Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design 10th Edition by Kenneth E. Kendall & Kendall Julie - Compl

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TEST BANK

2023

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COMPLETE Elaborated Test Bank For Systems Analysis and Design 10th Edition Kenneth E. Kendall Kendall Julie 2023

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Systems Analysis and Design 10th Edition by Kenneth E. Kendall & Kendall Julie.

ISBN-10 013478555X ISBN-13 978-0134785554

Test bank for Systems Analysis and Design 10th Edition by Kenneth E. Kendall & Kendall Julie

ISBN-10 013478555X ISBN-13 978-0134785554

THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING it is the Official Test Bank in e-version INSTANT DOWNLOAD >The test bank is what most professors use as a template when making exams for their students, which means there’s a very high chance that you will see the exact questions in the tests! >The file is either in.pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. >Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Systems Analysis Fundamentals

Chapter: 1. Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies Chapter: 2. Understanding and Modeling Organization Systems Chapter: 3. Project Management

II. Information Requirements Analysis

Chapter: 4. Information Gathering: Interactive Methods Chapter: 5. Information Gathering: Unobtrusive Methods Chapter: 6. Agile Modeling, Prototyping, and Scrum

III. The Analysis Process

Chapter: 7. Using Data Flow Diagrams Chapter: 8. Analyzing Systems Using Data Dictionaries Chapter: 9. Process Specifications and Structured Decisions Chapter: 10. Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design Using UML

IV. The Essentials of Design

Chapter: 11. Designing Effective Output Chapter: 12. Designing Effective Input Chapter: 13. Designing Databases Chapter: 14. Human-Computer Interaction and UX Design

V. Quality Assurance and Implementation

Chapter: 15. Designing Accurate Data Entry Procedures Chapter: 16. Quality Assurance and Implementation

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Systems Analysis and Design, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 1 Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies 1.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which of these software packages are not open source software (OSS)?

A) Microsoft Windows B) Mozilla Firefox Web browser C) Apache Web server D) A Linux operating system Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

2) Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst?

A) communicator B) problem solver C) programmer D) project manager Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

3) Which of these statements concerning the systems development life cycle is true?

A) Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC. B) No phase can occur until the previous phase is completed.

C) Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step.

D) There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1a-Understand the need for systems analysis and design in organizations.

4) System maintenance must be performed to: A) correct software errors.

B) add new features that have never been requested before.

C) remove features that none of the users are using.

D) keep programmers employed.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

1 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) Which of these is not used by analysts when adopting CASE tools?

A) communicating more effectively with users B) expediting the local area network C) increasing productivity D) integrating the work done during life cycle stages Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

6) An encyclopedia that is used to store all project information is called: A) a data dictionary.

B) an upper CASE tool.

C) a CASE repository.

D) a lower CASE tool.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

7) Which of the following is not a dimension used to categorize an open source community?

A) programming style B) environment C) user community D) licensing Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

8) When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for anyone to modify, it is called: A) freeware.

B) code independent software.

C) a distributed system.

D) open source software.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

2 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

9) Object-oriented approaches use what industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems?

A) artificial intelligence B) a distributed system C) the unified modeling language D) multi-view Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

10) Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach?

A) pressure B) values C) principles D) core practices Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

11) Which of the following is not one of the four values of the agile approach?

A) communication B) expertise C) simplicity D) courage Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

12) Which of the following questions would NOT be used by the analyst when determining the human information requirements of a system?

A) What needs to be done to make the system audible, legible, and safe?

B) How can the system be made within the approved budget?

C) How can the system be made pleasing or even fun to use?

D) How can the system support a user's individual work tasks and make them more productive in new ways?

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

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13) Which of these is a reason for an organization to participate in open source communities?

A) to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with other software developers B) to keep down the development costs on a project C) to increase productivity by leveraging a committed group of developers D) All of the above.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

14) Decision makers are beginning to understand that ________ is not just a byproduct of conducting business, but a critical factor in determining the success or failure of a business.

A) information B) decoration C) hesitation D) frustration Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1a-Understand the need for systems analysis and design in organizations.

15) As a(n) ________, an analyst draws on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business.

A) supporting expert B) consultant C) programmer D) agent of change Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

16) The most prominent quality of an analyst is that of a(n): A) problem solver.

B) consultant.

C) programmer.

D) agent of change.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

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17) The ________ summarizes what has been discovered about the users, usability, and usefulness of current systems; provides cost-benefit analyses of alternatives; and makes recommendations on what (if anything) should be done.

A) systems proposal B) database design C) template D) development life cycle Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

18) ________ tells users how to use software and what to do if software problems occur.

A) Program specifications packet B) Software development life cycle C) Programming guidelines D) Documentation Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

19) One important justification for CASE tools is to increase analyst: A) confidence.

B) productivity.

C) skill.

D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

20) In the information requirements phase of the ________, the analyst is striving to understand what information users need to perform their jobs A) Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) B) Human computer interface C) The keyboard D) Human computer interaction Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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21) Software that is distributed free along with the program source code is called: A) closed source software.

B) open source software.

C) Microsoft Windows.

D) outsource software.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

22) The ________ is based on values, principles and core practices.

A) fragile approach B) open source approach C) closed source approach D) agile approach Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

23) The most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst takes on is that of a(n): A) agent of change.

B) compromiser.

C) leader.

D) consultant.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

24) The ________ is a phased approach to analysis and design that holds that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities.

A) systems development life cycle B) agile approach C) object-oriented approach D) open source approach Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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25) After the system is installed, it must be ________, meaning that the computer programs must be modified and kept up to date.

A) maintained B) replaced C) replicated D) CASE'd Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

26) ________ is an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.

A) Agile method B) Systems development life cycle C) Object-oriented analysis and design D) Open source approach Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

27) ________ are those for which the conditions, condition alternatives, actions, and action rules can be determined.

A) Useful decisions B) Sequential decisions C) System-wide decisions D) Structured decisions Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

28) The design phase also includes designing ________ that will store much of the data needed by decision makers in the organization.

A) databases B) flow charts C) spreadsheets D) software design models Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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29) Maintenance is performed: A) to correct software errors.

B) to enhance the system and its capabilities in response to changing organizational needs.

C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor B. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

30) Which of the following do not describe how analysts use CASE tools?

A) decrease maintenance costs B) increase productivity C) communicate more effectively with users D) integrate the work that they do on the system from the beginning to the end of the life cycle Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

31) A CASE ________ is a large collection of records, elements, diagrams, screens, reports, and other information stored about a particular project.

A) repository B) database C) flow chart D) booklet Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

32) The four values of the agile approach are: A) communication, simplicity, user centered design and courage.

B) communication, courage, principals and core practices.

C) communication, values, feedback, and courage.

D) communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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33) Object-oriented approaches use the industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems, called ________ to break down a system into a use case model.

A) Extensible Markup Language (XML) B) HyperText Markup Language (HTML) C) Unified Modeling Language (UML) D) Vector Markup Language (VML) Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

34) The agile approach and the ________ approach both allow subsystems to be built one at a time until the entire system is complete.

A) systems development life cycle B) unified modeling C) try and try again D) object-oriented Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

35) An analyst should choose the Systems Development Life Cycle approach when: A) systems have already been developed and documented using SDLC. B) it is important to document each step of the way.

C) upper-level management feels more comfortable or safe using SDLC. D) there are adequate resources and time to complete the full SDLC. E) communication of how new systems work is important.

F) All of the above.

G) None of the above.

Answer: F Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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1.2 True/False 1) User involvement throughout the systems project is of little importance in the successful development of business information systems.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1a-Understand the need for systems analysis and design in organizations.

2) The three primary roles of the systems analyst are as consultant, supporting expert, and change agent.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

3) When analysts are hired specifically from outside the business to address information systems issues within a business, they are acting as supporting experts.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

4) Each phase of the system development life cycle is accomplished as a discrete, separate step.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

5) The first SDLC phase that the analyst enters into is that of determining information requirements for the particular users involved.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

6) A systems proposal is prepared after the analysis of system needs.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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7) During the life cycle of an information system, more time is spent in system maintenance than it took to design and develop the system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

8) CASE tools have the potential of increasing systems analysts' productivity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

9) CASE tools can allow the user to easily draw and modify diagrams.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9-10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

10) It is the drawing of diagrams rather than in their modification that CASE tools excel over the use of templates.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

11) Object-oriented techniques are used when systems must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

12) The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback and courage.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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13) Open source software is distributed for free and then users pay for updates to the software.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

14) The open source software community is a monoculture, a single unified community.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

15) It is important for the analyst to determine the human needs of the users involved in a development project.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

16) A systems analyst should never be hired specifically to address information systems issues within a business.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

17) A systems analyst should never draw on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

18) As a systems analyst, you are an agent of change whenever you perform any of the activities in the systems development life cycle and are present and interacting with users and the business for an extended period of time.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

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19) Problem solving is never a good quality for a systems analyst.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

20) In the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), several activities may occur simultaneously, and activities may be repeated.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

21) When implementing a new system, it is always best to determine the human needs of the users involved Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

22) When answering questions concerning human-computer interaction (HCI) the analyst should ask questions such as, "What are the users' physical strengths and limitations?"

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

23) The first phase of the systems development life cycle is critical to the success of the rest of the project.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

24) The second phase of the systems development life cycle begins with the documentation of the software being designed.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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25) In the third phase of the systems development life cycle, analysts can use data flow diagrams to chart the input, processes, and output of the business functions.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

26) The three major tools for analyzing structured decisions are structured English, decision tables, and decision trees.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

27) In the design phase of the SDLC, the systems analyst uses the information collected earlier to accomplish the logical design of the information system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

28) After a system is implemented, businesses spend little money on system maintenance.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

29) CASE tools were created explicitly to improve an analyst's routine work through the use of automated support.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

30) Visible Analyst (VA) is not an example of a CASE tool that enables systems analysts to do graphical planning, analysis, and design in order to build complex client/server applications and databases.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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31) The agile approach is a software development approach based on values, principles, and core practices.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

32) Object-oriented programming differs from traditional procedural programming in that it examines objects that are part of a system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

33) Object-oriented programming is the same as traditional procedural programming in that it examines objects that are part of a system.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

34) The phases in UML are similar to those in the SDLC. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

35) The SDLC and object-oriented approaches both require extensive planning and diagramming.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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1.3 Short Answer 1) List the three primary roles of the systems analyst.

Answer: The three primary roles of the systems analyst are consultant, supporting expert, and agent of change.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1b-Realize what the many roles of a systems analyst are.

2) List four of the seven phases of the systems development life cycle.

Answer: Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives - Determining human information requirements - Analyzing system needs - Designing the recommended system - Developing and documenting software - Testing and maintaining the system - Implementing and evaluating the system Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

3) Describe a situation in which an analyst would choose to use object-oriented systems analysis and design rather than the systems development life cycle.

Answer: Students should describe a situation in which the system to be designed must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments or are undergoing continuous maintenance, adaptation and redesign.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12 AACSB: Analytical thinking Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

4) What is open source software?

Answer: OSS is software where many users and programmers can study, share, and modify the code, or computer instructions.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

5) What are the four values of the agile approach?

Answer: The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10 AACSB: Information technology Learning Objective: 1c-Fundamentals of SDLC, Agile, and Object-Oriented systems analysis and design.

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5) Which of these software packages are NOT open source software (OSS)?

A) Microsoft Windows Vista B) Mozilla Firefox web browser C) Apache web server D) a Linux operating system Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 5

6) Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst?

A) communicator B) problem solver C) programmer D) project manager Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 8

7) Which of these statements concerning the systems development life cycle is true?

A) Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC. B) No phase can occur until the previous phase is completed.

C) Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step.

D) There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 8

8) During which phase of the SDLC should the analyst determine the who, what, where, when and how of the current system?

A) Determining Human Information Requirements B) Analyzing System Needs C) Designing the System D) Implementing and Evaluating the System Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 10

9) In which phase of the SDLC are data flow diagrams constructed?

A) Determining Human Information Requirements B) Analyzing System Needs C) Designing the System D) Testing and Maintaining the System Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 10

10) During which phase of the SDLC would a programmer develop an FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)?

Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

A) Analyzing System Needs B) Designing the System C) Developing and Documenting Software D) Implementing and Evaluating the System Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 11

11) During which phase of the SDLC is the analyst concerned with determining problems within the organization?

A) Identifying Problems, Opportunities, and Objectives B) Determining Human Information Requirements C) Analyzing System Needs D) Implementing and Evaluating the System Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 9

12) In which phase of the SDLC is the analyst most heavily involved in user training?

A) Designing the System B) Developing and Documenting Software C) Testing and Maintaining System D) Implementing and Evaluating the System Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 11

13) System maintenance must be performed to A) correct software errors.

B) add capabilities to the software.

C) incorporate new business requirements to the software.

D) all of the above.

Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 12

14) Which of these is not an approach taken by the analyst when adopting CASE tools?

A) communicating more effectively with users B) expediting the local area network C) increasing productivity D) integrating the work done during life cycle stages Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

15) An encyclopedia that is used to store all project information is called A) a data dictionary.

B) an upper CASE tool.

C) a CASE repository.

Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

D) a lower CASE tool.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 14

16) Which of the following is not a dimension used to categorize an open source community?

A) Programming style B) Environment C) User community D) Licensing Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 5

17) Which of the following is not an advantage of mounting an application on the Web? A) It is easy to create a Web site that different cultures can relate to.

B) the possibility of 24-hour access for users C) increasing awareness of the availability of a service, product, person, industry or group D) standardizing the design of the interface Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 4-5

18) Enterprise resource planning systems integrate A) different cultures across the globe in an ecommerce environment.

B) legacy systems into an extranet.

C) information systems existing on different management levels.

D) resources so that capital expenditures are minimized.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 5

19) Designing systems for wireless handheld devices is called A) small scale systems.

B) wcommerce.

C) mcommerce.

D) enterprise resource planning.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 5

20) When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for anyone to modify is called A) freeware.

B) code independent software.

C) a distributed system.

D) open source software.

Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 5

21) When groups need to work together to make semi-structured or unstructured decision, a solution is to use a(n) A) executive support system.

B) group decision support system.

C) expert system.

D) knowledge work system.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 3

22) A standardized language in which a system is broken down into a use case model is called A) artificial intelligence.

B) a distributed system.

C) the unified modeling language.

D) multiview.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 17

23) Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach?

A) Pressure.

B) Values.

C) Principles.

D) Core practices.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 14

24) Which of the following is not one of the four values of the agile approach?

A) Communication.

B) Expertise C) Simplicity D) Courage Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 14

25) Which of the following is a human need taken into account when considering the human-computer interaction?

A) The hardware that the system will run on.

B) The pleasing, aesthetic and enjoyable aspects of using the system.

C) The amount of training that will be required.

D) The kind of monitoring that will take place for compliance.

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Answer: B Diff: 1

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1.2 True/False 1) A management information system departs from the traditional transaction processing system in that it emphasizes the support of decision making in all its phases.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 3

2) Knowledge work systems use common software tools to manipulate but not create new information.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 3

3) Computer supported collaborative work might include groupware for teams via networked computers.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 4

4) User involvement throughout the systems project is of little importance in the successful development of business information systems.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 6

5) The three primary roles of the systems analyst are as consultant, supporting expert, and change agent.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 6

6) When analysts are hired specifically from outside the business to address information systems issues within a business, they are acting as supporting experts.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 6

7) Each phase of the system development life cycle is accomplished as a discrete, separate step.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 8

8) The first phase that the analyst enters into is that of determining information Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

requirements for the particular users involved.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 9

9) A systems proposal is prepared after the analysis of system needs.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 10

10) Structured techniques like the structure charts and pseudocode are chiefly useful during the system evaluation and implementation phase.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 11

11) During the life cycle of an information system, more time is spend in system maintenance than it took to design and develop the system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 13

12) CASE tools have the potential of increasing systems analysts' productivity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

13) CASE tools allow the user to easily draw and modify diagrams.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

14) It is the drawing of diagrams rather than in their modification that CASE tools excel over the use of templates.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

15) Upper CASE tools store data in an encyclopedia called a CASE repository.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

16) A disadvantage of using lower CASE tools is that time to maintain systems is increased.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

17) Code generators create error free computer programs.

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Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

18) Object oriented techniques are used when systems must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 17

19) The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback and courage.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 14

20) One of the advantages of ecommerce is creating a system that can extend globally.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 21) ERP is a method for developing Web sites for a single user group.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 5

22) Mcommerce systems are developed for handheld wireless devices.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 5

23) Open source software is distributed for free and then users pay for updates to the software.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 5

24) The open source software community is a monoculture, a single unified community.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 5

25) The human-computer interaction takes into account human frustrations and feelings.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 9

1.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) Decision makers are beginning to understand that is not just a byproduct of conducting business, but a critical factor in determining the success or failure of a Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

business.

Answer: information Diff: 1

Page Ref: 1

2) are computerized information systems developed to process large amounts of data for routine business transactions such as payroll and inventory.

Answer: Transaction processing systems Diff: 3

Page Ref: 2

3) are intended to bring a group together to solve a problem with the help of various supports such as polling, questionnaires, brainstorming, and scenario creation.

Answer: Group decision support systems Diff: 3

Page Ref: 3

4) An , also called a knowledge based system, effectively captures and uses the knowledge of an expert for solving a particular problem experienced in an organization.

Answer: expert system Diff: 2

Page Ref: 3

5) When analysts perform any activities in the systems development life cycle and are present in the business for an extended period of time, they are acting as .

Answer: change agents Diff: 2

Page Ref: 7

6) The most prominent quality of an analyst is that of a Answer: problem solver Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 8

7) are situations that the analyst believes can be improved through the use of information systems.

Answer: Opportunities Diff: 2

Page Ref: 9

8) The summarizes what has been found during the systems analysis phase, provides cost/benefit analyses of alternatives, and makes recommendations on what should be done.

Answer: systems proposal Diff: 2

Page Ref: 10

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9) The contains input and output layouts, file specifications, and processing details for programmers.

Answer: program specifications packet Diff: 2

Page Ref: 11

10) involves training users to use the system and planning for the smooth conversion of the old system to the new one.

Answer: Implementation Diff: 2

Page Ref: 11

11) One important justification for CASE tools is to increase analyst Answer: productivity Diff: 3

.

Page Ref: 14

12) tools generate computer code.

Answer: Lower CASE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 14

13) The is the layer of the computer that is between humans and the computer.

Answer: human computer interaction Diff: 2

Page Ref: 9

14) are available 24/7 and extend globally.

Answer: Web-based Technologies or Ecommerce Applications Diff: 2

Page Ref: 4

15) is the integration of many information systems existing on different management levels and within different functions.

Answer: Enterprise resource planning Diff: 2

Page Ref: 5

16) Wireless ecommerce is referred to as Answer: mcommerce Diff: 2

.

Page Ref: 5

17) Software that is distributed free along with the program source code is called .

Answer: open source software Diff: 2

Page Ref: 5

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18) The is based on values, principles, and core practices.

Answer: agile approach Diff: 1

Page Ref: 14

19) The most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst takes on is that of an .

Answer: agent of change Diff: 1

Page Ref: 7

20) The is a phased approach to analysis and design that holds that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities.

Answer: systems development life cycle Diff: 2

Page Ref: 8

21) An online manual or Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) would be developed during the phase.

Answer: Developing and Documenting Software Diff: 2

Page Ref: 11

22) After the system is installed, it must be programs must be modified and kept up to date.

Answer: maintained Diff: 2

, meaning that the computer

Page Ref: 12

23) By requiring people, software, and hardware to function in concert, support users in accomplishing a broader spectrum of organizational tasks than transaction processing systems, including decision analysis and decision making.

Answer: management information systems Diff: 1

Page Ref: 3

24) help executives organize their interactions with the external environment by providing graphics and communications technologies in accessible places such as boardrooms or personal corporate offices.

Answer: Executive support systems (ESS) Diff: 1

Page Ref: 4

25) is an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.

Answer: Object-oriented analysis and design Diff: 2

Page Ref: 17

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1.4 Short Answer 1) List the three primary roles of the systems analyst.

Answer: The three primary roles of the systems analyst are consultant, supporting expert, and agent of change.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 6

2) Describe how a transaction processing system is different from a decision support system.

Answer: A transaction processing system is used for large amounts of routine transactional data (company inventory or payroll), while decision support systems offers personalized data to an individual or group that is designed to support decision making in all its phases.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 2

3) List four of the seven phases of the systems development life cycle.

Answer: Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives - Determining human information requirements - Analyzing system needs - Designing the recommended system - Developing and documenting software - Testing and maintaining the system Implementing and evaluating the system Diff: 2

Page Ref: 8

4) Describe the differences between upper CASE tools and lower CASE tools.

Answer: Upper CASE tools allow the analyst to create and modify the system design, while lower CASE tools are used to generate the program code itself.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 14

5) Describe a situation in which an analyst would choose to use object-oriented systems analysis and design, rather than the systems development life cycle.

Answer: Students should describe a situation in which the system to be designed must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments or are undergoing continuous maintenance, adaptation and redesign.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 17

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 2 Understanding and Modeling Organizational Systems 2.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which of these is most closely associated with system control?

A) boundary B) environment C) feedback D) interface Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 25

2) The elements that make up an organizational system are called A) entities B) events C) factors D) relationships Answer: A Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 30

3) Which of the following symbols is not used on the context level data flow diagram?

A) rectangle with rounded corners B) triangle C) arrow D) shaded corner square Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 29

4) The context level data flow diagram depicts: A) the boundaries of a system.

B) detailed processes that transform the incoming data to information.

C) the system entities and how they are related.

D) computer programs and their files.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 29

5) An external entity may be: A) a person.

B) another department.

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C) another computer system.

D) all of the above.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 33

6) Which of these is used to depict a relationship in an entity relationship diagram?

A) triangle B) square C) crow's foot line D) rectangle Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 31

7) In an organization with many employees and many cubicles, with each employee having a unique phone extension is said to be a relationship.

A) 1:1 B) 1:M C) M:1 D) M:N Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 31

8) A crow's foot notation indicates: A) none of the other entity.

B) one of the other entity.

C) an attributive entity.

D) many of the other entity.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 31

9) An entity that describes attributes, such as repeating groups is called: A) a fundamental entity.

B) an associative entity.

C) an attributive entity.

D) an external entity.

Answer: C Diff: 1

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10) An entity that joins two other entities is called: A) a fundamental entity.

B) an associative entity.

C) an attributive entity.

D) an linking entity.

Answer: B Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 32

11) A many-to-many relationship is replaced with a(n) many relationships.

A) a fundamental entity.

B) an associative entity.

C) an attributive entity.

D) a bipolar entity.

Answer: B Diff: 3

to form two one-to-

Page Ref: 33

12) Which level of management makes decisions using predetermined rules that have predictable outcomes?

A) operations B) middle C) strategic D) None are interested in detailed information.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 44

13) Which level of management is most dependent on external information?

A) operations B) middle C) strategic D) None of these are dependent on external information.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 45

14) Which view of organizations concentrates on myths, metaphors, humor, and ceremonies?

A) culture B) human relationships C) leadership style D) technology Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 45

15) Anything external to an organization's boundaries is considered to be: A) of little importance.

B) an environment.

C) an enterprise resource system.

D) an associative entity.

Answer: B Diff: 3

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16) The free flow of information within a system is called: A) open source information.

B) a virtual organization.

C) openness.

D) enterprise wide resource availability.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 26

17) A(n) uses computer networks and communications technology to bring people together to work on projects A) virtual enterprise B) open system C) enterprise system D) official subculture Answer: A Diff: 3

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18) An integrated organizational information system is called a(n): A) virtual organization.

B) open system.

C) interrelated external entity.

D) an enterprise resource planning system.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 32

19) An enterprise resource planning system: A) is purchased rather than developed.

B) links team members at remote distances.

C) uses project management software to develop program coding schedules.

D) involves the use of isolated systems that do not interact.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 28

20) The symbol used to represent a process on a context level data flow diagram is: A) a diamond inside a rectangle.

B) a circle.

C) an oval inside a rectangle.

D) a rectangle with rounded corners.

Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 29

21) Processes on a data flow diagram: A) transform incoming data into outgoing information.

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B) represent the system boundaries.

C) represent the work that a specific user performs.

D) change the nature of the relationships on a entity-relationship diagram.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 19

22) Another name for an associative entity is: A) an attributive entity.

B) an external entity.

C) a co-variant entity.

D) a gerund.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 32

23) A zero on a relationship line indicates: A) that the relationship line is undefined.

B) the absence of any well-defined entities.

C) that none is possible for the next relationship.

D) that the relationship should be used to create an associative entity.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 31

24) Attributes that are underlined on an entity-relationship diagram: A) are the names of external entities.

B) can be searched for.

C) represent virtual organizational components.

D) are used to create attributive entities.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 34

25) The management group that has a high need for historical data along with information that allows prediction of future events is: A) operations management.

B) middle management.

C) strategic management.

D) virtual management.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 45

2.2 True/False 1) Systems and subsystems are interrelated and interdependent.

Answer: TRUE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 24

2) Feedback is a form of system control.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 25

3) Anything which affects the functioning of an organization is considered to be an environment.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 25

4) An open system allows free passage of resources (people, information, materials) through its boundaries Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 46

5) A context level data flow diagram includes many detailed processes representing the computer programs within the system.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 39

6) In an entity relationship diagram, rectangles represent entities, and ovals represent relationships.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 30

7) The elements that make up an organizational system are referred to as entities.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 30

8) A crow's foot on each side of a relationship indicates a one-to-one relationship.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 31

9) An associative entity joins two entities.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 32

10) Middle managers make decisions using predetermined rules that have predictable outcomes when implemented correctly.

Answer: FALSE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 44

11) Strategic managers work in a highly uncertain decision making environment.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 45

12) Operations managers most often make one-time decisions but the decisions made by strategic managers tend to be repetitive.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 44

13) Middle managers are highly dependent on external information.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 44

14) Strategic planners tend to use information that is more current than information used by middle managers.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 45

15) Often, considering organizational subcultures is more useful than is considering organizational culture.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 45

16) Understanding organizational subcultures may help analysts overcome resistance to change.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 46

17) Virtual enterprises use computer networks and communications technology to bring people together on a project.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 26

18) One drawback of working on a virtual team is that there is no easy way for members to share project results.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 26

19) Enterprise resource planning systems are software that help the flow of information Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

between the functional areas in an organization.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 28

20) Implementing an enterprise resource system is easy because it is easy to analyze a system currently in use.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 28

21) Another name for an attributive entity is a gerund.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 32

22) A many-to-many relationship may be implemented by using an attributive entity on one end.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 34

23) A zero on one end of a relationship line indicates that there may be none of the entity that the line is connected to.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 34

24) A primary use case describes the standard flow of events in the system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 38

25) Use cases allow people to tell stories.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 43

2.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) All systems are composed of interrelated Answer: subsystems Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 24

2) change or transform inputs into outputs.

Answer: Processes Diff: 1

Page Ref: 24

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3) All systems and subsystems are interrelated and , which indicates that when any element of a system is changed or eliminated, other system elements are also affected.

Answer: interdependent Diff: 1

Page Ref: 25

4) System outputs are used as Answer: feedback Diff: 2

Page Ref: 25

5) A(n) organization.

Answer: open Diff: 1

to compare performance with goals.

system is a system with a relatively free flow of information within the

Page Ref: 46

6) A defines the boundaries of the system.

Answer: context level data flow diagram Diff: 2

Page Ref: 34

7) The elements that make up an organizational system can be referred to as Answer: Entities Diff: 2

.

Page Ref: 30

8) A(n) is used to help model the database or files.

Answer: entity-relationship diagram Diff: 1

Page Ref: 34

9) A(n) on one end of a relationship indicates that none of the entity are a possibility.

Answer: circle or zero Diff: 1

Page Ref: 31

10) A(n) joins two fundamental entities.

Answer: associative entity Diff: 1

Page Ref: 32

11) The level of management concerned with making decisions using predetermined rules which have predictable outcomes is the manager.

Answer: operations Diff: 1

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12) coexist with "official" organizational cultures.

Answer: Subcultures Diff: 1

Page Ref: 45

13) A(n) uses computer networks and communications technology to bring people together to work on projects.

Answer: virtual enterprise Diff: 2

Page Ref: 26

14) A(n) system describes an integrated organizational information system.

Answer: enterprise resource planning Diff: 1

Page Ref: 28

15) A use case diagram contains two symbols, the Answer: use case; actor Diff: 3

and a(n)

.

Page Ref: 36

16) The relationship contains a behavior that is common to more than one use case.

Answer: includes Diff: 3

Page Ref: 37

17) The relationships handles exceptions to the basic use case.

Answer: extends Diff: 3

Page Ref: 37

18) are the state of the system before the use case may be performed.

Answer: Preconditions Diff: 3

Page Ref: 41

19) show the state of the system after the use case has finished.

Answer: Postconditions Diff: 3

Page Ref: 41

20) forms the second, or intermediate, tier of the three-tiered management system.

Answer: Middle Management Diff: 2 21) A(n)

Page Ref: 44 can only exist if it is connected to at least two other entities.

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Answer: associative entity Diff: 3

Page Ref: 32

22) A describes what a system does without describing how the system does it Answer: use case model Diff: 2

Page Ref: 36

23) The area shows why this use case is important and necessary for the business area to be successful Answer: Requirements Met Diff: 3

Page Ref: 43

24) is a rough assessment of whether there may be problems or difficulties developing the use case.

Answer: Risk Diff: 3

Page Ref: 43

25) are highly dependent on information from external sources that supply news of market trends and the strategies of competing corporations.

Answer: Strategic managers Diff: 2

Page Ref: 43

2.4 Short Answer 1) Describe the elements of an E-R diagram depicting the relationship between a person and a tee-shirt. This description should show the following relationship: Each person can have many tee-shirts, but each shirt can only be owned by a single person.

Answer: Students should describe two entities, connected with a one to many relationship.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 31

2) Give an example of the type of decision that would be made by an Operational Manager?

Answer: Students should provide an example that is consistent with the idea that Operational Managers use predetermined rules that usually have predictable outcomes, e.g dismissing an employee for reporting to work late three times in a week.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 44

3) What are the three parts of a use case scenario that are always described?

Answer: A use case always describes three things: an actor that initiates an event; the event that triggers a use case; and the use case that performs the actions triggered by the event.

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Diff: 1

Page Ref: 36

4) List the three broad, horizontal levels of management in organizations.

Answer: 1. Operational Management 2. Middle Management 3. Strategic Management Diff: 2

Page Ref: 44

5) Define openness in an organizational environment.

Answer: Openness in an organizational environment allows for free passage of resources (people, information, materials) through its boundaries Diff: 2

Page Ref: 46

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 3 Project Management 3.1 Multiple Choice 1) One way to think about problems is to: A) think that they arise from bad programming and older technology.

B) visualize them as elements on a feasibility impact grid.

C) realize that we all make mistakes and not assign blame to anyone.

D) reflect on the lack of perfection within any team framework and avoid the blame syndrome.

E) think about them as situations where goals have never been met or are no longer being met.

Answer: E Diff: 2

Page Ref: 57

2) In an interview, which of the following is not a way to identify a major point for a problem definition from an interview?

A) Users may communicate the same metaphors, such as saying the business is a journey, war, game, organism, machine, and so on.

B) Users may be purposely brief when talking about the problem.

C) Identifying an issue, topic, or theme that is repeated several times, sometimes by different people in several interviews.

D) It may be the first thing mentioned by the user.

E) Users may communicate importance by body language or may speak emphatically on an issue.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 59

3) Which of following is not a specific criteria for project selection?

A) appropriate timing of project commitment B) practical in terms of resources for the analyst and organization C) backing from programmers D) worthwhile project compared with other ways the organization could invest resources E) possibility of improving attainment of organizational goals Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 61

4) Improvements to systems include all the following except: A) combining processes.

B) Streamlining a process through the elimination of unnecessary or duplicated steps.

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C) increasing redundant output.

D) reducing errors in input through changes of forms and display screens.

E) speeding up a process.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 62

5) Which of the following is not a corporate objective affected by improvements to an information system?

A) improving cooperation with vendors and partners B) improving customer service C) improving the software development strategy of the organization D) improving internal decision support so that decisions are more effective Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 62

6) Which of the following is not a way in which systems projects are considered to be feasible?

A) operationally B) technically C) economically D) physically Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 62

7) Which of the following is concerned with the current technical resources that can be upgraded or added to in order to fulfill the requests under consideration?

A) economic feasibility B) operational feasibility C) tactical feasibility D) technical feasibility Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 63

8) Which of the following is concerned with the analyst's time and the costs for system development, hardware, and business employee time?

A) economic feasibility B) operational feasibility C) tactical feasibility D) technical feasibility Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 63

9) Which of the following is dependent upon determining human resources for the project?

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A) economic feasibility B) operational feasibility C) tactical feasibility D) technical feasibility Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 63

10) When purchasing computer equipment, which option for acquisition gives a company the ability to easily change systems for a newer model.

A) purchasing B) leasing C) renting D) borrowing Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 66

11) Which of these is most valuable in estimating project time?

A) experience B) historical records C) industry standards D) mathematical programming Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 79

12) Which of these is not an advantage of a Gantt chart?

A) communicating with users B) simplicity C) planning activities D) showing precedence Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

13) A Gantt chart contains: A) time on the vertical access.

B) money on the vertical access.

C) a description of the activities on the vertical access.

D) precedence on the vertical access.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 79

14) Which of these statements about PERT diagrams is not true?

A) An arrow represents activities.

B) A circle represents events.

C) The length of the arrow indicates activity length.

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D) Pseudo activities must occasionally be shown.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 80

15) A PERT diagram is useful when: A) activities can be done in parallel rather than sequence.

B) there is no slack time available.

C) the project team needs to know which activities should be done at which point in time.

D) activities do not have any precedent activities.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

16) The longest path through a PERT diagram is called: A) slack time.

B) the precedent activity path.

C) maximum path time.

D) the critical path.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 80

17) Which of the following is not an advantage of using a PERT diagram over a Gantt chart?

A) easy identification of the order of precedence B) easy determination of slack time C) easy to show activities that occur at any given point in time D) easy identification of the critical path Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 81

18) Which of the following is not a desirable team member characteristic?

A) A good work ethic.

B) A readiness to take on leadership based on expertise.

C) Honesty.

D) Position within the organization.

E) Enthusiasm for the project.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 83

19) Tangible benefits are advantages measurable in organization through the use of the information system A) dollars B) employee moral C) good will D) advertising

that accrue(s) to the

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Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 72

20) examines the direction, size, and pattern of cash flow that is associated with the proposed information system.

A) Cash flow analysis B) Present value analysis C) Break-even analysis D) Employee moral analysis Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 75

21) Which of these is not a reason that goal setting motivates team members?

A) It clarifies what must be done to get results.

B) It makes explicit what is expected of team members.

C) It portrays the operational technology in understandable terms.

D) Simply setting goals and monitoring them seems to motivate individuals.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 86

22) Which of the following is not a difference between managing ecommerce projects and the traditional projects?

A) The data used in ecommerce is scattered all over the organization.

B) The staff used for ecommerce has a unified set of skills.

C) Ecommerce managers need to initially build internal and external partnerships.

D) Security in ecommerce is a must.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 86

23) Which of the following is clarified by the project charter?

A) Analysis expectations.

B) How much can the scope change before the project will be over budget.

C) The project deliverables.

D) How much will the project cost.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 87

24) Which of the following is a reason given by programmers for failed projects?

A) Impossible or unrealistic completion dates B) Not adding more people to the project to expedite it C) Seeking outside help instead of trusting the development staff D) Not enough programming development tools Answer: A Diff: 2

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25) Systems analysts formulate numbers that represent both current and projected for the system so that any hardware obtained will possess the capability to handle current and future needs.

A) inventory B) power requirements C) heating and cooling needs D) workloads Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 64

3.2 True/False 1) Feedback gives information about the gap between actual and intended performance.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 57

2) Analysts should have little interest in improving worker satisfaction with the system.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 57

3) Objectives are major, independent pieces of the problem.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 58

4) Requirements on a problem definition include the word "not."

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 58

5) After the objectives are stated, the relative importance of the issues or objectives must be determined.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 59

6) When trying to define the problems, try to witness the problem first hand.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 59

7) Prospective projects should be examined from a systems perspective in order to consider the impact of the proposed change on the entire organization.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

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8) Reducing errors of data input is NOT a legitimate object of systems projects.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 62

9) A feasibility study is used to gather broad data for the members of management that in turn enables them to make a decision on whether to proceed with a systems study.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 62

10) Technical feasibility is dependent upon determining human resources for the project.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 63

11) Judging the feasibility of a proposed systems project is usually a clear cut decision.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 63

12) A commitment from management to conduct a feasibility study means that the proposed system is accepted.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 63

13) Using a weighted average formula to determine expected activity times is probably the best strategy for estimating those times.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 79

14) PERT diagrams are useful when activities can be done in parallel rather than in

sequence Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 80

15) PERT is an acronym for Program Evaluation and Review Techniques.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

16) The main advantage of the PERT diagram is its simplicity.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

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17) The length of the arrows in a PERT diagram has a direct relationship with the duration of the activity.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

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18) The critical path is defined as the most expensive path.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

19) PERT diagrams occasionally need to use dummy activities to preserve the logic.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

20) An advantage of PERT diagrams is the easy determination of slack time.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 81

21) A PERT diagram does NOT allow for easy identification of the critical path and thus critical activities.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 81

22) The project manager is often the lead systems analyst.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 82

23) By comparing costs alone, the systems analyst can use break-even analysis to determine the break-even capacity of the proposed information system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 74

24) Intangible costs are those that can be accurately projected by the systems analyst and the business' accounting personnel.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

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25) Tangible costs include losing a competitive edge, losing the reputation for being first with an innovation or the leader in a field, declining company image due to increased customer dissatisfaction, and ineffective decision making due to untimely or inaccessible information Answer: FALSE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 74

3.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) gives information about the gap between actual and intended performance.

Answer: Feedback Diff: 1

Page Ref: 57

2) On a problem definition, situation.

Answer: issues; objectives Diff: 2

are the current situation;

are the desired

Page Ref: 59

3) on a problem definition are the things that must be accomplished.

Answer: Requirements Diff: 1 Page Ref: 58 4) After the objectives are stated on a problem definition, the relative issues or objectives must be determined.

Answer: importance Diff: 2

of the

Page Ref: 59

5) feasibility refers to projecting whether the system will operate and be used once it is installed.

Answer: Operational Diff: 1

Page Ref: 63

6) includes all the activities required to select a systems analysis team, assign members of the team to appropriate projects, estimate time required to complete each task, and schedule the project so that tasks are completed in a timely fashion.

Answer: Planning Diff: 2

Page Ref: 77

7) means using feedback to monitor the project.

Answer: Control Diff: 3

Page Ref: 77

8) A chart is a chart on which bars represent each task.

Answer: Gantt Diff: 1

Page Ref: 79

9) The longest path through a PERT diagram is referred to as the Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

path.

Answer: critical Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

10) An advantage of is that they allow easy identification of the order of precedence and easy determination of slack time.

Answer: PERT diagrams Diff: 2

Page Ref: 80

11) The project manager is often the lead Answer: systems analyst Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 82

12) When assembling a team, a project manager should look for people with both and .

Answer: experience; enthusiasm Diff: 1

Page Ref: 84

13) A team leader who is concerned with the social relationships between group members is known as a leader.

Answer: socioemotional Diff: 3

Page Ref: 85

14) A norm is one that could make team members waste resources.

Answer: dysfunctional Diff: 2

Page Ref: 85

15) Setting goals can team members by clarifying for them and others what must be done in order to get results.

Answer: motivate Diff: 1

Page Ref: 86

16) software packages are purchased and may allow some customization.

Answer: COTS Diff: 2

Page Ref: 68

17) In systems, the data is scattered across the organization Answer: ecommerce Diff: 1

Page Ref: 86

18) Since ecommerce systems must link with the outside world, developing and implementing a before the new system is in place is an absolute must.

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Answer: security plan Diff: 1

Page Ref: 86

19) The value of a is to systematically list all of the problems that can occur.

Answer: fishbone diagram Diff: 2

Page Ref: 87

20) deals with the basic resources to consider are your time and that of the systems analysis team, the cost of doing a full systems study (including the time of employees you will be working with), the cost of the business employee time, the estimated cost of hardware, and the estimated cost of software or software development.

Answer: Economic Feasibility Diff: 1

Page Ref: 63

21) The three main options for acquisition of computer hardware are buying, or renting it.

Answer: leasing Diff: 1

Page Ref: 66

22) The point at which the total costs of the current system and the proposed system intersect represents the , the point where it becomes profitable for the business to get the new information system.

Answer: break-even point Diff: 2

Page Ref: 74

23) deals with whether or not it is possible to develop a new system given the current technical resources.

Answer: Technical Feasibility Diff: 1

Page Ref: 63

24) examines the direction, size, and pattern of cash flow that is associated with the proposed information system.

Answer: Cash-flow analysis Diff: 1

Page Ref: 75

25) helps the systems analyst to present to business decision makers the time value of the investment in the information system as well as the cash flow.

Answer: Present value analysis Diff: 2

Page Ref: 75

3.4 Short Answer Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

1) List four criteria for evaluating system hardware.

Answer: 1. The time required for average transactions (including how long it takes to input data and how long it takes to receive output) 2. The total volume capacity of the system (how much can be processed at the same time before a problem arises) 3. The idle time of the CPU or network 4. The size of the memory provided Diff: 3

Page Ref: 66

2) What are the five major project management fundamentals?

Answer: 1. Project initiation 2. Determining project feasibility 3. Activity planning and control 4. Project scheduling 5. Managing systems analysis team members Diff: 2

Page Ref: 91

3) What are the five important criteria for systems project selection?

Answer: 1. That the requested project be backed by management 2. That it be timed appropriately for a commitment of resources 3. That it move the business toward attainment of its goals 4. That it be practical 5. That it be important enough to be considered over other possible projects Diff: 3

Page Ref: 91

4) What does ASP stand for in terms of software delivery? Give an example of a major US firm that could be considered an ASP. Answer: Application Service Provider; Many firms may fit this example, major ones include Microsoft, IBM & Oracle Diff: 3

Page Ref: 68

5) Which form of analysis would you use to "sell" a systems project to a manager that is only interested in how many widgets will need to be sold before the project becomes profitable. Why? Answer: Break-even analysis - It can be used to accurately determine how many units will need to be sold in order to make a project profitable.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 74

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 4 Information Gathering: Interactive Methods 4.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which of these is most useful in understanding an organization's culture more fully?

A) goals B) feelings C) informal procedures D) opinions Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 104

2) Which of these steps in interview preparation is most helpful in allowing the interviewer to build a vocabulary common to the interviewee?

A) deciding on question types and structure B) deciding whom to interview C) establishing interview objectives D) preparing the interviewee E) reading background material Answer: E Diff: 2

Page Ref: 104

3) Which of the following should be used to prepare the interviewee?

A) Email your questions to the interviewee ahead of time so that he/she can formulate responses.

B) Tell the interviewee the type and format of the questions.

C) Let the interviewee know the names of other people that you have interviewed.

D) Ask the interviewee what he/she would like to be questioned about.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 105

4) Which of these interview structures begins with the general and ends with the specific?

A) circle B) diamond C) funnel D) pyramid Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 109

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5) Which of these is an advantage of open-ended questions?

A) allows more spontaneity B) gets to the point more quickly C) makes comparing interviews easier D) saves time Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 105

6) Which of these is an advantage of closed interview questions?

A) keeps interviewer in control of the interview B) makes it more interesting for the interviewee C) makes phrasing easier for the interviewer D) provides richness of detail Answer: A Diff: 4

Page Ref: 113106

7) Which kind of question is easiest to analyze?

A) closed B) open C) probe D) tactical Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 106

8) Probing questions: A) should be avoided, since they may make the interviewee feel that he/she is being interrogated.

B) are not used when interviewing business professionals since the questioning should be strictly limited to understanding the system and business situation.

C) are used to clarify, draw out and expand on the interviewee's point.

D) should be done using an investigative/reporter approach.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 107

9) Which structure should be used when you want to warm up the interviewee to a topic?

A) funnel B) pyramid C) diamond D) oval Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 108

10) After an interview has been conducted, which of these is not a good idea?

A) arranging for a followup meeting with the interviewee Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

B) proceeding directly to the next scheduled interview while you are still in "interview mode" C) writing the interview report as soon as possible after the interview D) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 109

11) What question should be asked at the end of an interview?

A) "Are there any answers that you would like to change, now that you have had time to think things over?"

B) "Others in your organization have provided conflicting information. Do we have your permission to explain your point of view" C) "Do you mind if we check your answers out with others in future interviews?"

D) "Is there anything we haven't touched on that you think it is important for me to know?"

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 109

12) The written interview report: A) should be written as soon as possible after the interview.

B) should be a transcript of the interview.

C) should not be shown to the interviewee since it may contain interview opinions that may not be perceived as favorable.

D) should not contain the user's name or position.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 109

13) Which of the following is not an advantage of using Joint Application Design (JAD)?

A) Users have improved ownership of the system.

B) The time to develop the system is reduced.

C) JAD works independent of organizational culture.

D) JAD help to generate new ideas.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 114

14) JAD sessions: A) are used when several interviews, with several users, contain only closed, detailed questions.

B) are used when the users do not get along with one another.

C) are used to perform interviews with management and primary clients outside the corporation.

D) are used to reduce the time and the cost of doing many one-to-one interviews Answer: D Diff: 2

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15) A JAD session involves: A) casual planning, since the interaction between users is when the activity occurs in a creative fashion.

B) using a session leader that has excellent communication skills.

C) having a systems analyst as a session leader.

D) note-taking by all the individuals within the session.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 111

16) JAD sessions may be used when A) user groups are restless and want something new.

B) organizational culture is very individualistic and the employees need to learn how to relate to one another.

C) the users are pressed for time and cannot get away for the block of time required for many interviews.

D) the questions are very closed and the analysts are not concerned about idea generation.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 111

17) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of JAD sessions?

A) JAD requires a commitment of a large block of time from the users.

B) If the preparation for a JAD session is inadequate, it may result is a less than satisfactory design.

C) Only one or two users have input into a JAD session.

D) The organizational culture may not support a JAD session.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 113

18) Which term is defined as "what organizational members do"?

A) attitudes B) behavior C) beliefs D) characteristics Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 114

19) Which term is defined as "what people in the organization say they want"?

A) attitudes B) behavior C) beliefs D) characteristics Answer: A Diff: 2

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20) Which is not a guideline in determining whether use of questionnaires is appropriate?

A) The people you need to question are widely dispersed.

B) There are only a few people involved in the systems project.

C) You are doing an exploratory study to gauge overall opinion.

D) You desire to do problem sensing to identify problems with the current system.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 114

21) The biggest difference between the questions used for most interviews and those on questionnaires is: A) interview questions may be open ended.

B) interview questions may be grouped into categories.

C) interviewing allows the analyst to include questions that are both open ended and closed.

D) interviewing permits interaction between the questions and their meanings.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 114

22) Closed questions should be used when the analyst: A) needs to explore a new situation.

B) is able to list all possible responses.

C) needs to learn an opinion.

D) has only a small group of people to obtain information from.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 115

23) Which is not a good guideline to use when choosing questionnaire language?

A) Avoid bias in wording.

B) Do not use low-level language choices.

C) Keep questions general rather than specific.

D) Keep questions short.

E) Use respondents' language whenever possible.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 116

24) The degree in which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure is called: A) external consistency.

B) internal consistency.

C) factoring.

D) validity.

Answer: D Diff: 2

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25) The problem of that occurs when respondents rate everything as average is called: A) bipolarity.

B) central tendency.

C) halo effect.

D) leniency.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 119

4.2 True/False 1) In an interview, opinions may be more important and more revealing than facts.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 104

2) The interview is a valuable time to explore key human-computer interaction concerns.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 104

3) When deciding whom to interview, it is unnecessary to include all organizational levels which will be affected by the system.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 105

4) A bipolar question is a special kind of open-ended question.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 106

5) One drawback of closed questions is the possibility that they may bore the interviewee.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 107

6) One benefit of a closed interview question is the richness of detail provided.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 106

7) When the interviewer begins with a very detailed set of questions and then expands the scope, the interview is said to have a funnel shape.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 108

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8) A pyramid structure should be used if the analyst believes the interviewee needs to warm up to the topic.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 108

9) A funnel-shaped question sequence is useful when the interviewee feels emotionally about the topic and needs freedom to express those emotions.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 109

10) The diamond structure has the advantage of taking less interviewer time.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 109

11) The longer you wait to write up your interview, the more suspect the quality of the data becomes.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 109

12) No more than one JAD session should be conducted with an interviewee.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 111

13) A JAD session should be held at a comfortable location away from the corporate headquarters.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 112

14) A drawback of holding JAD sessions is that the system usually takes longer to implement while each person schedules their individual meeting.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 114

15) It is unimportant to read background information about the organization prior to an interview since it adds to the expense of the project and the information may be obtained from early open-ended questions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

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16) One advantage of JAD sessions is that it isolates the user from the analysis and design process.

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Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 113

17) Behavior is defined as "what people in the organization say they want.'"

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 114

18) Responses gained through questionnaires using open-ended questions are relatively easy to quantify.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 122

19) Questionnaires are a quick way to gather massive amounts of data.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 114

20) A questionnaire is an excellent means of doing an in depth analysis of a manager's decision-making processes.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 114

21) Using questionnaires is useful for doing exploratory studies to gauge overall opinion.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 114

22) Questionnaires are useful in providing the analyst with interactive feedback.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 114

23) Validity is the degree to which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 118

24) Reliability measures the degree to which the respondents may be trusted to complete the questionnaire.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 118

25) The halo effect is when an impression formed in one question carries into the next question.

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Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 119

4.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) The interview is also a valuable time to explore key ergonomic aspects and system usability.

Answer: human computer interaction (HCI) Diff: 1

concerns, including

Page Ref: 104

2) During an interview, the analyst should get the of the interviewees, their feelings, organizational and personal goals, and informal procedures.

Answer: opinions Diff: 1

Page Ref: 103

3) An example of an decision."

Answer: open-ended Diff: 1

question is "Explain how you make a purchasing

Page Ref: 105

4) A question has a finite number of responses.

Answer: closed Diff: 2

Page Ref: 106

5) A question for which there are only two possible responses, e.g., yes or no, is known as a question.

Answer: bipolar Diff: 1

Page Ref: 106

6) An example of a Answer: probe Diff: 1

is the question "Why?"

Page Ref: 107

7) An inductive organization of interview questions can be visualized as having a shape.

Answer: pyramid Diff: 2

Page Ref: 108

8) With a structure, the interviewer begins with generalized questions and then narrows possible responses.

Answer: funnel Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 109

9) An interview that begins in a very specific way, then examines general issues, and concludes very specifically is said to have a shape.

Answer: diamond Diff: 2

Page Ref: 109

10) can replace a series of one-on-one interviews.

Answer: Joint Application Design Diff: 1

Page Ref: 111

11) A is responsible for taking notes at a JAD session.

Answer: scribe Diff: 3

Page Ref: 111

12) The is responsible for keeping the JAD session on track and for negotiating and resolving conflicts.

Answer: session leader Diff: 2

Page Ref: 111

13) offer technical explanations and advice during a JAD session.

Answer: Observers Diff: 2

Page Ref: 111

14) are what people in the organization say they want.

Answer: Attitudes Diff: 3

Page Ref: 114

15) are what people think is actually true.

Answer: Beliefs Diff: 3

Page Ref: 114

16) is what organizational members do.

Answer: Behavior Diff: 2

Page Ref: 114

17) are properties of people or things.

Answer: Characteristics Diff: 3

Page Ref: 114

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18) questions leave all possible response options to the respondent.

Answer: Open-ended Diff: 1

Page Ref: 115

19) is the process of assigning numbers to an attribute for the purpose of measuring that attribute.

Answer: Scaling Diff: 2

Page Ref: 118

20) scales are used to classify things.

Answer: Nominal Diff: 3

Page Ref: 118

21) is the degree to which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure.

Answer: Validity Diff: 1

Page Ref: 118

22) One quality questionnaires must possess is Answer: reliability Diff: 2

, a measure of consistency.

Page Ref: 118

23) is a problem caused by respondents who rate everything as average.

Answer: Central tendency Diff: 1

Page Ref: 119

24) Administering a questionnaire minimal duplication costs.

Answer: electronically Diff: 1

is one way to reach current users with

Page Ref: 122

25) A is used to obtain a yes-no or true-false answer on a Web survey.

Answer: radio button Diff: 2

Page Ref: 119

4.4 Short Answer 1) What are the five steps in the interview preparation process?

Answer: 1. Read background material 2. Establish interviewing objectives.

3. Decide whom to interview Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

4. Prepare the interviewee 5. Decide on question types and structure.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 105

2) Compose an open-ended question for Dr. DiVito, a university professor who is eligible for retirement in three weeks.

Answer: Example: Dr. DiVito, what factors do you take into account when deciding whether or not to retire?

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 105

3) When should an interviewer compose a written interview report and why?

Answer: To capture as much data about the interview as possible, the interviewer should compose their written report as soon as the interview is complete.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 109

4) Describe a situation in which JAD would be ideal.

Answer: Students should describe one of the following situations: (1) User groups are restless and want something new, not a standard solution to a typical problem, (2) The organizational culture supports joint problem-solving behaviors among multiple levels of employees, (3) Analysts forecast that the number of ideas generated via one-on-one interviews will not be as plentiful as the number of ideas possible from an extended group exercise or (4) Organizational workflow permits the absence of key personnel during a two-to-four-day block of time.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 111

5) List three of the five methods of administering a questionnaire.

Answer: The five methods are: (1) Convening all concerned respondents together at one time, (2) Personally handing out blank questionnaires and taking back completed ones, (3) Allowing respondents to self-administer the questionnaire at work and drop it in a centrally located box, (4) Mailing questionnaires to employees at branch sites and supplying a deadline, instructions, and return postage, (5) Administering the questionnaire electronically either via email or on the Web. Diff: 2

Page Ref: 112

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 5 Information Gathering: Unobtrusive Methods 5.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following is a reason why a systems analyst would sampling?

A) thorough collection of data B) increasing user involvement C) accuracy is not a project requirement D) reducing bias Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 132

2) Which is not a key question on which the systems analyst must make a decision?

A) Which should the systems analyst pay attention to, among many reports, forms, output documents, and memos?

B) Which should the systems analyst ignore?

C) Which people should the systems analyst interview?

D) Which people should the systems analyst seek information from via questionnaires?

E) Which people should the systems analyst observe in the process of carrying out their mission?

Answer: E Diff: 2

Page Ref: 131

3) Which is not one of four steps that a systems analyst must follow to design a good sample?

A) Determine the data to be collected or described.

B) Determine the population to be sampled.

C) Choose the type of population.

D) Describe the sample size.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 132

4) Which is not a main type of sample?

A) objectiveness B) convenience C) purposive D) simple E) complex Answer: A Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 132

5) Which is not a quality of a convenience sample?

A) unrestricted samples B) non-probability samples C) the most difficult samples to arrange D) the most unreliable samples Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133 6) Which is not an approach for complex random samples?

A) Random Sampling.

B) Systematic sampling.

C) Stratified sampling.

D) Cluster sampling.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 133

7) Which sampling technique is usually the most important to the systems analyst?

A) random sampling B) systematic sampling C) stratified sampling D) cluster sampling Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 133

8) Which determines the sample size?

A) cluster itself B) what we know about the sample itself C) population D) systems analyst Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 134

9) Which is the formula of the necessary sample size (n), where p is the proportion of the population having the attribute and p is the standard error of the proportion?

A) n = p (1-p)

+1

B) n = p (1-p) /

2+1

C) n = p (1-p) /

2

D) n = p (1+p) / Answer: B

2+1

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 134

10) The overriding variable that determines how many people the systems analyst should Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

interview in depth is: A) the number of analysts interviewing.

B) the number of users in an organization.

C) the number of departments and the number of users in an organization.

D) the time an interview takes.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

11) A good rule of thumb is to interview: A) at least three people on every level of the organization and at least one from each functional area directly involved in the system.

B) at least one person on every level of the organization and at least three from each functional area directly involved in the system.

C) at least one person on every level of the organization and at least one from each functional area directly involved in the system.

D) at least one person on every level of the organization and at least two from each functional area directly involved in the system.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

12) Which is not a quantitative document available for interpretation in any business?

A) records B) reports used for decision making C) performance reports D) data capture records Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 136

13) What provides periodic updates of what is occurring in the business?

A) performance reports B) records C) reports used for decision making D) data capture forms Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

14) Which is not a way that the analyst can inspect a record?

A) checking for consistency in report font types and logo placement.

B) looking for opportunities for improving the recording form design C) observing the number and type of transactions D) watching for instances where the computer can simplify the work Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

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15) Which is not a way to proceed when creating a catalog of forms to help you understand the information flow currently in use in business?

A) collect examples of all of the forms in use B) note the type of form C) document the intended distribution pattern D) compare the intended distribution pattern with who actually analyzes the form Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 138

16) Which is not a guideline that can help analysts to take a systematic approach to analysis?

A) examine documents for key or guiding metaphors B) look for insiders versus outsiders or "we against them" mentally in documents C) list terms that characterize good or evil which almost never appear in documents D) recognize a sense of humor, if present Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 140

17) Which is the most common information flow in an organization?

A) upward and horizontally B) downward and horizontally C) upward and vertically D) downward and vertically Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 140

18) Which of these recording techniques has a decision maker column and all of their actions in the right-hand column?

A) adjective pairs B) categories C) scales D) analyst's playscript Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 142

19) Which of these is not an organizational element of interest with the STROBE technique?

A) decision maker's body language B) decision maker's placement within an office C) decision maker's clothing D) office lighting and color E) office location Answer: A Diff: 2

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20) Decision makers that have their desk facing the wall with a chair at the side of the desk: A) are putting themselves in the strongest possible power position.

B) are insecure and weak.

C) are probably encouraging participation and equal exchanges.

D) are likely to have low seniority in a corporation.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 144

21) If file cabinets and bookshelves are not present in the decision maker's office: A) they have little seniority and a restricted budget.

B) it is likely that they store and value internal information.

C) they are not very active within the corporation and do not have a handle on the business.

D) it is likely that they store very few items of information personally.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 145

22) The presence of small equipment such as calculators and PCs indicates that the decision maker: A) is very technically savvy.

B) uses the equipment personally.

C) has a large and important budget.

D) is one who puts on a show of being busy, even if they are not active.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

23) If a decision maker has trade journals and newspaper clipping about other companies, they tend to work with: A) external information.

B) internal information.

C) detailed corporate information.

D) summarized corporate information.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

24) An office lighted with warm, incandescent lighting indicates a tendency toward: A) formal communication.

B) gathering information from memos.

C) personal communication.

D) a person that is interested in external information.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

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25) The clothing for women that indicates maximum authority, according to some researchers, is: A) a floor-length dress.

B) a pants suit.

C) a small black dress.

D) a skirted suit.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 146

5.2 True/False 1) Sampling helps accelerate the process by gathering selected data rather than all data for the entire population.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 132

2) Data-gathering bias can be reduced by sampling.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 132

3) When the systems analyst asks an opinion of a permanent feature of the installed information system, the executive interviewed may provide an unbiased evaluation since there is little possibility of changing it.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 132

4) Stratification is the process of identifying subpopulations (or strata) and then selecting objects or people for sampling within these subpopulations.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 133

5) It is necessary to set a sample size greater than one but less than the size of the population itself.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 133

6) The absolute number is less important in sampling than the percentage of the population.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 133

7) A good rule of thumb is to interview at least five people on every level of the Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

organization.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

8) More people should be interviewed Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

9) If the stratified sample is done properly, a small number of people will adequately represent the entire organization.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 136

10) Examining documents for key or guiding metaphors is done because behavior shapes language.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 140

11) Analysis of memo content will provide you with a clear idea of the values, attitudes, and beliefs of organizational members.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 141

12) Signs serve as subtle reinforcements of values of those who read them.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 141

13) Corporate Web sites are not useful as an indication of organizational culture.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 141

14) One way of analyzing qualitative documents is to notice the graphics, animation, and hyperlinks displayed on Web pages.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 141

15) There are two dimensions used to analyze a Web site: technical and aesthetic.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 141

16) When using the analyst's playscript, activities are recorded using nouns that describe Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

the outcome.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 142

17) Playscript is an organized and systematic approach that demands that the analyst understand and articulate the action taken by the decision maker.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 142

18) Executives who enclose a visitor in a tight space with his/her back to the wall is in an insecure, weak power position.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 145

19) Stationary office equipment includes equipment like file cabinets, bookshelves, and other storage equipment.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 145

20) Offices distributed along the perimeter of the building often result in reports being held up in one of the offices.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 143

21) Trade journals and newspaper clippings observed in an office indicate that the manager has an interest in external information.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

22) Executives in warmly lit offices tend to gather information more informally than other executives do.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 146

23) The formal two-piece suit for a man and a skirted suit for a woman represents the maximum authority.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

24) There is little truth to the idea that casual dressing in traditional organizations results in some loss of credibility.

Answer: FALSE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 146

25) An anecdotal list uses five shorthand symbols to evaluate the elements of STROBE. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 147

5.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) is the process of systematically population.

Answer: Sampling Diff: 1

Page Ref: 131

2) The duties and responsibilities of the systems analyst are to identify the , the attributes, and even the associated attributes that need to be gathered in the sample.

Answer: variables Diff: 3

Page Ref: 132

3) The simplest method of probability sampling is called Answer: systematic Diff: 1

sampling.

Page Ref: 133

4) When the systems analyst selects a group of documents or people to study, it is an example of sampling.

Answer: cluster Diff: 2

Page Ref: 133

5) The absolute number is more important in sampling than the percentage of the .

Answer: population Diff: 1

Page Ref: 133

6) A good rule of thumb is to interview at least organization.

Answer: three Diff: 2

people on every level of the

Page Ref: 136

7) Most reports take on the general form of actual versus intended performance.

Answer: performance Diff: 1

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8) provide periodic updates of what is occurring in the business.

Answer: Records Diff: 2

Page Ref: 136

9) Quantitative documents include memos, areas, procedure manuals, and policy handbooks.

Answer: signs Diff: 2

on bulletin boards and in work

Page Ref: 140

10) Assessing use of provides a quick and accurate barometer of many HCI, interpersonal, and organizational variables.

Answer: humor Diff: 1

Page Ref: 140

11) Examining allows the systems analyst to gain an awareness of the values, attitud es , an d be l iefs that are guiding the corporation.

Answer: policies Diff: 1

Page Ref: 141

12) is an information gathering technique that allows the analyst to see firsthand how managers process and use information.

Answer: Observation Diff: 2

Page Ref: 142

13) is an organized and systematic approach that demands that analysts understand and articulate the action taken by decision makers being observed.

Answer: Playscript Diff: 2

Page Ref: 142

14) A form of structured observation having roots in film criticism is known as .

Answer: STROBE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 142

15) offices tend to increase interaction frequency and informal messages.

Answer: Accessible Diff: 2

Page Ref: 143

16) Placement of a desk in the office can provide clues to the exercise of decision maker Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

by the

Answer: power Diff: 1

Page Ref: 144

17) When using the STROBE technique, small equipment used to process information, e.g., pens, calculators, etc., are referred to as .

Answer: props Diff: 1

Page Ref: 145

18) If an office contains trade journals and newspaper clippings about other companies, the decision maker is likely to be interested in information.

Answer: external Diff: 2

Page Ref: 146

19) An office lighted with warm, incandescent lighting indicates a tendency toward more communication.

Answer: personal Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

20) Casual dressing by leaders may result in some loss of organizational culture values traditional, conservative clothing.

Answer: credibility Diff: 1

if the predominant

Page Ref: 146

21) The shorthand symbol used in conjunction with STROBE to indicate that narrative is modified is a .

Answer: square Diff: 3

Page Ref: 148

22) The systems analyst can gain an understanding of the credibility exhibited by managers in the organization by observing their .

Answer: clothing Diff: 1

Page Ref: 146

23) , bookshelves, and other large equipment for storing items are all included in the category of stationary office equipment.

Answer: File cabinets Diff: 2

Page Ref: 145

24) An office lighted with warm, personal communication.

Answer: incandescent

lighting indicates a tendency toward more

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Diff: 3

Page Ref: 146

25) STROBE is short for of the Answer: Structured Observation / Environment Diff: 3

.

Page Ref: 141

5.4 Short Answer 1) List three of the four reasons why the systems analyst would want to sample data or select representative people to interview.

Answer: 1. Containing costs 2. Speeding up the data gathering 3. Improving effectiveness 4. Reducing bias Diff: 2

Page Ref: 132

2) List five of the seven concrete elements of the decision maker's physical environment that can be observed by the systems analyst using STROBE. Answer: 1. Office location 2. Desk placement 3. Stationary equipment 4. Props 5. External information sources 6. Office lighting and color 7. Clothing worn by decision makers Diff: 2

Page Ref: 144

3) Company A has 500 employees. Company B has 800 employees. Would the analyst working with company B need to interview more employees than the analyst working with Company A? Why or why not?

Answer: An analyst does not have to interview more people just because they are working with the larger organization. If the stratified sample is done properly, a small number of people will adequately represent the entire organization.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 136

4) What effect on sample size does using a greater confidence level have when sampling attribute data?

Answer: As the confidence level increases, so does the sample size.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 134

5) What are the four steps to follow to design a good sample?

Answer: 1. Determine the data to be collected or described.

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2. Determine the population to be sampled.

3. Choose the type of sample.

4. Decide on the sample size.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 132

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 6 Agile Modeling and Prototyping 6.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which prototype includes only some, but not all, of the components of the final system?

A) first of a series prototype B) selected features prototype C) nonworking scale model D) patched-up prototype Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 157

2) Which kind of prototyping is most similar to what engineers call "bread boarding"?

A) first fullscale model B) model bearing some essential features C) nonworking scale model D) patched-up prototype Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 156

3) A patched-up prototype is likely to be: A) controversial.

B) inefficient.

C) nonworking.

D) standardized.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 156

4) Which of these is a potential disadvantage of prototyping?

A) ineffective for helping users articulate requirements B) shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood C) more expensive than the traditional SDLC D) slower development than the traditional SDLC Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 161

5) Which of these is not a guideline for developing a prototype?

A) Build the system slowly and carefully.

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B) Modify the prototype in successive iterations.

C) Emphasize the user interface.

D) Work in manageable modules.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 159

6) Which of these is not an advantage of prototyping?

A) affords opportunity to change the system early in its development B) buffers users against computer malfunctioning C) helps prevent the adoption of inadequate systems D) presents more opportunities to improve the user's needs and expectations Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 161

7) Which of these is not a way users can be expected to help in prototyping?

A) experimenting with the prototype B) giving open reactions to the prototype C) providing the necessary technical expertise for interfacing with the database D) suggesting possible deletions to the prototype Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 162

8) Which of the following is not one of the three broad phases of RAD? A) requirements planning B) analysis C) design workshop D) implementation Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 164

9) In the requirements planning phase: A) analysts define the requirements that must be met before RAD may continue.

B) analysts and users work to list all the preliminary requirements that must have management support before starting RAD. C) analysts work with the CIO and strategic planners to understand the data and process details D) users and analysts meet to identify objectives of the application or system.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 164

10) During the RAD design workshop: A) users design the system interfaces, the components that they are going to work with on a day-to-day basis.

B) under the guidance of analysts, users receive training and construct simple screen and Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

report prototypes.

C) users respond to actual working prototypes and analysts refine designed modules based on the responses.

D) users and analysts work to come up with the requirements that must be included in the system.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 164

11) Which of the following is a disadvantage of RAD? A) The application has a quick learning curve for programmers, which may not attract people interested in the project.

B) The cost of the project is several times the cost of using the systems development life cycle.

C) The project may not have any documentation.

D) The users may not like the final product since they have not been involved beyond the requirements phase.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 166

12) The implementation phase of RAD: A) is performed once all the programs have been developed.

B) is more complicated for ecommerce systems since there may not be an existing system to convert.

C) is a very difficult time for the users since there is little user participation.

D) is in many ways less stressful than other phases.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 166

13) The agile approach is based on: A) values.

B) principles.

C) practices.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 175

14) Systems that require constant updating and technical design are prone to which kind of error?

A) Miscommunication.

B) Design.

C) Coding.

D) Documentation.

Answer: A

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15) Which of the following is not one of the four values of agile modeling?

A) Communication.

B) Technical skill C) Simplicity.

D) Courage.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 167

16) Which of the following is not a basic activity of agile development?

A) Coding.

B) Listening.

C) Documenting.

D) Designing.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 169

17) Which of the following can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or unshaped?

A) Testing.

B) Documenting.

C) Scope.

D) Coding Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 169

18) When doing pair programming, which person(s) chooses a partner programmer?

A) The programmers.

B) Management.

C) The project leaders.

D) The project team.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 171

19) In agile development are on spoken interaction between developers and users, not on written communication.

A) design B) documentation C) feedback D) stories Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 171

20) Which of the following is a lesson learned from the agile approach?

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A) A 40-hour work week.

B) Outsource all complex modules.

C) Stick to the plan, even if it is behind schedule.

D) Programmers should be assigned individual programs based upon their ability.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 171

21) Which of the following statements is not a principle of agile modeling?

A) "Travel light".

B) "Model with a purpose".

C) "Code for tomorrow".

D) "Software is your primary goal".

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 168

22) Which of the following is not a component of the Scrum methodology?

A) Product backlog.

B) Daily scrum.

C) Spring.

D) Demo.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 175

23) Based on their study of a group of programmers, the best programmers are times more productive than the worst ones.

A) one to two B) three to five C) four to eight D) five to ten Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 177

24) Making all product release deadlines imminent: A) creates too much programmer stress and should be avoided if at all possible.

B) pushes a realistic expectation for completion to the fore.

C) usually results in minimally functional software.

D) actually slows down project development because of numerous avoidable errors.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 178

25) It has been noted that dividing up groups and setting up barriers often introduce: A) scrum.

B) dysfunctional pair-programming teams.

C) errors.

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D) redundant code for modules.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 179

6.2 True/False 1) Prototyping is best applied late in the systems development life cycle.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 155

2) Prototyping is very useful for eliciting system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 155

3) User reactions to prototyping can be gathered through observation, interviews, and questionnaires.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 156

4) A disadvantage of prototyping is the relatively large expense associated with redirecting system plans.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 161

5) A prototype that works but is inefficient is referred to as a "first of a series prototype."

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 156

6) Some prototypes are nonworking models.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 157

7) Prototypes that are full-scaled and installed at one location with the intention of later implementation at other locations are referred to as "selected features prototypes."

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 157

8) Prototyping may be used as a replacement for the systems development life cycle.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

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9) One reason that prototyping is useful is that user requirements are likely to change over time.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 156

10) An advantage of prototyping is that systems will be more thoroughly understood before the system is shaped.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 158

11) RAD can be thought of as a specific implementation of prototyping.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 164

12) Users and analysts meet to identify objectives of the application or system in the RAD design workshop phase.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 164

13) During the requirements planning phase, users respond to actual working prototypes and analysts refine designed modules based on user responses.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 164

14) The implementation phase of RAD is in many ways less stressful than other phases.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 166

15) Projects that are subject to constant updating are prone to miscommunication.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 167

16) Agile projects should begin with the simplest possible tasks.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 167

17) Feedback gives the analyst the strength to be able to throw out code and rethink solutions. ff: 1

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18) Source code is the basis for a living system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 169

19) In agile development, onsite customers write stories and communicate to team members.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 171

20) Pair programming means that management or the team leader.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 171

21) Stories in agile development are on spoken interaction between developers and users, not on written communication.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 172

22) Analysts can best reflect all of the four values through an attitude of humility.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167 23) The word agile in Agile modeling implies maneuverability.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 172

24) Pair programming means that ownership of the design or software itself is shared as in a partnership Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 178

25) A risk to the adoption of agile methodologies for organizations is the cost involved in education and training of systems analysts and programmers in the new approach.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 181

6.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) Building a

of information systems is a useful technique for quickly

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Answer: prototype Diff: 1

Page Ref: 155

2) A system that has all necessary features but is inefficient is an example of a prototype.

Answer: patched-up Diff: 1

Page Ref: 156

3) A regional blood inventory system that is instituted in one regional hospital with plans to install the system in the remaining hospitals is an example of a prototype.

Answer: first of a series Diff: 2

Page Ref: 156

4) A system for which only input and output are prototyped is called a Answer: non operational prototype Diff: 2

Page Ref: 157

5) An advantage of prototyping is tied to the fact that user Answer: requirements Diff: 1

involved for building system

Page Ref: 158

7) When prototyping, it is essential that analysts work in Answer: manageable Diff: 1

change over time.

Page Ref: 157

6) The first step of prototyping is to estimate modules.

Answer: costs Diff: 1

.

modules.

Page Ref: 159

8) software, such as Microsoft products or PeopleSoft may be used for prototyping.

Answer: COTS Diff: 1

Page Ref: 161

9) Users' roles in prototyping can be summed up in two words: honest Answer: involvement Diff: 2

.

Page Ref: 162

10 ) It is the responsibility of the _________ to translate suggestions and innovations int o Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

workable systems.

Answer: analyst Diff: 1

Page Ref: 163

11) is an object-oriented approach that includes a method of development as well as software tools.

Answer: Rapid application development Diff: 1

Page Ref: 163

12) In the phase of RAD, users and analysts meet to identify objectives and information requirements arising from those objectives.

Answer: requirements planning Diff: 1

Page Ref: 164

13) are a collection of innovative, user-centered approaches to systems development.

Answer: Agile methods Diff: 2

Page Ref: 166

14) The agile approach is based on Answer: values; principles; practices Diff: 1

,

, and

.

Page Ref: 166

15) occurs when customers create functional tests for all of the stories that the programmers have subsequently implemented.

Answer: Feedback Diff: 1

Page Ref: 167

16) can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or unshaped.

Answer: Code Diff: 1

Page Ref: 169

17) means that you work with another programmer of your own choosing.

Answer: Pair programming Diff: 1

Page Ref: 171

18) One of the lessons learned from agile development is that systems to .

Answer: evolve Diff: 3

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19) Analysts can best reflect all of the four values of agile modeling through an attitude of .

Answer: humility Diff: 1

Page Ref: 167

20) A hour work week improves effectiveness.

Answer: 40-hour Diff: 1

Page Ref: 176

21) is an agile approach based on rugby.

Answer: Scrum Diff: 3

Page Ref: 175

22) Pair programming means that ownership of the design or software itself is shared as in a .

Answer: partnership Diff: 1

Page Ref: 178

23) The agile philosophy suggests that system developers create a series of deadlines for many of the system.

Answer: releases Diff: 1

Page Ref: 178

24) is used in agile methodologies to encourage completion of activities in shorter periods.

Answer: Timeboxing Diff: 3

Page Ref: 179

25) The adoption of methodologies carries with it the risk that systems created with them will not be successful or will not adequately interface with legacy systems.

Answer: agile Diff: 3

Page Ref: 181

6.4 Short Answer 1) What are the four values of agile modeling?

Answer: The four values are communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 167

2) What are the four kinds of prototyping?

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Answer: 1. Patched-Up Prototype 2. Non operational Prototype 3. Selected Features Prototype 4. First-of-a-Series Prototype Diff: 2

Page Ref: 156

3) Which type of prototyping would you recommend for an organization with multiple locations around the world, each with similar needs? Why would you choose this method?

Answer: First-of-a-series prototyping would be useful when many installations of the same system are planned.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 157

4) What are the three phases of Rapid Application Development?

Answer: 1. Requirements planning phase 2. RAD design workshop phase 3. Implementation phase Diff: 2

Page Ref: 164

5) What are the reasons for why some analysts argue that prototyping should be considered an alternative to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Answer: The first concern is the extended time required to go through the development life cycle. As the investment of analyst time increases, the cost of the delivered system rises proportionately. The second concern about using the SDLC is that user requirements change over time, so during the long interval between the time that user requirements are analyzed and the time that the finished system is delivered, user requirements are evolving.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 157

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 7 Using Data Flow Diagrams 7.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which graphically characterize(s) processes and data flows through a business system?

A) data dictionary B) data flow diagrams C) structured analysis D) design Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 193

2) Which is the biggest advantage of the data flow approach over narrative explanations?

A) freedom from committing to the technical implementation of the system too early B) further understanding of the interrelatedness of systems and subsystems C) communicating current system knowledge of users through data flow diagrams D) conceptual freedom found in the use of the four symbols Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 194

3) Which is not one of the four basic symbols used to chart data movement on data flow diagrams?

A) an oval B) arrow C) rectangle with rounded corners D) open-ended rectangle Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 194

4) What is the middle of the process symbol used for?

A) process sequence B) identifying number C) process description D) process implementation Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 194

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B) the central process on a context level diagram.

C) a process that requires two or more data flow into it.

D) a process that has only base elements flowing in or out of it.

Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 198

6) Which of the following is not an error when drawing a data flow diagram?

A) all data flowing into a process or out of a process B) data flow on a child diagram that has only one end connected to a process, the other end is a point in space C) connecting data stores and external entities directly to each other D) placing more than nine processes on a data flow diagram Answer: B Diff: 3

Page Ref: 198

7) When the data flow in and out of a parent process of a child diagram, it is called: A) a primitive process.

B) a disordered pair.

C) a logical data flow diagram.

D) unbalanced decomposition.

Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 199

8) A logical data flow diagram: A) includes types of programs, such as online or batch.

B) is a model of how the system will be implemented.

C) does not include any primitive processes.

D) is a model of how the business operates.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 200

9) Which of the following is not an advantage of using a logical model?

A) A system based on a logical model is more stable.

B) The logical model helps the analyst understand the business being studied.

C) It facilitates communication with the users.

D) A logical model clarifies which processes are automated.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 202

10) Which of the following is not an advantage of using a physical model?

A) Transaction data stores are identified.

B) It is easier to create compared with the logical model.

C) The sequence of processes is identified.

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D) Controls are included.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 203

11) Physical data flow diagrams: A) include processes for adding, updating, changing and deleting records.

B) are used to model business events, along with their input and output.

C) enable the analyst to better understand the business.

D) include no interface data flow in or out of processes.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 204

12) Transaction files: A) are used when interface data flow exist on data flow diagrams.

B) may be used to link processes that execute at different times.

C) are included to store all derived elements.

D) are required to implement all on-line processes.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 204

13) Which of the following is not a reason for partitioning processes into separate programs?

A) the processes represent different user groups B) the processes execute at different times C) to control system security D) to maintain consistency of data Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 207

14) A CRUD matrix is used to show: A) places in the system where the data is inaccurate.

B) where records are updated, added, deleted or used.

C) which Web pages that are placed on a secure server.

D) the partitioning of data flow diagrams in a client/server environment.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 204

15) In a CRUD matrix, each row represents the data stores used for each: A) Process.

B) Database table.

C) Data flow child diagram.

D) Activity.

Answer: D Diff: 1

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16) The process of creating a simple data flow diagram fragment for each unique system trigger is called: A) event modeling.

B) trigger analysis.

C) response cases.

D) CRUD model analysis.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 205

17) The advantage of building data flow diagrams based on events is that: A) events are small scale and easy to analyze for input and output.

B) users are familiar with the events within their business and know how the events drive other activities.

C) events fall into one of four categories: read, update, create, delete.

D) events are predictable and lend a high degree of stability to the data flow diagram.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 205

18) A use case: A) summarizes an activity, its trigger, input, and output.

B) describes a subsystem of a data flow diagram showing how the processes use data produced by other processes.

C) describes how the data is partitioned into programs for different users.

D) shows when the data is updated, read, created or deleted.

Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 205

19) Partitioning on a data flow diagram for an ecommerce Web site may be used to show: A) external events.

B) triggers.

C) security.

D) derived elements.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 207

20) Which of the following is a goal of dividing a Web site into a series of Web pages?

A) Improve the ease of maintaining the Web site.

B) Improve the collection of Web metrics.

C) Improve tracking of page movement by the customer.

D) Improve the revenue obtained by page marketing.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 213

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21) What should be created each time data must be obtained from an external partner?

A) A transaction data store.

B) A new browser window and DFD process to validate the window's data.

C) A unique Web form and DFD process to validate and process the data.

D) A Web form that extends the previous Web form.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 213

22) Ajax is used to: A) Partition Web sites into different Web forms.

B) Obtain data from a Web server and update the current Web form.

C) Confirm credit card accounts using a secure transaction.

D) Transmit data to an external partner using XML documents.

Answer: B Diff: 3

Page Ref: 213

23) Having separate Web forms to collect transaction data means that: A) the forms are each quite complex with complex validation.

B) the forms are less complex and easier to fill out.

C) the processing will take place slowly.

D) the Web site will not be as attractive.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 214

24) Each time an external company or system is involved: A) The processes that handle each of the interactions should be partitioned into one program for security reasons.

B) A new temporary data store must be used with a process to create the data store.

C) The process that handles the interaction must be on a secure server.

D) The process involved needs to be partitioned into a separate program.

Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 217

25) Each time an external company or system is involved in the activities of a Web site, the process that handles them must be .

A) partitioned into a separate program B) collected for use in a single program C) deleted from the system completely D) printed and stored in paper form Answer: A Diff: 1

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7.2 True/False

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1) The data flow diagram graphically characterizes data processes and flows in a business system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 193

2) The biggest advantage of the data flow approach lies in the in the use of the four symbols.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 194

3) The data flow diagram may be used to analyze the proposed system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 194

4) An arrow is used to depict an external entity that can give and receive data from the system.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 194

5) Each external entity is labeled with a noun.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 194

6) A rectangle with rounded corners is used to show the occurrence of a transforming process.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 194

7) Processes in a rectangle with rounded corners sometimes denote something other than a change in or transformation of data or a system/subsystem.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 194

8) Processes that transform data should be named with a noun which indicates the data that has been transformed.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 194

9) In logical data flow diagrams, the type of physical storage is unspecified.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

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10) The name of the data flow coming out of a process should be different than the name of the data flow going into the process.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 195

11) The systems analyst needs to conceptualize data flows from a top-down perspective.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 195

12) The highest level data flow diagram is called Diagram 0.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 196

13) With a top-down approach, the diagrams move from specific to general.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 195

14) More detail is achievable through using a process called "exploding the diagrams."

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 196

15) Data flow diagrams must be drawn working from left to right on the page.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 197

16) Data stores must always have data flow into them in a proper diagram.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 197

17) Linear data flow from process to process is normal in higher level data flow diagrams.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 199

18) Unbalanced decomposition means that the data flow to or from a parent process does not match the data flow in or out of a child diagram.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 199

19) A logical data flow diagram shows how the business operates.

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Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 200

20) A physical data flow diagram shows how the system will be constructed.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 200

21) Transaction files are used to link all logical data flow diagram processes.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 204

22) A CRUD matrix is a tool used to represent where master files are read, updated, created, and deleted within the system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 204

23) A use case summarizes an event and defines one activity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 205

24) Ajax may be used to obtain data for a Web form without changing Web pages.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 213

25) Having separate Web forms means that the forms will become more complex.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 213

7.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) A method that provides conceptional freedom for representing processes and flows in a business system is the .

Answer: data flow diagram Diff: 1

Page Ref: 193

2) depict the outputs.

Answer: Data flow diagrams Diff: 1

Page Ref: 193

3) By using combinations of only four symbols, the systems analyst is able to create a Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

pictorial depiction of data flows that eventually can provide solid system Answer: documentation Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 193

4) The data flow approach enables the systems analyst to better understand the interrelatedness of the and its .

Answer: system; subsystems Diff: 1

Page Ref: 193

5) An external entity is called a source or external to the study.

Answer: destination Diff: 2

of data, and is considered to be

Page Ref: 194

6) Data flows occurring simultaneously can be depicted doing just that through the use of arrows.

Answer: parallel Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194 7) The data store symbol is simply showing a depository for data which or of data.

Answer: retrieval Diff: 2

Page Ref: 195

8) With a approach, the diagrams move from general to specific.

Answer: top-down Diff: 1

Page Ref: 195

9) While the first diagram helps the systems analyst grasp basic data its general nature limits its usefulness.

Answer: context; movement Diff: 1

Page Ref: 195

10) When the first diagram is made, and these remain constant throughout all of the following diagrams.

Answer: context; inputs; outputs Diff: 2

Page Ref: 196

11) A clear Answer: name Diff: 1

are specified and

makes it easier to understand what the process is accomplishing.

Page Ref: 195

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12) A is one that does not explode to a child diagram.

Answer: primitive process Diff: 3

Page Ref: 198

13) When a process has all input or all output data flow, it means that an pointing in the wrong direction or there is a missing .

Answer: arrowhead; data flow Diff: 2

is

Page Ref: 199

14) is when the data flow in or out of a child diagram does not match the data flow in or out of a parent process.

Answer: Unbalanced decomposition Diff: 1

Page Ref: 199

15) A data flow diagram focuses on how the business operates.

Answer: logical Diff: 2

Page Ref: 200

16) A data flow diagram shows Answer: physical Diff: 2

Page Ref: 200

17) A links two processes that execute at different times.

Answer: transaction file Diff: 2

Page Ref: 204

18) are elements that need to be keyed into the system.

Answer: Base elements Diff: 2

Page Ref: 205

19) are elements that are created by a process using a formula or some logic.

Answer: Derived elements Diff: 1

Page Ref: 205

20) data flow diagrams is the process of deciding which processes are manual procedures and which processes should be grouped into which computer programs.

Answer: Partitioning Diff: 1

Page Ref: 206

21) on data flow diagrams is a top priority.

Answer: Effective labels Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 211

22) A matrix shows where records are added, changed, used, and deleted from a file.

Answer: CRUD Diff: 1

Page Ref: 204

23) A summarizes an event and defines one activity, its trigger, input and output.

Answer: use case Diff: 2

Page Ref: 205

24) Each time an external company or system is involved in the activities of a Web site, the process that handles them must be partitioned into a .

Answer: separate program Diff: 3

Page Ref: 206

25) is a technique used to obtain data from a server and update the current Web page.

Answer: Ajax Diff: 2

Page Ref: 213

7.4 Short Answer 1) List three of the five advantages of a logical data flow diagram.

Answer: 1. Better communication with users 2. More stable systems 3. Better understanding of the business by analysts 4. Flexibility and maintenance 5. Elimination of redundancies and easier creation of the physical model Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202 2) What are the four advantages of using a data flow approach over narrative explanations of data movement?

Answer: 1. Freedom from committing to the technical implementation of the system too early 2. Further understanding of the interrelatedness of systems and subsystems 3. Communicating current system knowledge to users through data flow diagrams 4. Analysis of a proposed system to determine if the necessary data and processes have been defined Diff: 2

Page Ref: 193 Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

3) What is the difference between a logical and physical data flow diagram?

Answer: A logical data flow diagram focuses on the business and how the business operates; while a physical data flow diagram shows how the system will be implemented.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 200

4) Describe each of the four data items that can be symbolized on a data flow diagram?

Answer: A double square is used to depict an external entity. An arrow shows movement of data. A rectangle with rounded corners is used to show the occurrence of a transforming process. An open ended rectangle is used to represent a data store.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 194

5) Why is partitioning useful when designing a Web site?

Answer: Partitioning is useful when designing a Web site because it allows the designer to separate the site into a series of pages that will increase the site's useability, the speed of human processing, and the ease of maintaining the site.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 213

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 9 Process Specifications and Structured Decisions 9.1 Multiple Choice 1) In order to determine the human information requirements using a decision analysis strategy, what must the systems analyst determine?

A) necessary data B) objectives C) information D) data structure Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 259

2) A goal of producing process specifications is to: A) reduce process interactions.

B) build technical specifications for a specific computer language.

C) validate the system design, including data flow diagrams and the data dictionary.

D) design computer input and output processes.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 260

3) Primitive process specifications are not produced for: A) processes that use decision trees.

B) processes for which pre-written code already exists.

C) processes that involve complex editing.

D) all of the above Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

4) When creating process specifications, what needs to be done for manual tasks?

A) Create well-defined procedures for employees performing the tasks.

B) Replace them with automated processes.

C) Outline the decisions using a decision tree.

D) Nothing, they are not part of processing specifications.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

5) Which of the following is not a business rule?

A) Logical inferences.

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B) Mathematical and functional derivations.

C) Programming language IF statements.

D) Definitions of business terms.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 261

6) Process logic may be represented as: A) structured English.

B) a decision table.

C) a decision tree.

D) a formula.

E) all of the above Answer: E Diff: 1

Page Ref: 261

7) Which is structured English not based on?

A) instructions organized into nested and grouped procedures B) simple English statements C) unstructured logic D) add, multiply, move, and so on Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 261

8) In order to use structured English, which convention is not advisable?

A) Express all logic in terms of sequential structures, decision structures, case structures, or iterations.

B) Blank a line and indent blocks of statements to show their hierarchy.

C) Use and capitalize accepted keywords such as IF, THEN. D) Be careful when using "and" and "or.".

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 262

9) Which of the following programs?

A) Sequence.

B) Selection.

C) Iteration.

D) Computation.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 265

10) When selection is indicated for elements in the data dictionary: A) a simple sequence of structured English statements is all that is necessary.

B) an IF...THEN...ELSE structure must be present in the structured English statements.

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C) DO WHILE, DO UNTIL, or PERFORM UNTIL structured English statements must be included.

D) a decision tree must be used to depict the logic.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 266

11) When iteration is indicated for an element or a group of elements in the data dictionary: A) a simple sequence of structured English statements is all that is necessary.

B) an IF..THEN...ELSE structured must be present in the structured English statements.

C) DO WHILE, DO UNTIL, or PERFORM UNTIL structured English statements must be included.

D) a decision table must be used to depict the logic.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 266

12) In order to build decision tables, what does the analyst not need to do?

A) Eliminate any impossible situations.

B) Simplify the table as much as possible.

C) Determine the minimum size of the table.

D) Eliminate inconsistencies.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 267

13) How many columns would a table with seven conditions with yes or no alternatives have?

A) 64 B) 128 C) 256 D) 512 Answer: B Diff: 3

Page Ref: 268

14) Unlike the decision tree used in management science, what doesn't the analyst's tree contain?

A) decisions B) conditions C) outcomes D) actions Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 271

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B) all actions C) the order D) all conditions Answer: A Diff: 3

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16) Which is not one of three main advantages of a decision tree over a decision table?

A) more correct as a communication tool B) sequential structure of decision tree branches C) conditions and actions of decision trees are found on some branches D) more readily understood Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 273

17) Which is the correct choice?

A) Use structured English when not every condition is relevant to every action.

B) Use decision tables when communication to end users is important.

C) Use decision trees when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical.

D) Use decision tables when there are many repetitious actions.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 273

18) Which of the following is not a business rule?

A) business conditions and actions B) user ethics C) logical inferences D) processing sequences Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 261

19) Which of the following is not a problem when creating decision tables?

A) impossible situations B) too many conditions C) redundancy D) contradictions Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 268

20) In a decision table, contradictions occur when: A) an important condition is omitted.

B) when the situation cannot occur because there are two or more conditions that cannot

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Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

21) Process specifications are sometimes called portion of the total project specifications A) designs B) data flows C) information nodes D) minispecs Answer: D Diff: 1

, because they are a small

Page Ref: 259

22) Which of the following is NOT a goal of producing process specifications?

A) To reduce the ambiguity of the process.

B) To reduce the time it takes for a process to run.

C) To obtain a precise description of what is accomplished.

D) To validate the system design.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

23) Which of the following is NOT an example of a keyword for structured english A) IF B) DO C) PERFORM D) IS LIKE Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 263

24) Running a section of code over and over again until some condition is met is an example of a: A) loop.

B) IF...THEN. C) DO... WHILE. D) decision table.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 266

25) What is a way to examine, describe, and document structured decisions?

A) decision table B) data flow C) data dictionary D) database Answer: A Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 266

9.2 True/False 1) Process specifications show the decision-making logic and formulas necessary to transform process input data into output.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 259

2) While process specifications produce a precise description of what is accomplished, they are not detailed enough to validate the system design.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 260

3) Process specifications are always produced for input and output operations, such as a read or write operation.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

4) Process descriptions may exist on a form but not within a CASE tool repository.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

5) Process logic may be represented as either structured English, a decision table, a decision tree, or a formula.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 260

6) Selection data dictionary entries become IF...THEN...ELSE structured English statements.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 265

7) Iteration data dictionary entries become simple structured English statements in a sequence.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 265

8) When structured decisions are not complex, an appropriate technique for analyzing the decision process is the use of semistructured English.

Answer: FALSE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 261

9) Besides the obvious advantage of clarifying the logic and relationships found in human languages, structured English has another important advantage as a communication tool.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 265

10) If communication is unimportant, structured English is a viable alternative for decision analysis.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 265

11) It is important to develop decision tables in a logical, systematic approach.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 267

12) Decision trees are most often drawn on their side, with the root of the tree on the lefthand side paper, branching out to the right.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

13) It is useful to combine conditions and actions when drawing decision trees.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

14) A square node indicates a condition, and a circle indicates an action.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 272

15) In drawing the tree, identify all conditions and actions and the order and timing of these.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 272

16) Use structured English when complex combinations of conditions, actions, and rules are found.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 272

17) Use decision tables when there are many repetitious actions.

Answer: FALSE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

18) Use decision trees when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

19) All the process specifications for the entire data flow diagram are consolidated and included in the specification packet given to the computer programmer.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

20) Business rules are the set of procedures, conditions or formulas that allow a corporation to run its business.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

21) Use structured English when not every condition is relevant to every action.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

22) Use decision trees when there are many repetitious actions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

23) Use found.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

24) Use decision trees when not every condition is relevant to every action.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

25) Use decision tables when you require a method that effectively avoids impossible situations, redundancies, and contradictions.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

9.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1)

are created for primitive processes on a data flow diagram.

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Answer: Process specifications Diff: 1

Page Ref: 259

2) One of the goals of producing data flow diagram and the data dictionary.

Answer: process specifications Diff: 1

Page Ref: 259

3) Process descriptions may exist on a form or within a Answer: CASE tool Diff: 3

Page Ref: 260

4) When structured decisions are not complex, an appropriate technique for analyzing the decision process is the use of .

Answer: structured English Diff: 1

Page Ref: 261

5) Structured English can be more complex if blocks of (instructions) are within each other to show hierarchy.

Answer: nested Diff: 2

Page Ref: 261

6) A data structure with optional elements contained in parenthesis or either/or elements contained in brackets will have a corresponding statement in the process specification.

Answer: IF ...THEN ...ELSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 266

7) indicated by braces on a data structure, must have a corresponding WHILE, DO UNTIL, or PERFORM UNTIL structured English statement.

Answer: Iteration Diff: 2

Page Ref: 266

8) are used when complex branching occurs in a structured decision process.

Answer: Decision trees Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

9) In a decision table, same conditions.

Answer: contradictions Diff: 2

occur when rules suggest different actions but satisfy the

Page Ref: 271 Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

10) Decision tables are an important tool in the analysis of Answer: structured Diff: 1

decisions.

Page Ref: 271

11) One major advantage of using decision tables over other methods is that tables help the analyst ensure .

Answer: completeness Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

12) In systems analysis, trees are used mainly for identifying and organizing and in a completely structured decision process.

Answer: conditions; actions Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

13) The use of makes the decision tree more readable when one thinks of a circle as signifying IF when the square means THEN. Answer: notation Diff: 2

Page Ref: 272

14) In drawing the tree, begin building from left to right while making sure you are complete in listing all possible before moving over to the right.

Answer: alternatives Diff: 3

Page Ref: 272

15) Use decision trees when Answer: action Diff: 2

.

Page Ref: 273

16) All the process specifications are consolidated for a computer program and are included in the given to the computer programmer.

Answer: specification packet Diff: 3

Page Ref: 260

17) are the set of procedures, conditions or formulas that allow a corporation to run its business.

Answer: Business rules Diff: 1 18) Use Answer:

Page Ref: 260 when there are many repetitious actions.

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Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

19) Use when complex combinations of conditions, actions, and rules are found.

Answer: decision tables Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

20) Use when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical.

Answer: decision trees Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

21) Use when you require a method that effectively avoids impossible situations, redundancies, and contradictions.

Answer: decision tables Diff: 3

Page Ref: 273

22) Use when not every condition is relevant to every action (the branches are different).

Answer: decision trees Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

23) Use when communication to end users is important.

Answer: structured English Diff: 2

Page Ref: 273

24) The lower half of a contains the actions to be taken on the left and the rules for executing the actions on the right.

Answer: decision table Diff: 3

Page Ref: 267

25) are useful when it is essential to keep a string of decisions in a particular sequence.

Answer: Decision trees Diff: 1

Page Ref: 271

9.4 Short Answer 1) What are the three reasons for producing process specifications?

Answer: 1. To reduce the ambiguity of the process 2. To obtain a precise description of what is accomplished, which is usually included in a packet of specifications for the programmer Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

3. To validate the system design Diff: 2

Page Ref: 260

2) List three of the five conventions that should be followed when using structured English.

Answer: 1. Express all logic in terms of one of these four types: sequential structures, decision structures, case structures, or iterations 2. Use and capitalize accepted keywords such as IF, THEN, ELSE, DO, DO WHILE, DO UNTIL, and PERFORM 3. Indent blocks of statements to show their hierarchy (nesting) clearly 4. When words or phrases have been defined in a data dictionary underline those words or phrases to signify that they have a specialized, reserved meaning 5. Be careful when using "and" and "or," and avoid confusion when distinguishing between "greater than" and "greater than or equal to" and like relationships Diff: 3

Page Ref: 263

3) Compose a structured English statement for the following supermarket scenario: "First, we determine whether the customer has shopped with us before. If they have, we give them a free bonus coupon. If they have not yet shopped with us, we give them a free membership card. We do this until there are no more customers in line."

Answer: DO WHILE there are customers in line IF customer has shopped here before THEN give customer a bonus coupon ELSE THEN give customer a free membership card END DO Diff: 3

Page Ref: 264

4) What is the advantage of using structured English to communicate with people in the organization?

Answer: Structured English can be taught to and hence understood by users in the organization, so if communication is important, structured English is a viable alternative for decision analysis.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 265

5) What three advantages do decision trees have over decision tables?

Answer: The decision tree has three main advantages over a decision table. First, it takes advantage of the sequential structure of decision tree branches so that the order of checking conditions and Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

executing actions is immediately noticeable. Second, conditions and actions of decision

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trees are found on some branches but not on others, which contrasts with decision tables, in which they are all part of the same table. Third, compared with decision tables, decision trees are more readily understood by others in the organization. Consequently, they are more appropriate as a communication tool.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 273

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 8 Analyzing Systems Using Data Dictionaries 8.1 Multiple Choice 1) What is a reference work of data about data compiled by systems analysts?

A) data dictionary B) data flow diagrams C) structured analysis D) design Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 228

2) What become(s) important for large systems that produce several thousand data elements requiring cataloging and cross-referencing?

A) data dictionary B) structured analysis C) data flow diagrams D) automated data dictionaries E) design Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 228

3) Which of the following is not contained in the repository?

A) procedural logic B) use cases C) generated computer code D) screen and report design Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 229

4) A data flow that contains data that are used between processes is called: A) internal.

B) derived.

C) base.

D) iterative.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 230

5) Data structures are described using

notation.

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A) relational B) metadatic C) geometric D) algebraic Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 231

6) What does this symbol represent [ ]?

A) either/or alternative B) optional C) iteration D) selection Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 232

7) Braces { } are used to indicate: A) either/or alternative.

B) optional.

C) iteration.

D) selection.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 231

8) Which of the following is included in a physical data structure?

A) codes that identify the status of a master record.

B) expansion area for file records.

C) the type of data structure, either for a screen or report.

D) editing criteria for the structure.

Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 233

9) A synonym or other name for an element is called a(n): A) common element B) structural element C) attributive element D) alias Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 234

10) A base element is one that: A) was initially keyed into the system.

B) does not change over a period of time.

C) is used within one and only one subsystem.

D) is the result of a calculation or some other logic.

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Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 234

11) A derived element is one that: A) is keyed, derived by the users.

B) has several different meanings, one for each user group.

C) is created by processes as a result of calculations or a series of decision-making statements.

D) has the displayed length and the stored length the same.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 234

12) When determining the length for elements: A) look at what the current length of data is and use that value.

B) use values that other corporations have for similar elements.

C) figure the amount of a numeric element and add a few characters for reasonable expansion.

D) keep the value for the length small to save file space.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 235

13) The symbol X(8) represents: A) eight digits.

B) eight alphanumeric characters.

C) a data structure or element that repeats eight times.

D) an element that is found within eight data structures.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

14) A varchar data type: A) is used to represent elements for which the analyst needs to determine the length.

B) is an element that contains a check digit.

C) is used to represent a floating point number with an indeterminate number of decimal positions..

D) is used for data that can contain any number of characters (up to the database limit).

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 235

15) A default value on a GUI screen may be used for: A) drop-down lists.

B) radio buttons.

C) check boxes.

D) all of the above.

Answer: D Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

16) Data stores are used to store: A) all base elements and some derived elements.

B) all derived elements and some base elements.

C) all base and derived elements.

D) only some base elements and some derived elements (the most critical ones in the system).

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

17) Since a single data flow may only show part of the collective data, A) the data store may be linked to several external structures defining the different data flows.

B) many data flows may have to be examined to determine the contents of a data store.

C) data stores must contain multiple redundant elements within repeating groups indicated by braces {}.

D) an alias must be used.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 241

18) An analyst may develop the data flow diagram using a top-down method by using: A) algebraic notation.

B) structural records.

C) algebraic notation and structural records.

D) vertical expansion methodology.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 238

19) The data dictionary may be used to create: A) screens.

B) reports.

C) forms.

D) all of the above.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 238

20) The following is a flaw in the system design that is detected by analyzing the data dictionary entries: A) All derived elements on an output flow must be present on an input data flow.

B) The data store may contain elements that are not present on any data flow to or from the data store.

C) All base elements on an output data flow must be present on a data flow into the

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D) All elements that are discrete must have a table of codes definition.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 243

21) Elements on a data flow going into or out from a data store: A) must be created by the process linking to the data store.

B) must be base elements.

C) must be on a data flow that is input to the process that creates the output that is going to the data store D) must be contained by the data store.

Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 243

22) What is not a characteristic of the ideal data dictionary?

A) automated B) efficient C) interactive D) online E) evolutionary Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 242

23) Which of the following may be created by transforming an XML document?

A) A Web page.

B) A portable document format (PDF) file.

C) Output for a handheld device.

D) All of the above.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 244

24) Which of the following is not included in an XML document type definition?

A) The number of times an element repeats.

B) An element that is optional.

C) The rules for transforming the XML document D) The attributes of an XML element.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 246

25) Which of the following is a more precise way to define the content of an XML document?

A) A schema.

B) A document attribute list.

C) An IDREF, listing the identifiable elements of a document.

D) An XML repository specifications document.

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Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 246

8.2 True/False 1) The data dictionary is a reference work of data about data.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 228 2) Data about data is called metadata.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 228

3) The data dictionary can be used as a starting point for creating XML documents.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 229

4) Automated data dictionaries are useful for only printing summary lists of data.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 229

5) A data dictionary contains information about a data flow diagram, but not entities or use cases.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 229

6) Databases are usually the first component of a data dictionary to be defined.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 230

7) An internal data flow is one that connects two processes.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 230

8) Data structures are usually described using a binary notation.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 231

9) An alias for each element is another name for the data used by different users in different systems.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

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10) Brackets [ ] represent repetitive elements.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 232

11) Parenthesis represent an optional element in the data dictionary.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 232

12) Data structures are those data items within the system that are not meaningful if broken down further.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 233

13) A default value is one that never changes on a report.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

14) A discrete data element is one that has certain fixed values.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

15) When a V is used as a formatting character for an element, it indicates where the decimal point should occur, even though the actual decimal point in not included.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 236

16) All derived elements must be stored on a data store.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

17) Each level of a data flow diagram should use data appropriate for the level.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 238

18) The ideal data dictionary is automated, interactive, online, and evolutionary.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 242

19) The data dictionary may be used to generate computer source code.

Answer: TRUE Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 243

20) One of the rules for analyzing a data dictionary is that elements present on a data flow coming or going to a data store must be contained within the data store.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 243

21) Extensible markup language (XML) is a language that can be used to exchange data between businesses.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 244

22) XML is used when other systems or external organizations use the same software.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 244

23) XML is a way to define, sort, filter and translate data into a universal data language.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 244

24) In XML, tags become the metadata.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 244

25) An XML schema is a more precise way to define the content of an XML document.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 245

8.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) An systems.

Answer: alias Diff: 1

is a synonym or another name for the element, used by different users of

Page Ref: 234

2) A is a large collection of information that is larger than a data dictionary.

Answer: repository Diff: 2

Page Ref: 229

3) is usually the first component to be stored in the data dictionary.

Answer: Data flow Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 230

4) A is composed of related elements.

Answer: data structure Diff: 1

Page Ref: 231

5) A is one that is contained within a larger data structure and consists of further subdivisions.

Answer: structural record Diff: 1

Page Ref: 232

6) data structures include additional elements necessary for implementing the system.

Answer: Physical Diff: 1

Page Ref: 233

7) A data type of is used for elements that can contain any number of characters up to the limit set by the database software.

Answer: varchar Diff: 2

Page Ref: 235

8) The correct determination of an Answer: element Diff: 2

length is important to avoid truncation.

Page Ref: 235

9) A value for an element is one that has certain fixed values.

Answer: discrete Diff: 2

Page Ref: 236

10) A element is one that has a smooth range of values.

Answer: continuous Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

11) A value for an element is one that is automatically displayed on a screen to reduce the amount of keystrokes the user must make.

Answer: default Diff: 1 12) All process.

Answer:

Page Ref: 236 on an output data flow must be present on a data flow coming into the

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Diff: 1

Page Ref: 236

13) A must be output from at least one process that it is not input to.

Answer: derived element Diff: 1

Page Ref: 234

14) The data structure and elements are commonly used to generate Answer: computer source code Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 243

15) is a language that can be used to exchange data between businesses.

Answer: Extensible markup language (XML) Diff: 1

Page Ref: 243

16) XML is used when users have Answer: software Diff: 1

Page Ref: 243

17) XML is a way to define, sort, filter and translate data into a Answer: universal data Diff: 1

language.

Page Ref: 244

18) In XML, Answer: tags Diff: 1

.

become the metadata.

Page Ref: 244

19) A is used to determine Answer: document type definition Diff: 2

Page Ref: 244

20) An describes an XML attribute in the DTD. Answer: !ATTLIST Diff: 3

Page Ref: 245

21) A is a more precise way to define the content of an XML document.

Answer: schema Diff: 2

Page Ref: 245

22) The advantage of using XML to define data is that, in the xml format, data are stored in a pure text format and not dependent on any .

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Answer: proprietary software Diff: 3

Page Ref: 248

23) There are three standard formats for mainframe computers: decimal, and binary.

Answer: zoned decimal Diff: 3

, packed

Page Ref: 236

24) A is used to determine whether the XML document content is valid, that is, whether it conforms to the order and type of data that must be present in the document.

Answer: document type definition Diff: 2

Page Ref: 245

25) The format is commonly used to save space on file layouts and for elements that require a high level of arithmetic to be performed on them.

Answer: packed decimal Diff: 3

Page Ref: 236

8.4 Short Answer 1) (a) Define the term data dictionary. (b) Define metadata.

Answer: (a) A data dictionary is a reference work of data about data (metadata) created by the systems analyst based on data flow diagrams. It collects and coordinates specific data terms, confirming what each term means to different people in the organization. (b) Metadata is data about data Diff: 1

Page Ref: 228

2) Why are structural records used?

Answer: Structural records allows the analyst to develop the data dictionary and the data flow diagrams using a top-down approach.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 238

3) Describe the difference between base elements and derived elements.

Answer: A base element is one that is initially keyed into the system, such as a customer name, address, or city. Base elements must be stored in files. Derived elements are created by processes as the result of a calculation or a series of decision -making statements.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 234

4) List three of the five main ways in which to use a data dictionary.

Answer: 1. Validate the data flow diagram for completeness and accuracy.

2. Provide a starting point for developing screens and reports.

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3. Determine the contents of data stored in files.

4. Develop the logic for data flow diagram processes.

5. Create XML (extensible markup language).

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 229

5) Give two examples of elements that can be found in a data dictionary; one that has a standard length and one that does not have a standard length.

Answer: In the United States lengths for state name abbreviations, zip codes, and telephone numbers are all standard. Examples of elements found in a data dictionary that do not have standard lengths include names, addresses, city names, long narratives, etc.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 234

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Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies, 10e (Kendall/Kendall) Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design Using UML 10.1 Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following is the main goal of the object-oriented approach?

A) Maintaining systems B) Minimizing the impact of change C) Reusability D) Functional control Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 281

2) When classes are involved in inheritance, another name for a child class is: A) a base class.

B) a derived class.

C) a superclass.

D) an instantiated class.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 283

3) When attributes are preceded by a minus sign, it means that: A) the attributes are private.

B) the attributes are public.

C) the attributes are static.

D) the attributes are undefined.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 283

4) A template that the analyst may use when beginning to model or talk about the system from an O-O perspective is called a: A) CRC card.

B) UML descriptor.

C) Whole-Part structure.

D) Design layer.

E) User Message Language.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 284

5) Which of the following is not one of the main components of UML? Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

A) Things.

B) Relationships.

C) Entities.

D) Diagrams.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 286

6) Behavioral diagrams include all of the following except: A) activity diagrams.

B) communication diagrams.

C) class diagrams.

D) use case diagrams.

E) sequence diagrams.

Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 286

7) Which of the following is a structural diagram?

A) Use case diagram.

B) Statechart diagram.

C) Sequence diagram.

D) Class diagram.

Answer: D Diff: 3

Page Ref: 286

8) Which of the following is not one of the six most commonly used UML diagrams?

A) Activity diagram.

B) CRC card relationship diagram.

C) Use case diagram.

D) Statechart diagram.

Answer: B Diff: 3

Page Ref: 286

9) Which of the following is not described by a use case?

A) The actor that initiates an event.

B) The use case that performs the actions.

C) The event that triggers the use case.

D) The objects required by the use case.

Answer: D Diff: 2

Page Ref: 287

10) Which of the following are not shown on an activity diagram?

A) Classes.

B) Events.

C) Decisions that are made.

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D) Sequential activities.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 290

11) On an activity diagram, what is used to show parallel activities?

A) An arrow.

B) A synchronization bar.

C) A swimlane.

D) A diamond.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 291

12) On an activity diagram, what is used to show partitioning?

A) A synchronization bar.

B) A swimlane.

C) A diamond.

D) A filled-in circle.

Answer: B Diff: 3

Page Ref: 291

13) A mechanism for communicating between a server and a mainframe computer is called a: A) Message queue.

B) Swimlane.

C) Synchronization bar.

D) EBCDIC conversion unit.

Answer: A Diff: 1

Page Ref: 293

14) On a sequence diagram, a lateral bar or vertical rectangle is used to represent: A) messages sent between classes.

B) the time sequence of activities.

C) the focus of control, when an object is busy doing things.

D) the lifeline for the class or object.

Answer: C Diff: 2

Page Ref: 295

15) Solid arrowheads used for messages on a sequence diagram represent: A) Inheritance relationships.

B) Return parameters.

C) A synchronous messages.

D) Synchronous messages.

Answer: D Diff: 2

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16) Which of the following is not a format for sending messages between classes on a sequence diagram?

A) messageName( ) B) messageName(parameter1, parameter2) C) messageName(parameter1:returnValue, parameter2:returnValue) D) messageName(parameterType:parameterName(defaultValue) Answer: C Diff: 3

Page Ref: 295

17) What is used to show time ordering on a communication diagram?

A) A sequence number.

B) A synchronous arrow.

C) An asynchronous arrow.

D) A focus of control.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 297

18) A private attribute on a class diagram: A) does not change its value for different object instances.

B) is hidden from all classes except immediate subclasses.

C) is only available in the object.

D) is available to the class and all classes that have relationships with the attribute's class.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 283

19) Method overloading means that: A) the same method may be defined differently in inherited classes.

B) the same method may be defined more than once in a given class.

C) the method may have parameters passed to it from more than one relating class.

D) the method may be used on different platforms, such as a server or client computer.

Answer: B Diff: 1

Page Ref: 298

20) Which type of class represents real-world items?

A) Entity.

B) Interface.

C) Abstract.

D) Control.

Answer: A Diff: 2

Page Ref: 299

21) Which type of class provides a means for users to work with the system?

A) Entity.

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B) Boundary or interface.

C) Abstract.

D) Control.

Answer: B Diff: 2

Page Ref: 299

22) Which type of class cannot be directly instantiated?

A) Entity.

B) Interface.

C) Abstract.

D) Control.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 299

23) Which type of class acts as a coordinator when implementing classes?

A) Entity.

B) Interface.

C) Abstract.

D) Control.

Answer: D Diff: 1

Page Ref: 299

24) Which of the following is not a way to store and retransmit data from a Web page?

A) Store the information in a cookie.

B) Include the information in the URL. C) Store the data in a message queue.

D) Include the data in a hidden field.

Answer: C Diff: 1

Page Ref: 302

25) A statechart diagram is created for: A) a single class.

B) a single use case.

C) an activity on an activity diagram.

D) a group of classes connected with relationships.

Answer: A Diff: 3

Page Ref: 309

10.2 True/False 1) Objects are part of a general concept called classes.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 282 Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

2) An object defines a set of shared attributes and behaviors found in each class for the object.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 282

3) In inheritance, the original or parent class is known as the derived class.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 283

4) CRC stands for class, requirements, and collaborators.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 284

5) UML consists of things, relationships, and diagrams.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 286

6) Behavioral things describe how things work.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 287

7) Structural diagrams are used to show the interaction between people and a use case.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 287

8) A use case model describes what a system does without describing how the system does it.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 287

9) The analyst should create use cases to define every system function, including queries and reports.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 287

10) An activity diagram shows Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 290

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Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 291

12) Swimlanes are useful to show how the data must be transmitted or converted.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 293

13) State transition diagrams illustrate a succession of interactions between classes or object instances over time.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 724309

14) On a sequence diagram, a lateral bar or vertical rectangle shows the focus of control.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 295

15) A communication diagram shows the same thing as a state transition diagram.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 296

16) An entity class represents Answer: TRUE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 299

17) An abstract class cannot be directly instantiated.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 307

18) An association class is used to represent whole/part relationships.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 305

19) Aggregation shows that the whole object is composed of the sum of its parts.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 305

20) Polymorphism means that the subclass may inherit a parent method but may add to it or modify it.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 307 Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

21) A statechart diagram is created to show how several classes change each other's states.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 309

22) An asynchronous message is when the calling program waits for control to be returned to it.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3

Page Ref: 310

23) Transient objects do not survive the end of session.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Page Ref: 310

24) A deployment diagram shows the physical implementation of the system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 312

25) The first iteration of analysis should be at a very low level to identify the system objects.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2

Page Ref: 315

10.3 Fill-in-the-Blank 1) work well in situations where complicated information systems are undergoing continuous maintenance, adaptation, and redesign.

Answer: Object-oriented techniques Diff: 1

Page Ref: 281

2) Objects are represented by and grouped into maintainability.

Answer: classes Diff: 1

Page Ref: 282

3) The term Answer: instantiate Diff: 3

that are optimal for reuse and

is used when an object is created from a class.

Page Ref: 282

4) When

class.

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Answer: derived Diff: 1

Page Ref: 283

5) When one class is created from another class it is called Answer: inheritance Diff: 1

.

Page Ref: 283

6) reduces programming labor by reusing common objects easily.

Answer: Inheritance Diff: 1

Page Ref: 283

7) A , , and card may be used when the analyst is beginning to model or talk about the system from an O-O perspective.

Answer: class; responsibilities; collaborators Diff: 2

Page Ref: 284

8) describe the interactions of two or more things that perform a behavior that is more than any one of the things can do alone.

Answer: Communication diagrams Diff: 2

Page Ref: 296

9) show the same information as a sequence diagram.

Answer: Communication diagrams Diff: 2

Page Ref: 297

10) diagrams are used to model the static structural design view of a system.

Answer: Class Diff: 2

Page Ref: 297

11) A(n) Answer: private Diff: 1

attribute is only available in the object.

Page Ref: 297

12) A(n) Answer: entity

class represents real-world items.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 299

13) A(n) system.

Answer:

or

class provides a means for users to work with the

Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 299

14) A(n) Answer: abstract Diff: 1

Page Ref: 299

15) A(n) Answer: control Diff: 2

class cannot be directly instantiated.

class acts as a coordinator when implementing classes.

Page Ref: 299

16) are the the current session.

Answer: Cookies Diff: 1

that will exist beyond

Page Ref: 302

17) classes are those that are used to break up a many-to-many association between classes.

Answer: Association Diff: 1

Page Ref: 305

18) provides a means of showing that the whole object is composed of the sum of its parts (other objects) Answer: Aggregation Diff: 2

Page Ref: 735305

19) is the relationship that exists when the whole has a responsibility for the part.

Answer: Composition Diff: 2

Page Ref: 306

20) is when the object-oriented program may have several versions of the same method with the same name in a superclass/subclass relationship.

Answer: Polymorphism Diff: 3

Page Ref: 307

21) When messages are passed from one class to another, the receiving class must have a corresponding to the message name.

Answer: method Diff: 3 22) A

Page Ref: 309 event is one that is held until an object changes state to one that can Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

accept the event.

Answer: deferred Diff: 3

Page Ref: 310

23) or messages occur when a program does not wait for a returning message.

Answer: Signals; asynchronous Diff: 3

Page Ref: 310

24) events occur at a predetermined time.

Answer: Temporal Diff: 3

Page Ref: 310

25) diagrams show a global view of the system architecture.

Answer: Component Diff: 2

Page Ref: 312

10.4 Short Answer 1) What is UML? What are the three major elements of UML? Answer: UML(Unified Modeling Language) provides a standardized set of tools to document the object oriented analysis and design of a software system. UML consists of three major elements, things, relationships and diagrams.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 286

2) Describe the difference between a class and an object.

Answer: Object-oriented systems describe entities as objects. Objects are part of a general concept called classes, the main unit of analysis in object-oriented analysis and design.

Diff: 1

Page Ref: 282

3) List the diagrams included in behavioral diagrams.

Answer: Behavioral diagrams include use case diagrams, sequence diagrams, communication diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams.

Diff: 2

Page Ref: 286

4) List the and describe four categories into which classes fall.

Answer: 1. Entity classes represent real-world items, such as people and things 2. Boundary, or interface, classes provide a means for users to work with the system 3. Abstract classes are classes that cannot be directly instantiated 4. Control, or active, classes are used to control the flow of activities, and they act as a coordinator when implementing classes Downloaded by allan lee (leallan69@gmail.com)

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 299

5) What is polymorphism?

Answer: Polymorphism is the capability of an object-oriented program to have several versions of the same method with the same name within a superclass/subclass relationship.

Diff: 3

Page Ref: 307

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