Integration Project

BUILDING SCIENCE II (BLD 61303) PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT COMMUNITY LIBRARY

NAME: CHIA SUE HWA STUDENT ID: 0317920 TUTOR: MR. EDWIN

CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT 1.1 PROPOSAL SITE 1.2 CLIMATIC STUDIES

2.0 DRAWINGS 2.0 FLOOR PLANS 2.1 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

3.0 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

3.1 REQUIRED FORMULA 3.2 SPACE A: MEZZANINE 3.2.1 Floor Plans 3.2.2 Sectional Perspectives 3.2.3 Daylighting Contour 3.2.4 Average Daylight Factor 3.2.5 Conclusion 3.3 SPACE B: ROOF TERRACE 3.3.1 Floor Plans 3.3.2 Sectional Perspectives 3.3.3 Daylighting Contour 3.3.4 Average Daylight Factor 3.3.5 Conclusion

4.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES 4.1 REQUIRED FORMULA 4.2 SPACE A: MEZZANINE 4.2.1 Light Fixture Properties 4.2.2 Room Index Calculations 4.2.3 Lumen Method Calculation 4.2.4 Reflected Ceiling Plan and Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis 4.2.5 PSALI Integration 4.3 SPACE B: ROOF TERRACE 4.3.1 Light Fixture Properties 4.3.2 Room Index Calculations 4.3.3 Lumen Method Calculation 4.3.4 Reflected Ceiling Plan and Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis 4.3.5 PSALI Integration

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT The site of the community library design proposal is located at Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman (Jalan TAR), Kuala Lumpur. The front faรงade of the building receives eastern light in the morning and western light in the evening. Coordinates are 3.15383 latitude and 101.69636 longitude.

Figure 1. Location of site.

The figure on the right shows the building scales of the immediate site. The library is placed in a row of intimate-scale shophouses, while the lots opposite are of intermediate scale.

Intermediate

Intimate

Figure 2. Building scales.

Figure 3. Shadow simulationt on site at 0900, 7th July 2017

Front facade of the building receives eastern sun, while the back is shaded. The adjacent high rise also aids in shading. Bright morning sun diffuses through the building from the front curtain glass wall.

Figure 4. Shadow simulationt on site at 1200, 7th July 2017

The whole building is mostly shaded by the adjacent high-rise. Harsh afternoon sun penetrates into the building from the roof at.

Figure 5. Shadow simulationt on site at 1800, 7th July 2017

The back facade receives western sun, while the front is shaded. Receding evening sun diffuses through the building from the back facade.

2.0 DRAWINGS

Figure 6. Ground floor plan

Figure 7. Mezzanine plan. Highlighted area shows the space selected for analysis.

Figure 7. First floor plan

Figure 8. Second floor plan

Figure 9. Third floor plan

Figure 10. Roof plan. Highlighted area shows the space selected for analysis.

Figure 11. Sectional perspective of whole building. Highlighted area shows the spaces selected for analysis.

3.0 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES 3.1 REQUIRED FORMULA In the early stages of building design, the average daylight factor may be used to assess the adequacy of daylight. The values of these quantities are determined from the given data and W, T and R are corrected by using factors given in the BS Daylight Code and other publications.

Where, W is the area of the windows (m2) A is the total area of the internal surfaces (m2) T is the glass transmittance corrected for dirt θ is visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window R is the average reflectance of area A.

3.2 SPACE A: MEZZANINE 3.2.1 Floor Plans

Blocked by lift core

Blocked by parti wall

Front facade

Figure 12. Overall and enlarged mezzanine floor plan.

3.2.2 Sectional Perspectives < Front facade

Blocked by lift core >

Figure 13. Mezzanine receives morning light from front faรงade (0900).

< Front facade

Blocked by lift core >

Figure 14. Mezzanine receives a little light from southern faรงade (1800), but is shaded mostly by the exterior stairs.

The mezzanine is a suspended mezzanine overlooking the public ground floor. The walls are This is a suspended mezzanine overlooking the public ground floor. The walls are mostly glass panels infilled between solid brick. Due to the long nature of the site, the mezzanine receives greater sunlight from the front in the mornings, as the side and rear are blocked.

3.2.3 Daylighting Contour Blocked by lift core

Blocked by parti wall

Front facade

The lighting contour shows the brightest part of the space as the front facade, being warmer in colour. The space gets darker towards the end, indicated by cooler tones.

Figure 13. Daylighting contour analysis done in Revit.

3.2.4 Average Daylight Factor

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION Area of windows (W, m2 )

Total area of internal surfaces (A, m2 )

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T) Visible sky angle in degrees from centre of window ( ) Average reflectance of area A (R) Average Daylight Factor (DF)

L= 7.3 H= 2.0 7.3 2 = 14.6 Dimensions of Workshop L=13.5m, W=6.7m, H= 3.25m 2(13.5 3.25) + 2(6.7 3.25) + 2(13.5 = 87.75 + 43.55 + 180.9 = 312.20 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment) 85 (no obstruction)

6.7)

0.4 (not all light is reflected back into the space)

3.2.5 Conclusion The workshop has a distribution of day light factor of 3.98%, while having higher standard room illumination levels than recommended by MS1525. Artificial lighting is depended on for activities in this space, due to its shaded location.

3.3 SPACE B: ROOFTOP TERRACE 3.3.1 Floor Plan

Rear facade

Fire escape staircase

Roof garden

Figure 14. Overall roof plan and enlarged roof terrace plan.

3.3.2 Sectional Perspectives

< Roof garden

Figure 15. Roof terrace receives strongest morning sunlight from rear faรงade (0900).

Rear faรงade >

Rear façade >

< Roof garden

Figure 16. Roof terrace receives less light in the evening (1800).

The roof terrace is a semi-outdoor space on the rooftop of the library dedicated for social activities such as a mini theatre, roof garden and cafĂŠ. Due to the skylight and shading fins designed at the rear end of the roof, more sunlight is received in the mornings compared to evenings.

3.3.3 Daylighting Contour Rear facade

Fire escape staircase

The lighting contour shows that the space is brightly lit overall, but grows darker approaching the areas under the front part of the space.

Figure 17. Daylighting contour analysis done in Revit.

Roof garden

3.3.4 Average Daylight Factor

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION Area of windows (W, m2 )

Total area of internal surfaces (A, m2 )

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T) Visible sky angle in degrees from centre of window ( ) Average reflectance of area A (R) Average Daylight Factor (DF)

L= 10.2 H= 2.0 10.2 2 = 20.4 Dimensions of Workshop L=10m, W=10.3m, H= 3.5m 2(10 3.5) + 2(3.5 10.3) + 2(10.3 10) = 70 + 72.1 + 206 = 348.1 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment) 85 (no obstruction) 0.4 (not all light is reflected back into the space)

3.3.5 Conclusion The workshop has a distribution of day light factor of 5%, while having higher standard room illumination levels than recommended by MS1525 (exhibit insensitive to light). A bright space for social activities is suitable, but glare is controlled using shading fins below the skylights.

4.0 ARTIFICAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES 4.1 REQUIRED FORMULA Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes,

Where, RI is the room index L is the length of space (m) W is the width of space (m) is the mounted height of fitting above the working plane (m)

The lumen method, (also called zonal cavity method), is a simplified method to calculate the light level in a room. According to this method, the light fittings (luminaires) are to be mounted overhead in a regular pattern. The luminous flux output (lumens) of each lamp needs to be known as well as details of the luminaires and the room surfaces.

Where, N is the number of lamps required or illuminance level E is the required lux (lx) A is the area at working plane height (m2) F is the initial luminous flux from each lamp (lm) UF is the utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces MF is the maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt

4.2 SPACE A: MEZZANINE 4.2.1 Lighting Fixture Properties Type of Lighting

Type of Lightbulb Product Brand Lighting Distribution Material Fixture Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) Luminous flux (lm) Colour Temperature (K) Colour Designation

LED Pendant Light IKEA FOTO Ceiling Light Direct distribution Aluminium casing 15,000 60 2000 3000 Warm white

4.2.2 Room Index Calculation

Dimensions of Workshop (m2) Total Floor Area (m2) Height of ceiling (m) Type of Lighting Fixture Luminous Flux of lighting (F/m) Height of luminaires (m) Height of working plane (m) Mounting Height (H/Hm) IES Standard Illumination Level for Workshop Space (E) Room Index, RI (K)

L=13.5, W=6.7 89.78 3.25 LED Pendant Light 2000lm 2.8 0.8 3.25 – 0.45 – 0.8 = 2 300 lux

4.2.3 Lumen Method Calculation Lux required, IES Standard Illumination (E) Area at working plane height (A, m2)

Luminous Flux (F) Utilization factor (UF) Maintenance factor (MF) Lumen Calculation (N, number of lights)

Fitting layout (where m)

300 Dimensions of Workshop L=13.5m, W=6.7m 13.5 6.7 = 90.45 2000 0.6 (based on UF table) 0.8 (standard)

is maximum spacing,

4.2.4 Reflected Ceiling Plan and Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis

Figure 18. Reflected ceiling plan showing light fixture layout based on lumen method calculation.

Figure 19. Artificial lighting contour analysis done in Revit shows the level of illumination using the same light fixture layout.

Each light fixture is installed 2 – 2.5m apart from each other. 28 light fittings (spaced in 5 rows of 3 lights) controlled by 3, 2-gang switches to illuminate 89.78 m2 of workshop space to achieve 300 lux of standard illumination according to MS1525 for workshop.

The mezzanine space is generally well illuminated throughout. The front façade remains the brightest while the rear and side area is slightly darker.

4.2.5 PSALI Integration Based on lumen method calculation, light fixtures of Row 4 and 5 are turned off in the morning (0900 - 1500) via Switch 1, when natural sunlight is bright enough to illuminate the front area of the space. The other rows are kept switched on.

In the evenings (1500 - 1900), when sunlight is insufficient to illuminate the front area, only then is Row 4 and 5 switched back on. < Front facade

Blocked by lift core >

Figure 20. Light fittings closer to the front façade are turned off in the morning (0900-1500)

< Front facade

Blocked by lift core >

Figure 21. Light fittings towards the front are turned back on when sunlight is insufficient (1500 - 1900).

4.3 SPACE B: ROOFTOP TERRACE 4.3.1 Lighting Fixture Properties Type of Lighting

Type of Lightbulb Product Brand Lighting Distribution Material Fixture Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) Luminous flux (lm) Colour Temperature (K) Colour Designation

2 Light LED Track Light Lowescom Black Track Lighting

Direct distribution Aluminium alloy casing 15,000 10 3000 3000-4000 Warm white

4.3.2 Room Index Calculation Area (m2) Total Floor Area (m2) Height of ceiling (m) Type of Lighting Fixture Luminous Flux of lighting (F/m) Height of luminaires (m) Height of working plane (m) Mounting Height (H/Hm) IES Standard Illumination Level for Multipurpose Space (E) Room Index, RI (K)

L=10m, W=10.3m 103 3.5 LED Track Light 3000lm 2.8 0.8 3.5 – 0.7 – 0.8 = 2 500 lux

4.3.3 Lumen Method Calculation Number of Lights (N) Lux required, IES Standard Illumination (E) Area at working plane height (A, m2)

Luminous Flux (F) Utilization factor (UF) Maintenance factor (MF) Lumen Calculation (N, number of lights)

Fitting layout (where m)

500 Dimensions of Workshop L=10m, W=10.3m 10 10.3 = 103 3000 0.6 (based on UF table) 0.8 (standard)

is maximum spacing,

4.3.4 Reflected Ceiling Plan and Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis

Figure 22. Reflected ceiling plan showing light fixture layout based on lumen method calculation.

Figure 23. Artificial lighting contour analysis done in Revit shows the level of illumination using the same light fixture layout.

Each light fixture is installed 2 – 2.5m apart from each other. 36 light fittings (3 per track) spaced to 4 rows controlled by 2, 2-gang switches to illuminate 103 m2 of workshop space to achieve 500 lux of standard illumination according to MS1525 for multipurpose space.

All areas are evenly illuminated with the implementation of track LED lighting.

4.3.5 PSALI Integration Based on lumen method calculation, light fixtures of Row 1 and 2 are turned off in the morning (0900 - 1500) via Switch 2, when natural sunlight penetrating through the skylight is bright enough to illuminate the area. The other rows are kept switched on.

In the evenings (1500 - 1900), when sunlight is insufficient to illuminate the front area, only then is Row 1 and 2 switched back on < Roof garden

Figure 24. Light fittings closer to the rear façade are turned off in the morning (0900-1500).

Rear façade >

< Roof garden

Rear faรงade >

Figure 25. Light fittings towards the rear are turned back on when sunlight is insufficient in the evenings

(1500 - 1900).