MAKI NGWAY FORBUSES Gui dancef orBusPr i or i t y Measur esi nI ndi anci t i es
Sour ce:CoEUT,2021
Publ i shedbyt he Deut scheGesel l schaf tf ür I nt er nat i onal eZusammenar bei t( GI Z)GmbH Regi st er edof f i ces BonnandEschbor n,Ger many Sust ai nabl eUr banMobi l i t y-Ai rQual i t y ,Cl i mat e Act i on,Accessi bi l t y( SUMACA) B5/ 2,Saf dar j ungEncl ave NewDel hi 1 10029 I ndi a T01 149495353 F01 149495391 Egi zi ndi en@gi z. de Iwww. gi z. de/ i ndi a Asat Oct ober2023,NewDel hi Pr epar edUnder Sust ai nabl eUr banMobi l i t y-Ai rQual i t y ,Cl i mat e Act i on,Accessi bi l t y( SUMACA) Pr oj ectTeam GI Z:LaghuPar ashar ,Kr i shnaDesai ,Chr i st y Cher i anandAmr ut haKul kar ni
CoEUT,CEPTResear chandDevel opment Foundat i on( CRDF):Pr of .H. M.Shi vanandSwamy , Shal i niSi nha,Abhi j i tLokr e,Khel anModi ,Sangeet ha Ann,AkankshaBal pande,Sur yaSugat han,Dhvani Tr i vediandJaydeepKal ar i a
Suggest edCi t at i on: Maki ngwayf orBuses:Gui dancef orBusPr i or i t y Measur esi nI ndi anci t i es( 2022) . Deut scheGesel l schaf tf ürI nt er nat i onal e Zusammenar bei t( GI Z)GmbH.
Revi ewer s Mr .SudheshKumar ,Seni orAdvi sor ,Consul t antt oGI Z .Ar mi nWagner ,Seni orAdvi sor ,Sust ai nabl e Mr Mobi l i t y .
Di scl ai mer : Thecont entpr esent edi nt hi sdocumenthasbeen compi l edwi t ht heut mostcar e.Fi ndi ngs, i nt er pr et at i onsandconcl usi onsexpr essedi nt hi s documentar ebasedoni nf or mat i ongat her edbyGI Z andi t sconsul t ant s,par t ner sandcont r i but or s.GI Z doesnot ,however ,guar ant eet heaccur acyor compl et enessofi nf or mat i oni nt hi sdocument ,and cannotbehel dr esponsi bl ef oranyer r or s,omi ssi ons orl ossesar i si ngdi r ect l yori ndi r ect l yf r om t heuseof t hi sdocument .
Phot oCr edi t s Respect i vesour ces GI Zi sr esponsi bl ef ort hecont entoft hi spubl i cat i on. Onbehal foft he Ger manFeder alMi ni st r yf orEconomi cCooper at i on andDevel opment( BMZ) Responsi bl e: Dani elMoser ,I ndi aDi r ect orTr anspor t ,GI Z Cont act : Manj unat hSekhar l manj unat h. sekhar @gi z. de
Anymapsusedi nt hedocumentar ef or i nf or mat i onalpur posesonl yanddonotconst i t ut e r ecogni t i onofi nt er nat i onalboundar i esorr egi ons; GI Zmakesnocl ai msconcer ni ngt heval i di t y , accur acyorcompl et enessoft hemapsnorassumes anyl i abi l i t yr esul t i ngf r om t heuseoft hei nf or mat i on t her ei n.
Sour ce:CoEUT,2021
AboutGUMP I ndi aandGer manyhavebeenpar t ner sf oroversi x decadesi nmaki ngur bandevel opmentpr oj ect s envi r onment f r i endl y .Tof ur t herdeepent hi s cooper at i on,i nNovember2019,t heMi ni st r yof Housi ng&Ur banAf f ai r s( MoHUA) ,t heGover nment ofI ndi aandt heGer manFeder alMi ni st r yf or Economi cCooper at i onandDevel opment( BMZ) si gnedaJoi ntDecl ar at i onofI nt entonGr eenUr ban Mobi l i t yPar t ner shi p( GUMP) .Bot hcount r i esagr eed t ocol l abor at emor ecl osel yt ot r ansf or m ur ban t r anspor tsyst emst hr oughmor eef f i ci ent , peopl ecent r i candl owcar bonmobi l i t ysol ut i ons. BMZi sf undi ngawi der angeofsust ai nabl eur ban mobi l i t yi nf r ast r uct ur ei mpr ovementmeasur essuch asci t y bust r anspor tsyst ems,t r ams,wat er t r anspor t ,cabl ecar s,nonmot or i sedt r anspor t ,and mul t i modali nt egr at i on.I naddi t i on,Deut sche Gesel l schaf tf ürI nt er nat i onal eZusammenar bei t GmbH( GI Z)i spr ovi di ngt echni calcooper at i ont o enhancet hecapaci t i esofnat i onal ,st at eandl ocal i nst i t ut i onsanddeci si onmaker sf ordesi gni ng sust ai nabl e,i ncl usi veandsmar tsol ut i onsf oreasy andaf f or dabl emobi l i t y .
Thei mpl ement at i onoft hi sagr eementi s accompani edbyapol i cydi al oguebet weent he I ndi anandGer mansi dest oachi eveef f ect i ve i nt er nat i onalcont r i but i onst of i ght i ngcl i mat echange j oi nt l y . AboutSUMACA Sust ai nabl eUr banMobi l i t y-Ai rqual i t y ,Cl i mat e act i on,Accessi bi l i t y( SUMACA)i si mpl ement edby Deut scheGesel l schaf tf ürI nt er nat i onal e Zusammenar bei t( GI Z)GmbHandt heMi ni st r yof Housi ngandUr banAf f ai r s( MoHUA) ,commi ssi oned byt heGer manFeder alMi ni st r yf orEconomi c Cooper at i onandDevel opment( BMZ) .Thepr oj ect obj ect i vei st oenabl enat i onal ,st at eandmuni ci pal i nst i t ut i onst opr omot ecl i mat eandenvi r onment al l y f r i endl y ,l owemi ssi onandsoci al l ybal ancedur ban mobi l i t ysyst ems.Thepr oj ecti spar toft heGr een Ur banMobi l i t yPar t ner shi pbet weenGer manyand I ndi a.
CONTENTS Abbr evi at i ons
04
I nt r oduct i on
07
CHAPTERONE
08
CHAPTERTWO
1 1
CHAPTERTHREE
26
CHAPTERFOUR
35
Summar y
42
ANNEXUREA
43
I mpor t anceofPr i or i t i si ngBuses f orI ndi anCi t i es TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ng Buses I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es
I l l ust r at i vebusst opandbusl ane desi gns
Sour ce:CoEUT,2021
I nt r oduct i on 07
I NTRODUCTI ON Thi sgui danc edoc umenti si nt endedt obr i ngi nt of oc ust headv ant agest hatac c r uet oa c i t i es ’c ommut er sand t he publ i ct r ans por tagenc i es ,wi t hi mpl ement i ng “ Pr i or i t yf or Buses”andi nt r oduc et ot her eader st hear r ayofmeas ur esf ors uc hpr i or i t i s at i onf eas i bl e i nanI ndi anc ont ex t . Theobj ect i veoft hi seas y t ous egui debooki st o: Enc our agec i t yof f i c i al sandpol i c y mak er st omai ns t r eam buspr i or i t yi nt oc i t y pl anni ngpr oc es ses . Gui dec i t yof f i c i al sandpol i c y mak esi nt ak i ngdec i s i onsr egar di ngpl anni ngand i mpl emant at i onofbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esi nt hei rc i t i es . Thegui debookhasbeenpr epar edpr i mar i l yf orc i t i es .Thet ar getaudi enc ec ons i s t sof: 1 Deci si onmaker s
Leader s&of f i ci al sofur banl ocal bodi esandpubl i ct r anspor tagenci es
2 Pr act i t i oner s
Tr anspor texper t swhowi l lpl an& i mpl ementt hebuspr i or i t ymeasur es
Thebust r anspor tmustessent i al l ybet hebedr ockof anyci t y’ sur banmobi l i t ysyst em. Keyf eat ur esofbust r anspor t 50peopl ei n1Bu svs40Car s Spaceef f i ci encywi t hr espectt opr i vat emode
Ker bsi debusl anesi mpl ement edwi t hser vi cel anesi nBengal ur u. Sour c e:ht t ps : / / www. dec c anher al d. c om/ c i t y / bengal ur ui nf r as t r uc t ur e/ bol l ar ds mar k i ngbus pr i or i t y l aneonout er r i ngr oadbei ngr emov ed1097438. ht ml
Connect sal lpar t s oft heci t y
Act sasaf eeder t or api dt r ansi t
Af f or dabl emode f orur banr esi dent s
Sust ai nabl e modeoft r avel
I mpor t anceofPr i or i t i si ngBusesf orI ndi anCi t i es 08
CHAPTERONE
NEED FORPRI ORI TI SI NG BUSESI NI NDI AN CI TI ES Chal l engesi nbusoper at i onsi nI ndi anci t i es Pr i v at ev ehi c l esi nI ndi anc i t i esar ei nc r eas i ngatanex ponent i alr at e,whi c hi sl eadi ngt ohi ghc onges t i onl ev el s.Tr af f i cs peeds ,andi nt ur n,t hes peedofbus esar e dec r eas i ngev er yy earwi t ht hei nc r eas i ngc onges t i on.Thi sr es ul t i ngi ni nc r eas i ngt r av elt i mesf orpas s enger s .Thedel ay saf f ec tt her el i abi l i t yoft hebuss er v i c eand r es ul ti nt her educ t i onofpubl i ct r ans por tmodes har e.Bas edont hees t i mat es ,Bengal ur uc oul dhav epot ent i al l ys av ed215t onnesofCO2 i n6y ear si ft her ewasno dec l i nei nr i der s hi p.
Pr i v at ev ehi c l egr owt h f r om 201218( 6y ear s )
Buss peedsr educ t i on f r om 201218( 6y ear s )
Addi t i onal t i mes penti n bust r av el perpas s enger pery ear( hour s )
DELHI
50%
13to 12. 5kmph
1 1hours
I NR
368Cr.
MUMBAI
50%
13to 10. 5kmph
42hours
I NR
559Cr.
BENGALURU
48%
15to 13kmph
59hours
CHENNAI
28%
20to 17kmph
26hours
Aver agebusspeedshasbeencal cul at ed f r om aver ageVehi cl eUt i l i sat i onf oryear 201213and201819CI RTr epor t s. Aver agest eer i nghour si sassumedas13 hour si naday .
Addi t i onalt r avelt i meest i mat edbased ondi f f er encei nt r avelspeed( 2013t o 2019-basedonr educt i oni nVU)and t hesamehasbeenconver t edi nt o hour sperannum perper son
Annual Ec onomi cLos sof pas s enger sdur i ng2018 ( Cr .I NRpery ear )
I NR
3, 153Cr.
I NR
833Cr.
Annualeconomi cl ossofpassenger si s cal cul cat edwi t hval ueofaddi t i onalt i me spentont r avel l i ng,whi chi sbasedonper capi t ai ncome( 2018)ofr espect i veci t i es and8hour sofwor ki ngt i mei naday
I mpor t anceofPr i or i t i si ngBusesf orI ndi anCi t i es 09
I mpactonbusoper at i ons
Lower i ngofbusspeedhasl edt osi gni f i cantr educt i oni nvehi cl eut i l i z at i onf r om 2012t o2018.Reduc edv ehi c l eut i l i z at i oni mpl i est hatbus agenc i es / oper at or shav et odepl oyaddi t i onalbus est oc at ert ot hegapi ns uppl yduet or educ eds peeds .Thi sr es ul t si naddi t i onalc os t si nt hef or m of c api t al c os t saswel l asoper at i onal c os t s .Bel owt abl ei l l us t r at esi mpac tofbusoper at i onsac r os sf ourc i t i es .
I mpac tonv ehi c l e ut i l i s at i on( %r educ t i on i ndai l yv ehi c l ek m) f r om 20122018
Es t i mat edbus est o mai nt ai nt hes ame v ehi c l ek m as2012
Appr oxc api t al i nv es t ment ( t obuyaddi t i onal bus es ) duet or educ t i oni ns peed andv ehi c l eut i l i s at i on ( Cr . –I NR)
Appr ox i mat eaddi t i onal annual manpowerc os tf or oper at i ngaddi t i onal bus es ( Cr .–I NR)
VU2012 t o VU2018
DELHI
170to 163
158
1 10
67
MUMBAI
171to 139
603
422
258
BENGALURU
201to 170
1006
704
216
CHENNAI
263to 231
448
313
165
Ther ei sr educt i oni nVehi cl eUt i l i sat i onf r om 201213t o201819asperCI RT r epor t s.I thasbeenassumedt hatt hi sr educt i oni spr edomi nant l y( notonl y) becauseofr educt i oni nspeedofbusesi nt heci t y .Ther ef or et her ei san addi t i onalr equi r ementofbusest omat cht hedesi r edsuppl yofvehi cl ekm.
Aver ageper sonnelcostperbusi scomput edf r om CI RT r epor tf oryear201819whi chhasbeenest i mat edf or addi t i onalbusesr equi r edannual l y .
I mpor t anceofPr i or i t i si ngBusesf orI ndi anCi t i es 10
How wi l lbuspr i or i t yhel pi ni mpr ovi ngbusser vi ces i nI ndi anci t i es?
Addi t i onal r evenuef l ow I ncr easedr i der shi p
PRI ORI TI SI NG BUSES Thec hal l engesf ac edbybus esduet ol ows peedsc anbe addr es s edbyi mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t ymeas ur es . Buspr i or i t ymeasur escanbedef i nedasasetof st r at egi esf ori mpr ovi ngbusspeedsl eadi ngt obet t er ef f i ci enci es,i mpr ovedbusser vi ces,andr educedcost s. Pi or i t i s i ngbus esi nAhmedabadandHubl i Dhar wadt hr ough BusRapi dTr as i tSy s t ems( BRTS) ,whi c hi st hehi ghes tl ev el ofbuspr i or i t y ,hasi nc r eas edt hes peedsofbus est o24k m/ hr and35k m/ hrr es pec t i v el y .
Upgr adat i onof busser vi ces
Reduces passenger t r avelt i me
I mpr ovesat t r act i veness &f aci l i t at esmodeshi f t
I ncr easedr el i abi l i t y ofbusser vi ces
Lower scongest i on Enhancesbus t r avel speed
I ncr easedvehi cl e ut i l i sat i on
Reduct i oni noper at i onal andmai nt enancecost s
Addi t i onal r evenuef l ow
I ncr easei nnumberofspar ebuses f ordepl oymentonvar i ousr out es
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 11
CHAPTERTWO
TYPESOFBUSPRI ORI TY MEASURES
Whatar et hedel aysf acedbybuses? Ther ear et hr eet y pesofdel ay sf ac edbybus es :
1
2
3
Del aysatt hebusst ops
Del aysatj unct i ons
Del aysduet omi xedt r af f i c i nl anes
Ti met ak enbypas s enger sf orboar di ng andal i ght i ngatbuss t opsandt het i me t ak enbyt hebust omer gei nandoutof t hemai nl anewhi l eac c es s i ngbuss t ops .
Bus eswai t i ngf orgr eens i gnal sat j unc t i ons( s i gnal del ay )andwai t i ng behi ndmi x edt r af f i ct oc l eart he j unc t i on( s i gnal queuedel ay . )
Reduc eds peedsasbus ess har el anes wi t hmi x edt r af f i cr es t r i c t i ngt hei rf r ee f l owsandt i met ak ent omer gei nand outofl anest oac c es sbuss t ops .
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 12
Buspr i or i t ymeasur escanbecl assi f i edi nt ot hr eemai ncat egor i esbasedont hedel ayt ar get edt or educe.
2 Junct i onpr i or i t i es
1 Busst oppr i or i t i es Reduc edel ay satbuss t opsbyf ac i l i t at i ng medi anl anemov ementofbus es , l ev el boar di ngandal i ght i ng,r at i onal i s i ng t henumberofbuss t ops ,andf ac i l i t at i ng of f boar dt i c k et i ng.
Reduc edel ay satj unc t i onsby pr ov i di ngdedi c at edqueui ngs pac ef or bus esandbyal t er i ngt r af f i cs i gnal st o f ac i l i t at epr i or i t ymov ementofbus es .
3 Busl anepr i or i t i es I mpr ov et hes peedofbus esal ongt her oads / s t r eetbygi v i ngt hem dedi c at edr oads pac eby r es er v i ngr oadl anesf orbus es .
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 13
Whatar et het ypesofbus pr i or i t ymeasur es? Var i ousbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esc anbeadopt edt or educ et hedel ayont het ar getar eas . Medi anBusLane
Typesofbuspr i or i t ymeasur es: Physi calSegr egat i onofl anes
A.Busst oppr i or i t i es A1
Medi anbuss t ops
A2
Buss t opr at i onal i z at i on
A3
Lev el boar di ng LevelBoar di ng
B.Junct i onpr i or i t i es B1
Queuej umper
B2
Buss i gnal pr i or i t y
C.Busl anepr i or i t i es C1
BusOnl ySt r eet
C2
BusLane
Medi anBusst op
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 14
A.BUSSTOPPRI ORI TI ES
A1.Medi anbusst ops Buss t opsar el oc at edal ongt hemedi ant oenabl ebus est opl yal ongt he medi anl anesandel i mi nat et heneedt oweav ei nandoutoft r af f i ct oac c es s k er bs i debuss t ops . Requi r esadequat eRoW att hebuss t opl oc at i ons . Si ngl emedi anbuss t opors t agger edmedi anbuss t opt o ac commodat ebus eswi t har i ght hands i dedooropeni ng. St agger edmedi anbuss t op( wi t hdes i gnv ar i at i ons )t o ac commodat ebus eswi t hal ef t hands i dedooropeni ng. Appr opr i at ebus eswi t hmul t i pl ewi dedoor sandmat c hi ngf l oor hei ghtt ot hemedi anbuss t opf l oorhei ghtt of ac i l i at eeas yboar di ng andal i ght i ng. Buss t opdes i gnshoul dac c ommodat ef oreas ypas s engerf l owsi n andoutoft hebuss t opandal l oc at es uf f i c i ents pac ef orwai t i ng ar ea. Si ngl emedi anbuss t opsc anbeus edwher eRoW i swi dert han24m,s o t hatt her ei senough s pac et o ac c ommodat e dedi c at ed busonl y l anes , f oot pat handt wol anemi x edt r af f i cc ar r i agewayonei t hers i deoft hebus s t at i on.St agger edmedi anbuss t opsc anbeus edwher eRoW i sl es st han 24m butgr eat ert han19. 5m.
Si ngl eMedi anBusSt op( AhmedabadBRTS)
Sour c e:Pl anni ng,des i gnanddev el opmentt ofBRTbyCRDF
Si ngl emedi anbusst opatJunct i on
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 15
Typesofbuspr i or i t ymeasur es Thef l owc har tbel owi l l us t r at est hev ar i ouspos s i bl et y pesofmi dbl oc kandj unc t i onbuss t at i onsbas edonr oadwi dt hsandbusdoorc onf i gur at i on. Thedet ai l eddes i gn dr awi ngsoff ol l owi ngt y pesòfmedi anbuss t opsar egi v eni nAnnex ur eA. Roadwi dt hs
19. 5m
Busdoorconf i gur at i on
Pl acementofbusmedi anbusst op
Typeofmedi anbusst op
AtJunct i on
St agger edbusst op
AtMi dBl ock
St agger edbusst op
AtJunct i on
St agger edbusst op
AtMi dBl ock
St agger edbusst op
Ri ghthandsi de dooropeni ng
Lef thandsi de dooropeni ng
24m and above AtJunct i on Ri ghthandsi de dooropeni ng AtMi dBl ock
St agger edbusst op Si ngl ebusst op St agger edbusst op Si ngl ebusst op
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 16
A2.Busst opr at i onal i sat i on
A3.Levelboar di ng
Reduc i ng t he numberofbus s t ops whi c hi nt ur nr educ es del ay s as soc i at edwi t hent r y / ex i tatt hes t opands t oppaget i me.
Thi shel pst or emov et hes t epdowndi s t anc eandgapbet weenv ehi c l ef l oor and buss t op pl at f or m enabl i ng uni v er s alac c es s i bi l i t y ,eas i erand f as t er pas s engerboar di ng and al i ght i ng,l eadi ng t or educ t i on i n buss t oppage t i me.
Buss t opst hatar ec l os el ys pac edorunder ut i l i s edc anber el oc at ed orel i mi nat edbas edonpas s engerdemand. Buss t opswi t hpoorpas s engerac c es sduet oi nadequat ebuss t op i nf r as t r uc t ur e ordel ay si n bus t i me s houl d be c ons i der ed.The r at i onal i s at i onofbuss t opsi ss i gni f i c ant l yi mpac t edbyf ac t or sl i k e t he l and us e ar ound and t he di s t anc et ot he nextbus s t op. Pas s engerac c es ss houl dbepl annedt omi ni mi s ewal ki ngdi s t anc e. Thei deals pac i ngbet weenbuss t opmay bec ons i der edt obe300500m apar tdependi ngons i t ec ons i der at i ons .
Busboar di ngpl at f or msc anber ai s edorl ower edt omat c hbusf l oor hei ght . Dr i v ert r ai ni ng i sr equi r ed t ot r ai n dr i v er st o doc kbus espr oper l yt o r educ et hegapbet weenav ehi c l ef l oorands t oppl at f or m. Pr ocur ebus eswi t hs uf f i c i entnumberofwi dedoor sandmat c hi ngt he f l oorhei ghtt ot hef l oorhei ghtofbuss t opt of ac i l i t at eeas yboar di ng andal i ght i ng.
Whi l er at i onal i s at i on,onemayal s oc ons i dert ol oc at et hebuss t op atj unc t i onormi dbl oc k .Loc at i ngatmi dbl ockmayr es ol v ei s s ues ofqueuei ngatj unc t i onandpedes t r i anc r os s i ng. mt s 200
300
100
200
100
350
Hi ghdens i t yar eas
Bef or ebusst opr at i onal i sat i on:Cl osel yspacedbusst ops
300
400
300
500
mt s
Hi ghdens i t yar eas
Af t erbusst opr at i onal i sat i on:Mi ni mum Busst opsatpl annedi nt er val s
Levelboar di ngatBusst op
Sour ce:Tr ansi tSt r eetDesi gnGui de
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 17
B.JUNCTI ONPRI ORI TI ES
B1.Queuej umper Thes ear ededi c at edl anest hats epar at ebus esf r om mi x edt r af f i catj unc t i ons andal l ow t hem t oc omet ot hef r ontoft hequeue.Thi spr ov i despr ef er ent i al t r eat mentt obus esandhel pt hem mov eaheadmi x edt r af f i c . Queuej umperwi t hbuss i gnal pr i or i t yc anbei nt r oduc edatj unc t i ons wher ebus esar ebei nghel dupi nmi x edt r af f i candf ac el ongdel ay s . Res t r i c t i onsont her i ghtt ur normi x edt r af f i cl anemayber equi r ed t hr oughbuss i gnal pr i or i t y . T o ens ur e ex c l us i v e us e ofQueue j umper ,s i gnage and r oad mar k i ngsar er equi r edal ongwi t hs t r i c tenf or c ement .
AhmedabadBRTScr eat i nganexampl ef orQueuej umper Sour ce:Pl anni ng,desi gnanddevel opmentofBRTbyCRDF
Queuej umperatj unct i on
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 18
B2.Bussi gnalpr i or i t y Buss i gnalpr i or i t yi sus edt or educ edel ayf orbus esatj unct i onsbypr ov i di ng busonl ys i gnal .Thi si sdonet y pi c al l ybyex t endi nggr eent i met opr omot et he uni nt er r upt edf l owofbus es . I mpl ement edatj unc t i ons ,wher el ongt r af f i cs i gnalc y c l esar et hemaj or s our c eofdel ay . Shoul dbepai r edwi t hqueuej umperf ormax i mum benef i t . BRTSi gnalPr i or i t yi nAhmedabad
Tr ans i ts i gnal pr i or i t yc anbedi v i dedas : IPas s i v et r ans i ts i gnal pr i or i t y I IAc t i v et r ans i ts i gnal pr i or i t y
64sGr eenLi ght 4sYel l owl i ght
IPassi veTr ansi tSi gnalPr i or i t y Thepas s i v et r ans i ts i gnal pr i or i t y ,t r af f i cs i gnal t i mi ngsar epr epr ogr ammedt o gi v epr i or i t yt obus es ,ens ur i ngbus est opr oc eedwi t houtanyi nt er f er enc ef r om gener al t r af f i c . I nAhmedabad,89pas s i v ebuss i gnal wer ei ns t al l edatj unc t i onsdur i ngi t s i mpl ement at i onal ongBRTc or r i dorandi tpr ov i desgr eens i gnalf orbus es af t erev er yt wophas eswhi c hr educ eswai tt i meby50%.
24sGr eenLi ght
64sGr eenLi ght 4sYel l owl i ght
Suc hs i gnal sc anbepr ov i dedf orj unc t i onswi t hf r equenc yofbusf r om 2t o 5mi nut es .
28sGr eenLi ght 4sYel l owl i ght
BusSi gnal satmaj orj unct i onsal ongBRTcor r i dor ,Ahmedabad
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 19
B2.Bussi gnalpr i or i t y I IAct i vet r ansi tsi gnalpr i or i t y J unc t i onswi t hac t i v es i gnal sf orbus espr ov i degr eenphas easi tappr oac hes t hei nt er s ec t i onwi t ht heus eofbusdet ec t i ons y s t em ands i gnal c ont r ol l ert hat ar ei nt egr at edwi t ht r af f i cmanagements y s t em.
Var i oust y peofAc t i v eSi gnal Phas i ngt ec hnol ogi esar e: Gr eenExt ensi on:
Gr een phas e i s ex t ended whent hebus esappr oac ht he i nt er s ec t i on.
Ear l yGr eenPhase:
Si gnal t ur ns gr een ear l i er t han nor mal when a bus appr oac hest hes i gnal .
Sour ce:Tr ansi tSt r eetDesi gnGui de,Nat i onal Associ at i onofCi t yTr anspor tOf f i ci al s
PhaseRot at i on
Thes equenc eofs i gnal sar e s huf f l edf orpr i or i t i z i ngbus es . But ,t hi sc r eat ec onf us i oni n gener al t r af f i c .
Ful l yAct uat edSi gnal
Ther e ar e no f i x ed c y c l e l engt hs , i ns t ead, t hes e phas es ar ec al l ed onl yi fa t r ans i tv ehi c l ei spr es ent .
I mpl ement at i on ofac t i v es i gnalpr i or i t yr equi r esc al i br at i on oft he s i gnal ac cor di ngt ol oc alf ac t or ss uc hast hef r equenc yofbus esandt het r af f i c c ondi t i ons .Somec as esofgr ant i ngpr i or i t yi nAc t i v eSi gnal ar e: I nBar c el ona,r eques t sar egr ant edonl ywhent r af f i cc ondi t i onsar egood. Act i veTr ansi tSi gnalcombi nedwi t hQueueJumper
Thebusdet ec t i ons y s t em c ommuni c at est os i gnal c ont r ol l ert omodi f yand opt i mi z et he r unni ng s i gnalc y c l et ot ur n gr een when t he bus es appr oac hest hej unc t i on. J unc t i onswi t hf r equenc yofbusmor et han5mi nut ess hal lbeequi pped wi t hvehi c l eac t uat eds i gnal sf orenabl i ngr educ t i oni nt r av el t i me.
I nDubl i n,pr i or i t yi sgi v ent oonl yt hos ebus eswhi c har er unni ngl at e. I nLondon,s ec ondbuspr i or i t yi spr ov i dedonl yaf t ert het r af f i cnor mal i s es . Manyc i t i eshav eobs er v edt hatt oomanypr i or i t yr eques t satpeakhour mak esi tdi f f i c ul tf ort hes y s t em t oas s es swhi c hr eques ts houl dgetpr i or i t y ov erot her . Sour ce:I dent i f i cat i onandManagementofBusPr i or i t ySchemes,I mper i alCol l egeofLondon
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 20
C.BUSLANEPRI ORI TI ES
C1.BusLane Ex c l us i v el anesar er es er v edf orbus esont her oad,whi l et her es toft he l anesar eus edbymi x edt r af f i c .Benef i t soft hebusl anesar ehi gher wheni mpl ement edonc or r i dor swi t hhi ghf r equenc ybuss er v i c esand f ac i ngc onges t i ons . Busl anesmaybel oc at edal ongt hemedi anork er bs i deoft her oad andbuss t opspl ac edwher eappr opr i at eonanet wor k . Medi anork er bs i del anec anbepl anneddependi ngont her oad net wor kandRoW hav i ngs er v i c el anef ac i l i t i es . Lanesmaybeus edbyemer genc yv ehi c l ess uc hasambul anc es , f i r eengi nes ,et c . Busl anesmay bephy s i c al l ys egr egat edf r om mi x edt r af f i cus i ng bol l ar ds ,f enc i ng,k er bs ,et c . Busonl yl anesc anal s obei mpl ement edaspeak hourl aneswher et hebus l anesc anbeus edbymi x edt r af f i cout s i deofs pec i f i edpeakhour s .Thi si s howev ernotadv i s edi nt heI ndi anc ont ex tduet oc hal l engesi nenf or c ement .
Medi anbusonl yl ane
Sour c e:Ur banSt r eetDes i gnGui de
Ker bbusonl yl ane
Sour c e:ht t ps : / / ar c hi v e. c ur bed. c om
Medi anbusl ane-Thel aneal ongt hemedi ani sr es er v edf orbus es .
S E RVI CEROAD
S E RVI CEROAD
Ker bbusl ane-Thel ef t mos tl aneal ongt hek er bi sr es er v edf orbus es . Howev er ,k er bs i del anesar eaf f ec t edbypr oper t yac c es s ,ons t r eetpar k i ng, l ef tt ur ns ,et c .andc oul dbec ompl ecat edt odes i gnqueuej umper sandbus pr i por i t ys i gnal si nI ndi anc ont ex t .Henc e,k er bbusl anesar enotadv i s edi n I ndi anc i t i es .I ti sonl ypos s i bl ei nc as eswher et her ear es er v i c er oadswher e k er bs i del anesf unc t i ons moot hl yasi nc as eofbusl anesi mpl ement edi n Bengal ur u.
Medi anbusl ane
Ker bbusl ane
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 21
C2.BusOnl ySt r eet Busonl ys t r eet sar es t r eet sr es er v eds ol el yf ort hemov ementofbuses . Theyar eus ual l yal l ot t edonnar r ows t r eet swi t hhi ghbusv ol umesorona s ect i onofr oadf ort hebust ot ak eas hor t erdi r ec tr out e.I ti sus ual l y i mpl ement ed i nc onges t ed i nnerorol dc i t yar easwher e ot hert r af f i c i s / c anber es t r i c t ed. Ex i s t i ngs t r eet smayneedt ober epur pos ed.T oacc ommodat ea onewaybusr oadwayandaf oot pat honbot hs i des ,t heRoW s houl d beatl eas t7. 1m. Si gnagef orc l eari ndi c at i onofent r yper mi tonl yf orbus ,t i meof oper at i ons ,andanal t er nat er out ef orot herv ehi c l esneeded. Separ at ev ehi c ul arac c es sf r om anot hers i de may need t o be pr ov i dedf orr es i dent i al andc ommer c i al bui l di ngs . Busonl ys t r eet sc anbec ons i der edf ors hor tr oads egment s ,t o r educ ei nc onv eni enc e,wher ebusf r equenc yi shi gh. Ther es houl dal s obeanal t er nat er out ef ormi x edt r af f i ct opl ywhen c er t ai nr oadsar ec onv er t edt obusonl ys t r eet s .
BusOnl ySt r eet
Sour c e:ht t ps : / / www. ni di r ec t . gov . uk / ar t i c l es / bus l anes andbus onl y s t r eet s
Busonl ys t r eet
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 22
LEARNI NGSFROM I NTERNATI ONALCASESTUDI ES Buspr i or i t ymeas ur eshav ebeenadopt edbyv ar i ousc i t i esac r os st hewor l dpr ov i ng benef i c i ali ni mpr ov i ng buss er v i c es .Thes ec i t i esex panded and i mpr ov ed t hei rbus pr i or i t ymeas ur esov ert hey ear st hr oughadi v er s er angeofpol i c yanddes i gnc hoi c es . Fewc as es t udi eshav ebeeni l l us t r at edher e:
London,Uni t edKi ngdom Bust ur ni ngl ane&Busst op
Sour c e: ht t ps : / / l ondr agaz et e. c om/ engl i s h/ 205304/ t hef ul l l i s t of t henew247l ondonb us l anes /
Ar ea-1, 572km² Popul at i on-90l akhs( 2021)
Busonl yl ane–separ at ed
Sour c e: ht t ps : / / l ondr agaz et e. c om/ engl i s h/ 205304/ t hef ul l l i s t of t henew247l ondonb us l anes /
Measur es
Busonl yl anes–pai nt edr ed
Sour c e: ht t ps : / / f ut ur et r ans por t news . c om/ 24hour bus l anes t r i al s et t obec omeper ma nent i nl ondon/
29% ofbusnet wor khasdedi c at edbusl anes . 25% ofbusnet wor khasbuspr i or i t yl anesr es er v edf or12hour sperday . 54% ofbusnet wor khaspeakhourbusl anes . 30% oft r af f i cs i gnal sar eequi ppedwi t ht r af f i cs i gnal pr i or i t y . 95% ofv i ol at i onsar es uc c es s f ul l ydet ec t edbyenf or c ement .
Benef i t s
Londonboas t sofoneoft hemos tc ompr ehens i v ebuspr i or i t ys y s t emsi nt hewor l d. Londonhasanunus ual l ydec ent r al i z edappr oac ht obusl aneadmi ni s t r at i on.I nor dert o dr awi nmor epeopl eandr eac hnetz er oby2030,Tr ans por tf orLondon( Tf L)dev el opeda l ongt er m pl anf orbus esi nMar c h2022.Tf L’ sBusac t i onpl anf oc usonf i v ear eas-An i nc l us i v e c us t omer ex per i enc e, s af et y and s ec ur i t y , Fas t er j our ney s ,I mpr ov ed c onnec t i onsanddec ar boni s at i onandc l i mat er es i l i enc e.
r i s ef or ec as t edi nbus demandby2020/ 21
7%
i . e8. 3mi l l i oni n2013 t o9. 4mi l l i oni n2023
nut es 1 0mi anav er age dec r eas ei n t r av el t i me
Sour ce:I Shar edUseBusPr i or i t yLanesonCi t ySt r eet s:CaseSt udi esi nDesi gnandManagement ,2012 Debor ahMundy ,Apr i l2017 ht t ps: / / www. i mper i al . ac. uk/ medi a/ i mper i al col l ege/ r esear chcent r esandgr oups/ cent r ef or t r anspor t st udi es/ r t sc/ TheI dent i f i cat i onandManagement of BusPr i or i t ySchemesRTSCApr i l 2017_I SBN9781526206930. pdf ht t ps: / / nact o. or g/ docs/ usdg/ shar ed_use_bus_pr i or i t y_l anes_on_ci t y_st r eet s_agr awal . pdf
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 23
Si ngapor e Ar ea-728. 6km² Popul at i on-59l akhs( 2021)
Bust ur ni ngl ane&Buspr i or i t ybox
I n Si ngapor e,bus es ar et he maj ormode oft he publ i ct r ans por t at i on s y s t em.The c at c hmentar easoft hebusnet wor kar ev er yex t ens i v ewi t hal mos t90% oft hepopul at i on l i v i ngwi t hi n300m oft hebuss t op.I n2005,Tr ans i tPr i or i t yCor r i dor s( TPCs )net wor kof 23k m wasi nt r oduc edi nt hec i t yc ent r e.Cur r ent l y ,a21. 5k m TPC( Nor t hSout hCor r i dor f r om Woodl andst ot hec i t y )i sbei ngdev el oped.I ti sSi ngapor e' sf i r s ti nt egr at edt r ans por t c or r i dorwi t hc ont i nuousbusl anesandNMTr out es .
Measur es
Ker bs i debusl anesandt r af f i cs i gnal pr i or i t yc al l edBs i gnal swer ei mpl ement ed. TPCsar ec ombi nedwi t hs ev er al f or msofbuspr i or i t ymeas ur es ,s uc hasbus l anes ,bus onl yr oads ,ands i gnal pr i or i t yf orbus es . 332buss t opsequi ppedwi t hbuspr i or i t ybox est i l l Mar c h2016. 28. 9% di pi nbusl aneof f ens esduet os t r i c tenf or c ementi nt hel as ts i xy ear s . Enf or c ementi sdoneus i ngv ehi c l edet ec t or s ,r adi oant ennasandenf or c ement c amer as .
Benef i t s
Busl anes–f ordayt i me
62%
dec r eas ei npas s enger s boar di ngt i me
Sour c e-ht t ps : / / www. wi t pr es s . c om/ Sec ur e/ el i br ar y / paper s / 9781853127991/ 9781853127991007FU1. pdf ht t p: / / www. eol s s . net / s ampl ec hapt er s / c 14/ E1180604. pdf
Busonl yl ane–i nRedpai nt edbel t Sour c e-ht t ps : / / www. l t a. gov . s g/ c ont ent / l t agov / en/ who_we_ar e/ our _wor k / publ i c _t r ans por t _s y s t em/ bus / bus _pr i or i t y _s c hemes . ht ml
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 24
Seoul ,Sout hKor ea Ar ea-605. 2km² Popul at i on-97. 6l akhs( 2021)
BusSt opwi t hPI S
Seoulhasbuspr i or i t yl anenet wor kofabout205k m mak i ngi toneoft hel ar ges ti nt he wor l d.I ni t i al l y ,t hec i t yi mpl ement eddedi c at edk er bs i del anef orbus esbutex per i enc ed bust r af f i ci nt er r upt i onsbyi l l egalr oads i depar k i ng,r i ghtt ur ni ngandev enmi x edt r af f i c us i ngt hebusl ane.Henc e,dedi c at edmedi ans i debusl aneswer ees t abl i s hedi n1996 whi c hhast henc ont i nuous l ygr ownbyanav er ageof15k m pery ear . Thes ededi c at edbus l anesar edemar c at edbydi f f er ent i at edpav ementc ol or ,mar k i ngsands i gnsandnotwi t h f i x edphy s i c al bar r i er s .
Measur es
Ex c l us i v emedi anbusl anesar ei noper at i onon12c or r i dor s( 134k m) .
Thr eet y pesofbusl anesi . e.medi anl anewi t hbuss t ops ,k er bs i depeakhour andk er bs i deday t i mel anesar epar toft hebuspr i or i t ynet wor k . Far ec ol l ec t i oni sdoneus i ngas mar tc ar d. Buspr i or i t ys y s t emsus ear t i c ul at edl owf l oorbus eswi t hCNG f uel .
Benef i t s
Desi gnat edbusl ane
4 % t o 7 % i nc r eas ei nav er age
30%
Sour c e-Seoul Ur banSol ut i onsAgenc ySUSA,2017 Shar edUs eBusPr i or i t yLanesonCi t ySt r eet s :Cas eSt udi esi nDes i gnandManagement ,2012 ht t p: / / s us a. or . k r / en/ c ont ent / br t ?c k at t empt =1 ht t ps : / / nac t o. or g/ doc s / us dg/ s har ed_us e_bus _pr i or i t y _l anes _on_c i t y _s t r eet s _agr awal . pdf
Busonl ymedi anl ane
6X
i mpr ov ementi nav er age mor epas s enger s peedofbus esf r om about onBRTal ongt he numberofpas s enger sas s 15k m/ hbef or et he medi anl aneas c ompar edt or i der s hi p ngoft hel anest o c ompar edt oot herl anes bef or ei mpl ement at i onof openi about20k m/ h i nt hes amec or r i dor buspr i or i t ymeas ur es
TypesofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es 25
Measur es
St r at egi es
Reducedel ays atbusst op
Reducedel ays atj unct i ons
Reducedel ays duet omi xed t r af f i ci nl anes
CaseCi t i es
Buspr i or i t yat busst at i ons
Lev el Boar di ng
Ahmedabad,Sur at ,Hubl i Dhar wad
Buss t opr at i onal i z at i on ( Buss t ops pac i ng/ Rebal anc i ng)
Hubl i Dhar wad,Por t l and
Buspr i or i t yat j unct i ons
Queuej umper
Chi c ago,NewYor k
Tr ans i tSi gnal Pr i or i t y ( TSP)
Ahmedabad,Hubl i Dhar wad, Si ngapor e
BusLane St r at egi es
BusOnl ys t r eet
NewYor k ,Bi r mi ngham
BusOnl yLane( BOL)
T ai pei ,Was hi ngt onDC
a.Ker bs i debusl ane
Bengal ur u,Si ngapor e,London
b.Medi ans i debus l ane
Ahmedabad,Sur at ,Hubl i Dhar wad, I ndor e
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 26
CHAPTERTHREE
DECI SI ON MAKI NG FRAMEWORKFORBUSPRI ORI TI SATI ON Ci t i escont empl at i ngbusser vi ce i mpr ovement sar ef acedwi t hsome i mpor t antquest i onssuchas:
Ci t i eshavi ngbusser vi cesorpl anni ngt oi nt r oducebust r anspor tsyst emsmustconsi derbuspr i or i t y measur esandi nt egr alt ot hei rsyst em desi gn.
Thebestt i mei snow!
Whatbenef i t s,i st heci t yl i kel yt o achi evewi t ht hei nt r oduct i onofbus pr i or i t ymeasur es? Howt oshor t l i stt henet wor kf or i mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t y? Howt oi dent i f ypr i or i t ycor r i dor st o i nt er venef i r st ? Whatbuspr i or i t ymeasur esshoul dbe consi der edf ori mpl ement at i on? Thi schapt erwi l lel abor at eon t hesemaj ordeci si onar easf or i mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t ymeasur es.
Benef i t sofi mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t ycanber eapedanyt i me
Pl anni ngf r amewor kf ori mpl ement at i onofbuspr i or i t ymeasur es t hr oughphasedappr oach 1
2
3
4
Ci t yl ev el benef i t as ses s ment
Buspr i or i t ynet wor k i dent i f i c at i on
Phas i ngofbus pr i or i t yc or r i dor s
Sel ec t i onofbus pr i or i t ymeas ur es
St ak ehol der c ons ul t at i onf or net wor kmappi ng andi dent i f i c at i on
Cor r i dor as ses s mentbas ed onphy s i c al c har ac t er i s t i c s , pas s enger demand,net wor k per f or manc e
Ev al uat i onof al t er nat i v ebus pr i or i t ymeas ur es wi t hr es pec tt o t r av el t i mebenef i t s
Ov er al l benef i t s es t i mat i on bas edonnet wor k ands y s t em c har ac t er i s t i c s
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 27
Whatbenef i t s,i st heci t yl i kel yt oachi evewi t ht hei nt r oduct i onofbuspr i or i t ymeasur es? Theappl i c at i onofbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esac r os sapubl i ct r ans i tnet wor kwi l l i ndi c at eas i gni f i c antbenef i ti nt er msofoper at i onsandf orpas s enger s .T ohel pwi t hbenef i t as ses s ment ,under“ SUMACA”pr oj ec tofGI ZI ndi a,hasdev el opedaBusPr i or i t yBenef i tEs t i mat i onT ool t ounder s t andt hewei ght ageofi mpl ement at i onofmeas ur es f ort heent i r ebuss y s t em. Li nkt ot het ool :ht t ps : / / c r df . or g. i n/ c r df r es our c es / bus pr i or i t y benef i t es t i mat i ont ool
I nput sf orbenef i test i mat i on Tr ansi tNet wor kChar act er i st i cs Nameoft hes y s t em Net wor kLengt h Lengt hoft henet wor kwi t hROW <=19. 5m Countofex i s t i ngBusSt opsandJ unc t i ons No.ofBuss t opsaf t err at i onal i z at i on Fl eetSi z e No.ofRout es Pr edomi nantbusandf uel t y pe
Sel ect i onofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es Thef ol l owi ngar et hes t r at egi esi nc l udedi nt het ool t ot ak edec i s i onsonef f ec t i v ebuspr i or i t ymeas ur es f ort henet wor kandc or r i dor .
1
BusSt opRat i onal i z at i on Rat i onal i s at i onoft hebuss t opsorr educi ngt henumberofbuss t opswi l l r es ul ti nl es s er s t oppages ,henc er educ i ngt het r av el t i me.
2
I mpr ovementofSi gnal i z edJunct i onwi t hqueuej umperandsi gnalpr i or i t y Cons i der at i onoft r ans i tappr oac hl anewi t ht her epur pos i ngofs i gnal phas i ngf orhi gh f r equenc ybuss er v i c eandv ehi c l eac t uat eds i gnal i ngf orl owf r equenc ys er v i c ec ans how r educ t i oni ndel ayats i gnal i z edj unc t i ons .
3
Shi f t i ngBusSt opst oMedi an Medi anbuss t opsc anbeac c ommodat edonc or r i dor swi t hRoW gr eat ert hanorequal t o 19. 5m.Themedi anbuss t opsc anbepai r edwi t hl ev el boar di ngs hal l r es ul ti nar educ t i on i ndel ay satbuss t ops .
4
Reser vat i onofMedi anLaneexcl usi vel yf orBus Res er v at i onofmedi ant r af f i cl anesonl yf orbus eswi l l ens ur es moot hoper at i onof hi ghf r equenc ys er v i c eal ongc onges t edr oadswi t hi mpr ov ementi nr unni ngt i me.
BusOper at i onChar act er i st i cs Del ayatBusSt opsandJ unc t i ons * Av er ageSpeedofBus /Tr av el Ti me* Av er ageVehi c l eUt i l i z at i onofabusi naday Av er agePas s engerTr i pLengt h Rev enueperpas s enger Ser vi c eHour s LoadFac t or * Val ues shal l be comput ed t hr ough speed and del ay assessmentbyphysi calsur veyorbasedonGPS dat abase acr ossvar i ousbuscor r i dor si nt heci t y .Ther emai ni ngi nput s shal lbe pr ovi ded i n consul t at i on wi t ht he publ i ct r anspor t agency/oper at or .
* Gener al l y ,57mi nut esheadwaysar eappl i edt ohi ghf r equencyser vi cesi nur banar eas.
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 28
Ci t yl evelbenef i tassessment-AcaseofAhmedabad Bas edont hei nputdat a,t het ooli l l us t r at est heoper at i onalandpas s engerbenef i t swi t hr es pec tt ov ar i ousbuspr i or i t ymeas ur es .Thet abl ebel ow s howc as est he i mpac tofbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esov ert het r ans i tnet wor ki nAhmedabad.
I nputonSyst em Char act er i st i cs
ons i t unc edj s i gnal i No.ofs
261
ons i t unc edj s i gnal i s No.ofun-
350
mph) k heBus( g.Speedoft Av
17
e z eetSi Fl
870
m nk oni i at z i l i eUt l c g.Vehi Av
180
pe y nantbust edomi Pr
CNG di Mi
enger s enue/Pas Rev
12
s eHour c vi Ser
18
or t LoadFac
6 0.
Aver ageTr avel Speedi nkm/ hr .
982
Avg.Cost perkm
er t opsaf t No.ofbuss on i at s i onal i at r
Ri der shi p ( I nt housands)
2401
Passenger Benef i t
Avg.Vehi cl e Ut i l i sat i on
ops No.ofBusSt
Oper at i onalBenef i t s
180
445
62. 8
16
Scenar i o1
198
488
59. 4
17. 6
Scenar i o2
186
461
61. 5
16. 6
Scenar i o3
194
479
60. 1
17. 2
Scenar i o4
223
551
55. 2
19. 8
Cur r ent Scenar i o
Wi t houtBusPr i or i t yMeasur es
Reser vat i onof Lanef orBus
289
Shi f t i ngBus St opst ot he Medi an
h t kwi wor henet hoft Lengt h dt 5m wi <=19.
I mpr ovementof Si gnal i sed Junct i on
780
BusSt op Rat i onal i sat i on
m) k h( kLengt wor Net
St r at egi es
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 29
How t oi dent i f ypr i or i t ycor r i dor st oi nt er venef i r st ? Whatar et hepar amet er susedf orphasi ngofcor r i dor s? Dec i s i ononphas i ngi si mpor t antdur i ngi mpl ement at i on.Pot ent i al c or r i dor sof f er i ngt hehi ghes tbenef i ts houl dbei mpl ement edf i r s tt ohav el ar gerv i s i bi l i t yofbenef i t s . Apr ec ondi t i ont oi mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esi st hatt he c or r i dorwi dt hs houl dbeat l eas t19. 5m. Cor r i dor sc anbei dent i f i edus i ngt hef ol l owi ngpar amet er s : 1.Lengt hoft hecor r i dor–km 2.Per cent ageoft hel engt hoft hecor r i dorwi t hbusf l ows( buses/peakhour )>=12buses/hr 3.Passengerboar di ng/km/day 4.Exi st i ngbusspeedont hecor r i dor–kmph I .LENGTHOFTHECORRI DOR
I I .PERCENTAGEOFTHELENGTHOFTHECORRI DOR WI THBUSFLOWS Numberofbusesperr out eperhour
Lengt hoft hecor r i dori nkm
Road maps wi t h RoW av ai l abl e wi t h t he c i t y admi ni s t r at i on. Can al s o be c al c ul at ed f r om t he Googl e Ear t h appl i c at i on.I ns omec as es ,wi dt hc ons t r ai nt sf ors hor t s ect i onsmayex i s t ,andt hedec i s i onont het y peof pr i or i t ymeas ur eswoul dneedt obet ak enac c or di ngl y .
Bus f l ows ar et he numberofbus es mov i ng i n a par t i c ul ar c or r i dor / r oadi nuni tt i me( hour ) .Cor r i dor swi t hbusf l owgr eat er t han orequalt o 12 bus es perhourmus tbe i dent i f i ed as hi ghf r equenc ybusf l owf ort hepr edomi nat er oads egment . Cor r i dor swi t ht hehi ghes tbusf l owsandmeet i ngr oadwi dt h r equi r ement s( s houl dbec ons i der edi nt hef i r s tphas es ot hat t he benef i t sofbuspr i or i t yc an be r eaped byt he max i mum numberofbus esandpas s enger sus i ngt hem.
Dat aSour ce
Dat aSour ce
Ac or r i dormus tbe ofs uf f i c i entl engt hf ori mpl ement i ng bus l anes s ot hatbus es c an pl ys moot hl yf orl ongerdi s t anc es . Longercor r i dor ss houl dbepr i or i t i s edf ori mpl ement at i onofbus pr i or i t yl anes .
I nput sf r om busagenc yon hi gh c onc ent r at i on of buss er v i c es . Busf r equenc y / buss c hedul edat aav ai l abl ewi t hbus agenc y / oper at or i ndi c at i ng number of bus es oper at i ngonapar t i c ul arr out eperhour ,mayal s obe ov er l ai dont her oadnet wor kus i ngGI S. Al t er nat i v el y ,r api das s es mentt hr oughbusc ount s onmaj orc or r i dor sc oul dbeunder t ak en.
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 30
I I I .PASSENGERBOARDI NG
I V.EXI STI NG BUSSPEEDONTHECORRI DOR
Passengerboar di ngsperki l omet erper dayf oracor r i dor / r out e Pas s engert hr oughputi st henumberofpeopl emov i ngt hr ough t hec or r i dor . Cor r i dor swi t hhi ghpas s engert hr oughputs houl dbes el ec t edas pr i or i t yar eaast hi swi l l benef i tmax i mum pas s enger sandr educ e t hei rt r av el t i me.
Exi st i ngspeedoncor r i dori nki l omet erperhour Cor r i dor s wi t h l ow bus s peeds may be pr i or i t i s ed f or i mpl ement at i onofbuspr i or i t ymeasur es .Thi swi l lhel pr educ e pas s engert r av el t i meandi mpr ov eopar at i onal ef f i c i enc y . Tr af f i cj unc t i onswi t hl ongs i gnalphas eswher ebus esf ac el ong del ay ss houl d al s o be pr i or i t i s ed ov erot herj unc t i ons as t hi s af f ec t sbuss peeds .
El ec t r oni ct i c k et i ngmac hi ne( ETM)dat aav ai l abl e wi t hbusagenc y / oper at or . Ri der s hi pc anbees t i mat edbyc ol l ec t i ngdat aon numberofpas s enger sonbuspr i or i t yr out esf r om bus oper at or s .El ec t r oni ct i c k et i ng mac hi ne dat a c anal s obeus edt oobt ai ns t at i s t i c sonpas s enger s i nc l udi ngr i der s hi p.
Googl eMapmaypr ov i dei ndi c at i onofl ows peedor c onges t i onaf f ec t edc or r i dor s .However ,buss peed woul dhav et obec omput ed.
Dat aSour ce
Dat aSour ce
Si mi l ar l y ,buss t opswi t hhi ghnumberofboar di ngandal i ght i ng maybes el ec t edaspr i or i t yar eaf ori mpl ement i ngbuss t oppr i or i t y meas ur es .
Aut omat i cVehi c l eLoc at i onSy s t em ( AVLS)dat aof obs er v edr unt i mesbet weenanyt wol oc at i ons( s t op pai r s ,t i mepoi nt s,orr out eendpoi nt s )t oc al c ul at e t r av el t i mesands peed. Byc onduc t i ngs peedanddel ays ur v ey st omeas ur e t i me( i nc l udi ngdel ay s )t ak ent oc ompl et eat r i pon boar d( anav er ageof5t r i psont hes amer out ec an bes ur v ey ed)andunder s t andt hedel ayf ac edatbus s t op,j unc t i onsands egmentl anesandc aus eoft he del ay .
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 31
How t oshor t l i stt hecor r i dor s/net wor k f ori mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t y? Thec i t ymayc ar r youtas t ak ehol derc ons ul t at i onpr oc es s t oi dent i f y and s el ec tmaj or c or r i dor si nt he c i t yf or i mpl ement at i on ofbus pr i or i t y meas ur es .The i dent i f i ed c or r i dor s s houl df or m ac onnec t ed net wor kast or eap max i mum benef i t s . Thei mpl ement at i onoft hei dent i f i edbus pr i or i t ynet wor kc anbec ar r i edouti naphas edmanner .
BRTNETWORK
MapofAhmedabadi l l us t r at i ngBRTSnet wor k c ons i s t i ngofi nt er c onnec t edc or r i dor s Sour c e:CoEUT ,CRDF ,CEPTUni v er s i t y
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 32
Deci si ononPhasi ngofCor r i dor As i mpl es c or i ngmet hodhasbeendev el opedt opr i or i t i s ec or r i dor sf orbuspr i or i t i z at i onbas edonl engt hofc or r i dor ,ex i s t i ngbuss peedonc or r i dor ,busf l owsand pas s engerboar di ngs .Thi swi l l hel pi nar r i v i ngatr el at i v es c or esf ordi f f er entc or r i dor swhi c hc anbeus edt opr i or i t i z eandphas ei dent i f i edbuspr i or i t yc or r i dor s . Fourc or r i dor sf r om t hec i t yofAhmedabadhav ebeenas s es s edf orphas i ngbel owasanex ampl e.Ac i t yc anc hoos ei t sownl ev el sands c or i ngmet hodol ogy .
Thet abl ebel owpr es ent st hes c or i ngf orf ours hor t l i s t edc or r i dor s / net wor k si dent i f i edt hr oughs t ak ehol derc ons ul t at i on.Bas edont hes c or i ngmet hodol ogy ,Cor r i dor 2( C2)andCor r i dor4( C4)r ank s1s tand2nd.C2andC4c anbes el ec t edf orPhas eIi mpl ement at i on. Cor r i dorNo.
1
2
3
4
Cor r i dorName
C1Nut anMi l lRoad
C2Ashr am Road
C3Sol aRoad
C4Sat el l i t eRoad
Lengt hoft hec or r i dor-k m
58
810
58
810
Speed-k mph
1518
1215
1518
1215
Lengt hoft hec or r i dorwi t h busf l ows>=12bus es / hr .( %)
6080%
100%
80100%
6080%
Boar di ngs / k mday
5001000
10001500
5001000
5001000
50. 0
81. 3
56. 3
62. 5
Tot alScor e
I nst al l i ngaFr amewor kf orPr i or i t i si ngBuses 33
Whatbuspr i or i t ymeasur esshoul dbeconsi der edf ori mpl ement at i on? Onc et hec or r i dori ss el ec t ed,t hepubl i ct r ans i tagenc yneedst oi dent i f ys ui t abl ebuspr i or i t ymeas ur esf ori mpl ement at i on.Thef ol l owi ngpar amet er smaybe c ons i der edf ori dent i f y i ngt hemeas ur e:
Speedpr of i l i ngoft hec or r i dori ss ugges t edt obeunder t ak ent ounder s t anddel ay soc c ur r i ngatbuss t ops ,j unc t i onsands egmentl anes .Thes peeddel ays ur v eywi l l i ndi c at et hel oc at i onsandt hec aus eoft hedel ay .Forhi ghdel ay satbuss t ops ,meas ur ess uc hasbuss t opr at i onal i z at i on,l ev elboar di ngandal i ght i ngandmedi an buss t opsmaybeex ami ned.J unc t i onswi t hhi ghdel ay sc anbei dent i f i edandt r eat edwi t hqueuej umperors i gnal pr i or i t yt oi mpr ov et het r av el t i me.
Keybuspr i or i t ymeasur es
1Busstoprationalization
r ovementofsi gnal i sed 2Ijmp unct i onwi t hqueuej umper s andsi gnalpr i or i t y
hi f t i ngbusst opst o 3Sme di an
di anl ane 4Rexecsleursviavteiolynfoorfme bus
Pr i or i t y Measur es Appl i ed
Ac ombi nat i onofmeas ur esmayal s obeex ami nedt oi mpr ov et het r av el s peeds .Thet ool al s opr ov i desani ndi c at i v et r av el t i mes av i ngst hatv ar i ousmeas ur esc an gener at eonapar t i c ul arc or r i dor .Thebel owgr aphi l l us t r at est hei mpr ov ement swi t hv ar i ousbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esc ant ak epl ac ef orac or r i dorof6. 5k ml engt hi n Ahmedabadt hatc ompr i s esof10buss t ops ,2s i gnal i z edand5uns i gnal i z edj unc t i ons ,andoper at es20mi di CNG bus esf or18hour swi t hl oadf ac t orof0. 49. 1
0. 8% 3. 4%
2 1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
4
4. 1% 11. 1% 14. 0% 14. 6% 17. 5%
1 2 3 4
0. 0%
2. 0%
4. 0%
6. 0%
8. 0%
10. 0%
12. 0%
14. 0%
16. 0%
18. 0%
20. 0%
Tr avelTi meI mpr ovementi n%
Dec i s i onr egar di ngpr i or i t ymeas ur ec anbet ak enbyc ompar i ngt heoper at i onandpas s engerbenef i t s .Feas i bi l i t yi ni mpl ement at i onofBPM meas ur eshast obe l ook eduponwi t ht hegr oundc ondi t i onofr oadanddev el opdet ai l eddes i gnt hatwasbas edons ur v eys uc hast opogr aphi cs ur v ey ,t r af f i cmov ementatj unc t i ons ,et c .
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 34
I nvest mentRequi r edf orI mpl ement at i onofBusPr i or i t yMeasur es I mpl ement i ngbuspr i or i t ymeas ur eswoul dr equi r ec er t ai ni nv es t mentandt hi ss ec t i onl ook satperk mc os tf orvar i ousdes i gnopt i ons .Thef ol l owi ngas s umpt i onshav e beenc ons i der edt oar r i v eatc os tes t i mat esf ort hey ear2021: Lanesnex tt ot hebuss t at i onar ec ons t r uc t edasr i gi dpav ement . Foot pat hsar enewl ydev el opedasperc r os ss ec t i onwi t h60mm t hi c kpav erbl oc k s . Ker bsar eaddedf orqueuej umper sandt os egr egat ebusl anef r om ot hert r af f i ci nc er t ai nt empl at es . Theex i s t i ngc ar r i agewayi sr et ai nedwi t hapr of i l ec or r ec t i onandabi t umi nousc onc r et e( BC)l ay erof25mm ont op. Par ki ngs ur f ac ei sc ons t r uc t edwi t h80mm t hi c kpav erbl oc k s . Thebuss t at i onc os ti nc l udesc i v i l c ons t r uc t i onc ostpl usel ec t r i c al c os t s . Anopenj unc t i oni sas s umedatev er y500m.Ac ont i ngencyof5% i saddedt ot heov er al l c os t .
Thecost sperkm f orvar i ousr oadwi t hconf i gur at i onsar egi veni nt het abl ebel ow: ROADWI DTHCONFI GURATI ON
APPROXI MATECOSTPERKM
18m RoW
I NR1. 43Cr
24m RoW
I NR2. 18Cr( f ornonst agger edbusst at i onopt i on)
24m RoW
I NR2. 90Cr( f orst agger edbusst at i onopt i on)
30m RoW
I NR3. 53Cr( f orst agger edbusst at i onopt i on)
30m RoW
I NR3. 15Cr( f ornonst agger edbusst at i onopt i on)
Thepubl i ct r ans i tagenc ywi l lal s oneedt oas s es st hei mpl ement at i oncos t sv i s av i st hebenef i t sac c r uedt hr ought hemeas ur es .Whi l emeas ur ess uc hast hebus s t oppr i or i t i s at i on,dedi c at edbusl anesandpas s i v et r ans i ts i gnalpr i or i t i y( TSP)s y s t em donotc os tmuc h,ac t i v es i gnalpr i or i t yi sgener al l yv er yex pens i v easi t i nv ol v esi ns t al l at i onofequi pmentl i k ec ont r ol l er s ,det ec t i ondevi c es ,c ommuni c at i ondev i c es .I tal s or equi r esupgr adat i onofex i s t i ngt ec hnol ogyonboar dands i gnal c ont r ol l er .Asperi nt er nat i onal s t andar ds,t hei mpl ement at i onofTSPs y s t em c os t supt oI NR15l ak hsperi nt er s ec t i onandi t soper at i ons /mai nt enanc ec os tpery ear c har gesupt oI NR75, 000f ort hey ear2020. Sour ce:Tr ansi tTechnol ogyI mpl ement at i onGui del i nes-Appendi xD,Al amedaCount yTr anspor t at i onCommi ssi on,Cal i f or i ni a
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 35
CHAPTERFOUR
I MPLEMENTATI ON STRATEGI ES Whatar et hekeyi mpl ement at i onst r at egi est hatshoul dbet akencar eof ? I mpl ement at i ons t r at egi eshel pt owor kt owar dsac hi ev i ngt heobj ec t i v esofbuspr i or i t ys c hemesandbui l dac ompr ehens i v ei deaofhow t heobj ec t i v esc anbe ac hi ev edbas edonl oc al c ont ex t .Thi shel psi nt hes uc c es s f ul i mpl ement at i onoft hepr oj ec t .Thef ourmai ni mpl ement at i ons t r at egi est hatneedt obet ak enc ar eoff or buspr i or i t ys c hemesar e: 1 St akehol derengagementt hatdeal swi t hi dent i f y i ngt hek eys t ak ehol der sandt hei rr ol esandc ar r y i ngouts t ak ehol derc ons ul t at i ons atappr opr i at es t agesoft hepr oj ec tandt hei ns t i t ut i onal pr oc es sf ori mpl ement i ngt hebuspr i or i t ys c heme. 2 Phase–wi seexecut i oni ni t i al l ywi t ht ac t i c alur bani s ms hal ldemons t r at et hebenef i t st or oadus er s ,hel pt omoni t ort hebenef i t s t hr ought empor ar yc hangesac r os sr i ghtofwayorj unc t i onsands ubs equent l yc ar r youtper manentc ons t r uc t i on. 3 Mar ket i ngandout r eachpr ogr am wi l lpr ov i deagener als uppor tf ort hei mpl ement at i ont hr oughawar enessc r eat i onamongs tt he publ i c ,whi c hi shi ghl yc r i t i c al t oens ur eac c ept anc eoft hemeas ur esf r om t hes t ar t . 4 Enf or cementagencyandef f ec t i v eenf or c ements t r at egi est oens ur es moot hf unc t i oni ngoft hebuspr i or i t ys c hemesandi nduc e behav i our al c hangeamongot herr oadus er s . 5 Eval uat i onandmoni t or i ngt oc ont i nuous l yt r ac kt heper f or manc eoft hes c heme,as s es swhet hert hepr oj ec tc anac hi ev ei t ss et obj ec t i v esandi dent i f yi nt er v ent i onar eas .
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 36
I .St akehol derEngagement I dent i f i c at i onofs t ak ehol der sandunder s t andi ngt hei rr ol ei npubl i ct r ans por tar ei mpor t antf ort hei mpl ement at i onandef f i c i entoper at i onofbuspr i or i t ymeas ur esi n t hec i t y .I ti sv i t al t hatt hes t ak ehol der sneedbei dent i f i edatv er year l ys t agewi t hr es pec tt ot hei rr ol esr equi r edf ort hepr oj ec tandc ons ul tt hem f r om c onc ept ual s t age t opl anni ng,c ons t r uc t i on,i mpl ement at i on,andev al uat i onandmoni t or i ng.Thi ss hal lens ur es t ak ehol derbuyi n,r ev i ew ofpr oj ec tpl ans ,t ec hni c ali nput s /c omment s bas edongr oundr eal i t yandi nc or por at i onofex per t i s ei nt hef i el d.
St agesoft hePr oj ect
Bur eaucr at s*
Pl anni ng
LeadAgenc y
BusTr ansi t Agency/Oper at or s
Tr af f i cPol i ce Col l abor at or s
Ac t sasal eadagenc yi npl anni ng BPM f ort hec i t y
Resear chI nst i t ut es/ Consul t ant Agenc ys uppor t i ngt heLead
Suppor t st hel eadaut hor i t ywi t h s t udi esandr ec ommendat i ons
Ev al uat i on& Moni t or i ng
Cons t r uc t i on&I mpl ement at i on
St ak ehol der si nc l udi ngc i t yaut hor i t y ,pol i t i c al wi ng,s ec t orex per t sf r om di f f er entpar t soft hec ount r y ,et c .br i ngt hei rper s pec t i v eandc ont r i but ei ns i ght s onpl ansf ori mpl ement at i onofBPM.Col l abor at or sc anmak ei nf or meddec i s i onandadj us t ment sdur i ngi mpl ement at i onphas ebyc ommuni c at i ngt he nec es s ar ys t epst obec ons i der ed. Pr ov i desi nput sonc or r i dor dev el opmentt omax i mi z et he benef i t sofBPM
Dev el opsdes i gnst oens ur eBPM i nt egr at eswel l wi t hex i s t i ngr oad& t r af f i cf l ow
Col l abor at ewi t hc ont r ac t or t hr oughoutt hepr oc es st oens ur e t hatc ons t r uc t i oni si nl i newi t h agr eedpl ans
Educ at eof f i c er sont hes pec i f i c r egul at i onsandt hei mpor t anc eof enf or c i ngt hem
Def i nesr ul esandr egul at i onsf or t hepr i or i t ys y s t em
Ens ur eenf or c ementandmoni t or s pr i or i t yar east opr ev entv i ol at i ons
Tr ai ns t af ft out i l i z ebusl anesand t ak eadv ant ageoft r ans i ts i gnal pr i or i t yt oens ur eef f i c i ent oper at i ons
Cr eat esabr andi dent i t yandt o mar k ett hebenef i t sofBPM i n al i gnmentwi t hpubl i cpr ef er enc es
T ak esdec i s i ononar easf or i mpr ov ementoradj us t ment
* Bur eauc r at si nc l udeMuni c i pal Cor por at i onandMet r opol i t anTr ans por t Aut hor i t y
Suppor t st hel eadaut hor i t yt o ens ur et hatex ec ut i onofpl ansar e i nl i ne,andas s oc i at eswi t h c ol l abor at or si nt r ai ni ngpr ogr am
Adv i s esl eadagenc yonbr andi ng s t r at egi es ,mar k et i ngc ampai gns andpubl i cengagement
Pr ov i dess uppor t i ngdat aon ef f ec t i v enes sofenf or c ement
Pr ov i dess uppor t i ngdat aonbus oper at i onal per f or manc e
Suppor t sl eadagenc yi nev al uat i on oft heef f ec t i v enes sofBPM and pr ov i desnec es s ar y r ec ommendat i on
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 37
I I .Tact i calMeasur esandConst r uct i on BusLanesc anbedemar c at edbyempl oy i ngs pec i als ur f ac et r eat mental ong t hel aneandatj unc t i ons .Thi swi l lmakebusl anet obemor ev i s i bl ef orbus dr i v er s as wel las ot herr oad us er s and hel pt r af f i c pol i c et oi dent i f y enc r oac hment s . Thec or r i dori dent i f i edf orPhas e1i mpl ement at i onc anbet r eat eddi f f er ent l y t hr ough t ac t i c almeas ur es .The per f or manc e ofi mpl ement at i on c an be moni t or ed and as s es s ed i nc ompar i s on t ot he benef i t sev al uat ed i n Bus Pr i or i t yBenef i tEs t i mat i onT ool .Fur t her ,pr oc eedoni nf r as t r uc t ur ec hanges wi t hper manentc ons t r uc t i on.
QueueJumperbusl ane
Per manentt ool st or epl acet act i calmeasur es:
Medi anbusl ane Li neMar ki ng
Ker bst osegr egat eBusl ane
Bol l ar ds
Secur i t yCamer as
Per manentSi nage
Mi dbl ockbusl ane
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 38
I I I .Mar ket i ngandout r eachpr ogr ams Mar k et i ngandout r eac hpr ogr amsar et hei mpor t antt ool swi t hwhi c ht heUr banLoc alBodi es( ULB) ,publ i ct r ans por tagenc i esandt r af f i cpol i c ec anef f ec t i v el yr eac h outt ot hepubl i cwhous eandbenef i tf r om t hebuspr i or i t ymeas ur es .Wi t houts uc hpr ogr ams ,t hebuspr i or i t ymeas ur esc anr es ul ti nunpopul ar i t yduet oi gnor anc eor f earoft henews y s t em.Mar k et i ngandout r eac hpr ogr amsc anbec onduc t edbyc ar r y i ngoutt hef ol l owi ng: el opas t r ongbr andi dent i t yf ort hebuspr i or i t ys c hemewi t hahel pofpr oj ec tname, 1 Dev l ogoandat agl i ne. tmar ket i ngandawar enesscampai gnswi t ht hepr i mar yf oc usofr eac hi ngoutt o 2 Conduc t hepubl i cr egar di ngt henews y s t em. Educ at et hepubl i conbuspr i or i t yc or r i dor s ,newr out es ,i mpr ov ed f r equenc i es / s c hedul es ,medi anl anes ,medi anbuss t at i ons ,benef i t s ,et c . Conduc ts epar at eus ereduc at i onpr ogr amst oi ns t r uctex i s t i ngpas s enger saboutt he c hangesi nt hebuss y s t em. I nf or m pot ent i al pas s enger swhoar ec ur r ent l yus i ngpr i v at ev ehi c l esr egar di nghi gher s peedsofbus esandr educ edj our neyt i mest of ac i l i t at emodes hi f t . At t r ac tat t ent i onofot herr oadus er sr egar di ngbusonl yr es er v edl anes ,t r ans i tpr i or i t y l anes ,t r ans i ts i gnal pr i or i t y ,et c .andt her el at edpenal t i esandf i nesf orv i ol at i ons . Obt ai ngener al s uppor toft hepubl i c-pas s enger s ,ot herr oadus er sandpr oper t y owner sal ongt hec or r i dor .
r youtawar enes sc ampai gnsbef or ec ons t r uc t i ons t age,s ot hati tpr ev ent sc onf us i onand 3 Car hel pwi t hs moot hpr oj ec ti mpl ement at i on. ei nf or mat i on r egar di ng t he buspr i or i t ys cheme eas i l yav ai l abl et o publ i ct hr ough 4 Mak v ar i ouspl at f or mss uc haspos t er s ,hoar di ngs ,pamphl et s ,soc i almedi a,webs i t es ,r adi o mes s ages ,et c .
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 39
I V.Enf or cementandmanagement Cont i nuedands t r i c tenf or c ementmeas ur eswi l li nduceabehav i our alc hangef r om al lr oadus er s ,es pec i al l yt hemot or i s t swhos har er oads pac ewi t hbus esandt he numberofv i ol at i onsc angodown. Whi char et heagenci esi nvol ved? I nI ndi anc ont ex t ,t het r af f i cpol i c ewi l lber es pons i bl ef orenf or c ementoft hebuspr i or i t ymeas ur esandpr ov i desnot i f i c at i onr el at edt or ul es ,f i nes /penal t i esf or nonc ompl i anc e.Manual ort ec hnol ogyai dc anbeus edf oref f ec t i v eenf or c ementt or educ ev i ol at i onal ongbuspr i or i t yl aneandj unc t i ons . Whatar et hevar i ousenf or cementst r at egi est hatmaybeadopt ed?
1. Camer aonRoad
CCTVcamer asonr oadal ongbusl ane,busst opandqueue j umpercanbeusedf orsur vei l l anceandenf or cement
4. Vi sualr oadDesi gn
Col or edpavementhi ghl i ght st hepr omi nence oft het r ansi tsyst em
2. Onboar dCCTVCamer as
Camer asdepl oyedi nbuseshasef f ect i vel yr educedbus l anevi ol at i onsi nSi ngapor eandNewYor k.
3. Aut omat edNumberPl at eRecogni t i on
Thesyst em pr ovi desf ul l yaut omat edenf or cementand not i ces/ f i near emai l edt ot hevi ol at or s
5. Rest r i ct i ngaccesst obusl anes Physi cal l ysegr egat ed( usi ngt empor ar ybol l ar ds) busl anesi nMani l a
I ts houl dbenot edt hatenf or c ementandmanagementi sac ons t antpr oc es si nt heoper at i onsofbuspr i or i t ys c hemes / pr oj ec t s .Ef f ec t i veenf or c ement ,hi ghv i ol at i on det ec t i onr at esandpenal t i es / f i neswi l l i nduc eabehav i our al c hangeamongr oadus er s .Thi swi l l hel pi ns moot hoper at i onofbus esal ongpr i or i t yl anesands i gnal i sed j unc t i ons .
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 40
V.Per f or manceeval uat i onandmoni t or i ng Per f or manc e ev al uat i on and moni t or i ng ofs y s t ems /s er v i c esi san es s ent i aland c ont i nuouspr oc es s .I thel pst o ev al uat et he i mpac t sbot h qual i t at i v el yand quant i t at i v el yandc ompar et hem agai ns tt het ar gets etdur i ngpr oj ec ti nc ept i on.Thec i t ys houl dadoptsetofKeyPer f or manc eI ndi c at or s( KPI s ) 1whi c hc anbe meas ur edonr egul ar l yt oas s es st hebenef i t s .Thi swi l l al s ohel pt ot r ac kt hepr ogr es soft hebenef i t sandal s oi dent i f yt hei ss uesf ornothav i ngbenef i t sasdes i r ed. Thebenef i t sofbuspr i or i t yc anbec l as s i f i edunderpubl i ct r ans por tus er s ,t r ans i toper at or s ,andov er al l s oc i al benef i t s .TheKPI sar eal s ol i s t edbel owundert hes ame c at egor y–i ti st obenot edt hats omeoft hes eKPI sc anbemoni t or edweek l y /mont hl y ,wher easaf ewoft hem c anbemeas ur edannual l y . KeyPer f or manceI ndi cat or s
Uni t sofmeasur ement
Passenger s’per spect i ve J our neyt i me Wai t i ngt i me Comf or t Pas s enger s ’ s at i s f ac t i on
Av er aget r av el t i mes av i ngi nmi nut es Av er agewai t i ngt i mes av i ngsatbuss t op Loadf ac t oratbust r i pl ev el Ov er al l s at i s f ac t i onl ev el sofpas s enger s
Oper at or s’per spect i ve I nc r eas edVehi c l eUt i l i s at i on( VU) CPKM Ov er al l r i der s hi p Rev enue Headwayr egul ar i t yatbuss t op Spar ebus es Ac c i dent s
Av er ageVUonr out esont hebuspr i or i t yc or r i dor s Reduc t i oni nCPKM Dai l yr i der s hi ponc or r i dor s I nc r eas ei nr ev enuewi t hi nc r eas edi nr i der s hi p Sc hedul eadher enc eati nt er medi at ebuss t ops ,5mi nt o+5mi n Numberofs par ebus esandi t sr edepl oy ment Ac c i dent s /10, 000bust r av el k m
Soci et alper spect i ve Modes har e Reduc t i on/s t abi l i t yi nc onges t i onl ev el Reduc t i oni nGHG emi s s i on
I nc r eas edmodes har ebec aus eofi nc r eas ei nr i der s hi p Av er aget r av el t i mei nmi nut esofpr i v at ev ehi c l eal ongt hec or r i dor T onesofCO2emi s s i on
( 1)KPI sar et hecr i t i cal i ndi cat or sofpr ogr esst owar dani nt endedr esul t .KPI spr ovi desaf ocusf orst r at egi candoper at i onal i mpr ovement ,cr eat eananal yt i cal basi sf ordeci si onmaki ngandhel pf ocusat t ent i on onwhatmat t er smost .( 2)Pl easenot et hatvehi cl eut i l i sat i oni sdependentonvar i ouspar amet er ssuchast ot al f l eetsi ze,i nef f i ci entschedul i ng,shor t ageofdr i vi ngand/ orconduct i ngst af f ,orr oadorweat her condi t i onswhi chpr eventt heoper at i onofsomeser vi ces. Ahi ghl evel ofvehi cl eut i l i zat i ondoesnotnecessar i l ymeanahi ghdegr eeofef f i ci encyorpr of i t abi l i t y .I deal l y ,vehi cl eut i l i zat i onshoul dbemaxi mi zed, wi t heachvehi cl espendi ngasmucht i mei nr evenueear ni ngser vi ceaspossi bl e.
I mpl ement at i onSt r at egi es 41
VI .How t oi mpr oveBusl anevi si bi l i t y? I mpr ov i ngbusl anev i s i bi l i t yi sanes s ent i alpr er equi s i t e.Busl anesc anbemadec ons pi c uous( i . e. ,mor ev i s i bl eandunder s t andabl e)f orbusdr i v er saswel lasf or ot herr oadus er st hr oughs pec i als ur f ac et r eat mentt obusl anes .Thi swi l lhel pt odemar c at et hes pac eal l ot t edes pec i al l yf orbus esandhel pt r af f i cpol i c ei dent i f y enc r oac hment s .Keypoi nt st ok eepi nmi ndwhi l ei mpl ement i ngbusl anest oi mpr ov ec ons pi c ui t yar egi v enbel ow: 1 Adequat esi gnagesshoul dbepr ovi dedespeci al l yataccesspoi nt sofbusl anes cl ear l ydef i ni ngr est r i ct i ons.
2 Pr ovi del anemar ki ngsusi ngwhi t esol i dl i nesorusi ngsi gnsofbusespai nt edont he pavementsur f ace.
3 Lanet exti ndi cat i ngspeci aluseoft hebusl anemaybepr ovi ded.Textsuchas “ Bus” ,“ Busonl y” ,orel i gi bl evehi cl esi ncaseofshar edl anesorbusl anet i mi ngs maybespeci f i edont hel anes.
4 Thebusl anesur f acet r eat ment sshoul dbehi ghl yvi si bi l i t yt or oaduser sand dr i ver s,dur abl et owi t hst andt hebust r af f i c,saf e( wi t hadequat eski dr esi st ance) , costef f ect i ve,easyt oi nst al landeasi l yr epai r abl e. Busl anesc anbegi v enadi f f er entc ol or( r edc ol ori sc ommonl yus edi ndi c at i ngpr ohi bi t i on) us i ngepox ypai nt sorbygi v i ngat hi nc ol or eds ur f ac ec oat i ngt ot het opl ay eroft hel ane. Busl anesc anbec ol or edbusl anesadi f f er entc ol ort hanadj ac entl anes .
5 I nt heI ndi anset t i ng,physi calsegr egat i oni sadvi sedt odef i nebusl anes.Addi t i onal l y , phy s i c al s egr egat i onc anbeac c ompl i s hedt hr oughbot hper manents egr egat i on,s uc has r ai l i ngs ,andt empor ar ys egr egat i on,s uc hasc onesorbol l ar ds .
Summar y 42
CHAPTERFI VE
SUMMARY or i t ycant r ansf or mt heexi st i ngbust r anspor tsyst em i nI ndi anci t i esandconver ti tt oa 1 Buspri pr ef er r edmodeoft r anspor ti nt heci t y .
ement i ngabuspr i or i t yschemei naci t yi smor et hanj ustf ew i nf r ast r uct ur alchangesand 2 Impl r equi r escar ef ulpl anni ng.
f yi ngbuspr i or i t ycor r i dor s,measur esandi nf r ast r uct ur edesi gnneedt obebasedonl ocal 3 Identi cont ext .
der satal lst agesoft hepr oj ectf orsmoot hi mpl ement at i on. 4 Engagestakehol or i t yschemescanmaxi mi zebenef i t st ocust omer saswel laspr ovi devi abl ebusi ness 5 Buspri model st o publ i ct r anspor tagenci es and bus oper at or s atcompar at i vel yl ow i nf r ast r uct ur e i nvest mentcost s.
or i t yschemesmustt her ef or e become i nt egr alpar tofur ban r oad desi gn and publ i c 6 Buspri t r anspor tpl anni ng.
WayAhead–Bui l di ngbusr eadyst r eet s Newr oadsneedt obepl annedanddevel opedast r ansi t r eadyst r eet s.Thi swi l lhel pavoi di ngpr esentchal l enges ( speci al l yr oadwi dt hr equi r ement s)f acedwhi l econver t i ngc onvent i onalr oaddesi gnst obuspr i or i t ycor r i dor s.
Annexur eA 43
ANNEXUREA Typesofbuspr i or i t ymeasur es FOR19. 5M WI DEROADWI THRI GHTHANDSI DEDOOROPENI NG 1 6 . 0
AtJunct i on
STOP 5 . 0 2 . 2 5
STOP
2 . 0
B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y
5 . 0
STOP
2 . 2 5
4 0 . 0
STOP
St agger edbusst opsatj unct i onf or19. 5m r oad
AtMi dBl ock
STOP
BOLLARDS BUSLANE Al ldi mensi onsar ei nmet er .
BUSSTOP
LANDSCAPE
CARRI AGEWAY
PEDESTRI ANPATH
STOP
B US ONL Y
St agger edbusst opsatmi dbl ockf or19. 5m r oad
B US ONL Y
3 . 5
4 0 . 0
Annexur eA 44
FOR24M WI DEROADWI THLEFTHANDSI DEDOOROPENI NG
AtJunct i on
STOP
STOP
7 . 0
STOP
3 . 0
B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y
7 . 0
3 5 . 0
STOP
St agger edbusst opsatj unct i onf or24m r oad AtMi dBl ock
2 . 0
BUS ONL Y
B US ONL Y
7 . 0
STOP
BOLLARDS BUSLANE Al ldi mensi onsar ei nmet er .
BUSSTOP
LANDSCAPE
CARRI AGEWAY
PEDESTRI ANPATH
STOP
St agger edbusst opsatmi dbl ockf or24m r oad
BU S ON L Y
BU S ON L Y
7 . 0
STOP
4 0 . 0
Annexur eA 45
FOR24M WI DEROADWI THRI GHTHANDSI DEDOOROPENI NG
AtJunct i on
STOP 2 . 0
STOP
7 . 0
3 5 . 0
7 . 0
STOP
B US ONL Y
3 . 5
B US ONL Y
2 . 0
STOP
St agger edbusst opsatj unct i onf or24m r oad
AtMi dBl ock
6 . 5
St agger edbusst opsatmi dbl ockf or24m r oad
BOLLARDS BUSLANE Al ldi mensi onsar ei nmet er .
BUSSTOP
LANDSCAPE
CARRI AGEWAY
PEDESTRI ANPATH
STOP
B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y
6 . 5
STOP 4 0 . 0
Annexur eA 46
FOR24M WI DEROADWI THRI GHTHANDSI DEDOOROPENI NG
AtJunct i on
STOP B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y
3 . 0 2 . 0 3 . 0 6 . 2 5
STOP
6 . 2 5
STOP
B US ONL Y
1 . 7 5
B US ONL Y
1 . 7 5
STOP
Si ngl ebusst opatmi dbl ockf or24m r oad AtMi dBl ock
6 . 2 5
B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y
B US ONL Y 6 . 2 5
Si ngl ebusst opatmi dbl ockf or24m r oad BOLLARDS BUSLANE Al ldi mensi onsar ei nmet er .
BUSSTOP
LANDSCAPE
CARRI AGEWAY
PEDESTRI ANPATH
Sour ce:CoEUT,2021