local precincts, with regenerative principles at the core of each project. Each project also critically challenged its own potential for regeneration through a systems thinking approach, recognising the significance of community stakeholder relationships to biodiversity. The editorial team would like to thank students from the 2026 cohort who generously contributed their work to the catalogue, driving collective discussion towards a regenerative future.

Editorial Team Eulalia Angeli Samuel Carpenter Gabriela Huertas Pomalaya Yuliya Kozhanova Liam Young

Academic Team Aysu Kuru Julieta Loya-Gonzalez Kylie Mills Valerie Saavedra Lux

types of analysis Sensory Sound / Smell / Texture / Light / Ambient Environment

Climate Sun / Radiation / Shadow / Wind / Temperature / Rainfall

Biodiversity Greenery / Types Of Species / Flagship Species / Threatened Species / Vegetation Cover / Water Bodies / Ecological Condition

Building Materiality / Material Types / Toxic Materials / Biomaterials / Building Size / Building Volume / Building Use / Systems

Footprint Carbon footprint / Lifecycle / Energy Use / Water Use / End of life

BENEATH THE BUNGALOW - WILLOUGHBY Samuel Carpenter

Sitting 9km from Sydney's CBD, North Willoughby is a low-density suburb shaped by over 5,800 years of Cammeraygal occupation, colonial land clearing, and a post-war bungalow boom that has come to define its streetscape. Beneath this familiar suburban fabric lies a more complex story — one of creek catchments, urban heat, biodiversity corridors, and ecological pressure. This analysis moves beyond the built environment to examine how place is experienced, ecologically structured, and climatically conditioned. From the sensory rhythms of a Sunday morning walk to the hydrological behaviour of Camp Creek, the work positions North Willoughby not as a suburb to be sustained, but as one with real capacity for restoration. 1 2

1. Ambience of the local shops

2. Local tennis courts

3. Willoughby Park 4. People and traffic interaction

5. Topgraphic decent and protected bushland

2 4 3

Nodal pattern Commute flow Leisure flow Smell

Smell Scent and smell Gathering Community engagement Gathering Prospect Propsect and outlook

Ambient noise Noise Prospect

Noise

BETWEEN GREEN AND GREY - CHIPPENDALE Gabriela Huertas Pomalaya

The study examines the environmental and ecological conditions of the precinct, which includes the intersection of Chippendale, Ultimo, Glebe, and Camperdown, and the building's location. Image 1 illustrates the spatial structure, highlighting the relationships among Victoria Park, Broadway Shopping Centre, and the surrounding residential areas, as well as certain activity patterns. Image 2 presents the biodiversity network, revealing that Victoria Park is a critical ecological refuge for supporting urban flora and fauna. Finally, the analysis identifies some gaps and opportunities to strengthen ecological connectivity, improve environmental performance, and support regenerative outcomes within this dense urban context.

ANALYSIS OF MARRICKVILLE PRECINCT Tiwi Rahmaddi

This project investigates the environmental performance of a residential building and its precinct in Marrickville, Sydney. The precinct comprises a mix of residential, commercial, educational, and green spaces, creating diverse environmental and sensory conditions.

Sensory mapping was conducted to analyze patterns of sound, smell, light and shadow, and spatial conditions across the precinct. The analysis identified the key sources and areas affected by traffic noise, pollution, and heat, highlighting opportunities to improve environmental quality and user comfort. While ecological continuity analysis and mapping examines how green spaces are distributed and connected. Where it is identified that the fragmented vegetation continuity and extensive hard surfaces create gaps that reduce habitat continuity in this precinct. Together, these analysis identify key environmental gaps and opportunities that provide a foundation for regenerative design strategies that will contribute to the improvement of environmental quality, strengthen ecological connectivity, and create a more resilient and integrated urban environment.

Each proposal was also evaluated through a literature- and context-informed SWOT framework. Adaptability and robust environmental outcomes emerged as common strengths, whereas cost implications and delivery complexity were recurring weaknesses. Opportunities centred on scalability and alignment with urban policy, while political and economic volatility featured among the identified threats. Critical evaluation considered the extent to which each proposal reflected systems thinking and regenerative principles in practice. Not every design achieved full regenerative status, yet many demonstrated genuine advances in circularity, inclusivity, and ecological repair. Students explored how these interventions might catalyse lasting change across Sydney's built environment. The pages that follow bring together a collection of student group projects working to regenerate Sydney's environmental infrastructure, communities, precincts, and buildings.

Academic Team Aysu Kuru Julieta Loya-Gonzalez Kylie Mills Valerie Saavedra Lux

REWILDING THE RIDGELINES Samuel Carpenter & Leroy D'Souza

Rewilding the Ridgelines reimagines North Willoughby's residential roofscape as a regenerative ecological corridor. Responding to historic ridgetop habitat clearance and urban heat island effects, the proposal retrofits 1 Glover Street, the "typical Californian Bungalow" as "Patient Zero," installing modular tall-heath roof tiles and ephemeral nature strip habitats that restore lost frog and pollinator breeding grounds while passively cooling the building through evapotranspiration. Willoughby Oval becomes the project's Regenerative Hub, where residents propagate local-provenance seedlings and assemble their own modules, transforming ecological repair into a community-led, intergenerational practice. Together, these interventions stitch fragmented habitat back together one rooftop, garden, and household at a time.

Climate Refuge - Evapotranspiration

Solar Irradiation Protection & Active Shading

Native Habitat Legend Fauna

Flora

Willoughby Oval becomes the project's Regenerative Hub, where residents propagate local-provenance seedlings and assemble their own modules, transforming ecological repair into a community-led, intergenerational practice. Together, these interventions stitch fragmented habitat back together one rooftop, garden, and household at a time. Citizen Science Shed Ecoloiteracy Node

Local Provenance Seed Bank

Modular Assembly Multi-layered habitat

URBAN HOLLOW Marco Wong & Taiki Arita

Our project responds to Green Square’s transformation from Nadunga Gurad’s wetland ecology into a heavily redeveloped urban precinct. Through the mapping of former swamps, industrialisation, redevelopment, and present vegetation loss, the first image establishes the ecological damage that shaped the project’s purpose. Building from this context, the design proposes a modular ecological pavilion system that reintroduces habitat, native planting, and public interaction into biological gaps across the precinct. As shown in the second image, bamboo structures, planter boxes, nest boxes, seating, and repeatable components work together to reconnect people, birds, insects, and plants within everyday urban life.

EUCALYPTUS-INSPIRED REGENERATIVE HABITAT Jarrah Ngurra

The design proposed a prefabricated façade infrastructure system that can be retrofitted onto residential buildings. The system is composed of modular components that can be arranged and aggregated through various configurations, enabling the façade to expand, adapt, and connect across individual buildings and the wider streetscape. Beyond serving as a building envelope intervention, the system performs multiple ecological functions, including habitat creation, shading, shelter provision, food-source generation, stormwater management, biodiversity support, and carbon sequestration.

Jarrah Ngurra reimagines the residential façade as a living branch system that grows from the logic of Eucalyptus trees. Instead of treating greenery as an added skin, the design transforms the building edge into habitat infrastructure: a modular trellis of trunks, joints, hollows and regrowth points that supports climbers, nesting, shade and movement for urban wildlife. Its blue-carbon-inspired layers slow water, build soil, store carbon and feed planting systems. The proposal becomes a hybrid between architecture and ecology, where the façade acts as shelter, filter, canopy and community threshold within Auburn Street.

THE LIVING CANOPY: A REGENERATIVE BUS SHELTER INSPIRED BY ELEPHANT SKIN Lana Lakkis & Priyanka Gounder

Taking inspiration from the thermoregulatory properties of the skin of an African elephant, the following proposal aims to reimagine conventional civic architecture through the lens of biomimicry as a regenerative design method to address the UHI conditions in Rooty Hill. The design aims to function as more than just a static form of transport through methods such as integrated native planting, habitat creation, and evaporative mist cooling. Through the incorporation of such systems within the structure, the proposal transforms into a regenerative public microclimate that supports the local biodiversity and community wellbeing across the suburb of Rooty Hill.

KUROSOL COMMONS Poorvi Prakash & Sam Om

The proposed wetland concept for Enmore Park centres on creating a new wetland system to improve stormwater quality and treat water for reuse within the park, strengthening the ecological health of the Inner West Council area. Existing trees are retained to preserve canopy cover and habitat structure, while bridges and pathways are constructed from recycled materials to minimise environmental impact. Soil quality is enhanced to support native species, boosting biodiversity and ecological resilience. A “Canopy Commons” is introduced on the western side of the park to expand shaded public space and improve comfort. Overall, the layout emphasises accessibility, ecological restoration, social interaction, and connected landscape circulation.

BALCONY ECO-BRIDGE Luying Peng & Yuanping Lin

Balcony eco-bridge reactivates underused high-rise balconies and facades by reconnecting ecological systems, built form and community participation. The proposal is a modular balcony extension that integrates green wall shading, rainwater collection, planting and habitat support at a residential scale. When repeated across multiple balconies, the units form a vertical habitat chain along apartment facades, strengthening biodiversity within dense urban environments. Gutter Mechanical Anchor

Water Collection Shallow bird bath

Green Wall Panel

Planter Box

Black Cockatoo/Powerful Owl Nest Box

Alternative 1: Small-Medium Bat Boxes

Alternative 2: Smaller Owls/Ducks Box

Materials such as recycled steel, terracotta, green wall panels and recycled timber are selected for durability and environmental performance. The system is also arranged by access and species needs: planter boxes sit at human-operable height, while bird nesting units are positioned lower to reduce disturbance.

Change the bird nest unit is not that hard! just need to take the planter box out first...then bird box...

Let’s go see the bird bathing!

Deep (low plate)

Our neighbor’s Green wall is looking good!

I wanna change our plant to some local flowers...

Shallow (high plate)

Perfect drinking/bathing point!

Deep Rainwater

Shallow

Gr (ab eenw sorb al ext l pa n ra wa el ter)

Perfect viewing point!

Perfect feeding point!

Plant Box unit (Filter overheat sunlight)

Perfect size home! Green wall panel (Block overheat sunlight)

MYCELIUM NETWORK Monica Maldonado Murillo & Tiwi Rahmaddi

This project examines the precinct surrounding Marrickville Town Hall in Sydney’s Inner West, an area with a mix of residential, commercial, civic, educational, and community functions. Despite its accessibility, the precinct is dominated by movement corridors, fragmented vegetation, extensive impervious surfaces, and weak ecological connectivity, reducing biodiversity, habitat continuity, and environmental performance. Opportunities for meaningful engagement with nature and Country remain limited. In response, the project proposes a distributed regenerative network inspired by mycelial systems, comprising a civic anchor node (Main Hub), smaller ecological stepping nodes (Small Nodes), and localised fauna-supportive crossings (Ecological Bridges) distributed throughout the precinct. Together, these interventions strengthen vegetation continuity, enhance biodiversity, improve microclimatic comfort, and increase ecological resilience across the precinct.

THE LIVING LIGHT WALL Alyssa Olalia & Gabriela Huertas Pomalaya

The Living Light Wall is a regenerative retrofit proposal developed in response to the pruning of an internal tree in a residential corridor in Chippendale, which reduced vegetation, biodiversity and environmental quality. Inspired by photosynthetic living systems, the design integrates daylight redistribution, habitat creation, passive water management and low-energy lighting into a modular terracotta wall system (Image 1). Biomimicry principles from photosynthesis, forest-edge ecologies and capillary transport systems guide the architectural strategy, translating ecological processes into design strategies (Image 2). Rather than functioning as a static object, it operates as a living infrastructure capable of adaptation, ecological regeneration and future urban replication.

ECO FENCE Shubha Jayant & Dhriti Shah

Eco Fence is a design proposal for a modular biophilic fence system for Glebe Public School that takes the idea of conventional fences and parking areas into regenerative ecological and social infrastructure. Designed to reduce urban heat and support regenerative design principles, the fence creates a vertical ecosystem that provides food, water, and shelter for native plants, pollinators, birds, and threatened species. By reconnecting fragmented green spaces, it strengthens local biodiversity corridors and enhances habitat movement. The system incorporates rainwater harvesting, birdhouses, bee boxes, and bamboo shading structures for parking areas within a circular economy framework. The concept is scalable and can be expanded to residential, park, and community boundaries across Glebe.

NESTING IN THE CITY Sally Orfli & Sbika Surendiran

The project proposes a network of Superb Fairy-wren habitat planters that connects the ecological corridor from Mason Park Wetlands into surrounding parklands along Powells Creek, that lack understorey vegetation for small bird habitat. By targeting the Superb Fairy-wren, the intervention supports biodiversity outcomes, creating habitat that benefit other fauna and invertebrates.

NEXUS Aaron Kerr & Rohan Maurer

NEXUS is a modular system that is a substitution for lightweight timber additions that were built cheaply in the early 2000s. Through implementing this modular system, additions to houses can be made while regenerating ecosystems without disrupting the streetscape and living conditions. Through proper insulation and construction technologies, NEXUS provides living and service spaces that accommodate denser living and accommodate larger families. NEXUS also regenerates local ecologies through biological giveback and integrating into the local ecosystem. This is done through systems like the compost heating, green roof and mycelium brick structure. By implementing nexus rather than generic timber construction, the longevity of the building is increased, and the demolition cycle is interrupted. This allows flora and fauna to mature and flourish in the absence of construction.

PEACE PARK Ashwini Rai & Toshvi Kale

Peace Park, Chippendale currently loses 100% of its annual rainfall approximately 1,400,000 litres to stormwater drains. Closed-Loop Urban Water Commons proposes a regenerative intervention that transforms this linear waste into a continuously recycled ecological resource. A lightweight community pavilion anchors the design, harvesting rainfall through a sloped roof into underground storage, filtering it through a native bio-swale, and redistributing it via drip irrigation; mimicking a forest floor's hydrological logic. The closed-loop system diagram illustrates how capture, filter, store, reuse, and overflow stages form a self-reinforcing cycle, enhancing biodiversity, reducing mains water dependency by 60%, and building community ecological literacy through visible infrastructure.

LIVING CROSSINGS Nimish Pardeshi & Shena Sebastian

Living Crossings is a regenerative street system that transforms urban corridors into multifunctional ecological spaces. A temporary bamboo canopy provides immediate habitat, perches, flowering support and public seating while new trees mature. Beneath this, a narrowed carriageway slows vehicles, while bioswales, permeable paving and Strata vault cells manage runoff, filter pollutants and protect uncompacted roots. Rope bridges and planted vertical structures reconnect isolated habitats for arboreal species until canopy links form over 15 years. Ongoing maintenance supports cooling, biodiversity, wildlife safety, soil health and community stewardship goals.

SHADED PERMEABLE LANEWAY STRATEGY Tong Wu & Xiaoyi Zeng

This proposal reimagines underused outdoor spaces as small-scale regenerative infrastructure for everyday campus life. The Shaded Permeable Laneway Strategy transforms a narrow impervious service route exposed to strong sun into a cooler pedestrian corridor through climbing vegetation, raised planters, permeable paving, linear drains and drip irrigation. Surface runoff is slowed, filtered and reused to support planting while reducing heat build-up from hard surfaces. The Rainwater Community Pavilion extends this approach by collecting roof runoff and redirecting it to storage and planting. Together, the two interventions connect water, shade, habitat and social use, turning exposed outdoor areas into shared care systems.

RAINWATER COMMUNITY PAVILION Nimish Pardeshi & Shena Sebastian

MODULAR LIVING PAVILIONS Yuliya Kozhanova & Eunice Ling

Modular Living Pavilions combining the planter and insect hotel modules with human activity, this system seeks to integrate native biodiversity back into the ecosystem by normalizing their co-existence within the urban space. Its siting within under-utilized streets in the suburbs are highly specific and complementary to the existing businesses and human activity. The modules are expandable and can be tailored to suit the needs of surrounding businesses, providing incentive for its initial installations. The goal is for this co-existence to evolve into changing urban mindsets to allow for larger-scale policies and reforestation to receive public support.

BURWOOD REGENERATIVE PROPOSAL Shuyang Zhang & Yuntian Deng

This proposal is a complex intervention that considers mid-cycle maintenance, performance improvement, productive green infrastructure, and community culture. The site building is Railway Parade Burwood (Glass Eyesore), a building completed 13 years ago with a low-performance facade and nearing mid-cycle maintenance, including facade replacement. Burwood is a suburb with plenty of Asian restaurants surrounding these high-rise buildings, creating a strong demand for spices, herbs, and vegetables. Therefore, it transforms the scaffolding for maintenance into a vertical, water-based farm growing chives, coriander, or other plants, depending on their wind resilience. This proposal is expected to provide a solution for similar problems in this high-rise community.

SANDGROUSE STATION Himani Patil & Ili Varma

The proposal transforms a conventional bus stop into a regenerative urban micro-habitat that integrates passive cooling, water retention, biodiversity support, and public comfort within a compact footprint. Inspired by the Saharan silver ant and sandgrouse feather systems, the design combines high-SRI reflective surfaces, terracotta hydrological networks, native planting, and solar-powered infrastructure to address heat, rainfall, and ecological challenges identified through climatic analysis. Form development prioritises airflow, shading, water collection, and groundwater recharge, while stakeholder mapping highlights relationships between governance, public users, and ecological beneficiaries. Together, these systems create low-maintenance, climateresponsive transit infrastructure that supports both human and environmental well-being.

3. VEGETATED CAPILLARY COOLING CORE The vegetated terracotta core functions as a self-wetting cooling system, where porous planting media, airflow slits and capillary terracotta pathways retain and redistribute moisture to support passive cooling, plant hydration and climatic moderation during wet and dry periods.

1. BRANCHING CLIMATIC CANOPY EVOLUTION

The branching canopy geometry was developed to distribute passive airflow while increasing rainwater collection and redistribution across the environmental system.

High-SRI Reflective Plates Supports 3 functions Capillary Water Retention Layer Hydrological Expansion Channel Passive Airflow Gap

Protective Aluminium Mesh Skin

6. CAPILLARY RECHARGE COOLING COLUMN

The cooling column

High-SRI Reflective Plates

Ventilation + Expansion Slits Allow passive airflow, terracotta expansion and carefully directs water through the funnel shape into the hydrological collection system.

Groundwater Capillary Connection

Capillary combines High-SRI Terracotta plates, porous Cooling Layer terracotta and

Protective Aluminium Mesh Skin

protective mesh within a connected capillary system that redistributes rainwater, supports groundwater recharge and sustains passive cooling and plant moisture through wet and dry periods.

5. WATER COLLECTION ZONE

The gaps within the barbuleinspired layer allow airflow to pass through, collect and retain rainwater, and provide expansion space for the porous terracotta system to support evaporative cooling and hydrological performance.

Capillary Terracotta Cooling Layer

NESTING IN THE CITY Mutia Oktaviati & Sania Partadiredja

A Biodiversity-Sensitive Facade System for Urban Coexistence is a regenerative design proposal for habitat fragmentation and loss of urban biodiversity in dense residential precincts of Sydney. The project proposes the integration of biodiversity-sensitive green facade systems in existing residential buildings to provide habitat opportunities for small bird species. The design is based on a Country-centred approach, with modular facade panels, integrated nesting spaces and native Australian vegetation such as Grevillea, Hakea and Banksia to increase ecological connectivity and support urban wildlife.

The proposed re-imagining of building facades as active ecological infrastructure aims to foster humannature connections, improve environmental performance, and contribute to the creation of more resilient and regenerative urban environments.

DISPERSED AVIARY Tristan Ponomban and Liam Young

The industrial action of Pyrmont’s past led to the original ecosystems being nearly entirely erased, leaving behind an ecosystem that has been reduced to human-managed patches resulting in weaker urban ecological connectivity. The Dispersed Aviary addresses this issue via recyclable habitats with flexibility in placement and construction. The design consists of 3 main modules: Habitats for nesting flyers, Feeders for scavengers, and Planters as local food sources for the occupants. The design encourages community members to engage in nurture of local fauna - as both benefit from more habitats and increased wellbeing.

MYCO.PAV Eulalia Angeli

Myco.Pav tests proposed that small, slow biological solutions powered by community participation can remediate contaminated land more affordably, regeneratively and equitably than industrial intervention. Sited at a lead contaminated park in Marrickville, the pavilion sits within a remediation zone, colonised by oyster mushroom mycelium which accumulates and absorbs lead from the soil. The contaminated biomass is removed from site, where emerging technologies could recover the lead for use in solar panel batteries, contributing to a decarbonised energy grid and circular economy. A central community garden invites volunteers to participate in ecological recovery, building capacity for food sovereignty. Myco.Pav aims to unite researchers, industry and community through a Living Lab partnership, providing infrastructure for assessing the proposal’s effectiveness, informing scaling to other contaminated sites.

TERMITE MOUND BIOMIMETIC HOUSING DESIGN Kun Bao & Hantao Ye

Our project involves the renovation of bionic residences inspired by termite mounds, with the primary objective of addressing building overheating. The first illustration depicts the building envelope. Drawing on the vegetation covering natural termite mounds, we strategically arrange green plants to mitigate solar irradiance. The second illustration shows the internal ventilation structure. We replicate the intricate network of tunnels inside termite mounds to install ventilation ducts and enhance air circulation.

PROJECT LOCATIONS

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Published on the occasion of Regenerating Sydney 2026, presented at the Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning.

ISBN: 978-0-6459939-4-3

Editors Eulalia Angeli Samuel Carpenter Gabriela Huertas Pomalaya Yuliya Kozhanova Liam Young

Design Samuel Carpenter Yuliya Kozhanova

This book, Regenerating Sydney 2026, and all works depicted in it are © contributors. All rights reserved. We endeavour to ensure all information contained in this publication is accurate at the time of printing.

Regenerating Sydney 2026 would have not been possible without:

Academic team Aysu Kuru Julieta Loya-Gonzalez Kylie Mills Valerie Saavedra Lux

Printed in Sydney, Australia.

Master of Architecture Master of Architecture Bachelor of Master Design of in Architecture Architectural Science Bachelor of Master Architecture and Environments of Building Performance and Sustainable Design Masters of Design (Strategic Design) School of Architecture, Design and Planning University of Sydney