submarine cable ALMANAC
submarine cable ALMANAC
Edited by Kevin G. Summers
Submarine Cable Almanac
2011 Edition
Copyright © 2011 by WFN Strategies
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, eletronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
WFN Strategies 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201
Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA
www.wfnstrategies.com www.subtelforum.com
ISBN: 978-0-615-46614-9
Printed in the United States of America
While all reasonable steps to verify information from the public domain have been taken, based on changing circumstances and dynamic factors, incomplete information subject to change may exist. Our goal is to periodically update and modify such information. Please forward corrections to almanac@subtelforum.com.
Introduction
Welcome to the inaugural edition of the Submarine Cable Almanac, a new reference tool by Submarine Telecoms Forum. This book has been in the works for more than a year, and we hope that you will find it a useful compliment to our annual Submarine Cable Map. You will find on these pages a list of major international submarine cable systems in the world--more than 200 systems in all!
We have also included data about numerous planned systems. In 2010, eleven new cables were activated, creating a combined increase of over twenty terabits per second of bandwidth in the Middle-east, Africa, and other regions.
Of those newly activated cables, five of them go to the Middle East: EASSy, EIG, I-ME-WE, MENA, and TE North. These cables bring an average of 3.6 terabits per second to the region. The highest bandwidth among them is MENA, a $400 million system, 8,000 km long, and providing 5.7 Tb/s. It connects Italy and Greece to a number of countries including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and India. However, the largest of the new cables is EIG. Costing $700 million and 15,000 kms in length, it adds 3.84 Tb/s and connects the UK, France, Monaco, Portugal, Gibraltar, Portugal, Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and India.
Three cables have been launched in the regions of Africa and South Africa. Main One, Lion, and EASSy average 2.1 Tb/s and connect many African countries both to the west and to the east. The largest cable, also with the greatest bandwidth, is EASSy. It is 10,000 km long and connects South Africa to Sudan via landing points in Mozambique, Madagascar, the Comoros, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, and Djibouti. Main One currently has operating landing points in Nigeria, Ghana, and Portugal and plans are underway to open a second stage extending to South Africa. The remaining new cables provide improved bandwidth to various parts of the world. The Honotua cable, for example, has created new, and in a few cases, the first, links to several Pacific islands such as Bora Bora, Huahine, Moorea, and Tahiti; all of which are now connected by Honotua to Hawaii.
For 2011 and beyond, there are already no less than twenty-two new cables planned. Of them, two particularly innovative cables were announced in 2010: the Arctic Link and Project Express cable systems. The Arctic Link is a planned cable connecting Asia with Europe, routed through the Arctic. The cable will be 16,093.5 km and pass through Japan, the United States, Canada, Greenland, the Arctic region, and the United Kingdom, a daunting undertaking.
Project Express, on the other hand, will serve a very different purpose. It will be the first new cable since 2003 to cross the Atlantic. Given its planned activation for 2012, this will be nearly ten years since any new cables have been laid in this region. However, it differs greatly from previous trans-Atlantic
cables following the same route due to its primary usage by the financial sector. Project Express is planned to link the banking hubs in New York and Chicago to Toronto, Frankfurt, and London, and all with extremely low latency.
While the overall economic climate has not been a friendly one in 2010, the telecoms industry is still growing. With the continued business in the Middle East and Africa the prospect for sustained improvement is hopeful. Last year’s additions are nearly dwarfed by the six new planned systems for both regions. These include cables off the both the eastern and western coasts of Africa (WACS, ACE, Main One, e-five, and LION-2) and again in the Middle East (GBICS, Flag HAWK). As these areas continue to step out into the global spotlight, the future of world communications looks bright.
We hope that you, our readers, will participate in this almanac as you’ve done with our previous products. Do you have any suggestions for improvement? Did you catch an error? Please let us know. And, as always, thanks for reading SubTel Forum!
Kevin G.
Summers with Stephen Jarvis April, 2011
Landing Points: Changi (Singapore),Keawaula (Hawaii),La Union (Philippines),Lantau (Hong Kong),Mersing (Malaysia),San Luis Obispo (USA),Sri Racha (Thailand),Tanguisson (Guam),Tungku (Brunei),Vung Tau (Vietnam)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 2.88 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 20,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 500,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T,BayanTel (Philippines),Bharti Airtel,British Telecom,CAT Telecom (Thailand),ETPI (Philippines),PLDT (Philippines)
Changi Mersing
Sri Racha Vung Tau Tungku Lantau La Union Tanguisson
Keawaula
San Luis Obispo
Landing Points: Beverwijk (Netherlands),Brookhaven (USA),Westerland (Germany),Whitesands Bay (UK)
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 40 Gb/s, Upgraded: At least 1 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 14,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 875,000,000
Owner(s): Global Crossing
Brookhaven
Whitesands Bay
Beverwijk
Westerland
Landing Points: Bellport (USA),Widemouth (UK)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: Initial: 320 Gb/s, Max: 640 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 6,400
Estimated System Cost (US$): 700,000,000
Owner(s): Global Crossing,Level 3 Communications
Bellport
Widemouth Bay
Penmarch
Lisbon Asilah
Tenerife DakarNouakchott Banjul SucujaqueConakryFreetownMonrovia AbidjanAccraLomeLagos Cotonou
Landing Points: Abidjan (Ivory Coast),Accra (Ghana),Asilah (Morocco),Banjul (The Gambia),Bata (Equatorial Guinea),Cape Town (South Africa),Conakry (Guinea),Cotonou (Benin),Dakar (Senegal),Freetown (Sierra Leone),Kribi (Cameroon),Lagos (Nigeria),Libreville (Gabon),Lisbon (Portugal),Lome (Togo),Luanda (Angola),Monrovia (Liberia),Muanda (DRC),Nouakchott (Mauritania),Penmarch (France),Santana (São Tomé and Príncipe),Sucujaque (Guinea-Bissau),Swakopmund (Namibia),Tenerife (Spain)
RFS Year: 2012
Capacity: Design Capacity: 5.12 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 17,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 700,000,000
Owner(s): Baharicom,Benin Telecoms SA,Camtel,Companhia Santomense de Telecomunicacoes,Cote dIvoire Telecom,Etisalat (UAE) /Canartel Sudan Consortium,France Telecom,Gamtel,Getesa,Globalink,Maroc Telecom of Morocco,MauritanoTunisienne des Telecommunications,Mauritius Telecom,Office Congolais de Poste et Telecommunication,Orange Bissau,Orange Cameroun,Orange Guinee,Orange Mali,Orange Niger,Orange Spain,PT Comunicações,Sierratel,Sonatel,Togo Telecom
Kribi
Bata Santana Libreville
Muanda Luanda
Swakopmund
CapeTown
Landing Points: Benguela (Angola),Cabinda (Angola),Luanda (Angola),Lucira (Angola),Namibe (Angola),Nzeto (Angola),Porto Amboim (Angola),Soyo (Angola)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 30 Gb/s. Design Capacity: 80 Gb/s.
Total Length (kms): 1,800
Owner(s): Angola Telecom
Cabinda Soyo
Nzeto Luanda
Porto Amboim
Benguela Lucira Namibe
Landing Points: Corfu (Greece),Dubrovnik (Croatia),Durres (Albania)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 440
Estimated System Cost (US$): 13,400,000
Owner(s): Deutsche Telekom AG,OTE
Dubrovnik
Durres
Corfu
Landing Points: Maruyama (Japan),Oxford Falls (Australia),Shima (Japan),Sydney (Australia),Tanguisson (Guam),Tumon (Guam)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: Current Capacity: 320 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 2.56 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 12,224
Estimated System Cost (US$): 520,000,000
Owner(s): Australia Japan Limited,Communications Global Network Services Limited,NTT Communications,SOFTBANK Telecom Corp,Telstra (Australia),Verizon
Maruyama
Shima
Tanguisson Tumon
Oxford Falls Sydney
Landing Points: Anchorage (USA),Florence (USA)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,087
Estimated System Cost (US$): 100,000,000
Owner(s): ACS Cable Systems Inc.
Anchorage
Florence
Landing Points: Harbor Pointe (USA),Juneau (USA),Valdez (USA),Whittier (USA) - East; Ketchikan (USA),Warrenton (USA),Whittier (USA) - West
RFS Year: 1999 (East), 2004 (West)
Capacity: 10 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 110 Gb/s (East); 10 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 640 Gb/s (West)
Total Length (kms): 3751 (East), 2483 (West)
Owner(s): GCI
Valdez Whittier
Juneau
Harbor Pointe
Ketchikan
Warrenton
Landing Points: Camuri (Venezuela),Havana (Cuba),Morant Point (Jamaica),Santiago De Cuba (Cuba)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 640 Gb/s
Estimated System Cost (US$): 72,000,000
Owner(s): Telecom Venezuela,Transbit SA
Camuri
Santiago de Cuba
Morant Point
Havana
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Tartus (Syria)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 787
Estimated System Cost (US$): 23,000,000
Owner(s): Telecom Egypt (46.875%), Syrian Telecom (46.875%), Lebanese Ministry of Telecom (6.25%)
Tartus
Alexandria
ALONSO DE OJEDA
Landing Points: Oranjestad (Aruba),Willemstad (Netherlands Antilles)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: Initial: 6 x 2.5 Gb/s, Upgrade: 100 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 120
Estimated System Cost (US$): 8,678,000
Owner(s): Antelecom NV
Oranjestad
Willemstad
Landing Points: El Djemila (Algeria),Ses Covetes (Majorca)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: Initial: 10 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 80 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 312
Estimated System Cost (US$): 17,600,000
Owner(s): APT,France Telecom,Telefonica
Ses Covetes
El Djemila
Landing Points: Magens Bay (Virgin Islands),Vero Beach (USA) - North; Camuri (Venezuela),Fortaleza (Brazil),Macqueripe (Trinidad),Magens Bay (Virgin Islands) - South
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: Initial: 2.5 Gb/s. Upgraded: 120 Gb/s. Design Capacity: 320 Gb/s. - North; 560 Mb/s - South
Total Length (kms): 2102 (North); 6,014 (South)
Estimated System Cost (US$): 220,000,000 (North)
Owner(s): AT&T,CANTV (Venezuela),Embratel,TSTT
Vero Beach
Magens Bay
Camuri Macqueripe
Fortaleza
Landing Points: Camuri (Venezuela),Cayenne (French Guiana),Chaguaramas (Trinidad),Fortaleza (Brazil),Hollywood (USA),Lamentine (France),Miramar (Puerto Rico),St Croix (US Virgin Islands),Willemstad (Netherlands Antilles)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: Initial: 80 Gb/s, Design Capacity: North Ring, 210 Gb/s, South Ring, 100 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 350,000,000
Owner(s): Antelecom NV,AT&T,Brazil Telecom,CANTV (Venezuela),Embratel,France Telecom,GT&T,Sprint,Telecom Italia,Telefonica,Telesur,Telintar,Trescom Int.,TSTT,Verizon
Miramar St Croix
Le Lamentin
Willemstad
Camuri Chaguaramas
Cayenne
Fortaleza
Hollywood
Landing Points: Las Toninas (Argentina),Maldonado (Uruguay)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: Initial: 50 Gb/s, Max: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 250
Estimated System Cost (US$): 15,000,000
Owner(s): Antel (Uruguay),Telecom Argentina
Las Toninas
Maldonado
Landing Points: Bridgetown (Barbados),Hams Bluff (Virgin Islands),Port Castries (St Lucia)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: Initial: 40 Gb/s, Design: 80 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 972
Owner(s): Antilles Crossing,Barbados Light & Power,Leucadia,Telebarbados
Hams Bluff
Port Castries
Bridgetown
Landing Points: Batangas (Philippines),Changi (Singapore),Jakarta (Indonesia),Lantau (Hong Kong),Mersing (Malaysia),Miyazaki (Japan),Phetchaburi (Thailand),Port Hedland (Australia),Pusan (South Korea)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 5 Gb/s x 2, Design capacity: 10 Gb/s.
Total Length (kms): 11,813
Estimated System Cost (US$): 640,000,000
Owner(s): KDD, AT&T, Korea Telecom, Chunghwa Telecom, PLDT, HKT, CAT, Telekom Malaysia, SingTel, PT Indosat, Globe Telecom, Celcom, Telefonica, Teleglobe, Telstra, BT, Worldcom, China Telecom, IDC, Dacom, Vietnam Telecom, DBP
Port Hedland
Jakarta Changi
Mersing
Petchaburi
Batangas
Lantau
Miyazaki
Pusan
Landing Points: Batangas (Philippines),Chikura (Japan),Chongming (China),Katong (Singapore),Kitaibaraki (Japan),Kuantan New Port (Malaysia),Lantau (Hong Kong),Pusan (South Korea),Shantou (China),Tanshui (Taiwan)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: Current: 160 Gb/s, Design: 2.56 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 19,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 1,100,000,000
Owner(s): China Telecom,Chunghwa Telecom International,CTM,France Telecom,KDDI,Korean T,NTT Communications,PLDT (Philippines),Reach NHK,Singtel,Telekom Malaysia
Katong
Kuantan
Batangas
Lantau
Shantou
Tanshui
Chongming
Chikura
Kitaibaraki Pusan
Landing Points: Chongming (China),Kuantan New Port (Malaysia),La Union (Philippines),Lantau (Hong Kong),Pusan (South Korea),Qingdao (China),Shima (Japan),Songkhla (Thailand),Toucheng (Taiwan),Tuas (Singapore),Vung Tau (Vietnam)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 4 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 8,000
Owner(s): China Telecom,China Unicom,Chunghwa Telecom International,Korean T,NTT Communications,PLDT (Philippines),StarHub (Singapore),Telekom Malaysia,VNPT
Pusan
Shima
Qingdao
Chongming
Toucheng
Lantau
La Union
Vung Tau
Songkhla
Kuantan
Tuas
Landing Points: Chania (Greece),Yeroskipos (Cyprus)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 1.12 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 868
Estimated System Cost (US$): 30,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T,Belgacom,British Telecom,Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (62%),France Telecom,OTE,Sprint,Verizon
Chania
Yeroskipou
Landing Points: Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea),Sydney (Australia)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 1.12 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,800
Estimated System Cost (US$): 11,000,000
Owner(s): Telikom PNG,Telstra (Australia)
Point Moresby
Sydney
Landing Points: Brookhaven (USA),Lannion (France),Manasquan (USA),Widemouth (UK)
RFS Year: 2003
Capacity: 10 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 3.2 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,000
Owner(s): Alcatel,Apollo SCS Limited,C&W
Brookhaven Manasquan
Widemouth Bay Lannion
Hollywood
Nassau
Cat Island
Crooked Island
Tulum
PuertoCortes Trojillo
Lempira
Puerto Cabezas
PuertoLimon
MariaChiquita
Providenciales
Puerto Plata
Punta Cana San Juan
Riohacha Punto Fijo
Willemstad
Ustupo
Landing Points: Bluefields (Nicuragua),Cancun (Mexico),Cartagena (Columbia),Cat Island (Bahamas),Crooked Island (Bahamas),Hollywood (USA),Ladyville (Belize),Maria Chiquita (Panama),Nassau (The Bahamas),Providenciales (Turks and Caicos Islands),Puerto Barrios (Guatemala),Puerto Cabezas (Nicuragua),Puerto Cortes (Honduras),Puerto Lempira (Honduras),Puerto Limon (Costa Rica),Puerto Plata (Dominican Republic),Punta Cana (Dominican Republic),Punto Fijo (Venezuela),Riohacha (Columbia),San Juan (Puerto Rico),Trojillo (Honduras),Tulum (Mexico),Ustupo (Panama),Willemstad (Netherlands Antilles)
RFS Year: 2001 (Phase 1), 2002 (Phase 2)
Capacity: Initial: 15 Gb/s. Design Capacity: 960 Gb/s. Upgraded: 80 Gb/s. New Design Capacity: Over 1 Tb/s.
Total Length (kms): 8,201
Owner(s): Alestra (Mexico),AT&T,Axtel (Mexico),BTC (Bahamas),BTL (Belize),CANTV (Venezuela),Codetel (Dominican Republic),Colombus Networks,Enitel (Nicaragua),Hondutel (Honduras),ICE (Costa Rica),Impsat (USA),Internexa (Colombia),Orbinet SA (Colombia),Racsa (Costa Rica),Telecarrier (Panama),Tricom (Dominican Republic),Ultracom (Puerto Rico),UTS (Curacao),Verizon
Ladyville
PuertoBarrios
Puerto
Bluefields
Cartagena
Cancun
Landing Points: Dutch Harbor (Alaska, USA),London (UK),Prudhoe Bay (Alaska, USA),Tokyo (Japan)
RFS Year: 2013
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 640 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 6.4 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 15,840
Estimated System Cost (US$): 1,200,000,000
Owner(s): Khanjee Holding Inc.,Kodiak Kennai Cable Company
Tokyo
Dutch Harbor Prudhoe Bay
London
Landing Points: Chania (Greece),Marseille (France)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 1.12 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,370
Estimated System Cost (US$): 70,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T,Belgacom,CYTA,France Telecom,OTE,Verizon
Marseille
Chania
Landing Points: Ballesteros (Phillipines), Kitaibaraki (Japan), Kuantan New Port (Malaysia), Taipa (Macau), Tuas (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2012
Capacity: Design Capacity: 15 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 7,200
Estimated System Cost (US$): 412,000,000
Owner(s): NTT Communications,PLDT (Philippines),StarHub (Singapore),Telekom Malaysia
Taipa
Ballesteros
Kuantan
Tuas
Kitaibaraki
Landing Points: Keawaula (Hawaii),Pago Pago (American Samoa)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 1.2 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,680
Owner(s): ASH Cable Company
Keawaula
Pago Pago
Landing Points: Conil (Spain),Dakar (Senegal),El Medano (Spain),Fortaleza (Brazil),Funchal (Portugal),Las Toninas (Argentina),Lisbon (Portugal),Praia (Cape Verde),Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 40 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 249,000,000
Owner(s): Cabo Verde Telecom,Deutsche Telekom AG,Embratel,France Telecom,Marconi,Sonatel,Telecom Argentina,Telecom Italia,Telefonica,Telefonica de Argentina,Telintar,Verizon
Fortaleza
Rio de Janeiro
Las Toninas
Dakar
El Medano Funchal
Conil Lisbon Praia
Landing Points: Asilah (Morocco),Marseille (France)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 40 Gb/s, Design Capacity:320 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,634
Owner(s): Maroc Telecom of Morocco
Asilah
Marseille
BAHAMAS-2
Landing Points: Eight Mile Rock (Bahamas),Nassau (The Bahamas),Vero Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 473
Owner(s):
AT&T,Balteco,Verizon, Telefonica, Teleglobe, MCI, Sprint, TresCom
Landing Points: Eight Mile Rock (Bahamas),Nassau (The Bahamas),Vero Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 473
Owner(s): AT&T,Balteco,Verizon, Telefonica, Teleglobe, MCI, Sprint, TresCom
Landing Points: Eight Mile Rock (Bahamas),Nassau (The Bahamas),Vero Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 473
Owner(s): AT&T,Balteco,Verizon, Telefonica, Teleglobe, MCI, Sprint, TresCom
Landing Points: Eight Mile Rock (Bahamas),Nassau (The Bahamas),Vero Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 473
Owner(s): AT&T,Balteco,Verizon, Telefonica, Teleglobe, MCI, Sprint, TresCom
Landing Points: Eight Mile Rock (Bahamas),Nassau (The Bahamas),Vero Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 473
Owner(s): AT&T,Balteco,Verizon, Telefonica, Teleglobe, MCI, Sprint, TresCom
Landing Points: Dueodde (Bornholm),Gedser (Denmark),Kolobrzeg (Poland),Ystad (Sweden)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 430
Estimated System Cost (US$): 16,000,000
Owner(s): Polish Telecom,TDC,Telecom Finland,Telenor,Teliasonera
Gedser
Ystad
Dueodde Kolobrzeg
Landing Points: Barcelona (Spain), Savona (Italy)
RFS Year: 1996
Capacity: 2x2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 760
Estimated System Cost (US$): 39,000,000
Owner(s): Telecom Italia,Telefonica
Barcelona
Savona
Landing Points: Boat Harbour (Tasmania), Sandy Point (Australia) - Bass Strait 1; Inverloch (Australia),Stanley (Tasmania, Australia) - Bass Strait 2
RFS Year: 1995 (Bass Strait 1), 2003 (Bass Strait 2)
Capacity: Initial: 622 Mb/s, Upgraded Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s (Bass Strait 1); 10 Gb/s (Bass Strait 2)
Total Length (kms): 241 (Bass Strait 1), 240 (Bass Strait 2)
Estimated System Cost (US$): 22,500,000 (Bass Strait 1), 17,000,000 (Bass Strait 2)
Owner(s): Telstra (Australia)
Sandy Point
Boat Harbour
Inverloch
Stanley
Landing Points: Liepaja (Latvia), Sandviken (Sweden), Sventoji (Lithuania) - East; Hango (Finland),Haraldsholm (Finland),Helsingfors (Finland),Kotka (Finland), Logi (Russia),Mariehamn (Finland),Stavsnas (Sweden) - North
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 316 (East), 793 (North)
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Sandviken
Sventoji
Liepaja
Stavsnas
Mariehamn Haraldsholm Hango Helsingfors Kotka Logi
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Dumai (Indonesia),Melaka (Malaysia)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: Design Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 400
Estimated System Cost (US$): 76,000,000
Owner(s): PT Mora Telematika,PT XL Axiata,Telekom Malaysia
Melaka
Dumai
Batam
Landing Points: Beirut (Lebanon),Tartus (Syria)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 134
Estimated System Cost (US$): 10,000,000
Owner(s): Arento (6.25%),Lebanese Ministry of Telecom (46.875%),Syrian Telecom (46.875%)
Tartus
Beirut
Landing Points: Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia (Sri Lanka),Tuticorin (India)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 338
Estimated System Cost (US$): 20,000,000
Owner(s): BSNL,Sri Lanka Telecom Limited (SLT), Sri Lanka
Tuticorin
Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia
Landing Points: Boca Raton (USA),Crown Haven (Bahamas),Freeport (Bahamas),Marsh Harbour (Bahamas),Nassau (The Bahamas),Riding Point (Bahamas),Rock Sound (Bahamas),Sandy Point (Bahamas),Upper Bogue (Bahamas)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: Current Capacity: 10 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 12 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 31,000,000
Owner(s): Carribbean Crossing
Boca Raton
Freeport
Riding Point
Crown Haven
Marsh Harbour
Sandy Point
Upper Bogue
Rock Sound
Nassau
Landing Points: Umea (Sweden),Vaasa (Finland)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 2 x 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 93
Estimated System Cost (US$): 8,500,000
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Umea
Vaasa
Landing Points: Ingleside (USA),Pascagoula (USA)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,190
Estimated System Cost (US$): 80,000,000
Owner(s): BP American Production Company
Ingleside
Pascagoula
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Sungai Rengit (Malaysia)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 63
Estimated System Cost (US$): 10,000,000
Owner(s): Excelcom
Sungai Rengit Batam
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Changi (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 80 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 73
Estimated System Cost (US$): 13,100,000
Owner(s): Telekom Indonesia
Changi
Batam
Landing Points: Novorossiysk (Russia),Odesa (Ukraine),Varna (Bulgaria)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,300
Estimated System Cost (US$): 51,000,000
Owner(s): Armentel,AT&T,BTC,CYTA,DTAG,HT,KDDI,OTE,Rostelecom,Telecom Slovenia,Ukrtelecom
Odesa
Varna
Novorossiysk
Anritsu Unique Solution Coherent OTDR detects faults in ultra-long optical submarine cables with repeaters, up to a distance of 12,000km.
Landing Points: Manasquan (USA),Tortola (British Virgin Islands)
RFS Year: 2009
Estimated System Cost (US$): 10,000,000
Owner(s): LIME
Tortola
Manasquan
Landing Points: Miyazaki (Japan),Nanhui District (China)
RFS Year: 1993
Capacity: 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,252
Owner(s): China Telecom,KDDI
Nanhui
Miyazaki
Landing Points: Beirut (Lebanon),Pentaskhinos (Cyprus)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: (1+1) x 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 260
Estimated System Cost (US$): 8,000,000
Owner(s): Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (62%),Lebanese Ministry of Telecommunications (38%)
Beirut
Pentaskhinos
Landing Points: Cadiz (Spain),Tenerife (Spain)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 5.12 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,000
Owner(s): Isalink,IT3
Cadiz
Tenerife
Landing Points: Blaabjerg (Denmark),Pennant Point (Canada),Redcar (United Kingdom),Tjørnuvík (Faroe Islands),Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland),Westerland (Germany)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 6,450
Estimated System Cost (US$): 385,000,000
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Pennant Point
Vestmannaeyjar
Tjөrnuvik
Redcar Westerland
Blaabjerg
Landing Points: Manasquan (USA),Pennant Point (Canada)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,360
Estimated System Cost (US$): 400,000,000
Owner(s): Optel,Tata Communications, Teleglobe
Manasquan
Pennant Point
Landing Points: Poti (Georgia),Varna (Bulgaria)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 1.3 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,187
Estimated System Cost (US$): 76,000,000
Owner(s): Caucasus Networks, Ltd.
Varna
Poti
Landing Points: Half-Moon Bay (Cayman Islands),Montego Bay (Jamaica)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 870
Estimated System Cost (US$): 6,500,000
Owner(s): LIME
Half-Moon Bay
Montego Bay
Landing Points: Dublin (Ireland),Holyhead (UK)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 960 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 131
Estimated System Cost (US$): 21,900,000
Owner(s): Sea Fibre Networks
Dublin
Holyhead
Landing Points: Boca Raton (USA),Cartagena (Columbia),Morant Point (Jamaica)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 110 Gb/s, Design Capacity: Over 2 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,423
Owner(s): New World Network, Ltd.
Cartagena
Morant Point
Boca Raton
Landing Points: Bermuda (Bermuda),Vero Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Intial Capacity: 20 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 320 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,445
Owner(s): Cable Company Ltd,North Rock Communications Ltd,Transact Limited
Bermuda
Vero Beach
Chongming
Chikura Pusan Tanguisson
Fangshan Okinawa
Landing Points: Bandon (USA),Chikura (Japan),Chongming (China),Fangshan (Taiwan),Okinawa Prefecture (Japan),Pusan (South Korea),San Luis Obispo (USA),Shantou (China),Tanguisson (Guam)
RFS Year: 1999
Total Length (kms): 30,241
Owner(s): AT&T, MCI, Sprint, KDD, SBC, China Telecom, NTT, Korea Telecom, Hong Kong Telecom and Sing Tel
Bandon San Luis Obispo
Shantou
Landing Points: Ayia Napa (Cyprus),Nahariya (Israel)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 250
Estimated System Cost (US$): 16,000,000
Owner(s): Bezeq,CYTA
Nahariya
Ayia Napa
Landing Points: Lowestoft (United Kingdom),Zandvoort (Netherlands) - North; Cayeuxsur-Mer (France),Pevensey Bay (UK) - South
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 203 (North), 115 (South)
Estimated System Cost (US$): 24,000,000
Owner(s): Viatel
Pevensey Bay
Cayeux-sur-Mer
Lowestoft
Zandvoort
Landing Points: Cancun (Mexico),Funchal (Portugal),Magens Bay (Virgin Islands),Palermo (Italy),Sardinia (Gran Canaria),West Palm Beach (USA)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 560 Mb/s, 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 12,165
Estimated System Cost (US$): 600,000,000
Owner(s): CPRM, Dacom, DBP Telekom, Embratel, Entel (Chile), France Telecom, GT&T
Cancun Magens Bay West Palm Beach
Funchal
Palermo Sardinia
Landing Points: Conil (Spain),Hollywood (USA),Lisbon (Portugal),Mazara (Italy),Ponta Delgada (Portugal)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: Initial: 8 x 2.5 Gb/s, Upgrade: 160 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 11,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 236,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, CPRM
Hollywood
Ponta Delgada Lisbon Conil Mazara
Landing Points: Bruges (Belguim),Thorpeness (United Kingdom),Zandvoort (Netherlands)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: At least 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 550
Owner(s): Flute
Thorpeness
Bruges
Zandvoort
Landing Points: Bar (Montenegro),Corfu (Greece)
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 320
Estimated System Cost (US$): 19,000,000
Owner(s): Crngorski Telecom,OTE
Bar
Corfu
Landing Points: Aranci (Italy), Ajaccio (France)
RFS Year: 1992
Capacity: 3x 565 Mb/s + 2 x 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 168
Estimated System Cost (US$): 11,000,000
Owner(s): France Telecom,Telecom Italia
Ajaccio
Aranci
Landing Points: Barseback (Sweden),Tuborg (Denmark) - North; Bjarred (Sweden),Copenhagen (Denmark) - South
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 4 x 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 25 (North), 20 (South)
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Tuborg Copenhagen
Barseback Bjarred
Landing Points: Blaabjerg (Denmark),Landeyjarsandur (Iceland)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: Initial: 100 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 5.1 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,250
Estimated System Cost (US$): 76,440,000
Owner(s): Farice Ltd.
Blaabjerg
Landeyjarsandur
Landing Points: Gedser (Denmark),Ribnitz-Damgarten (Germany)
RFS Year: 1993
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 45
Estimated System Cost (US$): 7,600,000
Owner(s): Deutsche Telekom AG,TDC
Gedser
Ribnitz-Damgarten
Landing Points: Ardendal (Norway),Hjrorring (Denmark) - 5; Kristiansand (Norway),Thisted (Denmark) - 6
RFS Year: 1992
Capacity: 4 x 565 Mb/s (5), 3 x 565 Mb/s (6)
Total Length (kms): 130 (5), 120 (6)
Owner(s): Norway PTT,TDC
Thisted
Kristiansand
Ardendal
Hjorring
Landing Points: Gedebak Odde (Denmark),Mielno (Poland)
RFS Year: 1991
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 110
Owner(s): Polish Telecom,TDC
Gedebak Odde
Mielno
Landing Points: Copenhagen (Denmark),Kingisepp (Russia)
RFS Year: 1993
Capacity: 2 x 140 Mbs
Total Length (kms): 1,250
Estimated System Cost (US$): 88,000,000
Owner(s): TDC
Copenhagen
Kingisepp
Landing Points: Colombo (Sri Lanka),Hulhumalé (India)
RFS Year: 2006
Total Length (kms): 237
Estimated System Cost (US$): 27,000,000
Owner(s): Dhiraagu
Huhumalé
Colombo
Landing Points: Capepisa (Philippines),Changi (Singapore),Chikura (Japan),Chung Hom Kok (Hong Kong),Fangshan (Taiwan),Nanhui District (China),Nasugbu (Philippines),Pali (Taiwan),Pusan (South Korea),Shima (Japan),Taean (South Korea),Tanshui (Taiwan),Tseung Kwan O (Hong Kong),Vung Tau (Vietnam)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Design capacity: 17.92 Tb/s to 30.72 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 36,800
Owner(s): PACNET
Changi
Vung Tau
Nasugbu
Capepisa
ChungHomKokTseungKwahO
Fangshan
Tanshui Pali
Nanhui
Taean
Landing Points: Dar es Salaam (Tanzania),Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti),Maputo (Mozambique),Mtunzini (South Africa),Mogadishu (Somalia),Mombasa (Kenya),Moroni (Comoros),Port Sudan (Sudan),Toliary (Madagascar)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: Initial: 30 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 4.72 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 10,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 263,000,000
Owner(s): Bharti Airtel,Botswana Telecommunications Corporation,British Telecom,Comores Telecom,Etisalat,France Telecom,Mauritius Telecom,MTN Group,Neotel,Saudi Telecom Company (STC), Saudi Arabia,SPV2,Sudan Telecom Limited,Sudatel,Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited,WIOCC
Djibouti
Port Sudan
Mogadishu
Mombasa Dar es Salaam
Moroni
Toliary
Maputo Mtunzini
Landing Points: Morant Point (Jamaica),Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic),Tortola (British Virgin Islands)
RFS Year: 2011
Estimated System Cost (US$): 35,000,000
Morant Point
Santo Domingo Tortola
Tortola
Anguilla
St. Martin
Basseterre
Dickenson Bay
Montserrat
Baliff
Canefield
Martinique
St. Lucia
Kingstown
Bridgetown
Trinidad
Landing Points: Anguilla (Anguilla),Baliff (Guadeloupe),Basseterre (St. Kitts & Nevis),Bridgetown (Barbados),Canefield (Dominica),Dickenson Bay (Antigua),Kingstown (St. Vincent),Martinique (Martinique),Montserrat (Montserrat),Port Salines (Grenada),St Martin (Netherlands Antilles),St. Lucia (St. Lucia),Tortola (British Virgin Islands),Trinidad (Trinidad)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,729
Estimated System Cost (US$): 56,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T,BET (Barbados),C&W,France Telecom,TSTT
Port Salines
Landing Points: Kärdla (Estonia),Stavsnas (Sweden),Tallinn (Estonia)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 2 x 2,5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 228
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Kärdla
Stavsnas
Tallinn
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Bude (United Kingdom),Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Gibraltar (Gibraltar),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Monaco (Monaco),Mumbai (India),Muscat (Oman),Ras Sidr (Egypt),Sesimbra (Portugal),Teutan (Morocco),Tripoli (Libya)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 6,737
Estimated System Cost (US$): 700,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T Corp.; Cable & Wireless UK Communications; Global Network Services Ltd.; Communications Networking Services (UK); Djibouti Telecom S.A.; Republic of Djibouti; Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company; Gibtelecom Limited; Mauritus Telecom Ltd; MCI International, Inc.; MTN International (Mauritius) Limited; Oman Telecommunications Company SAOG; PT Comunicações, S.A.; Saudi Telecom Company; Terrasse Boieildieu La Defense VERIZON FRANCE Telecom Egypt; Telkom SA Limited
Fujairah Muscat
Mumbai
Djibouti
Jeddah
Ras Sidr
Alexandria
Tripoli
Landing Points: Lechaina (Greece),Marmaris (Turkey),Palermo (Italy),Tel Aviv (Israel)
RFS Year: 1990
Capacity: 280 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,880
Estimated System Cost (US$): 101,000,000
Owner(s): Telecom Italia
Palermo
Lechaina Marmaris
Tel Aviv
Landing Points: Keawaula (Hawaii),Sydney (Australia)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 80 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,120
Owner(s): Telstra (Australia)
Sydney
Keawaula
Landing Points: Estepona (Spain),Teutan (Morocco)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 6 x 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 113
Owner(s): Telefonica
Estepona
Teutan
Landing Points: Casablanca (Morocco),Funchal (Portugal),Sesimbra (Portugal),St. Hilaire (France)
RFS Year: 1992
Capacity: 2 x 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,100
Estimated System Cost (US$): 150,000,000
Owner(s): France Telecom,ONPT Morocco,PT Comunicações
Funchal
Casablanca
Sesimbra
St. Hilaire
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FUGRO
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Our highly trained offshore staff, many of whom are FIG/IHO certified, are true experts in their fields with an average of over 10 years experience. We use our purpose built survey vessels and locally chartered vessels, all of which are fully equipped with the latest multibeam echo sounders, full geophysical survey suites and geotechnical equipment.
Fugro’s expert staff and state of the art equipment coupled with local knowledge from 275 offices in over 50 countries provide the know-how to deliver high quality results while meeting deadlines. From the planning to post-installation phases, our excellent track record is proof that you can count on Fugro to get the job done.
Email: marinesurvey@fugro.com
www.fugro.com/marine-survey
Landing Points: Island Park (USA),Northport (USA),Plerin (France),Porthcurno (United Kingdom)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 4.6875 Tbit/s
Total Length (kms): 14,500
Owner(s): Reliance Globalcom
Northport
Island Park
Porthcurno
Plerin
Dubai Al-KhobarSumaisma Manama
Landing Points: Al-Khobar (Saudi Arabia),Al Ghaydah (Yemen),Al Hudaydah (Yemen),Al Seeb (Oman),Aqaba (Jordan),Bandar Abbas (Iran),Chabahar (Iran),Colombo (Sri Lanka),Dubai (UAE),Hulhumalé (India),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Khasab (Oman),Kuwait City (Kuwait),Manama (Bahrain),Mumbai (India),Port Sudan (Sudan),Suez (Egypt),Sumaisma (Qatar),Trivandrum (India)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 90 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 2.56 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 11,898
Owner(s): Reliance Globalcom
Hulhumalé
Colombo
Trivandrum
Mumbai
Al Seeb
Chabahar
Kuwait City Khasab
Bandar Abbas
Al Ghaydah
Al Hudaydah
Port Sudan
Jeddah
Suez Aqaba
Landing Points: Dunnet Bay (Scotland),Funningsfjørður (Faroe Islands),Seyðisfjörður (Iceland)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 2 x 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,407
Owner(s): Farice Ltd.,Iceland Telecom Ltd.
Dunnet Bay
Landing Points: Aldeburgh (United Kingdom),Domburg (Netherlands)
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 148
Owner(s): British Telecom
Aldeburgh
Domburg
Landing Points: Puttgarden (Germany),Rödbyhavn (Denmark)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 20
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Rödbyhavn
Puttgarden
Landing Points: Kingstown (St. Vincent),Montego Bay (Jamaica),Ocho Rios (Jamaica),Puerto Plata (Dominican Republic)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 320 Gb/s per fiber pair
Total Length (kms): 2,438
Owner(s): Colombus Networks
Montego Bay
Ocho Rios Kingston
Puerto Plata
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Aqaba (Jordan),Ben Pak Para (Thailand),Estepona (Spain),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Hong Kong (China),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Keoje (South Korea),Miura (Japan),Mumbai (India),Nanhui District (China),Ninomiya (Japan),Palermo (Italy),Penang (Malaysia),Port Said (Egypt),Porthcurno (United Kingdom),Satun (Thailand),Songkhla (Thailand),Suez (Egypt)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: UK-Alexandria: 20 Gb/s, Alexandria-Fujairah: 20 Gb/s, Fujairah-Japan: 10 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 80 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 27,467
Owner(s): NYNEX, Marubeni, Dallah-Al Baraka, and Gulf Assoc., Telecom Holding Co., the Asian Infrastructure Fund. 53 carriers buy capacity on the system including Teleglobe, AT&T, Belgacom, KDD and others
Porthcurno
Estepona
Palermo
AlexandriaSuez Aqaba
Jeddah Fujairah
Mumbai
Penang Songkhla
Hong Kong
Nanhui
Keoje Ninomiya
Ban Pak
Para Miura
Satun
Port Said
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Marseille (France),Yeroskipos (Cyprus)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 100 Gb/s. Design Capacity: 2.56 Tb/s.
Total Length (kms): 3,685
Owner(s): Reliance Globalcom
Marseille
Alexandria Yeroskipou
Landing Points: Pusan (South Korea),Tong Fuk (Hong Kong),Toucheng (Taiwan),Wada (Japan)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 80 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,795
Estimated System Cost (US$): 900,000,000
Owner(s): Reliance Globalcom
Tong Fuk
Toucheng
Pusan
Wada
Landing Points: Doha (Qatar),Dubai (UAE),Kuwait City (Kuwait),Manama (Bahrain)
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,300
Estimated System Cost (US$): 80,000,000
Owner(s): Bahrain Telephone Co.,Kuwait Ministry of COmmunications,Qatar Telecommunication Company,UAE Telecommunications Company
Kuwait City
Manama
Doha
Dubai
Landing Points: Batangas (Philippines),Tanguisson (Guam)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 1fp x 2l x 2.5 Gb/s (upgradable to 2fp x 4l x 2.5 Gb/s)
Total Length (kms): 3,600
Owner(s): AT&T, KDD, ITJ, IDC, Sprint, MCI, Chunghwa Telecom, PLDT, Teleglobe, Telstra, BT, Sing Tel
Batangas
Tanguisson
Landing Points: Al-Khobar (Saudi Arabia),Al Faw (Iraq),Al Hidd (Bahrain),Al Seeb (Oman),Alexandria (Egypt),Bushehr (Iran),Doha (Qatar),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Kuwait City (Kuwait),Mazara (Italy),Mumbai (India),Zafarana (Egypt)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 2.5 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,750
Estimated System Cost (US$): 445,000,000
Owner(s): Gulf Bridge International
AlFaw
Kuwait City Bushehr
AlKhobarAlHiddDoha FujairahAlSeeb Mumbai Jeddah Zafarana
Mazara
Hams Bluff
Galisbay
Gustavia
Basseterre
Dickenson Bay
Baie-Mahault
Baliff
Canefield
Le Lamentin
Port Castries
Kingstown
Port Salines
Macqueripe
Bridgetown
Landing Points: Baie-Mahault (Guadeloupe),Baliff (Guadeloupe),Basseterre (St. Kitts & Nevis),Bridgetown (Barbados),Canefield (Dominica),Dickenson Bay (Antigua),Galisbay (St Martin),Hams Bluff (Virgin Islands),Kingstown (St. Vincent),Le Lamentin (Martinique),Macqueripe (Trinidad),Port Castries (St Lucia),Port Salines (Grenada)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 1.2 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,100
Estimated System Cost (US$): 17,520,000
Owner(s): Global Carribean Network
Landing Points: St. David’s (Bermuda),Tuckerton (USA)
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 60 + 55 Gb/s SDH Ring
Total Length (kms): 12,600
Estimated System Cost (US$): 500,000,000
Owner(s): Gemini Submarine Cable System Ltd
Tuckerton
St. David’s
Landing Points: Novorossiysk (Russia),Poti (Georgia),Sochi (Russia)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s (STM-16)
Total Length (kms): 488
Owner(s): DanTelco,FOPTNET,Rostelecom
Novorossiysk
Sochi
Poti
Landing Points: Accra (Ghana),Bude (United Kingdom),Casablanca (Morocco),Dakar (Senegal),Lagos (Nigeria),Nouakchott (Mauritania),Sesimbra (Portugal),Vigo (Spain)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: Initial: 640 Gb/s, Max Capacity: 2.5 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,800
Estimated System Cost (US$): 800,000,000
Owner(s): M.A Mega Intercontinental Cable Ltd (Globacom)
Bude
Vigo
Sesimbra
Casablanca
Dakar
Accra Lagos
Nouakchott
Landing Points: Freeport (Bahamas),Halifax (Canada)
Owner(s): Global Nexus Telecommunications Ltd
Freeport
Halifax
Landing Points: Bermuda (Bermuda),Boca Raton (USA),Fortaleza (Brazil),Punta Gorda (Venezuela),Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),Tuckerton (USA)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: Initial: 40 Gb/s, Current: 560 Gb/s, Max Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 22,500
Estimated System Cost (US$): 970,000,000
Owner(s): Globenet
Boca Raton
Tuckerton
Bermuda
Punta Gorda
Fortaleza
Rio de Janeiro
Landing Points: Cantina (Sicily),Mazara (Italy),St George’s Bay (Malta),St Paul’s Bay (Malta)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 20 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 290
Owner(s): GO
Mazara
Catania
St. Paul’s Bay St. George’s Bay
Landing Points: Lifou (New Caledonia),Mouli Island (New Caledonia),Noum’ea (New Caledonia),Poindimie (New Caledonia),Sydney (Australia)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 640 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,150
Estimated System Cost (US$): 57,500,000
Owner(s): Post and Telecommunications Office of New Caledonia
Sydney
Noum’ea
Lifou
Mouli Island Poindimie
Landing Points: Landeyjarsandur (Iceland),Milton (Canada),Nuuk (Greenland),Qaqortoq (Greenland)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial: 2x10 Gb/s; current 4x10 Gb/s, Max: 128x10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,600
Estimated System Cost (US$): 126,000,000
Owner(s): Tele Greenland
Milton
Nuuk Qaqortoq
Landeyjarsandur
Landing Points: Bari (Italy),Corfu (Greece)
RFS Year: 2004
Total Length (kms): 647
Owner(s): OTE
Corfu
Bari
Landing Points: Kelibia (Tunisia),Trapini (Italy)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial 40 Gb/s, Upgradeable to 3.2 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 180
Owner(s): Tunisie Telecom (Tunisia)
Kelibia
Trapini
Landing Points: Coleraine (Ireland),Dublin (Ireland),Herring Cove (Canada),Lynn (USA),Southport (United Kingdom)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 10.16 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 12,111
Owner(s): Hibernia Atlantic, Worldwide Fiber Inc.
Lynn HerringCove
Dublin Southport Coleraine
Landing Points: Huahine (French Polynesia),Moorea (French Polynesia),Papeete (French Polynesia),Spencer Beach (USA),Uturoa (Raiatea, French Polynesia),Vaitape (Bora Bora, French Polynesia)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: 640 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,619
Estimated System Cost (US$): 122,000,000
Owner(s): OPT French Polynesia
Spencer Beach
VaitapeUturoa Huahine MooreaPapeete
Landing Points: Ishikari (Japan),Nevelsk (Russia)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 640 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 570
Owner(s): NTT Communications,TTK
Nevelsk
Ishikari
Landing Points: Guernsey (Guernsey),Lannion (France),Porthcurno (United Kingdom)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 60+55 Gb/s SDH
Estimated System Cost (US$): 11,960,000
Owner(s): C&W
Porthcurno
Guernsey
Lannion
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Catania (Italy),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Karachi (Pakistan),Marseille (France),Mumbai (India),Suez (Egypt),Tripoli (Lebanon)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 520 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 3.84 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,000
Owner(s): Bharti Airtel,Etisalat,France Telecom,Ogero (Lebanon),PTCL (Pakistan),STC (Saudi Arabia),Tata Communications,Telecom Egypt,Telecom Italia Sparkle
Marseille
Catania
Tripoli
Alexandria Suez
Jeddah
Fujairah Karachi
Mumbai
Landing Points: Chennai (India),Tuas (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 10 Gb/s x 105 wl
Total Length (kms): 3,200
Owner(s): Bharti Airtel
Chennai
Tuas
Landing Points: Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Mumbai (India)
RFS Year: 1987
Capacity: 1380 channels
Total Length (kms): 1,964
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Fujairah
Mumbai
Landing Points: Bari (Italy),Durres (Albania) - IA; Corfu (Greece),Otranto (Italy) - I-G; Mazara (Italy),Tripoli (Libya) - I-L; Monaco (Monaco),Savona (Italy) - I-M
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 236
Owner(s): Telecom Italia Sparkle
Tripoli
Mazara
Monaco Savona
Bari Durres
Otranto Corfu
Landing Points: Istanbul (Turkey),Novorossiysk (Russia),Odesa (Ukraine),Palermo (Italy)
RFS Year: 1996
Capacity: 1.6 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,466
Owner(s): Telecom Italia, Iritel, Rostelecom, Turk Telecom, BT, DBP Telekom, France Telecom, Telefonica, AT&T, MCI, Sprint, Ukrtec, SingTel, Bezeq, Romtelecom, BTC (Bulgeria), Belgacom, Beltelecom
Palermo
Istanbul
Odesa
Novorossiysk
JAKA2LADEMA
Landing Points: Bandjermasin (Indonesia),Benculuk (Indonesia),Jember (Indonesia),Ketapang (Indonesia),Mataram (Indonesia),Pangkalanbun (Indonesia),Pontianak (Indonesia),Sangata (Indonesia),Toweli (Indonesia)
RFS Year: 2010
Estimated System Cost (US$): 116,000,000
Owner(s): PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia
Pontianak
Ketapang
Pangkalanbun
Bandjermasin
Jember Benculuk Mataram
Sangatta
Toweli
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Jakarta (Indonesia),Pontianak (Indonesia),Tuas (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 160 Gb/s, Design capacity 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,330
Owner(s): Indosat
Jakarta
Pontianak
Tuas Batam
Landing Points: Kitaibaraki (Japan),Makaha (Hawaii),Maruyama (Japan),Morro Bay (USA),Point Arena (USA),Shima (Japan)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: Approx. 160 Gb/s per pair, 8 FP
Total Length (kms): 21,000
Owner(s): AT&T,Japan Telecom,KDDI,MCI-WorldCom,NTTWN
Makaha
Point Arena Morro Bay
Shima
MaruyamaKitaibaraki
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Jakarta (Indonesia),Pontianak (Indonesia),Tanjung Pandan (Indonesia)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 20 Gb/s, Design capacity 320 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,040
Owner(s): PT Telekom
Jakarta
Tanjung Pandan
Pontianak
Batam
Landing Points: Jakarta (Indonesia),Port Hedland (Australia)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,795
Owner(s): Indosat,Optus,Telstra (Australia)
Jakarta
Port Hedland
Landing Points: Akita (Japan),Chikura (Japan),Fukuoka (Japan),Hamada (Japan),Ibaraki (Japan),Ishikari (Japan),Kochi (Japan),Kumihama (Japan),Matsutou (Japan),Miyazaki (Japan),Naoetsu (Japan),Niigata (Japan),Ninomiya (Japan),Okinawa Prefecture (Japan),Sendai (Japan),Shima (Japan),Toyohashi (Japan)
RFS Year: 1998
Total Length (kms): 10,000
Owner(s): KDDI,Telstra (Australia) Okinawa
Kochi
Fukuoka
Hamada Shima
Kumihama
Matsutou
Naoetsu
Niigata
Sendai
Akita
Ishikari
Ibaraki
Toyohashi
Ninomiya
Chikura
Landing Points: Istanbul (Turkey),Mangalia (Romania),Varna (Bulgaria)
RFS Year: 1997
Capacity: 622 Mb/s x 2
Total Length (kms): 504
Owner(s): BTC,Turk Telecom
Mangalia
Varna
Istanbul
Landing Points: Gothenburg (Sweden),Jutland (Denmark)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 20 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 95
Owner(s): TDC
Jutland
Gothenburg
Landing Points: Kelibia (Tunisia),Trapini (Italy)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 20 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 209
Owner(s): Telecom Italia,Tunisie Telecom (Tunisia)
Kelibia
Trapini
Landing Points: Chennai (India),Khulna (Bangladesh)
Total Length (kms): 115
Estimated System Cost (US$): 48,000,000
Chennai
Khulna
Landing Points: Fukuoka (Japan),Kita-Kyushu (Japan),Pusan (South Korea)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 2.88 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 500
Owner(s): Softbank Telecom, NTT Communications, KT Corporation, KEPCO
Fukuoka
Kitakyushu
Pusan
Landing Points: Anchorage (USA),Homer (USA),Kenai (USA),Kodiak (USA),Narrow Cape (USA),Seward (USA)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: Initial 2.5 Gb/s, Upgradeable to 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 971
Owner(s): Kodiak Kenai Cable Company
Narrow Cape
Kodiak
Homer
Kenai
Anchorage Seward
Landing Points: Kharg Island (Iran),Kuwait City (Kuwait)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 380
Owner(s): Etisalet
Kuwait City
Kharg
Landing Points: Mazara (Italy),Tel Aviv (Israel),Yeroskipos (Cyprus)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,500
Estimated System Cost (US$): 177,658,000
Owner(s): Telecom Italia Sparkle, KAMA, Telrad, Aurec, and Globescom
Mazara
Yeroskipou
Tel Aviv
Landing Points: Mombasa (Kenya),Mayotte (Mayotte), Sainte Marie (Reunion Island),Terre Rouge (Mauritius),Toamasina (Madagascar)
RFS Year: 2009 (1), 2011 (Planned)
Capacity: 10 Gb/s per fibre pair (1), 1.28 Tb/s (2)
Total Length (kms): 1800 (1), 3,000 (2)
Owner(s): France Telecom,Mauritius Telecom,Orange Madagascar
Mayotte
Mombasa
Tomasina
Sainte Marie
Terre Rouge
Landing Points: Kuantan New Port (Malaysia),Phetchaburi (Thailand),Songkhla (Thailand)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,276
Kuantan
Songkhla
Phetchaburi
Landing Points: Brookhaven (USA),Hollywood (USA),St Croix (US Virgin Islands)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 10 Gb/s x 2
Total Length (kms): 7,500
Owner(s): Global Crossing
St. Croix
Hollywood
Brookhaven
Landing Points: Abidjan (Ivory Coast),Accra (Ghana),Casablanca (Morocco),Dakar (Senegal),Lagos (Nigeria),Port Harcourt (Nigeria),Seixal (Portugal),Tenerife (Spain)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 1.92 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 14,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 240,000,000
Owner(s): Main One Cable Company Ltd.
Seixal
Casablanca
Tenerife
Dakar
AbidjanAccra Lagos PortHarcourt
Landing Points: Kupang (Indonesia),Mataram (Indonesia),Raba (Indonesia),Sumbawa Besar (Indonesia),Waingapu (Indonesia)
Total Length (kms): 1,041
Mataram
Kupang
Waingapu
Submawa Besar Raba
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Changi (Singapore),Jakarta (Indonesia)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 2.6 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,438
Owner(s): Matrix Networks and NAP Info
Jakarta
Batam Changi
Landing Points: Cancun (Mexico),Hollywood (USA),Maria Chiquita (Panama),Puerto Limon (Costa Rica),Tolu (Colombia)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 82.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,506
Owner(s): AT&T, Cable & Wireless Cayman, Cable & Wireless Panama, Hondutel, ICE, Telecom, Telmex
Hollywood
Cancun
Maria Chiquita Tolu
Puerto Limon
Landing Points: Algiers (Algeria),Annaba (Algeria),Marseille (France)
RFS Year: 2005
Capacity: 2 x 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,215
Owner(s): Med Cable
Algiers
Annaba
Marseille
Landing Points: Catania (Italy),Chania (Greece),Haifa (Israel),Istanbul (Turkey),Koropi (Greece),Tel Aviv (Israel)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 5,729
Owner(s): Telecom Italia Sparkle
Koropi
Chania
Istanbul
Haifa Tel Aviv
Landing Points: Pozallo (Italy),St Paul’s Bay (Malta)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 50 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 100
Estimated System Cost (US$): 14,000,000
Owner(s): Melita Infrastructure Ltd.
St. Paul’s Bay Pozallo
Landing Points: Al Seeb (Oman),Alexandria (Egypt),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Mazara (Italy),Mumbai (India),Suez (Egypt),Zafarana (Egypt)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 5.76 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,500
Estimated System Cost (US$): 350,000,000
Owner(s): Orascom Telecom
Mazara Zafarana
Alexandria Suez
Jeddah
Al Seeb
Mumbai
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Changi (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 70
Estimated System Cost (US$): 12,000,000
Owner(s): Moratelindo
Batam
Changi
Landing Points: Catania (Italy),Mazara (Italy),Yeroskipos (Cyprus)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Owner(s): Telecom Italia Sparkle
Mazara Catania
Yeroskipou
Landing Points: Port Alberni (Canada)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: 2.5Gb/s per science node x 5 initial or 10 maximum
Total Length (kms): 800
Estimated System Cost (US$): 62,000,000
Owner(s): University of Victoria
Port Alberni
Landing Points: Lowestoft (United Kingdom),Tysvær (Norway)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 16x10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 800
Owner(s): North Sea Communications AS
Tysvaer
Lowestoft
Landing Points: Juneau (USA),Nedonna Beach (USA),Valdez (USA),Whittier (USA)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,352
Owner(s): VenFin Limited (25%)
Whittier
Valdez
Juneau
Nedonna Beach
Landing Points: Colon (Panama),Fort Amadour (Panama),Grover Beach (USA),Mazatlán (Mexico),Puerto Viejo (Venezuela),St Croix (US Virgin Islands),Tijuana (Mexico)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 8,500
Estimated System Cost (US$): 350,000,000
Owner(s): Global Crossing
Grover Beach
Tijuana
Mazatlán
Colon Fort Amadour
Puerto Viejo
St. Croix
Landing Points: Auckland (New Zealand), Los Angeles (USA),Samoa (Samoa), Sydney (Australia)
RFS Year: 2013
Capacity: 5.12 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,600
Estimated System Cost (US$): 400,000,000
Owner(s): Pacific Fibre
Landing Points: Arica (Chile),Baby Beach (Aruba),Barranquilla (Colombia),Battery Pratt (Panama),Butler’s Bay (St. Croix),Lurin (Peru),Magens Bay (Virgin Islands),Panama City (Panama),Punto Fijo (Venezuela)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: Initial capacity: 2.5 Gb/s, Upgraded to “multiple 10 Gb/s wavelengths” at the end of 2009
Total Length (kms): 2,857
Owner(s): Antel (El Salvador),AT&T,C&W,Cable Andino,CANTV (Venezuela),CNT,Embratel,Entel (Chile),Setar,Telecom Colombia,Telmex
Lurin
Arica
Panama City Battery Pratt
Barranquilla Punto Fijo
Baby Beach Magens Bay Butler’s Bay
Landing Points: Beverwijk (Netherlands),Fanø (Denmark),Lowestoft (United Kingdom),Måde (Denmark),Redcar (United Kingdom)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 7.03125 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 511
Owner(s): Pangea Ltd
Redcar
Lowestoft
Beverwijk
Måde
Fanø
Landing Points: Ajigaura (Japan), Grover Beach (USA),Harbor Pointe (USA),Shima (Japan)
RFS Year: 1999, North Ring, 2000, South Ring
Capacity: 1.4 Tb/s, Future upgrade in 2011 will increase capacity to 1.8 Tb/s, Design Capacity: 3 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 21,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 1,000,000,000
Owner(s): NTT Communications, Global Crossing
Shima Ajigaura
Harbor Pointe Grover Beach
Landing Points: Bredene (Belguim),Broadstairs (United Kingdom),Seaford (United Kingdom),Veules-les-Roses (France)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 117
Owner(s): Global Crossing
Seaford Veules-les-Roses
Broadstairs
Bredene
Landing Points: Madang (Papua New Guinea),Piti (Guam),Sydney (Australia)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial: 40 Gb/s, Max: 2.56 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 7,185
Estimated System Cost (US$): 200,000,000
Owner(s): PIPE Networks Ltd.
Sydney
Madang
Piti
Landing Points: London (UK),New York (USA)
RFS Year: 2012
Capacity: 40 Gb/s
Estimated System Cost (US$): 250,000,000
Owner(s): Hibernia Atlantic
NewYork
Landing Points: Abu Dhabi (UAE),Das (UAE),Doha (Qatar),Halul (Qatar)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 20 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 200
Doha
Halul Das
Abu Dhabi
Landing Points: Nakhodka (Russia),Naoetsu (Japan)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 640 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,800
Owner(s): Rostelecom
Nakhodka
Naoetsu
Landing Points: Nakhodka (Russia),Naoetsu (Japan),Pusan (South Korea)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 2 x 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,762
Estimated System Cost (US$): 93,000,000
Owner(s): Rostelecom
Nakhodka
Naoetsu
Pusan
TE SubCom (SubCom), a TE Connectivity Limited company, is an industry pioneer in undersea communications technology and marine services and a leading global supplier for today’s undersea communications requirements. Drawing on its heritage of technical innovation and industry recognized performance, SubCom designs, manufactures and installs the most reliable, high-quality solutions for telecommunications companies, internet providers and offshore and science customers with undersea communications needs vital to their core mission. With its industry-leading research and development laboratories, manufacturing facilities, installation and maintenance ships and depots, SubCom has manufactured, and installed more than 100 undersea fiber optic systems and deployed enough subsea communications cable to circle the earth more than 12 times at the equator. For more information visit www.SubCom.com. Watch our videos on YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/SubComChannel
Landing Points: Fort Amadour (Panama),Fortaleza (Brazil),Las Toninas (Argentina),Lurin (Peru),Puerto Viejo (Venezuela),Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),Santos (Brazil),St Croix (US Virgin Islands),Valparaiso (Chile)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: Design Capacity: 1.2 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 20,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 700,000,000
Owner(s): Global Crossing
Valparaiso
Lurin
Las Toninas
Fort Amadour
Puerto Viejo St. Croix
Fortaleza
Santos
Rio de Janeiro
Landing Points: East London (South Africa),Fortaleza (Brazil),Luanda (Angola),Mithunzini (South Africa),Port Elizabeth (South Africa)
RFS Year: 2012
Capacity: Initial: 40 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 12,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 400,000,000
Owner(s): eFive
Fortaleza
Luanda
Mtunzini
Landing Points: Baie du Jacotet (Mauritius),Cape Town (South Africa),Cochin (India),Durban (South Africa),Penang (Malaysia),Saint-Paul (Reunion)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 440 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,104
Owner(s): France Telecom, Mauritius Telecom, MCI International, Telecom Malaysia Berhard, Tata Communications, Telekom Communications International
Cape Town
Durban
Saint-Paul
Cochin
Penang
Baie du Jacotet
Landing Points: Arica (Chile),Barranquilla (Colombia),Boca Raton (USA),Fortaleza (Brazil),Las Toninas (Argentina),Lurin (Peru),Mancora (Peru),Puerto Barrios (Guatemala),Puerto San Jose (Guatemala),Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),Salinas (Ecuador),Salvador (Brazil),San Juan (Puerto Rico),Santos (Brazil),Valparaiso (Chile)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 160 Gb/s. Design capacity: 1.92 Tb/s. For Colombia extension: 40 Gb/s, with design capacity ~960 Gb/s. For Ecuador extension: 10 Gb/s, with max capacity of ~480 Gb/s.
Total Length (kms): 19,964
Owner(s): Telefonica
San Juan
Barranquilla
Fortaleza
Salinas Mancora
Puerto San Jose
Puerto Barrios
Lurin
Arica
Valparaiso
Las Toninas
Santos
Rio de Janeiro
Salvador
Boca Raton
Landing Points: Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Port Sudan (Sudan)
RFS Year: 2003
Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 333
Owner(s): STC (Saudi Arabia)
Port Sudan
Jeddah
Melkbosstrand
Landing Points: El Medano (Spain),Funchal (Portugal),Melkbosstrand (South Africa)
RFS Year: 1993
Capacity: 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,500
Estimated System Cost (US$): 270,000,000
Owner(s): Telekom SA
Funchal
El Medana
Landing Points: Abidjan (Ivory Coast),Accra (Ghana),Alta Vista (Spain),Chipiona (Spain),Cotonou (Benin),Dakar (Senegal),Douala (Cameroon),Lagos (Nigeria),Libreville (Gabon),Luanda (Angola),Melkbosstrand (South Africa),Sesimbra (Portugal)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 340 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,000
Owner(s): Angola Telecom,AT&T,British Telecom,C&W,Camtel of Cameroon,CIT,Cote dIvoire Telecom,CPRM,France Telecom (12.08%),Ghana Telecom,Maroc Telecom of Morocco,Mauritius Telecom,Nigerian Telecommunications Ltd,Nitel (8.39%),OPT Benin,OPT Gabon,PT Comunicações,PT Comunicações,Sonatel,Tata Communications (8.93%),TCI (12.42%),Telecom Namibia,Telefonica,Telekom SA,Togo Telecom
Sesimbra Chipiona
Alta Vista
Dakar
AbidjanAccra Cotonou Lagos
Douala
Libreville
Luanda
Melkbosstrand
Landing Points: Hong Kong (China),Jakarta (Indonesia),Tuas (Singapore),Vung Tau (Vietnam)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 40 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 1.92 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,300
Owner(s): PT Fangbian Iskan Corporindo,Telemedia Pacific Inc
Jakarta
Tuas
Vung Tau
Hong Kong
Landing Points: Basseterre (St. Kitts & Nevis),Bridgetown (Barbados),Kingstown (St. Vincent),Martinique (Martinique),Port Castries (St Lucia),Port Salines (Grenada), Redcar (Trinidad and Tobago)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: Between 1.28 Tb/s to 1.6 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,186
Owner(s): SCF (Group Loret)
Redcar
Port Salines
Kingstown Bridgetown
Port Castries
Martinique
Basseterre
Norden
GoonhillyPenmarch
Oostende
Sesimbra
Teutan Mazara Chania Marmaris Yeroskipou
Alexandria Suez
Fujairah
Jeddah Djibouti
Pyapon
DaNang
Nanhui Keoje Taipa ShantouDeepWater Bay Fangshan Toucheng
Okinawa
Batangas
Medan SatunPenang
Tuas MersingTungku
Perth
Landing Points: Al Seeb (Oman),Alexandria (Egypt),Batangas (Philippines),Chania (Greece),Cochin (India),Da Nang (Vietnam),Deep Water Bay (Hong Kong),Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia (Sri Lanka),Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti),Fangshan (Taiwan),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Goonhilly (United Kingdom),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Karachi (Pakistan),Keoje (South Korea),Marmaris (Turkey),Mazara (Italy),Medan (Indonesia),Mersing (Malaysia),Mumbai (India),Nanhui District (China),Norden (Germany),Okinawa Prefecture (Japan),Oostende (Belguim),Penang (Malaysia),Penmarch (France),Perth (Australia),Pyapon (Myanmar),Satun (Thailand),Sesimbra (Portugal),Shantou (China),Suez (Egypt),Taipa (Macau),Teutan (Morocco),Toucheng (Taiwan),Tuas (Singapore),Tungku (Brunei),Yeroskipos (Cyprus)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 70 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 37,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 1,500,000,000
Owner(s): Arento, AT&T, BT, CAT, CYTA, DBP Telekom, Etisalat, France Telecom, Hong Kong Telecom, PT Indosat, JTB, KDD, Korea Telecom, China Telecom, ONPT (Morocco)
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Annaba (Algeria),Bizerte (Tunisia),Chennai (India),Colombo (Sri Lanka),Cox’s Bazaar (Bangladesh),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Karachi (Pakistan),Marseille (France),Melaka (Malaysia),Mumbai (India),Palermo (Italy),Satun (Thailand),Suez (Egypt),Tuas (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2005
Capacity: Currently upgrading all segments to 40 Gb/s, New Design Capacity:2.4 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 18,800
Estimated System Cost (US$): 500,000,000
Owner(s): Algerie Telecom, Algeria,Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited (BSCCL), Bangladesh,Bharti Airtel,CAT Telecom (Thailand),Du,France Telecom,Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited, Pakistan,Saudi Telecom Company (STC), Saudi Arabia,Sri Lanka Telecom Limited (SLT), Sri Lanka,Tata Communications (Network Administrator),Telecom Egypt,Telecom Italia Sparkle ,Telekom Malaysia,Tunisie Telecom (Tunisia),Verizon
Marseille
AnnabaBizerte
Palermo
Alexandria Suez
Jeddah
Fujairah
Karachi
Mumbai
Colombo
Cox’s Bazaar
TuasMelaka
Satun
Chennai
Landing Points: Dar es Salaam (Tanzania),Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti),Maputo (Mozambique),Mithunzini (South Africa),Mombasa (Kenya),Mumbai (India)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 110 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,740
Estimated System Cost (US$): 600,000,000
Owner(s): Industrial Promotion Services (26.56%), Remgro Limited (25%), Convergence Partners (12.5%), Shanduka Group (12.5%), Herakles Telecom LLC (23.44%)
Djibouti
Mumbai
Mombasa
Dar es Salaam
Maputo Mtunzini
Landing Points: Kingston (Jamaica),Miami (USA),Ocho Rios (Jamaica)
RFS Year: 2013
Capacity: 40 Gp/s
Total Length (kms): 2,000
Owner(s): Triton Telecom
Miami
Ocho Rios
Kingston
Landing Points: Angoon (USA),Hawk Inlet (USA),Juneau (USA),Ketchikan (USA),Petersburg (USA),Sitka (USA),Wrangell (USA)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Owner(s): GCI
Sitka
Angoon Hawk Inlet
Juneau
Petersburg
Wrangell
Ketchikan
Landing Points: Mariehamn (Finland),Vaddo (Sweden)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 64
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Vaddo
Mariehamn
Landing Points: Mariehamn (Finland),Norrtälje (Sweden),Turku (Finland)
RFS Year: 1993
Capacity: 40 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 254
Owner(s): Teliasonera
Norrtälje
Mariehamn
Turku
Landing Points: Chaguaramas (Trinidad),Georgetown (Guyana),Totness (Suriname)
RFS Year: 2010
Total Length (kms): 1,193
Estimated System Cost (US$): 54,000,000
Owner(s): Telecommunicatiebedrijf Suriname (TELESUR) , Guyana Telephone and Telegraph Co. Ltd (GT&T)
Chaguaramas
Georgetown
Totness
Landing Points: Ayre of Cara (UK),Banff (UK),Maywick (UK),Sandwick (Scotland),Tórshavn (Faroe Islands)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: Initial: 2 x 10 Gb/s, Max: 57 x 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 27,000,000
Owner(s): Faroese Telecom
Tórshavn
Maywick
Ayre of Cara
Banff
Sandwick
Landing Points: Chania (Greece),Darnah (Libya)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 7x10Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 420
Owner(s): Libyan Post, Telecom, and Information Technology Company
Darnah
Chania
Landing Points: Chikura (Japan),Lantau (Hong Kong),Nasugbu (Philippines),Tuas (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2012
Capacity: 17 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 8,300
Estimated System Cost (US$): 400,000,000
Owner(s): SJC Consortium
Tuas
Nasugbu
Lantau
Chikura
Landing Points: Jakarta (Indonesia),Surabaja (Indonesia)
RFS Year: 1996
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 713
Owner(s): Indosat
Jakarta
Surabaja
Landing Points: San Juan (Puerto Rico),St Martin (Netherlands Antilles)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 375
Estimated System Cost (US$): 15,000,000
Owner(s): Smitcoms
San Juan St. Martin
Landing Points: Kilmore Quay (Ireland),Oxwich Bay (UK)
Capacity: 5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 140
Owner(s): Eircom
Kilmore Quay
Oxwich Bay
Landing Points: Alexandria (Australia),Brookvale (Australia),Kahe Point (Hawaii),Morro Bay (USA),Nedonna Beach (USA),Spencer Beach (USA),Suva (Fiji),Takapuna (New Zealand),Whenuapai (New Zealand)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 1.24 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 28,900
Estimated System Cost (US$): 1,300,000,000
Owner(s): Southern Cross Cable Network
Suva
Alexandria Whenuapai Takapuna
Brookvale
Kahe Point
Spencer Beach
Nedonna Beach Morro Bay
Landing Points: Apia (Samoa),Mata-Utu (Wallis & Futuna),Noum’ea (New Caledonia),Pago Pago (American Samoa),Papeete (French Polynesia),Suva (Fiji),Takapuna (New Zealand)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 6,500
Owner(s): SPIN Ltd
Takapuna
Noum’ea
Suva Apia Pago Pago Papeete
Mata-Utu
Landing Points: Bandjermasin (Indonesia),Makassar (Indonesia),Surabaja (Indonesia)
RFS Year: 1998
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s Initial, 50 Gb/s Upgrade
Total Length (kms): 2,100
Owner(s): PT Telekom
Surabaja
Bandjermasin
Makassar
Landing Points: Andøy (Norway),Harstad (Norway),Hotellneset (Norway)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 4.8 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,800
Owner(s): Telenor
Hotellneset
Harstad Andøy
Landing Points: Deep Water Bay (Hong Kong),Sri Racha (Thailand),Vung Tau (Vietnam)
RFS Year: 1996
Capacity: 565 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,367
Estimated System Cost (US$): 155,600,000
Owner(s): Vietnam Telecom International
Sri Racha
Vung Tau
Deep Water Bay
Landing Points: Magens Bay (Virgin Islands),San Juan (Puerto Rico),Tortola (British Virgin Islands)
RFS Year: 1992
Capacity: 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,508
Estimated System Cost (US$): 17,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T, TLD, MCI, Sprint, C&W, Embratel, GTE, Teleglobe, TSTT, Telecom Italia, KDD, Telmex, Telefonica, CANTV, Telintar, Telecom, TresCom, PTT of Haiti
San Juan Magens Bay Tortola
Landing Points: Kollsnes (Norway),Tysvær (Norway)
RFS Year: 2001
Owner(s): StatoilHydro
Kollsnes
Tysvaer
Landing Points: Broadstairs (United Kingdom),Oostende (Belguim)
RFS Year: 2000
Capacity: 240 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 112
Owner(s): Level 3 Communications
Broadstairs
Oostende
Landing Points: Sydney (Australia),Whenuapai (New Zealand)
RFS Year: 1992
Capacity: 3 x 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 2,195
Estimated System Cost (US$): 100,000,000
Owner(s): Telecom New Zealand
Sydney
Whenuapai
Blaabjerg
Widemouth Bay Saint-Valery-en-CauxKatwijkNorden
Landing Points: Blaabjerg (Denmark),Katwijk (Netherlands),Manasquan (USA),Norden (Germany),Saint-Valery-en-Caux (France),Tuckerton (USA),Widemouth (UK)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 1.87 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 15,428
Owner(s): TAT-14 Consortium
Manasquan
Tuckerton
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Marseille (France)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 10 - 20 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,100
Estimated System Cost (US$): 150,000,000
Owner(s): Telecom Egypt
Marseille
Alexandria
Landing Points: Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Mombasa (Kenya)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial: 120 Gb/s, Max: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 4,500
Estimated System Cost (US$): 130,000,000
Owner(s): Etisalat (15%),TEAMS Ltd. (85%)
Mombasa
Fujairah
Landing Points: Havana (Cuba),Key West (USA)
Owner(s): TeleCuba Communications
Havana
Key West
Landing Points: Highbridge (UK),Saunton Sands (UK),Wall Township (USA)
RFS Year: 2001
Capacity: 2.56 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 13,025
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Wall Township
Highbridge Saunton Sands
Landing Points: Alexandria (Egypt),Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti),Jeddah (Saudi Arabia),Marseille (France),Mumbai (India),Ras Sidr (Egypt)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: Initial Capacity: 160 Gb/s, Design Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,240
Estimated System Cost (US$): 250,000,000
Owner(s): SEACOM,Tata Communications,Telecom Egypt
Djibouti
Jeddah
Ras Sidr
Alexandria
Marseille
Landing Points: Al-Khobar (Saudi Arabia),Dubai (UAE),Kuwait City (Kuwait),Manama (Bahrain),Sumaisma (Qatar)
RFS Year: 2011
Total Length (kms): 2,306
Estimated System Cost (US$): 200,000,000
Owner(s): Tata Communications Ltd.
TGN Eurasia Backbone
Dubai
Kuwait City
Al-Khobar
Manama Sumaisma
Landing Points: Ballesteros (Phillipines),Deep Water Bay (Hong Kong),Piti (Guam),Singapore (Singapore),Toyohashi (Japan),Vung Tau (Vietnam)
RFS Year: 2009
Capacity: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 6,485
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Singapore
Vung Tau
Ballesteros
Deep Water Bay
Toyohashi
Piti
Landing Points: De Marne (Netherlands),Humanby (UK)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 578
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Humanby
De Marne
Landing Points: Emi (Japan),Hermosa Beach (USA),Nedonna Beach (USA),Toyohashi (Japan)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 5.12 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 22,134
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Toyohashi Emi
Hermosa Beach
Nedonna Beach
Chennai
Landing Points: Chennai (India),Tuas (Singapore)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 5.12 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,350
Owner(s): Tata Indicom
Tuas
Landing Points: Bilbao (Spain),Highbridge (UK),Seixal (Portugal)
RFS Year: 2002
Capacity: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 3,578
Owner(s): Tata Communications
Highbridge
Bilbao
Seixal
Landing Points: Batam (Indonesia),Songkhla (Thailand)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 30 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,100
Estimated System Cost (US$): 36,000,000
Owner(s): CAT Telecom (Thailand),PT Telekom,Singtel
Songkhla
Batam
Landing Points: Bandon (USA),Keawaula (Hawaii),Miyazaki (Japan),Ninomiya (Japan),San Luis Obispo (USA),Tumon (Guam)
RFS Year: 1996
Capacity: 10 Gb/s Initial
Total Length (kms): 24,441
Estimated System Cost (US$): 171,000,000
Owner(s): AT&T,KDDI, Entel (Peru), Chunghwa Telecom, PLDT, MCI, Sprint, Globe Telecom, Telefonica, Teleglobe, Telstra, Belgacom, BT, MFS Worldcom, SingTel, Turk Telecom
Miyazaki
Tumon
Ninomiya
Keawaula
Bandon
San Luis Obispo
Landing Points: Chongming (China),Fuzhou (China),Keoje (South Korea),Nedonna Beach (USA),Qingdao (China),Tanshui (Taiwan)
RFS Year: 2008
Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s initial, 5.12 Tb/s design
Total Length (kms): 26,333
Estimated System Cost (US$): 500,000,000
Owner(s): China Network Communications Group Corporation; China Telecommunications Corporation; China United Telecommunications Corporation; Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.; KT Corporation Int’l & Satellite Telecommunication Department; Verizon
Nedonna Beach
Fuzhou Tanshui
Qingdao Keoje Chongming
Landing Points: Curacao (Curacao),Trinidad (Trinidad)
RFS Year: 2007
Capacity: 1.875 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,240
Owner(s): Colombus Networks,New World Network
Curacao
Landing Points: Al Seeb (Oman),Fujairah (United Arab Emirates),Karachi (Pakistan)
RFS Year: 2006
Capacity: 1.28 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,241
Owner(s): Trans-World Associates
Al Seeb
Fujairah
Karachi
Landing Points: Pentaskhinos (Cyprus),Tartus (Syria)
RFS Year: 1995
Capacity: 622 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 239
Estimated System Cost (US$): 16,399,000
Owner(s): CYTA
Tartus
Pentaskhinos
Landing Points: Norden (Germany),Scarborough (UK)
RFS Year: 1999
Capacity: 8x2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 560
Estimated System Cost (US$): 50,000,000
Owner(s): British Telecom,C&W,TSI
Scarborough
Norden
Landing Points: Florianopolis (Brazil),Las Toninas (Argentina),Maldonado (Uruguay)
RFS Year: 1994
Capacity: 560 Mb/s
Total Length (kms): 1,714
Estimated System Cost (US$): 74,000,000
Owner(s): Antel (Uruguay),Embratel,Telecom Argentina,Telefonica de Argentina, AT&T, KDD, ITJ, IDC, Telefonica, Teleglobe, Sprint, Telstra, BT, SingTel, Verizon
Las Toninas Maldonado
Florianopolis
Landing Points: Chikura (Japan),Los Angeles (USA)
RFS Year: 2010
Capacity: Initial: 1.92 Tb/s, Design: 4.8 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 9,486
Estimated System Cost (US$): 300,000,000
Owner(s): Bharti Airtel Limited,Global Transit Ltd.,Google Cable Bermuda Ltd.,KDDI Corporation,PACNET,Singtel
Chikura Hermosa Beach
Landing Points: Fårösund (Sweden),Stockholm (Sweden),Ventspils (Latvia)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 2.5 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 175
Owner(s): Baltcom
Ventspils
Fårösund
Stavsnas
Stockholm
Landing Points: Balluta (Malta),Catania (Italy)
RFS Year: 2004
Capacity: 6 x 10 Gb/s
Total Length (kms): 250
Owner(s): Vodafone Malta
St. George’s Bay
Catania
Landing Points: Accra (Ghana),Alta Vista (Spain),Cape Verde (Cape Verde),Douala (Cameroon),Lagos (Nigeria),Lome (Togo),Luanda (Angola),Muanda (DRC),Pointe Noire (Congo),Sesimbra (Portugal),Walvis Bay (Namibia),Whitesands Bay (UK)
RFS Year: 2011
Capacity: 3.84 Tb/s
Total Length (kms): 14,000
Estimated System Cost (US$): 600,000,000
Owner(s): Angola Cables,Broadband Infraco,C&W,Congo Telecom,MTN Group,Office Congolais de Poste et Telecommunication,PT Comunicações,Tata Communications,Telecom Namibia,Telekom SA,Togo Telecom,Vodacom
Walvis Bay
Luanda
Pointe Noire Muanda Douala
Accra LomeLagos
Cape Verde Alta Vista
Sesimbra
Whitesand Bay
Landing Points: Cochin (India),Hulhumalé (India)
RFS Year: 2007
Total Length (kms): 1,100
Owner(s): WARF Telecom International
Hulhumalé
Cochin