REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
PREFACE
i
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
BIA3008 CULTURE & CONTEXT
BAGS6315 ARCHITECTURAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES
ii
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
ORGANISATION
iii
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iv
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
OUTBOUND COLLABORATIONS SHARING SESSION: EXPERIENCE IN SHANGHAI WITH MS CAMY CHAI & MS HOOI SHAN
v
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
WEBINAR: HERITAGE & URBAN REGENERATION IN SHANGHAI WITH PROFESSOR PLÁCIDO GONZÁLEZ MARTÍNEZ, PH .D.
TONGJI UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI
vi
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
CONTENTS
PART A THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE & CONTEXT IN SHAPING THE ARCHITECTURE OF SHANGHAI
1.0
5 6
1.1 1.2
5000 B.C.
2.0 9 15 16 17
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1
18
2.5.1 2.5.2
22 23
21
2.5
1842
3.0 3.1
27 3.1.1
28
3.2 3.3
31 35 3.3.1 3.3.2
2010
37 40
4.0 49 50 59 60 62 63 65 67
4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2 4.3.3.3 vii
1
68 70 73
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
PART B ARCHITECTURAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN XINTIANDI AND MALACCA
75
5.0 5.1
80
5.2
82
6.0 85 88 91
6.1 6.2 6.3
7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3
99 101 104
8.0 8.1
111 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3
8.2
112
PART C INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS
114
APPENDIX & REFERENCES
130
viii
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 (a) – 3.1.1 (g)
ix
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
3.1.1 (h) – 4.1.1 (d)
x
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
LIST OF FIGURES 4.1.1 (e) – 4.3.3.2 (b)
(极速飞驰).
地
xi
新天
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
4.3.3.2 (b) – 6.3 (f)
xii
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
LIST OF FIGURES 6.3 (g) – 7.3 (j)
.
xiii
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
xiv
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
PART
1
A
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
PART A: AN OVERVIEW THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE & CONTEXT IN SHAPING THE ARCHITECTURE OF SHANGHAI
START HERE
1.0
5000 B.C.
2.0
1842
3.0 2010
4.0
2
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
3
1.0 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
4
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
1. 1
“This is a study of how culture & context shaped architecture...”
“... and the role of architecture in safeguarding & preserving the identities and social relations of the culture & context.”
5
1.0 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
1. 2
沪
“Shanghai is known globally as China’s finance and economic hub, making it a gateway for international businesses operating in China.”
6
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
7
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
8
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
2.1 5000 B.C. – 3000 B.C.
5000 B.C. – 3000 B.C.
9
“Members of the Hemudu culture utilized both agriculture and hunting.”
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
1046 B.C. – 771 B.C.
“The mixture of the North China culture and Wu culture of the south creating new architectural technologies and principles.”
10
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
771 B.C. – 476 B.C.
“The mixture of the North China culture and Wu culture of the south creating new architectural technologies and principles.”
11
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
“The assimilation of outside religion and culture through the Ancient Silk Road promoted changes in Chinese traditional architecture.”
202 BC – 220 AD
960 AD – 1279 AD
ǎ
1279 AD – 1368 AD
12
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
1368 – 1644
“By the early 15th century, Shanghai had become important enough for Ming dynasty engineers to begin dredging the Huangpu River.”
13
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
1644 – 1912
“During the Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty, Shanghai began developing rapidly and became the largest port in the Far East.”
14
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
2.2
1644 – 1912
1912-1948
1949-1978
1979-1990
15
“Once the British nominated Shanghai as a trading port after the first Opium War, thus opening it to foreign involvement, a substantial amount of urban development took place.”
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
2.3 1757 – 1842
1839-1842
August 29, 1842
16
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
2.4
“Shanghai set priorities for urban culture forms, a characteristic of the modern urban society; desire for novelty, avant garde attitudes, commercialism and sophistication.”
17
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
2.4.1
“The rise of modern press is tied closely with Chinese cartoons where the intellectuals convinced that the press was a good platform of communication.”
18
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
19
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
20
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
2.5
“In contemporary terms, Haipai culture is seen because the symbol of diversity and inclusiveness, a special style which boasts for both orientalism and civilization.”
21
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
2.5.1 1920s – 1930s
“Haipai culture emerged as a result between the clash of traditional Chinese and Western cultures.” 1930s–1950s
22
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
1950s–1980s
1980s– present
23
2.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SHANGHAI
2.5.2
24
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
25
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
26
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
3. 1 1840s
“During the Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty, Shanghai began developing rapidly and became the largest port in the Far East.”
27
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
3.1.1
“One of the most typical features of the French concession is its gorgeous tree-lined avenue.”
28
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
3. 1
“Villas in French concession present diversity of styles, hybrid design between east & west. ”
29
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
“Standing among the modern buildings, former French Concession public buildings attracts the eyes with its unique Western style.”
30
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
3. 2
31
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
“The Lilong Houses area accommodated 90% of Shanghai's population between 1940s-1980s.”
32
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
Characteristics of Shikumen houses
33
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
Life in The Lanes of Shikumen Houses
“During the world war II period a lot of refugees headed to Shanghai, it was common to see one Shikumen house shared by more than one family.”
34
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
3. 3
35
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
36
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
3.3.1
“Shanghai's historical position has been not only as China's entrance, but also as China's window to the rest of the world.”
37
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
“Sir Victor Sassoon: Shanghai's Playboy of the Eastern World who changed the face of Shanghai forever”
.
38
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
.'
“... Japanese ended
all foreign concessions in Shanghai except for the French..”
39
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
3.3.2
“It has been Shanghai's most popular tourist attraction for decades, making The Bund the city's pride.”
40
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
41
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
“One of the iconic feature of the Customs
House is the clock tower that holds the brother of London’s Big Ben. Known as Big Ching, it is modelled after the bell on Westminster.”
42
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
.
“...was the last building to be built on the Bund.”
43
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
“...was a foreign bank representing Russian interest in China during the period between Qing Dynasty and Republic of China.”
44
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
.
“Another temple of money -resembles an ancient Greek temple with a facade of columns and lavish interior décor”
45
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES, APPROACHES & STYLES
“...winning the 2006 UNESCO AsiaPacific Heritage Award of Excellence for Culture Heritage Conservation.”
46
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
47
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
48
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4. 1
49
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4.1.1
“In the recent years, Shanghai has shown swift growth in its creative industries.”
• • • • • •
•
• • • •
50
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
Cultural Attributes: Art
“... Constantly striving to get their art out there to make their mark in the industry.”
51
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
Shanghai Art Gallery
52
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
Island6 (Liudao 六岛), M50
“Island6’s artworks are visual, full of interactions, conceptual, hilarious yet solemn but always stunning with the use of current innovative technology and always the result of collaboration.” 六岛
53
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
Island6 (Liudao 六岛), M50
(极速 飞驰).
54
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
Cultural Attributes: Music Festival
55
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
Cultural Attributes: Music
56
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
Cultural Attributes: Textile
57
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
Cultural Attributes: Textile
58
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4.1.2
世
59
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4. 2
“These three structures are not just city monuments, but also symbols of the growth in Shanghai and China...”
60
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
61
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4. 3 4.3.1
62
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4.3.1
63
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4.3.1
新天地
64
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4.3.2
1992 – 2000 • • •
2001 – 2009 •
2010 – present • • • •
65
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4. 3 4.3.2
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
• • •
•
• •
• •
• • • •
• •
• • • •
•
• • • •
•
66
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4. 3 4.3.3
“Shikumen: the Built icon of Shanghai Tradition”
• •
• •
• •
67
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4.3.3.1
“Tian Zi Fang retains an organic and original feel because the area hasn’t been markedly reconstructed in recent years.”
68
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4.3.3.1
69
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4.3.3.2
70
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4.3.3.2
)
“Xintiandi: where Shanghai’s past meets its future.”
71
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4.3.3.2
)
72
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
4.3.3.3
73
4.0 REFLECTIONS OF CURRENT SHANGHAI
4.3.3.3
74
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
PART
75
B
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
PART B: AN OVERVIEW ARCHITECTURAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN XINTIANDI AND MALACCA
5.0
6.0
7.0
76
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
77
5.0 URBAN REGENERATION MOTIVES AT THE CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD
78
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
5.0
“Each city portrays a contrast of perception on ways to reflect the past image of the city into the present pluralist society.”
79
5.0 URBAN REGENERATION MOTIVES AT THE CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD
5.1
“A new relationship between Shanghai’s past and present was explored in this new era, both in reality and in imagination.”
80
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
5.2
“Regeneration in Malaysia mainly focuses on introducing activities to revive a place, in order to gain social, economic and physical improvement.”
81
5.0 URBAN REGENERATION MOTIVES AT THE CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD
5.3
82
PART A: The Importance of Culture & Context in Shaping the Architecture of Shanghai
83
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
84
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
6. 1
“Haipai culture & Communism can be seen reflected in the sense of place.”
85
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
6. 1 “Xintiandi is where Shanghai’s past meets the future.”
“A historic townscape generates curiosity from the young and nostalgia from the old in the quickly developed metropolis. In the instance of Xintiandi, the Shikumen evokes both imagination and memories of Shanghai's past.”
86
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
“Shikumen is a built icon, a symbol of the cultural hybridity, and an indicator of the continuity of Haipai culture the spirit of the city…”
“... the traditional elements at Xintiandi play the role to connect past and present where can be felt as if it is transported back in time to the Old Shanghai era.”
87
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
6. 2
88
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
89
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
“…Sometimes visitors brought their kids here to show them what Shanghai used to be.”
90
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
6. 3
“Adapting a building for new use while retaining its historic features.”
“...and by doing so - save it from abandon or demolition.”
91
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
“...from the reinvention of hole-in-thewall as a stylist coffee shop to the multimillion dollar redevelopment of entire district.”
“Adaptive reuse is in a sense – saving the old by adding new utilization.”
92
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
6. 3
“... show that Chinese architecture can be fashionable. It shows old building can have both economic and social value.”
93
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
“Why is Xintiandi so famous? Because for China it represented a whole new way of doing things. It changed their way of thinking about the preservation of their cities”
94
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
“...the Lilong Shikumen as a symbol of the City”
95
6.0 XINTIANDI’S IMAGE OF COHERENCE
96
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
97
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
98
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
7. 1
“The vibrancy of Malacca gives the sense of welcoming, seeing historical revitalisation as an opportunity for tourist attraction.”
99
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
“The buildings are
stunning, and walking through Malacca is like walking through time giving the ‘sense of place’ to the people and tourist.”
100
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
7. 2
101
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
102
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
“The Baba-Nyonya Heritage Museum ... Is set up to seem like a typical 19th-century Baba-Nyonya home.”
103
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
7. 3
.
“The presence of tangible and intangible heritage elements are necessary to express their outstanding universal value.”
104
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
“...there is relationship between the general way a country is lead and the way they restore buildings.”
“Art in the public space is free and open to the public; anyone can participate and view the work”
105
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
“The colour which flows in our body, beginning of a romance for some in the form of a red flower, part of a celebration and the colour of spirit.”
106
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
107
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
108
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
109
7.0 THE HISTORIC REVIVAL OF MALACCA
CHAPTER
08
110
PART B: Architectural Comparative Studies between XinTianDi & Malacca
8. 1 8.1.1
8.1.2
“The architecture and urban landscapes of Shanghai have become living showcases of the many overlaying histories in the past.”
8.1.3
“Xintiandi is a place of everlasting cultural hybridity, and according to Wulixiang Museum: it is foreign to Chinese, and Chinese to foreigners.”
111
8.0 DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
8. 2
112
PART C: Individual Reflections
113
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
PART
c
114
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS ADRIANA JUMIN
YEAR 1 MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE S2007502/1
115
“It is very pleasing to see more similarities than differences between Malacca and Shanghai... Both having preserved its past whilst welcoming the future.”
Adriana Jumin 116
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS ERSYAD ARIF FAUZI
YEAR 1 MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE 17135208/3
117
“People tend to believe that to be modern you have to disengage from your heritage, but it's not true. People without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.”
118
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS NURIN QISTINA BINTI ABD RAHMAN YEAR 1 MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE 17172547/3
119
“Hai Pai culture means ‘ The Ocean absorbs the flows of hundreds of rivers’ which is at the root of Shanghai's energy of coherence and charm.”
Nurin Qistina 120
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS NUR ADILAH HUSNA BINTI TAJUDIN YEAR 1 MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE S2005576/1
“The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.” - Saint Augustine 121
“Shanghai has very interesting features in the context of architecture and urban landscape that have become living showcases of many intersecting histories of the past, and relationships between people’s stories.”
122
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS SUNEEDA PHON
YEAR 1 MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE 17132899/2
Why Shanghai?
123
“To me, architecture is, therefore, a ‘history of tomorrow’—a showcase of the condensed and overlaid stories, narratives, and long-winded histories of the past that have played important roles in shaping the cultural identity of a place.”
Suneeda Sisuwan 124
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS HAMZA ALSHEIKH MAHMOUD
YEAR 3 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE BIA180707
125
“There is no book in the world that could speak, reflects identity of a place and tells you stories about a society like Architecture does!”
Hamza Alsheikh Mahmoud 126
PART C: Individual Reflections
INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS MUHAMMAD FAIZ MUQREE
YEAR 3 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE BIA180017
Why Shanghai?
“Humans are adaptable to their environment to survive that they created such complex belief and system to secure the harmony and culture in their community.”
127
Faiz Muqree 128
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
129
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW
A P P EN D I X & R EF ER EN C E S
130
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
APPENDIX
131
APPENDIX & REFERENCES
132
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133
APPENDIX & REFERENCES
134
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APPENDIX & REFERENCES
136
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
REFERENCES 1-D
137
APPENDIX & REFERENCES
D-I
138
REFLECTIONS OF SHANGHAI
REFERENCES I-M 六岛 (极 速 飞驰)
139
APPENDIX & REFERENCES
M-R
海派 和京派旗袍
140
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REFERENCES S-W
141
APPENDIX & REFERENCES
W-Z
142
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143
EAST MEETS WEST, OLD MEETS NEW