Cleanse: Chicago

CLEANSE Surambika Pradhan

How do we clean the inland water to produce all of aquaculture needs and possibly more?

Main aim:

Clean Water for Farming

Main output: Aquaculture for Chicago and Illinois

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The Concept

Design

- Goal - Phasing - Chicago River History - Water Calculations

- Remediation Phasing - Program Phasing - Plan - Section - View - Bridges

Visualization

The Evolved Maps - Possible Extension - New Waterways

The Distribution Network

Crop Information - Crop Selection - Crop Area Calculation - Farming Techniques - Fish Advisory

Phase I & II: Remediation and Protection - Precedent - Phase I: Chemical Remediation - Phase I: Biological Remediation - Phase II: Permeable Reactive Barrier

The Economy

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- Food Production Towers - Chicago River Analysis - Calumet Area Analysis - Available Area - Available Area Chicago River - Available Area Calumet Area - Chicago Waterways Characteristics

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Cleanse Index

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Goals

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CLEAN

the Superfund Sites along the Chicago Waterways.

future contamination.

FARM

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PREVENT

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Phasing

CHEMICAL REMEDIATION

BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION

Chemical Precipitation Ion Exchange Carbon Absorption Chemical Oxidation Surfactant Enhanced Recovery

Bioaugmentation Bioventing Biosparging Bioslurping Phytoremediation

POLLUTED

PROTECT

PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS

CLEAN

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REMEDIATE

FARM

LANDSCAPE

LANDSCAPE FARMING

LANDSCAPE FARMING RECREATION

FARMED

Scenario 5: Cleanse

The Concept: River History

1803

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1673 1780

1800

1803 1848

Louis Jolliet & Jacques Marquet discover Chicago Portage Jean Baptiste Point du Sable establishes the mouth of the Chicago River The river was crucial for developing Chicago as major lumber and meatpacking district The U.S. Army constructs Ft. Dearborn near the mouth of the Chicago River Illinois and Michigan Canal opens and

The Great Chicago Fire

much higher rate

1871

1910

1900

SS Eastland Disaster

North Shore Channel built

The Chicago River is completely reversed

World’s Columbian Exposition

1915

Calumet Sag Channel-Blue Island built

1893

1922

Channel of South Branch built Cleaning Campaign started

by Mayor Daley

1928 1990

The Chicago Flood

1992

Chicago River overly polluted giving rise to health problems

1893

1893

1871

1992

1915

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1673

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Calculations AQUACULTURE FOR CHICAGO POPULATION: Numbers to feed residents each year, excluding animals and relative fodder.

Calculation Population: 10,000 people -> 3.7 Hectares Chicago Population: 2,700,000 people -> 1004 Hectares

Surambika Pradhan

Chicago’s inland water area is 6,899.4 Hectares Chicago’s area is 60,610 Hectares Chicago River: 6099 Hectares Lake Calumet: 0.4 Hectares Calumet River: 800 Hectares

Chicago waters can satisfy the aquaculture need of 6.8 times the current population.

River (Contaminated) River Superfund Sites Industrial Corridor

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AQUACULTURE: Area required to feed 2.7 million = 1,004 Hectares Area of Calumet RIver = 800 Hectares Area of Lake Calumet = 0.4 Hectares Total Area = 800.4 Hectares

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Calumet Area Analysis

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AQUACULTURE: Area required to feed 2.7 million = 1,004 Hectares Area of Chicago River = 6099 Hectares

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Chicago River Analysis

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Inland Water Area: 6899.4 HA

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Food Towers

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If we grew all the food on the mentioned area, we would be able to feed 4% of Chicago population.

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Available Area Problems in using Chicago Inland Water to the fullest: - No space for Water Taxis - No space for River Tours - No way of disposal for Industry - No space for existing Recreation

RIVER

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Revised Area, taking in consideration - Space for Water Taxi, boats, kayaks, barges - Heavily Polluted Water - Water Taxi stops - Disposal Area - Areas withing the jurisdiction of City of Chicago Chicago River: Length: 1,76,000 m Area: 704 hectares Width: 40 m Calumet River: Length: 25,400 m Area: 101.6 hectares Width: 40 m

Total Area: 805.6 hectares

RIVER

CLEANING/FARMING

CLEANING/FARMING

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Available Area Chicago River

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River Area

Chicago River: Length: 2,51,000 m Area: 6099 hectares Width: 243 m

Available Area

Chicago River: Length: 1,76,000 m Area: 702 hectares Width: 40 m

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Available Area Lake Calumet-Calumet River

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River Area

Calumet River: Length: 35,400 m Area: 800 hectares Width: 226 m

Available Area

Calumet River: Length: 25,400 m Area: 101.6 hectares Width: 40 m

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A slope built leading into water, used for launching and landing boats and ships or for building and repairing them.

A harbor or haven, is a body of water where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormy weather, or else are stored for future use.

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Waterways Characteristics

It is easy to put barrier at in the Slip and use it for farming.

SLIPS

HARBORS

A turning basin or is a wider body of water, either located at the end of a ship canal or in a port to allow cargo ships to turn and reverse their direction of travel, or to enable long narrow barges in a canal to turn a sharp corner.

A stream bank or river bank is the terrain alongside the bed of a river, creek, or stream.

Stream banks are of vial geography.

Turning Basins provide for huge area for farms and are surrounded by infrastructure which can be utilized as well.

TURNING BASINS

River banks’ terrain can be manipulated to acsimultaneously.

BANKS

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Harbors in Chicago are used to store boats and yatchs for most of the year. These areas, however are way bigger than necessary and the extra space can be used for farming.

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was constructed over the North Branch near the present day Kinzie Street in 1832.

A second bridge, over the South Branch near Randolph Street, was added in 1833.

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Chicago Water Characteristics

across the main stem at Dearborn Street in 1834. Today, the Chicago River has 38 movable bridges spanning it, down from a peak of 52 bridges. These bridges are of

The Bridges can be built with provisions to farm, collect, observe and market the intact while building around them.

BRIDGES

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bascule, Scherzer rolling lift, swing bridges, and vertical lift bridges.

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Crop Selection

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- Grown in water - No necessity of land - Production and Processing is easy - Distribution network can be established easily

Shrimp

Tilapia

Why exclude everything

Seaweed

- Cannot be grown in water

AQUACULTURE FOR CHICAGO POPULATION: Numbers to feed residents each year: Calculation Population: 10,000 people -> 3.7 Ha

Tilapia: 17.9 Hectares 7,338.9 Cubic Metres

Chicago Population: 2,700,000 people -> 1004 Ha Salmon: 42.4 Hectares 4,738.4 Cubic Metres Shrimp: 927.9 Hectares Cubic Metres Seaweed: 15.8 Hectares Cubic Metres

Tilapia

Shrimp

Salmon Seaweed

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Salmon

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Farm Area Calculation

Chicago River

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North/South Branches of the Chicago River, North Shore Channel, Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal

AQUACULTURE

FISH ADVISORY

Species and Meal Frequency

Carp

Largemouth Bass

Sunfish

Less than 12" 6 meals/year -orLarger than 12" Do Not Eat Contaminant - PCBs

All Sizes 1 meal/month Contaminants - PCBs

All Sizes 1 meal/week Contaminant - PCBs

Illinois Fish Advisory | Calumet River

Calumet River System

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Cook County

Calumet River, Cal Sag Channel, Little Calumet River (from Cal Sag Channel to the Calumet River)

CHICAGO RIVER

Cook County Species and Meal Frequency Carp

All Sizes 1 meal/month Contaminant - PCBs

Less than 12" 1 meal/month - or Larger than 12" Do Not Eat Contaminant - PCBs

Sunfish

Yellow Bass

All Sizes 1 meal/week Illinois Fish Advisory | Lake Calumet Contaminant - PCBs

CALUMET RIVER

Lake Calumet Cook County

Less than 8" 1 meal/month -orLarger than 8" 6 meals/year Contaminant - PCBs

Species and Meal Frequency Carp

Largemouth Bass

All Sizes 1 meal/month Contaminant - PCBs

Less than 14" 1 meal/week - or Larger than 14" 1 meal/month Contaminants - PCBs

LAKE CALUMET

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Black Bass

EAST CALCUTTA WETLANDS

SIZE: 12500 Hectares QUALITY: Water Remediation, Hydroponics, Traditional

Surambika Pradhan

NAME: EAST CALCUTTA WETLANDS DATE OF OPERATION: 2010 LOCATION: Calcutta, India

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Precedent

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CHEMICAL REMEDIATION (for both Land and Water) .

Chemical Precipitation - Cleans out Heavy Chemicals

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Chemical Remediation

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Ion Exchange - Uses Zeolites to break down particles Carbon Absorption - Absorbs Organic contaminants

Surfactant Enhanced Recovery - Cleans the dense, non-aqueous contaminants

IN SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION - 2 Wells: 1 for injecting Oxidants, other for - The wells are essentially capillaries which are 2-4 cm - The wells are 0.6-1.2 m apart

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Chemical Oxidation - Uses Wells to inject oxidants to

BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION: Bioaugmentation - Increases enzymes concentration to increase contaminant degradation

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Biological Remediation

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Bioventing - Degrades the absorbed fuel residuals Biosparging - Degrades petroleum constituents below water table

Phytoremediation - Absorbs contaminants over time

PHYTOREMEDIATION - Can be left on the water surface to absorb contaminants over time - Common plants used are: Water Hyacinth, Chinese Ladder Fern, Cottonwood, Indian Mustard - Seaweed can also be used

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Bioslurping - Lifts the top layer of water table

PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS Chemical Barriers - Zerovalents Ions, Zeolites

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Barrier Protection

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Biological Barriers - Peat Moss Can also be used for disparging nutrients in to the water

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EXISTING

TOPOGRAPHY

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Remediation Phasing

WATERLINE INCREASE

CHEMICAL REMEDIATION

BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION

PHYSICAL BARRIER

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LANDSCAPE

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Program Phasing

FARMING

MARKET

RESEARCH

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FARMS

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Design: Plan

NATURAL FILTER

FOR

O B S E R V AT I O N DECK FOR PUPLIC

RESEARCH

PARK

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PATH WAY PUBLIC

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Design: Section

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BUILDING

RECREATION

FILTRATION

FARMING

RIVER

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View

RESEARCH

PUBLIC PATHWAY Surambika Pradhan

O B S E R V AT I O N DECK FOR PUPLIC

PARK

NATURAL FILTER

FARM

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MARKET RESEARCH

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Bridges

COLLECTION PROCESSING

O B S E R V AT I O N DECK FOR PUPLIC

NATURAL FILTER

FARMS

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ROAD FOR PUBLIC

IX Scenario 5: Cleanse

New Waterways To accomodate all of the required Aquaculture, new waterways can be created in the highlighted areas. These areas have: - Vacant Lots - Lack of Waterways - Polluted Areas/ Superfund Sites

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Creating new Lakes/Waterways are going to - Aquaculture - Cleaner Water - Increase Industry - Increase Employment - Increase Green spaces

River (Contaminated) River Superfund Sites Industrial Corridor Vacant Lot Possible Sites for Extension

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Evolved Map

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River Superfund Sites Food Deserts

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DECENTRALIZED LOWTECH

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Distribution Network

DIRECT ON-SPOT MARKETS (FARM TO CONSUMER) Surambika Pradhan

INDIRECT WATER TRANSPORT MARKETS (FARM TO OTHER MARKETS TO CONSUMER)

MARKETS

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$$$ $$ $$$ $

Operation Cost - Electricity - Fingerlings - Food for Fish - Heat - Property Tax - Sewer Tax - Insurance - Miscellaneous - Labor

$$ $ $ $$$ $$ $ $$$ $$ $$

New Slips Cost - Barricading - Digging - Water Pumping

$$$ $$ $$$

Savings - Transport - Import - Export

$$$ $$$ $$$

NAME

SALMON

TILAPIA

SHRIMP

SEAWEED

PRODUCTION COST

0.75/LB

0.74/LB

2.25/LB

0.25/LB

MARKET COST

6.50/LB

4.00/LB

7.00/LB

1.85/LB

ORGANIC MARKET COST

10.00/LB

6.50/LB

14.85/LB

4.35/LB

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Filtration Cost - Chemical Filtration - Biological Filtration - Barrier Installation - Maintenance

Scenario 5: Cleanse

Economy

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Advantages of Eating Fish

vs.

ECONOMY

BEEF

PORK

CHICKEN

AREA

17-42 HA

115.6 HA

34 HA

38 HA

GROWING CYCLE

52 weeks

52 - 104 weeks

25 weeks

9 weeks

TEMPERATURE

10°C - 35°C

-18°C - 30°C

15.5°C - 21°C

20°C - 34°C

MARKET COST

$4.00-7.00/lb

$9.99 /lb

$9.00 /lb

$4.99 /lb

PRODUCTION COST

$0.75 /lb

$0.70 /lb

$0.40 /lb

0.80 /lb

FAT CONTENT

6%

46%

16%

20%

CHOLESTEROL

16%

26%

19%

26%

PROTEIN

46%

28%

40%

50%

CALORIES

29/ lb

73/ lb

114/ lb

48/ lb

HEALTH

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FARMING

FISH

IX Scenario 5: Cleanse

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