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Second Annual American-Soviet Symposium on Maritime Environmental Protection, Port Development & Trade Seattle, Washington 9–13 September 1991

FAC T SH E ET Second Annual American-Soviet Symposium on Maritime Environmental Protection, Port Development and Trade Who? / The Guests: Thirty-five Soviet specialists representing ports, shipping companies, engineering firms, research institutes, universities, government ministries and cooperatives from throughout the Soviet Union. Who? / Official Sponsors: On the American side, Washington Public Ports Association (wppa), represents the economic and community interests of 65 Washington state ports. On the Soviet side, lenmorniiproekt, a Leningrad-based research organization with responsibility to oversee marine environmental protection and maritime transport policy issues. Who? / Official Organizers: On the American side, A&B World Trading provides Soviet-American trade development, marketing consulting services, and business seminar event planning in the US and USSR. On the Soviet side, Ecotechnology, a Leningrad-based consulting company specializing in issues involving maritime environmental protection. What? By special joint resolution, The Second Annual American-Soviet Symposium on Maritime Environmental Protection, Port Development and Trade will address issues of environmental protection, trade and maritime operations. (Itinerary enclosed—See Information Booklet) Where? The Symposium will be held on the campus of the University of Washington, Seattle. When? The Symposium begins on Monday, September 9, and concludes on Friday, September 13, 1991. Why? To develop mutually-beneficial joint research and trade opportunities and further cooperative scientific, technical, and economic relations between the US and USSR through the exchange of project information, practical knowledge and problem-solving techniques. How Much? The budget to administrate the Symposium and host 35 Soviets for six nights and seven days is projected at $150,000. Revenue activities, outside of fund raising efforts, are expected to generate $70,000.

I N T RODUC T ION In May, 1990, a joint American-Soviet Symposium on Maritime Environmental Protection and Port Development was held in Leningrad, USSR. The American sponsor was the Washington Public Ports Association; the Soviet sponsors were the scientific organization lenmorniiproekt and the US-USSR Trade and Economic Council (astec). A & B World Trading Company acted as organizer on the American side. Thirty-five Americans from Washington state participated in the conference, including representatives from the ports of Everett, Grays Harbor, Kingston, Seattle, Tacoma and Vancouver. Over two hundred Soviets attended, traveling from throughout the country and representing various ports, shipping companies, engineering firms, research institutes, universities, government ministries, cooperatives, and other Soviet organizations. A protocol was signed at the conclusion of the Leningrad Port Symposium calling for the American participants to organize a similar convocation in the United States in 1991. The accompanying materials document efforts now underway to fulfill that commitment. Several meetings have already been held to discuss a new Symposium. The University of Washington has been chosen as the venue and the dates of 8–14 September 1991 preliminarily reserved. The Washington Public Ports Association and the UW’s School of Marine Affairs have both expressed their desire to sponsor it. The proposals which follow summarize current recommendations made by a mixture of last year’s attendees and persons interested in participating this year for the first time. Clearly, much work remains to be done before all of the details for a new Symposium are confirmed. The information presented here is therefore intended to serve as a basis for discussions that will lead to a final plan, agenda, and budget. Changes in the details presented here are inevitable. Indeed, suggestions are encouraged. The stated goal of the wppa is to mount a 1991 symposium that will be high in the quality of its discussions and fruitful in the business relationships it will generate.

T H E ST RUC T U R E OF SOV I ET ORGA N I Z AT IONS Many people have asked for an explanation of how the Soviet system is organized and how it works. Because that system is so different from ours, this is not a simple task. The rapid changes now taking place in the USSR make it even more difficult. What follows is therefore a greatly simplified scheme. It covers the organization of the federal and republic governments and of the regional and local administrative units. It also outlines the structure of the Soviet maritime industry. This presentation includes observations based on a recent trip to Moscow and Leningrad and on attendance at the 1991 annual meeting of the US-USSR Trade and Economic Council (astec). Hopefully this information will help you to better understand the Soviet system and properly identify the Soviet organizations that will be represented at the Symposium. I. Federal (“All-Union”) Government “USSR” has long stood for the “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”. A recent agreement signed by Soviet president Gorbachev and leaders from nine Soviet republics proposes to change it to the “Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics”. According to its constitution, the USSR (Soviet Union) is made up of fifteen independent republics who by mutual consent have formed a federal union. Thus, the national government headquartered at the Kremlin in Moscow and variously referred to as the “federal”, “All-Union”, or “Soviet” government is approximately the equivalent of our federal government in Washington, dc. The fifteen constituent republics are often likened to our fifty states, although the similarities are far from exact. Mikhail Gorbachev is President of the Soviet Union, a position which has been weakened by recent events. He was elected to that post last year by vote of the Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR—a legislature with powers analogous to those of our Congress. A smaller, more elite group within the Congress is the Supreme Soviet. Several years from now the position of president is scheduled to be decided by popular election. Gorbachev oversees the executive and legislative branches of the Soviet government. He also must work with the administrative branch to assure that legislation is implemented. Gorbachev has been authorized to rule by presidential decree without legislative review in times of emergency, a tool he has used to promote his agenda. Until the events of the past week, Soviet Prime Minister Pavlov headed the administrative branch of the federal government. The various federal ministries report to that office, including Morflot—the USSR Ministry of Merchant Marine. The Prime Minister and the Soviet ministries do not make laws, they carry them out,

although, as with federal departments in the United States, they establish many policies within the guidelines of Soviet law and are responsible for countless administrative decisions. Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Ivan Silaev has just been named to head a committee on economic reform to replace Pavlov. Silaev is a notable free-market liberal. II. Republic Governments The Soviet Union is (was?) made up of fifteen republics. The best known of these is the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR)—the Russian Federation for short. The other fourteen republics are Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Moldavia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. The entire Soviet Far East is part of the Russian Federation. This spring what is called the “Nine Plus One” agreement was signed by Gorbachev and leaders of nine republics, including President Boris Yeltsin of the Russian Federation. That document called for a new All-Union Treaty, decentralization of power and economic reform. In late May Gorbachev sent two special envoys—Vladimir Shcherbakov and Evgeniy Primakov—to Washington to brief President Bush and his advisors on the progress of reform in the Soviet Union. The two Soviets pressed hard—and effectively—for economic aid and an invitation to the G-7 meetings in London and disclosed the details of a crisis-rescue package. The United States pressed for what it considered a total commitment to a free market economy—whatever that is. The Soviets insisted that they were moving in that direction and that the changes underway were inevitable and irreversible. For three days in August it looked like all hope for reform was gone. Now it appears that the pace of reform will instead accelerate to a speed beyond anyone’s fondest hope. These changes will affect all aspects of American-Soviet relations, including business and trade. Already trade credits and Most Favored Nation status have been promised to the Soviets. Under the Nine-Plus-One agreement, certain powers were to have remained in the hands of the Soviet government, among them control of the currency, communications, railroads, the armed forces, the customs system and foreign affairs. Many of the remaining powers were to have devolved to the individual republics. Now it appears that the republics will quickly attain far greater—if not total—freedom from the central federal government, which makes understanding their structure and decision-making processes more important than ever before. Of great relevance is the example of the Russian Federation. Boris Yeltsin, formerly president of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation by vote of that body, Yeltsin has now been elected president of the RSFSR by a republic-wide

popular vote. He has used that victory to strengthen his mandate to lead the way toward reform. RSFSR Prime Minister Ivan Silayev oversees a system of ministries within Russia akin to Pavlov’s federal ministries. Now the preponderance of decision-making power appears to be shifting to the republics. Leaders within the Russian Federation have long said that they will in turn delegate business decisions as much as possible to the local level. At the recent astec meeting, US Secretary of Commerce Robert Mosbacher, Deputy Secretary for Europe Franklin Vargo, former Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin, RSFSR Minister for Foreign Trade Viktor Yaroshenko and special envoys Shcherbakov and Primakov all spoke about these changes and indicated that they were indeed taking place. Yaroshenko announced that as of 1 July 1991 the Russian Federation, with federal approval, will adopt a policy directing the republic to take over licensing for all export/import activities within its territory. He indicated that Americans should henceforth deal directly with local business entities and authorities and that those people will then go the RSFSR ministries to obtain the appropriate licenses. He also stated that All-Union organizations operating on Russian territory would have to coordinate their activities with Russian ministries. “We used to have thirty foreign trade organizations,” he joked. “Now we have thirty thousand!” Now that the reform elements have seized the initiative under Yeltsin’s leadership, the transformation in how decisions are made and implemented in the fifteen republics will be revolutionary. It places paramount importance on the role of local governments and organizations in business decisions. III. Regional and Local Governments The Soviet republics are broken down into a maze of lesser jurisdictions. The federal government’s regional organizations parallel these jurisdictions. The pattern varies from republic to republic. Not surprisingly, the sprawling Russian Federation has the most complex make-up. In descending order of importance (more or less!), the political divisions within the Soviet Union are: 1.

All-Union/Federal/Soviet Government (Gorbachev)

Fifteen Soviet Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belorussia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan)

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics [a subdivision found in some republics] (for example, the Karelian ASSR, a part of the Russian Federation bordering Finland)

Krais [“Territories”] (such as Primorskiy Krai, whose capital is Vladivostok)

Oblasts [“Regions”] (such as the Sakhalin and Kamchatka Oblasts in the Soviet Far East and the Leningrad Oblast)

Autonomous Oblasts [“Districts”] (there is a Jewish Autonomous Oblast within the borders of the Khabarovsk Krai in the Soviet Far East)

Rajons [“Regions”] (smaller administrative areas somewhat comparable to counties in the United States)

Gorods [“Cities”] (Moscow, Leningrad, Vladivostok, etc.) Cities are also broken down into administrative districts. The Port of Leningrad, for instance, is located within the Kirovskiy District of the City of Leningrad.

Today in the Soviet Union each administrative unit is attempting to establish its respective powers. Various republics and autonomous republics have declared their independence. In one extreme case, the district in Moscow in which the Russian Federation has its headquarters has declared its sovereignty over its air space! The elective bodies governing the various levels of government in the Soviet Union are called “Soviets”. There is the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, the People’s Soviet of the Leningrad Oblast (the Lenoblsoviet), the People’s Soviet of the City of Leningrad (the Lengorsoviet or Lensoviet), the People’s Soviet of the Kirovskiy District of the City of Leningrad, and so on. The elected head of each Soviet is considered the President, Governor, Mayor, or whatever of that particular political unit. The distinctions are not always clear to an American mind, however. Alexander Shchelkanov, who will participate in this year’s Symposium, until recently was “Chairman of Leningrad City Soviet of Peoples Deputies” and the administrative head—i.e. mayor—of Leningrad. Anatoly Sobchak, referred to by most people

as Leningrad’s mayor, was until elections in June more properly the equivalent of the president of the Leningrad City Council. In June Shchelkanov’s and Sobchak’s offices were combined into one position and Shchelkanov chose not to oppose Sobchak, keeping instead his other elected position as People’s Deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Leningrad. IV. Organization of Soviet Shipping Companies, Ports & Environmental Agencies Although there are the inevitable exceptions, the Soviet port/shipping/environmental ministries and industries are divided along All-Union/republic lines, with an increasing number of independent organizations joining them. The following snapshot is going to change still more in the upcoming months. A.

Morflot (Ministry of Merchant Marine) The USSR Ministry of Merchant Marine, better known as Morflot, has for decades wielded centralized and vast control over the maritime industries of the Soviet Union, including shipping companies and ports, related design and construction, ship chartering and registration. It also has controlled organizations responsible for monitoring and protecting the marine environment, such as lenmorniiproekt, the Soviet co-sponsor of the Symposium. In the midst of economic reform and decentralization, Morflot’s powers and mandate are quickly changing. Increasingly individual shipping lines are making their own decisions without having to consult with Moscow. In the case of Baltic Shipping Company, headquartered in Leningrad, it has an agreement to take itself private from Morflot and has been operating semi-independently of that ministry since January 1 of this year. As part of their new freedom, organizations such as Baltic Shipping and FESCO now must also accept financial responsibility for their operations, including making a profit and raising the capital necessary to expand. Morflot has many different divisions. The primary ones are: 1.

FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT—Responsible for such things as negotiating the US-USSR Maritime Agreement

glavflot [“Central Fleet”]—Traditionally responsible for scheduling

liner service for Soviet shipping companies, it is now losing much of its power to Baltic Shipping, blasco, fesco, etc. 3.

SOVFRACHT [“Soviet Freight”]—This organization acts as ship brokers and general agents. In America, its representatives work out of Amtorg Trading Corporation’s offices in New York.

SOVCOMFLOT [“Soviet Commercial Fleet”]—Technically, this organization is owner and sales and purchase broker of ships, containers, and equipment. Morflot presently has ten container ships ordered from German shipbuilders. Sovcomflot retains title to the ships, but has leased the first few to Senator Lines after negotiations with SeaLand fell through. It has not yet been decided which Soviet shipping company will get these vessels. When they do, they will have to find a way to pay Sovcomflot and the Germans for them.

SOVBUNKER—It is responsible worldwide for ship’s bunkering, port consignment stock operations, and ship repair for Soviet merchant vessels.

DEPARTMENT FOR PROJECTS AND CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION— It manages all construction projects in Soviet ports nationwide. lenmorniiproekt falls under its jurisdiction.

SHIPPING COMPANIES—There are seventeen shipping companies under Morflot, some of them now in the process of becoming independent: 1) Murmansk Shipping Company; 2) Northern Shipping Company; 3) Baltic Shipping Company; 4) Latvian Shipping Company; 5) Estonian Shipping Company; 6) Lithuanian Shipping Company; 7) Soviet Danube shipping Company; 8) Black Sea Shipping Company (“blasco”); 9) Novorossisysk Shipping Company; 10) Georgian Shipping Company; 11) Azov Shipping Company; 12) Caspian Shipping Company; 13) Middle-East Shipping Company; 14) Far Eastern Shipping Company (“fesco”); 15) Primorsk Shipping Company; 16) Sakhalin Shipping Company; and 17) Kamchatka Shipping Company. [There are other shipping companies in the Soviet Union operating under control of other ministries and organizations]

PORTS—Morflot owns and/or controls many but not all of the port facilities in the Soviet Union. The Ministry of Forests (minlesprom)

and its export division (exportles) operate their own timber handling port facilities, such as those in Leningrad. Baltic Shipping Company, under its agreement with Morflot, leases port space in Leningrad and “owns” the Baltic ports of Vibourg and Kaliningrad. It is also working on a plan to build a new, independent port on the Gulf of Finland one hundred kilometers south west of Leningrad. That new port would compete directly with the present Port of Leningrad, a fact which understandably concerns the latter. 9.

SCIENTIFIC/DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS—lenmorniiproekt in the Baltic region, chernmorniiproekt in the Black Sea region, and daljmorniiproekt in the Far East, are responsible for scientific research, engineering, and construction of port facilities as well as monitoring and protecting the marine environment. All are under Morflot’s control.

Ministry of Transportation of the Russian Federation The Russian Federation’s Ministry of Transportation is responsible for overseeing the operations of shipping companies and ports operating on republic territory. Under the new plan for decentralization, it is taking a much more prominent role in decision-making. In Moscow in May of this year the Vice Minister for Transportation said that henceforth Morflot and its divisions would have to submit to his ministry for review all decisions affecting the RSFSR. In light of recent events in the Soviet Union, the influence of the RSFSR will grow even greater. Different divisions within that Transportation Ministry deal with ports, river fleets, ocean fleets and capital construction. Details of how each division will exert its newly expanded powers are not yet finalized. Under whatever new system develops, local entities will be granted far more autonomy by RSFSR officials than anything Morflot formerly allowed. Russian Federation leaders seem to want to give their Republic a chance to breathe freely without having to choke under tight-fisted, centralized control.

Environmental Agencies Organizations responsible for environmental protection have traditionally lacked strong enforcement power. They have often had strict regulations, but when violations occurred they could impose only nominal penalties designed to cover “administrative costs”, not to penalize the polluter. Today, faced

with monumental environmental disasters on all sides, governments there are taking ever-stronger actions, although the process is far from complete. One trend is clear: it seems that you cannot do anything new or different in the Soviet Union without revealing first what the health and environmental consequences will be. In some locales, no new development will be allowed if it does not meet strict environmental standards. In other areas, things go on much like before. The more independent-minded a region, the more it is acting on its own environmental concerns. In the Baltic republics the environmental movement is growing strong. They are especially targeting the chemical and petroleum industries which have decimated their marine environment. Some of the governmental divisions responsible for environmental protection are: goskompriroa [“State Committee on Environment”]—Somewhat like our EPA, it is subdivided along geographic lines. USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE—This huge organization has within it various departments whose expertise and responsibilities touch on environmental issues. REPUBLIC ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE—Individual republics have their own Academies of Science where different environment-related research and functions are carried out. NOTE: In the Soviet system one organization that would seem to be focused in one area often has a much broader range of responsibilities and activities. It might on the surface seem to an American to be a manufacturer of one product, but in fact it processes raw materials, produces finished products, clothes, feeds, houses and cares for its workers and possibly operates its own farms. In government, this phenomenon is also found. Elected Soviets (referring here to councils, not individuals) at every level—republic, oblast, city, etc.— address environmental issues and take their own actions. As a result, there is no simple way to portray the system in place there. Certainly much more will become known by Americans during the course of this year’s Symposium.

I N FOR M ATION BOOK LET Second Annual American-Soviet Symposium on Marine Environmental Protection, Port Development & Trade University of Washington Seattle, Washington 8–14 September 1991

Sponsors: Washington Public Ports Association, Olympia, Washington USA lenmorniiproekt / Leningrad, USSR (member, US-USSR Trade and Economic Council)

Organizers: A & B World Trading Company. Inc. / Seattle, Washington USA (member, US-USSR Trade and Economic Council) Ecotechnology / Leningrad, USSR

TA BL E OF CON T E N TS SECTION I – Introduction ................................................................................. Pages 1–2 A. B. C.

The Environment, Ports, and Trade: Symbiosis or Conf lict? Background of First Symposium Second Symposium Planned

SECTION II – 1990 General Resolution .............................................................. Pages 3–4 General Resolution of the First U.S.–U.S.S.R. Symposium on Environmental Protection of Maritime Transport, Port Development, and Operations SECTION III – Symposium Overview ............................................................ Pages 5–8 A. B. C. D. E. F.

Official Sponsors/Organizers Participants Issues and Activities Objectives Location Dates

SECTION IV – Proposed Schedule ....................................................................Pages 9–10 SECTION V – Program Description ................................................................. Pages 11–12 SECTION VI – Proposed Topics ........................................................................Pages 13–15 A. B. C.

Maritime Environmental Protection Port Development Trade

SECTION VII – Committees ....................................................................................Page 16 SECTION VIII – Letter of Invitaion from wppa to lenmorniiproekt........Page 17–18 SECTION IX – 1990 Symposium Program ....................................................... Pages 19–24 SECTION X – 1990 Soviet Attendees................................................................ Pages 25–30

I. I N T RODUC T ION A. The Environment, Ports and Trade: Symbiosis or Conflict? Worldwide, ports have mandates both to increase trade and to protect their surrounding environment. As commendable as these goals are, the reality of trying to implement them simultaneously is fraught with challenges. Environmental remediation and the prevention of new damage require planning, equipment, know-how, and access to the best technologies. They also cost money. Increasing the volume and profitability of trade passing through a port is one way to generate funds to help pay for all of this. But while growth in business might seem a boon to a port and the people it serves, it can also prove a bane if it brings in its wake environmental side effects beyond the port’s ability to monitor, control, and afford. Water quality and marine transport, fish habitats and dredging, wetlands protection and port development are all components of a complex equation whose solution is difficult and ever-changing. The question of how best to balance these contrasting and often conflicting considerations is one which every port must answer. Private sector firms associated with ports and government agencies responsible for overseeing activities in these areas must also decide: Is it a dilemma begetting only conflict or a challenge that can be resolved with benefits for all? At a pioneering American-Soviet symposium in Leningrad in 1990 these issues were addressed. B. Background of First Symposium Impetus for the conference came from the bi-national US-USSR Trade and Economic Council (astec). In late 1989 the scientific organization lenmorniiproekt—a Soviet member of astec—approached A & B World Trading Company—an American member—and proposed that together they organize a conference to address the issue of marine environmental protection. The Washington Public Ports Association soon joined the effort as official American sponsor and in May, 1990, thirty five Americans from Washington State traveled to the banks of the Neva River. In that group were managers, commissioners, and specialists from six Pacific Northwest ports as well as people from the EPA, environmental companies, law firms, and other interested parties. The Americans were joined by over two hundred Soviets representing ports, shipping companies, engineering firms, research institutes, government ministries, and cooperatives from throughout the Soviet Union. At the conference specialists presented forty-one papers on subjects ranging from port design, a port’s role in economic development, and dredging, to methods for US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 1

disposal of contaminated materials, clean-up equipment, and the restoration of marine habitats. After four days of deliberations, a general resolution was adopted calling for an ongoing joint effort to develop “mutually beneficial scientific, technical, trade and economic relations between the USSR and the USA.” C. Second Symposium Planned The document signed in Leningrad also suggested that the American participants organize a similar meeting in the United States in 1991. This booklet describes the program designed to fulfill that commitment. The campus of the University of Washington in Seattle will be the setting for the Second Annual American-Soviet Symposium on Marine Environmental Protection, Port Development, and Trade to be held from 8 to 14 September. Once again, the Washington Public Ports Association will serve as official American sponsor and A & B World Trading Company as organizer. Preparations for this year’s Symposium began in February and already a significant group of organizations have endorsed the conference. The Seattle gathering will continue the dialogue begun last year in Leningrad and provide a forum for exchanging ideas and information useful to ports and port-related private industry. In the environmental sphere, emphasis will be placed on marine environmental protection, remediation, and management. Regarding the relationship of ports to their surroundings, attention will be given to the newest developments in facility planning, design, and operation. A third component of the Symposium will focus on how to build shipping and trade between the United States and the Soviet Union. Ports, environmental companies, and professional service firms are just three categories of organizations among a large number whose people can benefit from participating in this year’s Symposium and contribute to its success. A concentrated effort is being made to target and recruit the best possible American and Soviet participants. We invite you to study this booklet and consider joining us in Seattle.

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 2

I I. 199 0 L E N I NGR A D S Y M P O SI U M GE N ER A L R E SOLU T ION General Resolution of the First US–USSR Symposium on Environmental Protection of Maritime Transport, Port Development & Operations Leningrad, USSR 15–19 May 1990 WE, the Participants and the Organizers of the Symposium which was held in the framework of astec under the scientific and technical guidance of the lenmorniiproekt in conjunction with the Washington Public Ports Association, discussed the reports made by experts from our countries on the problems of environmental protection for maritime operations. We are guided by the desire for developing mutually beneficial scientific, technical, trade and economic relations between the USSR and the USA. We state with great satisfaction that Soviet-American relations continue to mature and that this Symposium represents another step toward a successful partnership. The Symposium demonstrated the opening of initial cooperation between American and Soviet organizations in the fields of environmental protection of maritime operations. Both parties have an interest in mutually exchanging information, projects, and practical knowledge and in developing joint research and trade opportunities. We feel the need to develop a common position concerning creation of effective and reasonable international standards for dispersal of dredged material proposed through the London Dumping Convention, 1972. As maritime powers, our countries have great scientific expertise in this field that can promote the improvement of the world environmental situation. The Symposium provided a considerable contribution to environmental protection of maritime operations by introducing new ways of cooperating and the means for considering new and improved work methods. It promoted business contacts between American public ports and private companies and Soviet organizations that initiated the cooperation in the fields of water transport. It is desirable to distribute the information from this Symposium both in the USA and the USSR. The world environmental situation demands new methods for cooperating between our countries on these important issues including informal contacts and information exchange between scientists and field experts which will lead to better decision-making. We believe that the creation of an astec Committee for Environmental Protection of Water Operations would be the first practical step in this direction. We suggest US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 3

that the two Centres for this activity be placed in Leningrad and in the Puget Sound region of the USA, and we believe that the Organizing Committee of the present Symposium can be charged with forming this new Environmental Committee, one of whose first objectives should be making such Symposia an annual event for experts not only from the USSR and the USA, but from other countries as well. The Symposium participants appeal to the coming Annual Meeting of the astec to adopt this proposal. [This resolution was adopted at the final meeting of the Symposium on 17 May 1990]

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 4

I I I. S Y M P O SI U M OV ERV I E W A.

Official Sponsors / Organizers The Washington Public Ports Association, representing the interests of sixty five port districts from the State of Washington, is the official American sponsor of the Symposium. In the words of Washington Governor Booth Gardner, “Our ports have been and remain critically important to the state’s role in the international economy.” Recognition of this fact led the wppa and member ports Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, Grays Harbor, Kingston, and Vancouver to send representatives to the Leningrad Symposium in 1990. The desire to expand on that conference’s achievements inspires the Association to stage an American sequel this year. The Leningrad-based scientific organization lenmorniiproekt served as the wppa’s Soviet counterpart last year and will again this year. lenmorniiproekt oversees marine environmental protection, maritime transportation, and port activities in the northwestern Soviet Union. As a policy-making body, lenmorniiproekt conducts scientific research, formulates and enforces regulations, and designs and constructs ports, while working closely with Morflot, Baltic Steamship Company and other major Soviet shipping organizations. At present, for example, lenmorniiproekt is planning a major new port complex to be built approximately sixty miles southwest of Leningrad. It will also be responsible for the construction phase of the project. lenmorniiproekt is a member of the US-USSR Trade and Economic Council (astec). For a second year, A & B World Trading Company will be the Symposium’s American organizer. A & B specializes in American-Soviet trade, representing, advising, and facilitating trade for US and Soviet companies and maintains a permanent office in Moscow. Among A & B’s clientele are firms in the plastics, chemical, food, consumer goods, construction, hba, insurance, finance, sports, and transportation industries. A & B is a member of astec. A & B’s counterpart on the Soviet side, in organizing this event is the environmental consulting firm Ecotechnology from Leningrad. The US-USSR Trade and Economic Council is a non-profit American corporation with bi-national membership formed as a result of a joint resolution signed by Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev in 1973. David Rockefeller of Chase Manhattan Bank and Donald Kendall of Pepsico spearheaded its US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 5

founding. Along with Rockefeller’s Chase and Kendall’s Pepsi, major American corporations like RJR Nabisco, Honeywell, Proctor & Gamble, Eastman Kodak, and Ford Motor Company are members, as are over four hundred other organizations representing a broad cross-section of American business. They are matched by a nearly-equal number of members on the Soviet side. Created specifically to promote business, the Trade Council has played major roles in the success of such well-known undertakings as Kendall’s Pepsi-for-Stolichnaya deal and the opening of McDonald’s in Moscow. In addition to endorsing the Symposium, astec will send officials from its Moscow and New York offices to Seattle in September. B.

Participants Thirty-five Americans and over two hundred Soviets traveled to Leningrad to attend the first Symposium. Hundreds of participants are expected this year. American participants will include: ◊

Ports from the State of Washington and throughout the United States

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Private Sector Environmental Engineering and Consulting Companies

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Governmental Agencies

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Professional Services (Legal, Banking, Accounting, Insurance, etc.)

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Research Organizations

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Educational Institutions

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Transportation Companies

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Construction Companies

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Suppliers

Soviet participants will include: ◊

Ports from the Soviet Union US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 6

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Special Invitees from Soviet Far East (Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Khabarovsk, FESCO, etc.)

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Government Organizations and Ministries

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Co-operatives

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Research Institutes

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Educational Institutions

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Engineering and Construction Companies

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Transportation Specialists

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Maritime Shipping Fleets

Issues and Activities The Symposium will focus on issues in three related areas: ◊

Marine environmental protection, remediation, and management

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State-of-the-art port facility planning, design, and operation

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Opportunities for trade and ways to advance these opportunities

Proposed Symposium activities include: ◊

Reading of papers

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Round-table discussions

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Facility tours

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Trade show

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Workshops

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Sightseeing and entertainment US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 7

In addition, three American projects—one in environmental remediation, one in port development, and one in trade—will be selected on which both American and Soviet experts will work beginning at the Symposium and continuing afterwards on an on-going basis. Likewise, the Soviets will be asked to identify three projects of their own to serve as joint case-studies for the next Symposium. These projects will promote and extend the bilateral interaction and will create excellent opportunities for developing business. D.

Objectives The goals of the Symposium are to:

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Encourage the open exchange of information and ideas

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Strengthen existing ties and develop new ones between American and Soviet participants

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Increase business, trade and shipping activities between the US and the USSR.

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Create an American-Soviet Committee for Maritime Environmental Protection

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Discuss the possibility of continuing the Symposium on a regular basis

Location The Symposium will be held on the campus of the University of Washington in Seattle where conference halls and meeting rooms have been reserved for the occasion. Housing and meals for the Soviet visitors will also be at the University. Off-campus banquets and special entertainments are being planned at a number of Puget Sound sites. In addition, tours of port facilities, remediation sites, and research centers will be offered. Symposium events and venues are being selected based on how they contribute to the character and success of the conference.

Dates The Symposium will run from 9 to 13 September, 1991. US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 8

I V. PROP O SED S Y M P O SI U M SC H EDU L E DAY 1 – Sunday, 8 September 1991 Afternoon: 19:00 – 22:00:

Soviet Delegation arrives at SeaTac International Airport from Moscow via JFK/New York Delegation checks in at Marriott Resident Inn–Lake Union Sponsors’ Welcoming Dinner & Reception DAY 2 – Monday, 9 September 1991

07:30 – 08:30: 09:00 – 11:45:

12:00 – 13:30: 14:00 – 18:00:

19:00 – 21:00:

Breakfast at hotel General Session Welcome by wppa Officials Response from Soviet Guests Introduction to Symposium: Its Format & Objectives Luncheon (Featured Speaker: US Senator Slade Gorton) Breakout Sessions into Three Areas: ◊ Maritime Environmental Protection ◊ Port Development and Operations ◊ Shipping and Trade Dinner/General Reception at Seattle Aquarium (hosted by Port of Seattle) DAY 3 – Tuesday, 10 September 1991

07:30 – 08:30: 09:00 – 12:30:

12:45 – 13:45: Afternoon: 14:00 – 18:00: 18:30 – 19:30: 20:00:

Breakfast at hotel Breakout Sessions into Three Areas: ◊ Maritime Environmental Protection ◊ Port Development and Operations ◊ Shipping and Trade Lunch Press Conference Workshops/Tours of Various Facilities Dinner Hosted Receptions

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 9

DAY 4 – Wednesday, 11 September 1991 07:30 – 08:30: 09:00 – 12:30:

12:45 – 13:45: 14:00 – 17:30: 19:00 – 22:00:

Breakfast at hotel Breakout Sessions into Three Areas: ◊ Maritime Environmental Protection ◊ Port Development and Operations ◊ Shipping and Trade Lunch at UW Workshops Dinner Cruise on Puget Sound with Entertainment DAY 5 – Thursday, 12 September 1991

07:30 – 08:30: 09:00 – 12:30:

12:45 – 13:45: 14:00 – 17:00: 18:00 – 19:00: 19:30 – 23:00:

Breakfast at hotel Breakout Sessions into Three Areas: ◊ Maritime Environmental Protection ◊ Port Development and Operations ◊ Shipping and Trade Lunch at UW Round Table Discussions Dinner Hosted Dinners at American Homes DAY 6 – Friday, 13 September 1991

07:30 – 08:30: 09:00 – 10:30: 11:00 on:

Breakfast at hotel General Meeting Conclusion of Symposium Resolutions for Future Action Open Time for Tours, Sightseeing, Shopping DAY 7 – Saturday, 14 September 1991

07:30 – 08:30: Afternoon: Evening:

Breakfast at hotel Depart hotel for Sea-Tac Airport Depart Sea-Tac Airport for Moscow via JFK/New York

[Please note that the above schedule is subject to change and refinement. A final schedule will be published prior to the Symposium.] US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 10

V. PRO GR A M DE SC R I P T ION The emphasis of the Symposium will be on three related issues: 1.

Environmental management—protection, remediation and mitigation

State-of-the-art facility planning, design and operation

Opportunities for trade and ways to improve these opportunities

The Symposium will continue the dialogue begun in Leningrad last year by American and Soviet experts in these fields. Its goal is to provide a forum for an open exchange of ideas and information that will be useful to ports and private industries. On the subject of environmental management, the Symposium will focus on ways ports today are dealing with the remediation of degraded natural systems and how environmental protection considerations are factored into development decisions. Some topics that are being considered for inclusion in the program are a comparison of the US/Soviet regulatory climates and case studies describing clean-up operations and natural resource mitigation. Case studies on the modern development of port facilities are proposed with special attention given to broader issues such as strategic planning for port expansion and identification of specific problem areas. For example, papers are being solicited on renovating and upgrading existing wharf facilities, designing with seismic considerations, and developing appropriate wharf paving. The goals of the trade component of this Symposium are to improve our two countries’ understanding of each others’ port and commodity transportation systems, to increase our maritime trade with each other, and to enhance the role played by our ports in this process. Presenters will describe how maritime trade decisions are made in their respective countries and the available distribution networks. Other proposed topics include the role of free trade zones, the mechanics of reaching trade agreements, and trade projections for the Year 2000. The Symposium will promote a dynamic interchange between participants. To optimize the exchange of information and ideas, panel discussions, round table workshops, and social gatherings are included throughout the program. In addition, a planned trade show will provide a forum for the display of US and Soviet technological innovations. Opportunities for interaction created by the Symposium US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 11

will increase the participants’ arsenal of available solutions for common problems and lay the groundwork for viable trade and service agreements between the two countries. To achieve that objective, an exciting new element will be added to this year’s conference. Three American projects—one, involving the environment, a second, port development, and a third, trade—will be selected. American and Soviet teams of experts will work together on the projects to find solutions. The projects will be on-going, so specialists from both countries will have a mandate to continue working together and exchanging ideas after the Symposium. In return, the Soviets will identify three similar projects from their country for inclusion in the 3rd Symposium program, to be held somewhere in the Soviet Union. The 1991 Second Annual American–Soviet Symposium on Marine Environmental Protection, Port Development, and Trade will be of interest to American public agencies and private companies alike. The exchange of information on how best to address environmental problems facing ports in the industrial world is essential if continued progress is to be made in this area. A thorough understanding of how port facilities are being designed to meet the challenges of the twenty first century is a topic that will interest ports, private design and engineering firms, and other concerned parties. There is a broad interest among prospective Symposium participants in improving US–USSR trade relations, particularly among organizations involved in the sale and transportation of commodities and goods. This year’s meeting will enhance our understanding of how Soviet ports operate, how American interests can benefit from a dialogue with Soviet ports, and how an efficient distribution of goods can occur between these two nations.

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 12

V I. PROP O SED TOPICS The topics presented here were identified by the Symposium Program Committee as desirable subjects on which papers might be read by Soviet and American experts. The Committee is also soliciting ideas from the Soviet organizers. The final selection of papers will reflect the input of specialists from both countries and address concerns evident in the titles listed below. Assuredly, people will be present in Seattle capable of discussing many of these questions on a personal level whether or not papers on them are included in the formal agenda. Please note that suggestions made here for one country often apply equally to the other. A.

Maritime Environmental Protection ◊

Environmental Protection and Enforcement: How They Apply to Ports Today and Trends for the Future

◊

Sensitive Habitat and Species Management (Planning, Mitigation, Restoration, and Protection)

◊

Contaminated Dredge Material Test Methodology, Disposal Criteria, and Acceptable Disposal Methods (How are contaminated sediments being handled today?)

◊

Upland Clean-up of Contaminated Soils - Cleanup Criteria and Stateof-the-Art Clean-up Methods

◊

Practical Uses for Dredged Material

◊

Pollution Source Control Measures (Cargo, Non-Cargo, Storm Water, Dust, and Air Related)

◊

Case Study: Cleanup of Contaminated Harbor Sediments

◊

Case Study: Cleanup of Contaminated Upland Materials

◊

Case Study: Successful Sensitive Habitat Mitigation (Inter-tidal, Wetlands, Near-Shore, Fish and Wildlife)

◊

The Disposal of Dredge Materials Under the London Dumping Convention US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 13

◊

Environmental Impact Assessments

◊

Worker’s Safety in Transporting and Handling Toxic Substances

◊

Environmental Decision-Making (Regulatory Matrix)

◊

Natural Resource Damages (Compensation Regime)

◊

Market Incentives for Pollution Control: Offset Trading and Pollution Credits

◊

Monitoring Water Quality

◊

Oil Spill and Hazardous Releases: Response, Clean-up, and Contingency Planning

Port Development ◊

Marine Terminal Development

◊

Renovation and Upgrade of Existing Wharf Facilities

◊

Seismic Considerations in Marine Facility Design

◊

Break-bulk and Container Vessel Design: Present and Future

◊

Master Plans for Port/Harbor Expansion in the Soviet Union (Special emphasis on Soviet Far Eastern ports)

◊

Cargo Handling Equipment

◊

Wharf Design and Construction Techniques (including fender systems)

◊

Marine Terminal Pavement Design

◊

Operational Considerations in Marine Terminal Design

◊

Inland Distribution of Cargo

◊

Funding Port Development Decisions: How Are Port Projects Financed? US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 14

◊

The Five Year Plan for Soviet Ports

◊

Soviet Plans for Containerization

Trade ◊

Soviet Trade Projections for the Pacific through the Year 2000

◊

Feasibility of the Trans-Siberian Rail Connection from the Pacific Coast to Eastern Europe

◊

Soviet (MORFLOT) Vessel Expansion/Acquisition Program: Where Will the Fleet be Allocated?

◊

Maritime Trade Decision-Making Process Within the Soviet Government

◊

Soviet Studies and Conclusions on the Arctic Sea Polar Route

◊

Essential Components of Successful Maritime Trade Between the US and the USSR

◊

Economic Liberalization and the Prospects for Far East Trade: A Forecast of Import Needs and Export Capabilities in the Year 1995

◊

The Soviet Far East Infrastructure: Existing Facilities and Development Needed to Meet New Export and Import Opportunities

◊

Free Economic Zones in the Russian Federation

◊

Joint Venture Opportunities for Environmental Consulting Companies

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 15

V I I. COM M IT T E E S A number of Symposium committees have been formed. The Organizing Committee is made up of representatives from all ports, companies, and organizations planning to take part in the conference and meets on an “as needed” basis. In addition, six other committees work on specific tasks and meet separately from the Organizing Committee. These committees and their areas of responsibility are: ◊

Program Committee—This committee has responsibility for planning the program for the Symposium, including selecting topics, inviting and screening presenters, and arranging for special guest speakers.

◊

Budget—This committee has responsibility for establishing and administering a budget and overseeing all income and expenditures related to the Symposium.

◊

Logistics—This committee is responsible for transportation, housing, food, volunteer work, and support services.

◊

Publicity—This committee handles brochures and mailers, the printed Symposium program, media relations, press releases, recruitment of attendees, and the compilation and publication of the Symposium’s proceedings.

◊

Entertainment—This committee is arranging the welcoming reception Sunday evening, the formal luncheon on Monday, the dinner cruise/dance on Wednesday, sightseeing tours, and other planned entertainment.

◊

Exhibition/Trade Show—A committee has been established to organize a trade show/exhibition in conjunction with the Symposium.

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 16

V I I I. L ET T ER OF I N V ITAT ION

Washington Public Ports Association 1501 Capitol Way South, #304, Olympia, Washington 98501USA April 16, 1991 Mr. A.M. Semenov Mr. A.I. Kozhokar Ecotechnology Leningrad, USSR Dear Sirs: We are pleased to announce the scheduling of the 1991 American-Soviet Symposium on Maritime Environmental Protection and Port Development. This year’s conference will be held in Seattle, Washington, from Monday, September 9 through Friday, September 13, 1991. Conference halls and housing will be located on the campus of the University of Washington. Official American sponsor again will be the Washington Public Ports Association, while A & B World Trading Company will serve as organizer. Proposed general areas for discussion at the Symposium are: 1) Protection of the maritime environment; 2) Port development and operations; and 3) Maritime shipping and trade. We invite thirty-five Soviet specialists from these fields to attend this conference as our guests. All costs for housing, food and entertainment for these thirty-five people will be paid by the American hosts. More than this number of Soviets may attend, if a way can be found to pay for the extra cost of their visit. We will discuss this possibility with you and make some suggestions for your consideration.

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 17

Your group should plan to arrive in Seattle on Sunday afternoon, September 8, and leave from Seattle on Saturday, September 14. An official call for papers is now being prepared by the Program Committee and will be forwarded to you when it is ready. We will also send to you during the next few weeks more complete information about the Symposium. The wppa and its members look forward to continuing the work that we began together with you last year in Leningrad. It is our hope that this year’s Symposium will produce high quality discussions and result in productive relationships and mutually-beneficial business opportunities for both American and Soviet participants. Please contact us via telex or fax through A & B World Trading Company if you have any questions. We will see you in Seattle in September! Sincerely, Washington Public Ports Association John McCarthy, President Donald R. White, Executive Director

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 18

I X. 199 0 S Y M P O SI U M PRO GR A M At the 1990 Symposium in Leningrad, forty one papers were presented. Some of last year’s key speakers will take part in this year’s meeting along with new participants from other fields and geographic areas who can address objectives and interests of the 1991 Symposium not otherwise covered. The presenters and papers in Leningrad were: 1.

Opening Speech and Greeting on Behalf of lenmorniiproekt V.A. Esin, Deputy Director lenmorniiproekt

Opening Speech and Greeting on Behalf of Washington Public Ports Association John McCarthy, President Washington Public Ports Association

Purpose of the Symposium A.M. Semionov, Chairman Symposium Organizing Committee A.I. Kozhokarj, Chairman Symposium Secretariat

The Role of Ports in Maritime Shipping, Trade, and Economic Development: An American Perspective John Terpstra, Executive Director Port of Tacoma Chairman-elect American Association of Port Authorities

Dredging and Dredge Material Management: National and Regional Environmental Initiatives Walter Ritchie, Chief Engineer Port of Seattle

Control of Environmental Damage Involved in Sea Dredging and Spoil Dumping S.L. Belenko, Head of Laboratory Environmental Protection Department lenmorniiproekt US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 19

Positive and Negative Experience of Solving Problems of Dredge Material Dumping During Sea Dredging V.I. Shepsis & L.A. Muntian Chernmorniiproekt

Operating Ports Within Environmental Constraints: A Case Study of Port of Seattle Dave Aggerholm, Manager, Environmental Management Port of Seattle

Ecological Certification of Port Transportation/Transhipment Facilities for Dust-forming Cargoes A.L. Stepanov Leningrad Engineering Nautical School of Higher Education

10.

A Port Environmental Program in an Industrialized Estuary: Port of Tacoma Case Study Leslie Sacha, Director of Environmental Affairs Port of Tacoma

11.

Environmental Protection During Operation of Sea Ports A.I.. Kozhokarj, Senior Scientific Worker A.I. Semionov, Head of Laboratory lenmorniiproekt

12.

The Grays Harbor Navigation Improvement Project Clifford Muller, Executive Director Port of Grays Harbor

13.

Port Activities on Quarrying and Concentration of Non-Metallic Building Materials Within Environmental Constraints N.I. Fedotov Volga River Shipping Company

14.

Choice and Feasibility Study of Effective Shore Protection Measures D.M. Belov, Chief Expert lenmorniiproekt

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 2 0

15.

Reducing Sediment Contamination by Controlling Storm Water Discharges Don Weitkamp, Ph.D. Parametrix

16.

Disposal of Contaminated Sediments in Puget Sound Phil Spadaro Hart Crowser

17.

Oil Product Spreading in Harbor Area Due to Tanker Accidents A.I. Alkhimenko Leningrad Polytechnical Institute

18.

Water Quality Management of the Port Environment Michael Thorp, Partner Heller, Ehrman, White & McAuliffe

19.

New Oil-Collecting Devices E.P. Zuyev Far East Engineering School of Higher Education

20.

Ship-Based Environmental Protection Equipment S.A. Bogatykh Leningrad Technological Institute of Refrigeration Industry

21.

The Organization and Principles of the Environmental Protection Agency in the United States Greg Kellogg, Chief, Water Compliance Section, US Environmental Protection Agency

22.

Financing Port Development and Environmental Cleanups Dr. James H. Ojala A & B World Trading Company (for James Seagraves, John Nuveen & Company)

23.

Methods of Evaluation of the Effects of Ship Energetic Installations and Kinds of Fuel on Ecological Safety of the World Ocean I.L. Shegalov P.S. Emelyanov Leningrad Engineering Nautical School of Higher Education US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 21

24.

The Uniqueness of Port Districts in Washington State and the Washington Public Ports Association Don White, Executive Director Washington Public Ports Association

25.

The Leningrad Environmental Association: Structure and Development Prospects A.I. Alkhimenko Leningrad Polytechnical Institute

26.

Organization of Environmental Activity While Operating River Ports and Ships L.V. Stolyarova Moscow Institute for Water Transport

27.

Design and Implementation of a Computerized, Jet Array, Anti-Siltation, Hydraulic Scour System Clifford Muller, Executive Director Port of Grays Harbor

28.

Dredge Planning and Disposal Leslie Sacha, Director of Environmental Affairs Port of Tacoma

29.

New Technologies and Designs for Maritime Port Construction John Terpstra, Executive Director Port of Tacoma

30.

Development and Construction of Economical Maritime Hydraulic Structures M.Y. Nikolayevsky V.G. Apelsin lenmorniiproekt

31.

Planning for the Protection and Restoration of Urban Waterfront Environments Ann Dold, Project Manager Parametrix

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 22

32.

The Apparatus for Water Purification by the Method of Turbulent Micro-flotation (Pipe Flotation) N.N. Rulyov Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR

33.

Preventing Dust Formation and Congelation of Starting Materials for Metallurgy Industry During Their Transportation and Transfer V.M. Zadara M.L. Krapivko Dnepropetrovsk State University

34.

Information Support of the Technical System’s Ecological Failure Check M.M. Usenkov O.V. Kolupayev D.A. Petrov V.G. Mishenkov S.L. Shirshov lenmorniiproekt

35.

Controlling Contaminated Sediments and Restoring and Protecting Habitats Don Weitkamp, Principal Parametrix

36.

Reduction of Atmospheric Emissions from NOx Boilers and Oil Fired Furnaces by Utilization of Water-Residual Oil Emulsions P.M. Sukhomlinov E.M. Kunina Research & Production Association “Energostalj”

37.

Environmental Legal Issues in Port Management Charles Blumenfeld, Partner Bogle and Gates

38.

Developing Working Design of the Hatch Cover for Ship Loading and Unloading B.E. Tatasiuk Odessa Institute of Engineers for Maritime Fleet US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 2 3

39.

A Method of Treatment of Oily Wastes from Tankers N.N. Chura Novorossisk Engineering Nautical School of Higher Eduction

40.

Experience of Designing Ship-Based Environmental Protection Equipment Y.N. Gorbachiov Research & Production Association “Sudostroyeniye”

41.

Sea Shipping and Problems of World Ocean Pollution A.M. Dubershtein S.V. Latukhov, Leningrad Engineering Nautical School of Higher Education

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 24

X. 199 0 SOV I ET AT T E N DE E S The Leningrad conference attracted over two hundred Soviet specialists. A portrait of who those people were can be drawn based on information included in a list of pre-registered Soviet participants. On that list are individuals from at least 25 ports, nine research institutes, four shipyards, 18 shipping companies, seven federal agencies, eight universities, seven manufacturing groups, seven engineering companies and five environmental protection organizations from throughout the USSR. Representatives from a significant portion of the Soviet organizations involved in maritime environmental protection, shipping and port activities were present in Leningrad, including many from the Soviet Far East. Soviet participants for this year’s Symposium will be drawn from the lists of last year’s presenters and attendees and from other individuals and organizations not on these lists who are being specially targeted to receive invitations. Broken down by category, the following Soviet organizations pre-registered for the 1990 conference in Leningrad and sent the number of people indicated in parentheses: A.

SHIPPING COMPANIES 1.

Belomorski-Onega Shipping Company (1)

Baltechflot (4)

Baltic Steamship Company (3+)

Kamchatka Shipping Company (1)

Amur River Shipping Company (1)

Belorussian River Shipping Company (1)

Volga-Don River Shipping Company (2)

Western River Shipping Company (1)

Glavrechflot (2)

10.

Soviet Danube Shipping Company (1) US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 25

11.

Northern Shipping Company (1)

12.

Daljtechflot (2)

13.

Azov Shipping Company (1)

14.

Volga River Shipping Company (1)

15.

Nemen Shipping Company (2)

16.

Volgotanker Shipping Company (1)

17.

Moscow River Shipping Company (1)

18.

Black Sea Shipping Company [blasco] (2+)

19.

Far Eastern Shipping Company [fesco} (1)

PORTS 1.

Port of Feodosiya (1)

Port of Tallinn (2)

Port of Ilichiovsk (1)

Port of Pevek (1)

Port of Nakhodka (2)

Port of Dudinko (2)

Port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (3)

Port of Vostochniy (1)

Port of Yalta (1)

10.

Port of Beringovski Punkt (1) US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 2 6

11.

Port of Skadovsk (1)

12.

Port of Aktan (1)

13.

Port of Sukhumi (1)

14.

Port of Reni (1)

15.

Port of Ventspils (1)

16.

River Port of Syktyukar (1)

17.

Port of Khasan (1)

18.

Port of Vladivostok (2)

19.

Port of Klaipeda (1)

20.

Port of Ismail (1)

21.

Port of Mariupolj (2)

22.

Port of Odessa (1)

23.

Port of Leningrad (many)

24.

Port of Kaliningrad (3+)

25.

Port of Vibourg (3+)

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 1.

Black Sea and Sea of Azov Routes Administration (3)

goskompriroda/Nakhodka (2)

All-Union Research and Technical Society for Merchant Marine (1)

lenkompriroda (1) US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 27

glavflot (2)

soyuzpromexport (1)

sibgiprorechtrans (2)

morflot (4+)

SHIPYARDS 1. Loksa Ship Repair Yard (1) 2. Azov Ship Repair Yard (2) 3. Krasnaya Kuznitsa Ship Repair Yard (1) 4. Kononerski Ship Repair Yard (1)

RESEARCH INSTITUTES 1.

Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1)

Far East Research Institute for Maritime Fleet (4)

Chernmorniiproekt (3)

lenmorniiproekt (5)

Ventspils Hydrometeorological Centre (1)

State Design Institute for River Transport (3)

All Union Research Institute of Hydraulic Excavation, Sanitary Engineering, and Special Purpose Civil Engineering Work (2)

South Research Institute for Maritime Fleet (4)

Central Research Institute for Maritime Fleet (4) US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 2 8

UNIVERSITIES/INSTITUTES 1.

Novorossisk Engineering Nautical School of Higher Education (1)

Leningrad Institute for Water Transport (5)

Leningrad Engineering Nautical School of Higher Education (3)

Far East Engineering Nautical School of Higher Education (4)

Dnepropetrovsk State University (2)

Odessa Institute for Engineers for Maritime Fleet (1)

Leningrad Technological Institute of Refrigeration Industry (2)

Leningrad Polytechnical Institute (1)

MANUFACTURING ASSOCIATIONS 1.

Norilsk Integrated Plant (1)

Research and Production Association sudostroyenie (2)

koksochimiy (2)

Astrakhan Central Design Office (1)

Ventspils Portside Factory (2)

Research and Production Association sudoremont

Moscow Basin Scientific-Technical Society (1)

ENGINEERING/CONSTRUCTION 1.

sevzapmorgidrostroi (1)

glavmorrechstroi (3) US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 29

Project ukryuzhgidrokommunstroi (2)

Sov-Kuwait Engineering (2)

lengidrorechtrans (2)

Far East Regional Centre technopolis (2)

soyuzstoimekologiya (2)

ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES 1.

Territorial Environmental Protection Committee of Primorski Krai (1)

Chief Sanitary Inspector of the Latvian Basin (1)

Latvian Nature Protection Committee (1)

Ecology Centre of the Azerbaijan SSR (1)

Kamchatka Regional Nature Protection Committee (1)

US -US SR Por t Sympo sium – page 3 0