理化會考

Ҭԩ

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴

಑ΤണȁԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬

१ᘈΙȁ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬அҏ‫ܒ‬፴

4

१ᘈΙȁᇯᜋԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬

१ᘈΠȁЫྙశᇄު੉‫ޟ‬ಢԙ

9

಑Ξണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ψ

಑Πണȁ‫ݰ‬ଢ଼ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬жࣨ

१ᘈΙȁΨᇄᔆΨ

१ᘈΙȁ‫ޟݰ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴

17

१ᘈΠȁᖐ‫ݰ‬ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬ौશ

20

಑έണȁӎᇄ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬жࣨ १ᘈΙȁӎ‫ޟ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴

25

಑ѲണȁվླྀЈӴ

66

73

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ १ᘈΙȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼

83

१ᘈΠȁΨᇄၼଢ଼

91

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ १ᘈΙȁђᇄ՝૖

97

१ᘈΙȁྣ࡙ᇄШዥ

33

१ᘈΠȁΨઐᇄᄹజ

102

१ᘈΠȁዥ‫ޟ‬༈ኬᇄኇ៪

36

१ᘈέȁఇ७ᇄᙏ൐ᐠడ

107

಑Ϥണȁસ‫ސ‬፴‫༹ޟ‬ફ १ᘈΙȁᇯᜋϯશᇄনυ

಑ΪΠണȁஅҏႫၯ 41

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন

१ᘈΙȁᇯᜋஅҏႫၯ

110

಑Ϊέണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ⴋᇄᆄ

१ᘈΙȁᇯᜋϽᏰІᔖ

47

१ᘈΙȁႫࢺ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖ

118

१ᘈΠȁᇯᜋ੊Ͻᗙন

50

१ᘈΠȁႫࢺᇄᆄൟ‫ޟ‬ҺϣհҢ

127

಑Μണȁሖȃᢃȃᢄ १ᘈΙȁႫ၌፴ᇄሖᢃᢄ

59

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ണ࿽१ᘈоყ ണ࿽१ᘈоყߒԒ१ᘈᐌ౩Ȃ఼ཿඡණਯЖᢎ‫܈‬ȂՃࠉሆᚬඈಬȄ ྥ ጂ ঄ ᇄ ե ॎ ঄

࡟ก‫ސ‬ϚΙۡ‫ڷ‬ก໔൐՝ԙᐌኵॻȂᎌ࿋եॎџё஼ก໔‫ྥޟ‬ጂ࡙Ȅ ኵᐃ࢐ҥΙಢྥጂ঄ЅΙ՝եॎ঄ಢԙȄ ଄ᓃ‫ڗ‬ቈᏢ‫ޟ‬ശω‫࡙ړ‬Ȃեॎ঄ҥശω‫࡙ړ‬ήΙ՝եॎՄுȄ ԎʔҲ EO

Ұ ཎ ყ EO

EO

EO

ӂ‫ڪ‬Ҳ

ŕŇՋʇEO

ଧ̟Ҳ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ ണ࿽ᄂ ണ࿽ᄂᡛᅋҰȂყМ؏᡽ጂᄂȂས଩ყߒԤօё౏଄ᏹȄ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

؏᡽Ι

ցҢЙႫํёા༫ํ‫ײ‬юяആ ᜢ ฐ ᘈȂ ໔ ю ฐ ຽȂ ஠ ആ ᜢ ࠉȃࡣІᙽȂӔกΙԩȄ

Ұȁཎȁყ

ࡩૃ

‫וٷ‬፡ᐌ៑ᕎᇄᜢ७‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȂ ಋଢ଼ાࡎȂ‫ײڗޢ‬юᕎฑശ఼ ཿ‫ޟ‬჋࣏ХȄ

؏᡽Π

፼ۛ࠵

ˀɄ

ˀࡍ

Ɏࡍ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ ᐣ۩१ौᚠ࠮዁ᔣᅋጛȂҬ኿ႀԙ‫ޟ‬ശࡣΙ‫װ‬ᢒୠȊ ᐣ۩१ौ )!̎!* 1. Ιᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱ၆Ԥ࢚સ‫ސ‬፴ҦశᡝȂ਌‫ڗ‬ӕ৲ TʨվᙠࡉϛംᅚվࠓȂี౪ᐶ‫ݔ‬ ϱԤ‫ھ‬ᡝጥᄚю౪Ȃи‫ھ‬ᡝਗ਼ܻశ७Ȅ‫ٷ‬ΰक़րᘞȂԤᜰҦ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬ఄक़Ȃή Ӗդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) ωܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙ωܻశᄘ஝࡙ ŇᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) σܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙σܻశᄘ஝࡙ ňᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) ωܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙σܻశᄘ஝࡙ ʼnᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) σܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙ωܻశᄘ஝࡙ 1.DȄӵ Tʨਢ౰ҡ‫ھ‬ᡝȂ‫ܚ‬оᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) ଽܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᡝਗ਼ܻశ७Ȃ஝࡙ၶశᡝωȄ

)!̋!* 2. ӵࡉྣήȂωПցҢΙএ፴໔࣏ 300g ‫࣠ޟ‬ይ౭Ȃ஠࣠ይ౭၆஝࡙࣏ 1.5 g » cm3 ‫ޟ‬ҦశᡝȂᆎுᖂ፴໔࣏ 900gȂषই௬౭ϛ‫ޟ‬ҦశᡝȂ࡟࣠ይ౭ୁࡣȂ‫׽‬၆ ᅖ஝࡙ 1.2 g » cm3 ‫ޟ‬ΚశᡝȂᆎுᖂ፴໔࣏ӻЍ g ȉ ņ 780g Ň 960g ň 1080g ʼn 1260g 2. AȄ(900-300)/1.5=400 ࣠ይ౭ৠᑖ 400cm3 ‫׽‬၆ᅖΚశᡝȂᖂ፴ 300+400ɰ1.2=780gȄ

಑

Ι ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ १ᘈΠ ᄂȁᡛ ᄂȁᡛ

‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬அҏ‫ܒ‬፴ Ыྙశᇄު੉‫ޟ‬ಢԙ ᙏ൐‫ސޟ‬፴Ϸᚔ ੊੉ᇄΠ੊Ͻᆇᇧര

፴ ‫ސ‬ ᜋ ᇯ

१ᘈ

IJ

‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬அҏ‫ܒ‬፴

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃߝ࡙‫ޟ‬ก໔ ྥ ጂ ঄ ᇄ ե ॎ ঄

࡟ก‫ސ‬ϚΙۡ‫ڷ‬ก໔൐՝ԙᐌኵॻȂᎌ࿋եॎџё஼ก໔‫ྥޟ‬ጂ࡙Ȅ ኵᐃ࢐ҥΙಢྥጂ঄ЅΙ՝եॎ঄ಢԙȄ ྥጂ঄଄ᓃ‫ڗ‬ቈᏢ‫ޟ‬ശω‫࡙ړ‬Ȃեॎ঄ҥശω‫࡙ړ‬ήΙ՝եॎՄுȄ ԎʔҲ EO

Ұ ཎ ყ EO

ҁ ֯ ঄

EO

EO

ӂ‫ڪ‬Ҳ

ŕŇՋʇEO

ଧ̟Ҳ

ก໔঄֤Ԥեॎ঄Ȃ҆Ԥᇲ৯ԆӵȂ‫ٺ‬Ңӻԩก໔‫ڥ‬ҁ֯঄џඪଽก ໔ྥጂ‫ܒ‬Ȃष࢐݂ᡗᇲ৯Ȃᔖӑւଶ၎ก໔঄ȂӔؑҁ֯঄Ȅ

Πȃ஝࡙‫ޟ‬ก໔ ۡ

ဎ

൐՝ᡝᑖϱ‫ސ֤ܚ‬፴‫ޟ‬፴໔Ȃо D ߒҰȄ о‫ސ‬፴፴໔ȞMȟ‫ڷ‬ᡝᑖȞVȟ‫ޟ‬Ш঄ߒҰȈ

ϴ

Ԓ

஝࡙ɶ

፴໔ M Ȃᙏ଄̎ɶ Ȅ ᡝᑖ V

έȃ‫ސ‬፴‫ܒޟ‬፴ ‫ސ‬౩‫ܒ‬፴

ϽᏰ‫ܒ‬፴

‫ޢ‬௥ᢎᄆ‫ܖ‬ก໔։џᄆឈ‫ܒޟ‬፴Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈ፴໔ȃ᚟Փȃ‫ޑ‬ᄘȃ஝࡙ȃ џྙ‫้ܒ‬Ȅ ‫ސ‬፴ӵϽᏰᡐϽਢ‫ߒܚ‬౪ю‫ܒޟ‬፴Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈᆻᇟ‫ܒ‬ȃџᐽ‫ܒ‬ȃօᐽ‫ܒ‬ȃ ᄇ੊‫ܒࣀޟ‬ȃሖᢃ‫้ܒ‬Ȅ

4 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ѳȃ‫ސ‬፴ᡐϽ ϽᏰᡐϽ

ᡐϽࡣȂҏ፴ϐင‫׽‬ᡐȂиԤཱི‫ސ‬፴౰ҡȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈүᑼၐાᡐՓȃҡរȃ ੑϽհҢȃᐽᐶȃӎӫհҢȄ

‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽ

ᡐϽࠉࡣ഍࢐ӣΙᆍ‫ސ‬፴Ȃѫ࢐‫ޑ‬ᄘϚӣȂҏ፴‫ٮ‬ฒ‫׽‬ᡐȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈ‫ސ‬ ፴έᄘᡐϽȃᑥ‫ྙޟ‬၌ȃᐷ๛ีӎȃᑑԙಠ઱Ȅ ϽᏰᡐϽȈ ៑ᇑ੉ᇄ੊հҢȞᐽᐶȟ

Ұ ཎ ყ

‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽȈ శᄘ៑‫ݶ‬ᡐϽԙ៑ᇑ੉ ‫ھ‬ᄘ៑ᡐϽԙశᄘ៑‫ݶ‬

ᄥ๝ǬćʋᏚ̌ย‫۝‬ ᄥ๝Ǭ ᄥύઃѐʼĦǬѐ ઃѐᄥ ੰѐᄥ

Ϥȃ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬Ϸ᜸

સ ‫ ސ‬፴

‫ڎ‬ԤΙۡ‫ܒ‬፴Ȟᅧᘈȃ஝้࡙ȟᇄಢԙȂસ‫ސ‬፴ѓࢂϯશᇄငϽᏰ ᡐϽ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ͻӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ ϯશȈߜȃሚȃؒȃ១ȃ੊੉ȃ૚੊Ȅ Ͻӫ‫ސ‬ȈΠ੊ϽᆇȃસЫȃନᆠȃॵᢄȄ

౅ ӫ ‫ސ‬

‫ܒ‬፴ᇄಢԙ഍Ϛ‫ۡھ‬Ȃ౅ӫ‫ސ‬оϚ‫ۡھ‬Ш‫ޟٽ‬ኵᆍસ‫ސ‬፴౅ӫԙȂ‫ٽ‬ ԃȈْዎȃᏎЫȃӨᆍྙశȄ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̎!* 1. Ιᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱ၆Ԥ࢚સ‫ސ‬፴ҦశᡝȂ਌‫ڗ‬ӕ৲ TʨվᙠࡉϛംᅚվࠓȂี౪ᐶ‫ݔ‬ ϱԤ‫ھ‬ᡝጥᄚю౪Ȃи‫ھ‬ᡝਗ਼ܻశ७Ȅ‫ٷ‬ΰक़րᘞȂԤᜰҦ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬ఄक़Ȃή Ӗդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) ωܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙ωܻశᄘ஝࡙ ŇᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) σܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙σܻశᄘ஝࡙ ňᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) ωܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙σܻశᄘ஝࡙ ʼnᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) σܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᄘ஝࡙ωܻశᄘ஝࡙ 1.DȄӵ Tʨਢ౰ҡ‫ھ‬ᡝȂ‫ܚ‬оᏗ‫ھ‬ᘈ ( ᅧᘈ ) ଽܻ TʨȂ‫ھ‬ᡝਗ਼ܻశ७Ȃ஝࡙ၶశᡝωȄ

)!̋!* 2. ӵࡉྣήȂωПցҢΙএ፴໔࣏ 300g ‫࣠ޟ‬ይ౭Ȃ஠࣠ይ౭၆஝࡙࣏ 1.5 g » cm3 ‫ޟ‬Ҧశᡝ‫ڗ‬јᅖȂᆎுᖂ፴໔࣏ 900gȂषই௬౭ϛ‫ޟ‬ҦశᡝȂ࡟࣠ይ౭ୁࡣȂ ‫׽‬၆ᅖ஝࡙ 1.2 g » cm3 ‫ޟ‬ΚశᡝȂᆎுᖂ፴໔࣏ӻЍ g ȉ ņ 780g Ň 960g ň 1080g ʼn 1260g 2. AȄ(900-300)/1.5=400 ࣠ይ౭ৠᑖ 400cm3 ‫׽‬၆ᅖΚశᡝȂᖂ፴ 300+400ɰ1.2=780gȄ

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴ 5

)!̍!* 3. ՂৱौؑӣᏰ೩ॎΙএԤᜰϚӣ᚟Փ઱๋ӵЫϛ੔‫ݾ‬ᇄ઱๋ᘞນᜲܾ࡙ᜰ߽ ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡛȂᄂᡛП‫࣏ݲ‬ӑ஠઱๋੔‫ݾ‬ЫϛΙࢲਢ໢ȂӔоࣺӣ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬໔ю‫׷‬ᘞ ઱๋‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ശωѴΨȄҥήӖᒵ໶‫ޟ‬ᄂᡛकᓃߒȂ௰กդ‫ޟޱ‬ᄂᡛ೩ॎശ ಒӫࠉक़‫ޟ‬ᄂᡛҬ‫ޟ‬ȉ ņ

Ň

ᄂᡛಢտ ઱๋᚟Փ

Ι ҩ

Π ҩ

έ ҩ

Ѳ ҩ

ᄂᡛಢտ ઱๋᚟Փ

Ι ҩ

Π औ

έ ᙢ

Ѳ ༁

੔‫ݾ‬ਢ໢Ȟsȟ

20

40

60

80

੔‫ݾ‬ਢ໢Ȟsȟ

20

40

60

80

઱๋ߝ࡙Ȟcmȟ ശωѴΨȞkgwȟ

8

8

8

8

઱๋ߝ࡙Ȟcmȟ ശωѴΨȞkgwȟ

5

6

7

8

ň

ʼn

ᄂᡛಢտ ઱๋᚟Փ

Ι ҩ

Π औ

έ ᙢ

Ѳ ༁

ᄂᡛಢտ ઱๋᚟Փ

Ι ҩ

Π ҩ

έ ҩ

Ѳ ҩ

੔‫ݾ‬ਢ໢Ȟsȟ

20

20

20

20

੔‫ݾ‬ਢ໢Ȟsȟ

40

40

40

40

઱๋ߝ࡙Ȟcmȟ ശωѴΨȞkgwȟ

8

8

8

8

઱๋ߝ࡙Ȟcmȟ ശωѴΨȞkgwȟ

5

6

7

8

3. CȄᐇᖃᡐӰ࣏᚟Փ ‫ܚ‬о੔‫ݾ‬ਢ໢ሯࣺӣȄ

)!̌!* 4. ωያདо໔ํ໔‫ ڥ‬30.0 mL ‫ྙޟ‬శȂԃყຎጣጐᓞ‫ࡾܚ‬ ‫ޟ‬՝ည࣏໔ํϛҬࠉϐ໔‫ྙޟڥ‬శᡝᑖȄωያ‫ٺ‬ҢήӖ ঺ΙᆍᏢ؅၆‫ྙڥ‬శࡣȂӔёΣ໔ํϱȂശ૖ᗗջᡝᑖ ຺ю 30.0 mL ȉ ! ņ! !!!!!!!!!!!Ň!!!!!!!!!!!!ň!!!!!!!!!!!ʼn!

500 500ml

ǞȀɌ O.

300 0mL

400 300 200

250 200

100

150 100

4. BȄЍ໔ᡝᑖ‫ޟ‬శᡝҢᅎᆓ໔‫ڥ‬Ȅ

)!̎!* 5. Ԥ‫ޑל‬ȃσω഍Ϛӣ‫ ޟ‬6 ༵ߜ឴༵ȂᄇؐΙএ‫ސ‬ᡝก໔ Ѻ‫ޟ‬፴໔‫ڷ‬ᡝᑖȂӵПਿાΰு 6 এᘈȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ ϐ‫ ޣ‬6 ༵ߜ឴༵ѫҥ 2 ᆍߜ឴ᄺԙȂषԤ 1 এᘈ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ !

Θ ʔ I

ᢅ

ࣼ

5. DȄҥনᘈџหю 2 న‫ޢ‬ጣȂѫԤΛᘈဣ൐Ȅ

‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖȞVȟȂ‫ٮ‬оЈҁ໔ก‫ڏ‬፴໔ȞMȟȂശࡣ஠๖‫ݎ‬ ජᛲԃყȄԂี౪ყΰӨᘈ࡬џ೿ԙΙన‫ޢ‬ጣȂиԪ‫ޢ‬

6 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ʉϕ EO

8 EO

ጣ೽ႆনᘈȂࠌԂඪюήӖ঺Ιএᇳ݂‫پ‬၌ភԪΙ౪ຫ ശӫᎌȉ ņӰ࣏೻‫ߜٲ‬឴౨‫ޟ‬஝࡙ࣺӣ ŇӰ࣏೻‫ߜٲ‬឴౨‫ޟ‬Шዥࣺӣ ňӰ࣏೻‫ߜٲ‬឴౨‫ࣺޑלޟ‬ӣ

Ⴈ

ԤᇲȂࠌശџ૖࢐঺Ιᘈȉ ņҦ! !!!!ŇΚ!!!!!!ňе!!!!!!ʼnΛ

)!̋!* 6. ԤϤএσωϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᄂЖߜ឴౨ȂωೇϷտ஠೻‫ߜٲ‬឴౨ ҵΣЫϛȂցҢߜ឴౨௶໠Ы‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ‫پ‬໔ு೻‫ߜٲ‬឴౨

঱

ʼnӰ࣏໔ก౨ᡝᑖ‫ޟ‬П‫ࣺݲ‬ӣ

I /

)!̎!* 7. ԃήყ࣏࢚ᄂᡛᏢ؅‫ޟ‬έᆍ‫ٺ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȃ঺ඁᆍ‫ٺ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ϛ࡬࿋ȉ ƶʑ঱

ƶʑႨ

ƶʑᢅ ŇहǙ

ăዳǏnj nj ĀˀΘ ԎʔăዳǏnjĀˀΘɄϕ

.

O

O.

O.

O.

čƫߴ௓Ȁɴዳઃ

ņП‫ݲ‬Ҧ‫ڷ‬П‫ݲ‬Κ ňП‫ݲ‬Κ‫ڷ‬П‫ݲ‬е

nj

ȀɌŷ෪౏ԜŪዳઃ

ŇП‫ݲ‬Ҧ‫ڷ‬П‫ݲ‬е ʼnѫԤП‫ݲ‬Κ

7. DȄ໔ํϛϚџ໌՗ёዥᇄϽᏰІᔖȄ

)!̎!* 8. ❑൩ᢎᄆ‫ލލ‬ӵড়ϛցҢ૯൧ดЫਢȂҟ඼ᝥ‫ޟ‬ЬΨσωխнོኇ៪Ыด‫ݴ‬ ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ȂԂ୅೩࿋ЬΨཕσȂ஠Ыด‫ܚݴ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ζཕЍȄषौᡛᜌԂ ‫ޟ‬୅೩࢐֏ӫ౩ȂήӖ঺Ιᆍᄂᡛ೩ॎџ‫ޢ‬௥Ң‫پ‬ᡛᜌԂ‫ޟ‬୅೩ȉ ņ ӵ‫ׇ‬Ӓࣺӣ‫ޟ‬૯൧ϛȂϷտ၆ ΣϚӣЫ໔ȂоӣΙҟ඼ᝥ‫ޟ‬ ࣺӣЬΨёዥȂก໔Ы௃ྣࡉ ёዥ‫ݴڗ‬អ‫ܚ‬ሯਢ໢

Ň ‫ٺ‬ҢϚӣσω‫ޟ‬૯൧ȂϷտ၆ Σ้໔‫ޟ‬ЫȂоӣΙҟ඼ᝥ‫ޟ‬ ࣺӣЬΨёዥȂก໔Ы௃ྣࡉ ёዥ‫ݴڗ‬អ‫ܚ‬ሯਢ໢

ň ӵ‫ׇ‬Ӓࣺӣ‫ޟ‬૯൧ϛȂϷտ၆ ΣϚӣЫ໔ȂоӣΙҟ඼ᝥ‫ޟ‬ ࣺӣЬΨёዥȂ஠Ыёዥ 6 Ϸ មȂก໔ҟ඼ఝ෵ሆ‫ޟ‬१໔

ʼn ӵ‫ׇ‬Ӓࣺӣ‫ޟ‬૯൧ϛȂϷտ၆Σ ้໔‫ޟ‬ЫȂоӣΙҟ඼ᝥ‫ޟ‬σȃ ϛȃωϚӣ‫ޟ‬ЬΨёዥȂก໔Ы ௃ྣࡉёዥ‫ݴڗ‬អ‫ܚ‬ሯਢ໢

)!̌!* 9. ωཱིҢ‫ޢ‬Џก໔ਪҏቶ࡙তԁ࣏ 20.5 cmȂ፜୰Ԫ‫ޢ‬Џ‫ޟ‬ശω‫࣏࡙ړ‬ȉ ņ1m Ň 1 cm ň 1 mm ʼn 0.1 mm

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴ 7

ᚠ ಢ ፜ӵᎧ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 10. ʂ 11. ᚠȈ ԤҦȃΚȃеέএࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ȂϷտӵҦᐶ‫ݔ‬ইΣ 20 g ‫ޟ‬ЫЅ 80 cm3 ‫ޟ‬ӕȂ ӵΚᐶ‫ݔ‬ইΣ 100 g ‫ޟ‬ЫȂӵеᐶ‫ݔ‬ইΣ 100 cm3 ‫ޟ‬ӕȄ )!̍!* 10. ӵέএᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂЫᇄӕ‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔Ϟᜰ߽࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņҦɶΚɶе ŇҦɵΚɵе ňΚɵҦɵе

ʼnҦ = Κɵе

10. CȄΚ‫ݔ‬ϛЫ໔ 100gȂӰӕ஝࡙ωܻЫȂҦеШ ၶȂҦᐶ‫ݔ‬Ԥ 20cm3 ӕȂеᐶ‫ݔ‬Ԥ 100 cm3 ‫ޟ‬ӕȂ ‫ܚ‬оҦ > еȄ

)!̍!* 11. ӵέএᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂЫᇄӕ౅ӫᡝ‫ޟ‬ҁ֯஝࡙Ϟᜰ߽࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņҦɶΚɶе ňΚɵҦɵе

ŇҦɵΚɵе ʼnҦɵΚ = е

11. CȄӕཕӻȂҁ֯஝࡙ཕωȄ

)!̍!* 12. ωઍ஠࢚శᡝϷԩইΣ໔ํϛȂӔցҢЈҁ‫ٷ‬ԩก໔శ ᡝ‫ڷ‬໔ํ‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔Ȃ‫ٮ‬Ϸտ଄ᓃ໔ํϛశᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖȂ‫ڏ‬ ᄂᡛኵᐃԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņశᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖཕσȂ஝࡙ཕσ Ňశᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖཕσȂ஝࡙ཕω ň‫ٷ‬ኵᐃ௰፣໔ํ፴໔ 20 g 3 3 ʼnᡝᑖ 60 cm ਢॎᆗ஝࡙࣏ 7 ʝ 3 g ʝ cm

ઃ Ʉ ȇ ʔ ༎ Ā ɻ Θ ʔ

I

Ʉϕ EO

12. CȄశᡝ஝࡙Ȟ80-60ȟʝȞ30-20ȟ=2g ʝ cm3Ȃ໔ํ፴໔Ȟ60-20ȟʝ 2=20gȄ

)!̋!* 13. ωߦ஠վঝ৲ϛɯ 4ʨ‫ޟ‬ӕܹӵࡉྣήᒊϽԙЫȄήӖᜰܻ‫ݔ‬υϛӕᡐԙЫ ‫ޟ‬ఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ஝࡙ᡐσ Ň१໔෵Ѝ ňᡝᑖᡐω ʼn፴໔෵Ѝ 13. AȄӕ஝࡙ωܻЫȄ

8 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

१ᘈ

ij

Ыྙశᇄު੉‫ޟ‬ಢԙ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃЫྙశ‫ޟ‬ಢԙ ۡ

ဎ

ѫौ֤Ы‫ྙޟ‬శ֯ᆎ࣏ЫྙశȂиϚ፣Ы໔ӻᄀȂ഍஠Ыຜ࣏ྙᏘȂ ૖ྙ၌ӵЫϛ‫ސޟ‬፴ᆎ࣏ྙ፴Ȃྙ፴ᇄྙᏘ֯Ϻ౅ӫశȂᆎ࣏ྙశȄ

ӵ੫ۡ‫ޑ‬ᄘήȞྣ࡙ȃᔆΨȟήȂྙᏘȞЫȟ‫ܚ‬૖ྙ၌‫ྙޟ‬፴ശσ፴໔Ȃ Ⴙ‫ྙڷ‬శ ೽லо 100 ϴպྙᏘϛ‫ܚ‬૖ྙ၌ྙ፴‫ޟ‬ശσϴպኵߒҰȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈྙ၌ ࡙Ȟ12g » 100g ЫȟȂࡾ 100g Ыശӻྙ၌ 12g ྙ፴Ȅ ྙ ၌ ࡙

‫ھ‬ᡝྙ፴ȈΙૡ࢐ྣ࡙ଽྙ၌࡙ΰЀȂᔆΨᄇྙ၌࡙ኇ៪ϚσȄ ੉ᡝྙ፴Ȉଽྣਢྙ၌࡙ၶωȂᔆΨσਢྙ၌࡙ၶσȄ

Πȃު੉‫ޟ‬ಢԙᇄ‫ܒ‬፴

෨

੉

෨੉࢐ު੉ϛ֤໔ശӻ‫੉ޟ‬ᡝȂฒՓȃ ฒ‫ڨ‬ȃฒ૚ȂϚџᐽζϚօᐽȄ ࡉྣήඁнϚีҡІᔖȂॵࠢலш༲෨ ੉о٩ᡐ፴ȂծӵЕᔝϛӰଽྣήܾᇄ ੊੉‫ל‬ԙ෨੊Ͻӫ‫ސ‬ȂՄഅԙު੉ԯࢗȄ ੊੉ӵު੉ϛ‫֤ޟ‬໔༉ԩܻ෨ȂฒՓȃ ฒ‫ڨ‬ȃฒ૚ȂϚџᐽծ‫ڎ‬Ԥօᐽ‫ܒ‬Ȅ

੊

੉

෪

੉

‫ڏ‬т੉ᡝ

ଶΟඪ‫ټ‬ҡ‫໌ސ‬՗‫֜ڳ‬հҢѴȂҏ٘ৠ ܾ‫ڏڷ‬т‫ސ‬፴౰ҡϽᏰᡐϽȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈ១ ᇧࠢৠܾҡរȄ

ὛǬ

ˬǬ‫ر‬Ū

஻Ǭ

⽢Ǭ

ȺŴǬɄ

෪੉ฒՓȃฒ‫ڨ‬ȃฒ૚ȂϚџᐽζϚօᐽȂ‫ܒ‬፴ྃԊۡȂᆎ࣏໚੉Ȅ ౚ௥ߜ឴ਢ‫ٺ‬Ң෪੉Ⴄ๘ު੉Ȃџ٩Хߜ឴Ӱଽ੊ϽȄ ު੉ϛଶΟΰक़੉ᡝѴȂᗙԤ‫ڏ‬т੉ᡝȂѺঈ‫ܚ‬ћ‫ޟ‬Ш‫ོٽ‬ᓍਢ໢ȃ Ӵᘈ‫੉ڷ‬ঐϚӣՄԤ‫׽ܚ‬ᡐȄ Ы੉Ȉᡐଢ଼ശσ‫੉ުޟ‬ԙϷȄ ੌ੉Ȉ༉ԩܻఱ੉࣏಑Πሆ‫੉ޟ‬ᡝȂџ‫ڥ‬фఱ੉шΣ੉౨Ȅ Ԭ੉ȈшΣᐷ‫ݾ‬ϛོีюऔӎȄ Π੊ϽᆇȈഅԙྣࡉਝᔖ੉ᡝϞΙȂ‫ټ‬ේ‫ސ‬՗ӎӫհҢȄ

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴ 9

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃᙏ൐‫ސޟ‬፴Ϸᚔ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ι

஠ᄬᚕಠँ‫ॵޟ‬ᢄইΣ၆Ԥ 20 mL Ы‫ޟ‬ ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂ‫ٮ‬о࣠ይ෕ᡁ‫ࡣܝ‬ᓗညȂᢎᄆ ‫ڏ‬ѴᢎȄ

Π

Ѫ‫ڥ‬Ι஻ཱིᘮાȂҢЍ໔ЫዜྡᘮાȂ ‫ ڏ ٺ‬ຮ ᆧ ᅓ Н ϱ ᏩȂ ӵ ᅓ Н ή П ည Ι ఼ዓႆ‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬ᅓНᓛߝ᜞ᆧຮᐶ‫ݔ‬ ᏩȂ஠ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱ‫ޟ‬శᡝ৸৸ইΣᅓНϛȄ ᢎᄆᘮાΰ࢐֏Ԥ‫ސ‬፴෤੼Ѕ೽ႆᘮા ‫ޟ‬శᡝȞᘮశȟѴᢎȄ

؏

᡽

έ

໔ ‫ ڥ‬ᐶ ‫ ݔ‬ϱ ‫ ޟ‬ᘮ శ 10 mL ই Σ ᇑ ี ҫ ϛȂՄࡣᇑีҫညܻନᆠᐷΰёዥȄ

؏

᡽

Ѳ

ႆᘮࡣ‫ॵޟ‬ᢄЫёዥ๖ව੼ή‫ݴ‬ᘈၶଽ ‫ॵޟ‬ᢄȄ

Ұȁཎȁყ

ᆒќ

౰ઉм༗࿘౵ 20 mL

ᆍ‫ܠ‬ᇒ

ᘮાႆᘮँಖ࣏ྙ၌ႆᘮ‫ݲ‬Ȉ ցҢ‫ސ‬፴ᄇЫ‫ྙޟ‬၌࡙Ȟ‫ܖ‬ᗻಖσωȟϚӣ‫پ‬Ϸᚔ‫ސ‬፴Ȅ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬ ஠ॵᢄЫёዥ๖ව࣏๖ව‫ݲ‬Ȉ ցҢ‫ސ‬፴‫ݴ‬ᘈϚӣ‫پ‬Ϸᚔ‫ސ‬፴Ȅ

10 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Πȃ੊੉ᇄΠ੊Ͻᆇᇧര ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏

᡽

Ι

؏

᡽

Π

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

஠ኄο౭၆ᅖЫȂҢ࣠ይаᇐᆧ౭οȂ ጂۡ౭ϱ‫ؠ‬Ԥ੉‫ࡣݾ‬ইҳȂညܻ၆Ыј ᅖ‫ޟ‬ЫዀϛȂՄࡣಋଶ࣠ይаȄ

֜ᘮ౭ϛܹΣ 1 g ‫ޟ‬Π੊ϽᒾȂ‫ٮ‬ωЖ ፡ᐌᖪᓞᅓН‫ޟ‬ଽ࡙Ȅ

؏

᡽

έ

ҥᖪᓞᅓНΰᆒёЍ೨ЫȂ‫ٺ‬Ы՝౱ଽ ܻᖪᓞᅓНߝᆓґᆒȄ஠ᐜҪᆓΙᆒᇄ ֜ᘮ౭୏ᆓ೿௥ȂѪΙᆒಋΣЫዀ‫ޟ‬శ ७ήȄ

؏

᡽

Ѳ

ёΣᚖ੊ЫࡣȂџࣼ‫ݾ੉ڗ‬௃Ы७ήࠃ юȂӑϚौԝ໱೻‫੉ٲ‬ᡝȄ

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴ 11

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

Ϥ

ϲ

้σ໔੉‫ݾ‬౰ҡਢȂӔ‫װ‬ᐜҪᆓಋΣ‫ٱ‬ ӑ၆ᅖЫ‫ޟ‬ኄο౭ϛȄ

Ԥ੉‫ݾ‬Ռኄο౭өѴࠃюȂߒҰ੊੉ϐ ငшᅖኄο౭Ȅ௥๿ӵЫϛҢ࣠ይа஠ ౭οᇐԁȂ஠ኄο౭௃Ыϛ‫ڥ‬юȂ౭ο ෉ΰညܻਹ७Ȅ

؏

᡽

Μ

‫ڥ‬ѪѴΙএ֜ᘮ౭‫ܹ׽‬ညσ౩ү‫ڷ‬ЫȂᖪᓞᅓН‫׽‬ᅎใᢄሖȂ१ፒ ؏᡽Ι‫ڗ‬ϲȄ

੊੉ȈџօᐽȂᡱЬ਼ᎷᘴඈᐽȂծҏ ٘ϚџᐽȄ

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

Π੊ϽᆇȈϚџᐽи஝࡙Шު੉σȂџ ‫ٺ‬ዐ఼үԸЫ౰ҡҩՓ‫ؖ‬ᐦȄ

ত໠ۖ౰ҡ‫੉ޟ‬ᡝ֤Ԥ౭ϛު੉Ȃ࢈Ϛԝ໱Ȅ ‫ ݧ‬ཎ ‫ ٱ‬໶ ԝ໱੉ᡝӰϚܾৠܻЫȂ‫ٺ‬Ң௶Ы໱੉‫ݲ‬ԝ໱Ȅ षྙశҥᖪᓞᅓНቢюਢȂ஠೺ᆓ‫ܜ‬ᚔЫ७Ȅ

12 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̎!* 1. Discovery ऋᏰᓜၾΰȶࢺِತ๖‫ޱ‬ȷෆኬюȶୁӕࣔኆ ȷȂհ‫ݲ‬൷࢐ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ‫ୁװ‬ӕᒽԙω༵ȂܹΣ᝘੫ ౭ࡣఋᆧ౭ᇐȂඁϷមࡣȂ౭υതณȶᛖࣔȷΟȄ፜୰ ‫ڏ‬নӰശԤџ૖࣏դȉ ņୁӕ‫ޟ‬ճྣ‫ٺ‬౭υᛖນ Ňୁӕ֜ԝ CO2 ‫ٺ‬౭υᛖນ ňୁӕᇄ᝘੫౭౰ҡϽᏰᡐϽ‫ٺ‬౭υᛖࣔ

ɱ̖Ӌ

‫ܳٹ‬

ʼnୁӕភю‫ ޟ‬CO2 ੉ᔆ‫ٺ‬౭υᛖນ 1. DȄ࢐Π੊Ͻᆇ‫੉ޟ‬ᔆ‫ٺ‬౭υᛖນȄ

)!̌!* 2. ωᒊҢ៑ᕎᐶ໠ЫȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂԂี౪ȈȞIȟ៑ᕎᅎ ή‫پ‬ȂȞIIȟᕎᑼᡐ฻ΟȂиȞIIIȟЫ໔ᡐЍΟȂ‫ٮ‬ȞIVȟ

nj ʔֺ

ӵ‫ݔ‬ጢ౰ҡωЫᅎȄ፜୰ȈȞIȟʂȞIVȟѲᆍ௑‫ל‬Ȃ঺ Ιᆍ‫ڷ‬ϽᏰᡐϽᜰ߽ശ஝ϸȉ ᄥቋ ņȞIȟ ŇȞIIȟ ňȞIIIȟ ʼnȞIVȟ 2. BȄɞ‫ޑ‬ᄘᡐϽȂɟᑼೝᐶ฻Ȃ࢈࣏ϽᏰᡐϽȂɠЫᇑ੉࣏‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽȂɡЫᇑ੉ᡐԙ ωЫᅎ࣏‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽȄ

)!̋!* 3. ӵலᔆήȂϚӣྣ࡙ਢȂ1 mL ‫ޟ‬Ыϛџྙ၌ҦȃΚȃеȃΛѲᆍ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ ԃήߒȄ‫ٷ‬ᐃߒϛၥਟȂӵலᔆȃலྣήȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ᎌӫ‫ٺ‬Ң௶Ы໱੉‫ݲ‬ԝ ໱੉ᡝȉ

ྣ࡙ 0ʨ 20ʨ 40ʨ

Ҧ 21 18 16

Κ 507 442 368

е 1.71 88 55

Λ 240 150 120

ņҦ ȁȁ ŇΚȁȁňеȁȁʼnΛ 3. AȄᄇЫྙ၌࡙ശω‫੉ޟ‬ᡝശϚܾྙܻЫȂၶᎌӫ‫ٺ‬ Ң௶Ы໱੉‫ݲ‬ԝ໱Ȅ

)!̎!* 4. ֤ሚᝪ‫ސ‬Ԥ 200 ӻᆍȂծ૖࣏ҡ౰ҩሚ‫ޟ‬кौনਟԤ 12 ᆍȂ‫ڏ‬ϛΙᆍ࢐ᎃሚ ᝪȂծ࢐ก໔жࣨӨӴ‫ޟ௴ܚ‬ᎃሚᝪȂี౪‫֤ڏ‬ሚ‫ޟ‬Ш‫ٽ‬ϚᅾࣺӣȄ‫ٷ‬ᐃΰ क़‫پ‬௰፣Ȃᎃሚᝪᔖ឴ܻήӖդᆍ‫ސ‬፴ȉ ņϯશ Ňᆹӫ‫ސ‬ ňϽү‫ސ‬ ʼn౅ӫ‫ސ‬

4. ̎ȄӰ࣏ȶ֤ሚ‫ޟ‬Ш‫ٽ‬Ϛᅾࣺӣȷրᘞ‫౅࣏ڏ‬ӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴ 13

)!̋!* 5. ϐ‫ސޣ‬፴ X ӵ 20ʨȃ60ʨЫϛ‫ྙޟ‬၌࡙Ϸտ࣏ 70g ʝ 100 g Ыȃ30g ʝ 100 g ЫȄ ӵ 20ʨᇄ 60ʨਢȂӨ‫ ڥ‬6 g ‫ސޟ‬፴ X ёΣ֤Ԥ 10 g Ы‫ޟ‬ၐᆓϛȂшϷᡁ‫ࡣܝ‬Ȃ ଄ᓃ‫࡙ྣڍ‬ήၐᆓϛ X ྙ၌‫ޟ‬፴໔‫ٮ‬հყȂࠌήӖդ‫࣏ޱ‬၎ყȉ ņ

: ዳ ̚ Ā Θ ʔ I

Ň

: ዳ ̚ Ā Θ ʔ I

ň

: ዳ ̚ Ā Θ ʔ I

삸 ѹʇ

삸 ѹʇ

삸 ѹʇ

: ዳ ̚ Ā Θ ʔ I

ʼn

삸 ѹʇ

5. AȄ20ʨ 10g Ыശӻџྙ၌ 7 ̫Ȃ‫ܚ‬о 6g ഍ྙ၌Ȅ

)!̌!* 6. ѲᆍϚӣસ‫ސ‬፴Ө‫ ڥ‬10 gȂܻЫྣ 25 ʨਢȂϷտܹΣӨ౾Ԥ 10 mL Ы‫ޟ‬Ҧȃ ΚȃеȃΛѲএᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂшϷᡁ‫ࡣܝ‬ȂоᘮાႆᘮҐྙ၌‫ސ‬፴Ȃ஠ᘮા੥ୁȂ થுҐྙ၌‫ސ‬፴፴໔ԃߒȄᜰܻԪѲ‫ྙݔ‬శ‫ޟ‬ఄक़ȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ

ᐶ‫ݔ‬

Ҧ

Κ

е

Λ

Ґྙ၌໔ (g)

3

2

1

4

ņе‫ྙޟݔ‬၌࡙ശω ňΛ‫ޟݔ‬१໔ԻϷᐨ࡙ശσ

ŇӨྙశ࣏֯Ⴙ‫ྙڷ‬శ ʼnषЫྣЀଽȂӨྙశ‫ྙޟ‬၌࡙Ϛᡐ

)!̌!* 7. ᆇሖ໗ᇄ෩Ͻ໗‫ڍ‬ᆍ‫ھ‬ᄘ઱ґ౅ӫȂήყ࣏Ԫ౅ӫ઱ґϷᚔ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡛ؏᡽Ȃࠌ ყϛ XȃYȃWȃZ Ө࣏դᆍ‫ސ‬፴ȉ ஄ӓ࿗ 조

Ȁnjŷ ļ࿋

ੰɄ 좞 ๝Ǭཹʨ

ᬍ͓࿗ ࿋ઃ

:

좜

Ȁɴ डҢˀ

<

ņ W ࣏ЫȃY ࣏෩Ͻ໗ȃZ ࣏ᆇሖ໗ Ň W ࣏ЫȃY ࣏ᆇሖ໗ȃZ ࣏෩Ͻ໗ ň X ࣏෩Ͻ໗ЫྙశȃY ࣏ᆇሖ໗ȃZ ࣏Ы ʼn X ࣏෩Ͻ໗ЫྙశȃY ࣏ЫȃZ ࣏ᆇሖ໗ 7. BȄᆇሖ໗ϚྙܻЫȂ࢐ YȄW ࣏ЫȃZ ࣏෩Ͻ໗Ȅ

)!̎!* 8. ᙛཾᗉٙϛȂலҢΙᆍ෨੊Ͻӫ‫فސ‬ಛ‫پ‬ඪଽЕᔝ଻ΨȂ‫ڏ‬ন౩࣏Ȉ஠శᄘ N2O ၆Σଽᔆ‫ޟ‬ᓁ౭ϛȂ‫ٺ‬ҢਢȂ҈໠ረߞȂȞҦȟ஠ᓁ౭ϛҥశᄘᡐԙ੉ ᄘ‫ ޟ‬N2O ភюȂȞΚȟ੉ᄘ N2O ႄዥϷ၌ԙ N2 ‫ ڷ‬O2 ੉ᡝȂӔ଩ӫቨё‫ޟ‬ᐽ ਟȂџ౰ҡ࡞σ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼ΨȄΰक़ජक़Ϸտ឴ܻդᆍᡐϽȉ ņҦȃΚ࣏֯‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽ ŇҦȃΚ࣏֯ϽᏰᡐϽ ňҦ࣏ϽᏰᡐϽȃΚ࣏‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽ ʼnҦ࣏‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽȃΚ࣏ϽᏰᡐϽ 8. DȄҦ࣏έᄘᡐϽ឴ܻ‫ސ‬౩ᡐϽȂΚ࣏‫ސ‬፴Ϸ၌౰ҡཱི‫ސ‬፴Ȃ࣏ϽᏰᡐϽȄ

14 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

)!̌!*9. ԤᜰӴ౨σ੉ϛӨᆍ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬ఄक़ȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ֜ԝ๙Ѵጣ‫ޟ‬кौ੉ᡝ࢐෨੉ Ňσ੉ϛ֤໔ശӻ‫੉ޟ‬ᡝ࢐෨੉ ňഅԙΡ࣏Ӓ౨ቨྣླྀϽ‫ޟ‬кौ੉ᡝ࢐෨੉ ʼnഅԙЈ੉ᡐϽ‫ޟ‬кौ੉ᡝ࢐੊੉ 9. BȄņ૚੊ȂňഅԙӒ౨ླྀϽ‫ޟ‬кौ੉ᡝ࢐Π੊ϽᆇȂʼnЫ੉Ȅ

)!̍!*10. ήყϛȂყ ࣏Ӵ౨ୁᕍު੉‫ޟ‬ಢԙ੉ᡝᡝᑖШ‫ٽ‬ყȂყ ࣏ωႛᇧര࢚੉ ᡝ‫ޟ‬၆ညҰཎყȂІᔖ໠ۖࡣȂࠉ 30 ऌ‫੉ޟ‬ᡝϚԝ໱Ȃωႛࡣ‫ܚپ‬ԝ໱‫ޟڗ‬ ੉ᡝȂ࣏ყ ϛ‫঺ޟ‬Ιᆍ੉ᡝȉ ყ

ყ

ˉ஼nj ࣼǬɄ

঱ǬɄ ᢅǬɄ

ņҦ

ŇΚ

10. ̍Ȅе࣏੊੉Ȅ

ႨǬɄ

ňе

nj ȕ஼͓ᾍ

ʼnΛ

)!̍!*11. ѡყ࢐ҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ᆍ‫ސ‬፴ྙܻЫਢȂྙ၌࡙ᄇྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ᡐϽԢ ዳ ̚ ጣȂ౪ܻ 20ʨਢȂԤҦȃΚϞႹ‫ڷ‬ЫྙశӨΙ‫ݔ‬Ȃи഍ ʇ ฒ‫ؖ‬ᐦȂࠌоή঺Ι؏᡽Ιۡџ‫ݔڍٺ‬ϛ഍‫ל‬ԙ‫ؖ‬ᐦȉ ņ஠‫ྙڍ‬శ६ྣ Ň஠‫ྙڍ‬శЀྣ ň‫ྙڍװ‬శЫᇑี௬Ι‫ٲ‬ ʼnёΣ‫؁‬ӻ‫ޟ‬Ыӵ‫ྙڍ‬శϛ

঱ Ⴈ 삸 ѹʇ

11. CȄЫ෵ЍΟȂ‫ྙڍ‬శ഍ོӰྙᏘ෵ЍՄႀႹ‫ݙڷ‬юྙ፴Ȅ

)!̍!*12. ӵ 20ʨήȂ஠१໔ԻϷᐨ࡙ 1% ‫ॵޟ‬ᢄЫྙశ 100 պᐨᕻԙ 4%Ȟ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ؖ‬ᐦ ౰ҡȟȂࠌᐨᕻࡣ‫ྙޟ‬శϛЫԤӻЍպȉ ņ 11 Ň 12 ň 24 ʼn 25 12. CȄᐨᕻႆแྙ፴‫ޟ‬፴໔Ϛᡐɶ 100 պ ˪

1 1 4 ʖ X ɶ 25Ȃ࢈Ыɶ 25 ɯ 1 ʖ 24 պȄ ɶ 1 պȇ ɶ X 100 100

಑Ιണȁᇯᜋ‫ސ‬፴ 15

಑

Π

ࣨ ж ‫ޟ‬ ॱ ‫ݰ‬ଢ଼ᇄᖐ

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ‫ޟݰ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴ १ᘈΠ ᖐ‫ݰ‬ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬ौશ ᄂȁᡛ ౰ҡӓቁ‫ޟ‬Ӱશ

१ᘈ

IJ

‫ޟݰ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃ‫ޟݰ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴ ۡ

ဎ

‫࢐ݰ‬૖໔༈ሎ‫לޟ‬ԒȂѫ༈ሎ૖໔ȂϚ༈ሎ‫ސ‬፴Ȅ ‫ޟ໌ࠉݰ‬Пөᇄϭ፴ਏଢ଼Пөϣࣺ࠭‫ޢ‬Ȅ

ࡌ૑

ᐗ ‫ݰ‬ Ȟଽճ‫ݰ‬ȟ

2

͹ːೠʞٝ ŕƬĀŽ

໩વ

λ

ࡌୌ

͹ːೠʞٝ ŕӢĀŽ

ࡌǡɖƶˋ

3

4

ࡌ૑ͱࡌୌȇ ːೠʞٝƥǍĀࡍ͹

ːೠʞٝ

5

λ

ࡌǣ Ƞ๗ƨࡌ૑쨞ͱࡌୌ쨟ǍĀࡍ͹뼶

‫ޟ໌ࠉݰ‬Пөᇄϭ፴ਏଢ଼Пөϣࣺҁ՗Ȅ

‫ ˌݦ‬ॏΘ‫ݦ‬ʇęĀŞƶ

ᖃ ‫ݰ‬ Ȟ౵஝‫ݰ‬ȟ

࿂ˌ ॏΘ‫ݦ‬ʇŇĀŞƶ ࡌǣ

ࡌǣ

Ƞ๗ƨ‫ˌݦ‬쨞ͱ࿂ˌ쨟 ƥǍĀࡍ͹

಑Πണȁ‫ݰ‬ଢ଼ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 17

ΠȃӪຠ၌ភ Ӫȁȁຠ

൐՝

ཎဎ

໊෈ȞTȟ

ऌȞsecȂsȟ

‫ྛݰ‬౰ҡ 1 এ‫ܚݰ‬ሯ ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȅ

ᓜ౥Ȟfȟ

1 1 Ȟ ȟ ऌ s

ᜰ߽Ԓ

1 Tɶ f ‫ؐྛݰ‬ऌਏଢ଼ԩኵȄ

ሀ૭ȞHzȟ

‫ߝݰ‬Ȟ͡ȟ

‫ݰ‬ഀȞVȟ

ਏൽ

cmȂm

‫ ͡ ߝݰ‬ɶࣺ᎑‫ݰ‬৫ Ȟّȟ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȄ

cm m Ȃ s s

Ι এ ໊ ෈ ‫ ޟ‬ਢ ໢ V ɶ f ɰ͡ ϱȂ‫ޟ໌ࠉݰ‬ຽᚔȄ ‫ݰ‬ഀȞVȟɶ ‫໌ࠉݰ‬ຽᚔ Ȅ ငᐣਢ໢

cmȂm

ϭ፴ຽҐਏଢ଼ࠉ՝ည Ȟҁᒋ՝ညȟ‫ޟ‬ശσ ຽᚔȄ

18 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ɯ

രຝ

T ᇄ f ϣ࣏ই ኵȄ ‫ ݰ‬౰ ҡ ࡣȂ ᓜ౥ f Ѕ໊෈ T ։‫ۡھ‬ϚӔ ‫׽‬ᡐȄ ‫ݰ‬ഀོӰϭ ፴‫ޟ‬ᆍ᜸ᇄ ‫ ޑ‬ᄘ ‫ ׽‬ᡐȂ ծϭ፴ࣺӣ ਢȂϚᆓ Tȃ f σ ωȂ ‫ ݰ‬ഀ ഍‫ۡھ‬Ȅ

ਏൽфߒ‫ޟݰ‬ ૖໔Ȅ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̋!* 1. ω❕ցҢУᅃϷտᄭᔞҦȃΚȃеέЛॱξȂѺঈӵު੉ϛ‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰݰ‬ ߝϷտ࣏ 2.4 ϴЏȃ1.2 ϴЏȃ0.4 ϴЏȄ፜୰࿋ਢ঺Ιএॱξ౰ҡுᖐॱ໊ ෈ശσȉ ņҦ ŇΚ ňе ʼnέ‫෈໊ޟޱ‬Ιኺσ

1. AȄᖐഀࣺӣȂ̺ɶ̪ ɰ͡Ȃ‫ߝݰ‬ശσ‫ޱ‬ᓜ౥ശωȂάӰ̞ ᇄ f ϣ࣏ইኵȂ໊ߝᇄᓜ౥ԙІШȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ߝݰײ‬ശσ‫ޱ‬Ȅ

)!̌!* 2. ҁᓗฒॳ‫ޟ‬ήϿȂӵ೨᜹Աΰ O ᘈҵΣΙ‫ݛ‬฽ᄌȂ‫ٺ‬ Ы७ΰ౰ҡΙএ༫‫ל‬Ы‫ݰ‬Ȃϐ‫ޣ‬༫‫ל‬Ы‫ޟݰ‬ј৷ؐऌቨ ё 1 mȄषҵΣ฽ᄌࠉȂӵЫ७ΰຽᚔ O ᘈ 1 m Ѕ 2 m ‫ ޟ‬PȃQ ‫ڍ‬ᘈȂϷտԤΙаဣဨȂи OȃPȃQ ӵӣΙ ‫ޢ‬ጣΰȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࠌ฽ᄌҵΣЫϛ 2 ऌࡣȂ‫ڍ‬аဣ ဨ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔघ࣏ӻЍϴЏȉ ņ 2m Ň 3m ň 4m 2. BȄ‫ݰ‬༈ႆ‫پ‬ᐙဨΰήਏଢ଼ȂЫҁПөϚོಋଢ଼Ȅ ʼn 6m )!̌!* 3. ѡყ࣏೿៉໊෈‫ݰ‬Ȅष‫ྛݰ‬ಋଢ଼ 4 এਏൽ‫ޟ‬ਏଢ଼߆Ο 2 ऌȂиҦȃе࢐‫ݰ‬৫ȂΚȃΛ࢐‫ّݰ‬ȂࠌԪ‫ݰ‬ҥ՝ည a ༈‫ڗ‬՝ည bȂሯौӻЍਢ໢ȉ ņ 1.5 ऌ Ň 2.5 ऌ ň 3.0 ऌ ʼn 4.0 ऌ

O O 2 3 1 U U U

C

ࡌĀǡɖƶˋ

঱

D

ᢅ Ⴈ

ࣼ

3. BȄ໊෈ 2 ऌȂ՝ည a ༈‫ڗ‬՝ည b ሯ໊෈‫ ޟ‬5/4 ॻȂ։ 2ɰȞ5/4ȟɶ 2.5 ऌȄ

಑Πണȁ‫ݰ‬ଢ଼ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 19

१ᘈ

ij

ᖐ‫ݰ‬ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬ौશ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃᖐ‫ݰ‬ ౰ ҡ ন Ӱ ᖐॱ࢐ҥܻ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫פ‬ഀਏଢ଼Մ౰ҡȄ ᖐॱџоӵϚӣ‫ޟ‬ϭ፴ϛ༈ኬȂശலَ‫ޟ‬ϭ፴࣏ު੉Ȃଶު੉ϞѴ Ȃᖐॱζџоӵ೨ӻϚӣϭ፴༈ኬȄ

༈ኬПԒ

ᖐ

ᖐ‫ݰ‬༈ኬ‫פޟ‬ᄚȂᆎ࣏ᖐഀȂᖐഀ‫ڗڧ‬ϭ፴ᆍ᜸ኇ៪Ȅ ު੉ϛ‫ޟ‬ᖐഀζ‫ॳڗڧ‬өȃྡ࡙ᇄު੉ྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ኇ៪Ȅ

ഀ

ԃ‫ݎ‬о v фߒᖐഀȂT фߒីЪྣ࡙Ȃࠌୁᕍฒॳਢ‫੉ުޟ‬ᖐഀȈ v ɶ 331 ɮ 0.6TȄ

Πȃᖐॱ‫ޟ‬έσौશ ौ

શ

‫ܒ‬

፴

൐

՝ ᔖ

Ң

ҥ‫ޟݰ‬ਏൽȞ૖໔ȟ‫ؚۡ‬Ȅ ៪ ࡙ Ȟਏൽȟ

‫ڔ‬ʇę

Ϸٔ ȞdBȟ

៪࡙ၶσ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱ༈ுၶሉȄ 80 ϷٔоΰᄇΡᡝԤ৛Ȅ ҢΨ҈ჂȂਏൽσȂᖐॱζ ၶσȄ

ሀ૭ ȞHzȟ 1 Ȟ ȟ s

‫ސڍ‬ᡝีҡӓਏȞӓቁȟ౪ ຫనӇ࣏ᓜ౥ࣺӣȄ ีᖐᡝཕȶ฻ȃωȃሆȃᆧȃ ᖡȃಠȷȂࠌีюᖐॱཕଽȄ Ρ᜸ՆԨ૖᠙‫ޟڗ‬ᓜ౥ጒ൜ σघӵ 20 ʂ 20000Hz Ϟ໢Ȃ ᓜ౥຺ႆ 20000Hz ‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬Ȃ ᆎ຺࣏ᖐ‫ݰॱ຺ܖݰ‬Ȅ

‫ڔ‬ʇŇ

ҥ‫ޟݰ‬ᓜ౥‫ؚۡ‬Ȃᓜ౥ଽॱ ፡൷ଽȂІϞһณȄ ॱ

፡

͡ЭƬ

Ȟᓜ౥ȟ ͡ЭӢ

ҥ‫ؚۡלݰ‬Ȃᓜ౥ࣺӣծॱՓϚӣȄ ॱ Փ Ȟ‫לݰ‬ȟ

Ň ͎ ඁ IJǍ ௷ ඁ IJǍ

20 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ॱՓϚӣᡱ‫ר‬ঈџϷᒱюϚ ӣΡЅӨᆍዅᏢ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱȄ ዁ҽ‫ߒؾ‬ᅋ‫ޱ‬։዁ҽтΡᖐ ॱ‫ॱޟ‬ՓȄ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃ౰ҡӓቁ‫ޟ‬Ӱશ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

ϐ ‫ ޣ‬Ҧ ॱ ξ ࣏ 500 HzȂ Κ ॱ ؏᡽Ι

ξ ࣏ 600 HzȂ е ॱ ξ ࣏ 500 HzȂ஠ҦȃΚॱξӓቁ጑οࣺ ᄇܹညȂᄭᔞҦȂᢎᄆΚॱξ ོϚོਏଢ଼Ȅ

؏᡽Π

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

஠Ҧȃеॱξӓቁ጑οࣺᄇܹ ညȂᄭᔞҦȂᢎᄆеॱξ࢐֏ ีҡਏଢ଼Ȅ

‫ڍ‬ਏଢ଼ᓜ౥ࣺӣ‫ސޟ‬ᡝȂ࿋Ι‫ސ‬໠ۖਏଢ଼ਢȂ༈ю‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬џ‫ٺ‬নҏ Ґਏଢ଼‫ޟ‬ѪΙ‫ސ‬ᡝζีҡਏଢ଼ȂԪ౪ຫџᜌᄂᖐ‫ݰ‬џ༈ሎ૖໔Ȅ ࿋ᄭᔞҦॱξࡣȂӣᓜ౥‫ޟ‬ΚॱξӰӓਏՄᓍϞਏଢ଼ȂծеॱξӰ ᓜ౥ϚӣȂ࢈Ϛ‫ڧ‬ኇ៪Ȅ

಑Πണȁ‫ݰ‬ଢ଼ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 21

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̎!* 1. Ѳএਏଢ଼ྛϷտӵӣΙএᕗცϛ౰ҡᖐॱȂѺঈ ‫ܚ‬౰ҡᖐॱ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬ԃѡߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȄήӖԤᜰѺঈ౰ ҡ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱӵު੉ϛ༈ኬ‫ޟ‬ఄक़Ȃդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņѲ‫ܚޱ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱȂΡ᜸഍᠙‫ڗޟ‬ ŇΚ‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱȂ༈ுശ‫פ‬ ňе‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱശσᖐ ʼnΛ‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱȂ༈ுᇄеΙኺ‫פ‬

ਏଢ଼ྛ

៪࡙ ᓜ౥ ( Ϸٔ ) ȞHzȟ

Ҧ

60

30

Κ

80

300

е

10

15000

Λ

70

1500

)!̍!* 2. ωཱིમӵ 50 ϴЏሉ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂσ໰ত໠ۖσ൅ਢȂωཱི᠙Ϛ‫ڗ‬ Ȃ‫ܚ‬оσ໰ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂོҢЙ൜՞ቝБσ൅Ȃ‫ٺ‬ωཱིၶৠܾ ᠙఼ཿт‫ܚ‬ᇳ‫ޟ‬ၗȂήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņσ໰ҢЙ൜՞ቝБσ൅Ȃωཱི૖᠙‫ڗ‬ᓜ౥‫؁‬ଽ‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬ Ňσ໰ҢЙ൜՞ቝБσ൅Ȃωཱི૖᠙‫؁לݰڗ‬ፒᚕ‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬ ňσ໰ҢЙ൜՞ቝБσ൅Ȃωཱི૖᠙‫ڗ‬ਏൽ‫؁‬ଽ‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬ ʼnσ໰ҢЙ൜՞ቝБσ൅Ȃωཱི૖᠙‫ޟפ؁ߝݰڗ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬ )!̍!* 3. ѡߒ࣏‫ڍ‬ᆍଢ଼‫ܚސ‬૖᠙َᖐॱ‫ޟ‬ᓜ౥ጒ൜Ȅӵު ଢ଼‫ ސ‬᠙ឈᓜ౥ጒ൜ȞHzȟ ੉ྣ࡙࣏ 15ʨȂᖐ‫ݰݰ‬ഀ࣏ 340 m ʝ s ‫ޟ‬ᕗცήȂ ‫ޔ‬ 15 ʂ 65000 षีю‫ ࣏ߝݰ‬1700 cmȂиॱ໔ٗஊσ‫ޟ‬ᖐ‫ݰ‬Ȃࠌ ‫ڊ‬υ

360 ʂ 42000

୤Ꭷߒϛ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂήӖԤᜰԪ‫ڍ‬ᆍଢ଼‫֏࢐ސ‬૖᠙ ‫ڗ‬Ԫᖐ‫ޟݰ‬ఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ശӫ౩ȉ ņ‫ڍ‬ᆍଢ଼‫ސ‬഍᠙ு‫ڗ‬Ԫᖐ‫ݰ‬ Ň‫ڍ‬ᆍଢ଼‫ސ‬഍᠙Ϛ‫ڗ‬Ԫᖐ‫ݰ‬ ňԪᖐ‫ޔݰ‬᠙ு‫ڗ‬ȂՄ‫ڊ‬υ᠙Ϛ‫ڗ‬ ʼnԪᖐ‫ڊݰ‬υ᠙ு‫ڗ‬ȂՄ‫ޔ‬᠙Ϛ‫ڗ‬ 3. CȄ340= fɰ1.7Ȃf=200HzȄ

)!̌!* 4. ω݂ӵ 25 ʨ‫ޟ‬ᕗცήȂᄭᔞҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬এϚӣ‫ॱޟ‬ξȂ [OO ౰ҡᖐ‫ݰ‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬ਏଢ଼՝ಋȞyȟᇄਢ໢Ȟtȟ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ԃѡ ყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ୅೩ყϛֲ኿ؐਿߒҰ‫ޟ‬൐՝ߝ࡙ࣺӣȂࠌ ήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ശᎌ࿋ȉ ņҦᖐ‫࡙៪ޟݰ‬ШΚσȂॱ፡ШΚճ

V

[OO

ŇҦᖐ‫࡙៪ޟݰ‬ШΚωȂॱ፡ШΚଽ ňҦᖐ‫࡙៪ޟݰ‬ШΚσȂॱ፡ШΚଽ ʼnҦᖐ‫࡙៪ޟݰ‬ШΚωȂॱ፡ШΚճ 4. ̌ȄҦਏൽၶωȂ‫ܚ‬о៪࡙ၶωȂΚ໊෈ၶσȂ‫ܚ‬оᓜ౥ၶωȂॱ፡ၶճȄ

22 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

঱

Ⴈ V

)!̎!* 5. ᓗХӵ੕७ΰ‫ޟ‬Ҧ಻ีюᖐ‫ݰ‬ଉဴȂଉဴӣਢҥު੉Ѕ ੕Ыо‫ޢ‬ጣ༈ኬՍӣኺᓗХӵ੕७ΰ‫ޟ‬Κ಻Ȃԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ ҰȂ‫ࣺ಻ڍ‬Ⴄ 800 mȄ୅೩࿋ਢฒॳȂи੕७ҁᓗȂӵު ੉ϛ‫ޟ‬ᖐഀ࣏ V0 Ȃӵ੕Ыϛ‫ޟ‬ᖐഀ࣏ 1600 m ʝ sȂषΚ ಻ӑࡣ௥ԝ‫ڗ‬ΰक़‫ڍ‬এᖐ‫ݰ‬ଉဴ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢৯ 1.5 ऌȂࠌ࿋ ਢު੉‫ޟ‬ᖐഀ V0 ࣏ӻЍ m ʝ s ȉ ņ 340 Ň 350 ň 380 ʼn 400

5. DȄ

800 800 ɶ 1.5 ʖ V0 ɶ 400Ȅ ɯ V0 1600

)!̌!* 6. ஠ՆԨຮߖӴ‫ݖ‬Ȃ૖‫఼؁‬ཿ‫ޟ‬᠙‫ڗ‬տΡӵႤᏩ‫ܘ‬໢ٖଢ଼‫ޟ‬ᖐॱȂ೻ߒҰϧቄȉ ņӴ‫ݖ‬ၶళȂΡՆོӰԪᡐுၶ᡹ః Ň‫ھ‬ᡝζџо༈ሎᖐॱȂՄиਝ‫ݎ‬Шު੉ԁ ňӴ‫ݖ‬ϛ‫ުޟ‬ሪџо࿋ԙӓቁ጑ ʼnӴ‫ݖ‬૖஠ᖐॱ໱ϛӵӣΙএПөȄ 6. BȄᖐॱ༈ሎ‫פ‬ᄚȈ‫ھ‬ᡝɵశᡝɵ੉ᡝȄ

)!̌!* 7. ዅቶȃዅᒊЅዅ़ϷտоϚӣ‫ޟ‬ଔ‫ݰ‬Ꮲ໌՗Ы‫ݰ‬౰ҡᄂᡛȂष‫ٺ‬ҢӣΙএ၆ ᅖЫ‫ޟ‬Ы‫ݰ‬ዀȂࠌέΡ‫ܚ‬ᇧഅю‫ޟ‬Ы‫ݰ‬դᆍ੫‫ࣺ҆ܒ‬ӣȉ ņᓜ౥ Ň‫ߝݰ‬ᇄ໊෈‫ޟ‬Ш঄ ň‫ߝݰ‬ ʼnЫ߆‫ޟ‬σω 7. BȄӣΙЫ‫ݰ‬ዀȂ‫ݰ‬ഀ V ࣺ҆ӣȂV ɶ fɰ͡ ɶ 1 ʟ T ɰ͡ ɶ ͡ T Ȃ࢈ŇғጂȄ

)!̋!* 8. ᐎৎϷտᄭᔞኵЛॱξȂ‫ڏ‬ᖐॱӵቈᏢΰᡗҰϞ‫לݰ‬Ϸտԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂᐗ໅Ȟt ȟߒҰਢ໢Ȃᖃ໅ȞyȟߒҰᖐ‫ݰ‬ਏଢ଼‫ޟ‬՝ಋȄषؐΙЛॱξีю‫ޟ‬ᖐॱ഍࢐ ൐Ιᓜ౥Ȃࠌ঺‫ٲ‬ყ‫ל‬џ૖‫پ‬ՌӣΙЛॱξȉ [ OO

঱

Ⴈ

V U

졲

졲

ࣼ

ᢅ [ OO

[ OO

V U

[ OO

V U

졲

V U

졲

ņҦȃΚ ŇҦȃе ňΚȃΛ ʼnеȃΛ 8. AȄҦΚ໊෈഍࢐ 0.01 ऌȂ‫ܚ‬о࢐ӣΙЛॱξȄ

಑Πണȁ‫ݰ‬ଢ଼ᇄᖐॱ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 23

಑

έ

ࣨ ж ‫ޟ‬ ӎᇄ᚟Փ

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ӎ‫ޟ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴ ᄂȁᡛ ആᜢ‫ޟ‬ԙ჋

१ᘈ

IJ

ӎ‫ޟ‬༈ኬᇄ‫ܒ‬፴

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃӎ‫ޟ‬༈ኬ

༈ኬ੫‫ܒ‬

ӵઍު‫֯ܖ‬Ϻϭ፴ϛо‫ޢ‬ጣࠉ໌‫ޟ‬ПԒ༈ኬȂᆎ࣏ӎጣȄ ࿋ӎႄ‫ڗ‬Ϛആ݂‫ސ‬ᡝਢȂฒ‫ݲ‬᝷៉ࠉ໌Ȃོӵ‫ސ‬ᡝࡣП‫ל‬ԙኇυȄ Ԥ‫ސٲ‬ᡝ૖Ռ՗ีӎȂ໌Σಁ࿘ՄೝَࣼȂᆎ࣏ӎྛ‫ีܖ‬ӎᡝȄ Ϛีӎ‫ސޟ‬ᡝџആႆІৢӎጣ໌Σಁ࿘ՄೝَࣼȄ

ӎӵઍުϛ༈ኬഀ౥࣏ 3ɰ108 mʝsȞؐऌ 30 ࿲ϴ٨ȟȂоȶcȷߒҰȄ ӎӵϭ፴ϛ༈ኬഀ౥ШၶȈ ༈ኬഀ࡙

ᄂ

‫ٽ‬

ϭ፴ ӎഀȞcȟ ӎഀȞkm ʝ sȟ

࣠ይ 0.67c 200000

Ы 0.75c 225000

ު੉ c <300000

ઍު c 300000

ኇυȃРТॵȃବЌԙ჋Ȅ

Πȃӎ‫ޟ‬Іৢᇄ‫ৢ׷‬

።

ਡ

Ϣ

ӎ‫໌ޢ‬༈ኬႄ‫ڗ‬ራᛤ‫ސ‬ਢȂོӵ ௥ញ७ΰีҡІৢ‫ޟ‬౪ຫȄ ࿋ӎІৢਢོᒳԈήӖ‫ڍ‬নࠌȂ Іৢ੫‫ܒ‬ ᆎ࣏ІৢۡࡡȈ

‫ޱ‬።

Ϣਡ‫ڎ‬ Ő

хਡ‫ڎ‬

х

ਡ

።

1. ΣৢጣȃІৢጣ‫ݲڷ‬ጣӵ ӣΙ ҁ७ΰȄ 2. Σৢُ้ܻІৢُȄ

хਡব

ӎ௃Ιᆍϭ፴ৢΣѪΙᆍϭ፴ ਢȂଶΟོีҡӎ‫ޟ‬Іৢ౪ຫϞ ѴȂ‫ڏ‬՗໌Пөζོีҡ୑‫׷‬Ȅ ‫ ৢ ׷‬੫ ‫ ܒ‬ӎ௃ު੉໌ΣЫϛਢོӣਢีҡ Іৢ‫ৢ׷ڷ‬Ȃ໌ΣЫϛ‫ޟ‬ӎጣᆎ ࣏‫ৢ׷‬ጣȂ‫ৢ׷‬ጣ‫ݲڷ‬ጣ‫ֶُޟ‬ ᆎ࣏‫ُৢ׷‬Ȅ

‫ޱ‬። хਡ።

Ϣਡ። х Ϣ ਡ ਡ ‫ڎ ڎ‬

ߩઈ Ѫ

Ő

‫ض‬ਡ።

‫ض‬ ਡ ‫ڎ‬

಑έണȁӎᇄ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 25

έȃӎ‫ܒޟ‬፴ၼҢ ᜢࡣ‫ޟ‬჋‫ߨٮ‬ҥᄂሬӎጣ ོᆹ‫ל‬ԙ‫ޟ‬Ȃᆎ࣏ຎ჋Ȅ

Ӏবᝡ

ҁ७ᜢ‫לܚ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬჋࣏ᇄন ‫ސ‬ᡝσω้ࣺȂѾѡࣺІ ҁ ७ ᜢ ‫ޟ‬ғҳຎ჋Ȅ ‫ސ‬ᡝᇄҁ७ᜢ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȞ‫ސ‬ ຽȟ้ܻຎ჋ᇄҁ७ᜢ‫ޟ‬ ຽᚔȞ჋ຽȟȄ

‫ޱ‬።

ߏ໼

ᄊ໼ ໍᄊ

ߏᢜ

ᇄэ७ᜢϛЖᘈ࠭‫ޟޢ‬ጣ ᆎ࣏к໅Ȅ ҁ՗к໅ৢΣᜢ७‫ޟ‬ӎ ጣȂІৢࡣᆹฐܻᜢȂࠉ ΙᘈȂԪᘈ࣏э७ᜢ‫ޟ‬ฐ э ७ ᜢ ᘈȂष஠ӎྛညܻэ७ᜢ ‫ޟ‬ฐᘈ೎Ȃࠌӎྛีю‫ޟ‬ ӎጣငэ७ᜢІৢࡣོҁ ՗к໅ৢюȂ೻ᆍ౪ຫᆎ ࣏ӎ‫ޟ‬џଛ‫ܒ‬Ȅ

‫ޱ‬። ѹ༄ ๏ᙇ

஠‫ސ‬ᡝညܻя७ᜢࠉȂџ௃ ᜢϛࣼ‫ڗ‬ᕻω‫ޟ‬჋ȂՄия ७ᜢོ஠ӎጣөѴඹ໠Ȃ‫ٺ‬ я ७ ᜢ џَࣼ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᡐσȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ ፲ൟُဣ‫ܖ‬ϴၯᙽ᠉೎லܹ ညя७ᜢȂоᘗσຜഏȄ

Ѳȃಁ࿘‫ڷ‬ಁᜢ ࣼߖ‫ސ‬

ࣼሉ‫ސ‬

Ыවᡝ፡฻ฐຽȂܻຜᆩጰΰԙ Ыවᡝ፡ߝฐຽȂܻຜᆩጰΰԙ ჋

჋ nj౧Ʉ

ғலಁ࿘

౦Ž

26 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

nj౧Ʉ

˷ȃ੾

౦Ž

˷ȃ੾

ᕤғࠉ

ᕤғࡣ

ߖຜಁ‫ޟ‬ԙ჋Ȃဣܻຜᆩጰࠉ

ߖຜᕤғ

ߖຜಁџ‫ڃ‬ᔜэആᜢᕤғຜΨ

ʓྤĀɎ

٣ચĀɎ

ሉຜಁ‫ޟ‬ԙ჋Ȃဣܻຜᆩጰࡣ

˥̌ĀˀɄ

ሉຜᕤғ

٣ચĀɎ

ሉຜಁџ‫ڃ‬ᔜяആᜢᕤғຜΨ

ʓྤĀɎ

˥̌ĀˀɄ

Ϥȃӎᇄ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽

ആ݂‫ސ‬ᡝ

Ϛ ആ ݂ ‫ސ‬ ᡝ

१

ᘈ

ҩՓӎ

औՓӎ

ᙢՓӎ

ᆦՓӎ

ฒՓ࣠ይા

ആҩӎ

ആऔӎ

ആᙢӎ

ആᆦӎ

औՓ࣠ይા

ആऔӎ

ആऔӎ

Ϛആӎ

Ϛആӎ

ᙢՓ࣠ይા

ആᙢӎ

Ϛആӎ

ആᙢӎ

Ϛആӎ

ᆦՓ࣠ይા

ആᆦӎ

Ϛആӎ

Ϛആӎ

ആᆦӎ

औՓӎ

ᙢՓӎ

ᆦՓӎ

ҩՓ‫ސ‬ᡝ

औ

ᙢ

ᆦ

औՓ‫ސ‬ᡝ

औ

༃

༃

ᙢՓ‫ސ‬ᡝ

༃

ᙢ

༃

ᆦՓ‫ސ‬ᡝ

༃

༃

ᆦ

၎Փӎྱৢആ݂‫ސ‬ᡝȂᡗҰ᚟Փ࣏‫ڏ‬Ꮇऎആ‫ޟ‬Փӎ‫ؚۡ‬Ȅ ၎ՓӎྱৢϚആ݂‫ސ‬ȂᡗҰ‫ސ‬ᡝ࣏‫ڏ‬ᎷІৢ‫ޟ‬Փӎ‫ؚۡ‬Ȅ

಑έണȁӎᇄ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 27

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃആᜢ‫ޟ‬ԙ჋ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

؏᡽Ι

ցҢЙႫํёા༫ํ‫ײ‬юяആ ᜢ ฐ ᘈȂ ໔ ю ฐ ຽȂ ஠ ആ ᜢ ࠉȃࡣІᙽȂӔกΙԩȄ

ࡩૃ

‫וٷ‬፡ᐌ៑ᕎᇄᜢ७‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȂ ؏᡽Π

؏᡽έ

፼ۛ࠵

ˀɄ

ಋଢ଼ાࡎȂ‫ײڗޢ‬юᕎฑശ఼ ཿ‫ޟ‬჋࣏ХȄ

ˀࡍ

Ɏࡍ

඲ԙϐ‫ޣ‬ฐຽ‫ޟ‬эആᜢȂ१ፒΰक़؏᡽Ȅ ആᜢᆍ᜸

яആᜢ

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

эആᜢ

28 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

៑ᕎ՝ည

૖֏ ԙ჋

჋‫ޟ‬՝ည

჋࢐ғҳ ᗙইҳ

჋‫ޟ‬σω

‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽѴ

૖

ϭܻ‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽ ᇄฐຽ໢

ইҳ

ᕻω

‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽΰ

૖

‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽΰ

ইҳ

้σ

ϭܻ‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽᇄฐ ຽ໢

૖

‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽѴ

ইҳ

ܹσ

ฐᘈᇄᜢ७Ϟ໢

֏

ӵᜢࠉᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝ ӣ୏

ғҳ

ܹσ

‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽѴ

֏

ᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝӣ୏

ғҳ

ᕻω

ϭܻ‫ॻڍ‬ฐຽᇄฐ ຽ໢

֏

ᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝӣ୏

ғҳ

ᕻω

ฐᘈᇄᜢ७Ϟ໢

֏

ᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝӣ୏

ғҳ

ᕻω

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̎!* 1. ԤѲ஻ყњϷտหԤѲএ୽ড়‫୽ޟ‬ᄯȂоҩӎྱৢყњਢȂ୽ᄯΰӨএഋϷ ‫ޟ‬᚟Փԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄषऔӎྱৢԪѲყњȂࠌശџ૖َࣼ঺‫ڍ‬এ୽ড়‫୽ޟ‬ᄯ᚟ Փ௶Ӗࣺӣȉ γɡ Ƀɡ γɡ িŞϙ

γɡ Ƀɡ ١ɡ

Ƀɡ ١ɡ γɡ ೖࠌ

ཫ࠸ٞ

ņ೉៌Ѕ༹Ӵց ň೉៌Ѕ߳ёց‫ٳ‬

Ƀɡ ‫܂‬ɡ γɡ ̝Ȁϙ‫ۆ‬

Ň༹ӴցЅ߼ᛳ඼ ʼn߼ᛳ඼Ѕ߳ёց‫ٳ‬

1. DȄ߼ᛳ඼Ѕ߳ёց‫୽ٳ‬ᄯषऔ ӎྱৢȂ഍֕౪औ༃औȄ

)!̋!* 2. Ι‫؂‬ӎጣৢюέُ‫࣠ޟל‬ይȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂϐ‫ৢޣ‬юӎ ጣၯ৷ȂࠌΣৢӎጣџ૖࣏դȉ ņҦ ŇΚ ňе ʼnΛ

ࣼ Ⴈ

ᢅ

‫ׯ‬ ś ʾ ϟ

঱

2. AȄӎጣৢΣ࣠ይਢ୑ө‫ݲ‬ጣȂ‫ݲݼ‬ጣৢю࣠ይਢϚ୑‫׷‬Ȅ C

)!̌!* 3. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӎጣҥყҰПөՌު੉ৢө࣠ይȂϐ‫ޣ‬Σৢ ӎ‫۽‬ժџႀ࣠ይ‫ُޟ‬ဣ c ᘈȄࠌӎጣᔖՌդ೎ৢю࣠ይȉ ņ a ୢ୿ ȁȁ Ň b ୢ୿ ň c ᘈ ȁȁȁʼnฒ‫ݲ‬ጂᇯ

E D

3. BȄ‫ < ُৢ׷‬ΣৢُȄ

)!̌!* 4. ᑼဤᇄϞவ‫ڍ‬Ρ٘ଽࣺӣȂ౪ᑼဤમӵऎ՘ᜢࠉ 1 ϴЏ೎ȂϞவમԂ٘ࡣ 50 cm ೎ȂषԪਢᑼဤӵᜢϛ‫ޟ‬჋ຽᚔᜢυ y1 ϴЏȂ჋ଽ h1 ϴЏȇϞவ‫ޟ‬჋ຽ ᜢυ y2 ϴЏȂ჋ଽ h2 ϴЏȂࠌоήդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ( Ҧ ) h1 ɴ h2ȇ( Κ ) h1 ɶ h2ȇ( е ) y1 ɴ y2ȇ( Λ ) y1 ɶ y2 ņҦΚ

ŇΚе

ňΚΛ

ʼnҦΛ

4. BȄ‫ڍ‬Ρ٘ଽ้ࣺȂӵᜢϛ‫ޟ‬჋ଽࣺ҆ӣ h1 ɶ h2Ȃ y1 ɴ y2Ȅ

)!̎!* 5. ѡყ࣏ӎጣІৢϞҰཎყȄMO ᇄ NO ‫ڍ‬ᜢ७ֶُ࣏ ͞Ȃ ԤΙӎጣৢө MO ᜢ७Ȃϐ‫ޣ‬಑ΙԩІৢਢІৢُ 50ÛȂ ಑ΠԩІৢਢІৢُ 75ÛȂࠌ ͞ ُ࣏ඁ࡙ȉ ņ 110Û

Ň 115Û

ň 120Û

5. DȄ͞ ɶ 180Û ɯ 40Û ɯ 15Û ɶ 125ÛȄ

0

뿡

ʼn 125Û /

)!̋!* 6. ԃѡყȂӵ‫ۇ‬ఏਢȂ(I) ω݂ӵ݂߫‫ࡉޟ‬ϱȂџҥဣӴๅ ࣠ይࣼ‫ڗ‬ՌϏȇ(II) ωछࠌџആႆ࣠ይࣼ‫ڗ‬ω݂ȂࠌԪΠ ᆍ౪ຫӨ࢐դᆍӎጣ‫ޟ‬౪ຫȉ ņ (I) ӎ‫ޟ‬Іৢȇ(II) ӎ‫ৢ׷ޟ‬ Ň (I) ӎ‫ৢ׷ޟ‬ȇ(II) ӎ‫ޟ‬Іৢ ň (I) ӎ‫ৢ׷ޟ‬ȇ(II) ӎ‫ৢ׷ޟ‬

1

Ň ſ

Ҕ Ş ර ඌ ‫ܢ‬

Ň dž

ʼn (I) ӎ‫ޟ‬Іৢȇ(II) ӎ‫ޟ‬Іৢ 6. AȄɞࡉϱ‫ޟ‬ӎྱ‫ڗ‬ω݂ࡣင࣠ይІৢ‫ڗ‬ω݂ಁ࿘Ȃɟࡉϱ‫ޟ‬ӎጣင࣠ይ‫ڗࡣৢ׷‬ႀωछಁϛȄ

಑έണȁӎᇄ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 29

)!̎!* 7. σωࣺߖ‫ޟ‬эആᜢᇄяആᜢӨΙ७Ȃӵ‫ڍ‬ᜢϞ໢‫ޟ‬ฐᘈ F2 १ӫȂࠌήӖӨყ ‫ܚ‬ᛲӎጣင‫ڍ‬ആᜢ‫ٖܚ‬Ϟၯ৷դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉȞF1ȃF2ȃF3 ࣏֯ฐᘈȟ ņ

Ň (

(

ň (

(

(

(

ʼn ŇIJ

Ňij

(

ŇĴ

(

(

)!̌!* 8. ୽छЙ਌ΙএആᜢȂညܻાғΰП 8 ϴϷ೎Ȃ๖‫֕ݎ‬౪ܹσᜢਝ‫ݎ‬Ȃࠌ၎ആ ᜢ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņฐຽωܻ 8 ϴϷ‫ޟ‬яആᜢ Ňฐຽσܻ 8 ϴϷ‫ޟ‬яആᜢ ňฐຽωܻ 8 ϴϷ‫ޟ‬эആᜢ ʼnฐຽσܻ 8 ϴϷ‫ޟ‬эആᜢ

8. BȄࣼ‫ܹڗ‬σᜢ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ސ‬ຽ 8 cm ɴฐຽȂӰԪ၎ᜢа࢐ฐᘈσܻ 8 cm ‫ޟ‬яആᜢȄ

)!̍!* 9. ΙႪৢีю‫ޟ‬џَӎȂӵު੉ϛҥΰөή೽ႆΙᄂЖ࣠ይ࢘Ȅၐ୰Ⴊৢӎ‫ޟ‬ џ૖ॗၬ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬Ȟ༃ᘈ࣏༫࢘ᄠ७‫ޟ‬༫Жȟȉ 9. CȄј৷൷࢐‫ݲ‬ጣȂ‫ݲݼ‬ጣৢΣ ņ

Ň

ň

Ϛ୑‫׷‬Ȅ

ʼn

)!̌!*10. ߆‫ڗލލڷې‬ଽ໰ጸԱዕᢎӎȂࣼ‫ڗ‬Ыϛ‫ޟ‬ധȂζࣼ‫ࢌڗ‬ऍሧӵ෹७‫ޟ‬ইኇȂ Ԃࣼ‫ޟڗ‬ധ‫ڷ‬ইኇӨ࢐դᆍኇ჋ȉ ņ഍࢐ᄂ჋ Ň഍࢐ຎ჋ ňധ࢐ຎ჋Ȃইኇ࢐ᄂ჋ 10. BȄധ჋ԃӣЫϛ‫ޟ‬࿼υȂ഍࢐ӎጣ‫໌ৢ׷‬Σಁϛ‫לܚ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬ ຎ჋ȇЫϛইኇԃӣҁ७ᜢ‫ޟَܚ‬჋Ȃζ࢐ຎ჋Ȅ ʼnധ࢐ᄂ჋Ȃইኇ࢐ຎ჋ )!̍!*11. ԤΙ‫ސ‬ᡝညܻяആᜢ‫ޟ‬ฐᘈѴи‫ސ‬ӵᜢа‫ޟ‬ғ‫ݍ‬ПȂ‫ڏ‬ ԙ჋๖‫ݎ‬ԃყȂࠌ‫ސ‬ᡝ PȃQȃR έএጐᓞ‫ޟ‬჋Ȃ঺Ιএ ‫ޟ‬჋࢐Ϛғጂ‫ޟ‬ȉ ŇQ

ňR

( ‫ޣ‬

‫ڽ‬ ɞ

3

4

ʼn PȃQȃR ഍࢐ғጂ‫ޟ‬

11. CȄ჋ᇄ‫ސ‬ШၶȈΰήȃѾѡȃ᜺ইȂ‫࣏ސ‬ө‫ޟݍ‬ጐᓞȂ჋ζ࢐ө‫ޟݍ‬ጐᓞȄ

30 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

(

2

Ī

ņP

4

3 Ę

2

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 12. ʂ 14. ᚠȈ ԃѡ‫ܚ‬ҰȂዅቶ‫ۇ‬ఏ‫ڗ‬ጸԱዕਠເ؏ȂߣߖԤཱིσዂғӵ᎛ ୵Ȃ࣏ΟЕΡ‫ݧ‬ཎȂ੫տӵዂഥ၆ညΟ஼Ψ௤ྱᐷϚᘞөЈ ު௭ৢȄ )!̎!*12. ௤ྱᐷџо஠ᐷӎҁ՗ৢю‫ޟ‬ন౩ȂоήӖդ‫ޱ‬ശಒӫȉ ņ

Ň

ň

ʼn

12. DȄ஠ӎྛညܻэ७ᜢฐᘈȂӎጣငІৢࡣџҁ՗ৢюȄ

)!̎!*13. ዅቶџоࣼ‫ޟڗ‬௤ৢᐷ‫ৢܚ‬ю‫ޟ‬ӎ‫؂‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬ন౩࣏դȉ ņዅቶಁ࿘‫ޟ‬ӎጣৢ‫ڗ‬ӎ‫؂‬ Ňӎ‫ޢ؂‬௥ৢΣዅቶಁ࿘ ňӎ‫ڗৢ؂‬Ы७ࡣІৢ໌՗ዅቶಁϛ ʼnӎ‫؂‬ೝԸშІৢࡣ໌Σዅቶಁϛ )!̍!*14. ࿋ӎ‫ڗྱ؂‬ዅቶᓞΰ‫ޟ‬໴ਢȂтζࣼ‫ڗ‬Ы७ζԤΙనၶུ‫ޟ‬ӎ‫؂‬Ȃ፜୰т࣏ դོࣼ‫ڗ‬ԪЫ७ΰ‫ޟ‬ӎ‫؂‬ȉ ņӎ‫ڗৢ؂‬Ы७Іৢ‫ڗ‬тಁ࿘ Ňӎҥ໴Іৢ‫ڗ‬Ы७ȂӔІৢ‫ڗ‬тಁϛ ňӎҥԸშІৢ‫ڗ‬Ы७ȂӔІৢ‫ڗ‬тಁϛ ʼnӎৢΣЫϛࡣȂӔҥዕ‫ۻ‬ІৢюЫ७ՄৢΣтಁϛ 14. CȄӎ࢐ᄇ๿໴ྱৢȂ࢈ņŇʼnࣱϚџ૖Ȅ

)!̋!*15. ஠ҁ՗ӎϷտΣৢԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰѲᆍቈᏢ‫ޟ‬ᜢаȂࠌӎጣऎആ঺‫ٲ‬ᜢаࡣԤีඹ ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬ȉ

Ҧȃэആᜢ Κȃяആᜢ ņҦȃе ŇҦȃΛ ňΚȃе

еȃߖຜಁᜢ ʼnΚȃΛ

Λȃሉຜಁᜢ

15. AȄߖຜಁ࢐эആᜢȂོีඹӎጣȄ

಑έണȁӎᇄ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬жࣨ 31

಑

Ѳ

Ӵ Ј ླྀ վ

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ྣ࡙ᇄШዥ १ᘈΠ ዥ‫ޟ‬༈ኬᇄኇ៪ ᄂȁᡛ ‫ސ‬፴‫ڧ‬ዥࡣྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ

१ᘈ

IJ

ྣ࡙ᇄШዥ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ก໔ᇄ඲ᆗ ۡ

ဎ

ྣ࡙ก໔

Рலҡࣀϛலཐ‫ںڗڧ‬ᎏ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬վዥแ࡙Ȅ ก໔ਢȂ஠ྣ࡙ॎᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝϣࣺ௥ញȂശࡣྣ࡙ႀΙमਢȂྣ࡙ॎ‫ܚ‬ᡗ Ұ‫࡙ޟ‬ኵ։࣏‫ސ‬ᡝ‫࡙ྣޟ‬Ȅ ྣ࡙ॎΰ‫ޟ‬൐՝‫࡙ړ‬Ȃᆎ࣏ྣ኿Ȅ லҢ‫ྣޟ‬኿ԤីЪྣ኿Ȟʨȟ‫ڷ‬๼Ъྣ኿Ȟʩȟ‫ڍ‬ᆍȄ

ីЪྣ኿ӵΙσ੉ᔆΨήȂॏЫ๖ӕਢ‫ ࣏࡙ྣޟ‬0ʨȂЫ‫ݴ‬អਢ‫ྣޟ‬ ࡙࣏ 100ʨȂ‫ڍ‬ᘈϞ໢֯Ϸ࣏ 100 ้ϷȂؐ 1 ้Ϸ࣏ 1ʨȄ ྣ኿඲ᆗ ๼Ъྣ኿ॏЫ๖ԙӕਢ‫ ࣏࡙ྣޟ‬32 ʩȂЫ‫ݴ‬អਢ‫ ࣏࡙ྣޟ‬212 ʩȂ ‫ڍ‬ᘈϞ໢֯Ϸ࣏ 180 ้ϷȂؐ 1 ้Ϸ࣏ 1 ʩȄ ីЪྣ኿ᇄ๼Ъྣ኿ᜰ߽ԃήȈ C–0 F–32 = Ȅ 100–0 212–32 Πȃዥ໔ᇄШዥ

ዥ

໔

૖໔ҥଽྣ೎༈‫ڗ‬ճྣ೎Ȃ೻ᆍ༈ኬ‫ޟ‬૖໔ᆎ࣏ዥ໔Ȅ ዥ໔லҢ‫ޟ‬൐՝࣏њၯ٨ȞcalorieȟȂᙏᆎњȞcalȟȄ ऋᏰΰ஠ 1 ϴպ‫ޟ‬ЫȂྣ࡙ΰЀ 1ʨ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔ۡဎ࣏ 1 њȄ‫ ٺ‬1 ϴ О‫ޟ‬Ыྣ࡙Ѐଽ 1ʨ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔࣏ 1000 њȂџߒҰ࣏ 1 їњȞkcalȟȂ άᆎ 1 σњȄ Ιϴպ‫ސ‬፴ΰЀ‫ܖ‬ή६ 1ʨȂ‫֜ܚ‬ԝ‫ܹܖ‬ю‫ޟ‬ዥ໔ȂᙏቸȞSȟȄ ࿋‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬፴໔࣏ M ϴպȂྣ࡙ΰЀ‫ܖ‬ή६ ͂TʨȂ‫֜ܚ‬ԝ‫ܹܖ‬ю‫ޟ‬ ዥ໔࣏ H њȂࠌ၎‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬ШዥȈ

Ш

ዥ

H S ɶ Mɰ͂T Ȟ൐՝࣏њʝϴպ ȆʨȟџߒҰ࣏ H ɶ MɰSɰ͂T Ȟዥ໔‫ޟ‬ᡐϽɶ፴໔ ɰ Шዥ ɰ ྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ໔ȟȄ

಑ѲണȁվླྀЈӴ 33

Ϛӣྣ࡙‫ސڍޟ‬፴ϣࣺ௥ញȂዥ໔‫ڎ‬Ԥ௃ଽྣ༈Սճྣ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬Ȃശ ࡣྣ࡙ΙमਢȂᆎ࣏ዥҁᒋ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ षฒዥ໔ඹѶȂࠌଽྣ‫ސ‬፴ܹю‫ޟ‬ዥ໔้ོܻճྣ‫ސ‬፴֜ԝ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔Ȅ षଽྣ‫ސ‬፴፴໔ M1ȃШዥ S1ȃྣ࡙ T1Ȃճྣ‫ސ‬፴፴໔ M1ȃШዥ S1ȃྣ࡙ T1Ȃዥҁᒋਢྣ࡙࣏ TȂࠌȈ H ܹɶ H ֜ȂM1ɰS1ɰȞT1 ɯ Tȟɶ M2ɰS2ɰȞT ɯ T2ȟ ѹ ʇ

ዥ ҁ ᒋ

ƬѹˀΘ

6

ɴːೠIJĀѹʇ

6 ӢѹˀΘ 6 Рɴːೠ

IJǍ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̍!* 1. ҦȃΚ‫ݔڍ‬Ϛӣྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ЫȂ౅ӫࡣႀ‫ڗ‬ዥҁᒋȞ։ႀ‫ࣺڗ‬ӣྣ࡙ȟȄӵႀ‫ڗ‬ ዥҁᒋ‫ޟ‬ႆแϛȂ୅೩Ҧ‫ݔ‬Ыܹю‫ޟ‬ዥ໔࣏ H ȂΚ‫ݔ‬Ы֜ԝ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔࣏ H Ȃ Ҧ

Κ

‫ف‬ಛඹѶ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔࣏ H Ȃи H ȃH ȃH ഍࢐ғ঄ȂࠌήӖᜰ߽դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ 1. CȄҦ‫ݔ‬Ыܹю‫ޟ‬ዥ໔ H ȂΙഋϷೝΚ ņH ɮH ɶH ŇH ɮH ɶH е

Ҧ

е

ňH ɮH ɶH Κ

е

Κ

Ҧ

Ҧ

Ҧ

ʼnH ɶH Ҧ

Κ

Κ

е

Ҧ

е

‫ݔ‬Ы֜ԝ (H Κ )ȂΙഋϷඹѶ (H е )Ȅ

Κ

)!̌!* 2. җஶᢎᄆ‫ڍ‬এ၆Ԥ 100g Ы‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬Ȃԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ࿋ ਢࡉྣ࣏ 25 ʨȂ๖‫ีݎ‬౪ϱᏩҦᇄѴᏩΚ࡞‫פ‬൷Ԥ ᜴‫ޟޑ‬ωЫੵю౪Ȃࠌ‫ڍ‬ᐶ‫ޟݔ‬Ыྣդ‫ޱ‬ശџ૖ȉ ᒵ໶ Ѿ᜞ᐶ‫ޟݔ‬Ыྣ (ʨ ) ѡ᜞ᐶ‫ޟݔ‬Ыྣ (ʨ )

34 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

(A) 0 95

(B) 95 0

(C) 4 25

(D) 25 4

2. BȄዥЫϱᏩᇄӕЫѴᏩ഍࡞‫פ‬ ൷Ԥ᜴‫ޟޑ‬ωЫੵю౪Ȅ

)!̍!* 3. ឹளԒҟ඼ᝥ‫ٺ‬Ң၆ԤశᄘΛ∢‫ޟ‬ҟ඼ᡬȂ࿋ҟ඼ᝥёዥॵ‫ސ‬ਢȂี౪ҟ඼ ᡬᡐӕվȂиᡬ٘Ѳ‫ߣں‬๿ԤశᅎȂήӖԤᜰԪ౪ຫ‫ޟ‬ఄक़Ȃդ‫ޱ‬ᒿᇲȉ ņΛ∢ᐽᐶ࣏ܹዥІᔖȂ‫ܚ‬оᐽᐶϚ࢐‫ٺ‬ҟ඼ᡬᡐӕվ‫ޟ‬নӰ Ňҟ඼ᡬᡐӕվ࢐Ӱ࣏ዥ໔ඹѶӵު੉ϛ ňశᄘΛ∢‫ء‬Ͻਢ֜ԝዥ໔Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ы੉ߣ๿ܻᡬΰ 3. CȄňҟ඼ᡬᡐӕվ࢐శᄘΛ∢‫ء‬ ʼnު੉ϛ‫ޟ‬Ы੉ܹዥϗᏗ๖ܻᡬΰ

ϽਢՌ១ᡬ֜ԝዥ໔Ȅ

)!̋!* 4. ஠ྣ࡙ 25ʨȃ፴໔้ࣺ‫ޟ‬ማ༵‫ڷ‬᎟༵ӣਢ‫׹‬Σࡻ៉‫ݴ‬អ‫ޟ‬ЫϛȂငႆΙࢲਢ ໢ࡣႀԙዥҁᒋȂ୅೩‫ؠ‬Ԥዥ໔‫ޟ‬ඹѶȂήӖყ‫ל‬դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉȞϐ‫ޣ‬ማ‫ޟ‬Ш ዥωܻ᎟ȟ ņ

ѹ ʇ 삸

Ňѹ ʇ

ᄶՀ

ᒘՀ

ňѹ ʇ 삸

삸

ᒘՀ

ᒘՀ

ᒘՀ

삸 ᄶՀ

ᄶՀ

ᄶՀ

ȀɴIJǍ Œ

ʼnѹ ʇ

ȀɴIJǍ Œ

ȀɴIJǍ Œ

ȀɴIJǍ Œ

4. AȄШዥωܾվܾዥȂ࢈ማ༵ၶ᎟༵ӑႀ 100ʨȄ

)!̍!* 5. ԃߣყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӵ๘ዥৠᏢϱܹည‫ڍ‬፴໔ࣺӣȂྣ࡙Ϸտ ࣏ 90ʨȃ30ʨ‫ݔڍ‬ЫȂࠌྣ࡙ᡐϽԢጣ࣏դȉ 삸

ņ ѹʇ

Ň ѹʇ

ň ѹʇ

ʼn ѹʇ

삵

삵

삵

삵

삵

삵

삵

삵

IJǍ

IJǍ

IJǍ

)!̋!* 6. ౪ԤҦȃΚȃеέএߜ឴ӵӣΙዥྛϛёዥȂϚॎዥ໔ ඹѶȂ๖‫ݎ‬Ȃԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࠌყ‫ל‬ϛ aȃbȃc ‫ܚ‬ᔖᄇ‫ޟ‬ ߜ឴‫וٷ‬դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ߜ឴ ፴໔Ȟgȟ ШዥȞcal/g-ʨȟ Ҧ M 2s Κ 2M 5s е 3M s ņҦȃеȃΚȁ ŇҦȃΚȃе ňΚȃеȃҦ ʼnеȃҦȃΚ

삸

IJǍ

ѹ ʇ

C

D E

IJǍ

6. AȄH ɶ MɰSɰ͂TȂࣺёዥਢ໢ȞHȟࣺӣਢȂ͂T Ȉa ɵ b ɵ cȂ ͂T ཕσȞMɰsȟϞ঄ཕωȂɶ 10 Msȃеɶ 3 Ms ΚɵеɵҦȂ‫ܚ‬ оȞaȂbȂcȟɶȞҦȃеȃΚȟȄ

಑ѲണȁվླྀЈӴ 35

१ᘈ

ij

ዥ‫ޟ‬༈ኬᇄኇ៪

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃዥ‫ޟ‬༈ኬ ۡ

ဎ

ዥ໔௃Ι೎༈ՍѪΙ೎‫ޟ‬౪ຫȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈࡐϱ၆೩‫੉ླྀޟ‬ᐠ֚юླྀॳࡣȂ џ‫ࡉٺ‬ϱྣ࡙ംᅚΰЀȄ

༈

Ᏺ

Ϛӣྣ࡙‫ސޟ‬ᡝ௥ញȂ஠ዥ௃ଽྣ೎༈‫ڗ‬ճྣ೎Ȃ࣏‫ھ‬ᄘ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬кौ ༈ዥПԒȂᓗХశᡝЅ੉ᡝζོ༈Ᏺዥ໔Ȃծഀ౥ၶᄚȄ

ᄇ

ࢺ

ዥငҥࢺᡝ‫ࢺޟ‬ଢ଼Ȃ௃ଽྣ༈‫ڗ‬ճྣȂᄇࢺ࣏శᡝᇄ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬кौ༈ዥ ПԒȄ

ᒭ

ৢ

Ϛ໸Ᏽᙤӈդϭ፴ζ૖໌՗ዥ‫ޟ‬༈ኬȄ ̘֠ šȸ

Ұ ཎ ყ

ሀ‫ׯ‬

Πȃዥᄇ‫ސ‬፴ᡝᑖ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ ዥ๬վᕻ

ΙૡՄِȂ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬ዥ๬վᕻᡐϽശ݂ᡗȂ‫ڏ‬ԩ࢐శᡝȂ‫ھ‬ᡝശωȂ σӻኵ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ഍‫ڎ‬Ԥዥ๬վᕻ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬Ȅ 4ʨоΰਢȂЫ‫ڎ‬Ԥዥ๬վζ๬‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬Ȃӵ 4ʨਢᡝᑖശωȄ ࿋ྣ࡙ҥ 4ʨ६Ս 0ʨਢȂЫ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖІՄᑷ๬Ȅ

Ы

36 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

έȃዥᄇ‫ސ‬፴‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ ࿋સ‫ސ‬፴‫ڧ‬ዥࡣȂџ૖ȶ‫ޑ‬ᄘᡐϽȷ‫ܖ‬ȶྣ࡙ᡐϽȷȂծϚ૖ӣਢ ีҡȄ ѹʇ

࿩Ž 삸

‫ڧ‬ዥኇ៪

‫͓ޱ‬ ᦶŽ 삸

ᦶ͓ ੰઃ ੰɄ դԪ

섐

섑

ઃɄ

ઃǬդԪ

섒

섓

ǬɄ IJǍ

ಅሖማවᡝɮዥ໔ʖฒЫಅሖማ઱ґɮЫ ಅ ֜Ыවᡝ ‫ڧ‬ዥᡐϽ

ሖ

ማ

ȁ ȞᙢՓȟȁȁȁȁȁ ȞҩՓȟ ฒЫಅሖማ઱ґɮЫʖ֤Ыಅሖማɮዥ໔ ȁ ȞҩՓȟȁȁȁȁȁ ȞᙢՓȟ

෩Ͻ‫ٳ‬႑වᡝɮዥ໔ʖฒЫ෩Ͻ‫ٳ‬႑වᡝɮЫ ȁ ȞᙢՓȟȁȁȁȁȁ ȞҩՓȟ ෩Ͻ‫ٳ‬႑ ฒЫ෩Ͻ‫ٳ‬႑වᡝɮЫʖ֤Ы෩Ͻ‫ٳ‬႑වᡝɮዥ໔ ȁ ȞҩՓȟȁȁȁȁȁ ȞᙢՓȟ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃ‫ސ‬፴‫ڧ‬ዥࡣྣ࡙‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

؏ ᡽ Ι

஠ 100 g ‫ޟ‬Ы၆Σᐶ‫ݔ‬ȂӔ‫װ‬ ྣ࡙ॎ᝚ӵЫϛȂᘈᐽନᆠᐷ ёዥȂ଄ᓃྣ࡙ᡐϽȄ

؏ ᡽ Π

Ұȁཎȁყ

஠ 100 g ‫ޟ‬Ҡ‫ݶ‬Ȃ၆ΣѪΙএ ᐶ ‫ݔ‬Ȃ Ӕ ‫ ࡙ ྣ װ‬ॎ ᝚ ӵ Ҡ ‫ݶ‬ ϛȂᘈᐽନᆠᐷёዥȂ଄ᓃྣ ࡙ᡐϽȄ

಑ѲണȁվླྀЈӴ 37

оࣺӣዥྛёዥȂёዥਢ໢ᇄ H ԙғШȂH ɶ MɰSɰ͂TȂS ɶ

H Mɰ͂T

ѹ ʇ I ऴЅ

삸

I nj

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

S Ҡ‫ݶ‬ȈS Ыɶ

4 4 Ȉ ɶ 2Ȉ3 ɶ 0.6Ȉ1ȂS Ҧɶ 0.6 cal/g-ʨȄ 100ɰ30 100ɰ20

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ԃѡყȂӵ੉ྣᡐϽቑ੨Ӵୢᑹ࡚១ၯȂശ‫࡙ྣܐ‬Ѐଽᡱ ១ॗᡐ‫ל‬Ȃϛ୽ߧᙠ១ၯ௴‫ڥ‬ήӖПԒႱ٩១ၯᡐ‫ל‬Ȃώ แৱӵ១ॗਠ፩ҳᐌ௶ଽघ 2m ‫ޟ‬ϛު១࢘Ȃ౏ৄΣӴή 5mȂ១࢘ϛៀԤశᄘੋȂ࢘ഥԤඹዥаȂ࿋ၯஅྣ࡙ΰЀ ਢȂశᄘੋ‫ڧ‬ዥࡣȁ ȁΰЀ‫࢘ڗ‬ഥȂആႆඹዥа஠ዥ໔ ༈Ᏺ๝ު੉ȂNH3 ҥԪվࠓȁ ȁȂᡐӱశᄘੋȂά‫ؖ‬Σ ࢘‫ۻ‬ȂആႆԪ၆ည։џ෵Ѝ១ॗ‫ڧ‬ዥᡐ‫ޟל‬ᐠོȄ፜୰ު ਿϛ‫ސޟ‬ᄘᡐϽӪᆎᔖ࣏դȉ ņ݇๼ȃᏗ‫ھ‬ȁȁ Ň‫ء‬ϽȃᏗ๖ȁȁ ň‫ء‬ϽȃᏗ‫ھ‬ȁȁ ʼnᏗ๖ȃ‫ء‬Ͻ

1. BȄశᄘੋ‫ڧ‬ዥࡣ ‫ء‬Ͻԙ NH3 ੉ᡝȂӔငඹዥվࠓ

38 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ꮧ๖ԙశᄘੋȄ

‫ݷ‬ɴǦ O

O

‫۾‬ཨ

)!̎!* 2. ωః‫ٺ‬ҢӣΙዥྛϷտᄇࣺӣ፴໔‫ޟ‬ЫЅୁँёዥ Ȃ‫ڏ‬๖‫ݎ‬ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ୅೩ዥྛᛧۡȂዥྛ‫ܚ‬ඪ‫ټ‬ Ϟዥ໔‫ׇ‬ӒҥЫЅୁँ֜ԝȂиዥ໔ඹѶџ‫܇‬౱Ȃ ࠌήӖ௰፣դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȔ ņୁँ‫ޟ‬ШዥσܻЫ‫ޟ‬Шዥ

ѹʇ 삸 ‫ٹ‬བྷ

nj

Ňёዥ 8 ϷមਢȂୁँ‫࡙ྣޟ‬ΰЀ 45ʨ ňёዥ 8 ϷមਢȂୁँ֜ԝ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔ШЫӻ ʼnषΰЀ‫ࣺ࡙ྣޟ‬ӣਢȞ഍Ґႀ‫ޑ‬ᄘᡐϽȟȂЫ‫ܚ‬ሯёዥਢ໢ၶӻ

Ȁɴ IJǍ Œ

2. DȄņୁँ‫ޟ‬ШዥωܻЫ‫ޟ‬ШዥȂŇ 45-20=25ʨȂňёዥਢ໢ࣺӣȂ‫֜ޱڍ‬ԝ‫ޟ‬ዥ໔ࣺӣȄ

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 3. ʂ 4. ᚠȈ ϐ‫ ޣ‬1 ϴպȃ0ʨ‫ޟ‬ӕ֜ԝ 80 њዥ໔ਢȂོᅧϽԙ 0ʨ‫ޟ‬ЫȂ षϚॎዥ໔ඹѶȂ౪Ԥ 1000 պȃ0ʨ‫ޟ‬ӕ༵ܹညܻ๘ዥৠᏢ

ȓՍ 삸nj

ϛȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ

)!̌!* 3. षইΣ 20 պȃ10ʨ‫ޟ‬ЫȂࠌശࡣ‫ޟ‬௑‫࣏ݷ‬դȉ ņইΣ‫ޟ‬ЫӒ๖ԙӕ ȁȁ ŇইΣ‫ޟ‬Ыᡐ 0ʨ‫ޟ‬ЫȂԤ‫ ٲ‬0ʨ‫ޟ‬ӕᅧϽԙ 0ʨ‫ޟ‬Ы ňӒഋӕ༵഍ᅧϽԙЫȁȁ ʼnইΣ‫ޟ‬ЫԤഋϷ๖ԙӕȂഋϷᆰࡻ 0ʨ‫ޟ‬Ы

3. BȄ10ʨᡐԙ 0ʨ֜ԝɶ 20ɰ1ɰ10 ɶ 200 њȇ0ʨ Ыʖ 0ʶӕ֜ԝ 80ɰ20 ɶ 1600 њȂष 1000 g ӕ ौӒᅧϽሯ 1000ɰ80 ɶ 80000 њȄ

)!̎!* 4. ശࡣᗙԤӕ༵ӻЍպȉ ņ0 Ň 922.5 ň 977.5 ʼn 997.5

4. DȄܹዥ࣏ 20ɰ10 ɶ 200Ȃ200ɱ80 ɶ 2.5Ȃӕ༵ 1000 ɯ 2.5 ɶ 997.5Ȅ

಑ѲണȁվླྀЈӴ 39

಑

Ϥ

ફ ༹ ‫ޟ‬ સ‫ސ‬፴

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ᇯᜋϯશᇄনυ ᄂȁᡛ ϽᏰ‫ܒ‬፴ࣺխ‫ޟ‬ ȁȁȁȁϯશᇄϷ᜸

40 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

१ᘈ

IJ

ᇯᜋϯશᇄনυ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃસ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬Ϸ᜸ સ ‫ ސ‬፴

૖‫ٺ‬ҢΙૡ‫ޟ‬ϽᏰІᔖџӔϷ၌‫ސޟ‬፴Ȃᆎ࣏Ͻӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ ฒ‫ݲ‬оΙૡ‫ޟ‬ϽᏰІᔖӔϷ၌ю‫ڏ‬т‫ސޟ‬፴Ȃᆎ࣏ϯશȄ

ϯ

Ҭࠉϐี౪‫ޟ‬ϯશघԤΙԻӻᆍȂϯશ࣏ಢԙ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬அҏԙϷȂ‫ڍ‬ᆍ ‫؁ܖ‬ӻᆍϯશџ๖ӫԙϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ

શ

ӨϯશҥΙۡ‫ޟ‬Ш‫ٽ‬ಢԙϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȃ‫ސ‬౩‫ڷ‬ϽᏰ‫ܒ‬፴഍ᇄಢԙϽӫ‫ސ‬ Ͻ ӫ ‫ސ‬

‫ޟ‬ϯશϚӣȄ ϯશ‫ޟ‬ᆍ᜸Ԥ३Ȃծ࢐‫ܚ‬ಢԙϽӫ‫ޟސ‬ኵҬࠓࣺ࿋ӻȂҬࠉϐԤኵ Ի࿲ᆍȄ

Πȃߜ឴ᇄߨߜ឴ϯશ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬ ϯશᆍ᜸

੊Ͻ‫ܻྙސ‬Ы ‫ޟ‬ሖᢃ‫ܒ‬

ࣺᄇ‫ܒޟ‬፴

џᏲႫиᏲዥ‫ٹܒ‬Ȅ ‫ڎ‬Ԥ‫۽‬৤‫ߜڷܒ‬឴ӎᐩȄ ᚟Փଶߜ࣏༁ՓȂማ࣏औՓѴȂσഋϷߜ឴഍࢐ ߜ឴ϯશ ሚԸՓȄ ߜ឴ϯશ‫ޟ‬ᅧᘈ‫ݴڷ‬ᘈଽȂଶΟؒȞ୲Ιశᄘ‫ޟ‬ ߜ឴ȟϞѴȂӵலྣȞ25ʨȟਢ഍࢐‫ھ‬ᄘȄ ଶүᏎџᏲႫѴȂ‫ڏ‬ᎷᏲႫᇄᏲዥ‫ܒ‬Ϛ‫ٹ‬Ȅ ߨ ߜ ឴ Ϛ‫۽ڎ‬৤‫ܒ‬ȂζϚ‫ڎ‬ӎᐩȂৠܾೝᄭ࿥ȃ‫׷‬ᘞȄ ϯ

શ ᚟Փȃᅧᘈ‫ݴڷ‬ᘈӨϯશ৯౴࡞σȂலྣਢȂӨ Ռо‫ھ‬ᄘȃశᄘ‫੉ܖ‬ᄘԆӵȄ

֕ᢃ‫ܒ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬үᑼ ၐા֕ᙢՓȄ

֕ሖ‫ܒ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬үᑼ ၐા֕औՓȄ

಑Ϥണȁસ‫ސ‬፴‫༹ޟ‬ફ 41

έȃনυᇳȃনυ๖ᄺᇄনυߒҰ‫ݲ‬ Ιϸ‫ސ‬፴֯ҥཌωಖυಢԙȂಖυϚ૖ӔೝϷസȄ ࣺӣϯશ‫ޟ‬নυԤࣺӣ‫ޟ‬፴໔‫ܒڷ‬፴ȂϚӣϯશ‫ޟ‬নυȂ‫ڏ‬፴໔‫ڷ‬ ၾՆႳ‫ޟ‬ ‫ܒ‬፴ӨϚࣺӣȂծ૖о੫ۡШ‫ٽ‬๖ӫԙϚӣ‫ޟ‬Ͻӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ ন υ ᇳ ϽᏰІᔖ࢐নυ‫ޟ‬१ཱི௶Ӗ๖ӫȂ‫ל‬ԙѪΙཱི‫ސ‬፴ȂႆแϛȂনυ ᆍ᜸ȃኵҬᇄ፴໔഍Ϛོ‫׽‬ᡐȂনυϚོੑѶȂζϚོ౰ҡཱིনυȄ নυҥႫυȃ፴υ‫ڷ‬ϛυέᆍкौಖυ‫ܚ‬ᄺԙȈ 1. ፴υ‫ڷ‬ϛυᄺԙনυਯȂ՝ۨনυϛЖȄ 2. Ⴋυ‫פ‬ഀᙓ՗নυਯȂࣀଢ଼ጒ൜։࢐নυ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖȄ ΙএনυϛளғႫ‫ޟ‬፴υᇄள॒Ⴋ‫ޟ‬Ⴋυ‫ܚ‬ள‫ޟ‬Ⴋ໔้ࣺȂএኵζ ้ࣺȂ‫ٺ‬ுনυ֕Ⴋϛ‫ܒ‬Ȅ নυ๖ᄺ Ⴋυ፴໔࡞ሆȂ௥ߖ፴υ፴໔‫ ޟ‬1 ʝ 1836ȂՄϛυ‫ޟ‬፴໔ᇄ፴υघ౱ ้ࣺȂনυ‫ޟ‬፴໔ඁн഍໱ϛӵনυਯȂӰԪনυ‫ޟ‬፴υኵᇄϛυ ኵᖂ‫ڷ‬ᆎ࣏፴໔ኵȄ নυਯ፴໔ᗶσȂծᡝᑖྃωȂј৷ѫԤনυј৷‫ޟ‬Ϊ࿲ϷϞΙȄ

ন υ ߒ Ұ ‫ݲ‬

ӣΙᆍϯશ‫ޟ‬নυȂ‫ڏ‬নυਯϱ‫ޟ‬፴υኵࣺӣȂϯશϚӣȂ፴υኵ ൷ϚӣȄ оAZ X ‫ޟ‬ಒဴ‫پ‬኿Ұনυᆍ᜸Ȃ‫ڏ‬ϛ X фߒϯશಒဴȂA фߒ፴໔ኵȂ Z фߒনυ‫ו‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ : ੌনυԤ 2 এ፴υȃ2 এϛυᇄ 2 এႫυȂо 4 2 He ߒҰȄ ӣ՝શȈ፴υኵࣺӣȂծ࢐ϛυኵϚӣ‫ޟ‬নυȂϽᏰ‫ܒ‬፴ࣺӣȂ‫ސ‬ ౩‫ܒ‬፴ϚӣȄ

ʅŔ

Ұ ཎ ყ

42 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

4 2

He

ΘŔ ġŔ Θʔ

= ǖŔ =2 = ΘŔ

=2 + ġŔ

=4

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ ΙȃϽᏰ‫ܒ‬፴ࣺխ‫ޟ‬ϯશᇄϷ᜸ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

؏ ᡽ Ι

ҢᢛυՌᝪ‫ݶސ‬ϛ‫ڥ‬ю໘Ȃܹӵ࣠ይ аΰȄоωΦϸ໠໘Ȃᢎᄆཱིϸ७ࡣȄ

؏ ᡽ Π

оωΦϸюԽಖσω‫ޟ‬໘ಖȂ‫׹‬Σᐶ ‫ݔ‬Ȃ஠࣠ይаᇐΰȂᢎᄆ໘ಖ‫ڷ‬Ы‫ޟ‬ ІᔖȄ

؏ ᡽ έ

ӵᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛё 2 ʂ 3 ᅎ⍇٦ЊȂᢎᄆᐶ‫ݔ‬ Ыྙశ᚟ՓᡐϽȄ

؏ ᡽ Ѳ

஠໘඲࣏႕Ȃ१ፒ؏᡽Ι‫ڗ‬έȂШၶ໘‫ڷ‬႕ᇄЫІᔖ‫ޟ‬แ࡙Ȅ ‫ޱڍ‬Ыྙశࣱџ‫ٺ‬⍇٦ЊҥฒՓᡐԙऔՓȂ֕ᢃ‫ܒ‬Ȅ

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

໘ᇄ႕഍૖ਗ਼ӵЫ७ᇄЫІᔖ౰ҡ੉ᡝȂծ႕Іᔖਢၶቑ੨Ȃ‫ڏ‬Ͻ Ᏸ‫ܒ‬፴ࣺխȂӰԪџо஠໘ᇄ႕ᘪ࣏Ι᜸Ȅ ᄂሬΰӵϷ᜸‫؁‬ӻ‫ޟ‬ϯશਢȂ໸‫ᝒ؁‬ᙱӴШၶϯશ‫ޟ‬Өᆍ‫ܒ‬፴Ȅ

಑Ϥണȁસ‫ސ‬፴‫༹ޟ‬ફ 43

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̍!* 1. ԤϤ᜸নυȂ‫ڏ‬፴υኵȃϛυኵԃѡߒ ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ঺ΙಢনυϚ឴ܻӣΙᆍϯશȉ ņҦ‫ڷ‬Κ 1. CȄňе‫ڷ‬Λ፴υኵϚӣȄ ŇΚ‫ڷ‬е ňе‫ڷ‬Λȁȁ ʼnΛ‫҇ڷ‬

নυᆍ᜸ Ҧ Κ е Λ ҇

፴υኵ 6 6 6 7 7

ϛυ 6 7 8 7 8

2. CȄеΛ፴໔ኵȞ፴υኵ + ϛυ )!̍!* 2. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂনυ፴໔σωШၶήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ኵȟࣺӣȄ ņҦ = Κ ŇΚ = е ňе = Λ ʼnΛ = ҇ȁȁ

)!̎!* 3. ϐ‫ ޣ‬8g ‫ޟ‬ҦϽӫ‫࡬ސ‬џᇄ 3 g ‫ޟ‬ΚϽӫ‫ׇސ‬ӒІᔖȂҡԙ 11 g ‫ޟ‬еϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ ष‫ ڥ‬12 g ‫ޟ‬ҦϽӫ‫ ڷސ‬5 g ‫ޟ‬ΚϽӫ‫໌ސ‬՗ІᔖȂࠌήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņІᔖਢȂ5 g ‫ޟ‬ΚϽӫ‫ސ‬তԁҢ‫ׇ‬ ŇІᔖ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂҡԙ 15 g ‫ޟ‬еϽӫ‫ސ‬ 3. DȄ8:12=3:XȂX=4.5 Іᔖ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂ ňІᔖ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂᗙ഻ή 2 g ‫ޟ‬ҦϽӫ‫ސ‬ ᗙ഻ή 5-4.5=0.5 g ‫ޟ‬ΚϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȃҡԙ ʼnІᔖ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂᗙ഻ή 0.5 g ‫ޟ‬ΚϽӫ‫ސ‬ 12+5-0.5=14.5g еϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ )!̋!* 4. Ⴋϛ‫੊ޟܒ‬নυȞ 168 Oȟ‫ל‬ԙ੊ᚔυȞO2-ȟȂࠌ 1 এ੊ᚔυ‫ޟ‬፴υኵȃϛυኵ ᇄႫυኵέ‫ޟޱ‬ኵ঄σωШၶᜰ߽Ȃդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņႫυኵɵϛυኵɶ፴υኵ ŇϛυኵɵႫυኵɶ፴υኵ ň፴υኵɶϛυኵɵႫυኵ ʼn፴υኵɶႫυኵɵϛυኵ 4. AȄϛυኵ =16-8=8ȂႫυኵ =8+2=10Ȃ፴υኵ =8Ȅ

)!̌!* 5. ԃყӖюѲ՝ऋᏰড়‫ܚ‬ඪю‫ޟ‬Ᏸᇳ‫ีܖ‬౪Ȃ‫ྱٷٮ‬ԑф໷‫௶ו‬ӖȂ‫ٮ‬офဴ ҦʂΛ‫ߒپ‬Ұಖυ‫ܖ‬๖ᄺ‫ޟ‬ӪᆎȂᜰܻҦʂΛ‫ޟ‬ӪᆎȂ‫וٷ‬ᔖ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ‫ސ‬፴࢐ҥϚ џӔϷസ‫ޟ‬ ȶҦȷ‫ܚ‬ಢ ԙ

ี౪ȶҦȷ ี౪ȶҦȷσഋϷ࢐ު‫ޟ‬Ȃ ϱ֤ԤளԤ ፴໔໱ϛӵϛЖȂԪϛЖᆎ Ⴋ೉‫ޟ‬ȶΚȷ ࣏ȶеȷȂϞࡣӔ໌Ι؏ี ౪ȶеȷϱԤளԤႫ೉‫ޟ‬ȶΛȷ

ၾՆႳ

෽‫ිۓ‬

ņনυਯȃႫυȃনυȃ፴υ ňনυȃ፴υȃনυਯȃႫυ

44 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

‫ܜ‬༬ᆋ

ี౪ȶеȷϛԤ Ιᆍ፴໔ᇄȶΛȷ ௥ߖ‫ޟ‬ಖυȂᆎ ࣏ϛυ

ࢥչպ

ŇনυȃႫυȃনυਯȃ፴υ ʼnনυਯȃ፴υȃႫυȃনυ

)!̍!* 6. ӵலᔆήȂߡࠒᄇ࢚‫ސ‬፴໌՗ᄂᡛȂᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬ԃߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȂҥԪᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬џо ‫ڗ‬ήӖ঺Ι໶௰፣ȉ ᄂᡛ໶Ҭ ก໔ᅧᘈЅ‫ݴ‬ᘈ ӵު੉ϛᘈЬၐᡛ

๖ȁ‫ݎ‬ ᅧᘈ 45.5 ʨЅ‫ݴ‬ᘈ 125.1 ʨ ଔЬᐽᐶȂ౰‫࣏ސ‬Π੊ϽᆇЅЫ

ņ၎‫ސ‬፴࣏ߜ឴ϯશ Ň၎‫ސ‬፴࣏ߨߜ឴ϯશ ň၎‫ސ‬፴ӵலྣலᔆή࣏‫ھ‬ᄘȁȁ ʼn၎‫ސ‬፴֤Ԥᆇনυȃ੊নυ‫ڷ‬ఱনυ

6. CȄҥᐽᐶᄂᡛџ‫ޣ‬၎‫ސ‬፴࣏Ͻӫ‫ސ‬Ȃᅧᘈ 45.5 ʨȂ‫ܚ‬оӵலྣலᔆή࣏‫ھ‬ᄘȄϚጂۡ ֤Ԥ੊ϯશȄ

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 7. ʂ 8. ᚠ σড়഍‫ޣ‬ၾ႗๋Ϛ֤႗ȂՄ࢐֤ȶ༃႗ȷȂ։үᏎȂծӰ࣏үᏎЊ೺ΟȂ‫ܚ‬ о఺ёᘇπ‫پ‬ቨё๋߉฽࡙ȂծӰᘇπ᚟Փ࡞షȂ‫ܚ‬о֤ᘇπཕӻ‫߉๋ޟ‬ཕ ฽Ȃծቸю‫ޟ‬ԅζཕషȂғ‫ܚ‬ᒝധᇄᅪඡȂϚџঙுζȄҥ႗๋٘ΰ‫ޟ‬фጆ џࣼю๋߉ԙϷȈȶBȷфߒ༃ȞblackȟȂȶHȷфߒ฽ȞhardȟȂኵԅཕσ фߒ‫ܒ‬፴ཕ݂ᡗȄ )!̌!*7. ӣσω‫ޟ‬ѲЛ႗๋Ȃ๋٘фጆԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂУ؅ഋϷ഍ ࣺӣȂ‫ڏ‬஝࡙σωШၶᔖ࣏դȉȞϐ‫߉๋ޣ‬ϛ‫ސޟ‬፴஝ ࡙ཕσ‫ޱ‬ཕ฽ȟ ņΚɵҦɵΛɵе ŇΛɵеɵΚɵҦ ňΛɶеɶҦɶΚ ʼnΛɵҦɵеɵΚ

঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ

ࣼ

$

$

*

*

7. BȄH ཕσȂ஝࡙ཕσȞΛɵеȟȇB ཕσȂ஝࡙ཕωȞΚɵҦȟȄ

)!̋!*8. ष஠๋߉ܹညܻѡყП਱ϛȂϐ‫ޣ‬ᐷ‫ࣱݾ‬૖ғலีӎȂ ࠌդ‫ޱ‬џ‫ٺ‬ᐷ‫ݾ‬ശ߫ȉ ņҦ ŇΚ ňе ʼnΛ 8. AȄҦүᏎ֤໔ശӻȂᏲႫ‫ܒ‬ശ‫ٹ‬Ȃᐷ‫ݾ‬ശ߫Ȅ

಑Ϥണȁસ‫ސ‬፴‫༹ޟ‬ફ 45

಑

ϲ ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ᄂȁᡛ ġ १ᘈΠ ᄂȁᡛ

ġᇯᜋϽᏰІᔖ ġϽᏰІᔖࠉࡣ‫ޟ‬፴ ໔ᜰ߽ ġᇯᜋ੊Ͻᗙন ġྣ࡙ኇ៪Іᔖഀ౥

ᇄ ᔖ І ϽᏰ ন ᗙ Ͻ ੊

१ᘈ

IJ

ᇯᜋϽᏰІᔖ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃᇯᜋϽᏰІᔖ ‫ސٺ‬፴‫ޟ‬ҏ፴ีҡ‫׽‬ᡐȂҡԙཱི‫ސ‬፴ȂႆแϛོբᓍϚӣ‫ל‬Ԓ૖໔ ۡ

ဎ

‫ᙽޟ‬඲Ȅ ໸֜ԝ૖໔‫ޟ‬ϽᏰІᔖᆎ࣏֜ዥІᔖȄ ོܹю૖໔‫ޟ‬ϽᏰІᔖᆎ࣏ܹዥІᔖȄ ϽᏰІᔖਢȂϚӣ‫ސ‬፴ಖυӰ‫܄‬Ԫ࿦ኡՄ१ཱིಢӫȂ౰ҡཱི‫ސ‬፴Ȃ

፴໔Ԉ࡯

ᗶ౰ҡཱི‫ސ‬፴ȂծІᔖࠉࡣ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔‫ؠٮ‬Ԥ‫׽‬ᡐȂᖂ፴໔Ϛᡐ ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃᆎ࣏፴໔Ԉ࡯ۡࡡȄ ӵϽᏰІᔖԒϛȂ҆໸‫ٺ‬Іᔖ‫ސ‬ᇄҡԙ‫ސ‬নυኵ໔ࣺӣϗོಒӫ፴ ໔Ԉ࡯Ȅ

Πȃনυ໔ȃϷυ໔ᇄೃՆ ন υ ໔

নυȃϷυ࢐ྃω‫ޟ‬ಖυȂѺঈζ‫ڎ‬Ԥ፴໔ȂћԤު໢Ȃооᆇϯશ Ȟ12 Cȟϯશনυ፴໔‫ޟ‬Шၶኵ঄‫پ‬ॏюনυ໔Ȅ

Ϸυ໔џҥϷυϛ‫֤ܚ‬নυ‫ޟ‬ᆍ᜸ȃኵҬЅনυ໔ॎᆗՄுȂоΙএ Ϸ υ ໔ ЫϷυ࣏‫ٽ‬Ȃ֤Ԥ‫ڍ‬এఱনυ‫ڷ‬Ιএ੊নυȂఱ‫ޟ‬নυ໔࣏ 1Ȃ੊‫ޟ‬ নυ໔࣏ 16ȂӰԪЫȞH2Oȟ‫ޟ‬Ϸυ໔࣏ 1ɰ2 ɮ 16ɰ1 ɶ 18Ȅ РலҡࣀϛȂौॎᆗԽಖ೻ᆍᡝᑖ࡞ωȂծኵ໔࡞ӻ‫ސޟ‬፴Ȃо ȶಖȷ࣏൐՝‫ٮ‬ϚП߯ȂӰԪலоȶѓȷ࣏൐՝‫ܖ‬Ң፴໔ȶϴОȷ ‫پ‬ॎ໔ȂনυᇄϷυШԽಖ‫؁‬ཌωȂࠌۡဎȶೃՆȞmoleȟȷП߯ ೃ

Ն

ॎ໔Ȅ о፴໔ኵ࣏ 12 ‫ޟ‬ᆇনυȞ12Cȟ࣏኿ྥȂ஠ 12 ϴպᆇ -12 ‫ޟ֤ܚ‬ন υኵҬۡဎ࣏ 1 ೃՆȂ1 ೃՆ੊নυȞনυ໔࣏ 16ȟ‫ޟ‬፴໔࣏ 16 ϴ պȂ1 ೃՆ១নυȞনυ໔࣏ 56ȟ‫ޟ‬፴໔࣏ 56 ϴպȂΙೃՆસ‫ސ‬፴ ‫ޟ‬፴໔࡬ԁ࣏‫ڏ‬নυ໔Ȟ‫ܖ‬Ϸυ໔ȟ‫ޟ‬σωȄ

ᜰ ߽ Ԓ ೃՆኵɶ

፴໔ Ȃ፴໔ɶೃՆኵ ɰ নυ໔Ȟ‫ܖ‬Ϸυ໔ȟȄ নυ໔Ȟ‫ܖ‬Ϸυ໔ȟ

ϽᏰІᔖ ցҢϽᏰॎ໔ПԒџо௰ᆗюϽᏰІᔖϛџ૖౰ҡ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬፴໔Ȃ‫ܖ‬ҥ ‫ ޟ‬ॎ ໔ ౰‫ޟސ‬๖‫ݎ‬௰፣୤ᇄІᔖ‫ޟ‬Іᔖ‫ڏސ‬নυᆍ᜸ᇄএኵȄ

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন 47

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ ΙȃϽᏰІᔖࠉࡣ፴໔ᜰ߽ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ ᡽ Ι

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

‫ ڥ‬20 mL ‫ޟ‬ᆇሖ໘ྙశȂইΣ᝘੫౭ ϱȂ‫ڥ‬ΙЛϱ၆ 5mL ෩Ͻ໗ྙశၐᆓ ܹΣ᝘੫౭ϱȂ஠౭ᇐᙽᆧȂก໔၆ ည‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔Ȅ

؏ ᡽ Π

‫ڥ‬ή᝘੫౭Ȃ஠᝘੫౭༊ఇইҳȂ‫ٺ‬ ౭ϱ‫ڍ‬ᆍྙశ౅ӫȄІᔖࡣȂ஠᝘੫ ౭ܹӱЈҁѾዺȂก໔၆ည‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔Ȅ

؏ ᡽ έ

ఋ໠౭ᇐࠉ‫ڷ‬ఋ໠౭ᇐࡣϷտҢЙᔆ ౭٘ȂШၶࠉࡣ৯౴ȄӔ஠౭ᇐఇܹ ܻ᝘੫౭ΰȞ‫ܻܹܖ‬થዺȟȄ

ЈҁӵІᔖࡣࡾବ՝ညҐ‫׽‬ᡐȂфߒІᔖࠉࡣ‫ސ‬፴‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔ϚᡐȄ ᄂᡛ๖‫ ݎ‬ϽᏰІᔖีҡਢȂԤ౰ҡཱི‫ސ‬፴ȂծІᔖࠉࡣ‫ސ‬፴ᖂ፴໔ϚᡐȄ ೻ᆍІᔖࠉࡣᖂ፴໔Ϛᡐ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃᆎ࣏፴໔Ԉ࡯ۡࡡȄ

48 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ӵӣྣӣᔆήȂϚӣ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖШ൷้ܻϷυኵШȂ౪ ԤҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ৠᏢȂԃѡყȂ‫ڏ‬ϛ੉ᡝ‫࡙ྣޟ‬ЅᔆΨࣱࣺ ӣȂи၇७‫੉ޟ‬ᡝϷտ࣏ NH3 Ѕ CO2ȞϷυ໔ NH3 ɶ 17ȂCO2 ɶ 44ȟȂϐ‫ޣ‬ΚৠᏢᡝᑖ࢐Ҧ‫ ޟ‬2 ॻȂࠌᜰܻ ҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ৠᏢϛ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬ШၶήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ

঱

Ⴈ

0*

%1

ņ੉ᡝϷυኵШɶ 17Ȉ44ȁȁ ŇনυኵШɶ 2Ȉ3 ň፴໔Шɶ 1Ȉ2ȁȁ 1. BȄņϷυኵШɶ 1Ȉ2ȇŇনυኵШɶ 1ɰ4Ȉ2ɰ3 ɶ 2Ȉ3ȇň፴ ʼn፴໔Шɶ 17Ȉ44

໔Шɶ 1ɰ17Ȉ2ɰ44 ɶ 17Ȉ88Ȅ

)!̋!* 2. ᗢᇄಅሖІᔖҡఱ੉ȞϽᏰІᔖԒ࣏ȈᗢɮಅሖʖಅሖᗢɮఱȟȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂᡛኵ ᐃԃήߒȂၐ୰಑ 5 ဴၐᆓϛȂԤӻЍএᗢনυ୤ᇄІᔖȉȞনυ໔ȈMg 2. AȄҥ 2ȃ4 ၐᆓ ɶ 24ȟ ԩኵ ᗢȞgȟ ಅሖȞmLȟ ಅሖᗢȞgȟ

1 1.0 40 5.0

2 2.0 40 10.0

3 3.0 40 15.0

4 4.0 40 20.0

џ‫ޣ‬Ȃ40 mL ಅሖ

5 5.0 40 20.0

џҢ௬ 4 պ Mg ‫ܚ‬ о 5 ဴၐᆓζѫҢ 4 ௬ 4 պ MgȂ 24 23 23 ɰ6ɰ10 ɶ 1ɰ10

23 24 24 24 ņ 1ɰ10 ȁȁ Ň 1.6ɰ10 ȁȁň 1.8ɰ10 ȁȁʼn 2.4ɰ10

এনυȄ

)!̍!* 3. ଩ ᇧ 0.5 M ‫ ޟ‬ఱ ੊ Ͻ ໘ ྙ శ 200 mLȂ ғ ጂ П ‫ ࣏ ݲ‬դȉȞ Ϸ υ ໔ NaOH ɶ 40ȟ 200 ņ‫ ڥ‬0.1 ೃՆఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙܻ 200 mL ‫ޟ‬Ы 3. CȄNaOH ೃՆኵɶ 0.5 Mɰ Ѐɶ 0.1 ೃՆȂ0.1ɰ40 ɶ 4 պȄ Ň‫ ڥ‬0.5 ೃՆఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙܻ 1L ‫ޟ‬Ы ň‫ ڥ‬4 պఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙܻЍ೨‫ޟ‬ЫࡣȂӔёЫՍ 200 mLȁȁ ʼn‫ ڥ‬4 պఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙܻЍ೨‫ޟ‬ЫࡣȂӔёΣ 200 mL Ы

)!̌!* 4. ωࢧ‫ڥ‬Ιᓅ‫ל‬౭၆ညЅྙశԃѡყ (a)Ȃ஠౭οҢ೺У༬ ༬ᆧ‫ྙٺ‬శϚོᅓюȂӔ஠ᓅ‫ל‬౭ইᙽ‫ڍٺ‬ᆍྙశшϷ ౅ӫѡყ (b)ȄήӖԤᜰԪᄂᡛ‫ޟ‬ఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ౅ӫࡣశᡐ࣏༁Փ Ň౅ӫࡣོ౰ҡ‫ؖ‬ᐦ ň౅ӫࡣᖂ፴໔ωܻ౅ӫࠉ

Ň 5.0

ň 2.5

D

஄ӓ᫜ ዳઃ ᬍ͓࿗ ዳઃ

ʼn౅ӫࡣོ౰ҡ੉‫ݾ‬

)!̍!* 5. ԤΙІᔖȂҥҦᇄΚϽӫҡԙеȄ‫ڏ‬Іᔖ࣏Ȉ2 ҦɮΚ ʖ 3 еȂՄІᔖ‫ސ‬Κᇄҡԙ‫ސ‬е‫ޟ‬፴໔ᜰ߽ԃѡყȄၐ ୰࿋Ԥ 10 պ‫ޟ‬еҡԙਢȂሯौӻЍպ‫ޟ‬Ҧȉ ņ 7.5

C

1000

ʼn 2.0

ŀ

Ū ᢅ Ā Θ ʔ Ս

5. CȄੑૉΚ 15 պЅҦȞ20 ɯ 15ȟɶ 5 պਢҡԙ 20 պеȂ‫ܚ‬оҡԙ 10 պеਢ

ϥഹႨĀΘʔ Ս

ሯੑૉҦ 5ɱ2 ɶ 2.5 պȄ

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন 49

१ᘈ

ij

ᇯᜋ੊Ͻᗙন

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃ੊ϽᗙনІᔖ оኄဎ੊ϽᗙনІᔖۡဎ၌ភȶ੊Ͻᗙনࣺ҆բีҡȷȄ ᘈᐽᗢளӵΠ੊ϽᆇϛᐽᐶȂІᔖԒȈ ˫Ņ஻뼷؅ĦŁʅ ஻ོ͓

І ᔖ Ԓ

2 Mg 쨞ᥞ쨟

쨡뺭 CO2뺭 샆

C

쨞ȕ஻͓ஃ쨟

쨞ஃ쨟

2 MgO

쨡

쨞஻͓ᥞ쨟

Łʅོ īĖ஻뼷؅Ħ஻͓

੊ Ͻ Ꮨ

Π੊ϽᆇѶў੊Ȃ‫ٺ‬ᗢ੊Ͻԙ੊ϽᗢȂΠ੊Ͻᆇ࢐੊ϽᏘȂีҡᗙন ІᔖȄ

ᗙ ন Ꮨ

ᗢ௃Π੊Ͻᆇϛு‫੊ڗ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬Π੊ϽᆇᗙনȂᗢ࢐ᗙনᏘȂีҡ੊ϽІ ᔖȄ

ࣀ‫ܒ‬σω

Mg ɵ CȂMgO ɴ CO2Ȅ І ᔖ ‫ ސ‬ҏ ፴ Ԥ‫ސٲ‬፴ၶܾІᔖȂԤ‫ٲ‬ϚܾІᔖȄ

ኇ៪Іᔖ ‫ פ‬ᄚ ‫ޟ‬ Ӱ શ

ᐨ

࡙

Іᔖ‫ސ‬ᐨ࡙ཕσȂІᔖཕ‫פ‬Ȅ

௥ ញ ७ ᑖ ᗻಖཕωȂ௥ញ७ᑖཕσȂІᔖཕ‫פ‬Ȅ ྣ ་

࡙ Ͻ

50 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Іᔖਢ‫࡙ྣޟ‬ཕଽȂІᔖཕ‫פ‬Ȅ

Ꮨ ё་ϽᏘȂџ‫׽‬ᡐІᔖ‫פޟ‬ᄚȄ

Πȃྰ១ оٕ១ᝪȞFe2O3ȟ࣏‫ٽ‬ȂྯฐȞCȟհ࣏ᐽਟЅᗙনᏘȄ ন

౩ ዥު੉‫ྯٺ‬ฐᐽᐶ౰ҡଽྣȂϚ‫ׇ‬Ӓᐽᐶਢ౰ҡΙ੊ϽᆇȞCOȟȄ Ι੊Ͻᆇ࿋ᗙনᏘȂ஠ٕ១ᝪᗙনԙ១Ȅ ʅն쉫‫۾‬๭ ஼ོ͓ ʅն쉫ᄺ౦ ஼ོ͓

(G 1 조 %샆 (G 조 %1

Ұ ཎ ყ

(G 1 조 %1샆 (G조 %1 ţŀŁʅ

ţŀ஼͓

ʅն쉫੏‫܉‬

%C%1 샆%C1조%1 %C1ȇౠ‫֜ޝ‬Ūᦶဵ

śဵˍ ‫ݦ‬ʇŇ

ś‫ˍ۾‬ ‫ݦ‬ʇŇ

ྯฐӵଽྣή૖ᗙনٕ១ᝪȂҡԙΠ੊Ͻᆇ‫ڷ‬១Ȉ 2Fe2O3 ɮ 3C ʖ 3CO2 ɮ 4Fe ྯฐӵଽྣήϚ‫ׇ‬ӒᐽᐶȂҡԙΙ੊ϽᆇȈ 2C ɮ O2 ʖ 2CO Ι੊Ͻᆇζ࿋ᗙনᏘȂ஠ٕ១ᝪᗙনԙ១Ȉ Fe2O3 ɮ 3CO ʖ 3CO2 ɮ 2Fe ᝥϛІᔖ Π੊ϽᆇӔᇄྯฐհҢȂҡԙΙ੊ϽᆇȂџӔᗙন១ᝪȄ C ɮ CO2 ʖ 2CO Ըү‫ڧ‬ዥਢȂ౰ҡΠ੊Ͻᆇᇄ੊Ͻ໗Ȉ CaCO3 ʖ CO2 ɮ CaO ੊Ͻ໗‫ڷ‬ᝪँϛ‫ޟ‬Π੊Ͻ‫ޤ‬ҡԙᅧ෴Ȉ CaO ɮ SiO2 ʖ CaSiO3 ᅧ෴஝࡙ωȂਗ਼ܻశᄘ១ߒ७ȂߢХྰю‫ޟپ‬១Ӕ੊ϽȄ

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন 51

έȃ‫ސ‬౩ᇄϽᏰᡐϽ‫ޟ‬ҁᒋ ۡྣήȂܹညӻР‫ޟ‬஝ഖЫ౭Ȃ౭ϛЫϚᘞᇑีЅᏗ๖Ȃծ‫ޱڍ‬ ‫ ސ‬౩ ᡐ Ͻ ഀ࡙ࣺӣȂ࢈ᖂЫ໔ϚᡐȄ ‫ ޟ‬ҁ ᒋ ۡྣήԤ‫ؖ‬ᐦ‫ޟ‬Ⴙ‫ྙڷ‬శȂ‫ھ‬ᡝྙ၌Ѕ‫ݙ‬ю‫ޟ‬ഀ౥ࣺӣȂ‫ؖ‬ᐦ໔ Ѕྙశᐨࣱ࡙ϚᡐȄ џଛϽᏰІᔖϗ૖ႀІᔖҁᒋȂғଛІᔖഀ౥้ࣺȞծϚ࣏ ႭȟȄ ІᔖҁᒋࠉȂғІᔖഀ౥ɵଛІᔖഀ౥Ȅ ІᔖҁᒋࡣȂғІᔖഀ౥ɶଛІᔖഀ౥Ȅ

Ѣ ˅ э ߀

Ͻ Ᏸ ᡐ Ͻ ‫ ޟ‬ҁ ᒋ

ȢѢ˅

РŪːೠ

಄Ѣ˅

IJ Ǎ ѲȃҁᒋІᔖ‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ

ۡ

ဎ

ϐႀҁᒋІᔖϛȂषІᔖ‫ސ‬ᇄ౰‫ޟސ‬໔Ԥ‫ܚ‬ቨ෵Ȃ‫ܖ‬ᕗცనӇ‫׽‬ ᡐȞྣ࡙‫׽‬ᡐȟȂࠌҁᒋᎏ‫ڧ‬કᚽȂІᔖོөȶ६ճѴࣨϓᘙ‫ޟ‬ Пөȷಋଢ଼Ȅ ༁Փ‫ޟ‬ሞሖਲ਼ȞCrO42 ɯȟོܻሖ‫ྙܒ‬శ౰ҡᐘऔՓ‫ޟ‬Πሞሖਲ਼ ȞCr2O72 ɯȟȂԪџଛІᔖ‫ޟ‬ІᔖԒȈ ғІᔖ 2ɯ

2CrO4 ‫ٽ‬

ɮ 2H

ɮ

2ɯ ଛІᔖ Cr2O7 ɮ H2O

υ ఺ё‫ސ‬፴

ȶH ɮȷ ᡐϽ

ғІᔖ

ଛІᔖ

ІᔖԤցܻ өѾ‫ܖ‬өѡ

ྙశ ᚟Փ

ᐨಅሖ

ቨё

ቨё

ቨё

өѡ

ᐖՓ

ఱ੊Ͻ໘

෵Ѝ

෵Ѝ

෵Ѝ

өѾ

༁Փ

52 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃྣ࡙ኇ៪Іᔖഀ౥ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

؏ ᡽ Ι

Ңഫպ๋ӵҩાϛѵหΙএȶΪȷȄ

؏ ᡽ Π

‫ ڥ‬4 ЛၐᆓȂӨёΣ 0.1 M ‫ޟ‬ಅфಅሖ ໘ྙశ 5 mLȂຮΰಅфಅሖ໘኿ᡆȂ ༬ΣᐜҪ༬Ȅ

؏ ᡽ έ

Ѫ‫ ڥ‬4 ЛၐᆓȂӨёΣ 0.1 M ‫ޟ‬ᢄሖ 10 mLȂ‫ٮ‬ຮΰᢄሖ኿ᡆȂ༬ΣᐜҪ༬Ȅ

؏ ᡽ Ѳ

ҢᐜҪ๐஠؏᡽Π‫؏ڷ‬᡽έ‫ ޟ‬8 Лၐᆓ ဇӵΙଔȂܹΣ 500 mL σᐶ‫ݔ‬Ȃσᐶ ‫ݔ‬ϱёЫՍ 8 ϷᅖȄоྣ࡙ॎก໔ᐶ‫ݔ‬ ϱЫ‫ྣߑޟ‬Ȃณࡣ໠ۖёዥȄ

؏ ᡽ Ϥ

஠ 50 mL ᐶ‫ݔ‬኿Ұ࣏ҦȂ‫ٺ‬ᐶ‫ۻݔ‬ഋᔆ ӵҩા‫ޟ‬ȶΪȷΰȄ

Ұȁཎȁყ

॰ӓ

॰ӓ

॰ӓ

॰ӓ

ಅф ᢄሖ ಅф ᢄሖ ಅф ᢄሖ ಅф ᢄሖ

঱

॰ӓ

ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱ‫ޟ‬ЫྣЀଽՍσघ 30ʨਢȂӨ‫ڥ‬ ؏ ᡽ ϲ

1 Л኿Ұಅфಅሖ໘‫ڷ‬ᢄሖ‫ޟ‬ၐᆓȂ‫ٮ‬ ଄ᓃԪਢ 500 mL ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱЫ‫ޟ‬ᄂሬྣ࡙Ȅ

॰ӓ ॰ӓ ॰ӓ

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন 53

ሖ ᢄ

ᣃቕġ Ҧ

؏ ᡽ Μ

ӑ஠ၐᆓϛ‫ޟ‬ಅфಅሖ໘ྙశইΣҦᐶ ‫ݔ‬ȂӔ஠ѪΙၐᆓ‫ޟ‬ᢄሖইΣҦᐶ‫ݔ‬Ȃ ҳ։ࡸ଻ᒼॎਢȄ

؏ ᡽ Τ

࿋ 50 mL ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱྙశ᚟Փ࡬ԁᎍ՞ҩ ા‫ޟ‬ȶΪȷȂ଄ᓃІᔖ໌՗‫ڗ‬Ԫ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ ȞऌȟȄ

ೄ҃ೄቕ༗ ࿘౵ġ

Ѫ஠ 3 এ 50 mL ᐶ‫ݔ‬኿Ұ࣏Κȃе‫ڷ‬ΛȄ࿋ 500 mL ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱ‫ޟ‬Ыྣം ؏ ᡽ Ξ ᅚΰЀ‫ڗ‬σघ 40ʨȃ50ʨȃ60ʨਢȂϷտ१ፒ؏᡽Ϥ‫؏ڗ‬᡽ΤȄ଄ᓃ ϚӣЫྣ‫ڷ‬Іᔖਢ໢Ȅ ؐԩᄂᡛก໔ਢ໢഍࣏౰ҡࣺӣ‫ޟ‬໔Ȅ ІᔖԒȈNa2S2O3 ɮ 2HCl ʖ 2NaCl ɮ SO2 ɮ H2O ɮ S ྙశྣ࡙ཕଽȂ౰ҡΙۡ໔ಅȞSȟ‫ؖ‬ᐦȂ‫ܚ‬ሯਢ໢ཕ฻ȂߒҰІᔖ ഀ౥ཕ‫פ‬Ȅ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

54 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

х IJķı ᕕ IJĵı ੡ ༡ IJijı ĩŴĪIJıı Ĺı ķı ĵı ı

х ıįıIJĺ ᕕ ੡ ıįıIJĵ ༡ ৆ ዴ ıįııĺ IJ ĩșĪ Ŵ ıįııĵ ijĶ

ĴĶ

ĵĶ

ĶĶ ࢘ġĩʨĪ

ı

ijĶ

ĴĶ

ĵĶ

ĶĶ ࢘ġĩʨĪ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̍!* 1. ȶߜ឴ X ӵΠ੊ϽᆇϛџоᐽᐶȂ‫ܚ‬оᐽᐶϚΙۡѫีҡӵު੉‫ܖ‬સ੊ϛȄȷ ᜰܻԪఄक़‫ޟ‬րᘞЅ၌ភȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņఄक़ᒿᇲȂX ‫ڷ‬ማΙኺ഍࢐ߜ឴Ȃฒ‫ݲ‬ᐽᐶ 1. CȄX ‫ܒࣀޟ‬σ Ňఄक़ᒿᇲȂ‫ސ‬፴ᐽᐶሯौ੊੉ȂӵΠ੊ϽᆇϛϚོᐽᐶ ܻᆇȂџ஠Π੊ ňఄक़ғጂȂX ‫ܒࣀޟ‬σܻᆇȂџᇄΠ੊ϽᆇІᔖҡԙᆇಖȁȁϽᆇϛ‫ޟ‬ᆇᗙন ʼnఄक़ғጂȂX џᇄΠ੊ϽᆇІᔖ౰ҡ੊੉Ȃᔓօᐽᐶ

ю‫پ‬Ȅ

)!̎!* 2. XȃY ࣏Ϛӣߜ឴Ȃߜ឴ X ઱ґᇄ੊Ͻ Y ઱ґӵႤ๘ު੉‫ޟ‬నӇή౅ӫёዥ ёዥ

2. DȄࣀ‫ܒ‬ȈX>Y ȂXO ɴ YOȄ XO ɮ Y ‫ޟ‬ІᔖԃήȈX ɮ YO X ೝ੊ϽȂ YO ೝᗙনȄ ήӖԤᜰԪІᔖ‫ޟ‬ఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņᇄ੊๖ӫ‫ܒࣀޟ‬ȈX ɴ Y Ň Y ೝ੊ϽȂX ೝᗙন ň YO ೝ੊ϽȂX ೝᗙন ʼnភю੊‫ܒࣀޟ‬ȈXO ɴ YOȁȁ

)!̎!* 3. ࢚୽ω஠ᕊᎴϿᓡҡຊ҈ѓᡱ‫ޥ‬ୢԤሯौ‫ޟ‬ҕಀ਌ӱড়ॵҢȂடড়ࡾюᏰਮ ᕊᎴϿᓡင҈໻ຊ‫ޟ‬ᡁ‫ܝ‬Ȃ࡞ৠܾᆻఁȄᜰܻኇ៪ήӖІᔖഀ౥‫פ‬ᄚ‫ޟ‬ӰશȂ ȶ഻ຊငᡁ‫ܝ‬ৠܾᆻఁȷ‫ޟ‬кौӰશᇄ঺Ιᒵ໶‫ܚ‬क़ശ௥ߖȉ 3. DȄȶ഻ຊငᡁ‫ܝ‬ᇄ ņ⢅ϽІᔖਢȂ஠Іᔖ‫ސ‬ႤЫёዥШ‫ؠ‬ёዥ‫ޟ‬Іᔖ‫פ‬ ੊੉င೎‫ޟ‬ᐠོσ Ňёዥߜ឴ማᇄߜ឴ᗢȂࡣ‫ޟޱ‬ІᔖོШࠉ‫ޱ‬ᐭ੨ ቨȷȂᢄሖᐨ࡙ၶଽȂ ňоᚖ੊Ыᇧ੊ਢȂԤёΠ੊ϽᒾШ‫ؠ‬ёΠ੊ϽᒾІᔖ‫ פ‬ఱᚔυᇄσ౩ү௥ញ ᐠོၶӻȄ ʼnσ౩үᇄᢄሖІᔖਢȂҢ 1 M ᢄሖІᔖШҢ 0.1 M ᢄሖ‫פ‬ )!̋!* 4. ߜ឴᎙ 0.1g ညΣ 0.1 M ಅሖ 100 mL ϛȂІᔖԒ࣏ȈZn ɮ H2SO4 ʖ ZnSO4 ɮ H2Ȃ௴ҢήӖդᆍПԒџ‫ٺ‬ԪІᔖ‫ۖߑޟ‬Іᔖഀ౥६ճȉ ņӔёΣ‫؁‬ӻ‫ޟ‬Ы ŇҢନᆠᐷඪଽІᔖྣ࡙ 4. AȄ६ճྙశᐨ࡙џ‫ٺ‬Іᔖ ഀ౥६ճȄ ňӔёΣ 0.1 M ‫ޟ‬ಅሖ ʼn஠ߜ឴᎙ᑑԙ઱ґ‫ ޑ‬Ȅ )!̌!* 5. ϐ‫ޣ‬ӵ஝ᏢৠᏢϛȂXȃY ‫ڍ‬ᆍ੉ᡝོϽӫԙ Z ੉ᡝȂӵৠᏢϱ‫ޟ‬ІᔖԒ࣏Ȉ 2X ɮ 3Y ʖ 2ZȂࠌ঺ΙএყџᎌϸߒҰюІᔖ‫ސ‬Ѕ౰‫ސ‬໔ᄇਢ໢‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ყȉ ᜰܻҦʂΛ‫ޟ‬ӪᆎȂ‫וٷ‬ᔖ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ

ņআ ʇ /

Ň Z \

আ ʇ

/

Z [

[

\

IJǍ ‫ڀ‬

ňআ ʇ /

ʼn

Z \

[

IJǍ ‫ڀ‬

IJǍ ‫ڀ‬

আ ʇ

/

Z [ \

IJǍ ‫ڀ‬

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন 55

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 6. ʂ 8. ᚠ : ω৳‫ڥ‬ήӖέЛၐᆓกၐІᔖഀ౥ȄϏ‫ޣ‬ᆇሖ໗ᡝᑖሉωܻᢄሖȂиᄂᡛኵ ᐃԃήߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ ၐᆓ

Ҧ

Κ

е

ྣ࡙Ȟʨȟ

28

28

28

ᢄሖ፴໔Ȟgȟ

50

70

80

ᢄሖᐨ࡙Ȟʦȟ

12

10

3

ᆇሖ໗઱ґ፴໔Ȟgȟ

5

5

5

)!̋!* 6. ፜୰঺ΙЛၐᆓؐऌ౰ҡ‫ݾ੉ޟ‬ശӻȉ ņҦၐᆓ ŇΚၐᆓ ňеၐᆓ

ʼnέЛၐᆓΙኺ‫פ‬

6. AȄҦᢄሖᐨ࡙ശଽȂ౰ҡ੉ᡝഀ౥ശ‫פ‬Ȅ

)!̌!* 7. षІᔖୄХਢϫԤᆇሖ໗‫ؖ‬ᐦԆӵȂ፜୰঺ΙЛၐᆓ౰ҡ੉ᡝ‫ޟ‬໔ശӻȉ 10 12 ņҦ 7. BȄԤᆇሖ໗‫ؖ‬ᐦȂߒҰ HCl ҢᅾȂHCl ʖҦȈ 100 ɰ50 ɶ 6 պȇΚȈ 100 ɰ70 ɶ 7 պȇ 3 ŇΚ еȈ 100 ɰ80 ɶ 2.4 պȂ࢈Κ HCl ശӻȂ‫ܚ‬о౰ҡശӻ CO2Ȅ ňе ʼnέЛၐᆓΙኺӻȁȁ )!̌!* 8. ήӖդ‫࣏ޱ‬ԪІᔖ‫ޟ‬ϽᏰІᔖԒȉ ņ C ɮ O2 ʖ CO2 Ň CaCO3 ɮ 2HCl ʖ CaCl2 ɮ H2O ɮ CO2 ň CaCO3 ʖ CaO ɮ CO2 ʼn CaO ɮ 2HCl ʖ CaCl2 ɮ H2O )!̍!* 9. ሞሖਲ਼ႄሖ‫ޟ‬џଛІᔖԒȈ2CrO42– ɮ 2H ɮ Cr2O72– ɮ H2OȂϐ‫ ޣ‬CrO42– ࣏ ༁ՓȂCr2O72– ࣏ᐖՓȂࠌӵϐႀҁᒋ‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂоή‫׽‬ᡐդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņёΣੋЫਢȂྙశ᚟Փᡐு‫୑؁‬ᐖՓ ŇёΣᢄሖਢȂྙశ᚟Փᡐு‫୑؁‬༁ 9. CȄņňΙёΣ OH ɯਢ ňёΣ NaOH ਢȂྙశϛଛІᔖഀ౥σܻғІᔖഀ౥ ʼnёΣಅሖਢȂCr2O72- ‫ޟ‬ᐨོ࡙෵Ѝ

56 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

H ɮ෵ЍȂІᔖөѾȂ᚟ Փ୑༁ȇňʼnёΣ H ɮȂ ІᔖөѡȄ

)!̎!*10. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂᄂᡛџ‫ ޣ‬CrO42– Ѕ CrO72– এտӵդᆍሖᢃ‫ܒ‬ᕗცϛၶ࣏Ԋۡȉ ᒵ໶

ņ

ሖ‫ܒ‬ᕗცϛ

CrO42–Ȃ

ၶԊۡ‫ޟ‬ᚔυ

Cr2O72–

ᢃ‫ܒ‬ᕗცϛ

ň

ʼn

ɰ

CrO42–

Cr2O72–

Cr2O72–

CrO42–

CrO42–Ȃ

ɰ

ၶԊۡ‫ޟ‬ᚔυ

Ň

2–

Cr2O7

10. DȄёΣ H ɮȞሖȟȂ ҡԙ‫؁‬ӻ Cr2O72-Ȃ ‫ܚ‬о Cr2O72- ӵሖϛ ၶԊۡȂёΣ OH ɯ Ȟᢃȟҡԙ CrO42-Ȃ ‫ܚ‬о CrO42- ӵᢃϛၶ ԊۡȄ

)!̎!*11. ϐ‫ٔޣ‬෦‫ޟ‬кौԙϷ࣏ CaCO3Ȃ஠ٔ෦ᇄใᢄሖܹΣᓅ ‫ל‬౭ϛȂ‫ٮ‬ӵ౭οоᐜҪ༬஝ࡌȂІᔖོ౰ҡ CO2 ‫ޟ‬ ੉‫ݾ‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬ІᔖԒ࣏ȈCaCO3 ɮ 2 HCl ʖ CaCl2 ɮ CO2 ɮ H2OȂᓗညΙࢲਢ໢ࡣȂࣼ‫ڗ‬ᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱϚӔ౰ҡ੉‫ݾ‬Ȃ ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂԪਢ‫ܦ‬໠ᐜҪ༬Ȃάџَࣼ੉‫ݾ‬௃ྙశϛࠃ

ષ॰ ‫׹‬࿎

юȄԤᜰ‫ܦ‬໠ᐜҪ༬ࠉȂࣼϚ‫ࠃݾ੉ڗ‬юȷȄήӖդ‫ޱ‬ ശџо၌ភԪ౪ຫȉ ņᓅ‫ל‬౭ϛϽᏰІᔖϐୄХ Ňᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱ‫ ޟ‬CO2 Ӓഋྙ၌ӵྙశϛ ňٔ෦ϛ HCl ‫ޟ‬ԙϷϐ‫ׇ‬ӒҢᅾ ʼnᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱІᔖ֯ϐႀҁᒋ

11. DȄІᔖႀҁᒋȂғଛІᔖഀ౥้ࣺ ( Ϛ࢐ୄХ )Ȃ ౰ҡ‫ ޟ‬CO2 ໔ϚӻȂ‫ܚ‬оࣼϚ‫ݾ੉ڗ‬Ȅ

)!̍!*12. ήყ࣏ߡᖾ໌՗ᄂᡛ‫؏ޟ‬᡽ყȈ୅೩ᄂᡛႆแϛȂಅ઱ᐽᐶࡣ౰ҡ‫੉ޟ‬ᡝ‫ؠ‬ ԤඹѶȂࠌ؏᡽Ѳ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂϷտ‫ڏڥ‬ϛΙ౭ྙశᇄ‫ڏ‬ϛΙӋσ౩үІᔖȂІ ᔖߑ෈դᆍಢӫ‫ޟݾࠃڏ‬ഀ౥ശ‫פ‬ȉ ϲበĂ

ϲበȕ

័ӻ

঱Ӌ

ϲበƁ

ϲበ˗

ႨӋ Հ‫ޔ‬

ӻ‫ޔ‬ ᢅ ࣼ

nj O. Žยƨ‫ر‬ ΘʔȠDžĀ ័ӻ

ņҦ౭ྙశ‫ڷ‬е ŇҦ౭ྙశ‫ڷ‬Λ ňΚ౭ྙశ‫ڷ‬е ʼnΚ౭ྙశ‫ڷ‬Λ

঱Ӌ ႨӋ

nj O.

dzย‫۝‬ġĀ័ӻ ŒȎٝǏ঱뼵Ⴈߒ ĈnjĀӋʮ뼷ˢĖ ȥƼย‫۝‬

ȥƼย‫۝‬ŷ뼷ࣥ ʐӋˍ뼷թ‫ྞڴ‬ ЗˍӋ̹лˀƼ ˌዳǏnjġ

Ǟӂѥƨ΍Θʔ Ƞǜ뼷Țʋҋ૜ի ăǜĀęȗ‫܉‬

12. CȄΚ౭Ы໔ЍȂᐨ࡙ၶଽȂ઱‫ޟޑ‬еІᔖ७ᑖσȄ

಑ϲണȁϽᏰІᔖᇄ੊Ͻᗙন 57

಑

Μ ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ Ⴋ၌፴ᇄሖᢃᢄ ᄂȁᡛ ሖᇄᢃ‫ޟ‬Іᔖ

ᢄ ȃ ᢃ ሖȃ

१ᘈ

IJ

Ⴋ၌፴ᇄሖᢃᢄ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃᇯᜋႫ၌፴ ྙܻЫࡣȂџ‫ྙٺ‬శᏲႫ‫ޟ‬Ͻӫ‫ސ‬Ȃᆎ࣏Ⴋ၌፴Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈ෩Ͻఱȃ ఱ੊Ͻ໘Ȅ ۡ

ྙܻЫ‫ל‬ԙ‫ྙޟ‬శϚ૖‫ٺ‬ᐷ‫ีݾ‬ӎȂฒ‫ݲ‬ᏲႫ‫ޱ‬Ȃᆎ࣏ߨႫ၌፴Ȃ ‫ٽ‬ԃȈጵᑥȃନᆠȄ லَ‫ޟ‬Ⴋ၌፴џϷ࣏ሖȃᢃ‫ڷ‬ᢄέ᜸Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈॵҢ᎗ϛ‫ޟ‬᎗ሖ឴

ဎ

ܻሖ᜸ȂүԸЫϛ‫ޟ‬ఱ੊Ͻ໗឴ܻᢃ᜸ȂॵᢄЫྙశϛ‫ޟ‬෩Ͻ໘ ࠌ࣏ᢄ᜸Ȅ Ⴋ၌፴ྙܻЫਢȂོ౰ҡளғႫᇄ॒Ⴋ‫ޟ‬ಖυȂᆎ࣏ᚔυȄ ྙశϛғᚔυ‫ܚ‬ள‫ޟ‬ᖂႫ໔࡬้ܻ॒ᚔυ‫ܚ‬ள‫ޟ‬ᖂႫ໔ȂႫ၌፴ ྙశ࣏Ⴋϛ‫ܒ‬Ȅ ᏲႫন౩ ᚔυӵЫྙశϛџоՌҥಋଢ଼Ȃ࿋Ⴋ၌፴Ыྙశϛ೽ႫਢȂྙశ ϛ‫ޟ‬ғᚔυོಋө॒ྃȂ॒ᚔυོಋөғྃȂ೻‫ٲ‬ಋଢ଼‫ޟ‬ᚔυ‫ٺ‬ Ⴋ၌፴ྙశџоᏲႫȄ Πȃலَ‫ޟ‬ሖᇄᢃ ሖ ᇄ ᢃ

ሖ

‫ܒ‬፴ ‫ٺ‬⍇٦Њ֕ฒՓȂᙢՓүᑼၐ ા֕औՓȂኄҢၐા֕औՓȃ ᐖՓ‫ܖ‬༁ՓȂᇄᆇሖ໗ІᔖȂ

౰ҡΠ੊Ͻᆇ੉ᡝȄ σӻኵሖ‫ྙܒ‬శџᇄࣀዑ‫ޟ‬ ߜ឴ІᔖȂ౰ҡఱ੉Ȅ

லَ‫ޟ‬ሖᇄᢃ ᐨಅሖ‫ڎ‬Ԥᆻᇟ‫ܒ‬ᇄಳЫ‫ܒ‬Ȃџ ‫ٺ‬ጵᑥ้ᆇЫϽӫ‫ސ‬ಳЫȂ‫ל‬ԙ ༃Փ‫ޟ‬ᆇȄ ෩Ͻఱ੉ᡝ‫ڷ‬Ыᇑ੉๖ӫȂ‫ל‬ԙ ҩՓ‫ޟ‬ᢄሖሖ᜴Ȃᄇಁ࿘ЅҪጳ Ԥ‫ږ‬ᐭ‫ܒ‬Ȅ

‫ٺ‬⍇٦Њ֕औՓȂऔՓүᑼၐ ఱ੊Ͻ໘‫ڎ‬஼ᆻᇟ‫ܒ‬Ȃܾ֜ԝު

ᢃ

ા֕ᙢՓȂኄҢၐા֕ᙢՓ ੉ϛ‫ޟ‬Ы੉ᇄΠ੊ϽᆇՄዘ၌ᡐ ‫ܖ‬๙ՓȄ ፴Ȅ ྙశᄥଔ‫پ‬ԤྤᑶཐȂџྙ ੊Ͻ໗߹ᆎҡүԸȂྙܻЫܹю ၌‫્ݶ‬Ȃ࢚‫ٲ‬ᢃ‫ސܒ‬፴ོᆻ σ໔‫ޟ‬ዥ‫לٮ‬ԙఱ੊Ͻ໗ྙశ ᇟҪጳȄ

Ȟ߹ᆎүԸЫȟȄ

಑Μണȁሖȃᢃȃᢄ 59

έȃሖᢃᐨ࡙ ؐϴЀྙశϛ‫ྙޟ֤ܚ‬፴ೃՆኵȂ൐՝ಒဴ଄࣏ MȞೃՆ / ϴЀȟȂ ΙૡҢϛࢂဴ [ȁ] ߒҰೃՆᐨ࡙Ȅ ԃᐨ࡙ 0.5M ‫ိޟ‬ຉᑥྙశȂџቸԙ [C6H12O6] ɶ 0.5MȂߒҰؐ 1 ϴЀ‫ိޟ‬ຉᑥྙశϛ֤Ԥ 0.5 ೃՆ‫ိޟ‬ຉᑥϷυȄ ۡ

ဎ ϴԒߒҰೃՆᐨ࡙Ȉ ྙ፴ೃՆኵȞೃՆȟ ȇ ೃՆᐨ࡙ȞMȟɶ ྙశᡝᑖȞϴЀȟ ྙ፴ೃՆኵȞೃՆȟ ೃՆᐨ࡙ ɰ ྙశᡝᑖɶྙ፴ೃՆኵɶ Ȅ ྙశᡝᑖȞϴЀȟ સЫ࡞ᜲᏲႫȂࡉྣȞ25ʨȟήȂ1 ϴЀ‫ޟ‬સЫϛȞघ 55.6 ೃՆ ‫ޟ‬ЫϷυȟȂѫԤ 0.0000001Ȟ10–7ȟೃՆЫϷυ၌ᚔȂ౰ҡ 10–7

સ

ೃՆఱᚔυȞH ɮȟ‫ ڷ‬10–7 ೃՆఱ੊ਲ਼ᚔυȞOH ɯȟȄ Ы ІᔖԒȈH2O ʖ H ɮɮ OH ɯȄ સЫ࣏ϛ‫ܒ‬ȂԪਢఱᚔυ‫ڷ‬ఱ੊ਲ਼ᚔυᐨ้࡙ࣺȂ։Ȉ [H ɮ ] ɶ [OH ɯ ] ɶ 10–7mol/L ɶ 10–7M ሖ‫ྙܒ‬శ ɮ

ɯ

ɮ

ϛ‫ྙܒ‬శ ɯ

ɮ

ᢃ‫ྙܒ‬శ ɯ

[H ]ȃ[OH ] ᜰ߽ [H ] ɵ [OH ] [H ] ɶ [OH ] [H ɮ ] ɴ [OH ɯ ] pH ঄ ɴ7 ɶ7 ɵ7 ఱ੊Ͻ໘Ыྙశ ᢄሖЫྙశ ॵᢄЫ સЫ

ྙశ‫ܒ‬፴ Na+

Cl OH－

H+

OH－

H+

H+

Na+

Cl－

Na+

Cl－

OH－

H

H+

+

Na+ OH－

OH－

－

OH－

H+

Cl－

[OH－]＞[H＋] ＋

－

[H ] ＞ [OH ] [H＋]＝[OH－] [H＋]＝[OH－]

К‫ݑ‬

60 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

К‫ݑ‬

ቕ‫ݑ‬

ᣂ‫ݑ‬

Ѳȃሖᢃϛ‫ڷ‬ о࿋ᢄሖȞHClȟᇄఱ੊Ͻ໘ȞNaOHȟྙశ౅ӫ࣏‫ٽ‬Ȃ౅ӫࡣ‫ޟ‬Ы ྙశ‫࡙ྣޟ‬ЀଽȂ‫ٮ‬౰ҡ෩Ͻ໘ᇄЫȄ HCl ၌ᚔю‫ ޟ‬H ɮ ‫ ڷ‬NaOH ၌ᚔю‫ ޟ‬OH ɯ հҢࡣு‫ ڗ‬H2OȂՄ HCl ۡ

၌ᚔю‫ޟ‬෩ᚔυȞCl ɯȟ‫ ڷ‬NaOH ၌ᚔю‫ޟ‬໘ᚔυȞNa ɮȟԆӵܻЫ ྙశϛȂष஠Ы‫ׇ‬ӒᇑีȂ߯џԝ໱‫ڗ‬෩Ͻ໘ȞNaClȟȄ

ဎ

Cl ɯ ‫ ڷ‬Na ɮ І ᔖ ࠉ ࡣ ‫ ٮ‬Ґ ‫ ׽‬ᡐȂ ᄂ ሬ ี ҡ І ᔖ ‫ ޟ‬ಖ υ ࢐ H ɮ ‫ڷ‬ OH ɯȂ‫ڏ‬ᚔυІᔖᜰ߽࣏ H ɮɮ OH ɯʖ H2OȄ ჋೻᜸ሖᇄᢃ‫ޟ‬Іᔖᆎ࣏ϛ‫ڷ‬ІᔖȂџቸԙȈሖɮᢃʖᢄɮЫȄ ಅሖ໗ȃᆇሖ໗ȃᆇሖ໘ᇄᆇሖఱ໘‫ܒ‬፴ШၶȈ ಅሖ໗ CaSO4 ᆇሖ໗ CaCO3 ᆇሖ໘ Na2CO3 ᆇሖఱ໘ NaHCO3

லَᢄ᜸

ёЫ

ёሖ

ල೽ёዥ

ᜲྙ

ϚІᔖ

ϚІᔖ

ᜲྙ

౰ҡ CO2

౰ҡ CO2

౰ҡ CO2

ϚІᔖ

౰ҡ CO2

౰ҡ CO2

џྙ Ȟ৵ᢃ‫ܒ‬ȟ џྙ Ȟ৵ᢃ‫ܒ‬ȟ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃሖᇄᢃ‫ޟ‬Іᔖ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏

᡽

Ι

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

‫ڥ‬ᢄሖ 10mLȂইΣᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱȂ ‫ٮ‬ӵᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱёΣ 2 ᅎ⍇ࡾҰ ᏘȂᢎᄆྙశ᚟ՓȂоྣ࡙ॎก ໔‫ٮ‬଄ᓃ‫࡙ྣڏ‬Ȅ

؏

᡽

Π

၆ညᅎۡᆓȂցҢᅓН஠ 20 mL ‫ޟ‬ఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశইΣᅎۡᆓϛȄ

಑Μണȁሖȃᢃȃᢄ 61

؏

᡽

έ

ᅎЍ໔ఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశӵᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱȂ о௶юᅎۡᆓοґᆒ ‫ ޟ‬෤ ੼ ު ੉Ȅ᠞‫ڥ‬ᅎۡᆓϛఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశ ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ‫ٮ࡙ړ‬଄ᓃϞȄ

҈໠ᅎۡᆓȂ‫ٺ‬ఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశጥ ؏

᡽

Ѳ

ጥᅎΣწԤҩા‫ޟ‬ᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱȂࡻ ៉཮ਥᓅ‫ל‬౭Ȃ‫ڗޢ‬౭ϱྙశ᚟ Փ‫׽‬ᡐиϚӔੑѶ࣏ХȄ

؏

᡽

Ϥ

ก໔ᓅ‫ל‬౭ϛྙశ‫࡙ྣޟ‬Ȃ଄ᓃྙశีҡᡐϽਢ‫ޟ‬᚟ՓȂ‫ٮ‬᠞‫ڥ‬ᅎ ۡᆓϛ഻Ꮇ‫ޟ‬ఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశᡝᑖȄ

ϛ‫ܹ࣏ڷ‬ዥІᔖȂ‫ྙٺ‬శྣ࡙ΰЀȂᢎᄆᓅ‫ל‬౭ϱ᚟ՓȂᡐฒՓ ਢ։ᅎۡ‫ׇ‬ԙȂ஠ྙశᇑୁџுҩՓ‫ ޟ‬NaCl ॵᢄවᡝȄ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬ ܰႀϛ‫ڷ‬నӇʖ H ɮೃՆኵɶ OH ɯೃՆኵȄ ІᔖԒȈHCl ɮ NaOH ʖ NaCl ɮ H2OȄ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ҦȃΚȃе‫ڷ‬ΛѲ‫ݔ‬ᡝᑖ࣏֯ 100 mL ‫ޟ‬ЫྙశȂ‫ڏ‬ϛ‫࣏ݔڍ‬ᆇሖ໘ྙశȂ ѪѴ‫࣏ݔڍ‬ᢄሖȂ25 ʨਢ೻Ѳ‫ྙݔ‬శ‫ ޟ‬pH ঄ԃήყ‫ܚ‬ҰȈ ࣼ

ᢅ

Ⴈ

঱

2*

ϐ‫ޣ‬ᢄሖ‫ڷ‬ᆇሖ໘Іᔖོ౰ҡΠ੊ϽᆇȂήӖ঺‫ྙݔڍ‬శ౅ӫࡣȂ౰ҡΠ੊ Ͻᆇ‫ۖߑޟ‬ഀ౥ശ‫פ‬ȉ ņҦ‫ڷ‬е ŇҦ‫ڷ‬Λ ňΚ‫ڷ‬е ʼnΚ‫ڷ‬Λ 1. BȄၶ஼‫ޟ‬ሖ‫ྙܒ‬శΛᇄၶ஼‫ޟ‬ᢃ‫ྙܒ‬శҦ౅‫ڷ‬Іᔖഀ౥ၶ‫פ‬Ȅ

)!̌!* 2. ϐ‫ޣ‬ҦȃΚȃеȃΛѲᆍӣྣ࡙ྙశ‫ޟ‬ఱ੊ਲ਼ᚔ υᐨ࡙ԃѡߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࠌЫྙశϞ pH ঄ҥσՍω ௶Ӗ‫ޟ‬ԩ‫ו‬ȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņҦɵΚɵΛɵе ňеɵΛɵΚɵҦ

ŇеɵΚɵҦɵΛ ʼnΛɵҦɵΚɵе

2. BȄఱ੊ਲ਼ᚔυᐨ࡙ཕσᢃ‫ܒ‬ཕ஼ȂpH ঄ཕσȄ

62 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ҧ Κ е Λ

ఱ੊ਲ਼ᚔυᐨ࡙ (M) 4ɰ10 ɯ 5 8ɰ10 ɯ 8 6ɰ10 ɯ 12 2ɰ10 ɯ 2

)!̍!* 3. ஠‫ڍ‬ᆍϚӣ‫੊ޟ‬Ͻ‫ސ‬ϷտညΣ၆Ԥ้໔Ы‫ޟ‬ҦȃΚ ‫ڍ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂ‫ڍ‬ᆍϽӫ‫ސ‬၌ᚔࡣ౰ҡ H ɮᇄ OH Ι‫ޟ‬Ш ‫ٽ‬ҰཎყȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࠌήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ

঱

Ⴈ

ņก໔ pH ঄‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ȈҦɵΚ ŇҦ‫ڷݔ‬Κ‫౅ݔ‬ӫࡣྙశྣོ࡙ή६ ňҦ‫ڷݔ‬Κ‫౅ݔ‬ӫࡣЫྙశ֕ϛ‫ܒ‬

3. CȄņҦ < Κ ȂŇ౅ӫࡣܹዥྙశྣ࡙џ ૖ก‫ڗ‬ΰЀȂň‫ڍ‬ᆍᚔυኵҬࣺӣȂʼnሖ ʼnӵҦ‫ݔ‬ϛёΣ⍇٦ЊࡾҰᏘȂЫྙశ֕औՓ ‫ܒ‬ȂЫྙశ֕ฒՓȄ

)!̋!* 4. ஠Ыࡻ៉ᅎΣ၆Ԥሖ‫ܒ‬Ыྙశ‫ޟ‬ၐᆓϛȄӵᐌএІᔖႆแϛȂ၎Ыྙశ‫ ޟ‬pH ঄ᡐϽᔖ࣏ήӖ঺Ι໶ყҰȉ ņ

Ň

R*

ň

R*

Ѣ˅IJǍ

ʼn

R*

Ѣ˅IJǍ

R*

Ѣ˅IJǍ

Ѣ˅IJǍ

4. AȄሖ‫ྙܒ‬శনӑ pH ঄ωܻ 7ȂёΣσ໔Ыࡣ௥ߖϛ‫ ܒ‬pH ঄Ȅ

)!̎!* 5. ‫ ڥ‬N ೃՆಅሖ໘ȞNa2SO4ȟྙܻЫȂ‫ׇ‬Ӓྙ၌ࡣёЫ଩ԙ 2 ϴЀ‫ޟ‬ЫྙశȄ षಅሖ໘ӵԪЫྙశϛ‫ׇ‬Ӓ၌ᚔԙ໘ᚔυȞNa ɮȟᇄಅሖਲ਼ᚔυȞSO42 ɯȟȂ ࠌԪЫྙశϛ‫֤ܚ‬໘ᚔυȞNa ɮȟ4 ೃՆȂࠌήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ Ň ň ʼn

N ɶ 4ȂྙశϛԤಅሖਲ਼ᚔυԤ 8 ೃՆ N ɶ 4ȂྙశϛԤಅሖਲ਼ᚔυԤ 24 ೃՆ N ɶ 2ȂྙశϛԤಅሖਲ਼ᚔυԤ 4 ೃՆ N ɶ 2ȂྙశϛԤಅሖਲ਼ᚔυԤ 2 ೃՆ

5. DȄN ೃՆಅሖ໘ȞNa2SO4ȟྙܻЫҡԙȂ໘ᚔυȞNa ɮȟ2N ೃՆȃಅሖਲ਼ᚔυԤ N ೃՆȂN=2Ȅ

)!̌!* 6. ߡ୉஠ӨܹԤᗢ‫ڷ‬ಅ‫ڍޟ‬ᐽᐶୠϷտᘈЬȂณࡣϷտܹΣҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬шᅖ੊੉ ‫ޟ‬౭ϛ᝷៉ᐽᐶȄ࡟ЬฑᅫྞࡣȂϷտёΣЍ໔‫ޟ‬ЫȂшϷ཮ᕝࡣȂӵࡉྣ ਢȂҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬౭Ыྙశ‫ ޟ‬pH ঄ᇄ [H ɮ ]ȃ[OH ɯ ] Шၶդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғ ጂȉ ɮ ɯ ņҦ౭ pH ঄σܻ 7ȂΚ౭ [H ] ɴ [OH ] ɮ ɯ ŇҦ౭ [H ] ɵ [OH ] ȂΚ౭ pH ঄ωܻ 7 ňҦ౭ pH ঄ωܻ 7ȂΚ౭ pH ঄ωܻ 7 ɮ ɯ ɮ ɯ ʼnҦ౭ [H ] ɵ [OH ] ȂΚ౭ [H ] ɴ [OH ]

6. BȄҦ࣏ᢃ‫ܒ‬ȂpH ঄σܻ 7Ȃ[H ɮ ] ɴ [OH ɯ ]ȄΚ࣏ሖ‫ܒ‬ȂpH ঄ωܻ 7Ȃ[H ɮ ]>[OH ɯ ]Ȅ

)!̎!* 7. ԃѡყȂωᒊ஠ϐ‫ޣ‬ᐨ࡙‫ޟ‬ఱ੊Ͻ໘ЫྙశညΣᅎۡᆓϛ ໌՗ሖᢃϛ‫ڷ‬ᄂᡛȂήПᓅ‫ל‬౭၆ԤᅎΣ⍇٦Њ‫ޟ‬ᢄሖȂࠌ ήӖԤᜰԪᄂᡛ‫ޟ‬ఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ( Ҧ ) Іᔖႆแϛᓅ‫ל‬ ౭ pH ঄ӑЀࡣ६ȇ( Κ ) Іᔖႆแϛᓅ‫ל‬౭ pH ঄ӑ६ࡣЀȇ

ᱬ஼͓᫜ ዳઃ

॰ӓ ( е ) Іᔖႆแϛᓅ‫ל‬౭ϛ Cl ɯᐨ࡙߳ࡻ‫ۡھ‬ȇ( Λ ) Іᔖ ႆแϛᓅ‫ל‬౭ྣ࡙ΰЀȄ NaOH ёΣՄΰЀȂ࢈ ( Ҧ )( Κ ) ഍ᒿȇ ņ ( Κ )( е )( Λ ) Ň ( Ҧ )( е ) 7. DȄpH ঄Ӱ ɯ ( е ) Cl ೃՆኵϚᡐȂծӰᡝᑖᡐσȂՄȦCl ɯȧ ň ( е )( Λ ) ʼn(Λ) ෵Ѝȇ( Λ ) ሖᢃϛ‫ܹ࣏ڷ‬ዥІᔖȂ࢈ྣ࡙ΰЀȄ

಑Μണȁሖȃᢃȃᢄ 63

)!̍!* 8. ωᓒӵࡉྣή‫ٺ‬Ң pH ॎก໔Ѳᆍྙశ‫ ޟ‬pH ঄Ȃ ྙశ Ҧ Κ е Λ ‫ٮ‬଄ᓃ᠞ኵȂԃѡߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȄਲ਼ᐃԪၥਟȂष‫׽‬Ңऔ pH ঄ 3.4 4.0 9.2 12.5 ՓүᑼၐાհกၐȂࠌήӖ঺Ιᆍྙశџ‫ٺ‬ၐાᡐ ᙢՓȉ ņҦΚ ŇΚе ňеΛ ʼnҦΛ 8. CȄеΛ࣏ᢃ‫ྙܒ‬శȄ

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 9. ʂ 10. ᚠȈ ԃѡყȂ౪ԤҦȃΚȃеέ‫ݔ‬ӣᡝᑖ‫ྙޟ‬శȂϐ‫ڍڍޣ‬ ౅ӫਢѫོีҡሖᢃϛ‫ڷ‬ІᔖȂҦྙశ࣏ HCl ྙశȂΚ ࣏ H2OȂеྙశ࣏‫ ޟ‬Ca(OH)2 ྙశȂиҦȃеྙశೃՆ ᐨ࡙ࣺӣȄ

঱

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)!̌!* 9. ष‫װ‬еྙశጥጥӒኵইΣҦྙశϛȂࠌҦྙశᡝᑖᇄ‫ ڏ‬pH ঄‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ყդ‫ޱ‬ ғጂȉ ņ R*

Ň R*

ň R*

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9. BȄҦϛ H ೃՆኵωܻ OH ೃՆኵȂ‫ܚ‬оശࡣྙశ pH ɵ 7Ȅ

)!̎!*10. षҦȃе‫ྙݔڍ‬శϛ‫ྙޟ‬፴ᐨ้࡙ࣺȂоȞҦɮΚȟϞ঄фߒҦȃΚ౅ӫశ ‫ ޟ‬pH ঄Ȃ‫ڏ‬Ꮇ᜸௰Ȃࠌоήդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņȞҦɮΚȟɵ 7 ŇȞΚɮеȟɴ 7 ňȞҦɮеȟɶ 7 ʼnȞҦɮΚɮеȟɵ 7

10. DȄӰ࣏ 1 এ Ca(OH)2 ౰ҡ 2 এ OH ɯȂ1 এ HCl ѫ౰ҡ 1 এ H ɮȂ࢈ȞҦɮΚȟɵ 7ȞҦɮΚɮ еȟɵ 7ȂάҦใភࡣȞҦɮΚȟϫ࣏ሖ‫ܒ‬Ȃӣ౩ȞΚɮеȟϫ࣏ᢃ‫ܒ‬Ȅ

64 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

಑

Τ ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ᇯᜋԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬ ᄂȁᡛ Լ࿼Ⴄ๘ު੉‫ڧ‬ዥ௑‫ל‬ ᄂȁᡛ ޳‫ޟغ‬ᇧհ

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ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬ ۡ

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ԤᐠϽӫ‫ۡސ‬ဎ࣏֤ᆇ‫ޟ‬Ͻӫ‫ސ‬ȂϚ֤ᆇ‫ޟ‬Ͻӫ‫ސ‬ᆎ࣏ฒᐠϽӫ ‫ސ‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬ϛԤЍኵ֤ᆇ‫ޟ‬Ͻӫ‫ސ‬ȂΙ੊ϽᆇȞCOȟȃΠ੊ϽᆇȞCO2ȟȃ ᆇሖᢄ้Ȃᘪ᜸࣏ฒᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȅ ԤᐠϽӫ‫ܒސ‬፴࢐ҥಢԙনυ‫ޟ‬ᆍ᜸ȃኵҬᇄ๖ӫПԒ‫ؚۡ‬Ȅ

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ѫ֤ CȃH ‫ڍ‬ᆍϯશȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈҦ∢ CH4ȃе∢ C3H8Ȅ

ѫ֤ CȃHȃO έᆍϯશȄ ᎕᜸‫ڎ‬Ԥ OH নυღȄ Ԥᐠሖ‫ڎ‬Ԥ COOH নυღȄ ⢅᜸֤Ԥ੫੆੉‫ڨ‬Ȃ‫્ݶ‬឴ܻ⢅᜸ȂϚྙܻЫȂਗ਼ܻߒ७Ȅ

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Πȃᆹӫ‫ސ‬ᇄ՘ਟᡊᆰ ŇŒŔࣘʸˀ Ĉƭ͓ʸˀ

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ĐƔࣘʸˀ ࣘʸˀ

ɴർȡࣘʸˀ ʸŪࣘʸˀ ɴੰȡࣘʸˀ

66 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

౪ˀຸέ ĐƔຸέ Ƙˀຸέ ΁նຸέ Ǟŀຸέ

՘ਟᡊᆰ Ϸ ᜸

ĉҜຸέ ʸŪຸέ

ේ‫ސ‬ᡊᆰȈԙϷ࣏ᡊᆰશȄ ଢ଼‫ސ‬ᡊᆰȈԙϷ࣏ೖҩ፴Ȅ ӔҡᡊᆰȈоේ‫ސ‬ᡊᆰ࣏নਟȄ ӫԙᡊᆰȈоү‫࣏ݶ‬নਟȄ

έȃ޳‫غ‬ᇄ఼ዓᏘ ‫ غ‬Ͻ І ᔖ ஠‫્ݶ‬ᇄᢃశӓดȂငϽᏰІᔖҡԙ޳‫غ‬Ȃᆎ࣏‫غ‬ϽІᔖȄ ᇄ ᢄ ‫ ݙ‬ցҢႹ‫ॵڷ‬ᢄЫ஠޳‫غ‬ᇄҠ‫ݶ‬Ϸᚔ‫ޟ‬ႆแȂᆎ࣏ᢄ‫ݙ‬Ȅ

%* %* %* %* %* %* %*

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ǣ࣏ʡЅܸ ͹Ŕ ʡnjܸ

޳‫غ‬Ϸυ‫ڎ‬Ԥᒑ‫ڷܒݶ‬ᒑЫ‫ڍޟܒ‬ᆒȂᒑ‫ޟܒݶ‬Ιᆒџ֜ߣ‫ݶ‬ԯȂ ՄᒑЫ‫ޟܒ‬Ιᆒџᓍ๿Ыࢺᡱ‫ݶ‬ԯಳᚔ՘‫ߒސ‬७Ȃႀ‫఼ڗ‬ዓਝ‫ݎ‬Ȅ Ѫ ߲‫ٹ‬жЄ

ўԴন౩

޵ծ ֗ߏᢉᇯ

Ѳȃॵ‫ސ‬ᡶᇧᇄ߳Ԇ ନȈоЫ‫ݎ‬ȃጊ᜸‫ڏܖ‬т֤ᐦ઱‫ܖ‬ᑥϷ‫ޟ‬ේ‫࣏ސ‬নਟȂငีሕᡶ അՄԙȄᡶഅႆแሯႤ๘੊੉Ȃоջନᆠೝ੊Ͻԙ᎗ሖȂႆแԃήȈ ॵ‫ސ‬ᡶᇧ

ိຉᑥ

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Κ᎕ɮΠ੊ϽᆇȄ

᎗Ȉᡶ᎗‫ޟ‬নਟ࣏ጊ‫ܖސ‬Ы‫ݎ‬Ȃӑีሕԙନ᜸ȂӔင᎗ሖ຃‫ޟ‬་ϽȂ ‫ٺ‬ନᆠӵԤ੊‫ޟ‬ᕗცή੊ϽՄԙȂႆแԃήȈ Κ᎕ɮ੊

᎗ሖ຃

᎗ሖɮЫȄ

಑ΤണȁԤᐠϽӫ‫ ސ‬67

ୁᕍ‫ݲ‬Ȉ஠ॵ‫ސ‬ಳЫȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ёᢄȃᑥ‫ܖ‬᎗‫پ‬᎘ᇧॵ‫ސ‬Ȅ ճྣվঝ‫ݲ‬Ȉџ‫ڙ׻‬ཌҡ‫ސ‬ᖅ෥Ȃо෵ጥॵ‫ސ‬ᡐ፴Ȅ ߳ԆП‫ݲ‬

ଽྣమ຃‫ݲ‬Ȉо 100ʨ‫؁ܖ‬ଽ‫࡙ྣޟ‬మԫཌҡ‫ސ‬ȃકᚽሕશȂ‫ॵٺ‬ ࠢԙ࣏ฒ຃‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ ճྣమ຃‫ݲ‬Ȉ஠ॵࠢӵ 62ʨʂ 65ʨᕗცήёዥ 30 ϷមȂоమԫ ੾ন຃‫ڷ‬કᚽሕશȂӰϚ૖‫ׇ‬Ӓྞ຃Ȃ҆໸ᓽԆӵ 5ʨоή‫ޟ‬ᕗცȄ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ ΙȃԼ࿼Ⴄ๘ު੉‫ڧ‬ዥ௑‫ל‬ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

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‫ڍڥ‬ЛԼ࿼о᎟ᆙા௢ѓȂΙᆒ ᄧଔ஝ࡌȂ‫ٺ‬᎟ᆙાᆧຮ࿼υȂ ѪΙᆒϚ҆஝ࡌȄ‫ܪ‬ю៩ю‫ޟ‬Ι ЛԼ࿼‫ޢ‬௥ӵު੉ϛоନᆠᐷё ዥᐽᐶȂᢎᄆ‫ڏ‬ᐽᐶ௑‫ל‬Ȅ

Π

о‫ۂ‬൤႒ֶ‫ڥ‬ѓԁ‫ޟ‬᎟ᆙ௢Ȃည ܻନᆠᐷЬฑΰёዥȂ‫ٮ‬ጥጥಋ ଢ଼Ȃ‫ٺ‬᎟ᆙ௢‫ؐޟ‬এഋϷ֯Ϻ‫ڧ‬ ዥȄ

࿋Ԥᐨྭ௃᎟ᆙުሪ೎ࠃюਢȂ ؏

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ҢЬ਼ᘈᐽ‫ܖ‬஠ࠃྭ೎ಋՍନᆠ ᐷЬฑΰȂᢎᄆࠃю‫ޟ‬ᐨྭ࢐֏ џᐽȄ

Ѳ

҈໠վࠓࡣ‫ޟ‬᎟ᆙ௢Ȃᢎᄆёዥ ࡣ‫ޟ‬෤੼‫ސ‬ȂӔоዘྡᙢՓүᑼ ၐાᔮᡛ෤੼శᡝ‫ޟ‬ሖᢃ‫ܒ‬Ȅ

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68 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ұȁཎȁყ

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

੉ᡝ౰‫ސ‬Ȉџᐽ‫ ޟ‬COȃCH4ȃH2 ЅϚџᐽ‫ ޟ‬CO2Ȅ శᡝ౰‫ސ‬Ȉ༃Փ‫ޟ‬ฐ‫ݶ‬Ѕ᎗ሖȞџ‫ٺ‬ᙢՓүᑼၐાᡐऔȟȄ ‫ھ‬ᄘ౰‫ސ‬Ȉ੼ή༃Փ‫ޟ‬У࣓ȞᆇȟȄ ᜌ݂ԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬кौϯશ࣏ᆇȄ

Πȃ޳‫ޟغ‬ᇧհ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

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Ι

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Ұȁཎȁყ

ӵᇑีҫϛܹΣ྄υ‫ ݶ‬10 mL Ѕ ఱ੊Ͻ໘Ыྙశ 10 mLȂ஠‫ڏ‬ᡁ ‫֯ܝ‬ϺȄषᡁ‫ܝ‬ႆแϛȂ‫્ݶ‬Ϛ ܾྙ၌ਢȂџӔёΣନᆠ 5 mL оёഀྙ၌Ȅ

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Ι७ёዥȂΙ७ࡻ៉ᡁ‫ܝ‬Ȃ‫ڗޢ‬ ྙ శ ᆸ Ϛ ‫ ڗ‬ନ ᆠ ੉ ‫ ࣏ ڨ‬ХȂ Մ ࡣёΣᇑᚤЫ 20 mLȂᡁ‫֯ܝ‬Ϻ ࡣȂୄХёዥȄ

έ

Ң‫ۂ‬൤႒ֶ‫ڥ‬ᇑีҫȂ஠ᇑีҫ ϛ‫ྙޟ‬శইΣ၆Ԥ 100 mL Ⴙ‫ڷ‬ ॵᢄЫ‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂ‫ٮ‬Ι७ᡁ‫ܝ‬Ȃ ӒഋইΣࡣȂࡻ៉ᡁ‫ܝ‬घ 30 ऌȂ ՄࡣᓗညȄ

Ѳ

ჸ۶঴ᣃѪ

ցҢᘮᆩ‫ڥ‬юਗ਼ӵΰ ७ ‫ ޟ‬ҡ ԙ ‫ސ‬Ȃ։࢐޳‫غ‬Ȅ ‫ڥ‬Ѝ೨޳‫غ‬ёΣ၆Ԥ 50 mL ᇑᚤ Ы‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂшϷᡁ‫ࡣܝ‬Ȃо࣠

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

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ይ෕‫ڥݮ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱྙశȂϷտᅎӵ ᙢՓȃऔՓүᑼၐાΰȂᢎᄆ‫ڏ‬ ᚟ՓᡐϽȄ ஠ 3 ᅎʂ 4 ᅎؓ‫ݶܜ‬ᅎΣ၆Ԥᇑ ᚤЫ‫ޟ‬ၐᆓϛȂёΣЍ೨޳‫غ‬Ȃ ш Ϸ ཮ ਥ ࡣȂ ᢎ ᄆ ё Σ ޳ ‫ࠉ غ‬ ࡣȂၐᆓϱ‫ྙޟ‬శԤդᡐϽȄ

಑ΤണȁԤᐠϽӫ‫ ސ‬69

ᇧհю‫࣏غ޳ޟ‬ᢃ‫ܒ‬ȂऔՓүᑼၐા֕౪ᙢՓȄ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

ёΣ޳‫ࠉغ‬Ȃ‫ݶ‬ЫϷᚔȂ‫ޱڍ‬ϚྙȄ ёΣ޳‫ࡣغ‬Ȃ޳‫غ‬஠‫ٰݶ‬ϽȂᇄЫ౰ҡϣྙ౪ຫȄ ᢄ‫ݲݙ‬Ȉ‫غ‬Ͻ౰‫ސ‬ইΣႹ‫ॵڷ‬ᢄЫࡣȂҠ‫ྙོݶ‬၌Մ޳‫ོغ‬ΰਗ਼Ȅ

ོՃᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ࢚ԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬Ҧӵު੉ϛᐽᐶ‫ޟ‬ІᔖԒȈҦɮ O2 ʖΚɮеȂ‫ڏ‬ϛΚོഅԙዐ ఼үԸЫᡐԙ౅ᐪȂеོᡱ෩Ͻ‫ٳ‬႑ၐાᡐԙ઱औՓȂ፜୰‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Κȃе ౰‫ސ‬Ϸտ࢐ϧቄȉ ņᆇ‫ڷ‬ఱ੉ȁȁŇΠ੊Ͻᆇ‫ڷ‬Ы ň੊੉‫ڷ‬ᆇȁȁʼnΠ੊Ͻᆇ‫ڷ‬ఱ੉ )!̍!* 2. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂҦϽӫ‫ސ‬ϛџоጂ֤ۡԤ঺‫ٲ‬ϯશȉ ņ OȃHȁȁŇ CȃHȃOȁȁň CȃHȁȁʼn CȃO

2. CȄ౰‫ސ‬Ԥ CO2ȂࠌҦϛ֤҆ CȂ౰‫ސ‬Ԥ H2OȂࠌҦϛ֤҆ HȂծϚጂۡҦ‫ސ‬ϛ࢐֏Ԥ੊Ȅ

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 3. ʂ 4. ᚠȈ #

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Ⴈ

Đ Ɣ Ǭ ϯ ɢ

ყņ࢐‫ٺ‬ҢΙࢲਢ໢‫ޟ‬ҟ඼ᓁ౭Ȃ‫ڏ‬ϛᐽਟघ഻ΙјȂყŇ࣏௥Јณ੉‫ޟ‬ҟ඼ ᝥȂ፜րᘞ‫ޱڍ‬Ԥդ৯౴‫ܒ‬Ȅ )!̌!* 3. ყ (A) ᇄყ (B) ϛҦȃΚȃеȃΛѲᘈ঺‫ٲ‬՝ညᐽਟ‫ޑ‬ᄘ࣏੉ᄘȉ ņҦΚеȁȁŇҦеΛȁȁňΛȁȁʼnҦΛ 3. BȄҟ඼ϛҢ௬ΙјȂ‫ܚ‬оҦȃе഍࢐੉ᄘȂЈณ੉ᆓၯϛҏ‫پ‬൷࢐੉ᄘᐽਟȄ

)!̋!* 4. ҟ඼ᓁ౭ЅЈณ੉ᆓၯϛ‫੉ޟ‬ᔆᇄσ੉ᔆΨࣺШၶ๖‫ݎ‬ԃդȉ ņ‫੉ޱڍ‬ᔆ഍Шσ੉ᔆΨσ Ň‫੉ޱڍ‬ᔆ഍Шσ੉ᔆΨω ňᓁ౭ϛ੉ᔆσܻσ੉ᔆΨȂЈณ੉ᆓϛ੉ᔆωܻσ੉ᔆΨ ʼnᓁ౭ϛ੉ᔆωܻσ੉ᔆΨȂЈณ੉ᆓϛ੉ᔆσܻσ੉ᔆΨ 4. AȄ‫੉ޱڍ‬ᔆ഍҆σܻσ੉ᔆΨȂԃԪᐽਟϗ૖ቢю‫ٺ‬ҢȄ

70 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

)!̋!* 5. ԃήყȂ౪Ԥ 3 ᆍԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬Ϸυ๖ᄺყȂࠌήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ

ņ߳ցᆯ‫ޟ‬ᄺഅџ૖࢐Ҧყ ňҦ‫ސޟ‬፴ёዥϚܾᅧϽᡐ‫ל‬

Ňе‫ސޟ‬፴ёዥϚܾᅧϽᡐ‫ל‬ ʼnΚ‫ސޟ‬፴ܾܻԝӱӔᇧԙ‫ڏ‬т‫ٺپࠢސ‬Ң

5. AȄҦȃе࣏ዥ༭‫ܒ‬ȂΚ࣏ᆩ‫ޑ‬๖ᄺ࣏ዥ‫ܒھ‬ȂϚܾӱԝ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ

)!̎!* 6. Ҧ‫ސ‬፴࢐ΙᆍᆇఱϽӫ‫ސ‬Ȃலྣਢ࣏ฒՓ‫ޟ‬శᡝȂ‫ڎ‬Ԥ੫੆‫ڨ੉ޟ‬иᜲྙܻ ЫȂ࢐ᇧഅ༯ਟȃᘇ๿ᏘᇄࡾҦ‫ݶ‬ਢலҢ‫ྙޟ‬ᏘȂߝ෈௥ញџ૖ོᄇડင‫ف‬ ಛഅԙ༌৛Ȅਲ਼ᐃΰक़ȂҦ‫ސ‬፴ശџ૖࣏ήӖ঺Ι᜸ԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬ȉ ņሖ᜸ȁȁŇ᎕᜸ȁȁň∤᜸ȁȁʼn⢅᜸ 6. DȄȶฒՓ‫ޟ‬శᡝȂ‫ڎ‬Ԥ੫੆‫ڨ੉ޟ‬иᜲྙܻЫȷࣱ࣏⢅᜸‫ܒޟ‬፴Ȅ

)!̌!* 7. ‫ڥؾؾ‬Ϛӣ‫ސޟ‬፴Ȃ‫ٷ‬ήӖࢺแ໌՗ᄂᡛ‫ٮ‬ᢎᄆ๖‫ݎ‬Ȉ

ྥരσωᎌ ࿋‫ޟ‬᎟ᆙ

!

ʖ

஠ၐᡛ‫ސޟ‬ ፴ညܻ᎟ᆙ ϛЖ

ʖ

Ң᎟ᆙ஠ၐ ᡛ‫ސޟ‬፴ѓ ᇥ ଔ ‫پ‬Ȃ ѫ ੼Ιωᖁሪ

ʖ

஠ᖁሪ෉ΰ ȂҢ១ֶ​ֶ ՞ ᎟ ᆙ ѓȂ ёዥ‫ۻڏ‬ഋ 5 Ϸ ម ‫پ‬Ȃ ѫ੼Ιωᖁ ሪ

ʖ

ёዥኵϷម ࡣ҈໠᎟ᆙ

ࠌήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂ @ ņᄂᡛϛ᎟ᆙ੼Ιωᖁ࢐࣏Οᡱު੉໌Σ ŇषϷտ‫׽‬оनෛ઱ЅУৣ໌՗ᄂᡛȂ๖‫ོࣺݎ‬խ ňоУৣᄂᡛਢȂωЌࠃю‫ސޟ‬፴ܾྙܻЫ ʼnоॵᢄᄂᡛਢȂωЌࠃю‫ސޟ‬፴џоᐽᐶ

7. BȄņ࣏ΟᡱྭࠃюȂŇ‫ࣱ࣏ޱڍ‬ԤᐠϽӫ‫ސ‬ȂňωЌࠃю‫ސޟ‬፴џоᐽᐶȂʼnॵᢄߨԤᐠ‫ސ‬Ȅ

)!̎!* 8. ԃήყ࣏ўԯհҢ‫؏ޟ‬᡽ҰཎყȂ፜୰౰ҡᇄήყϛ‫ސ‬፴Ҧࣺӣђ૖‫ޟ‬౰‫ސ‬ ਢȂ࢐֏ौёΣ་ϽᏘȉ ˀΘ঱

΁ն

ˀΘ঱

ˀΘ঱

Ѕᩔ

ˀΘ঱ાɌ njġ

ˀΘ঱ᒪɌ njġ΁նĀЅᩔġ

dzЅᩔɬ͹ ΁ն

ņौёΣΠ੊Ͻᒾ࿋་ϽᏘȁȁŇौёΣᐨಅሖᒾ࿋་ϽᏘȁȁ ňौёΣନᆠ࿋་ϽᏘȁȁȁȁʼnϚሯौёΣ་ϽᏘ 8. DȄ‫غ‬ϽІᔖёΣନᆠ࢐ᡱІᔖ֯ϺȂϚ࢐་ϽᏘȄ

)!̎!* 9. ωᐠҢУ࣓੦ՈਢȂϚབ஠‫્ݶ‬ᅎ‫ڗ‬У࣓‫ޟ‬ԸᝥϛȞ૩УԸάӪ૩ᢃȟȂ้ ੦Ո‫ׇ‬тҢЫዔᅫУ࣓ਢȂีឈᅎ‫ޟ્ݶڗ‬Ըᝥ೎౰ҡΙ‫ݱݾٲ‬ȂҢЙࡾᄥ ᗙԤྤᑶཐȂ፜୰࢐౰ҡήӖդᆍ‫ސ‬፴ȉ ņ᎕᜸ȁȁŇԤᐠሖȁȁň⢅᜸ȁȁʼn޳‫غ‬ 9. DȄ‫્ݶ‬ɮᢃ‫ސܒ‬፴Ȟ૩ᢃȟ౰ҡ‫غ‬ϽІᔖȂҡԙ޳‫غ‬Ȅ

಑ΤണȁԤᐠϽӫ‫ ސ‬71

಑

Ξ

Ψ ‫ޟ‬ ϛ ҡࣀ

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ġΨᇄᔆΨ ᄂȁᡛ ġ‫ސ‬ᡝӵశᡝϛ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψ

१ᘈ

IJ

ΨᇄᔆΨ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃΨ‫ޟ‬ᇯᜋ

ۡ

ဎ

Ψ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖѓ֤‫ސٺ‬ᡝ‫׽ޑל‬ᡐ‫ܖ‬ၼଢ଼‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫׽‬ᡐȄ Ԥ‫ٲ‬ΨհҢਢȂ҆໸ᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝ௥ញϗ૖౰ҡΨ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖȂᆎ࣏௥ញΨȄ Ԥ‫ٲ‬ΨհҢਢȂϚ໸ᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝ௥ញ൷૖౰ҡΨ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖȂᆎ࣏ߨ௥ញ Ψ‫຺ܖ‬ຽΨȄ Ι‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ڧܚ‬Ӵ౨ЕΨ‫ޟ‬σωᆎ࣏१ΨȞ१໔ȟȂоϴО१Ȟkgwȟ

൐

՝

ȃϴպ१Ȟgwȟ࣏൐՝Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈ፴໔ 1 ϴОȞ‫ ܖ‬1 ϴպȟ‫ސޟ‬ᡝȂ ӵӴ౨ߒ७‫ڗڧ‬Ӵ౨ЕΨ‫ޟ‬σωȂ࣏ 1 ϴО१Ȟ‫ ܖ‬1 ϴպ१ȟȄ

Πȃߏպۡࡡ

ন

౩

࿋ኆᙋήᆒё௮‫ޟ‬ઔጆཕӻȂ։ኆᙋ‫ڧ‬ΨཕσȂኆᙋ‫ޟ‬ժߝ໔ζ ཕσȂߒҰኆᙋ‫ޟڧܚ‬ѴΨᇄժߝ໔ԙғШ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȅ ‫ڥ‬ήઔጆࡣϚ૖࡮ඈনߝȂ‫ל‬ԙҗδ‫ל‬ᡐȂժߝ໔ᇄѴΨ߯ϚӔ ‫ڎ‬ԤғШ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ȂԪྃ३ժߝ໔ᆎ࣏ኆᙋ‫ޟ‬ኆ‫ܒ‬३࡙Ȅ ֩ ࠜ ĵ ༓ Ĵ ĩŤŮĪ

Ұ

ཎ

ყ

֩ ࠜ ĵ ༓ Ĵ ĩŤŮĪ

ȁȁ

ij

IJ

IJ ı

ij

IJı ijı Ĵı ĵı

ҳϧĩŨŸĪ

ı

ő ዅ‫ݑ‬ন࢘ IJıı ijıı Ĵıı ĵıı

ҳϧĩŨŸĪ

಑Ξണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ψ 73

έȃኞᔢΨ ۡ

ဎ

Ԇӵܻ‫ڍ‬௥ញ७໢ȂߢХ‫ސ‬ᡝၼଢ଼‫ޟ‬ΨȂ‫ڏ‬ПөᇄѴΨПөࣺІȂ Ыҁ‫ܜ‬У༵ȂӵУ༵Ґೝ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ࠉȂУ༵‫ڧܚ‬ӫΨ࣏ႭȄ У༵‫ڷ‬௥ញ७Ϟ໢‫ޟ‬ኞᔢΨȂᇄ‫ܜ‬Ψσω ้ࣺȃПөࣺІȂംᅚቨё‫ܜ‬Ψ࿋຺ႆ࢚ Ιۡ঄ਢȂУ༵൷ོ໠ۖಋଢ଼Ȃಋଢ଼ᕡ໢

‫ܚ‬պ݈‫ޟ‬ኞᔢΨᆎ࣏ശσᓗኞᔢΨȄ У༵ΰёܹઔጆȂઔጆཕӻȂғөΨཕσȂ ᓗኞᔢΨ ശσᓗኞᔢΨཕσȂ‫ޱڍ‬ԙғШᜰ߽Ȅ ࿋ܹӵϚӣ‫ܒ‬፴௥ញ७ΰਢȂ௥ញ७‫ܒޟ‬ ፴ོኇ៪ശσᓗኞᔢΨ‫ޟ‬σωȄ ௥ញ७‫ܒ‬፴ΙۡਢȂ‫׽‬ᡐ௥ញ७ᑖ‫ޟ‬σωȂ ‫ٮ‬Ϛኇ៪ശσᓗኞᔢΨ‫ޟ‬σωȄ У༵ೝ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ࡣȂषଶўѴΨȂУོ༵ംᅚ ୄή‫پ‬ȂߒҰၼଢ଼ϛ‫ސޟ‬ᡝᇄ௥ញ७໢ϫ ଢ଼ኞᔢΨ ԤኞᔢΨԆӵȄ ଢ଼ኞᔢΨ࣏Ιۡ঄ȂϚ‫ڧ‬ѴΨσωȃၼଢ଼ ‫פ‬ᄚኇ៪ȂиШശσᓗኞᔢΨωȄ

൵ Ђ ᔖ ዝ ᕡ ϧ ĩŨŸĪ ӒԨ֯ӡϧĩŨŸĪ ዝ ᕡ ϧ

ҳϧ

ѲȃᔆΨ

ۡ

‫ސ‬ᡝӵ൐՝७ᑖΰ‫ޢ࠭ޟڗڧ‬ПөհҢΨȂۡဎ࣏Ԫߒ७ΰ‫ڧܚ‬ ‫ޟڗ‬ᔆΨȞPȟȄ ੕ᆭ‫ڧ‬Ψ‫ޟ‬эഞแ࡙фߒ੕ᆭ‫ޟڗڧ‬ᔆΨσωȄ ဎ ष‫ސ‬ᡝӵ௥ញ७࠭‫ޢ‬Пөΰ‫ޟڧܚ‬հҢΨ࣏ FȂ‫ڧ‬Ψ७ᑖσω࣏ AȂࠌ‫ٷ‬ᐃᔆΨۡဎȈ ࠭‫ޢ‬Пө‫ޟ‬հҢΨ F ᔆΨɶ Ȃ։ P ɶ Ȅ ‫ڧ‬Ψ७ᑖ A

ӵᓗХశᡝϱഋȂӰ࣏ΰቹశᡝ‫ޟ‬१໔հҢ‫לܚ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬ᔆΨȂᆎ࣏ శᡝᔆΨȄ ୅೩ A ࣏П‫ל‬ৠᏢ‫ۻޟ‬७ᑖȞcm2ȟȂh ࣏శᡝ‫࡙౏ޟ‬ȞcmȟȂD శᡝᔆΨ ࣏ؐҳПϴϷశᡝ‫ޟ‬१໔Ȟgw/cm3ȟȂࠌৠᏢϱశᡝ१໔џߒҰ ࣏ AhDȞgwȟȇ‫ٷ‬ᐃᔆΨۡဎȂৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋ‫ޟڧܛܚ‬శᡝᔆΨσω࣏Ȉ AhD F ɶ hDȄ Pɶ ɶ A A

74 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

σ੉‫ޟ‬१໔ᔆӵ‫ސ‬ᡝߒ७‫לܚ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬ᔆΨȂᆎ࣏σ੉ᔆΨȂଽ࡙ཕ σ੉ᔆΨ

ଽȂ੉ᔆཕσȄ 1 atm ɶ 76 cm-Hg ɶ 760 mm-Hg ɶ 76 cmɰ13.6 gw » cm3 ȁȁȁȁ

ɶ 1033.6 gw » cm2 ɶ 1.0336 kgw » cm2

Ϥȃ೿೽ᆓন౩ᇄᔖҢ ѫौ࢐‫ۻ‬ഋࣺ೿‫ޟ‬ৠᏢȂ௃ӈդΙ এৠᏢΰПইΣశᡝȂ࿋శᡝᓗХ ন

ਢȂོี౪Ϛ፣ৠᏢ‫ޑלޟ‬ȃσω ౩ ᇄಗಠԃդȂӨৠᏢ‫ޟ‬శ७഍ᆰࡻ ӵӣΙএЫҁ७ΰȂ೻এ౪ຫᆎ࣏ ೿೽ᆓন౩ȇՄ‫ۻ‬ഋࣺ೽‫ޟ‬၆ညȂ ᆎ࣏೿೽ᆓȄ

ᔖ

ড়ϛலҢ‫ޟ‬ዥЫ౭ȂѴ୏ԤΙആ݂ຜๅȂցҢ೿೽ᆓন౩Ȃџо Ϛ҆໠ᇐ։‫ޣ‬౭ϛЫ՝Ȅ Ң ࠲ѿ‫ޟ‬Ռ‫پ‬Ы‫ټ‬ᔖ‫ف‬ಛ஠ᓽЫԱ೩ӵଽ೎ȂցҢ೿೽ᆓন౩Ȃ‫װ‬ ЫଚՍӨҢИড়ϛȄ

ϲȃ۴඼њন౩ᇄᔖҢ

ন

ӵ஝ഖৠᏢϱ‫ޟ‬శᡝȂ࢚೎‫ڗڧ‬ ᔆΨհҢਢȂԪᔆΨོоࣺӣσ ω༈‫ڗ‬ৠᏢ‫ڷ‬శᡝ‫ڏޟ‬тഋϷȄ шᅖశᡝи‫ۻ‬ഋࣺ೽‫ڍޟ‬஝ഖৠ ᏢȂ‫ڏ‬ϛҦࣀ༬‫ޟ‬ᄠ७ᑖၶωȂ षӵҦࣀ༬ࢊΨήᔆȂ‫ٺ‬ᔆΨቨ ౩ ё ͂PȂਲ਼ᐃ۴඼њন౩ȂԪቨё ‫ޟ‬ᔆΨོ༈ሎ‫ڗ‬Κࣀ༬೎Ȃσω һ࣏ ͂PȄ

٠‫ۖۦژ‬Ԩϯ෩пߞϧ

ࣉϧԨϭ ࣿ ཫ ϙ

F ȂΚࣀ༬ᄠ७ᑖၶσȂ A հҢ‫ڏ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬ΨζၶσȂΚࣀ༬ΰ џоЛኤၶ१‫ސޟ‬ᡝȄ

ࣿ ཫ ӥ ͂ő ౵ᢜ

͂ő

Ӱ ͂P ɶ

ᔖ

Ң శᔆЀ६ᐠȃ‫ݶ‬ᔆྷٙȃ‫ء‬ٙҢ‫ޟ‬νОഥ้Ȅ

಑Ξണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ψ 75

Μȃਗ਼Ψ

ۡ

ဎ

‫ސ‬ᡝӵЫϛ‫ܖ‬ӵᢄЫϛȂ෵ሆ‫ޟ‬१໔้ܻ௶໠Ы‫ܖ‬ᢄЫ‫ޟ‬१໔Ȅ ਗ਼Ψɶ‫ސ‬ᡝӵశᡝϛ‫ܚ‬෵ሆ‫ޟ‬१໔ɶೝ௶໠‫ޟ‬శᡝ१໔Ȅ ߒҰ࣏ B ɶ VɰDȄ ࿋‫ސ‬ᡝ஝࡙ωܻ‫้ܻܖ‬శᡝ஝࡙ਢȂᆎ࣏ਗ਼ᡝȂԪਢ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟڧܚ‬ ਗ਼Ψ้ܻ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬१໔Ȃ։ਗ਼ᡝӵశᡝϛ‫ޟ‬१໔࣏ႭȄ ࿋‫ސ‬ᡝ஝࡙σܻశᡝ஝࡙ਢȂᆎ࣏‫ؖ‬ᡝȂԪਢ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψω ܻ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬१໔Ȅ +

+

Bӳ

Bӳ Bӳ

Ϛӣ௑‫ݷ‬ή ‫ ؖ‬ਗ਼ ‫ ޑ‬ᄘ

Wӳ

Wӳ

Wӳ

ᚘೖ‫ؖ‬Ս‫ۻ‬ഋ

࿋ॵᢄЫᇄᚘೖ஝࡙ ࣺӣਢȂᚘೖџᓗХ ܻశ७ήӈդ՝ညȄ

࿋ॵᢄЫ஝࡙σܻᚘ ೖ‫ޟ‬஝࡙ਢȂᚘೖོ ਗ਼ܻశ७Ȅ

ਗ਼Ψɴ‫ސ‬१

ਗ਼Ψɶ‫ސ‬१

ਗ਼Ψɶ‫ސ‬१

76 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃ‫ސ‬ᡝӵశᡝϛ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

ӑก໔༭ጲ༫ํ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖȂԪᡝᑖ։࣏༭ጲ༫ ؏

᡽

Ι

ํ‫ޟ‬ৠᑖȂζ࢐ߜ឴༫࢘ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖȄӔ஠༫ ํᇄ༫࢘ᡝ᝚௮ܻኆᙋથήᆒȂ଄ᓃኆᙋથ

9

ΰ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ W0Ȅ

؏

᡽

Π

ᐶ‫ݔ‬౾ЫघΤϷᅖȂ‫ٺ‬༫࢘ᡝ‫ޟ‬Ιј‫ؠ‬ΣЫ ϛȂ଄ᓃኆᙋથΰ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ WȂоЅ༫࢘ᡝ௶ ໠Ы‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ VȄӔॎᆗኆᙋથΰ‫ޟ‬৯঄Ȃ։ W0 ɯ WȂζ൷࢐Ԫਢ༫࢘ᡝ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨȂ

9

‫ٮ‬଄ᓃϞȄ

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

έ

Ѳ

ӵ༫ํϱ‫ݧ‬ΣΙј‫ޟ‬ЫȞ։հ଄ဴ೎ȟȂ଄ ᓃኆᙋથΰ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ WȂоЅ༫࢘ᡝ௶໠Ы‫ޟ‬ ᡝᑖ VȂӔॎᆗ W0 ɯ WȂ‫ٮ‬଄ᓃϞȄ

஠༫ํϱ‫ޟ‬Ыই௬ȂӔ‫ٺ‬༫࢘ᡝতԁ‫ׇ‬Ӓ‫ؠ‬ ΣЫϛȂ଄ᓃኆᙋથΰ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ WȂоЅ༫࢘ ᡝ௶໠Ы‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ VȂӔॎᆗ W0 ɯ WȂζ൷

W

W

࢐Ԫਢ༫࢘ᡝ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨȂ‫ٮ‬଄ᓃϞȄ

؏

᡽

Ϥ

஠ӵ༭ጲ༫ํϱ‫ݧ‬ᅖЫȂ଄ᓃኆᙋથΰ‫ޟ‬᠞ ኵ WȂоЅ༫࢘ᡝ௶໠Ы‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ VȂӔॎᆗ

W

W0 ɯ WȂ‫ٮ‬଄ᓃϞȄ

؏

᡽

ϲ

஠༫ํϱ‫ޟ‬Ыই௬ȂӔ஠༫࢘ᡝ‫ؠ‬ΣЫϛၶ ౏೎Ȟ‫ݧ‬ཎȈϚौញЅ‫ۻݔ‬ȟȂ଄ᓃԪਢኆ

W

ᙋથΰ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ WȂоЅ༫࢘ᡝ௶໠Ы‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ VȂӔॎᆗ W0 ɯ WȂ‫ٮ‬଄ᓃϞȄ

಑Ξണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ψ 77

ӵశᡝϛ௶໠శᡝ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖཕσȂ෵ሆ‫ޟ‬१໔൷ཕσȇ։௶໠శᡝ ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖཕσȂ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨཕσȄ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

࿋‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ׇ‬Ӓ‫ؠ‬ΣశᡝࡣȂ‫ؠ‬Σశᡝϛ‫ޟ‬ᡝᑖ߳ࡻΙۡȂ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ڧܚ‬ ‫ޟ‬ਗ਼Ψζ‫ۡھ‬ȂӰԪȂ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψᇄ‫ڏ‬ӵశᡝϛ‫࡙౏ޟ‬ฒᜰȄ ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ؠ‬Σ஝࡙ཕσ‫ޟ‬శᡝϛȂ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨζཕσȂ࢈శᡝ‫ޟ‬஝࡙ ኇ៪‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨȄ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̋!* 1. ԤΙএо஝࡙࣏ 0.9 g ʝ cm3 ‫ޟ‬؅፴ᇧԙϞৠᏢҦȂ஠‫ڏ‬ညΣ ѪΙ౾ЫৠᏢϛȂৠᏢҦོਗ਼ӵЫ७ΰȂԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄषҢЙ

঱

‫׭‬՞ৠᏢҦȂ‫ٮ‬ӵৠᏢҦϱইᅖЫȂភܹϞȂ࡟ᓗХҁᒋࡣȂ ৠᏢҦ‫ޟ‬ਗ਼‫ؖ‬௑‫ל‬ശџ૖࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ

Ň

঱

ň ঱

ȁȁ

ʼn

ȁȁ

ȁȁ

঱

঱ nj

nj

nj

nj

nj

1. AȄӑо B ᒵ໶‫ޟ‬௑‫پל‬ՃኌȂԪਢਗ਼Ψσܻ१ΨȂ‫ܚ‬оശࡣᔖ࢐ A ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȄ

)!̌!* 2. ӵРலҡࣀϛȂ‫ר‬ঈџ፡ᇧᎌ࿋ᐨ࡙‫ॵޟ‬ᢄЫ஠ᚘೖ ୈϷ઻೎౩Ȅᅴಝ஠ҦȃΚȃеȃΛᚘೖ‫׹‬Σင፡ᇧ ႆ‫֯ޟ‬ϺॵᢄЫϛȂҁᒋࡣȂᚘೖᓗညܻᢄЫϛ‫ޟ‬՝ ညԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂϐ‫ޣ‬ҦΚ१໔ࣺӣȂеΛᡝᑖࣺӣȂи еΛ‫ڍ‬ೖӵৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋȂᚘೖ‫ޟڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ ҦɴΚ Ň ҦɶΚ ň еɵΛ

঱ η॰nj

Ⴈ ᢅ

ʼn Λɵе 2. BȄϐ‫ޣ‬ҦΚ१໔ࣺӣи഍ΰਗ਼Ȃ‫ܚ‬оਗ਼Ψ഍้ܻ१໔ȄеΛ௶໠้໔‫ޟ‬ЫȂਗ਼ΨࣺӣȄ

)!̎!* 3. ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂΙғҳПᡝУ༵Ȃ஝࡙࣏ 0.7 g ʝ cm3Ȃညܻ ၆Ԥ 500 mL Ы‫࣠ޟ‬ይ‫ݔ‬ϛȂԪਢУ༵ᓗХਗ਼ܻЫ७Ȃ षӵԪ࣠ይ‫ݔ‬ϛȂӔёΣ 500 mL ‫ݶޟ‬Ȃี౪శ७ΰЀȂ ծУ༵ϫᓗХȄϐ‫ݶޣ‬ᇄЫϣϚࣺྙȂи‫ޟݶ‬஝࡙࣏ 0.6

O.Ѕ

g ʝ cm3ȂࠌᜰܻёΣ‫ޟࡣࠉݶ‬ᡐϽȂശࡣ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬оդყ ശԤџ૖ȉήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ

Ň ȁȁ

O.nj

ň ȁȁ

ʼn ȁȁ

3. DȄӰ࣏ΰПԤ‫ޟݶ‬ᔆΨȂ‫ܚ‬оУོ༵ШҐё‫ݶ‬ਢή‫ؖ‬Ι‫ٲ‬Ȅ

78 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ࣼ

)!̋!* 4. ωဤӵኆᙋથ‫ޟ‬ΙᆒဇΙ‫ސ‬ᡝȂи‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬஝࡙σܻЫȄ஠Ԫ‫ސ‬ᡝ ညܻᚔৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋ h0 ‫ޟ‬ଽ࡙ȂषࢊΙΨ F ܻኆᙋથȂ஠‫้ڏ‬ഀи ጥᄚ‫ܜ‬юЫ७Ȃᐌএ၆ညညܻጁથΰȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄࠌήӖᜰܻ

(

ࢊΨ F Ѕ‫ސ‬ᡝຽৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔ h Ϟᜰ߽ყȂդ‫ޱ‬ശᎌ࿋ȉ Ň(

ņ( ȁȁ ň

J

(

ʼn

J

(

4. AȄࠉࢲȈ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ۦ‬Ґ៩юЫ७Ȃ ϛࢲȈ‫ސ‬ᡝೝ‫ܜ‬юЫ७‫ޟ‬ႆแȂ ࡣࢲȈ‫ސ‬ᡝϐ‫ׇ‬Ӓೝ‫ܜ‬ᚔЫ७Ȅ

ȁȁ J

J

J !

)!̋!* 5. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂήӖᜰܻጁથ᠞ኵ w Ѕ‫ސ‬ᡝຽৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔ h Ϟᜰ߽ყȂդ‫ޱ‬ശ ᎌ࿋ȉ ņY

ŇY

ňY

ȁȁ J

ʼnY

ȁȁ J

ȁȁ J

J

5. AȄF ɮ w ɶۡ঄ȂF ෵Ѝࠌ w ቨёȄ

)!̌!* 6. έࣺӣУ༵‫ڧ‬ӣσωծϚӣПө‫ޟ‬ΨհҢȂԃήყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂषέ‫ޱ‬഍Ϛଢ଼Ȃࠌ ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ڧܚ‬ኞᔢΨШၶ࣏դȉ ( 삵 9 ঱

(

9 Ⴈ

삵 (

9 ᢅ

ņеɵҦɶΚ ŇҦɵΚɶе ňеɵҦɵΚ ʼnΚɵҦɵе 6. BȄ‫ސ‬ᡝϚଢ଼ȂኞᔢΨɶЫҁհҢΨȂ࢈ҦɵΚɶеȄ

)!̌!* 7. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂषЫҁ७ӎྤแ࡙ϚӣȂиέ‫ސ‬ᡝ഍้ഀಋଢ଼Ȃࠌ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ڧܚ‬ኞᔢΨ Шၶ࣏դȉ ņеɵҦɶΚ ŇҦɵΚɶе ňеɵҦɵΚ ʼnΚɵҦɵе 7. BȄ้ഀȂኞᔢΨɶЫҁϷΨȂҦɵΚɶеȄ

಑Ξണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ψ 79

)!̌!* 8. ԃѡყȂਹ७ΰԤέএ१໔ࣺӣȂծ‫ۻ‬७ᑖϚӣ‫ޟ‬ ৠᏢȂܹΣࣺӣ‫࣠ޟ‬ይੵࡣȂӔইΣ้໔‫ޟ‬ЫȞЫ ࣱҐྖюȟȂоήఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ࣠ይੵ‫ޟڧܚ‬ЫᔆоΚശσ Ňਹ७‫ޟڧܚ‬ᔆΨശҦശσ

ᢅ

Ⴈ

঱

ň࣠ይੵ‫ޟڧܚ‬Ыᔆ഍ࣺӣ ʼnਹ७‫ޟڧܚ‬ᔆΨоΚശσ 8. BȄҦৠᏢЫശ౏Ȃੵυ‫ڧ‬Ыᔆശσȇ၆ည१໔ࣺӣȂҦ‫ۻ‬७ᑖശωȂᄇਹ७‫ל‬ԙᔆΨശσȄ

)!̎!* 9. ѡყ࢐ߝПᡝΚУ༵‫ޟ‬ЏψȂ౪‫װ‬ΚУ༵Ϸտо A ȃBȃC ७ܹညܻҦУ༵ϞΰȂࠌ IȃIIȃIII έᆍ௑ ‫ݷ‬ήȂҦУ༵ᄇਹ७‫ޟ‬ᔆΨσωоդ‫ޱ‬ശσȉ ņ I ശσ Ň II ശσ

EO # EO

EO % $ Ⴈ҂Հ

঱

঱

঱

I

II

III

ň III ശσ ʼnέ‫ޱ‬Ιኺσ

F 9. DȄоҦᄇਹ७ᔆΨ P ɶ ȂȶAȷࡾҦᇄਹ७‫ޟ‬௥ញ७ᑖȂȶFȷࡾȶҦɮΚȷ१໔‫ڷ‬Ȃ࢈ A έ‫ࣱࣺޱ‬ӣȄ

)!̋!*10. ԃѡყϛ‫ܚ‬ҰȂΙУ༵᝚ӤΙઔጆȂᓗХ᝚ਗ਼ܻЫϛȂ౪஠‫ڍ‬ ‫ޱ‬Ϟ໢‫ޟ‬ಠᛱ୘ᘞࡣȂУ༵ΰਗ਼Մઔጆή‫ؖ‬ȄࠌᇄҐ୘ᘞࠉ‫ޟ‬ ௑‫ࣺݷ‬ШၶȂ‫ڧܚޱڍ‬ਗ਼ΨᡐϽ௑‫࣏ל‬դȉ ņУ༵‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψ෵ЍȂઔጆ‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨϚᡐ ŇУ༵‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψ෵ЍȂઔጆ‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψቨё ňУ༵‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨϚᡐȂઔጆ‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨζϚᡐ ʼnУ༵‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼ΨቨёȂઔጆ‫ڧܚ‬ਗ਼Ψζቨё

҂Հ nj

10. AȄУ༵ΰਗ਼ࡣ௶໠‫ޟ‬ЫᡐЍΟȂ࢈ਗ਼Ψ෵ЍȂઔጆΙ‫ؖ࢐ޢ‬ᡝȂ࢈ਗ਼ΨϚᡐȄ

)!̌!* 11. ԃყ ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӵΙনߝ࣏ 8 cm ‫ޟ‬ኆᙋ ήȂӤ௮Ιএ१໔࣏ 600 gw ‫ߜޟ‬឴༵Ȃ

Đɒ‫ذ‬

ᓗХҁᒋਢኆᙋ‫ޟ‬Ӓߝ࣏ 12 cmȄԃყ

EO

‫ܚ‬ҰȂ‫׽‬஠Ԫኆᙋᇄߜ឴༵ညܻЫ ҁਹ७ΰȂኆᙋΙᆒ೿௥ᕓᏩȂѪΙ ᆒ೿௥ߜ឴༵Ȃᄇߜ឴༵ࢊϠΙএσ ω࣏ 600 gwȂЫҁөѾ‫ܜޟ‬ΨȂᓗХ

EO IY njːࢴǚ

੖ ૼ

IY Ă

ȕ

ҁᒋਢኆᙋӒߝ࣏ 10 cmȄϐ‫ޣ‬ኆᙋӵ ᄂᡛࡣࣱ૖࡮ඈনߝȂष‫܇‬౱ኆᙋ፴ ໔‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ȂࠌԪߜ឴༵‫ڧܚ‬ਹ७ኞᔢ Ψ‫ޟ‬σωЅПөȂᔖ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 300 gwȂПөөѾȁȁŇ 300 gwȂПөөѡ ň 600 gwȂПөөѾȁȁʼn 600 gwȂПөөѡ 11. BȄ300g ժߝ 2cmȂყ ‫ސ‬ᡝЫҁПөӫΨ࣏ႭȂ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ ڧ‬600gw өѾȃ300gw ኆΨөѡȂ‫ܚ‬о ኞᔢΨ 300gw өѡȄ

80 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ᚠ ಢ ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 12. ʂ 13. ᚠȈ 좕졶

좕졷

঱Ⴈ Ă

좕졸

ᢅ ȕ

Ɓ

ԤΙഅ࠮‫ۉ‬੫‫ޟ‬ৠᏢԃߣყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂৠᏢϱѾΰП࢐Ιএΰഋࡌ஝‫ޟ‬஝ࡉȂ౪ጥ ጥёЫΣৠᏢϛȂ࿋ყ ਢȂ੉ᔆо P1 фߒȂ࿋Ы‫؁‬ӻԃყ ਢȂ੉ࡉ੉ᔆо P2 фߒȂ࿋ЫԃყƴਢȂ੉ࡉ੉ᔆо P3 фߒȄ )!̍!*12. ӵყ ȂΚᘈӵͱ࠮ᄺഅ‫ޟ‬ғήПȂࠌყ ϛৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋҦȃΚȃеέᘈЫᔆ σωШၶԃդȉ ņҦɴΚɴеȁȁ ŇҦɵΚɵе ňҦɶΚɶеȁȁ ʼnҦɴΚɶе 12. CȄЫᓗХਢȂӣΙଽ࡙‫ޟ‬έᘈЫᔆࣺӣȄ

)!̍!*13. Ԥᜰ੉ࡉϛ‫੉ޟ‬ᔆȂP1ȃP2ȃP3 ᇄ࿋ਢσ੉ᔆΨ P σШၶդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ P1 ɶ P2 ɶ P3 ɵ P σȁȁ Ň P 1 ɵ P2 ɵ P 3 ɵ P σ ň P3 ɵ P2 ɵ P1 ɵ P σȁȁ ʼn P 3 ɵ P2 ɵ P 1 ɶ P σ 13. CȄনӑσ੉ᔆΨɶ P1Ȃࡣ‫੉پ‬ᡝᡝᑖཕωȂ੉ᔆཕσȄ

಑Ξണȁҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬Ψ 81

಑

Ϊ

Ᏸ Ψ ᇄ ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ᄂȁᡛ १ᘈΠ ᄂȁᡛ

‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ ഀ࡙‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ Ψᇄၼଢ଼ ኇ៪ёഀ࡙‫ޟ‬Ӱશ

१ᘈ

IJ

‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃၯแᇄ՝ಋ ၯ

แ

ၯแ࢐ଔᘈ‫ڷ‬ತᘈϞ໢ᄂሬငႆ‫ޟ‬ၯ৷ߝȂϚ‫ڎ‬ԤПө‫ܒ‬Ȅ ࿋‫ސ‬ᡝಋଢ଼ਢȂ՝ညζᓍϞ‫׽‬ᡐȄ՝ಋȞ͂xȟ։‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬ȶ՝ညᡐ Ͻ໔ȷȂࣺ࿋ܻ‫ޢ‬ጣֲ኿ϛȂ‫ސ‬ᡝґ՝ည x2 ‫ߑڷ‬՝ည x1 ‫ޟ‬৯Ȉ ՝ಋɶґ՝ညɯߑ՝ညȂ։ ͂x ɶ x2 ɯ x1Ȅ

՝

ಋ

՝ಋ‫ޟ‬σω࢐ࡾଔᘈ‫ڗ‬ತᘈ‫ޢޟ‬ጣߝ࡙ȂՄଔᘈ‫ڗ‬ತᘈ‫ޟ‬Пө൷ ࢐՝ಋ‫ޟ‬ПөȂоғဴȃ॒ဴߒҰȄ ᗶณၯጣᄂሬငႆ‫ޟ‬ၯ৷ߝϚӣȂծଔᘈ‫ڷ‬ತᘈࣺӣȂ‫ܚ‬оၯጣ ‫ޟ‬՝ಋσωȃПө഍ࣺӣȂ‫ڏ‬՝ಋПө഍࢐ҥଔᘈөತᘈ‫ޟ‬ПөȄ ɢ໷

Ұ

ཎ

# Ő Ž Z

ყ

ʞࡡ쇈Z

$ ͦ Ž Z

Πȃഀ౥ᇄഀ࡙ Ӫ

ຠ

‫ܒ‬፴

ϴԒ

൐՝

୅೩ငᐣ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢࣏ ͂tȂၯแ ȶ൐՝ਢ໢ϱ ‫ܚ‬ငႆ‫ޟ‬ၯ ҁ֯ഀ౥ แȷȂᆎ࣏ҁ

࣏ ͂LȂҁ֯ഀ౥ߒҰ࣏Ȉ ၯแ Ȃ ҁ֯ഀ౥ɶ ငᐣ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ ͂L ֯ഀ౥Ȟ v ȟȄ ։ vɶ Ȅ ͂t

ϴЏ / ऌȞm ʝ sȟȂ ԪѴζலҢϴ٨ʝω ਢȞkm ʝ hrȟȄ

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 83

୅ ೩ t1 ਢ ՝ ည ࣏ x1Ȃ ӵ t2 ਢ ȶ൐՝ਢ໢ϱ ՝ ည ࣏ x2Ȃ ՝ ಋ ࣏ ͂x ɶ ‫ޟ‬՝ညᡐϽ໔ x2 ɯ x1Ȃငᐣ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢࣏ ͂t ɶ ൐՝‫ڷ‬ҁ֯ഀ౥ࣺ ӣȂծҁ֯ഀ࡙‫ڎ‬ Ȟ՝ಋȟȷȂ t2 ɯ t1Ȃҁ֯ഀ࡙ߒҰ࣏Ȉ ҁ֯ഀ࡙ ᆎ࣏ҁ֯ഀ࡙ ՝ညᡐϽ໔Ȟ՝ಋȟ Пө‫ܒ‬ȂПөᇄ՝ ҁ֯ഀ࡙ɶ ಋࣺӣȄ Ȟಒဴӣܻҁ ငᐣ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ ͂x x2 ɯ x 1 ֯ഀ౥ȟȄ ɶ Ȅ ։ vɶ ͂t t2 ɯ t1 ୅ ೩ t1 ਢ ഀ ࡙ ࣏ v1Ȃt2 ਢ ഀ ࡙࣏ v2Ȃငᐣਢ໢ ͂t ɶ t2 ɯ

ҁ֯ёഀ࡙

ȶ൐՝ਢ໢ϱ ‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙ᡐϽ ໔ȷȂᆎ࣏ҁ ֯ёഀ࡙Ȅ

t1Ȃഀ࡙ᡐϽ ͂v ɶ v2 ɯ v1Ȃ 2 ҁ֯ёഀ࡙Ȟ a ȟߒҰ࣏Ȉ ϴЏʝऌ 2Ȟm ʝ s ȟ ҁ֯ёഀ࡙ɶґഀ࡙ɯߑഀ࡙ ငᐣਢ໢Ȃ

։ aɶ

͂v v2 ɯ v 1 ɶ Ȅ ͂t t2 ɯ t1

ɏ ᒵ‫ޟڥ‬ਢ໢໢Ⴄ ͂t ཕωȂࠌཕ૖ජक़‫ސ‬ᡝӵ࢚ਢ‫ړ‬ઍғ‫ޟ‬ၼଢ଼‫פ‬ᄚȈ Өᆍഀ࡙

࿋ ͂t ᗍߖܻ 0 ਢ

ߒҰ‫ݲ‬

ᕡ ਢ ഀ ࡙ ҁ֯ഀ౥࣏၎ਢ‫ړ‬ᕡਢഀ౥Ȃᙏᆎഀ౥Ȅ

о v ߒҰ

ᕡ ਢ ഀ ࡙ ҁ֯ഀ࡙࣏၎ਢ‫ړ‬ᕡਢഀ࡙Ȃᙏᆎഀ࡙Ȅ

Ȟಒဴഀ౥ᇄഀ࡙ࣺӣȟ

ᕡ ਢ ё ҁ֯ёഀ࡙࣏၎ਢ‫ޟړ‬ᕡਢёഀ࡙Ȃ ഀ ࡙ ᙏᆎёഀ࡙Ȅ

84 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

о a ߒҰ

έȃ้ഀ࡙ᇄၼଢ଼ᜰ߽ყ ᜰ ߽ ყ

x–t ყ

v–t ყ X

Z

ᓗ

a–t ყ

Х

ș V

V

Z

X

้ ഀ ࡙ ၼ ଢ଼ Ȟv ɵ 0ȟ

V

Z

C

V

V

X

้ ഀ ࡙ ၼ ଢ଼ Ȟv ɴ 0ȟ

V

Z

C

V

V

C

X

้ёഀ࡙ ၼ ଢ଼ Ȟa ɵ 0ȟ

V

V

V

C

X

Z

้ёഀ࡙ ၼ ଢ଼ Ȟa ɴ 0ȟ

Шၶ৯౴

V

V

V

ၼଢ଼‫ޑ‬ᄘ

x–t

v–t

a–t

ᓗХ

՝ಋɶ 0

ഀ࡙ɶ 0

ș

้ഀ࡙ၼଢ଼

ఇ‫ޢ‬ጣ

Ыҁጣ

ёഀ࡙ɶ 0

้ёഀ࡙ၼଢ଼

Ԣጣ

ఇ‫ޢ‬ጣ

Ыҁጣ

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 85

Ѳȃёഀ࡙Пөᇄഀ࡙‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ έᆍᜰ߽

ёഀ࡙ᇄഀ࡙Пөࣺӣ

้ഀ࡙ၼଢ଼ ‫ؠ‬Ԥ౰ҡёഀ࡙

ёഀ࡙ᇄഀ࡙ПөࣺІ

ഀ࡙ᡐϽ

ഀ࡙ቨё

้ഀ࡙ၼଢ଼

ഀ࡙෵Ѝ

Ұ ཎ ყ

э ʇ O U

э ʇ O U

э ʇ O U

X

X

X

ᇳ

݂

V

V

V

ёഀ࡙ᇄഀ࡙ӣПөȞғȃ॒ӣဴȟȂഀ౥ቨσȄ ёഀ࡙ᇄഀ࡙ІПөȞғȃ॒౴ဴȟȂഀ౥෵ωȄ

ϤȃՌҥဣᡝ

v ɶ at ɶ gtȇ¨ x ɶ

1 2 1 2 at ɶ gt Ȅ 2 2

ി࢘

ۡ

‫ސ‬ᡝӵၼଢ଼ႆแϛȂषѫ‫ڧ‬१ΨՄϚ‫ڏڧ‬ тհҢΨኇ៪Ȃ೻ᆍၼଢ଼ᆎ࣏ՌҥဣᡝȄ ࿋‫ސ‬ᡝ௃ଽ೎ՌҥဣήਢȂӰߑഀ้࡙ܻ ဎ ႭȂင t ऌࡣȂ‫ڏ‬ഀ࡙‫ڷ‬՝ಋϷտ࣏Ȉ

ŷ

ŢġɶġŨ

ĩŮİŴĪ IJ Ũŵ ij ij ı

ŷġɶġŨŵ

ŵ ੡༡ĩŴĪ

ӵӴ౨ߒ७ߣߖȂՌҥဣᡝ‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙঄घ࣏ 9.8 ϴЏ / ऌ 2 ‫ ܖ‬980 ϴϷ / ऌ 2Ȃ೻এёഀ࡙࢐ӰӴ౨‫ޟ‬१ΨհҢՄ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ȃ࢈ᆎ࣏१ १ Ψ ё ഀ ࡙ Ψёഀ࡙Ȃ೽லо g ߒҰȄӰ࣏ g ঄ӵӴߒߣߖџຜ࣏ۡ঄Ȃ࢈ Ռҥဣᡝ‫ޟ‬ႆแ้࣏ёഀ࡙ၼଢ଼Ȅ

86 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃഀ࡙‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

஠ાளऎႆ҈ᘈॎਢᏢ‫ޟ‬ፒቸાήП ؏

᡽

Ι

Ȃ௥೽ႫྛȂϚौ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ાளȂᢎᄆ҈ ᘈॎਢᏢӵાளΰ‫੼ܚ‬ήᘈ‫ޟ‬ϷҀ௑ ‫ל‬Ȅ ஠ྤٙညܻУ‫ݖ‬ΰȂУ‫ݖ‬Ιᆒܷଽघ

؏

᡽

Π

25 cmȂ‫ܻۡھ‬១࢜Ȃ‫ྤٺ‬ٙҥၶଽ‫ޟ‬ ΙᆒՌҥήྤՍ‫ۻ‬ᆒȞУ‫ݖ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬ήྤ ຽᚔघ 50 cmȟȇ‫ٮ‬ᡱϐྤՍ‫ۻ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬ ྤٙӔ᝷៉өࠉྤ՗घ 50 cmȄ

؏

᡽

έ

ᢎᄆ҈ᘈॎਢᏢӵાளΰࠉࢲ 40 cm ‫ ࢲࡣڷ‬40 cm ‫ޟ‬౷ၬϷҀ௑‫ל‬Ȃо‫ޢ‬ Џก໔ાளΰࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȄ

؏

᡽

Ѳ

१ፒᄂᡛ؏᡽Π‫؏ڷ‬᡽έ‫ڍ‬ԩȂо‫ޢ‬Џก໔ાளΰࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ຽ ᚔȄ

Ϥ

஠У‫ݖ‬Ιᆒܷଽघ 50 cm ‫ܻۡھ‬១࢜ Ȃ‫ྤٺ‬ٙҥၶଽ‫ޟ‬ΙᆒՌҥήྤՍ‫ۻ‬ ᆒȞУ‫ݖ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬ήྤຽᚔघ 50 cmȟȇ ‫ٮ‬ᡱϐྤՍ‫ۻ‬ᆒ‫ྤޟ‬ٙӔ᝷៉өࠉྤ ՗घ 50 cmȄ

ϲ

஠ᢎᄆ҈ᘈॎਢᏢӵાளΰࠉࢲ 40 cm ‫ ࢲࡣڷ‬40 cm ‫ޟ‬౷ၬϷҀ௑‫ל‬Ȃо ‫ޢ‬Џก໔ાளΰࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȄ

؏

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

᡽

Μ

#

$

%

&

१ፒᄂᡛ؏᡽Ϥ‫؏ڷ‬᡽ϲ‫ڍ‬ԩȂо‫ޢ‬Џก໔ાளΰࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ຽ ᚔȄ ࿋ાளΰѫ֕౪ΙএᘈȂߒҰાளᓗХϚଢ଼Ȅ ؏᡽έ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂࠉјࢲાளΰȂࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ຽᚔོཕ‫پ‬ཕσȂ фߒ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ાளࠉ໌‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙ԤᡐσȂࡣјࢲાளΰȂࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

ຽᚔࠓࣺӣȂфߒྤٙհ้ഀ࡙ၼଢ଼Ȅ ؏᡽ϲ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂࠉјࢲાளΰȂࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ຽᚔོཕ‫پ‬ཕσȂ фߒྤٙ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ાளࠉ໌‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙ԤᡐσȂࡣјࢲાளΰȂࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ ໢‫ޟ‬ຽᚔࠓࣺӣȂфߒྤٙհ้ഀ࡙ၼଢ଼Ȅ ಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 87

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̎!* 1. ѡყ࣏Ι‫ސ‬ᡝӵΙ‫ޢ‬ጣΰၼଢ଼‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙ᇄਢ໢ᜰ߽ყȂ ‫ڏ‬ϛҦȃΚȃеȃΛ࣏Ѳএ้ࣺ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢໢ႤȂࠌӵ঺ Ιএਢ໢໢Ⴄϛ၎‫ސ‬ᡝϞҁ֯ഀ౥ശσȉ ņҦȁȁŇΚȁȁ ňеȁȁʼnΛ

э ʇ

঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ

ࣼ

IJǍ

1. DȄࣺӣਢຽȂ՝ಋ ( ७ᑖ ) σ‫ޱ‬ҁ֯ഀ౥ၶσȄ

)!̍!* 2. ҦȃΚȃеέӴ՝ܻӣΙన๋‫ޟޢ‬ၾၯΰȂиΚӴ՝ܻҦȃеϞ໢ȂҦȃΚ ΠӴ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔ࣏ S1ȂΚȃеΠӴ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔ࣏ S2Ȅω݂‫ݼ‬๿ၾၯҥҦӴюีငΚӴ ‫ڗ‬ႀеӴࡣӔ‫ߕ׷‬ӱΚӴȂശࡣӔӱ‫ڗ‬еȂ‫ڏ‬ၯጣ։ҦʖΚʖеʖΚʖеȂ ϐ‫ޣ‬Ԫႆแω݂‫ޟ‬ҁ֯ഀ࡙σω࣏ؐωਢ 8 ϴ٨Ȃҁ֯ഀ౥࣏ؐωਢ 20 ϴ٨Ȃ ࠌ S1ȈS2 ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 1Ȉ1ȁȁŇ 1Ȉ2ȁȁ ň 1Ȉ3ȁȁʼn 1Ȉ5

2. CȄ( ՝ಋ S1+ S2)Ȉ( ၯ৷ߝ S1+ 3S2)=8:20=2:5ȂS1ȈS2=1:3Ȅ

)!̎!* 3. ѡყ࣏ΙᑺᄂᡛҢωዖဠ໌՗กၐਢӵЫϛ࠭‫ޢ‬ၼଢ଼ ഀ࡙Ȟvȟᇄਢ໢Ȟtȟ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ყȄࠌήӖ঺Ιࢲ෈໢Ȃ ዖဠ࢐ΰਗ਼и෵ഀ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȉ ņҦȁȁŇΚȁȁ ňеȁȁʼnΛ

X O존U

V U

঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ ࣼ

)!̎!* 4. ߡ૮໠ٙ௥ߖΙΪԅၯοȞฒऔᆦᐷȟȂሉሉี౪ΙՂΡғौᐗႆ଻ၯȂт ҳ‫ړ‬፾ࠆٙȂ2 ऌࡣՂΡೝΙԑሆτυ‫ܜ‬՞ଝӱၯਠȂߡ૮೻ϗܹ௬ࠆٙȂ Ӕင 2 ऌࡣ᝷៉፾‫้ߞݶ‬ёഀࠉ໌Ȃ୅೩ӵٙυ՗໌໢฻኷ਢ໢Ȟ10 ऌϱȟ ܹ௬‫ߞݶ‬ᇄࠆٙȂٙυϫ࢐о้ഀ౥ࠉ໌Ȃࠌߡ૮Ԫࢲਢ໢ഀ࡙ v ᇄਢ໢ t ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ყᔖ࢐ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ

ņ X O존U

Ň X O존U

ȁȁ

ň

V U

ʼn

X O존U

V U

V U

X O존U

ȁȁ

V U

4. DȄࠉ 2 ऌ a ɴ 0Ȃ2 ʂ 4 ऌ้ഀȂ4 ʂ 6 ऌ a ɵ 0Ȅ

88 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

)!̍!* 5. Ι‫ء‬ٙөࠉёഀ‫ޢ‬ጣ՗ᎻȂ࿋ᎽᎻ฿࣏ܹ௬‫ߞݶ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬ёഀ࡙෵ЍΙᘈȂࠌᄇ Ԫਢٙυၼଢ଼‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫ޟ‬ఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņٙഀ६ճΟ Ňٙυؐऌ՗Ꮋ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔ෵ЍΟ ňٙυഀ࡙ؐऌቨё໔෵ЍΟ ʼnٙυёഀ࡙Пөᇄഀ࡙ПөࣺІ 5. CȄٙυϫԤөࠉёഀ࡙Ȃѫ࢐ёഀ࡙঄Ȟ։ؐऌഀ࡙ቨё໔ȟ෵ЍȄ

)!̎!* 6. ѡყϛҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ٙ࿋໠ۖॎਢ഍՝ܻ‫ޢ‬ጣເၾӣΙ ՝ညȂࠌоήఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ

X O존U

Ⴈ

ņҦȃΚၼଢ଼ПөࣺІ Ňӵ t1 ਢ‫ڍړ‬ٙ՝ညࣺӣ ঱

V

ň‫ڍ‬ٙϚџ૖Ԥ՝ညࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ਢ‫ړ‬ ʼn‫ڍ‬ٙ՝ညࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ਢ‫ۡ҆ړ‬ӵ t1 Ϟࡣ

V U

6. DȄ ʼn 0 ʂ t1 ਢȂs Ҧɵ s ΚȂ‫ܚ‬оΚଡΰҦਢ҆ӵ t1 ϞࡣȄ

)!̍!* 7. Ιٙӵ‫ޢ‬ጣၾၯΰၼଢ଼Ȃ‫ڏ‬ഀ࡙ v ᇄਢ໢ t ᜰ߽ყԃѡ ყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࠌ‫ڏ‬ёഀ࡙ a ᇄਢ໢ t ᜰ߽ყоդ‫ޱ‬ശӫ౩ȉ ņC

X

V

ŇC

V

ȁȁ V

V

V

V

ňC

V V

V

V

V

V

V

V

ʼnC ȁȁ V

V

V

V

V

V

7. CȄ0 ʂ tȂa ɵ 0Ȃ2t ʂ 3t ёഀ࡙ࣺӣи a ɴ 0Ȅ

)!̌!* 8. ݂ᮙӵᏰਮၐৢЫЬጐȂՂৱᔓԂกு v-t ԃѡყȞЫЬ ጐѫӵ࠭‫ޢ‬Пөၼଢ଼ȟȂࠌоήఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ᒿᇲȉ ņՂৱᛲყਢоөΰ࣏ғПө

X O존U

Ň಑ 8 ऌਢЫЬጐ‫ڗ‬ႀശଽഀ࡙ ň಑ 12 ऌਢЫЬጐ‫ڗ‬ႀശଽᘈ ʼnีৢࡣ 10 ऌ‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙σω࣏ีৢࡣ 4 ऌ‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙σω‫ ޟ‬2 ॻ

V U

8. BȄŇऌࡣഀ࡙࣏॒Ȃ։໠ۖဣήȂ‫ܚ‬о 12 ऌӵശଽᘈȇʼn a10 ɶ 0 ɯ 20 ɶɯ 5Ȉa4 ɶ 0 ɯ 20 ɶ 2.5Ȅ 12 ɯ 8 12 ɯ 8

)!̋!* 9. ѡყϛȂҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ყ࢐໌՗ྤٙഀ࡙ก໔ᄂᡛਢȂցҢ‫ڍ‬ এϚӣ‫҈ޟ‬ᘈॎਢᏢȂϷտӵҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ωٙ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ાளਢ‫ܚ‬ ҈‫ޟ‬ᘈ౷ȄҦყાளΰࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔࣱ࣏ 1.0 cmȂΚყ ાளΰࣺ᎑‫ڍ‬ᘈ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔࣱ࣏ 0.5 cmȄषҦყ‫҈ޟ‬ᘈॎਢᏢ ᓜ౥࣏ 10 HzȂΚყ‫҈ޟ‬ᘈॎਢᏢᓜ౥࣏ 20 HzȂࠌҦȃ

঱

Ⴈ

Κ‫ڍ‬ωٙၼଢ଼ഀ౥‫ޟ‬Ш‫ٽ‬ശ௥ߖήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 1Ȉ1ȁȁŇ 2Ȉ3ȁȁň 3Ȉ2ȁȁʼn 2Ȉ1 9. AȄഀ౥Ш =4/0.4Ȉ3/0.3=1:1Ȅ

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 89

ᚠ ಢ ɖ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 10. ʂ 11. ᚠȈ ᄇΙ՝ᏽାᐠॴ՗ষ‫پ‬ᇳȂ६ဣ૞ުҔ᝼ΰ࢐Ιᆍೃσ‫ޟ‬ᔆΨȂ࿋६ဣਢȂ ເၾߝ࡙ѫԤ 240 ϴЏȂॴ՗ষ҆ሯӵເၾߝ࡙ϱ஠ॴᐠցҢ᝝ᄠષ‫ޟ‬ኆΨ ෵ഀୄ՞Ȃ֏ࠌ൷҆໸ӵॴᐠဣ੕ࠉӔёٗЕᔝ௰Ψ१ཱི‫ދ‬ЀࡣӔԩ६ဣȂ ད჋Ιή൷џཐ‫ڗڧ‬ᛁσ‫ޟ‬ᔆΨȄ )!̍!* 10. ॴᐠဣӴਢഀՍЍ 120 m/sȂष෵ഀႆแёഀ঄‫ۡھ‬Ȃࠌॴᐠശӻ૖Ԥඁऌџ оࠆٙȉ ņ 2ȁȁŇ 3ȁȁň 4ȁȁʼn 5

10. CȄ

1 ɰTɰ120 ɶ 240ȂT ɶ 4Ȅ 2

)!̌!* 11. ॴᐠᖂ१ 2500 kgȂषॴᐠ෵ഀႆแ้࣏ёഀ࡙ၼଢ଼Ȃࠌёഀ࡙ശЍᔖ࣏ӻЍ m/s2 ȉ ņɯ 15ȁȁŇɯ 30ȁȁňɯ 40ȁȁʼnɯ 45 11.BȄa ɶ

0 ɯ 20 ɶɯ 30Ȅ 4ɯ0

90 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

१ᘈ

ij

Ψᇄၼଢ଼

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃвႳέσၼଢ଼ۡࡡ ۡ

ࡡ

಑Ιၼଢ଼ ۡ

ࡡ

ᎌҢਢᐠ

‫ސ‬ᡝϚ‫ڧ‬ΨȂӫΨɶ 0

ϱৠᇄଆ፣ ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ڧ‬ӫΨɶ 0Ȃོ߳ࡻনԤ‫ޟ‬ၼଢ଼‫ޑ‬ ᄘȞ։ഀ࡙ȟȂ‫ؠ‬Ԥёഀ࡙Ȅ ᓗ‫࡯ޱ‬ᓗȂଢ଼‫ޱ‬հ้ഀ࡙‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼Ȅ

಑Πၼଢ଼ ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ڧ‬ѴΨӫΨɹ 0 ۡ ࡡ

಑έၼଢ଼ ‫ސڍ‬ᡝԤΨ‫ޟ‬ҺϣհҢ ۡ ࡡ

ӫΨȞвႳȟɶ፴໔ȞϴОȟɰ ёഀ ࡙Ȟmʝs2ȟȂ։ FȞNȟɶ mȞkgȟɰaȞm ʝ s2ȟȄ 1kgwȞϴО१ȟɶ 9.8NȞвႳȟȄ Ҧ‫ސ‬௰Ȟ֜ЕȟΚ‫ސ‬ਢȂΚ‫ސ‬ζҳ։๝ Ҧ‫ޟސ‬ΙσωࣺӣȃПөࣺІȂиհҢ ӵӣΙ‫ޢ‬ጣΰ‫ޟ‬ІհҢΨȂծ‫ڍ‬ΨհҢ ܻϚӣ‫ސ‬ᡝȂ‫ܚ‬оϚ૖ܰ᎛Ȅ

Πȃ้ഀ༫‫ں‬ၼଢ଼ ‫ ސ‬౩ ໔

ᡐϽ௑‫ל‬

ഀ

౥ ‫ۡھ‬

ഀ

࡙

ё ഀ ࡙

ӫ

Ψ

σωϚᡐ Пөࡻ៉‫׽‬ᡐȞϸጣПөȟ

Ұཎყ

F

v

σωϚᡐ Пөࡻ៉ᡐϽȞөЖПөȟ σωϚᡐ Пөࡻ៉ᡐϽȞөЖПөȟ

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 91

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃኇ៪ёഀ࡙‫ޟ‬Ӱશ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

஠ાளऎႆ҈ᘈॎਢᏢ‫ޟ‬ፒቸાή ؏

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

᡽

Ι

Π

έ

ПȂ௥ΰႫྛࡣȂกၐ҈ᘈॎਢᏢ ࢐֏૖ғலၼհȄ

஠༭ጲ‫ڎޖ‬ٙ‫ࡣޟ‬ᆒ೿ΰાளȂࠉ ᆒ೿ΰಠጣȂಠጣґᆒ᝚௮ 2 এ௮ ႙ઔጆȂٙΰܹည 4 এ௮႙ઔጆȂ ٙυᇄྤᎈϞ໢‫ޟ‬ᛱߝघ 100 ϴϷȂ оЙࡸ՞ٙυȄ ௥೽ॎਢᏢ‫ޟ‬ႫྛȂܹ໠Й‫ٺ‬ٙυࠉ ໌Ȃ‫ڗޢ‬ٙυ௥ߖਹυ᜞ጢਢоЙ ࡸ՞Ȃᗗջ௮႙ઔጆ๿ӴȄ஠ાள ΰ ಑ 3ȃ6ȃ9ȃ12ȃ15 এ ᘈȂ ኿ Ұ ࣏ A1ȃB1ȃC1ȃD1ȃE1Ȅ ก ໔ ࣺ ᎑ ‫ڍ‬኿ҰᘈϞ໢‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȞ A1B1 ȃ B1C1 ȃ C1D1 ȃ D1E1 ȟȂШၶӨࢲ‫࡙ߝޟ‬ σωȄ

؏

᡽

Ѳ

஠ٙΰ‫ ޟ‬2 এ௮႙ઔጆಋ‫ڗ‬ಠጣґ ᆒȂ‫ٺ‬᝚௮‫ޟ‬௮႙ઔጆᡐԙ 4 এȂ१ ፒ؏᡽έȂᘈ౷኿Ұ‫ ࣏׽‬A2ȃB2ȃ C2ȃD2ȃE2Ȅ

92 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ұȁཎȁყ

؏

᡽

Ϥ

Ӕ஠ٙΰ‫ ޟ‬2 এ௮႙ઔጆಋ‫ڗ‬ಠጣ ґᆒȂ‫ٺ‬᝚௮‫ޟ‬௮႙ઔጆᡐԙ 6 এ Ȅ१ፒ؏᡽έȂᘈ౷኿Ұ‫ ࣏׽‬A3ȃ B3ȃC3ȃD3ȃE3Ȅ

؏

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

᡽

ϲ

ಠጣґᆒ᝚௮ 2 এ௮႙ઔጆȂٙΰ Ϛܹ௮႙ઔጆȂ१ፒ؏᡽έȂᘈ౷ ኿Ұ‫ ࣏׽‬A4ȃB4ȃC4ȃD4ȃE4Ȅ

Μ

ಠጣґᆒᆰࡻ 2 এ௮႙ઔጆȂٙΰё ܹ 2 এ௮႙ઔጆȄ१ፒ؏᡽έȂᘈ ౷኿Ұ‫ ࣏׽‬A5ȃB5ȃC5ȃD5ȃE5Ȅ

Τ

ಠጣґᆒᆰࡻ 2 এ௮႙ઔጆȂٙΰ‫׽‬ ܹ 4 এ௮႙ઔጆȄ१ፒ؏᡽έȂᘈ ౷኿Ұ‫ ࣏׽‬A6ȃB6ȃC6ȃD6ȃE6Ȅ

Ϛॎಠᛱȃྤᎈ१ЅኞᔢΨȂF ɶ maȂmg ɶȞm1 ɮ m2ȟaȄ ؐԩ஠ྤٙΰ‫ޟ‬ઔጆ‫׽‬௮‫ڗ‬ᛱґᆒȈm Ι‫׽ޢ‬ᡐȂծȞm1 ɮ m2ȟ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

࣏ۡ঄Ȃmg ᇄ a ԙғШᜰ߽Ȅ m ‫ۡھ‬Ȃംԩቨёྤٙΰ‫ޟ‬ઔጆȂࢊΨ mg ‫ۡھ‬ȂȞm1 ɮ m2ȟᇄ a ԙІШᜰ߽Ȅ

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 93

ོՃᚠጛಬ )!̍!* 1. ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂΙ፴໔ 2 ϴО‫ސޟ‬ᡝӵ‫ޟۡھ‬έُ‫ޟל‬ӎ ྤఇ७ΰȂ࿋‫ݼ‬ఇ७өΰࢊΨ F=10N ਢ‫ސ‬ᡝܲࡻᓗ

(

ХȂ࿋ࢊΨ F ᄤўਢȂ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ݼ‬ఇ७‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙σω࣏ӻ Ѝ m ʝ s2 ȉ (g=10 m ʝ s2) ņ 0.2ȁȁŇ 0.5ȁȁň 5ȁȁʼn 10 1. CȄ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ݼ‬ఇ७ήྤΨ໔࣏ 10N=2ɰa a=5 m/ s2Ȅ

)!̎!* 2. ໯൩‫ܑ֗ڷ‬ϷտᄇȂ‫ސ‬ᡝӵЫҁ७ΰၼଢ଼‫ڧޟ‬Ψᇄၼଢ଼௑‫ל‬ȂඪюՌϏ‫َޟ‬ ၌Ȃ‫ڏ‬ఄक़ԃήȈ ໯൩ȈषᓗХ‫ސޟ‬ᡝϚ‫ڧ‬ѴΨհҢȂࠌԪ‫ސ‬ᡝོΙ‫ޢ‬ᆰࡻᓗХȄ ܑ֗Ȉषၼଢ଼ϛ‫ސޟ‬ᡝ‫ڧܚ‬ӫΨ࣏ႭȂࠌԪ‫ސ‬ᡝഀ౥ོംᅚᡐᄚȄ ᜰܻ‫ڍ‬Ρ‫ޟ‬ఄक़ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ‫ڍ‬Ρ֯ӫ౩ȁȁŇ‫ڍ‬Ρ֯Ϛӫ౩ȁȁňѫԤܑ֗ӫ౩ȁȁʼnѫԤ໯൩ӫ౩ 2. DȄܑ֗Ȉषၼଢ଼ϛ‫ސޟ‬ᡝ‫ڧܚ‬ӫΨ࣏ႭȂࠌԪ‫ސ‬ᡝ้ഀ࡙ၼଢ଼Ȅ

)!̋!* 3. Ι፴໔࣏ 2 ϴО‫ޟ‬У༵ȂᓗညܻฒኞᔢΨ‫ޟ‬ЫҁਹΰȂωՔᄇԪУ༵ࢊоЫ ҁПө‫ޟ‬ΨȂ‫ڏ‬σω࣏ F1 вႳȂӣਢУ༵๝ϠωՔ‫ޟ‬ІհҢΨȂ‫ڏ‬σω࣏ F2 вႳȄႤЈωՔо፴໔࣏ 4 ϴО‫ޟ‬У༵໌՗ࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡛȂᄇԪУ༵ࢊо F1 в Ⴓ‫ޟ‬ЫҁΨȂӣਢУ༵๝ϠωՔσω࣏ F3 вႳ‫ޟ‬ІհҢΨȂࠌήӖӨᜰ߽դ ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ F2 ɶ F3ȁȁŇ F1 ɶ F2ȁȁň F3 ɶ 2F2ȁȁʼn 2F3 ɶ F2 3. AȄF1 ɶ F2 ɶ F3Ȅ

)!̎!* 4. ω݂ӵၽዅ༪ϛསॸᒭৢ᚛᡻Ȃ᚛᡻ᙓ๿ O ᘈհҁ՗ Ӵ७‫้ޟ‬ഀ༫‫ں‬ၼଢ଼Ȃԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂҦΚеΛѲ೎֯Ϻ ϷҀӵ༫‫ל‬ॗၬΰȄࠌ࿋᚛᡻ӵ঺Ιᒵ໶ϛ‫ޟ‬՝ညਢȂ ᚛᡻‫ڧܚ‬ӫΨПөࣺӣȉ ņҦеȁȁŇҦΚ ňеΛȁȁʼnѲ೎ࣱϚࣺӣ

ࣼ

঱ 1

ᢅ

Ⴈ

ණʼƶˋ

4. DȄӫΨ = өЖΨȂ‫ܚ‬оӵѲ೎ࣱϚࣺӣȄ

)!̍!* 5. ԃѡყȂm1 ɶ 2kgȃm2 ɶ 3kgȂ‫ܻ௶ٮ‬ӎྤਹ७Ȃо F вႳ‫ޟ‬ЫҁΨ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼Ȃϐ‫ޣ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙ 4m/s2Ȃࠌ F

MI

MI (

O

ᔖ࣏ӻЍвႳȉ ņ 8ȁȁŇ 12ȁȁň 20ȁȁʼn 32

O

5. CȄF ɶȞ2 ɮ 3ȟɰ4 ɶ 20ȞNȟȄ

)!̍!* 6. ‫ ܛ‬ΰ ᚠȂ ष Ң ፴ ໔ Ϛ ॎ ‫ ޟ‬ಠ ᛱ ဇ ՞ m1ȃm2 ࡣȂ Ң 4kgw ‫ޟ‬ЫҁΨ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ȂԃѡყȂࠌ‫ސڍ‬ᡝ‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙࣏ դȉȞ१Ψёഀ࡙঄ɶ 10 m ʝ s2ȟ 2

2

2

ņ 0.8 m ʝ s ȁȁŇ 4 m ʝ s ȁȁň 8 m ʝ s ȁȁʼn 20 m ʝ s 2

6. CȄF ɶ maȂȞ4ɰ10ȟɶȞ2 ɮ 3ȟɰa Ȃ a ɶ 8 m/s Ȅ

94 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

MI O 2

MI MIY O

ᚠ ಢ ɖ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 7. ʂ 8. ᚠȈ Ԥ՝ӣᏰ਌‫ڥ‬ΙৠᏢইΣ஝࡙࣏ 0.6 g ʝ cm3 ‫ݶޟ‬Ȃ‫ ౏ݶ‬14 ϴЏȄ‫ڥ‬Ι፴໔ 20 ϴպȃᡝᑖ 10 ҳПϴϷ‫ޟ‬౨ᡝȂ‫ٺ‬౨ᡝҥ‫ׇ‬Ӓ‫ؠ‬Σਢ໠ۖՌҥဣήȞषՃኌ ‫ݶ‬ᄇ౨‫ޟ‬ਗ਼ΨȂծ࢐Ϛॎ‫ߢޟݶ‬ΨȟȂg ɶ 10 m ʝ s2Ȅ )!̍!* 7. ౨ӵ‫ݶ‬ϛ‫ޟ‬ёഀ࡙࣏ӻЍ m ʝ s2 ȉ ņ 4ȁȁŇ 6ȁȁ ň 7ȁȁʼn 10

7. CȄF ɶ

20 ( 20 ɯ 6 ) ɰ10 ɶ ɰaȂa ɶ 7 m ʝ s2Ȅ 1000 1000

)!̎!* 8. ष౨ՌភܹࡣȂင T ऌࡣ௬ՍৠᏢ‫ۻ‬ഋȂဣήਢഀ౥ V m ʝ sȂࠌȞT ɮ Vȟ Ϟ঄࣏ӻЍȉ ņ 0ȁȁ Ň 14ȁȁ ň 15ȁȁʼn 16

1 8. DȄёഀ࡙࣏ 7m » s2Ȃ՝ಋ࣏ 14m ɶ ɰ7ɰT2ȂT ɶ 2ȂV ɶ 7ɰ2 ɶ 14m » sȂ14+2 ɶ 16Ȅ 2

)!̌!* 9. ҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬Ρ፴໔ϚӣȂֲӵЫҁӴ७‫ݖྤޟ‬ٙΰӣਢ ϣ‫ܜ‬Ȃԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ୅೩ྤ‫ݖ‬ٙ‫ޟ‬፴໔ȃྤ‫ݖ‬ٙᇄӴ ७‫ޟ‬ኞᔢΨ‫܇‬౱ϚॎȂи‫ڍ‬ΡࢊΨσωΙ‫ޢ‬ϚᡐȂင ႆ 2 ऌࡣȂҦᇄΚ‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙঄ϞШ࣏ 3Ȉ2ȂࠌҦȃΚ፴ ໔Ш࣏դȉ ņ 3Ȉ2 Ň 2Ȉ3 ň 1Ȉ1 ʼn 5Ȉ3

Ⴈ

঱

1 1 9. BȄ‫ڧ‬Ψ F ࣺӣȂF ɶ maȂӰ mȃa ԙІШ m Шɶ Ȉ ɶ 2Ȉ3Ȅ 3 2

಑Ϊണȁ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼ᇄΨᏰ 95

಑

Ң ၼ డ ΪΙ ђᇄᐠ ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ १ᘈΠ ᄂȁᡛ १ᘈέ

ђᇄђ౥ Ψઐᇄᄹజ УЏ‫ᙽޟ‬ଢ଼ ఇ७ᇄᙏ൐ᐠడ

१ᘈ

IJ

ђᇄђ౥

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃђ ۡ ᜰ ᇄ

߽ ൐

ဎ

ᄇ‫ސ‬ᡝࢊΨਢȂष‫ސ‬ᡝӵհҢΨ‫ޟ‬Пө౰ҡ՝ည‫׽‬ᡐȂᆎԪࢊΨᄇ ‫ސ‬ᡝհђȄ

Ԓ ՝

ࢊΨհђȞฐՆȟɶѴΨȞѴΨȟ˪ ‫ࢊݼ‬ΨПө՝ಋȞϴЏȟȂ։ WȞJȟɶ FȞNȟ˪ SȞmȟȄ

Ŕ

Ұ

ཎ

Ň

ყ ŧ ኞᔢΨ १Ψ

ࢊΨȞFȟ հђ௑‫ݷ‬

F // SȂࢊΨհђ࣏ғ঄Ȅ

ኞᔢΨȞfȟ

F // SȂኞᔢΨհђ࣏॒঄Ȅ

१ΨȞWȟ

W ʅ SȂ१Ψհђ࣏ႭȄ

Πȃђ౥ ۡ

ဎ ൐՝ਢ໢ϱ‫ܚ‬հ‫ޟ‬ђȄ

ᜰ ߽ Ԓ ᇄ ൐ ՝

WȞJȟ ѴΨհђȞฐՆȟ Ȅ Ȃ։ PȞWȟɶ t Ȟsȟ ငᐣਢ໢Ȟऌȟ

ђ౥Ȟҟ੫ȟɶ

१Ψ

Ұ ཎ ყ

՝ಋПө

१Ψ

ђ ౥ σ ω ѴΨհђࣺӣȂ՝ಋζ้ࣺਢȂհђਢ໢ཕ฻Ȃђ౥ཕσȄ

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ 97

έȃ՝૖ 1. १Ψ՝૖ ۡ

ဎ ‫ސ‬ᡝӰ፴໔Ϛӣ‫ܖ‬՝ညϚӣՄ‫ڎ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬૖໔

१Ψ՝૖ȞฐՆȟɶ፴໔ȞϴОȟ ˪ १Ψёഀ࡙ȞϴЏ / ऌ 2ȟ ˪ ᜰ ߽ Ԓ ଽ࡙ȞϴЏȟȄ ᇄ ൐ ՝ ։ UȞJȟɶ mȞkgȟ˪ gȞm » s2ȟ˪ hȞmȟȄ

Ұ ཎ ყ

՝ ૖ σ ω ႗౨፴໔ཕσ‫ܖ‬ଽ࡙ཕଽȂភܹ૖໔ཕӻȂհђζཕσȄ 2. ኆΨ՝૖ ۡ

ဎ ኆ‫ސܒ‬ᡝ‫׽ޑל‬ᡐȞ‫ٽ‬ԃȈᔆᕻ‫ܖ‬ժߝȟՄ‫ڎ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬૖໔Ȅ ō Ŗ ĩIJĪ

Ұ ཎ ყ

ijř

Ŗ ĩijĪ

Ň

ř

Ŗ ĩĴĪ

Ň

՝ ૖ σ ω ‫ל‬ᡐ໔ཕσȂ‫ڎܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ኆΨ՝૖ཕσȂU(2) ɵ U(3) ɵ U(1) ɶ 0Ȅ Ѳȃଢ଼૖ ۡ

ဎ ‫ސ‬ᡝӰၼଢ଼Մ‫ڎ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬૖໔Ȅ

ᜰ ߽ Ԓ ᇄ ൐ ՝

ଢ଼૖ȞฐՆȟɶ ։ KȞJȟɶ

1 ɰ ፴໔ȞϴОȟ ɰ ഀ౥ 2 [ȞϴЏ / ऌȟ2 ]Ȅ 2

1 ɰ mȞkgȟɰ v 2 [Ȟmʝsȟ2 ]Ȅ 2 ማ౨ ũIJ

Ұ ཎ ყ

ᓁ౨ ũIJ

ଢ଼ ૖ σ ω ߜ឴౨፴໔ཕσȂУ༵ೝኡөࠉಋଢ଼‫ޟ‬ຽᚔཕሉȄ

98 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ԃѡყȂҦȃΚ࣏֯Ϻ؅፴У‫ݖ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬ ‫ڍ‬ᘈȄе࣏ЫҁӴ७ΰ‫ޟ‬ΙᘈȄߡᆋ ஠ೲ‫ސ‬ညܻҦᘈȂ‫ݼڏٺ‬ఇ७Ռҥྤ ήȂϐ‫ޣ‬ҦΚϞ໢У‫ݖ‬ఇ७ฒኞᔢΨȄ ೲ‫ސ‬ӵΚеϞ໢ҥܻኞᔢΨ‫ޟ‬հҢȂ

ೲ‫ސ‬ Ҧ У

‫ݖ‬

ఇ

७

Κ

е ЫҁӴ७

၎ೲ‫ސ‬ശࡣୄХܻеᘈȄӵԪႆแϛȂ ήӖ૖໔ᡐϽ௑‫ל‬դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņೲ‫ސ‬ӵҦΚϞ໢ଢ଼૖ቨёȂΨᏰ૖෵Ѝ Ňೲ‫ސ‬ӵҦΚϞ໢ଢ଼૖ቨё໔้ܻ՝૖෵Ѝ໔ ňೲ‫ސ‬ӵΚеϞ໢ଢ଼૖෵ЍȂΨᏰ૖Ϛᡐ ʼnೲ‫ސ‬ӵΚеϞ໢ଢ଼૖෵ЍȂ՝૖ቨё

1. BȄҦΚϞ໢ଢ଼૖ቨё໔้ܻ՝ ૖෵Ѝ໔ȂΨᏰ૖ϚᡐȄӵΚе Ϟ໢ଢ଼૖෵ЍȂ՝૖ϚᡐȂΨᏰ ૖෵ЍȄ

)!̋!* 2. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂΙј༫‫ל‬ॗၾ‫ۡھ‬ӵЫҁਹ७ΰȂ஠ Ιω౨ҥј༫‫ל‬ॗၾ P ᘈ೎ՌҥភܹȂྤ՗‫ ڗ‬Q ᘈ ࡣӔήྤȂи PȃQ ‫ڍ‬ᘈ‫ߨٮ‬ӵӣΙЫҁ७ΰȄԤ ᜰԪ౨௃ P ᘈ‫ ڗ‬Q ᘈႆแఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ᒿᇲȉ

Œ

ő

ņΨᏰ૖߳ࡻ‫ۡھ‬ ŇԪॗၾ‫ߨٮ‬ӎྤฒኞᔢΨ ňࠉјแଢ଼૖ᡐσȂࡣјแଢ଼૖ᡐω ʼnࠉјแ१Ψ՝૖ᡐωȂࡣјแ१Ψ՝૖ᡐσ 2. AȄӰ࣏ॗၾ‫ڎ‬ԤኞᔢΨȂΨᏰ૖ംᅚ෵ЍȄ

)!̍!* 3. Ҧȃ Κȃ е έ У ༵ ‫ ޟ‬፴ ໔ Ϸ տ ࣏ 2kgȃ 3kgȃ2kgȂ֯ᓗညܻฒኞᔢΨ‫ޟ‬Ыҁਹ७ ΰȄϬϷտᄇҦȃΚȃеέУ༵ࢊоσω֯ ࣏ F ‫ޟ‬ѴΨȂҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬У༵‫ڧ‬ΨПөөѡȂ ‫ڧ‬Ψ෈໢֯Ыҁөѡಋଢ଼ 1 mȇеУ༵‫ڧ‬Ψ Пө႗‫ޢ‬өΰȂ‫ڧ‬Ψ෈໢өΰಋଢ଼ 1mȂԃ

ij ŬŨ Ň Ҧ Ĵ ŬŨ Κ

IJŮ Ň

Ň IJŮ

е ij ŬŨ

ყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄषԪಋଢ଼ႆแϛȂӫΨᄇҦȃΚȃ еέУ༵հђ‫ޟ‬σωϷտ̡࣏Ҧȃ̡Κȃ̡еȂ ࠌդ‫ޱ‬ശωȉ ņ̡ҦеȁȁŇ̡Κȁȁň̡еȁȁʼnέ‫ࣺޱ‬ӣ

3. CȄеᗙ‫ڧ‬१ΨȂ‫ڧܚ‬ӫΨശωȂέ‫ސ‬՝ಋࣺӣȂ‫ܚ‬о W е ȄശωȄ

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ 99

)!̍!* 4. ω຅ࢊ 40N ‫ޟ‬ЫҁΨܻ፴໔࣏ 10kg ‫ޟ‬ᓡٙȂՌᓗХ໠ۖ‫ݼ‬Ψ‫ޟ‬Пөಋଢ଼ 20m ࡣୄή‫پ‬ӄ਀Ȃ࡬ѽႄَ൭൭Ȃ൭൭ߒҰौΙଔᔓԔ௰ٙȂܻ࢐‫ڍ‬Ρ൷ Өࢊ 25N ‫ޟ‬ЫҁΨܻᓡٙȂ᝷៉‫ݼ‬Ψ‫ޟ‬Пөಋଢ଼ 30m ‫ڗ‬ႀఀࡉȂषᓡٙಋଢ଼ ਢኞᔢΨ‫ ࣏ۡھ‬10NȄࠌܰႀఀࡉਢȂᓡٙଢ଼૖ӻЍฐՆȉ ņ 450JȁȁŇ 1000Jȁȁň 1200Jȁȁʼn 2000J 4. CȄ ѫॎᆗ‫ڍ‬ΡΙଔ௰ଢ଼‫ޟ‬໦ࢲ։џȂȞ25 ɮ 25 ɯ 10ȟɰ 30 ɶ 1200JȄ

)!̋!* 5. ѡყ࣏࢚ೲٙ፴໔ 1000 ϴОհ‫ޢ‬ጣၼଢ଼‫ޟ‬ ՝ည (x) ᇄਢ໢ (t) ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ყȂೲٙӵ t ɶ 0 ਢ໠ۖಋଢ଼Ȃषೲٙϱೲ‫ސ‬፴໔‫ۡھ‬ϚᡐȂ ࠌೲ‫ސ‬ӵήӖ঺Ιᒵ໶ϛ‫ڍޟ‬এਢ‫ޟړ‬ଢ଼૖ ࣺ৯ശσȉ ņ t ɶ 20 ϷЅ t ɶ 40 Ϸ Ň t ɶ 40 ϷЅ t ɶ 55 Ϸ ň t ɶ 55 ϷЅ t ɶ 65 Ϸ ʼn t ɶ 80 ϷЅ t ɶ 100 Ϸ

Ź ĩϴ٨Ī ķı ĵı ijı ı

ijı

ĵı

ķı

Ĺı

IJıı ŵ ĩϷĪ

5. AȄഀ࡙ t ɶ 20 Ϸɵ t ɶ 55 Ϸɵ t ɶ 80 Ϸɵ t ɶ 40 Ϸɶ t ɶ 65 Ϸ =100 ϷȂ‫ܚ‬о A ᒵ໶ϛ‫ڍ‬এਢ‫ޟړ‬ଢ଼૖ࣺ৯ശσȄ

)!̌!* 6. ࡉྣਢȂӵΙএЫҁ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ΰܹԤҦȃΚȃеȃΛѲএࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ા‫ݔ‬Ȃા‫ݔ‬၆ Ԥ‫ސޟ‬፴ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄषశᡝ‫ޟ‬ᇑี‫܇‬౱ϚॎȂࠌࣺᄇܻӴ७ՄِȂ঺Ιএા ‫ݔ‬ϱ‫ސޟ‬፴‫ڏ‬ᐌᡝ‫ޟ‬१Ψ՝૖ശσȉȞϐ‫ޣ‬஝࡙ ȈЫɵҦሖҦ⢅ɵӕ༵ɵؓ ‫ݶܜ‬ȟ Ҧ

Κ

е

Λ

ijıı ŤŮĴ ӕ༵

ijıı Ůō Ы

ijııŮō ҦሖΚ⢰

ijııŤŮĴ ؓ‫ݶܜ‬

ņҦȁȁŇΚȁȁňеȁȁʼnΛ 6. BȄଽ࡙ᇄ‫ސ‬ᡝᡝᑖࣺӣȂЫ‫ޟ‬஝࡙ശσȃ፴໔ശσȂ‫ܚ‬о१Ψ՝૖ശσȄ

)!̍!* 7. ૖໔൐՝࣏ JȞฐՆȟȃΨ൐՝࣏ NȞвႳȟȂߝ࡙൐՝࣏ mȞϴЏȟȂਢ ໢൐՝࣏ sȞऌȟȂҥ൐՝ಢӫ։џ௰‫ޣ‬၎‫ސ‬౩໔‫ސޟ‬౩ཎဎȄђ‫ۡޟ‬ဎ࣏ հҢΨॸо‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ݼ‬հҢΨПө‫ޟ‬՝ಋȂђ౥‫ۡޟ‬ဎ࣏൐՝ਢ໢ϱ‫ܚ‬հ‫ޟ‬ђȂ ҥԪџ‫ޣ‬ήӖդ‫࣏ޱ‬ђ౥‫ޟ‬൐՝ȉ (A) JȆsȁȁ(B) NȆmȆsȁȁ(C) J/sȁȁ(D) NȆs )!̌!* 8. ҦȃΚ‫ߜڍ‬឴౨‫ޟ‬፴໔࣏֯ 4kgȂ஠ҦȃΚϷտಋՍ H ҦȃH Κ‫ޟ‬ଽ࡙ȞH Ҧɵ H ΚȟȂӣਢҥᓗХភܹȂᡱѺঈհՌҥဣᡝၼଢ଼Ȃငႆ 1 ऌមȂ‫ۦ֯ޱڍ‬Ґ ဣӴȂԪᕡ໢ҦȃΚ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼૖Ϸտ࣏ K ҦȃK ΚȂҦȃΚࣺᄇܻЫҁӴ७‫ޟ‬१Ψ ՝૖Ϸտ࣏ U ҦȃU ΚȂष‫܇‬౱ު੉ߢΨȂήӖᜰ߽Ԓդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ K Ҧɶ K ΚȂU Ҧɶ U ΚȁȁŇ K Ҧɶ K ΚȂU Ҧɵ U Κ ň K Ҧɵ K ΚȂU Ҧɶ U Κȁȁʼn K Ҧɵ K ΚȂU Ҧɴ U Κ 8. BȄ‫ޱڍ‬ဣήଽ࡙ࣺӣȂ१Ψ՝૖̟Ҧɵ U ΚȂ‫ޱڍ‬ഀ࡙ࣺӣȂ‫ܚ‬о K Ҧɶ K ΚȄ

100 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ᚠ ಢ ȶଽުኆၰȷၼଢ଼ϛȂӵΡ‫܁‬ή௬ဣ‫ޟ‬ႆแȂցҢᛮӵΡ٘ΰ‫ޟ‬੫੆ᐜጲᛱЛ ኤΡ‫ޟ‬ᡝ१Ȅᐌএႆแ୤ՃѡყȂყϛຎጣ࣏ЫҁጣȂၐӱ๎ 9. ʂ 10. ᚠȈ Ҧ

Κ

е

ᛱ ন ߝ

Λ

҇

಑ΙԩІኆ ‫ڗ‬ശଽᘈ ശࡣᓗХ

өήဣ ‫ޟ‬ႆแ ဣ‫ڗ‬ശճᘈ ོІኆөΰ

)!̌!* 9. ӵყϛе‫ڗ‬Λ‫ޟ‬ႆแȂΡ‫ޟ‬१Ψ՝૖ᇄᐜጲᛱ‫ޟ‬ኆΨ՝૖ᡐϽ௑‫࣏ל‬դȉ ņ१Ψ՝૖ംᅚቨёȂኆΨ՝૖ംᅚ෵Ѝ Ň१Ψ՝૖ംᅚቨёȂኆΨ՝૖ӑ෵ࡣቨ ň१Ψ՝૖ംᅚ෵ЍȂኆΨ՝૖ംᅚቨё ʼn१Ψ՝૖ംᅚ෵ЍȂኆΨ՝૖ംᅚ෵Ѝ 9. BȄΡΰЀȂ‫ܚ‬о१Ψ՝૖ംᅚቨёȂᐜጲᛱᕻ฻ࡣШনߝ฻ȞೝᔆᕻȟȂ‫ܚ‬оኆΨ՝૖ӑ෵ࡣቨȄ

)!̎!* 10. ӵყϛΚЅ҇‫ڍ‬೎Ȃ૖໔Шၶ௑‫ל‬դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņΡ‫ޟ‬१Ψ՝૖ΚၶσȁȁŇᐜጲᛱ‫ޟ‬ኆΨ՝૖Κၶσ ňΡ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼૖ΚၶσȁȁȁȁʼnΡ‫ޟ‬१Ψ՝૖ᇄᐜጲᛱ‫ޟ‬ኆΨ՝૖ᖂ‫้ࣺڷ‬ 10.DȄΡଽ࡙ࣺӣȂ१Ψ՝૖ࣺӣȂᛱߝࣺӣȂኆΨ՝૖ࣺӣȄ҇ϛΡᓗХଢ଼૖ၶωȄ

)!̌!* 11. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ፴໔ 1 ϴО‫ސޟ‬ᡝᓗညӵӎ ķŏ

ྤఇ७‫ۻ‬ഋȂఇ७ߝ 5 ϴЏȂ࿋ࢊо 6 N ‫ޟ‬ശωΨџо஠‫ڏ‬ጥጥΰ‫ܜ‬Սఇ७ഥഋਢ Ȃg ɶ 10m ʝ s2ȂήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉࠌఇ ७ଽӻЍϴЏȉ ņఇ७ଽ 2 ϴЏȁȁŇ‫ܜ‬Սఇ७ഥഋਢࢊΨᄇ‫ސ‬ᡝհђ 30N ňఇ७ଽ 4 ϴЏȁȁʼn‫ܜ‬Սఇ७ഥഋਢࢊΨᄇ‫ސ‬ᡝհђ 60N

11.BȄശωࢊΨ 6 ɶ 10ɰȞH ʟ 5ȟȂH ɶ 3 ϴЏȄ‫ܜ‬Սఇ७ഥഋਢࢊΨᄇ‫ސ‬ᡝհђ 6ɰ5 ɶ 30NȄ

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ 101

१ᘈ

ij

Ψઐᇄᄹజ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃΨઐ ۡ

ဎ ජक़‫ސ‬ᡝᙽଢ଼ᜲܾแ࡙‫ސޟ‬౩໔Ȃᆎ࣏Ψઐ

ᜰ ߽ Ԓ ΨઐȞвႳȅϴЏȟɶΨȞвႳȟ ˪ ΨᖗȞϴЏȟȄ ᇄ ൐ ՝ ։ LȞkgw-mȟɶ FȞkgwȟ ɰ dȞmȟȄ

Ұ ཎ ყ

Πȃᄹజ ᄹ జ ন ౩ ࢊΨ ˪ ࢊΨᖗɶ‫ת‬Ψ ˪ ‫ת‬ΨᖗȄ ၆

ည

ყ

Ұ

Ψᖗσω

੫

‫ܒ‬

Лᘈӵϛ໢

‫ת‬Ψᘈӵϛ໢

ࢊΨᘈӵϛ໢

ࢊΨᖗ้ܻ‫ת‬Ψᖗ

ࢊΨᖗσܻ‫ת‬Ψᖗ

ࢊΨᖗωܻ‫ת‬Ψᖗ

ࢊΨПө‫׽‬ᡐȇ ϚΙۡࣸΨ‫ࣸܖ‬ਢȄ

ࢊΨПөϚᡐȇ ҆ࣸΨາਢȄ

ࢊΨПөϚᡐȇ ҆າΨࣸਢȄ

102 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

έȃᎈ໅ᇄྤᎈ ၆ည

ᎈȁȁ໅

ۡྤᎈ

ଢ଼ྤᎈ

Лᘈӵϛ໢

‫ת‬Ψᘈӵϛ໢

ყҰ

ᄹజ ᜸࠮ Лᘈӵϛ໢

੫‫ܒ‬

Fɶ

r W R

ࣸΨາਢ

Лᘈӵϛ໢ Fɶ

R W r

າΨࣸਢ

FɶW

Fɶ

ϚࣸΨζϚࣸਢ

1 W 2

ࣸΨາਢ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ ΙȃУЏ‫ᙽޟ‬ଢ଼ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

؏ ᡽ Ι

፡ᐌ‫ڍ‬ᆒਮྥᖳ๛Ȃ‫ٺ‬УЏᆰࡻ ЫҁᓗХ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ

؏ ᡽ Π

஠௮႙ઔጆ௮ӵУЏЛ࢜ѡ୏಑ ΙਿȄ

؏ ᡽ έ

஠௮႙ઔጆ‫׽‬௮ӵУЏЛ࢜ѡ୏ ಑ϤਿȄ

Ұȁཎȁყ

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ 103

؏ ᡽ Ѳ

஠‫ڍ‬এ௮႙ઔጆΙଔ௮ӵУЏЛ ࢜ѡ୏಑Ϥਿ‫ޟ‬՝ညȄ

ӵУЏЛ࢜‫୏ڍ‬௮ΰ௮႙ઔጆȂ

؏ ᡽ Ϥ

ӑᡱУЏႀЫҁᓗХȂ‫ٮ‬஠Ѿѡ ‫୏ڍ‬௮႙ઔጆ‫ޟ‬१໔‫ڷ‬௮႙ઔጆ ‫ܚ‬௮՝ည‫ڗ‬УЏϛЖ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔࣺॸ ȇӔ‫׽‬ᡐϚӣ௮႙ઔጆኵ໔‫ڷ‬՝ ညኵԩȂ஠๖‫ݎ‬଄ᓃȄ

ΙૡՄِȂγ࢐џоᙓ๿‫ۡھ‬ᘈ‫ᙽܖ‬໅ఋᙽ‫ޟ‬฽෕Ȃ೽ᆎ࣏ᄹజȄ Մ၎‫ۡھ‬ᘈ‫ᙽܖ‬໅ᆎ࣏ЛᘈȂΨ‫ޟ‬հҢጣᇄЛᘈϞ໢‫ޢ࠭ޟ‬ຽᚔȂ ᆎ࣏ΨᖗȄ ᄂ ᡛ ๖ ‫ ݎ‬ජक़‫ސ‬ᡝᙽଢ଼ᜲܾแ࡙‫ސޟ‬౩໔Ȃᆎ࣏ΨઐȄ ԃ‫ސݎ‬ᡝ‫ޟڗڧ‬հҢΨσω࣏ FȂΨᖗ࣏ dȂ‫ސ‬ᡝ‫ޟڗڧ‬Ψઐ࣏ LȂ ࠌέ‫ޟޱ‬ᜰ߽џоήԒߒҰȈ Ψઐ ɶΨ ɰ ΨᖗȂ։ L ɶ F ɰ dȄ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̍!* 1. Ιਲ਼१໔џ‫܇‬౱Ϛॎ‫ޟ‬ᄹజо O ᘈ࣏ЛᘈȂӵజ ΰ‫ ޟ‬aȃbȃc έ೎Ϸտ‫ ڗڧ‬FaȃFbȃFc έএПө ᇄᄹజ࠭‫ޟޢ‬ΨհҢȂи aȃbȃc έ೎‫ ڗ‬O ᘈ‫ޟ‬ ຽᚔШ࣏ 2Ȉ3Ȉ4Ȃԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄषϚՃኌᄹజᇄ Лᘈ໢‫ޟ‬ኞᔢΨȂ࿋ᄹజ‫ޟڗڧܚ‬ӫΨຽ࣏Ⴍਢ

Ňţ

Ţ

ŇŢ

Ȃࠌ FaȈFbȃFc џ૖࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 4Ȉ4Ȉ5ȁȁ Ň 2Ȉ3Ȉ4 ň 5Ȉ2Ȉ1ȁȁ ʼn 4Ȉ2Ȉ3

104 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ő

Ť

ţ

1. CȄFaɰ2 ɶ Fbɰ3 ɮ Fcɰ4 ȁ FaȈFbȃFc ɶ 5Ȉ2Ȉ1 ಒӫौؑȄ

ŇŤ

)!̌!* 2. ஠ҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ઔጆоಠጣࣺ೿‫ٮ‬ၮႆۡྤ ᎈȂ‫ڍٺ‬ઔጆຽᚔӴ७Ϛӣଽ࡙Ȃԃყ ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ࿋ҥᓗХՌҥភܹࡣȂҦઔጆ ΰЀȂΚઔጆή६Ȃԃყ Ȅ୅೩ಠጣ Ѕۡྤᎈ‫ޟ‬१໔ϚॎȂиಠጣᇄۡྤᎈ

Κ Κ

Ҧ

໢ԤኞᔢΨȂӵઔጆၼଢ଼‫ޟ‬ႆแϛȂή Ҧ Ӗ঺Ιᒵ໶ϛ‫ސޟ‬౩໔ࣱ࢐෵Ѝȉ ყȞΙȟ ყȞΠȟ ņҦ‫ޟ‬ΨᏰ૖ȂΚ‫ޟ‬ΨᏰ૖ ŇΚ‫ޟ‬ΨᏰ૖Ѕ՝૖ ňҦ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼૖ȂΚ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼૖ 2. BȄҥଢ଼‫ڗ‬ᓗȂ‫ޟޱڍ‬ଢ଼૖ࣱቨёȂҦЀଽȂ՝૖ ቨёȂΨᏰ૖ቨёȄΚή६Ȃ՝૖ᇄΨᏰ૖෵ЍȄ ʼnҦ‫ޟ‬՝૖ )!̎!* 3. ҦȃΚȃеέএΡՍഏѴ៩ᕊȂԤΙᗻσүᓞӵᕊӴ‫ޟ‬ϛѵȂ࣏Ο஠σ үᓞಋ໠ȂтঈցҢΙਲ਼஀฽и१໔ϷҀ֯Ϻ‫ޟ‬УෙȂоΙᗻωүᓞ࿋ հ Л ᘈȂ ԃ ყ ‫ ܚ‬ҰȄ ष Ҧȃ Κȃ е ‫ ࢊ ܚ‬ө ή ‫ ࢊ ޟ‬Ψ ᘈ Ϸ տ ࢐ xyz ᘈȂ ࿋ ࡬૖ಋଢ଼σүᓞਢȂդ‫ࢊޱ‬Ψ‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ȶ໷ਢមΨઐ‫ڷ‬ȷσω࣏ശσȉ σүᓞ

Ż

ź Лᘈ

ıįĶ Ů

ıįĶ Ů

Ź

ıįĶ Ů

໷ ਢ ବ П ө

ıįĶ Ů

ņҦȁȁŇΚȁȁňеȁȁʼnέΡࣺӣ

Ň

3. DȄ3 Ρ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ψઐ഍้ܻүᓞ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ΨઐȄ

)!̍!* 4. ࢊ‫ؘ‬ҢΙਲ਼ߝ࡙࣏ 160 cm ‫֯ޟ‬ϺУ෕Ȃ‫ڍ‬ᆒϷտ᝚௮ ፴໔Ө࣏ 4 kg Ѕ m kg ‫ޟ‬१‫ސ‬ȂтҢ޸ᆼЛኤӵУ෕‫ޟ‬ ϛЖᘈΰȂ‫ܻٮ‬ϛЖᘈ‫ޟ‬Ѿ୏ 40 cm ೎႗‫ޢ‬өΰࢊΨ F ɶ 2 kgwȂϗ૖‫ٺ‬У෕߳ࡻЫҁᓗХҁᒋȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ ҰȄषУ෕‫ޟ‬፴໔‫܇‬౱ϚॎȂࠌԪ m ࣏ӻЍϴОȉ ņ 1ȁȁŇ 2ȁȁň 3ȁȁʼn 4

ĵ ŬŨ

ŮŬŨ

4. CȄ4ɰ80 ɶ mɰ80 ɮ 2ɰ40m ɶ 3Ȅ

)!̎!* 5. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӵΙএᄹజ‫୏ڍ‬ϷտоಠᛱӤ௮ᛸՈ

ಠᛱ

ᇄ੦ᓳȂӤ௮ࡣᄹజϫ߳ࡻЫҁҁᒋȄषᄹజȃಠ ᛱ‫ޟ‬፴໔ᇄЛᘈ೎‫ޟ‬ኞᔢΨࣱ‫܇‬౱ϚॎȂϐ‫ޣ‬ಠᛱ ᄇᄹజ‫ܜޟ‬Ψ 9 kgw ࠌήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ

ĵı ŤŮ

ijı ŤŮ Л ᘈ

ņᛸՈ‫ޟ‬፴໔࣏ 2 kgw Ň੦ᓳ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬໷ਢមΨઐ࣏ 2.4 kgwȆm ň੦ᓳ‫ޟ‬፴໔࣏ 4.5 kgw ʼnᛸՈ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ψઐ࣏ 1.2 kgwȆm

੦ᓳ

ᛸՈ

5. DȄ፴໔Ш ʖ ᛸՈȈ੦ᓳɶ 2Ȉ1 ᛸՈ፴໔ 6kgwȂ੦ᓳ 3kgwȄ੦ᓳ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ଛਢមΨઐ࣏ 1.2 kgwȆmȄ

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ 105

)!̎!* 6. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӵྤᎈಢ‫ྤޟ‬ᎈΰϷտ௮ΰઔጆҦ‫ڍ‬এЅΚ ઔጆΙএȂ࡬ԁႀᓗΨҁᒋȂϐ‫ޣ‬ଢ଼ྤᎈᇄۡྤᎈ‫ޟ‬ј৷ Ш࣏ 2Ȉ1Ȃषྤᎈ१ȃᛱ१ЅኞᔢΨࣱ֯џ‫܇‬౱ϚॎȂ ҦȃΚ१໔ᜰ߽࣏դȉ ņҦɶ 2 ΚȁȁŇҦɶ 4 Κ

Ҧ

ň 2 ҦɶΚȁȁʼnҦɶΚ

Ҧ

Κ

6. DȄ2 ҦȈΚɶ 2Ȉ1ȄҦɶΚȄ

)!̌!* 7. ष‫܇‬౱ኞᔢΨиؐএྤᎈ 2 kgwȂԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӵྤᎈಢ ‫ྤޟ‬ᎈΰ௮ΰઔጆҦࡣȂࢊΨ 20 kgw ࡬ԁႀᓗΨҁᒋȂ ࠌҦ፴໔ӻЍϴОȉ ņ 36ȁȁŇ 38 ň 39ȁȁʼn 30 )!̌!* 8. ԃѡყȂΙᄹజ߳ࡻЫҁȂЛᘈӵѾᆒ ȂӒߝ࣏ 10cmȄӵᄹజѡᆒࢊϠ႗‫ޢ‬ ө ΰ 3N Ѕ Ы ҁ ө Ѿ 4N ‫ ޟ‬ΨȂ ӵ ᄹ జ ѾᆒࢊϠ႗‫ޢ‬өή 3N ЅЫҁөѡ 4N ‫ޟ‬ ΨȂԪѲΨᄇᄹజ౰ҡӫΨઐᔖ࢐ӻЍ NȆcm ȉ ņ 0ȁȁŇ 30ȁȁň 60ȁȁʼn 140

ࢊΨ ijı ŬŨŸ Ҧ Ĵŏ ĵŏ

ĵŏ Ĵŏ

8. BȄ೽ႆЛᘈΨϚོഅԙΨઐȂѫԤѡᆒ 3N ‫ޟ‬ΨԤΨઐɶ 3ɰ10 ɶ 30NȆcmȄ

)!̌!* 9. ԃѡყȂщ‫ڍې‬ΡҢΙУ෕ӫඪΙ१‫ސ‬Ȃ१‫ސ‬௮ӵ ຽщ 1.4 ϴЏȂຽ‫ ې‬1.6 ϴЏ೎ႀᓗΨҁᒋȄ೩෕१ џ‫܇‬౱Ȃषщ‫ޟ‬ΰඪ‫ޟ‬ΨШ‫ېې‬ӻ 1 ϴО१Ȃࠌ१ ‫࣏ސ‬ӻЍϴО१ȉ 9. BȄ‫ې‬ΰඪ‫ޟ‬Ψ FȂ ņ 14ȁȁŇ 15 Fɰ1.6 ɶȞF ɮ 1ȟɰ1.4 ň 16ȁȁʼn 18 F ɶ 7 Ȃ‫ސ‬१ɶ 7 ɮ 7 ɮ 1 ɶ 15 ϴО१Ȅ )!̎!* 10. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂӵᄹజЛᘈ‫ޟ‬Ѿ୏ 15cm Ѕ ѡ୏ 10cm ೎ȂϷտ௮ΰҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬१‫ސ‬Ȃ Ԫਢᄹజ߳ࡻЫҁҁᒋȄष஠Κ‫ޟ‬᝚௮՝ ညөѾಋଢ଼ 5cm и஠Ҧ‫ޟ‬፴໔෵јȂӵ‫܇‬ ౱ኞᔢΨЅᄹజ፴໔‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ήȂҦ‫ޟ‬᝚௮ ՝ည၎ԃդಋଢ଼Ȃϗ૖‫ٺ‬ᄹజϫณ߳ࡻЫ ҁҁᒋȉ ņөѾಋଢ଼ 2.5 cmȁȁŇөѡಋଢ଼ 2 cm ňөѡಋଢ଼ 5 cmȁȁ ʼnϚҢಋଢ଼

106 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

IJĶ ŤŮ

IJı ŤŮ Л ᘈ

Ҧ

Κ

10.DȄҦо፴໔Ш 2Ȉ3 Ȃ೩१໔ 2W Ѕ 3WȂཱི‫ޟ‬໷ਢមΨઐɶ 3Wɰ5 ɶ 15WȂ‫ܚ‬оҦȞ१໔ᡐ Wȟཱི࣏‫ޟ‬Ψ ᖗᔖ࣏ 15cmȂ‫ܚ‬оϚҢಋଢ଼Ȅ

१ᘈ

Ĵ

ఇ७ᇄᙏ൐ᐠడ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ Ιȃఇ७ᇄᖳఋ ۡဎ

ఇ७

ᖳఋȞఇ७‫ޟ‬ᔖҢȟ

ყҰ

੫‫ܒ‬

Fɶ

h WȂࣸΨາਢȄ L

ᖳ઴ཕ஝ȂཕࣸΨາਢȄ

Πȃᙏ൐ᐠడ ၆ည

ࢊΨᖗɵ‫ת‬Ψᖗ

ࢊΨᖗɴ‫ת‬Ψᖗ

ࢊΨᖗɶ‫ת‬Ψᖗ

ࣸਢາΨ

າΨࣸਢ

ϚࣸਢϚࣸΨ

ყҰ

੫ ‫ࣸ ܒ‬ਢ‫ࣸܖ‬ΨȂԃ‫ݎ‬ϚࣸΨ‫ܖ‬ϚࣸਢȂ൷࢐ҢܻП߯ᐇհȂծฒ‫ࣸݲ‬ђȄ Ϛॎᐠడ१໔ЅኞᔢΨਢȂђ࣏Ȉ ࢊΨ ˪ ࢊΨ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ຽᚔɶ‫ސ‬१ ˪ ‫ސ‬ᡝಋଢ଼ຽᚔ

಑ΪΙണȁђᇄᐠడၼҢ 107

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ‫ލލ‬ள๿‫ڋ‬υᇄτ‫ڗڋ‬ϴ༪‫ޖ‬᜙᜙‫ݖ‬ȂέΡ‫ޟֲܚ‬՝ညԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ‫ލލ‬ȃ‫ڋ‬ υȃτ‫ޟڋ‬ᡝ१Ϸտ࣏ 75 kgwȃ20 kgwȃ25 kgwȄԪਢȶ‫ޟލލ‬ᡝ१‫ٺ‬᜙᜙ ‫ݖ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ψઐσωȷσܻȶ‫ڋ‬υᇄτ‫ޟڋ‬ᡝ१‫ٺ‬᜙᜙‫ݖ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ψઐσω‫ڷ‬ȷȂ ᜙᜙‫ݖ‬஠ইө‫ލލ‬٥ΙᆒȂषтঈ‫ה‬ఖ෵Ѝ‫ڍ‬᜞Ψઐ‫ޟ‬৯ຽȂࠌήӖ፡ᐌ՝ ည‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ঺Ιএџ૖ႀ‫ڗ‬тঈ‫ޟ‬Ҭ‫ޟ‬ȉ ‫ڋ‬υ

‫ލލ‬ Л ᘈ

Ҧ

τ‫ڋ‬

Κ

Ӵ७

ņ‫ލލ‬඲‫ڗ‬՝ညҦȁȁŇ‫ڋ‬υ඲‫ڗ‬՝ညΚ ňτ‫ڋ‬඲‫ڗ‬՝ညΚȁȁʼn‫ڋ‬υȃτ‫ޟڋ‬՝ညϣ඲ 1. BȄौ෵Ѝ‫ڍ‬᜞Ψઐ‫ޟ‬৯ຽȂሯौቨёυτ‫ޟ‬Ψઐ‫࢐ܖ‬෵Ѝ‫ޟލލ‬ΨઐȄ

)!̎!* 2. ԃѡყȂछԃӵϚӣ՝ညࢊΨ F1ȃF2Ȃభ஠Ι֯Ϻ؅ ፴‫ޟ‬༫࢘௰ΰ໦ఘȂϐ‫ޣ‬༫ј৷ 50 cmȂ໦ఘଽ࡙ 20 cmȂ༫࢘१ 6 kgwȂषоЫҁΨ௰ଢ଼༫࢘ΰ໦ఘ‫ܚ‬ሯ ‫ޟ‬հҢΨശω F1Ȃषо࠭‫ޢ‬Ψ௰ଢ଼༫࢘ΰ໦ఘ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ հҢΨശω F2Ȃࠌ F1ȈF2 ‫ޟ‬Ш঄࣏դȉ ņ 4/3 Ň 8/9 2. BȄF1 Ψᖗ 80cm, F2 Ψᖗ 90cm, ‫ڍ‬Ψ‫ל‬ԙ‫ޟ‬ ň 3/4 Ψઐ้ࣺȂ‫ܚ‬о F1ȈF2 ‫ޟ‬Ш 9Ȉ8Ȅ ʼn 9/8

ŇIJ Ňij

)!̋!* 3. ष F ߒҰࢊΨȂW ߒҰ‫ת‬ΨȂࠌȶ‫ٺ‬ҢࡾҦ୘ਢȂ ყϛఇጣഋϷȷ࢐឴ܻήӖ঺Ιᆍᄹజȉ Ň

Ř

ȁȁŇ

ņ Ň

Ř

Ň

ȁȁʼn

ň Ř

108 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ř

Ň

3. AȄ‫ת‬Ψᘈӵϛ໢Ȅ

಑

ΪΠ ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ᇯᜋஅҏႫၯ ᄂȁᡛ ႫᔆᇄႫࢺ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽

ၯ Ⴋ ҏ அ

१ᘈ

IJ

ᇯᜋஅҏႫၯ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃᓗႫ ۡ

ဎ

๘ጢᡝࣺϣኞᔢਢȂѫԤႫυȞள॒ႫȟོᙽಋȄ

֜ߣᇄ௶Ҍ

ଔႫПԒ

ளғႫ

ள॒Ⴋ

ϚளႫ

ளғႫ

௶Ҍ

֜Е

֜Е

ள॒Ⴋ

֜Е

௶Ҍ

֜Е

ϚளႫ

֜Е

֜Е

ɯ

ኞᔢଔႫ

๘ጢᡝӰࣺϣኞᔢՄளԤᓗႫȄ

ཐᔖଔႫ

ցҢᓗႫཐᔖᇄ௥ӴȂ‫ٺ‬ᏲᡝளғႫ‫॒ܖ‬ႫȄ

௥ញଔႫ

ցҢளႫᡝ௥ញᏲᡝȂ‫ٺ‬ᏲᡝளғႫ‫॒ܖ‬ႫȄ

Πȃ՛ᖒ‫ٮڷ‬ᖒ‫ޟ‬৯౴ ՛ ‫ ٮ‬ᖒ

՛ᖒ

‫ٮ‬ᖒ

+

+

+

8

Ⴋ ၯ ყ

8

8

+

+

8 8

+

8

Ⴋ

ᔆ

V ɶ V 1 ɮ V2

V ɶ V 1 ɶ V2

Ⴋ

ࢺ

I ɶ I1 ɶ I2

I ɶ I1 ɮ I2

Ⴋ

ߢ

R ՛ɶ R1 ɮ R2

1 1 1 ɶ ɮ R ‫ ٮ‬R1 R2

110 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

+

έȃႫᏰ൐՝ ‫ ސ‬౩ ໔

൐՝

ཎဎЅᙽ඲ 1e ɶႫυႫ໔ 1e ɶ 1.6ɰ 10 ɯ 19C

Ⴋ

໔

৲গ CȂஅҏႫ೉ e

Ⴋ

ࢺ

Ԋஉ AȂయԊஉ mA

Ⴋ

ᔆ

Ӆ੫ V

1V ɶ 1

J ȞฐՆ / ৲গȟ c

Ⴋ

ߢ

ዉ‫͖ ۓ‬

1͖ ɶ 1

V ȞӅ੫ / Ԋஉȟ A

1A ɶ 1

c Ȟ৲গ / ऌȟ s

Ѳȃዉ‫ࡡۡۓ‬

ۡ

ӵߜ឴Ᏺᡝྣ࡙Ϛᡐ‫ޟ‬నӇήȂᏲᡝ‫ڍ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬ႫᔆȞVȟᇄࢺငᏲᡝ V ‫ޟ‬ႫࢺȞIȟԤғШᜰ߽Ȃ‫ڏ‬Ш঄Ȟ ȟ࣏Ιۡ঄ȂԪ౪ຫᆎ࣏ዉ I ‫ࡡۡۓ‬Ȅ ဎ V1 V2 ։ ɶ ɶۡ঄Ȅ I1 I2 ც ࣹ Ŋij

Ұ ཎ ყ ŊIJ

ı

ŗIJ

ŗij ცᕅ

ϤȃႫߢ Ⴋߢ‫ޟ‬σωᇄᏲᡝ‫ޟ‬؅ਟᆍ᜸ԤᜰȂߜȃሚȃማ้ߜ឴࢐Ⴋ‫يޟ‬ ᏲᡝȂႫߢၶωȇ࣠ይȃᐜጲࠌ࢐๘ጢᡝȂႫߢၶσȄ ଶΟ؅ਟҏ٘‫ܒޟ‬፴ѴȂႫߢ‫ޟ‬σωζᇄߝ࡙Ѕᄠ७ᑖԤᜰȄ࿋ ࢊё‫ޟۡھ‬ႫᔆਢȂषᏲጣ‫ޟ‬ᄠ७ᑖཕσȞᏲጣཕಗȟȂࠌႫυ σ

ω

ཕৠܾ೽ႆᏲጣȂӰԪᏲጣ‫ޟ‬ႫߢཕωȂႫࢺཕσȄ षᏲጣ‫࡙ߝޟ‬ཕߝȂࠌႫυᇄᏲጣϱনυ࿦ኡ‫ޟ‬ᐠོཕӻȂႫυ ཕϚৠܾ೽ႆᏲጣȂӰԪႫߢཕσȂႫࢺཕωȄᄇӣΙ؅፴‫ޟ‬Ᏺ ጣՄِȂᏲጣ‫ޟ‬ႫߢȞRȟ‫ڷ‬Ᏺጣ‫ޟ‬ᄠ७ᑖȞAȟԙІШȂ‫ڷ‬Ᏺጣ ‫࡙ߝޟ‬ȞLȟԙғШȄ

฻

ၯ ႫԱ‫ܖ‬ႫᏢᇄᏲጣ‫ٮ‬ᖒȂᡱႫߢ௃ճႫߢၯጣငႆȄ ಑ΪΠണȁஅҏႫၯ 111

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ ΙȃႫᔆᇄႫࢺᜰ߽ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

؏ ᡽ Ι ‫ ڥ‬5 ዉ‫ۓ‬ႫߢᏢȂ஠Ⴋၯ೿௥Ȅ

؏ ᡽ Π

‫וٷ‬՛௥ 0 ʂ 4 এႫԱȂࡸή໠ᜰࡣȂϷտ଄ᓃӅ੫ॎᇄయԊஉॎ‫ޟ‬᠞ ኵȄ 쨣

஠ aȃb ໢ႫߢᏢ‫ٷ‬ԩ‫؁‬඲࣏ 10 ዉ‫ۓ‬ȃ20 ዉ ؏ ᡽ έ ‫ۓ‬ႫߢᏢȂ१ፒ؏᡽ΠȄ

8

쨡 쨣

C

D

O#

쨡

؏ ᡽ Ѳ ӵ aȃb ໢՛ᖒ‫ڍ‬న 10 ዉ‫ۓ‬ႫߢᏢȂ१ፒ؏᡽ΠȄ ؏ ᡽ Ϥ ӵ aȃb ໢‫ٮ‬ᖒ‫ڍ‬న 10 ዉ‫ۓ‬ႫߢᏢȂ१ፒ؏᡽ΠȄ ؏ ᡽ ϲ ցҢ؏᡽Π‫ڗ‬ϤȂᛲᇧႫࢺȞIȟᇄႫᔆȞVȟ‫ ޟ‬IșV ᜰ߽ყȄ

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

ႫࢺᇄႫᔆ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ყ࣏೽ႆনᘈ‫ޟ‬ఇ‫ޢ‬ጣȂᡗҰ‫֕ޱڍ‬ғШᜰ߽Ȅ ႫߢᏢ‫ڍ‬ᆒ௥ࣺӣႫԱኵਢȂႫߢᏢႫߢ঄ཕω‫ޱ‬Ȃ೽ႆႫࢺཕσȄ Ⴋၯϛ՛ᖒ‫ڍ‬এႫߢོ‫ٺ‬Ⴋၯϛ‫ޟ‬ᖂႫߢᡐσȄ Ⴋၯϛ‫ٮ‬ᖒ‫ڍ‬এႫߢོ‫ٺ‬Ⴋၯϛ‫ޟ‬ᖂႫߢᡐωȄ

112 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ོՃᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. Ⴋၯ၆ညԃѡყȂ೽ႆԊஉॎ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ࣏ 0.45 AȄषέএႫ ߢᏢ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢ࣏֯ R ዉ‫ۓ‬Ȃи֯ಒӫዉ‫ࡡۡۓ‬ȂᏲጣȃԊஉ

#

ॎЅႫԱ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢџ‫܇‬౱ϚॎȂࠌӵ໠ᜰ S ϸᘞԙᘞၯࡣȂ ೽ႆԊஉॎ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺᔖ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 0.15Aȁȁ Ň 0.30Aȁȁ ň 0.45Aȁȁ

5

ʼn 0.60A

1. BȄࢺႆΙএႫߢ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ =0.45/3=0.15AȂS ϸᘞԙᘞၯࡣȂ೽ႆԊஉॎ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ =0.15ɰ2=0.30AȄ

)!̎!* 2. ΙႫၯ၆ညԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂᐷ‫ݾ‬ҦȃΚȃеȃΛ‫ޟ‬ೣਿ֯ ࣺӣȄषႫԱᇄᐷ‫֯ݾ‬џғல‫ٺ‬ҢȂࠌ঺Ιᗻᐷ‫ݾ‬ᐷ๛

ࣼ

঱ Ⴈ

ᐶᘞࡣȂོᏲम‫ڏ‬тέᗻᐷ‫֯ݾ‬Ϛོ߫ȉ ņҦȁȁ ŇΚȁȁ ňеȁȁ ʼnΛ

ᢅ

2. DȄࢺငΛ‫࢐ޟ‬ᖂႫࢺȂΛᐶྒႫၯΰ։ฒӈդႫࢺȄ

)!̌!* 3. ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂҦᐷ‫ݾ‬ശ߫ȃΚԩϞȂеശུȂࠌᄇέ ᐷ‫ޟݾ‬ШၶȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņҦ‫ڍ‬ᐷႫࢺശσ Ňؐऌࢺႆέএᐷ‫ޟݾ‬Ⴋ໔ࣺӣ ňеᐷ‫ڍݾ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬Ⴋᔆശσ ʼnέএᐷ‫ڍݾ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬Ⴋᔆ഍ᇄႫԱႫᔆࣺӣ

঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ

ǖ౸

3. BȄέᐷ‫ݾ‬՛ᖒȂႫࢺࣺӣȄႫᔆϚΙࣺۡӣȄ

)!̌!* 4. ωཱིୈႫᏰᄂᡛȂ஠๖‫ݎ‬ᡛᆗࡣȂጂۡҦȃΚЅе έనಗಠࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ᚉሞ๛ϞႫߢᇄ‫࡙ߝڏ‬ԙғШȄέ ЈࡣȂωཱིእቸൢ֙ਢȂี౪ᒸᅓΟ X-Y ‫ڍ‬এኵᐃȂ ԃѡߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࠌήӖ঺Ιಢኵᐃ࢐ XȃY ശӫ౩‫ޟ‬ ኵ঄ȉ ņ X ɶ 15 cmȂY ɶ 0.4 A Ň X ɶ 15 cmȂY ɶ 1.6 A ň X ɶ 30 cmȂY ɶ 0.8 A ʼn X ɶ 60 cmȂY ɶ 1.2 A

ᚉሞ๛

Ҧ

Κ

е

ߝ࡙

4.0 cm

X

60 cm

Ӆ੫ॎ ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ

Y

9.0 V

36V

Ԋஉॎ ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵ

0.4A

0.6 A

0.6 A

4. BȄႫߢ঄ᇄߝ࡙ԙғШȂ36/0.6=60ȂؐϴϷႫߢ 1 ዉ‫ۓ‬Ȃ4=Y/0.4ȂY=1.6Ȃ9/0.6=15ȂX=15 ϴϷȄ

಑ΪΠണȁஅҏႫၯ 113

)!̋!* 5. ωཱི҈໠ል௡ᏢϱഋȂࣼ‫ڗ‬Ԥԃყ‫ޟ‬ႫԱ ৴၆ညȂყϛ‫ޟ‬ɮȃɯϷտфߒԊ၆ਢႫ Աғȃ॒ྃᘛܹ‫ޟ‬՝ညȄषӵԪႫԱ৴ΰ ၆‫ڍ‬এႫᔆ࣏֯ 1.5V ‫ޟ‬ႫԱȂџ‫ٺ‬ყϛ௥ ю‫ޟ‬Ᏺጣ‫ڍ‬ᆒඪ‫ ټ‬1.5V ‫ޟ‬ႫᔆȂࠌႫԱ৴ ϱഋ‫ޟ‬Ⴋၯ೩ॎᔖಒӫήӖդᆍ௑‫ל‬ȉ

ǖ౸ǝ 2

졲

조

조

4

͎ࣂ 8 ǖ‫إ‬ 3

졲

조

5

졲

‫ݹ‬

Ȣ

ņ PȃQ ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽ȂRȃS ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽Ȃ‫ڍ‬ᗻႫԱ࣏‫ٮ‬ᖒ Ň PȃQ ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽ȂRȃS ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽Ȃ‫ڍ‬ᗻႫԱ࣏՛ᖒ ň PȃQ ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽ȂRȃS ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽Ȃ‫ڍ‬ᗻႫԱ࣏‫ٮ‬ᖒ ʼn PȃQ ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽ȂRȃS ‫ڍ‬ᘈ௥೽Ȃ‫ڍ‬ᗻႫԱ࣏՛ᖒ 5. AȄඪ‫ ټ‬1.5V ‫ޟ‬ႫᔆȂႫԱ‫ٮ‬ᖒ ғғȃ॒​॒ࣺ௥Ȅ

)!̋!* 6. ள॒Ⴋ༭ጲЏᎬߖন‫پ‬ϚளႫߜ឴༫౨ȂѺঈႫ ೉‫ޟ‬ϷҀԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ౨ϱȶғȷԅфߒ၎೎ғႫ ೉ӻܻ॒Ⴋ೉Ȃȶ॒ȷԅࠌࣺІȂࠌήӖఄक़դ ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ

ർ൵ഀ

‫ݹ‬

̇͏Ѝ

ņߜ឴౨ΰ‫ޟ‬ғႫ೉໔ᇄ॒Ⴋ೉໔ϫณ้ࣺ Ňߜ឴౨ΰғȃ॒Ⴋ೉Ϸ໠‫ޟ‬౪ຫ࢐Ⴋυᇄ፴υΙଔಋଢ଼‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ ňߜ឴౨ΰғȃ॒Ⴋ೉Ϸ໠‫ޟ‬౪ຫ࢐፴υΙଔಋଢ଼‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ ʼnߜ឴౨॒Ⴋ೉ၶӻ‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐Ӱ࣏༭ጲЏΰ‫॒ޟ‬Ⴋ೉ಋ‫ߜڗ‬឴౨‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ 6. AȄѫԤ౨ϱ‫ޟ‬Ⴋυಋଢ଼അԙԪ๖‫ݎ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о A ғጂȄ

)!̋!* 7. ҦȃΚȃеέనႫߢጣ೽ႫਢႫᔆ V ᇄႫࢺ I Ϟᜰ߽ԃ ѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ୅೩೻έనႫߢጣ࢐ҥࣺӣ‫ޟ‬؅ਟᇧԙȂѺ ঈߝ࡙ϚӣȂಗಠࣺӣȂߝ࡙Ϸտ࣏ L ҦȃL Κȃ L еȂи ყϛ‫ޟ‬έనጣࣱ࣏‫ޢ‬ጣȂࠌήӖᜰ߽դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ L Ҧɵ L Κɵ L е Ň L Ҧɵ L Κɵ L е ň L Κɵ L Ҧɵ L е ʼn L еɵ L Κɵ L Ҧ

8

঱ Ⴈ ᢅ

+

7. AȄߝ࡙ཕߝႫߢཕσȂႫᔆࣺӣਢҦႫࢺശωȂ‫ܚ‬оႫߢശσȂߝ࡙ശߝȄ ঱ ঱ )!̍!* 8. ყ ᇄყ Ⴋၯ‫ޟ‬ШၶȂήӖఄक़դ‫ޱ‬ശᎌ ࿋ȉ Ⴈ ņყ ႫၯϛᖂႫߢၶσ # # Ň‫ڍ‬ყϛҦᐷ‫ڍݾ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬Ⴋᔆࣺӣ 8 8 ʍȕ ʍĂ ňყ ೽ႆԊஉॎႫࢺၶσ 8. CȄყ Ҧೝ฻ၯȂņňႫၯϛᖂႫߢၶωȂ೽ႆԊஉॎ ႫࢺၶσȂҦႫᔆ࣏ႭȂႫࢺ࣏ႭȂҦᐷ‫ޟݾ‬ႫࢺϚᡐȄ ʼn೽ႆҦᐷ‫ޟݾ‬Ⴋࢺࣺӣ

114 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

Ⴈ

)!̍!* 9. ΙႫၯ၆ညԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂყϛᏲጣႫߢᇄႫԱϱႫߢ‫܇‬౱ ϚॎȂҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬এᐷ‫ࣱݾ‬ғலี߫ȄषӰᐷ‫ݾ‬ΚᐶྒՄ ‫ٺ‬Ⴋࢺฒ‫ݲ‬೽ႆȂࠌԤᜰᐷ‫ݾ‬Κᐶྒࡣ‫ޟ‬ఄक़ȂήӖդ ‫ޱ‬ശӫ౩ȉ ņӰႫၯีҡᘞၯՄ‫ٺ‬ᐷ‫ݾ‬ҦӵҐᐶྒ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ήᅫྞ

Ҧ Κ

ŇӰႫၯีҡ฻ၯՄ‫ٺ‬ᐷ‫ݾ‬ҦӵҐᐶྒ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ήᅫྞ ňᐷ‫ݾ‬Ҧϫณғலี໔иࢺငᐷ‫ݾ‬Ҧ‫ޟ‬ႫࢺσωϫϚᡐ ʼnࢺငᐷ‫ݾ‬Ҧ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺᡐ࣏নҏ‫ ޟ‬2 ॻ 9. CȄҦΚ‫ޢ‬௥ᇄႫԱ‫ٮ‬ᖒȂҦ‫ޟ‬ႫࢺϚӰΚՄ‫׽‬ᡐȄ

)!̎!* 10. ѲЛࣺӣ؅፴‫ޟ‬ᄂЖማ෕Ȃᄠ७Ϸտ࣏ғέُ‫ל‬ЅғП‫ל‬Ȃማ෕Ө᜞‫ޟ‬᜞ߝ ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄϐ‫ޣ‬ғέُ‫ޟל‬७ᑖωܻғП‫ޟל‬७ᑖȄषϷտ஠೻ѲЛᒳԈ ዉ‫ޟࡡۡۓ‬ማ෕ࠉࡣ‫ڍ‬ᆒоࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ႫԱ௥೽ࡣȂࢺငማ෕‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ EO EO EO

ŷ

EO

ǡ EO

EO

঱

Ⴈ

EO

EO

ᢅ

ņҦ෕‫ޟ‬ႫࢺശσȂе෕‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺശω ŇҦ෕‫ޟ‬ႫࢺശσȂе෕‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺശω ňΛ෕‫ޟ‬ႫࢺശσȂΚ෕‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺശω ʼnΚ෕‫ޟ‬ႫࢺശσȂΛ෕‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺശω

ࣼ

10. DȄΛശಠάശߝȂ‫ܚ‬оႫߢശσȂࢺင‫ޟ‬ ႫࢺശωȄΚശಗάശ฻Ȃ‫ܚ‬оႫߢശωȂ ࢺင‫ޟ‬ႫࢺശσȄ

)!̌!* 11. ΙႫၯ၆ညԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂࢺငᏲጣΰҦᄠ७‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ࣏

঱

0.5 ԊஉȂӵ 2 ϷមϱԤ 12x এႫυ೽ႆᏲጣΰ‫ޟ‬Ԫ ᄠ७Ȅष፡ᐌ‫ࢺޢ‬ႫྛቨёႫᔆȂ‫ࢺٺ‬ငᏲጣΰҦ ᄠ७‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺᡐ࣏ 2 ԊஉȂࠌӵඁϷមϱོԤ 60x এ Ⴋυ೽ႆԪᏲጣΰ‫ޟ‬Ҧᄠ७ȉ ņ 1.5 Ϸមȁȁ Ň 2.5 Ϸមȁȁ ň 3.5 Ϸមȁȁ ʼn 6.5 Ϸម

10. BȄ0.5A ɶ

12x Ȃx ɶ 5Ȃ2A » (60ɰ5) ɶ 150 ( ऌ ) ɶ 2.5 ( Ϸម )Ȅ 2ɰ60

಑ΪΠണȁஅҏႫၯ 115

)!̍!* 12. ԤΙႫၯ၆ညԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂL1ȃL2 ࣏‫ڍ‬ೣਿࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ᐷ ‫ݾ‬иџғல‫ٺ‬ҢȂषᏲጣȃႫԱЅԊஉॎ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢ‫܇‬

#

#

#

౱ϚॎȂԊஉॎ A1ȃA2ȃA3 ‫ܚ‬กு‫ޟ‬᠞ኵϷտ࣏

.

.

I1ȃI2ȃI3Ȃࠌ I1ȃI2ȃI3 ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ I1 ɶ I2 ɶ I3ȁȁŇ I1 ɶ I2 ɮ I3ȁȁ ň I3 ɶ I1 ɮ I2ȁȁʼn I2 ɶ I1 ɮ I3 12. CȄI3 ɶᖂႫࢺ = ‫ڍ‬ϷЛႫࢺᖂ‫ڷ‬Ȅ

O#

Ԋஉॎΰ RȃU ‫ڍ‬ᘈ೿௥ȂయԊஉॎΰᡗ Ұ‫ޟ‬᠞ኵԃܹσყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄყϛ R ࣏॒ ( ɯ ) ྃ ᆒ υȂSȃTȃU Ϸ տ ࣏ 50 mAȃ500

O#

#

졲

ǖ೤،

조

#

졲

ᚠ ಢ ɖ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 13. ʂ 14. ᚠȈ ΙႫၯ၆ညԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂԊԊ‫ٺ‬ҢయԊஉॎ ໔กႫၯΰ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ঄ȂԪਢᏲጣϷտᇄయ

조

졲 4

5

6

7

mAȃ5000 mA ‫ޟ‬ғ ( ɮ ) ྃᆒυȄ )!̌!* 13. ϐ‫ޣ‬ԪႫၯϛ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ႫԱႫᔆ࣏ 9VȂषႫԱϱႫߢᇄᏲጣ‫ڷ‬Ԋஉॎ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢ‫܇‬ ౱ϚॎȂࠌҥყΰ‫ܚ‬᠞‫ޟڥ‬Ⴋࢺ঄‫پ‬ॎᆗȂႫߢᏢ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢ঄ശ௥ߖήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 0.3͖ȁȁŇ 3͖ȁȁň 30͖ȁȁʼn 300͖ 13. BȄ9=3ɰRȂR=3͖Ȅ

)!̎!* 14. षԊԊौ໔ก‫؁‬ᆠጂ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ঄ȂࠌԂᔖ၎ԃդ‫؁‬ଢ଼Ԋஉॎ‫ޟ‬೿௥ПԒȉ ņ஠নҏ೿௥ӵ R ᘈ‫ޟ‬Ᏺጣ‫׽‬௥‫ ڗ‬S ᘈ Ň஠নҏ೿௥ӵ U ᘈ‫ޟ‬Ᏺጣ‫׽‬௥‫ ڗ‬T ᘈ ň஠নҏ೿௥ӵ U ᘈ‫ޟ‬Ᏺጣ‫׽‬௥‫ ڗ‬S ᘈ ʼnฒ‫ݲ‬໔ก‫؁‬ᆠጂ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ঄ 14. DȄӰ࣏Ⴋࢺ 3AȂ‫ܚ‬оฒ‫ݲ‬௥ T(500 mA)Ȅ

)!̋!* 15. ࢚Ᏺᡝ೽ႫࡣȂω๼ก໔‫ڏ‬ႫᔆᇄႫࢺ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ ี౪ԪέಢኵᐃॎᆗюԪᏲᡝ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢ঄σωࣺӣȂ ‫ٮ‬஠๖‫ݎ‬଄ᓃܻߒਿȄՄࡣࠓี౪ኵᐃᎏᏎЫ௫ ᇐȂԃߒ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ୅೩ԪᏲᡝᒳԈዉ‫ࡡۡۓ‬Ȃࠌߒ ϛ಑έԩก໔‫ܚ‬ுϞႫࢺ঄ᔖ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņ 0.5 A

Ň 1.0 A

ň 1.5 A

15. AȄႫߢࣺӣ =9/0.3=15/IȂI=0.5AȄ

116 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ʼn 3.0 A

ǖ‫إ‬ 8 ljĂơ

ljȕơ

ljƁơ

ǖȸ #

ǖ೤ 쇜

಑

Ϊέ

Ψ ᆄ ᇄ Ⴋࢺਝᔖ

ണ

‫׾‬౱Ҭ኿ १ᘈΙ ᄂȁᡛ ᄂȁᡛ ᄂȁᡛ १ᘈΠ ᄂȁᡛ

Ⴋࢺ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖ ᎙ማႫԱ Ы‫ޟ‬Ⴋ၌ ಅሖማྙశ‫ޟ‬Ⴋ၌ Ⴋࢺᇄᆄൟ‫ޟ‬ҺϣհҢ ᖳጣᆓϱ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ౰ҡ

१ᘈ

IJ

Ⴋࢺ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃႫђ౥ϴԒ ۡ

ᜰ ᇄ

ဎ

߽ ൐

Ԓ ՝

Ⴋྛӵ൐՝ਢ໢ϱඪ‫ޟټ‬Ⴋ૖Ȃ‫ܖ‬ႫᏢӵ൐՝ਢ໢ϱ‫ܚ‬ੑૉ‫ޟ‬Ⴋ ૖Ȃᆎ࣏Ⴋђ౥Ȟᙏᆎђ౥ȟȄ ԃ‫ݎ‬о E ߒҰႫ૖Ȃt ߒҰਢ໢ȂࠌႫђ౥ P џоߒҰ࣏Ȉ E Ⴋ૖ ȞP ɶ ȟ Ⴋђ౥ɶ ਢ໢ t Ⴋ૖൐՝ȈฐՆȞJȟȂਢ໢൐՝ȈऌȞsȟȂႫђ౥൐՝Ȉҟ੫ȞWȟȄ ԃ‫ݎ‬஠ E ɶ IɰtɰVȂфΣΰԒȂࠌႫђ౥һџߒҰ࣏Ȉ Ⴋђ౥ȞPȟɶႫࢺȞIȟɰ ႫᔆȞVȟɶႫࢺ 2ȞI2ȟɰ ႫߢȞRȟ ɶႫᔆȞV2ȟ/ ႫߢȞRȟ

ϚӣႫᏢ՛ᖒȂႫࢺ I ࣺӣȂҢ P ɶ I2 ɰ R րᘞђ౥σωȄ V2 ՛‫ٮ‬ᖒ৯౴ րᘞђ౥σωȄ ϚӣႫᏢ‫ٮ‬ᖒȂႫᔆ V ࣺӣȂҢ P ɶ R ΠȃႫђ౥ᔖҢ Ιૡড়৳ႫᏢࣱԤ኿Ұғጂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ⴋᔆ‫ڷ‬Ⴋђ౥Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ : ֚ॳᐠ኿ Ұ 110Vȃ1000WȄ

ႫᏢ኿Ұ

௥ΰ᚞ۡႫᔆ 110V Ȟғல‫ٺ‬Ңȟ

ૉႫђ౥࣏ 1000WȞؐऌૉႫ 1000 ฐՆȟȄ

Ⴋᔆωܻ 110VȂૉႫђ౥σܻ 1000WȞႫ Ꮲৠܾཬᚽȟ ࿋ ௥ ΰ Ϛ ࢐ 110V Ⴋᔆσܻ 110VȂૉႫђ౥ωܻ 1000WȞႫ ȞϚғல‫ٺ‬Ңȟ ᏢϚ૖ีථғலђ૖ȟ E ȂE ɶ PɰtȄ t Ⴋ૖ॎᆗ Ⴋ૖ EȈฐՆȞJȟɶҟȞwȟɰ ऌȞtȟ ϴ Ԓ ࡙ȞkwhȟɶνҟȞkwȟɰ ωਢȞhȟȂႫΨϴѧоȶ࡙ȷ‫پ‬ॎາȂ 1 ࡙ɶ 3.6ɰ106JȄ Pɶ

118 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

έȃҡࣀலَႫྛ ႫΨϴѧඪ‫ټ‬՞И‫ޟ‬ҺࢺႫྛȂӓԤέనႫྛጣȈ‫ڍ‬నࣀጣȞ߹ᆎ ЬጣȟȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ AȃC ጣȇΙనϛ‫ܒ‬ጣȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ B ጣȄ೻έనႫྛጣင ႆҟਢॎȞ߹ᆎႫߒȟȃ଩ႫዺȞ߹ᆎ໠ᜰ጑ȟȂӔоႫጣ೿௥‫ڗ‬ ড়ϛࣺϣ‫ٮ‬ᖒ‫ޟ‬ӨএႫྛඨ৴Ȅ

24 Ss24!0!

B)К‫ݑ‬።* )ıŗ*

IJIJıŗ IJIJıŗ

LJMPXBUUIPVST

ijijıŗ

221W0331W!!41)311*B!!71I{

IJIJıŗ

C )ࣿ።* )ɲIJIJıŗ*

୨ ც ġġ ጹ ġġ

ড়ϛႫྛ

๑ᆦບ༟ᝯ

Ӟ੡঍ )ცࠑ*

A )ࣿ።* )ɲIJIJıŗ*

IJIJıŗ ࣾ֗ᑟ ijijıŗ

ც໛

ຊც

Ԕፐ

ֽઈᑟ

๺ᗀ ࣿ።

К‫ݑ‬። ።

ࣿ። ።

ࣿ።

К‫ݑ‬። ።

ࣿ።

ࠜᗀ

తԳ

తԳ

ғྃȈPbO2 ܹႫོᡐԙ PbSO4 ႗ᇋႫԱ

॒ྃȈPb ܹႫོᡐԙ PbSO4 Ⴋ၌శȈH2SO4

லҢႫԱ ᆇ᎙ႫԱ

ғྃȈᆇȞүᏎȟȂᄂሬІᔖ‫࣏ސ‬Π੊ϽᒾȞMnO2ȟ ॒ྃȈ᎙ȞZnȟ Ⴋ၌శȈ෩ϽሡȞNH4Clȟ

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 119

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃ᎙ማႫԱ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

‫ ڥ‬250 యЀᐶ‫ڍݔ‬এȂӨຮΰҦȃΚ኿ᡆȂ ؏

؏

᡽

᡽

Ι

Ҧ‫ݔ‬ёΣ 0.1 M ಅሖ᎙ྙశ‫ڗ‬ΤϷᅖȂΚ ‫ݔ‬ёΣ 0.1 M ಅሖማྙశ‫ڗ‬ΤϷᅖȄ

Π

஠᎙аညܻҦᐶ‫ݔ‬ȂማаညܻΚᐶ‫ݔ‬Ȃо Ᏺጣ೿௥᎙аȃማа‫ڷ‬ᔮࢺॎȞ᎙а௥॒ ྃᆒυȟȂᢎᄆᔮࢺॎࡾବ‫ޟ‬ᡐϽȄ

؏

᡽

έ

ӵ U ‫ל‬ᆓϛইΣ 1 M ฼ሖ႕ྙశȂ‫ٮ‬஠ ‫ڍ‬ᆓοҢෝ߆༬՞Ȃ၇७ϚџԤު੉Ȃо ջߢ๘ႫࢺȄ

؏

᡽

Ѳ

஠ U ‫ל‬ᆓইည‫ڍ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂᢎᄆ‫ٮ‬଄ᓃᐶ ‫ݔ‬ȃႫྃЅᔮࢺॎࡾବ‫ޟ‬ᡐϽȄ

U ‫ל‬ᆓညΣࠉȂᔮࢺॎ᠞ኵ࣏ 0ȂߒҰ‫ؠ‬ԤႫࢺ೽ႆȄ U ‫ל‬ᆓညΣࡣȂᔮࢺॎ‫ࡾޟ‬ବϗོ୑ᙽȂߒҰԤႫࢺ೽ႆȄ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬ Κᐶ‫ྙݔ‬శϛ‫ޟ‬ማᚔυு‫ڗ‬ႫυȂᗙনԙማՄߣܻማаΰȂ‫ٺ‬ማ а‫ޟ‬१໔ቨёȄ

120 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ΠȃЫ‫ޟ‬Ⴋ၌ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏

؏

؏

؏

؏

؏

᡽

᡽

᡽

᡽

᡽

᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ι

о‫ݛڍ‬ଟ઴ବȞ‫ܖ‬ᆇ෕ȟ࣏ႫྃȂϷտ‫ڷ‬ Ᏺጣ೿௥Ȃៈᙓ೎о๘ጢጲளѓ՞ȂϚौ ‫ٺ‬ӈդᏲጣϱ‫ޟ‬ማጣѴ៩Ȅ

Π

σᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛ၆Σఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశघ 2 » 3 ‫ݔ‬Ȃ ஠‫ݛڍ‬ଟ઴ବϷտඨΣσᐶ‫ݔ‬ϛȂ௥೽Ⴋ ࢺȂᢎᄆଟ઴ବΰԤฒ੉‫ݾ‬౰ҡȄ‫ڍװ‬ଟ ઴ବᎬߖᇄಋሉȂࣼ​ࣼԤդϚӣȄ

έ

஠‫ڍ‬Лಗಠࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ၐᆓоωᐶ‫ݔ‬၆ᅖఱ੊ Ͻ໘ྙశࡣȂоЙࡾࡸ՞ၐᆓοȂইඨΣ σᐶ‫ޟݔ‬ఱ੊Ͻ໘ྙశϛȂ‫ݧ‬ཎȈၐᆓϱ Ϛ૖Ԥު੉Ȅ

Ѳ

ωЖ‫ݛڍװޟ‬ଟ઴ବϷտܹΣ‫ڍ‬Лၐᆓ ϱȂᇄғྃ೿௥࣏ၐᆓ AȂᇄ॒ྃ೿௥࣏ ၐᆓ BȂ௥೽ႫྛȂᢎᄆၐᆓ Aȃၐᆓ B ϱ‫ޟ‬శ७ᡐϽ‫פ‬ᄚȄ

Ϥ

оЙࡾᔆ՞ၐᆓοȂ஠ၐᆓՌྙశϛ‫ڥ‬ юȂইᙽၐᆓȂ‫ٺ‬ᆓοөΰȂ஠੼ԤᎷᘴ ‫ޟ‬ጣॷٞഀඨΣၐᆓ AȂᢎᄆၐᆓϱ‫੉ޟ‬ ᡝ૖Ϛ૖ᔓօᐽᐶȄ

ϲ

஠ԤЬฑ‫ޟ‬ጣॷᄚᄚಋߖၐᆓ B ᆓοࡣȂ ܹ໠ЙࡾȂᢎᄆ੉ᡝ૖Ϛ૖ᐽᐶȂጣॷԤ դᡐϽȄ

Ұȁཎȁყ

B

ғྃ౰‫ ࣏ސ‬O2Ȃ॒ྃ౰‫ ࣏ސ‬H2 ғ॒ྃ౰‫ސ‬ᡝᑖШ࣏ 1Ȉ2Ȃ፴໔Ш࣏ 8Ȉ1Ȅ ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬ ІᔖԒȈ

A

1 G

* G

Ⴋ၌

2 H2O(Ɛ) ˕˕ʖ 2 H2(g ) ɮ O2(g )

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 121

έȃಅሖማྙశ‫ޟ‬Ⴋ၌ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏

᡽

Ι

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұȁཎȁყ

஠ಅሖማྙశইΣ U ‫ל‬ᆓϱघΤϷᅖȂ Ӕ஠Ԫ U ‫ל‬ᆓညܻ 500 యЀ‫ޟ‬ᐶ‫ݔ‬ϱȞᗗ ջ༊ইȟȄ

ஃգ

؏

᡽

Π

оߣԤᢦധֶ‫ޟ‬Ᏺጣ೿௥‫ڍ‬ਲ਼ᆇ෕ȂܹΣ U ‫ל‬ᆓѾѡ‫ڍ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬ಅሖማྙశϛȂ‫ٺ‬ᆇ෕ ‫ޟ‬έϷϞΠ੔ΣྙశϛȄ

ᇆด

؏

᡽

έ

ҢᏲጣ‫ װ‬6V ႫԱಢ‫ޟ‬ғྃȃ॒ྃ௥‫؏ڗ‬ ᡽Π‫ޟ‬ᆇ෕Ȅ೽Ⴋ 5 ϷមȂᢎᄆ U ‫ל‬ᆓ Ѿѡ‫ڍ‬ᆒႫྃΰ‫ޟ‬ᡐϽȄ

ቚѯ

؏

᡽

Ѳ

‫׽‬ҢማаȂ१ፒ؏᡽Π‫؏ڷ‬᡽έȄ

оማ෕Ⴋ၌ಅሖማȈ ғྃІᔖȈ2H2O ʖ 4H ɮ ɮ O2 ɮ 4e ɯ ॒ྃІᔖȈCu2+ ɮ 2e ɯ ʖ Cu ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬ оүᏎ෕Ⴋ၌ಅሖማȈ ғྃІᔖȈCu ʖ Cu2+ ɮ 2e ɯ ॒ྃІᔖȈCu2+ ɮ 2e ɯ ʖ Cu

122 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ ᚠ ಢ ɖ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 1. ʂ 2. ᚠȈ ӕ጑ΰ኿ҰϛؐԑੑૉႫ໔‫࡙ޟ‬ኵೝ༯༃ΟȂϚႆ‫ڏ‬ϛȶ૖ྛӰኵ঄ȷᗙ࡞఼ ཿȂࡾ၎ӕ጑ؐТੑૉΙ࡙Ⴋ૖‫ٺ‬Ԫৠᑖ 16 ϴЀ‫ޟ‬ӕ጑ีථғல‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃၐ ӱ๎ήӖ୰ᚠȈ )!̎!* 1. ᜰܻȶ૖ྛӰኵ঄ȷ‫ޟ‬ఄक़ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņৠᑖσ‫ޟ‬ӕ጑Ԫኵ঄҆ณၶσ ŇԪኵ঄ၶω‫ޟ‬ӕ጑ΙԑႫ࡙ኵ҆ณၶӻ ňԪኵ঄ၶσ‫ޟ‬ӕ጑ΙԑႫ࡙ኵ҆ณၶЍ ʼnԪኵ঄ၶω‫ޟ‬ӕ጑ࣺᄇШၶࣸႫ 1. DȄABC ᒵ໶ȂᄂሬҢႫ໔ᗙሯՃኌӕ጑σωȄ

)!̌!* 2. Ԫӕ጑ΙԑТႫ࡙ኵӻЍ࡙ȉ ņ 16ɰ12ȁȁȁȁ Ň (490 ʝ 16)ɰ12 ň 490ɰ16ɰ12ȁ ʼn (16 ʝ 490)ɰ12

2. BȄΙТҢႫ (490/16) ࡙Ȅ

)!̋!* 3. Ղৱ፜ߡҕ‫ߡڷ‬ϦӨ೩ॎΙএႫၯȂԪႫၯሯ 8 8 쇜 ӣਢႀ‫ڗ‬ήӖέএौؑȈ 쇜 쇜 쇜 쇜 쇜 ȅѓ֤έএႫߢᏢ‫ڷ‬ΙএႫԱȄ ‫ث‬ΦĀѴ̟ʍ ‫ث‬മĀѴ̟ʍ ȅࢺႆέএႫߢᏢ‫ޟ‬ႫࢺσωࣺӣȄ ȅέএႫߢᏢ‫ޟ‬Ⴋђ౥ࣺӣȄ ߡҕ‫ߡڷ‬Ϧ೩ॎ‫ޟ‬Ⴋၯყԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂष‫܇‬౱ᏲጣႫߢ‫ڷ‬ႫԱϱႫߢȂࠌᜰܻ ‫ڍ‬Ρ‫ޟ‬೩ॎყ࢐֏ಒӫՂৱ‫ޟ‬έএौؑȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņѫԤߡҕಒӫ ŇѫԤߡϦಒӫ ňߡҕ‫ߡڷ‬Ϧ഍ಒӫ ʼnߡҕ‫ߡڷ‬Ϧ഍Ϛಒӫ 3. AȄߡϦႫၯყࢺငശѡ୏Ⴋߢ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ࢐‫ڏ‬т‫ॻڍޟ‬Ȅ

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 123

ᚠ ಢ ɖ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 4. ʂ 5. ᚠȈ ωߧ஠ѓ၆οॷᑥ‫ޟ‬᎟ᆙા୘ԙԃѡყϛ‫ܚ‬Ұ ‫ޑלޟ‬ȂყϛҦȃе‫ڍ‬೎ᄠ७७ᑖ้ࣺȂϛѵ

঱ ൕ਷

Κ೎ᄠ७७ᑖၶҦȃе೎ωȄ௥๿Ԃ‫ڥ‬ΙএႫ ᔆ࣏ 9 V ‫ޟ‬ႫԱȂ‫ٺٮ‬ຘ୘ႆ‫ޟ‬᎟ᆙા֕ࡿ‫ל‬ ᠉ԢȂᡱ‫ڍ‬ᆒఇጣ೎Ϸտ௥ញႫԱ‫ޟ‬ғྃȃ॒

)!̎!* 4. ፜୰ଔЬᐽᐶ‫ޟ‬՝ည࢐঺၇ȉনӰ࣏դȉ ņҦȂശᎬߖғྃȂႫ૖ശ஼ ŇΚȂࢺငΚ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺശσ ňеȂႫυҥႫԱ॒ྃࢺюȂӑ௥ញ‫ڗ‬е ʼnΚȂΚߣߖ‫ޟ‬Ⴋߢശσ 4. DȄΚߣߖᏲᡝၶબȂႫߢၶσȂૉႫђ౥ၶσȄ ঱ Ⴈ ᢅ ࣼ

ņҦȁȁ ŇΚȁȁ ňеȁȁ ʼnΛ 5. CȄᏲᡝཕಠȃཕߝȂႫߢཕσȄ

)!̋!* 6. ԃѡყȂ୅೩ᐷ‫ݾ‬Ⴋߢ‫ۡھ‬Ȅषϐ‫ޣ‬ᐷ‫ݾ‬ૉႫђ౥෵ј Ҧ Ⴋࢺ෵јȇƀ Κ ႫྛႫᔆᡐ ΟȂࠌоդᆍᡐϽϚӫ౩ȉƀ 1 е Ⴋྛ‫ټ‬Ⴋђ౥෵јȇƀ Λ ႫྛႫᔆ෵ј ) ॻȇƀ ɳ2 ņҦΛ ŇΚе ňΚ ʼnΛ (

124 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ᢅ

Ȣԫ ‫ݹ‬ԫ

ྃȂ௥ញࡣ᎟ᆙાྣ࡙ΰЀȂᓍ։ӵҦΚеέ ೎ϛ‫࢚ޟ‬೎ଔЬᐽᐶȄ

)!̍!* 5. ୤Ճѡყ஠᎟ᆙા୘ԙҦȃΚȃеȃΛѲᆍ‫ל‬ ‫ޑ‬Ȃϐ‫ޣ‬୘ή‫ޟ‬᎟ᆙા‫ڍ‬ᆒ഍џоӣਢ௥ញ‫ڗ‬ ႫԱ‫ྃڍޟ‬Ȃࠌӣਢ೽ႫΙོࡣȂีឈ᎟ᆙ‫ޟ‬ ྣ࡙݂ᡗϚӣȂࠌ‫ٺ‬Ң঺Ιএ᎟ᆙાྣ࡙ശ ଽȉ

Ⴈ

ǖ۷

)!̋!* 7. ԃѡყȂω‫ݓ‬Ղৱᐠٙΰ‫ޟ‬႗ᇋႫԱ‫ؠ‬ႫΟȂད ᙤҥՂ஻Ղৱᐠٙΰ‫ޟ‬႗ᇋႫԱшႫȂ፜୰Ⴋጣ

Ⴈ

2D1 2D

঱

조졲

ौԃդ೿௥ȉ ņҦ௥Π੊Ͻ႗ྃȂΚ௥႗ྃ ŇΚ௥Π੊Ͻ႗ྃȂҦ௥႗ྃ ňҦȃΚࣱ௥Π੊Ͻ႗ྃ ʼnҦȃΚࣱ௥႗ྃ

Ň‫ڄ‬Āǖ౸

Ƴ˘Āǖ౸

7. AȄPb ࣏ȶɯȷྃȂPbO2 ࣏ȶɮȷྃȂшႫਢғ௥ғȃ॒௥॒Ȅ

)!̎!* 8. དौก໔᎙ማႫԱ‫ޟ‬ႫᔆȂᔖ၎ԃդ೿௥ȉ ņ

졲

8

조

<P

%W

Ň ȁȁ

조

8

졲

<P

%W

ň ȁȁ

조

8

졲

<P

%W

ʼn ȁȁ

졲

8

조

<P

%W

8. DȄZn ɯ Cu ႫԱҏ‫پ‬൷࢐ႫԱϚሯӔ௥ႫԱȄ

)!̌!* 9. ࢚᎙ማႫԱ‫ޟ‬၆ညԃήყ ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ‫ڏ‬ᔮࢺॎࡾବҥϛѵөѾ୑ᙽȄषоࣺӣ ‫ޟ‬ᔮࢺॎᔮกߜ឴ Xȃߜ឴ Y ‫ܚ‬ಢԙ‫ޟ‬ႫԱȂࡾବҥϛѵөѡ୑ᙽȂԃყ ‫ܚ‬ҰȄᜰܻყ ႫԱ‫॒ྃޟ‬ᇄႫυࢺө‫ޟ‬ఄक़ȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ণȸ̟

ᄶ Ǧ

ণȸ̟ )

॰ ৱ

័ӓᄶዳઃ

័ӓᝦዳઃ

ʍĂ

ᝦ Ǧ

̇ ͏ :

)

̇ ͏ ;

॰ ৱ

ߒ:͹Ŕ ߒ;͹Ŕ ƥǖ̚ઃ ƥǖ̚ઃ ʍȕ

ņߜ឴ X ࣀ‫ܒ‬ωܻߜ឴ YȂႫυҥߜ឴ X ࢺю Ňߜ឴ X ࣀ‫ܒ‬σܻߜ឴ YȂႫυҥߜ឴ X ࢺю ňߜ឴ X ࣀ‫ܒ‬σܻߜ឴ YȂႫυҥߜ឴ Y ࢺю ʼnߜ឴ X ࣀ‫ܒ‬ωܻߜ឴ YȂႫυҥߜ឴ Y ࢺю

9. BȄ᎙ࣀ‫ܒ‬σܻማȂ‫ڍ‬ყႫࢺІөȂ‫ܚ‬оߜ឴ X ࣀ‫ܒ‬σܻߜ឴ YȂX ѶўႫυȄ

)!̍!* 10. ߡΛདौӵ១аΰᗡማȂт஠១а‫ڷ‬ማаϷտ၆ညܻҦȃ

조

Κ‫ڍ‬ᆒհ࣏ႫྃȂԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄԤᜰႫᗡႆแϛ‫ޟྃڍ‬І ᔖȂήӖդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ 2+ ɯ ņҦႫྃϞІᔖԒ࣏ Cu ɮ 2e ʖ Cu 2+ ɯ ŇҦႫྃϞІᔖԒ࣏ Fe ʖ Fe ɮ 2e 2+ eɯ ňΚႫྃϞІᔖԒ࣏ Cu ɮ 2 ʖ Cu 2+ ɯ ʼnΚႫྃϞІᔖԒ࣏ Cu ʖ Cu ɮ 2e

졲

ˢȸ ǖ۷ ঱ Ⴈ

័ӓᄶዳઃ

10. CȄႫυҥႫԱ॒ྃࢺюȂΚȈCu2+ ɮ 2e ɯʖ CuȇҦȈCu ʖ Cu2+ ɮ 2e ɯ

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 125

)!̋!* 11. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂϐ‫ޣ‬ማ‫ޟ‬নυ໔σܻ១Ȃ࿋១а१໔ቨё M պਢȂማа१໔஠ԃդ ᡐϽȉ ņ෵Ѝ M պ Ň෵Ѝ፴໔ωܻ M պ ň෵Ѝ፴໔σܻ M պ ʼnቨё M պ

12.AȄ១ቨё‫ޟ‬፴໔ɶማа෵Ѝ‫ޟ‬፴໔Ȅ

ᚠ ಢ ɖ፜Ꭷ᠞ήӖఄक़ࡣȂӱ๎ 12. ʂ 14. ᚠȈ

C

D

ˢȸǖ۷

ዅቶ‫ٺ‬ҢԃყϞႫᗡ၆ညȂభӵΙ‫װ‬១፴ᢒୠΰᗡማȄ ᄶ Ǧ

‫۾‬ Θ Ⴁ ཅ ័ӓᄶዳઃ

)!̌!* 12. Ⴋᗡࠉӑଶўᢒୠΰ‫ޟ‬រයࡣौҢҦྙశ‫ࢿ؟‬ȂႫᗡ‫ׇ‬ԙശࡣΙ؏᡽ौҢΚ ྙశ‫ࢿ؟‬ᢒୠȂҢҦȃΚ‫ྙڍ‬శӨ࢐դᆍ‫ސ‬፴ȉ ņҦɯ NaOHȂΚɯ HCl ŇҦɯఱ੊Ͻ໘ȂΚɯе⢄ ňҦɯᢄሖȂΚɯе⢄ ʼnҦɯе⢄ȂΚɯੋЫ 12. BȄఱ੊Ͻ໘ў‫ݶ‬ԯȂе⢄‫ୁܾࡣࢿ؟‬Ȅ

)!̎!* 13. ԤᜰႫᗡ၆ည‫ีܚ‬ҡ‫ޟ‬౪ຫȂоήդ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņႫࢺҥႫྛ b ᘈࢺю Ňྙశ᚟Փᡐష ňᢒୠΰ౰ҡማȂማаΰ౰ҡ១ ʼnӒІᔖ࣏ Cu ʖ Cu

13. DȂņႫυҥ b ࢺюȇŇϚᡐȇňѫོԤᢒୠΰҡԙማȄ

)!̋!* 14. षማаᇄ១፴ᢒୠ‫ޟ‬ᖂ፴໔࣏ m ϴպȂӵႫᗡႆแϛȂ‫ޟޱڍ‬ᖂ፴໔ᡐϽ࣏ оդყശ࣏࡬࿋ȉȞনυ໔ȈCu ɶ 64ȂFe ɶ 56ȟ ŇO

ņO

ȓ Ս

ȁȁ

ȓ Ս

ǖះIJǍ

ǖះIJǍ

ňO

ʼnO

ȓ Ս

ȁȁ ǖះIJǍ

126 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

ȓ Ս

ǖះIJǍ

१ᘈ

ij

Ⴋࢺᇄᆄൟ‫ޟ‬ҺϣհҢ

ყߒԁ఼ཿ ΙȃᆄൟᇄᆄΨጣ

ᆄ

ൟ

ᆄ១֜Е១઱Ȃ‫ٺ‬១઱՛ԙΙనన‫ޟ‬ԢጣȂᡗҰᆄ១ᆄΨџоᘗ Ѕ‫ں‬൜‫ުޟ‬໢Ȃ‫ר‬ঈᆎᆄ១ӵު໢ϛ࡚ҳᆄൟȄ ᆄ១‫ں‬൜ԤᆄΨհҢ‫ުޟ‬໢Ȃ։࣏၎ᆄ១‫ޟ‬ᆄൟጒ൜Ȅᆄ១ོᙤ ๿ᆄൟᇄ‫ں‬൜‫ޟ‬ᆄବ౰ҡᆄΨ‫ޟ‬հҢȂᆄବོ߯ӰՄ୑ᙽȄ ᆄବӵᆄൟϛ‫ڧ‬ᆄΨՄ୑ᙽȂ࿋ᆄବᓗХਢȂN ྃ‫ࡾޟ‬ө։࢐ N ྃ ӵ၎ᘈ‫ڧ‬ᆄΨ‫ޟ‬ПөȂ‫ר‬ঈۡဎԪਢᆄବ N ྃ‫ࡾޟ‬ө൷࢐ᆄൟПөȄ

ᆄ

Ψ

ጣ S

N

N

ȁ

S

N

S

N

S

ΠȃႫࢺᆄਝᔖ ೽ԤႫࢺ‫ޟ‬Ᏺጣོ‫ٺ‬Ᏺጣ‫ں‬൜‫ޟ‬ᆄବีҡ୑ᙽȂߒҰၷࢺᏲጣџо ӵ‫ںڏ‬൜౰ҡᆄൟȂ೻ᆍӰႫࢺՄ౰ҡᆄൟ‫ޟ‬౪ຫᆎ࣏Ⴋࢺ‫ޟ‬ᆄਝ ᔖȄ

ဎ

ცࣹўԨ

ࠜߡᐱ።

ۡ

I I N

(I)

N

N

N

N

N N

ᇃඞ ўԨ( B )

I

N I

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 127

࿋ႫࢺПөᇄᆄൟПөϣࣺ࠭‫ޢ‬ਢȂၷࢺᏲጣ‫ڧ‬ΨശσȄ ႫࢺȃᆄൟᇄᏲጣ‫ڧ‬ΨПө‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ȂџҢѡЙ໠ඡۡࠌ‫پ‬ᇳ݂Ȉ ஠ѡЙඡ஻໠ȂѲࡾࡾөᆄൟПөȂσ‫ࡾܮ‬஻໠ᇄѲࡾ࠭‫ޢ‬Ȃࡾ өᏲጣΰ‫ޟ‬ႫࢺПөȂࠌඡЖ௰ю‫ޟ‬Пө։࣏Ᏺጣ‫ڧޟ‬ΨПөȄ ѡЙ໠ඡ ۡ ࠌ

‫ۦ‬ϧўԨ

ᇃඞўԨ ‫ۦ‬ϧўԨ

ᇃඞўԨ

ცࣹўԨȁȁ

ცࣹўԨ

Ⴋଢ଼ᐠȞ଻ႀȟӵҡࣀϛ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢߨலኄ‫ݿ‬Ȃᖞγড়ϛ௥೽ႫྛȞҺ ࢺႫ‫ࢺޢܖ‬ႫȟϞࡣȂࡻ៉Ϛୄᙽଢ଼‫ޟ‬ႫᏢҢࠢȂӻјԤႫଢ଼ᐠ ‫ޟ‬၆ညȄ ᜰܻ‫ࢺޢ‬Ⴋଢ଼ᐠ‫ᙽޟ‬ଢ଼ПөȂџоၼҢѡЙ໠ඡۡࠌ‫پ‬၌ភȄ ‫ࢺޢ‬Ⴋଢ଼ᐠȂႫࢺငႫ‫ڕ‬ᒯΣጣ୼ࡣȂጣ୼ΰ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ‫ڗڧ‬ൟᆄ១ ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ȂՄоଛਢមПө‫ܖ‬໷ਢមПөϚୄᙽଢ଼ȄႫଢ଼ᐠ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ Пө‫ڷ‬ൟᆄ១‫ޟ‬ᆄൟПөོ‫ؚۡ‬Ⴋኾоଛਢម‫ܖ‬໷ਢមПөᙽ ଢ଼Ȅ ඞᇃᠠ

ცዽ ొᚼўԨ

S

N

‫ۦ‬ϧўԨ ცࣹўԨ

༰ცᖖ

Ⴋ

ଢ଼

ᐠ

ᇃඞўԨ

ც‫۔‬

ඞᇃᠠ

ცዽ ొᚼўԨ ᇃඞўԨ

S

N

༰ცᖖ ცࣹўԨ ც‫۔‬

128 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

‫ۦ‬ϧўԨ

ᄂᡛԁጂᄂ Ιȃᖳጣᆓϱ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺ౰ҡ ᄂᡛ؏᡽

؏ȁ᡽ȁᇳȁ݂

Ұཎყ

ᔮࢥ‫ٮ‬፡ᐌᔮࢺॎ‫ࡾޟ‬ବȂ‫ٺ‬ϞᘪႭȂ‫ٮ‬஠ ؏

᡽

Ι

ᖳጣᆓ‫ܹޢ‬Ȃ‫ڥ‬ᖳጣᆓ‫ڍޟ‬నЕጣϷտ೿௥ ᔮࢺॎ‫ڍޟ‬ᆒ௥ᘈȄ

‫ ڥ‬1 এన‫ל‬ᆄ១Ȃ஠ N ྃᄇྥᖳጣᆓοȂ ‫פ‬ഀᎬߖᖳጣᆓȂ‫ڗޢ‬ᐌএᆄ១‫ׇ‬Ӓ໌Σᖳ ؏

؏

᡽

᡽

Π

έ

ጣᆓϱȄᆰࡻᓗХ‫ޑ‬ᄘΙࢲਢ໢ȂӔ‫פ‬ഀ஠ ᆄ១‫ܪ‬юȄᢎᄆన‫ל‬ᆄ១໌ΣȃᓗХЅ‫ܪ‬ю ਢȂᔮࢺॎࡾବԤฒีҡ୑ᙽᇄ୑ᙽПө࣏ դȄ

‫׽‬஠న‫ל‬ᆄ១‫ ޟ‬S ྃᄇྥᖳጣᆓοȂ१ፒ؏ ᡽ΠȂӔ‫׽‬оϚӣ୼ኵ‫ޟ‬ᖳጣᆓȂ१ፒ؏᡽ ΠȄ

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 129

஠న‫ל‬ᆄ១‫ ޟ‬N ྃȞ‫ ܖ‬S ྃȟᄇྥᖳጣᆓ ؏

᡽

Ѳ

οȂϷտоϚӣഀ౥ᎬߖᖳጣᆓοȂ‫ڗޢ‬ᐌ এᆄ១‫ׇ‬Ӓ໌ΣᖳጣᆓϱȄШၶᔮࢺॎࡾବ ୑ᙽُ࡙σωᇄᆄ១ၼଢ଼ഀ౥‫פ‬ᄚ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȅ

࿋ᖳጣᆓϱ‫ޟ‬ᆄൟีҡᡐϽਢȂџо౰ҡཐᔖႫࢺȂ೻ᆍ౪ຫᆎ ࣏ႫᆄཐᔖȂ‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺᆎ࣏ཐᔖႫࢺȄ

ᄂᡛ๖‫ݎ‬

0

S

S

S

N

N

N

0

0

዁ᔣᚠጛಬ )!̌!* 1. ༫‫ל‬ጣ୼Ыҁ೽ႆΙԤ࠭‫໌ޢ‬Σጣ७‫ޟ‬ᆄൟȂԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ ࠌӵႆแϛ঺Ι՝ညȂጣ୼ΰ‫ޟ‬Ⴋࢺശωȉ ņ Ҧȁȁ Ň Κȁȁ ň еȁ ʼn ࣱࣺӣσω

঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ

1. BȄӵΚ՝ညਢȂ೽ႆጣ୼‫ޟ‬ᆄΨጣኵҬ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫׽‬ᡐȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ؠ‬ԤཐᔖႫࢺีҡȄ

)!̌!* 2. ஠೺១෕ȃᏲጣȃ‫ࢺޢ‬Ⴋྛȃࡸή໠ᜰ K ௥೽ႫၯࡣȂ೺ ១෕‫ޟ‬ѡᆒԤΙএ೺១༵ӰᆄΨհҢՄ֜ߣӵ೺១෕ΰȄ ष஠ႫԱႫྃᄇ፡Ȃࠌ೽ႫࡣήӖఄक़ശӫ౩ȉ ņႫࢺҥ P ᘈင໠ᜰ K ࢺө Q ᘈȂ೺១෕ᇄ១༵ϣҌ

2 -

‫۾ݜ‬գ

ŇႫࢺҥ P ᘈင໠ᜰ K ࢺө Q ᘈȂ೺១෕ᇄ១༵ϣ֜ ňႫࢺҥ Q ᘈင໠ᜰ K ࢺө P ᘈȂ೺១෕ᇄ១༵ϣҌ ʼnႫࢺҥ Q ᘈင໠ᜰ K ࢺө P ᘈȂ೺១෕ᇄ១༵ϣ֜ 2. BȄ೺១༵ϫོೝႫᆄ១֜ЕȄ

130 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

3

‫۾ݜ‬Հ

)!̍!* 3. ყ ϛ‫ޟ‬Ιӎྤ࣠ይᆓΰৈΰ‫ڍ‬এᖳጣ ᆓȂࠌყ ϛ‫ޟ‬ႫԱಢȞП਱ȟϛႫԱ ौԃդ௥ਢȂ‫ڍ‬ጣ୼ོࣺϣ௥ߖȉ ņѫԤҦ௥‫ݲ‬ȁȁȁȁȁ ŇѫԤΚ௥‫ݲ‬

රඌϯ ঱

Ⴈ

ǖ౸‫ر‬

Ă

ȕ

ňҦΚ‫ڍ‬ᆍ௥‫ࣱݲ‬џȁȁ ʼnҦΚ‫ڍ‬ᆍ௥‫ࣱݲ‬Ϛџ 3. CȄҦΚ‫ڍ‬ᆍ௥‫ݲ‬ਢȂጣ୼഍࢐౴ྃϣࣺᎬߖȂ‫ܚ‬о഍ོࣺ֜Ȅ

)!̎!* 4. ԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ጣ୼‫௶ٮ‬ȂࠌҦጣ୼ԃդଢ଼հџ ‫ٺ‬Κ‫ޟ‬ᐷ‫߫ี៉ࡻݾ‬ȉ

঱

ɞ‫װ‬Ҧ‫ޟ‬໠ᜰ S ௥೽ ɟ‫װ‬Ҧ‫ޟ‬໠ᜰ S ҥ௥೽ᡐԙᘞၯ ɠᡱҦ‫ޟ‬໠ᜰ S ࡻ៉௥೽ ņ Iȁȁ

Ⴈ

U

Ň IIIȁȁ ň IȃIIȁȁ ʼn IȃIIȃIII ഍Ϛ૖‫ٺ‬ᐷ‫߫ี៉ࡻݾ‬

4. DȄ¤ȃbѫԤᕡ໢ႫࢺȂ¾ฒႫࢺȄ

)!̋!* 5. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂѾȃѡ‫ڍ‬Л೺១෕‫ڍޟ‬ᆒȂBȃC Ѕ AȃD ࣺϣ֜ Ҍ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬դ‫ޱ‬ғጂȉ ņ BȃC ࣺ֜ȂAȃD ࣺ֜ȁȁ Ňؐऌࢺႆέএᐷ‫ޟݾ‬Ⴋ໔ࣺӣ ň BȃC ࣺҌȂAȃD ࣺҌȁȁ ʼn BȃC ࣺҌȂAȃD ࣺ֜ )!̎!* 6. ყ ϛ‫ޟ‬ᆄବ༉‫ڧ‬Ӵ౨ᆄൟհҢȇԃ‫ݎ‬஠ᆄ ବܹӵ೽Ⴋᖳጣᆓ‫ں‬൜Ȟᐌএ၆ညࣱЫҁܹ ညȟȂԃყ ȂषѫԤΙএᆄବ‫ޟ‬ПөϚӫ ౩ȉ ņ aȁȁ Ň bȁȁ

$

%

0

5

5 #

0 &

D

0

E

C

F

ǖ౸‫ر‬ Ă

ȕ

ň cȁȁ ʼnd

6. DȄџ૖Ԥ 2 ᆍ௑‫ל‬ȂҥᚠҬџ‫ޣ‬ѫԤ d ᆄବϚӫ౩Ȅ

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 131

)!̋!* 7. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ‫ڍ‬ጣ୼‫ׇ‬ӒࣺӣȂ‫ޱڍ‬ϞϛܹΙ ᆄ១Ȃ౪ᆄ១өѡಋଢ଼ȂࠌҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬Ρ‫ڗَܚ‬

0 ঱

5

0

5

5

0

)

Ⴈ

)

‫ޟ‬ጣ୼ႫࢺПөӨ࣏ԃդȉ ņҦɯଛਢមȂΚɯଛਢមȁȁ ŇҦɯ໷ਢមȂΚɯ໷ਢម ňҦɯ໷ਢមȂΚɯଛਢមȁȁ ʼnҦɯଛਢមȂΚɯ໷ਢម 7. AȄ‫ٷ‬ѡЙۡࠌџ‫ڍޣ‬Ρ‫َܚ‬Ⴋࢺࣱ࣏ଛਢមȄ

)!̍!* 8. ዅᒊցҢέࢲ้ߝ‫ޟ‬নυ๋జȂϷտоϚӣ ߝ࡙‫ޟ‬ᅘѓጣៈᙓԃყϛϞҦȃΚȃе‫ٮ‬೽

঱

Ⴈ +

ᢅ +

+

оϚӣႫࢺ I1ȃI2ȃI3ȂӔ஠ጣ୼ܹΣଟ઴ବ ౽ϱȂ࿋਌ଔ‫ࡣپ‬Ȃጣ୼഍૖֜ЕࣺӣኵҬ ‫ޟ‬ଟ઴ବȂࠌ I1ȃI2ȃI3 Шၶԃդȉ ņ I3 ɵ I1 ɵ I2ȁȁ Ň I1 ɶ I2 ɶ I3ȁȁ ň I2 ɵ I1 ɵ I3ȁȁ ʼn I1 ɵ I2 ɵ I3

8. CȄषႫࢺࣺӣȂеጣ୼ശ஝ȂᆄΨᔖ၎ശ஼Ȃծ๖‫ݎ‬ᆄΨࣺӣȂ࢈ I3 ശωȂՄ I2 ࠌശσȄ

)!̌!* 9. ԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂҦȃΚ‫ڍ‬ጣ୼‫ׇ‬ӒࣺӣȂеጣ୼іኵ࣏ Κ‫ ޟ‬2 ॻȂ3 এᆄ១‫ׇ‬ӒࣺӣȂՌଽ೎ဣΣጣ୼ϛ࿦ ኡԃਹ७Ȃи഍Ϛᇄጣ୼௥ញȂࠌέጣ୼‫ޟ‬ᔮࢺॎശ σ୑ᙽُ࡙σωШၶ࣏դȉ ņҦɶΚɶеȁȁ ŇеɵҦɵΚ ňеɵҦɶΚȁȁ ʼnΚɵҦɵе

+ 5 0

)

0

0 )

঱

+++ 5

++ 5

) Ⴈ

ᢅ

9. BȄ1 ဴᆄ១ၶଽȂဣήਢഀ࡙ၶ‫פ‬Ȃ࢈ҦɵΚȂάеጣ୼ၶ౏ȂཐᔖႫࢺၶσȂ࢈еɵҦɵΚȄ

)!̍!*10. ‫ܛ‬ΰᚠȂ3 এᆄ១ҥភܹ‫ڗ‬ဣܻਹ७‫ޟ‬ႆแȂդ‫ޱ‬ΨᏰ૖Ȟଢ଼૖ᇄ՝૖ᖂ‫ڷ‬ȟ ཬѶശӻȉ ņ Iȁȁ Ň IIȁȁ ň IIIȁȁ ʼnࣺӣ 10.CȄеႫࢺശσȂၶӻ‫ޟ‬૖໔ᙽ࣏Ⴋ૖Ȃ࢈ΨᏰ૖ཬѶശӻȄ

132 ୽ϛՌณོՃ‫׾‬౱Ȟ౩Ͻȟ

)!̌!*11. ήყϛष v фߒጣ୼‫ܖ‬ᆄ១‫ޟ‬ಋଢ଼ഀ࡙Ȃጐᓞфߒಋଢ଼ПөȂࠌӵጣ୼ϛȂ ‫ؠ‬ԤཐᔖႫࢺ౰ҡ‫঺࢐ޟ‬Ιಢȉ ঱

Ⴈ

ᢅ

0 5 X

X

)

ࣼ

0 5 X좂

൶ጭķණʼ

)

0 5 X좂 )

X

0 5 X좂

X

)

ņҦȁȁ ŇΚȁȁ ňеȁȁ ʼnΛ 11. BȄᆄΨጣࣺᄇ໅ЖՄِ࢐ᄇᆎ‫ޟ‬Ȃ࢈Κጣ୼ཐ‫ޟڗڧ‬ᆄΨҐ‫׽‬ᡐȄ

)!̎!*12. ԃԤҦΚ‫ڍ‬এ֕Ыҁ‫ޟ‬Ⴋၯ၆ညϷտညܻΰή ᘛܹ‫ޟ‬ᆄ១Ϟ໢Ȃԃѡყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄӵ‫ڍ‬၆ည‫ͱޟ‬ ࠮Ᏺጣΰ‫ޟ‬໠οөѾȄࡸή໠ᜰ K ࡣȂ‫ڍ‬ማጣ ֯ԤႫࢺ೽ႆࠓҐಋଢ଼ȂषѫՃኌԪၷࢺ‫ޟ‬ማ ጣӵᆄ១ᆄൟϛ‫ڧޟ‬ΨȂࠌԪማጣᇄᏲጣ໢ȶ

0 ᄶϟ

-

-

5 ᄶϟ

5

0

঱

Ⴈ

ኞᔢΨȷ‫ޟ‬ПөϷտ࣏ήӖդ‫ޱ‬ȉ ņҦȈөѾȂΚȈөѾȁȁ ŇҦȈөѡȂΚȈөѡ ňҦȈөѡȂΚȈөѾȁȁ ʼnҦȈөѾȂΚȈөѡ

12. DȄਲ਼ᐃ໠ඡۡࠌȂҦყማጣ ‫ڧ‬ᆄΨөѡȂӰҐಋଢ଼Ȃ‫ܚ‬о ‫ڧ‬ኞᔢΨөѾȄΚყѫԤҗδ ᆄ១ᆄ‫׽ܒ‬ᡐȂ‫ܚ‬оማጣ‫ڧ‬ኞ ᔢΨөѡȄ

಑ΪέണȁႫࢺਝᔖᇄᆄΨ 133

଄ ๋ ួ

଄ ๋ ួ

଄ ๋ ួ