The Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat's 2013 Annual Report

The Sahel a nd SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Club West Africa Club Secretariat Secretariat 2013 annual Report

ILSS

Contents About the Club

3

2013 Sahel and West Africa Week

8

ECOWAS MEMBER COUNTRIES ➔ Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia (The), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

12

Settlement, Market and Food Security

18

Regional Governance of Food Security

20

UEMOA MEMBER COUNTRIES

Monitoring Regional Trends

26

Governance & Budget

28

➔ Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, GuineaBissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

UEMOA

NIGER

MALI

•••

••• © Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat (SWAC/OECD), 2014.

CHAD ANDApril COUNTRIES OF ECOWAS, UEMOA CILSS BURKINA FASO

•••

•

➔ Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia (The), Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international BENIN frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

•••

TOGO

GHANA

CILSS MEMBER COUNTRIES

•••

NIGERIA

•

•

MAURITANIA

•

••• CAPE VERDE THE GAMBIA •• •• GUINEA-BISSAU •••

SIERRA LEONE

•

NIGER

MALI

SENEGAL

•••

••• •••

GUINEA

••

LIBERIA

•

•••

BENIN

•••

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

TOGO

GHANA

•

CHAD

•

BURKINA FASO

•••

NIGERIA

•

30-May-2013 10:3

About the Club

The Club Working together for regional integration The Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC) is a group of West African organisations, countries and international organisations.

MembERS

The Club is the only international platform entirely dedicated to regional issues. Its mission is to help build more effective policies to improve peoples’ living conditions within this common and interdependent area composed of the 17 countries of ECOWAS, UEMOA and CILSS. Based on dialogue and innovation, the Club facilitates co-ordination, conducts independent and forward-looking analysis, and devises guidelines and policy tools for Members and other stakeholders.

Some 70 stakeholders participate in the Club’s platform: governments of West African countries and of OECD member countries, regional organisations, professional associations and civil society groups, development partners and research centres.

Its Secretariat is based at the OECD, which provides critical access to global fora within which West Africa can make its voice heard.

Austria

Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs

Belgium

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation

CILSS

Executive Secretariat of the Permanent Inter- State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel

ECOWAS

Commission of the Economic Community of West African States

France

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Luxembourg

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Netherlands (The) Ministry of Foreign Affairs ASSISES 2010

Switzerland

Federal Department of Foreign Affairs

UEMOA

Commission of the West African Economic and Monetary Union

Aide-mémoire

A une semaine de la tenue à New York de la réunion à haut niveau sur la réalisation des UEMOA

objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), l’édition 2010 des Assises de la

Coopération luxembourgeoise ne peut pas faire l’impasse sur cet exercice de bilan intermédiaire, à deux tiers du chemin entre 2000, année d’adoption des OMD, et 2015,

United States

U.S. Agency for International Development

rendez-vous pris pour leur mise en œuvre. Après tout, dans sa stratégie générale d’intervention, la Coopération luxembourgeoise place très haut la priorité d’atteindre les

OMD. Par ailleurs, elle se donne les moyens financiers et définit ses priorités sectorielles

The European Union (EU) and the Agence française de développement (French Agency for Development - AFD) are strategic partners of SWAC and publique au développement (APD) du Luxembourg n’a pas été revu à la baisse pour to the financing implementation of its programme of work. causecontribute de crise économique globale, et and les stratégies sectorielles de la Coopération de sorte à apporter sa part à la réalisation des OMD. En effet, le niveau élevé de l’aide

luxembourgeoise visent à faire progresser le développement sur toute l’étendue du front des OMD.

As Observers, the Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, and the Network of Farmers’ Organisations and Agricultural Au tout début de cette première décennie du nouveau millénaire la communauté Producers of au West (ROPPA) are closely with the Club. internationale, réunie plus Africa haut niveau, avait adopté les OMDassociated avec des cibles quantifiées et des indicateurs de mesure. Pour la première fois un agenda consensuel avait

2013 Annual pu être défini, avec une clause de rendez-vous sur le long terme, tenant compte du Report fait que le développement durable est un exercice d’endurance et de longue haleine. Dans la foulée, un consensus avait mené à un autre : le Consensus de Monterrey de 2002 sur le

3

About the Club

Always on the move

E

xactly thirty years ago, Anne de Lattre, founder of the Club, and Arthur Fell published a booklet on “Club du Sahel - another type of international co-operation” which presented lessons learned since the creation of the Club du Sahel in 1976. It concludes, “Co-operation is a means to facilitating the establishment of new relations between rich and poor countries. This endeavour needs to be constantly evolving.”

Even today, this aim remains the guiding principle of the Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC). We constantly seek to adapt ourselves – to the increasing complexity of regional and international challenges and to the rapidly evolving context. Food security challenges are very different and much more complex than those in the 1980s. Today, insufficient income is the main cause of hunger and malnutrition. Over the past three decades, per-capita food availability has increased by 30%. However, 10% of the population remains extremely vulnerable to food insecurity.

Efforts to relieve hunger need to concentrate simultaneously on preparing for the threat of and coping with natural disasters, anticipating dysfunctional markets and fighting poverty. For such efforts, we must identify which approach is more appropriate: emergency actions or structural responses. Last but not least, our collective efforts must be developed with a coherent approach, using a shared language and fostering co-ordinated action. This captures, in a nutshell, the terms of reference of the Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA), which will celebrate its 30 th anniversary in December 2014.

4

2013 Annual Report

“Co-operation is a means to facilitating the establishment of new relations between rich and poor countries.

This endeavour needs to be constantly evolving.”

A growing number of stakeholders from different professional backgrounds and institutional affiliations participate in the work of the Network. This large diversity of actors faces an increasingly complex food and nutritional situation in which it can be difficult to distinguish between structural and conjunctural causes or even to differentiate cause from effect. The Global Alliance for Resilience (AGIR) symbolises this complexity. AGIR represents a unique experience of dialogue and co-ordination which should be sustained.

Strengthening the Network, therefore, is a continuous challenge and priority for the SWAC Secretariat. The RPCA made significant advances, widely recognised in 2013. These efforts will be pursued and consolidated in 2014 and beyond, keeping in mind the need to adapt tools and methodologies to an ever-evolving context.

About the Club

Over the past ten years, the region has seen new chronic threats take root– those of instability and conflict linked to trafficking and terrorism. As in the 1970s and 80s when the region fought unprecedented droughts, the Sahel is again the first to feel the devastating effects of an emerging phenomenon that expands well beyond the region. Drawing upon its expertise and in response to its Members’ request, the SWAC Secretariat has contributed to analysing the situation. It published a study in the OECD West African Studies series entitled “Conflict over Resources and Terrorism: Two Facets of Insecurity” and is currently producing an Atlas of the Sahara-Sahelian areas; initial findings were presented at the 2013 SWAC Forum. The Secretariat has also contributed to analysing the role of pastoral livestock in the stabilisation and development of the Sahara-Sahel.

The quality of these contributions has been recognised by the West African and international community, and the SWAC has extended its sphere to include actors in charge of the “Sahel strategies” of concerned countries (namely Mali and Niger), as well as major international institutions such as the African Development Bank, the African Union, the European Union, the United Nations and the World Bank. In addition, the ECOWAS Commission asked Members to accept that the SWAC works with UEMOA and CILSS on a West African strategy to strengthen regional responses and improve co-ordination.

Security and development of the Sahara-Sahel will remain a key concern for regional and international policymakers. As with food and nutritional security, tackling these challenges will require a great deal of innovation and adaptive capacity. More than ever, the region will need to consolidate and develop new tools and approaches adapted to the scale of transnational Sahelian and West African challenges.

The SWAC’s mandate is to support this process.

It is in this spirit that we continue our journey.

In 2014, the SWAC will continue to support and contribute to the work of regional and international policymakers tackling the region’s development challenges. Even as the organisation moves forward as it must, its mission – adapting regional policies and making them more efficient – will not change.

Laurent Bossard Director, SWAC Secretariat

2013 Annual Report

5

About the Club

The Club at a glance 1973. Extreme drought in the Sahel; creation of the “Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel” (CILSS).

1976. Creation of the “Club du Sahel” at the initiative of CILSS and some OECD member countries aimed at mobilising the international community in support of the Sahel.

2006. Launch of the ECOWAS Cross-border Initiatives Programme (CIP), conceived on the basis of SWAC work.

2007. Support for the ECOWAS Commission in drawing up its “Strategic Vision for 2020”.

2008. Support for the set-up of the ECOWAS Early-Warning and Response Network for Conflict Prevention (ECOWARN).

1984. Another devastating drought; creation of the “Food Crisis Prevention Network” (RPCA) at the initiative of CILSS and the Club.

2008. Support for the elaboration of the ECOWAS “Common Approach on Migration”.

1990. Adoption of the “Food Aid Charter” by Sahelian countries and DAC member countries.

2008/2009. Support for the ECOWAP “Regional Agricultural Investment Programme” (RAIP).

1994. Release of the West Africa Long-Term Perspective Study (WALTPS), “Preparing for the Future: a Vision of West Africa in the Year 2020”.

2009. Support in defining strategic guidelines for the development of the livestock sector within ECOWAS and UEMOA.

1997. Adoption of the Banjul Memorandum by the Sahelian Heads of State and Government for more effective aid.

2000. Creation of the Network of Farmers’ Organisations and Agricultural Producers of West Africa (ROPPA).

2001. Expansion of the Club’s geographic focus to all of West Africa (member countries of ECOWAS, UEMOA, CILSS).

2005. Support for the elaboration of the ECOWAS Common Agricultural Policy (ECOWAP).

2011. Inception of the new Club; ECOWAS, UEMOA and CILSS joined the Club as full Members.

2011. Adoption of the “Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and Management”, which covers 17 West African countries.

2011. G20 Africa Outreach Session on “Agricultural and Food Price Volatility: African Views and Perspectives”.

2012. Launch of the Global Alliance for Resilience (AGIR) Sahel and West Africa.

2014. Atlas on the Future of the Sahara-Sahelian areas.

6

2013 Annual Report

About the Club

2.

1.

3.

4.

1. Maty Ba Diao, Head of the Information and Research Department, Agrhymet/CILSS 2. HE Mr Pierre Buyoya, former President of Burundi and AU High Representative for Mali and the Sahel; and François-Xavier de Donnea, SWAC President; 3. Abdourahamane Maouli, Mayor of Arlit, Niger; and Hansjürg Ambühl, Head of West Africa Division, SDC, Switzerland 4. Djimé Adoum, CILSS Executive Secretary and Cheikhe Hadjibou Soumaré, UEMOA Commission President; Ibrahima Dieme, UEMOA Commissoner (in the background); 5. Yaya Sow, ECOWAS Ambassador to the EU and the ACP Group; and Lapodini Marc Atouga, ECOWAS Commissioner; 6. Mamadou Cissokho, ROPPA Honorary President; and François-Xavier de Donnea; 7. Reception offered by the Government of Côte d’Ivoire, 2013 Sahel and West Africa Week; 8. François-Xavier de Donnea, Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General, and Andris Piebalgs, EU Commissioner for Development.

5.

6.

8.

7.

© OECD/Michael Dean

7.

2013 Annual Report

7

about SWaC

C

o-organised by ecOWaS, ueMOa, cilSS and the Sahel and West africa club Secretariat (SWac/Oecd), the Sahel and West africa Week is a yearly appointment of SWac Members, partners and various stakeholders of networks and partnerships. The 2013 edition of the Week was held under the auspices of his excellency alassane Ouattara, President of the republic of côte d’ivoire, with the invaluable support of the Government of côte d’ivoire.

The 350 participants made the Week a resounding success. Ministers, high-level representatives of regional organisations and development co-operation agencies, local officials, researchers, entrepreneurs, farmers, and civil society leaders; all contributed to the debates and informal exchanges.

8

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

Prominent speakers included he Mr daniel Kablan duncan, Prime Minister of côte d’ivoire; he Mr Pierre buyoya, high representative of the african union for Mali and the Sahel, and former President of burundi; and Ms Kristalina Georgieva, eu commissioner for international co-operation, humanitarian aid and crisis response.

The diversity, level and number of participants attest to the relevance and visibility of SWac among the region’s development and food security actors. The large number of side events and informal meetings among partners, show that the Week has become “the place to be” - a reference in the development agenda of the region.

www.oecd.org/site/sahelandwestafricaweek2013 Images are available on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/swac

UEMOA

29th Annual Meeting of the Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA), 25-27 November 2013 ( page 20)

RPCA: AGIR Senior Experts’ Meeting, 27 November 2013 ( page 24)

CILSS Technical and Financial Partners Committee Meeting, 27 November 2013

SWAC Forum: the future of the Sahara-Sahelian areas from a trans-regional perspective, 28 November 2013 ( page 14)

SWAC Strategy and Policy Group Meeting, 29 November 2013 ( page 28)

UEMOA Regional Fund for Agricultural Development, 27 November 2013

“

official programme

YOU MADE THE WEEK tHAnK You All!

”

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

9

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

2013-14 West African Futures (WAF) The future of the Sahara-Sahelian areas

T

he SWAC’s West African Futures programme provides analyses that aim at informing debates and decision-making processes on current and future challenges, and possible action.

In 2013-14, the SWAC Secretariat is conducting an analysis of the Sahara-Sahelian areas. The analysis highlights that mobility and fluidity have characterised the social and economic environment of the Sahara-Sahel over centuries. It also shows how actors, networks and challenges need to be considered from several geographic scales: from local, to crossborder and regional. It argues that these features, mobility and varying geographic scales should receive more attention in the short- and long- term security and development strategies for these areas shared by North, West and Central Africa.

Forty years ago, drought put the Sahel in the spotlight of international attention. Emergency aid flowed in, creating the need to better understand the region to prevent future crises. Today, the Sahara-Sahelian region has yet again regained global attention, due to the insecurity threatening the area. The Sahel is perceived as a threat to the region’s states and against international security. The crisis in Mali in 2012-13, and frequently recurring manifestations of terrorist activity in the region, epitomise these risks and challenges. Long-term and multi-dimensional development solutions must be sought, built on collaboration and dialogue between North, West and Central Africa.

www.oecd.org/swac/waf

10

2013 Annual Report

Key questions Which responses fit which geographic scales in terms of stability of SaharaSahelian areas? What is the role of borders?

What role do networks play in the development of mobility and how does mobility shape territories (structuring or destructuring)?

Are the political dialogue and action mechanisms of the “Sahel strategies” and “security and development” initiatives in the region adapted (temporally, geographically and operationally) to current challenges?

What is the political outlook for transSaharan co-operation? How should coherence of policies for sustainable peace be supported?

How can economic relations between Sahara-Sahelian countries be strengthened?

the FutuRe oF the SahaRa-Sahelian aReaS

The area studied encompasses Algeria, Chad, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger and Tunisia. It covers almost half of West Africa’s territory, 80% of the Maghreb and almost all of Mauritania. It shares a set of ancient civilisations united by a long tradition of trans-Saharan trade, and cultural and social exchange. The debates of the Forum ( page 14) highlighted that this area is increasingly connected to global networks of instability, requiring a broadening of the analyses to include countries of West, Central and North Africa.

Tunisia

Morocco Algeria

Libya

Mauritania 4bn

Mauritania Algeria 208bn

Mali

Morocco 96bn

Niger Lybia* 62bn

Chad 11bn

Sahel (USD 32 billion) Chad 11

totAl populAtion of SAHARA-SAHeliAn countRieS (2012)

Niger 7

Mauritania Mauritania Mauritania 4bnMali 4bn 4bn 10

North Africa (88 million inhabitants) Afrique du Nord (88 millions d’habitants)

Sahel million inhabitants) Sahel(48.5 (48 millions d’habitants) Niger

Morocco Algeria Morocco Morocco 208 96bn 96bn 96bn

Algérie Algeria 38,5 38.5

Chad

Mali 10bn

Tunisia 46bn

North Africa ( USD 412 billion)

Algeria Algeria Algeria 208bn 208bn 208bn

Niger 7bn

Maroc Morocco 32,5 32.5

Morocco Lybia* Lybia* Lybia* 96

62bn62bn

Libya* 62

Tunisia 62bn Tunisia Tunisia 46bn 46bn46bn

Tunisie Libya Libye Tunisia 11 11 66

Niger Niger 17 17

NigerNiger 7bn 7bn

7bn

Mali Mali Tunisia 4610bn10bn

Mali 10bn

ChadChad 11bn11bn

Chad 11bn

Mali Mali 15 15

==USD 5 Bn 1 million

inhabitants

Mauritania 4

Tchad Mauritania Mauritanie Chad 12,5 12.5 44

= 1 million

Gdp of tHe SAHARA-SAHeliAn countRieS (2012) North Africa (USD 412 Africa (billion) USD 412 billion) North Africa (North USD 412 billion)

Sahel (USD 32(USD billion) 32 billion) Sahel (USD(USD 32Sahel billion) Sahel 32 billion)

North Africa ( USD 412 billion)

Chad Chad Chad 11 11

ChadNiger Niger Niger 11 7 7

MaliMali Mali 10 10

Mali 10

11

7

10

Niger 7

==USD 5 Bn = USD Bn 5 Bn USD 5 = 5USD Algeria Algeria Algeria 208 208

208

Algeria 208

Morocco Libya* Libya* Morocco Morocco Libya* Tunisia Tunisia Morocco Libya Tunisia 96 96 96 62 62 46 6246

96

62

(2009)

46

Tunisia 46

Mauritania Mauritania Mauritania Mauritania 4 4 4

billion

Source: The World Bank 2013

4

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

11

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

The Atlas

B

ased on the analyses of a multidisciplinary team of researchers from Africa, Europe and North America, the SWAC Secretariat is currently producing an Atlas that will describe and analyse the key features of the Sahara-Sahelian areas. The Atlas includes a series of annotated maps and graphs, and analyses of various aspects of mobility (migration, nomadism, borders) and security (trafficking, networks) shared by North and West Africa. Published in the OECD West African Studies series, the Atlas will be launched during the Sahel and West Africa Week in December 2014, and in Paris in January 2015.

Denis Retaillé Professor of Geography, University of Bordeaux/CNRS

“

”

2013 Annual Report

The Sahara-Sahelian areas Geography, history, people and mobility; evolutions of insecurity and conflict of the past two decades.

Facts and figures, including a case study on oil and gas.

Mobility, networks and security Trans-Saharan trade and nomadism: evolutions of economic relations and social networks between North African and Sahelian countries; historical analysis of nomadism and its capacity to adapt to economic transformations.

Borders and free movement: sociological and historical analyses of states’ and peoples’ relationships towards borders; mobility as the foundation of co-operation in the Sahara-Sahel; evolution and role of bilateral agreements and joint commissions.

For many years, the Sahara has remained a blank spot on the map. As this blank spot has been filled with information, the Sahara appears to be empty. However, the Sahara is not empty; it is widely traversed, and rather than insisting on the small size of its population, we should look at the strength of the activity and dynamism that prevails there due to the constant crossings. The Sahara-Sahelian area is an open and animated space.

Security and development are best anchored in this vibrancy created by mobility rather than in partitioning and concentrating on a few mining/exploration sites that are directly connected to the outside world.

Mobility is a guarantee of integration.

12

Focus areas

Migrations: analysis of North and West African migration patterns and their role in building closer social and economic ties between the two sides of the Sahara.

Crises, insecurity and trafficking: analytical overview of past crises and their regional dimensions; focus on the impact of the Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war on regional stability and political dynamics; description and spatial analysis of trafficking, highlighting the networks’ functioning and the moving scales of security issues.

the FutuRe oF the SahaRa-Sahelian aReaS

MALI

LIBYA

Mali crisis in 2012

g g H o

ALGÉRIA

z r o u f t T a n e

a

r

Plateau

Atouila

Erg

du Djado Tessalit

Ti-n-Zaouatene

Adrar

des Iforas

Aguelhok

M AU R I T AN I A

Massif

Arlit

gh

Kidal

a

Anéfis

de l’Aïr

u

Source : Ministère français des Affaires étrangères (avril 2012) ; Retaillé, Walther, New ways of conceptualizing space and mobility, 2012.

Villes / Tamanrasset

Tombouctou Goundam

A

Bourem

Niger

Diré

Gao

Niafounké Léré

o

Agadez

Ménaka

E

rg

du

Té

né

ré

Ansongo Tahoua

Douentza Mopti

BURKINA

Ségou

Zinder

Niamey

Maradi

FASO Bamako

Koudougou

Birnin-Kebbi Ouagadougou

Town captured by the MNLA and Ansar Dine (between February 8 and April 3, 2012), Taken over

by Ansar Dine after by ousting MNLA (March and October 1, 2012) Town captured thetheMNLA and18Ansar Dine (between

8 February 3 April taken Localitéand attaquée par le 2012), MNLA depuis janvierover 2012 by Ansar Dine after ousting the Town attacked by the MNLA since January 2012 MNLA (18 March and 1 October 2012) Attentat ou enlèvement revendiqué par AQMI entre 2007 et 2012 Attack or kidnapping claimed by AQIM between 2007 and 2012

Town attacked by the MNLA since January 2012

N IG E R I A

Gusau

space and mobility, 2012.

Zone formellement déconseillée par le MAE (5 avril 2012) Areas advised against all travel by by French Foreign Affairs Ministry (April 2012)

Touareg

Zone déconseillée par le MAE sauf raison impérative (5 avril 2012) advised against allAffairs travel Areas advised against all Areas but essential travel by French Foreign Ministry (April 2012)

by French Foreign Affairs Ministry (April 2012)

États nigérians appliquant la Charia Nigerian States imposing Sharia Law

Areas advised against all but essential travel

by French Foreign Affairs Ministry (April 2012) Area controlled by Ansar Dine Azawad

L’AVENIR DES ESP

Town captured by the MNLA and Ansar Dine (between February 8 and April 3, 2012),

Une analyse pros cadre du program

THE FUTURE OF

A forward-lookin within the framew programme.

Espace de nomadisme Nomadic areas

Noyau sédentaire

Source : Sedentary Repris areas de OCDE (200

Surge by Ansar Dine

ofTouareg conceptualising Touareg

La charnière sahélienne The Sahelian intersection

Attack or kidnapping claimed by AQIM between 2007 and 2012

Gashua

Katsina

Kano

Sources: Ministry of Foreign 2012); Retaillé, LocalitéFrench prise par le MNLA et Ansar Dine (du Affairs 8 février (April au 3 avril 2012), puis par Walther, New ways Ansar Dine après en avoir chassé le MNLA (du 18 mars au 1er octobre 2012)

Nguru

Sokoto

Koutiala

MNLA progress

a

NIGER

Andéramboukane

MALI

z

Touareg 2013 AnnuAl RepoRt Touareg

13

Zone formellement dé

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

Forum on the future of the Sahara-Sahelian areas from a trans-regional perspective

Abidjan, 28 November 2013

B

ringing together a panel of stakeholders (African ministers, regional and international organisations, technical and financial partners, researchers, local political and economic actors), the Forum offered a platform for dialogue on the development potential of the Sahara-Sahelian areas and the impact of increased co-operation between North, West and Central Africa, in particular in the field of security.

The presentations and debates explored the political, economic, geographic and security-related characteristics of the Sahara-Sahel. Participants questioned “security and development” initiatives, their coherence and the geographic scale of intervention. They shared experiences and discussed innovative mechanisms and scales of interventions aimed at promoting the development and security of populations.

Addressing the challenges faced by the SaharaSahelian areas in all its dimensions will require cross-regional dialogue, without which no lasting solution can be found. The construction of this dialogue is, per se, a goal and a challenge.

Participants agreed that the work carried out by the SWAC Secretariat, combining evidence-based analysis and policy debate, provided an effective and inclusive context for these discussions.

14

2013 Annual Report

The Forum was co-chaired by HE Mr Pierre Buyoya, AU High-Representative for Mali and the Sahel; and François-Xavier de Donnea, SWAC President. The sessions were moderated by Santiago Martinez-Caro, General-Director of Casa África; Djimé Adoum, CILSS Executive Secretary; and Michel Reveyrand de Menthon, EU Special Representative for the Sahel.

North African representatives from Algeria, Libya and Morocco participated in the debates, alongside their West African counterparts.

Debates The debates highlighted the following: The security threats that weigh on the SaharaSahelian areas are transnational in nature, and they affect West, Central and North Africa and the international community.

• The dynamics of the current conflicts are complex and multidimensional. They can only be thwarted by strategies that articulate the short-, medium- and long-term, taking into account that security and development concerns are intrinsically linked, and adapting responses to these realities.

• The Sahara-Sahelian areas share common potentials which should foster a common development and support the development of the countries and regions to which they belong.

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

Pierre Buyoya AU HighRepresentative for Mali and the Sahel

The strategy of the African Union aims to address three major challenges: security, governance and development, including the humanitarian aspects. How to encourage co-operation in the field of security between the countries of the Sahel and the Sahara? This strategy is implemented through what we call the Nouakchott process. Firstly, we aim to create, together with the countries of the region, a co-operation mechanism at the strategic and operational levels in order to address the security problems. Secondly, what are the common governance issues of the region? For example, religious radicalisation, decentralisation, issues related to the marginalisation of minorities, the problem of youth employment, etc. We try to deepen the reflections on how to deal with these issues. The third pillar of our strategy is based on the economic development. We must recognize that security and development are two sides of the same coin. Insecurity in the Sahel is closely linked to poverty and we need to improve the resilience of populations.

Michel Reveyrand de Menthon EU Special Representative for the Sahel One of the major challenges today is how to create a regional approach to this Sahara-Sahel crisis. The international community must put in place a framework for managing these crises at the right scale. One approach is to try to help the states of the Sahel and Sahara to establish co-operation among themselves at the level of the crisis, particularly in the field of security. The other aspect concerns the co-ordination of members of the international community. [...] All these players must find their place, and co-ordinate their actions.

Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Security Studies - Dakar At present, there are almost a dozen strategies for the Sahel. The growing number of strategies is not a problem in itself. The problem is rather to ensure that there is overall coherence between these strategies and, ultimately, make sure that the interests of foreign partners not only respond to their own interests but also to the interests of the target countries both at the government level and at the level of local communities.

Abdourahamane Maouli Mayor of Arlit, Niger

Most of the situations that we are currently facing derive from one key problem: poverty, misery and lack of means to deal with the situation.

I think that the development of road infrastructure or telecommunications, would boost our economy and thus help develop our region. [...] We also need to build trust. Without trust, all efforts are doomed to failure. Decentralisation efforts must be deepened in order to strengthen direct contact with the populations and support our communities.

Salim Chena Associate Editor of the review “Dynamiques internationales”

Countries do co-operate, - even if they tend to co-operate at the bilateral level rather than all together. To move forward, it is possible to work together on very specific issues that directly affect the parties concerned without pinpointing or crystallising the differences that may exist and which are also legitimate between sovereign states.

”

2013 Annual Report

15

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

Regional symposium on pastoral livestock N’Djaména, 27-29 May 2013

T

he regional symposium illustrated that concrete action linking “security and development” can be implemented in the Sahara-Sahelian areas through pastoralism, simultaneously contributing to its revival. Bringing together livestock experts from North Africa and West Africa, political decisionmakers, representatives of pastoral farmers’ organisations, civil society and the private sector, as well as financial and technical partners, some 250 people participated in the debates. The regional symposium was co-organised by the Agence française de développement ( French Agency for Development - AFD), the SWAC Secretariat and the Government of Chad, with the support of the EU, IFAD, IUCN and Switzerland. A high-level roundtable, chaired by HE Mr Joseph Djimrangar Dadnadji, Prime Minister of Chad, drew lessons and conclusions from the symposium, resulting in the Declaration of N’Djaména.

Emphasising the need for regional co-operation, the Declaration sends an important message to policymakers responsible for strategies aimed at stabilising and developing the Sahara-Sahelian areas: pastoral farming is a solution against abandoned space and the related risk of instability. It is, at the same time, an answer to social, economic and environmental problems and must therefore be placed at the core of stabilisation strategies and policies.

As pastoral livestock and trade constitute one of the main legal and peaceful activities in the areas concerned, they form a crucial line of defence against insecurity across the region. Through their regular presence in uninhabited zones, transhumant

16

2013 Annual Report

Pastoral farming is a solution against abandoned space and the related risk of instability. It is, at the same time, an answer to social, economic and environmental problems and must therefore be placed at the core of stabilisation strategies and policies.

pastoralists limit the physical space available to terrorists and criminal networks and defend against the creation of ungovernable no man’s lands.

To further capitalise on this advantage, the Declaration calls on states and breeders to work together to strengthen the livelihoods and resilience of nomadic communities by placing pastoralism at the core of strategies for development and security.

The Declaration identifies four priority areas for action: 1) Improving governance; 2) Strengthening the resilience of pastoral communities; 3) Enhancing the economic sustainability of the pastoral livestock sector; and 4) Enhancing the social sustainability of communities in the Sahara-Sahelian areas.

Recommendations include involving pastoralists in governance and public life, increasing their access to natural resources and basic social services, and strengthening inter-state co-operation to facilitate cross-border mobility. Regional and international stakeholders committed to work toward leveraging pastoral livestock to enhance security and development in the Sahara-Sahelian areas.

www.oecd.org/swac/events/livestock-symposium.htm

The Future of the Sahara-Sahelian Areas

1. High-level participants; 2. François-Xavier de Donnea, SWAC President and HE Mr Joseph Djimrangar Dadnadji, Prime Minister of Chad; 3. François-Xavier de Donnea, Opening ceremony; 4. Philippe Thomas, DEVCO, European Commission; Philippe Chedanne, AFD Deputy Director for Sub-Saharan Africa; HE Mr Joseph Djimrangar Dadnadji; and François-Xavier de Donnea; 5. Philippe Chedanne; HE Mr Joseph Djimrangar Dadnadji and François-Xavier de Donnea.

3.

1.

2.

4.

5.

 The debates of the symposium served as substantive inputs for the Declaration of Nouakchott - Mobilising jointly an ambitious effort to ensure pastoralism without borders, approved on 29 October 2013 by six Sahelian countries and a multistakeholder alliance led by CILSS and the World Bank, in collaboration with the AU, ECOWAS, FAO and UEMOA. The Nouakchott process calls the Declaration of N’Djaména “a major reference that summarises the existing frameworks and defines the priorities for a policy of support for regional pastoralism closely linking development and security issues.” It also makes reference to the Global Alliance for Resilience – (AGIR page 24) which “places pastoralism among its top priorities.”

The summary record includes the Declaration of N’Djaména in French, English and Arabic as well as a compilation of key interventions and a summary of debates (French).

2013 Annual Report

17

Settlement, Market and Food Security

2011-12 West African Futures (WAF) Settlement, Market and Food Security Food security goes beyond agricultural policies. Regional organisations should develop integrated food security policies which better take into account and invest in other areas that impact food and nutritional SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA security: infrastructure, land use, demographic policies, trade, etc. Secretariat

Club

T

he results from the 2011-12 West African Futures programme study “Settlement, Market and Food Security” were widely shared and discussed in West Africa and international settings. These occasions served to introduce key findings at conferences and workshops, to share data and methodology with on-going foresight programmes on the future of food security in West Africa and to inform policy and development programme formulation.

More than 500 e-book copies have been downloaded from the OECD I-library. Some 1 000 copies were disseminated by the SWAC Secretariat to West African policymakers, development partners and other target audiences.

Africapolis - updated urbanisation data Having demonstrated the crucial importance of urbanisation and settlement data in the field of food security policy formulation, the SWAC Secretariat worked together with the Africapolis team on an up-date of the “West African urbanisation dynamics” study. This updated study, to be published in Mid-2014, integrates new census data from 13 countries. It identifies and geolocalises 2 965 agglomerations (versus 1 582 in 2008), of which 1 366 are located in Nigeria, providing the most extensive database on Nigerian urbanisation to date. www.oecd.org/swac/work/waf/africapolis

18

2013 Annual Report

© SWAC 2012

www.oecd.org/swac

The data produced by the programme is accessible online within the Statistical, Mapping and Regional Analysis Tool (SMART), launched in April 2013. This interactive tool allows users to map, graph and compare 40 different indicators for the 17 countries of the region and eight sub-regional groupings. SMART also offers the possibility to cross-analyse settlement data and agricultural performance, providing alternative ways of interpreting past trends and assessing future potential.

The population and settlement data cover the period from 1950 to 2050. The data and maps can easily be downloaded.

www.westafricagateway.org/smart

SettleMent, MaRKet anD FooD SeCuRity

Settlement, Market and Food Security Oecd West african Studies, april 2013 Settlement dynamics have been reshaping West africa’s social and economic geography. These spatial transformations – high urbanisation and economic concentration – favour the development of marketoriented agriculture. With the population of West africa set to double by 2050, agricultural production systems will undergo far-reaching transformations.

To support these transformations, policies need to be spatially targeted, improve availability of market information and broaden the field of food security to policy domains beyond agriculture. They need to rely on homogeneous and reliable data – not available at present – particularly for key variables such as nonagricultural and agricultural population, marketed production and regional trade.

www.oecd.org/swac/publications/waf.htm



Key fi ndings and analyses from the Waf programme fed into the formulation of the aGir regional roadmap (page 24), emphasising a comprehensive interpretation of market dynamics and the importance of urbanisation and settlement patterns in food and nutritional strategies;

discussions on integrating africapolis data in food security early warning and other spatial population measurement tools have already started, notably with uSaid/ feWS neT;

Waf analyses were extensively referenced in the australian aid’s food security programme for West africa.

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

19

ReGional GoveRnanCe oF FooD SeCuRity

the Food Crisis prevention network promoting concerted and consistent actions

The Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA) is an international consultation and co-ordination platform, drawing on the political leadership of the ECOWAS and UEMOA Commissions.

Its technical management is co-ordinated by CILSS, with the support of the Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat. Created in 1984, the work of the RPCA is based on consultation, dialogue, and analysis.

It reinforces the coherence and effectiveness of interventions through the implementation of the Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and Management. The Network brings together the three West African regional organisations (ECOWAS, UEMOA, CILSS), regional and international information systems, bi- and multilateral co-operation agencies, humanitarian organisations and international NGOs, as well as agricultural professional associations, the private sector and civil society.

The rPca contributes to strengthening the regional governance of food and nutrition security by promoting common tools such as the harmonised framework (Cadre harmonisé) and the charter for food crisis Prevention and Management. These tools notably help to create a common vision of the food and nutrition situation and communicate a coherent and consistent message to decision-makers. The network’s recommendations directly feed into the political decision-making bodies of ecOWaS and ueMOa. The rPca’s founding fathers intended to create a “light”, non-institutional and informal network to facilitate consensusbuilding among the various food security stakeholders active in the region. Thirty years later, the rPca is unanimously recognised as the region’s reference platform for dialogue on food and nutrition security under the political leadership of ecOWaS and ueMOa. Many members are represented at the decision-making level, and the number of participants is constantly growing.

www.food-security.net

20

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

behind the scenes, the SWac Secretariat remains a key player for facilitating informal dialogue and consensus-building among network members. Together with the cilSS executive Secretary, it organises the two rPca statutory meetings, and ensures the technical management of the network. based on the SWac Secretariat’s proposals, a new visual identity and logo were agreed among rPca members. The SWac Secretariat also produced an rPca promotion kit, which includes various brochures and communication tools (rPca presentation fl yer, charter, Set of instruments); some 2 000 copies were distributed in-country and to regional and international organisations. The rPca website, available in english and french, has been completely revamped, and its large document database is currently being integrated.

“

About tHe RpcA

RPCA

Guy evers Representative of the United Nations organisations, Deputy Director, FAO Investment Centre

recognising the importance that the un attaches to the PreGec cycle and the rPca in general, we recently revised our humanitarian programme cycle to await the full results and analysis of the harmonised framework. The next humanitarian appeal will therefore be launched in february 2014. in addition, we will also align the un integrated Strategy for the Sahel, in particular Goal 3 on resilience, with the aGir alliance.

”

ReGional GoveRnanCe oF FooD SeCuRity

Regional analysis of the harmonised Framework on the food and nutrition situation March–May 2014

Not analysed Generally food secure Moderate food insecurity Critical food insecurity Extreme food insecurity Famine © PREGEC, Bamako, 20-23 March 2014

29th RPCA Annual Meeting, 25-27 November 2013, Abidjan

Restricted RPCA Meeting, 8-9 April 2013, Paris

Network members confirmed a generally good 2013-14 agro-pastoral campaign, but with localised food and nutritional insecurity risks. The RPCA recommended developing structural measures and response plans in favour of food and nutrition insecure populations, including flood victims as well as refugees and displaced persons. The Network also stressed the urgency of rebuilding national food stocks, as well as the need to strengthen the governance of states in agricultural statistical systems to better guide and inform food and nutrition policies.

The 29th RPCA Annual Meeting was dedicated to the topic of “Indicators and methodological tools for measuring resilience”.

The restricted meeting at the OECD headquarters offered an additional opportunity to West African food security stakeholders to present their viewpoints and concerns to national and international decision-makers of OECD member countries. In particular, it hosted the second Senior Experts’ Group meeting of the Global Alliance for Resilience (AGIR) which led to the approval of the Regional Roadmap ( page 24).

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

21

ReGional GoveRnanCe oF FooD SeCuRity

external evaluation of the Charter tHe cHARteR foR food cRiSiS pReVention And MAnAGeMent The principles of the Charter constitute the backbone of the Network.

The new Charter, approved in November 2011 after an inclusive consultation process, covers the fifteen ECOWAS member countries as well as Chad and Mauritania. Placing regional solidarity and mutual responsibility at the centre of action, this code of good conduct addresses the root causes of food crises. It calls on signatories to strengthen information systems and dialogue platforms, and to ensure the coherence of interventions, thereby improving the effectiveness of collective action. The Charter is subject to internal and external assessments conducted within the framework of the Network. www.food-security.net/charter

in preparation of the fi rst external charter evaluation, rPca members validated a draft grid of monitor and assessment indicators. draft terms of reference for the fi rst external evaluation will be presented at the restricted rPca meeting on 14-16 april 2014.

Key fi ndings shall be discussed and validated at the 30 th rPca annual meeting in december 2014. network members also welcomed the relevance of the programme aimed at building civil society capacity for a citizen-monitoring of the charter’s implementation. finally, they urged the regional organisations and their partners to jointly review the modalities of its implementation. The SWac Secretariat co-ordinates the external evaluation process of the charter.

Regional Food Reserve tHe ReGionAl food ReSeRVe As the major tool of the ECOWAS Regional Food Security Strategy, the creation of the Regional Food Reserve is an exemplary symbol of regional solidarity. Building on community-level and national food reserves, the Regional Food Reserve constitutes a third line of crisis response. Adopted by ECOWAS in 2010, it is part of the Regional Agricultural Investment Programme (PRIA) designed within the framework of the ECOWAP/CAADP process. This regional strategy provides a framework of convergence for all initiatives in this area, including Networking of national food reserve agencies to improve co-operation and information-sharing (RESOGEST) as well as the strengthening of food stocks (UEMOA). Via the Regional Food Reserve, ECOWAS intends to achieve two objectives: a) limit price shocks and the magnitude of the resulting food crises via market regulation, and b) support the establishment of social safety net programmes, in line with the provisions of the Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and Management. The establishment of the Regional Food Reserve benefits from the political support of the international community through the G20. www.food-security.net/foodreserve

22

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

in order to support the implementation of the regional food Security Strategy, rPca members discussed the outcomes of the ecOWaS Specialised Ministerial Technical committee that was held on 27 September 2012 in abidjan, from which a feasibility study was adopted. an operations manual for the implementation of the regional food Security Strategy will be prepared based on the results of the study. ecOWaS is currently mobilising some uSd 24 million for the setting-up of an initial physical food stock of 4 000-6 000 tonnes, the establishment of a fi nancial reserve, and the recruitment of a technical management team. The eu and other partners are expected to provide additional funding. The regional food reserve shall be operational by the end of 2014. The SWac Secretariat participates in the Task force and also contributes its expertise to inform the design of this new tool through analytical and mapping studies.

ReGional GoveRnanCe oF FooD SeCuRity

1. Kristalina Georgieva, European Commissioner and Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister, Government of Côte d’Ivoire; 2. High-level Representatives; 3. Lapodini Marc Atouga, ECOWAS Commissioner for Agriculture, Environment and Water Resources; 4. Djimé Adoum, CILSS Executive Secretary; 5. Ibrahima Dieme, UEMOA Commissioner, Department of Food Security, Agriculture, Mining and Environment; 6. Technical & Financial Partners (TFPs); 7. Charles McClain, Deputy Minister of Agriculture in charge of Planning and Development, Liberia; Nango Dembele, Deputy Minister in charge of Livestock, Fisheries and Food Security, Mali; Dieh Sidi Heiba, Technical Advisor, Ministry of Rural Development, Mauritania; 8. Harouna Ibrahima, Director-General of Agriculture and Amadou Diallo Allahoury High-Commissioner of the 3Ns Initiative, Niger.

2.

5.

4.

3.

7.

6.



1.

High-level political buy-in: almost a dozen Sahelian and West african ministers attended the 29 th rPca annual meeting in abidjan, demonstrating the commitment of their respective governments; Consensus-building: the “harmonised framework” provides a joint analytical framework accepted by all stakeholders, aimed at improving the co-ordination of actions;

8.

Improved information-sharing between food security actors active in the region;

Increased impact on decision-making: rPca recommendations feed into ecOWaSueMOa decision-making bodies;

Visibility: the network is better known within the international development community; it serves as dialogue platform for aGir ( page 24).

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

23

ReGional GoveRnanCe oF FooD SeCuRity

AGIR

RPCA

Global alliance for Resilience - Sahel and West africa About AGiR Food security stakeholders have formed a consensus that humanitarian assistance must not be disassociated from efforts to combat the structural causes of poverty and endemic famine. The Alliance focuses greater attention on the most vulnerable populations with the goal of building their resilience and capacity to withstand crises and shocks, and ultimately eradicating hunger within the next 20 years. AGIR is a longterm political partnership to enhance the effectiveness of Sahelian and West African initiatives. Under the political and technical leadership of ECOWAS, UEMOA and CILSS, the Alliance builds on existing discussion forums and Networks, in particular within the framework of the RPCA. The Roadmap provides a Regional Guidance Framework setting forth the overall objectives of the Alliance.

It serves as the basis for formulating national resilience priorities, including operational frameworks for funding, implementation, monitoring and assessment. www.food-security.net/agir

24

S

ince 2012, the rPca hosts the Global a lliance for resilience (aGir – Sahel and West africa), which was launched on 6 december 2012 during the 28 th rPca annual meeting in Ouagadougou. One year on, aGir stakeholders are overall satisfied with the progress made in the implementation of the alliance: a regional roadmap and a series of methodological tools have been validated; country-based inclusive dialogues to identify national resilience priorities have been scheduled; and, an aGir Technical unit, based at the cilSS executive Secretariat in Ouagadougou, has been established. The Technical and financial Partners (TfPs) reiterated their commitment to ensuring better co-ordination among them and better alignment with national priorities. aGir stakeholders acknowledged the driving role played by the SWac Secretariat, providing a common space for dialogue, debate, lobbying and advocacy for the alliance.

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

SWaC’s facilitator role

The SWAC Secretariat facilitated and co-ordinated a participative and inclusive process leading to the adoption of the Regional Roadmap by all stakeholders on 9 April 2013 during the restricted RPCA meeting, just four months after the launch of the Alliance. The content draws on work conducted by a restricted Working Group (February-March), co-ordinated by the SWAC Secretariat.

The SWAC Secretariat strengthened regional capacity with regard to the implementation of AGIR within participating countries. It supported the creation of the AGIR Technical Unit that will facilitate the formulation of National Resilience Priorities (NRP-AGIR). In particular, the SWAC Secretariat elaborated terms of reference for the experts’ team, and participated in the recruitment process.

The SWAC Secretariat has contributed to the launch of countrylevel activities: it prepared a set of methodological tools in support of the national dialogue processes and facilitated the regional workshop to kick-off the national dialogue processes, held on 28-30 August in Cotonou. Thirteen out of 17 concerned countries participated in the meeting.

The SWAC Secretariat facilitated and co-ordinated the drafting of a joint AGIR presentation flyer reflecting viewpoints of all stakeholders; 6 000 copies were disseminated in the region and at the international level. It has also created a Web platform where all stakeholders can post documents and relevant information in one space.

ReGional GoveRnanCe oF FooD SeCuRity

lapodini Marc atouga ECOWAS Commissioner, Agriculture, Environment, Water Resources

“

in implementing the recommendations, we fully assume our responsibilities as leaders in regional strategies. The ueMOa and ecOWaS commissions as well as the cilSS executive Secretariat can only be satisfied whenever all stakeholders undertake to harmonise their approaches in order to facilitate the implementation of national and regional agricultural investment policies. They reflect both our vision and objectives to deeply and positively transform West african agriculture. [...] We are convinced that the synergy of actions driven by aGir will lead to even more powerful successes for the benefit of agricultural actors.

Khady Fall-tall Representative of the Civil Society, President of the West African Women Association Regional Office The role of civil society and women must be reconsidered in terms of actions within aGir; because the technical and financial partners work exclusively with states. We believe that civil society has become a major player which one can count on and which needs to become more involved in the discussions.

Kristalina Georgieva European Commissioner, Representative of TFPs

Since we launched aGir in Ouagadougou, we have come a very long way in just one short year. firstly, we now have a number of countries developing their national action plans: what they can specifically do to make communities more resilient to recurrent shocks of droughts and floods; secondly, we have mobilised significant fi nancial commitments from the eu: 1.5 billion euros that are going to underpin the measures that countries identify; and thirdly, we have very significant engagements not just from the agriculture sector where we started on the issue of food security, but also from the health and social affairs sectors, for example, from ministries but also from bottom-up community organisations. in fact, what is happening right now: the regional organisations provide the platform, the national governments provide detailed action plans and bottom-up community engagement allows this to become reality – with funding from governments, including from the eu.

Quotes extracted from statements at the AGIR Closing Ceremony, Abidjan, 27 November 2013

Franklin C. Moore USAID Deputy Assistant Administrator, Africa Office

We very much applaud the regional organisations and the leadership they have taken and we pledge to support their efforts. We applaud the space in aGir created at the stakeholder table here for civil society organisations and farmers.

We also applaud their response to the invitation. however, we believe that women make up a critical part of the humanitarian caseload, are a critical part of the solution and that gender is underrepresented in our conversations and strategies. We also believe it is important to take up the challenge of greater private sector involvement. They are a very important missing component at our table. […] The term resilience has become very popular. We have a small concern if resilience comes to mean everything, then it comes to mean nothing. So we are very interested in making sure that not everyone says that everything that they are doing is related to resilience. [...] i return to Washington with a renewed excitement about resilience and the certitude that resilience is alive and well here in West africa.

”

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

25

MonitoRinG ReGional tRenDS

the West africa Gateway Quick and easy access to information and knowledge about West africa

C

apitalising on existing work and information sources, the West africa Gateway is an online resource centre offering easy access to reliable information on the region and providing a large diversity of services.

The Gateway’s databases (data & statistics, contacts, documents, maps and personality profi les) are constantly growing. The rPca document database and all SWac documents are currently being integrated. interviews with regional personalities promote West african viewpoints on current development challenges. according to Google Analytics statistics, the Gateway recorded 26 722 visits in 2013. The cities of dakar (1 790), abidjan (1 729), Paris (1 697) and accra (1 573) recorded the largest number of visits. The number of visitors is steadily growing, amounting currently to about 1 000 visits per week. The average time of visits is about three and a half minutes.

www.westafricagateway.org

26

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

The SWac also strengthened its online presence with the launch of its corporate facebook page in august 2013. Videos are available on its YouTube channel, and images from flickr photo sets.

in 2014, a strong focus will be placed on developing media relations, tracking SWac presence in the news and developing online audiences in Member countries and West africa.

www.facebook.com/OECDSWAC www.flickr.com/photos/swac www.youtube.com/user/SWACoecd

MonitoRinG ReGional tRenDS

Weekly newsbriefs and RSS feeds West Africa Gateway

The newsbrief is a weekly synthesis of current events and policy developments from the region, aiming to keep SWac Members and the general public informed about evolutions that may be underreported in the general media. Special focus is given to news regarding the regional organisations (ecOWaS, ueMOa and cilSS), other SWac Members’ activities and regional food security initiatives. The publications section alerts readers to noteworthy studies, articles or interviews regarding the region.

in 2013, the newsbrief was produced by a team of West african journalists and policy analysts, allowing for a variety of stories and perspectives. it is available to readers free of charge in english and french, and in three formats: an online version published on the West africa Gateway, a printable Pdf version and an email version.

The email format has some 2 600 subscribers. nearly all of the countries within the Sahel and West africa region are represented among the newsbrief ‘s readers. Many prominent West african personalities follow the club’s synthesis every week.

Geographic coverage of newsbrief readers

➔ www.westafricagateway.org

weekly newsbrief

regional

NEWS SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA

fiche promotionportail_UK_FR_BAT2.indd 1

Club

DU SAHEL ET DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST

29-Mar-2013 4:46:05 PM



regular up-to date information on regional trends in West africa;

increased visibility and improved access to information on ecOWaS, ueMOa and cilSS activities;

increased visibility of the SWac beyond the sphere of its Members.

2013 AnnuAl RepoRt

27

Governance & Budget

Governance

T

he Strategy and Policy Group (SPG) brings together Club Members twice a year to define the Club’s work priorities and approve the programme of work and budget, as well as activity and financial reports. Members also ensure the Club’s smooth functioning through their financial contributions (minimum amount agreed upon by consensus) and designate the Club President. The position is currently held by François-Xavier de Donnea, Belgian Minister of State. T. Jean de Dieu Somda, former ECOWAS Commission Vice President, is the Special Representative of the President, responsible for promoting the Club on the international scene.

Under the management structure of the OECD Global Relations Secretariat, the OECD-based SWAC Secretariat is in charge of implementing the work programme. The Secretariat carries out analytical work, organises network and other meetings, and facilitates contact between stakeholders.

28

François-Xavier de Donnea, SWAC President

T. Jean de Dieu Somda, Special Representative of the President

The SWAC Secretariat team - from left to right, first line: Julia Wanjiru, Sylvie Letassey, Sibiri Jean Zoundi, Laurent Bossard, Marie Trémolières;

second line: Nadia Hamel, Alison McLatchie, Anna Pietikainen and Philipp Heinrigs.

2013 Annual Report

Governance & Budget

2013 Financial resources EUR Austria

200 000

Belgium

200 000

ECOWAS

200 000

France

200 000

Luxembourg

200 000

Netherlands (The)

200 000

Switzerland

200 000

UEMOA

200 000

USAID1

188 423

European Commission (EU)2

479 000

French Agency for Development (AFD)3

Total

1.

USAID contributes to the overall financing and implementation of the programme of work through a voluntary contribution;

2.

The European Commission's voluntary contribution (AGIR) covers a period of 16 months (March 2013 - June 2014);

3.

The French Agency for Development’s (AFD) voluntary contribution covers expenditures related to the organisation of the Regional Symposium on Pastoral Livestock ( page 16);

4.

Funds carried forward, open commitments carried forward, remaining funds carried forward from old voluntary contributions, income from publications, royalties and other income;

5.

This allocation covers the operational and corporate overhead costs supported by Part I for the operation of Part II programmes.

80 000 310 199

Other resources4

The budget revision was approved at the SPG meeting on 10 June 2013.

2 657 622

2013 Budget execution EUR Regional governance of food security

798 688

The future of the Sahara-Sahelian areas (WAF)

399 695

Policy dialogue and strategic outreach

479 964

Forums and symposiums

255 981

Network development

318 310

Subtotal

14% 35% 11%

21% 18%

2 252 637

OECD Overheads5 Total

157 100 2 409 737

2013 Annual Report

29

Useful links Austria: Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs www.entwicklung.at/en Belgium: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en CILSS: Executive Secretariat of the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel www.cilss.bf ECOWAS: Commission of the Economic Community of West African States www.ecowas.int France: Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.diplomatie.gouv.fr Luxembourg: Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://cooperation.mae.lu/fr Netherlands (The): ASSISES Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MINBUZA) 2010 www.minbuza.nl/en/home Aide-mémoire

Switzerland: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) www.sdc.admin.ch A une semaine de la tenue à New York de la réunion à haut niveau sur la réalisation des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), l’édition 2010 des Assises de la

UEMOA Commission: West African Economic and Monetary Union www.uemoa.int

Coopération luxembourgeoise ne peut pas faire l’impasse sur cet exercice de bilan UEMOA

intermédiaire, à deux tiers du chemin entre 2000, année d’adoption des OMD, et 2015,

rendez-vous pris pour leur mise en œuvre. Après tout, dans sa stratégie générale

United States: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) www.usaid.gov

d’intervention, la Coopération luxembourgeoise place très haut la priorité d’atteindre les

OMD. Par ailleurs, elle se donne les moyens financiers et définit ses priorités sectorielles de sorte à apporter sa part à la réalisation des OMD. En effet, le niveau élevé de l’aide publique au développement (APD) du Luxembourg n’a pas été revu à la baisse pour

European Union http://europa.eu/pol/dev

cause de crise économique globale, et les stratégies sectorielles de la Coopération luxembourgeoise visent à faire progresser le développement sur toute l’étendue du front des OMD.

AFD: Agence française de développement (French Agency for Development) www.afd.fr

Au tout début de cette première décennie du nouveau millénaire la communauté

internationale, réunie au plus haut niveau, avait adopté les OMD avec des cibles quantifiées et des indicateurs de mesure. Pour la première fois un agenda consensuel avait

pu être défini, avec une clause de rendez-vous sur le long terme, tenant compte du fait que le développement durable est un exercice d’endurance et de longue haleine. Dans la

Africa and the OECD, www.oecd.org/africa

foulée, un consensus avait mené à un autre : le Consensus de Monterrey de 2002 sur le financement du développement, mettant chacun et chacune devant ses responsabilités

OECD Development Centre, www.oecd.org/dev

financières et de gouvernance respectives. Bien sûr que les bailleurs de fonds restent tenus par leur engagement d’une APD de 0,7 pour cent de leur RNB ; mais les ressources

OECD Development Co-operation Directorate, www.oecd.org/dac

nationales, les fruits du commerce extérieur, les investissements étrangers directs et les

transferts des migrants doivent obligatoirement venir compléter la donne pour financer la

OECD Global Relations Directorate, www.oecd.org/globalrelations

mise en œuvre des OMD, mais aussi pour créer l’environnement responsable et propice

30

pour que la réalisation de ces OMD puisse se faire avec un espoir de durabilité.

2013 Annual Report 1/3

SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA

Club Secretariat Mailing Address SWAC/OECD 2, rue André Pascal F–75775 Paris, Cedex 16

www.oecd.org/swac

Tel +33 (0)1 45 24 89 87 Fax +33 (0)1 45 24 90 31 E-mail swac.contact@oecd.org