TEST BANK TEST BANK
TEST BANK TEST BANK
TEST BANK for A Students Guide to Developmental Psychology, 1st Edition by Margaret Harris & Gert Westerman Chapter-1 1
John Locke, taking an empiricist point of view, famously said that a child is a(n): (A) wonder possibility (B) servant to biology (C) empty cup (D) blank slate
Answer: (D) blank slate 2
According to Gilligan (1982), an ethic of caring when making moral judgements stems from: (A) thinking of people as separate beings (B) a view of the interconnectedness of people (C) thinking of all people as having value (D) viewing others as being equal in value to oneself
Answer: (B) a view of the interconnectedness of people 3
Amoung individuals, internalising tends to: (A) increase with age (B) decrease with age (C) decrease with further education (D) increase inversely to the number of friends one has
Answer: (A) increase with age 4
Adolescent girls in the US have more similar attitudes about __________ with their friends than boys. (A) school achievement (B) sexual behaviours (C) normative behaviours (D) social activities
Answer: (B) sexual behaviours 5
Erel and Burman (1995) found that there was a strong link between the quality of marital relationships and the quality of the relationship that these adults had with their children. This has been referred to as the … (A) correlational hypothesis (B) generational hypothesis (C) spillover hypothesis (D) relationship hypothesis
Answer: (C) spillover hypothesis 6
Reliance on friends is greatest during the __________ stage of adulthood. (A) married without children
(B) parental (C) romantically uncommitted (D) expecting children Answer: (C) romantically uncommitted 7
When asked to recall a recent moral dilemna (Walker, de Vries & Trevethen, 1987), women are more likely to … (A) recall an event involving relationships (B) recall an impersonal event (C) recall an event involving miscommunication (D) recall an event involving money
Answer: (A) recall an event involving relationships 8
Within Western society there are significant changes in relationships over the lifespan. Which of the following is NOT typical of relationships at the age described? (A) Same-sex friends provide the main sources of support in middle adolescence. (B) Males experience romantic experiences as most supportive in late adolescence. (C) Parents are seen as the most frequent providers of emotional support in middle childhood. (D) Tension in parent–child relationships and sibling relationships peaks in late adolescence.
Answer: (D) Tension in parent–child relationships and sibling relationships peaks in late adolescence. 9
Self-disclosure studies by Buhrmester (1996), showed that by age 15 … (A) children are more likely to reveal personal information to parents (B) children are less likely to understand their own motives (C) children are less likely to reveal personal information to parents (D) children are more likely to understand their own motives
Answer: (C) children are less likely to reveal personal information to parents 10 Tensions between parent and child peak in … (A) middle childhood and early adolescence (B) middle and late adolescence (C) early and middle childhood (D) early and middle adolescence Answer: (D) early and middle adolescence 11 The quality of relationships in adolescence is influenced by ... (A) the quality of friends one associates with (B) the quality of attachment relations in infancy (C) the strength of one's support group (D) the quality of family relations in middle childhood
Answer: (B) the quality of attachment relations in infancy 12 Which is most likely true of adolescent same-sex friendships? (A) Female–female friendships are better because of the support network they provide. (B) Male–male friendships are better because of the team work they foster. (C) Neither male–male nor female–female friendships are conducive to developing important life skills. (D) Both male–male and female–female friendships develop skills that are important for functioning as adults. Answer: (D) Both male–male and female–female friendships develop skills that are important for functioning as adults. 13 Overall violent activities are consistently ________ with girls. (A) lower (B) higher (C) nonexistent (D) more personal Answer: (A) lower 14 Male adolescents are less likely to (Benenson & Schinazi, 2004) … (A) desire achievement (B) have negative feelings when they achieve better than their friends (C) have positive feelings when they achieve better than their friends (D) resist efforts to achieve because of their friends Answer: (B) have negative feelings when they achieve better than their friends 15 Javascript is __ and __ language (A) ssaas (B) asas (C) saa (D) sa (E) asdsa Answer: (A) ssaas (B) asas 16 Javascript is __ and __ language (A) adas (B) asdsad Answer: (A) adas (B) asdsad 17 Match the theory/theorist with the statement:
(A)
Psychosexual/ Freud
(a)
humans feel a need to be integrated into social and cultural environments
(B)
Vygotsky
(b)
culture and language are the largest influences in a child's development
(C)
Psychosocial/ Erikson
(c)
knowledge is constructed, not absorbed
(D)
Piaget
(d)
unconcious motives play a large role in life experiences
Answer: (A) Psychosexual/ Freud=> (B) Vygotsky=> (C) Psychosocial/ Erikson=> (D) Piaget=>
unconcious motives play a large role in life experiences culture and language are the largest influences in a child's development humans feel a need to be integrated into social and cultural environments knowledge is constructed, not absorbed
18 Adolescents' experience with family roles has a __________ effect on their views of family roles. (A) moderate (B) strong (C) fairly weak (D) negligible Answer: (B) strong 19 Which is NOT true of adolescent females? (A) They receive more support from romantic relationships than males. (B) They report a higher number of interactions with same-sex friends. (C) They show higher levels of self-disclosure. (D) They give and receive more emotional support throughout each day. Answer: (C) They show higher levels of self-disclosure. 20 In development, qualitative change occurs when a(n): (A) new change or ability emerges that was not present before (B) existing structure or ability grows in magnitude (C) existing development changes along a continuum (D) child continues along a particular developmental trajectory Answer: (A) new change or ability emerges that was not present before 21 Investigating differences in development across species is associated with the ________ perspective. (A) Psychoanalytic (B) Cross-cultural (C) comparative (D) behaviorist
Answer: (C) comparative 22 The idea that unresolved, internal conflicts can sidetrack development comes from the ____________ perspective. (A) psychoanalytic (B) behaviorist (C) cognitive sciene (D) cross-cultural Answer: (A) psychoanalytic 23 An observational study is one in which children are: (A) randomized to treatment and control groups (B) assigned to an experimental and an observational group (C) interviewed about what they remember from a video clip (D) watched in their natural environments and data is collected Answer: (D) watched in their natural environments and data is collected 24 Changes within a culture over time that lead to differences among your study groups are especially a problem for: (A) experimental studies (B) cross-sectional studies (C) cross-cultural perspectives (D) behaviorist perspectives Answer: (B) cross-sectional studies 25 Which of these components of language involves the ordering of language? (A) Syntax (B) Pragmatics (C) Phonology (D) Semantics Answer: (A) Syntax 26 When do most infants start forming two-word utterances? (A) 9 months (B) 12 months (C) 18 months (D) 24 months Answer: (C) 18 months 27 A mother brings her year-old baby into a new day care center for the first time. She puts the child down on the floor with the other infants and smiles encouragingly. The baby looks at
her mother for help, using _________, to understand how to behave in the unfamiliar situation. (A) Egocentrism (B) Theory of Mind (C) Reversibility (D) Social referencing Answer: (D) Social referencing 28 Matilda, a 14-month-old, participates in the Strange Situation with her father. She cries and is clearly in distress when he leaves. She is delighted to see him again when he returns. Matilda would most likely be classified as demonstrating a(n): (A) disorganized attachment (B) insecure/avoidant attachment (C) insecure/resistant attachment (D) secure attachment Answer: (D) secure attachment 29 What is a sensitive period? (A) a time of heightened ability to learn (B) period of time under which a typical ability can be learned (C) a greater margin of time under which a specific skill can be learned (D) a time of emotional instability Answer: (A) a time of heightened ability to learn 30 Babies can better learn the name of an object if.. (A) they see the object repeatedly in the same scenario (B) the object is always alone (C) they see the object in various scenarios (D) they see the object always presented with one other object Answer: (C) they see the object in various scenarios 31 In making moral judgements, males tend to focus on _____________ (A) justice (B) responsibility (C) equity (D) caring Answer: (A) justice 32 In middle adolescence, the main source of support is perceived to come from: (A) parents (B) teachers