The European Nature Trust

The European Nature Trust is dedicated to the protection and restoration of the last remaining wilderness and wild areas in Europe.

The European Nature Trust (TENT) is committed to the protection and restoration of threatened wilderness, wild habitats and the wildlife living within them.

In parallel with raising awareness through Youth Education and Outreach programmes, TENT is committed to making practical and financial contributions to ensuring that Europe’s rich biodiversity will be preserved for future generations. We seek to generate support for well founded initiatives across Europe, and to initiate the Trust’s own projects to achieve these goals.

paul lister Founder,The European Nature Trust

The European Nature Trust (TENT) is committed to the protection and restoration of threatened wilderness, wild habitats and the wildlife living within them.

In parallel with raising awareness through Youth Education and Outreach programmes, TENT is committed to making practical and financial contributions to ensuring that Europe’s rich biodiversity will be preserved for future generations. We seek to generate support for well founded initiatives across Europe, and to initiate the Trust’s own projects to achieve these goals.

paul lister Founder,The European Nature Trust

Wilderness is defined as a substantial area virtually untouched by the hand of man, lacking human infrastructure, where natural habitat and process remain almost wholly intact.

pollution alleviation and carbon sequestration – with undisturbed forest and wetlands having substantially greater carbon storage capacity than their managed counterparts.

Wild areas by contrast are smaller, more fragmented and have undergone a greater degree of modification from grazing and forestry practice.

More generally, they can bring significant economic, social and cultural benefits to local communities, landholders and society as a whole, particularly in remoter districts where sustainable livelihoods are less in evidence.

Wilderness and wild areas have unique biodiversity benefits, harbouring a range of key species that depend on remoter, more intact habitat. They often support substantial gene pools and offer potential for species to adapt or migrate in the face of climate change. They can also play a significant role in addressing climate change: enabling flood mitigation,

Perhaps their greatest and most intangible benefit lies in their intrinsic value: the aesthetic and spiritual qualities unique to wildness, together with the sense of awareness, of place, peace and belonging that it can provide. toby aykroyd Trustee,The European Nature Trust; Founder,Wild Europe;Trustee, BBC Wildlife Fund

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Wilderness is defined as a substantial area virtually untouched by the hand of man, lacking human infrastructure, where natural habitat and process remain almost wholly intact.

pollution alleviation and carbon sequestration – with undisturbed forest and wetlands having substantially greater carbon storage capacity than their managed counterparts.

Wild areas by contrast are smaller, more fragmented and have undergone a greater degree of modification from grazing and forestry practice.

More generally, they can bring significant economic, social and cultural benefits to local communities, landholders and society as a whole, particularly in remoter districts where sustainable livelihoods are less in evidence.

Wilderness and wild areas have unique biodiversity benefits, harbouring a range of key species that depend on remoter, more intact habitat. They often support substantial gene pools and offer potential for species to adapt or migrate in the face of climate change. They can also play a significant role in addressing climate change: enabling flood mitigation,

Perhaps their greatest and most intangible benefit lies in their intrinsic value: the aesthetic and spiritual qualities unique to wildness, together with the sense of awareness, of place, peace and belonging that it can provide. toby aykroyd Trustee,The European Nature Trust; Founder,Wild Europe;Trustee, BBC Wildlife Fund

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Areas of Activity

06

habitat

09 10 13 17

An Eden Lost An Eden to Protect Preservation Restoration

18

species

21 23 25 26

The Scottish Wildcat Red Squirrels A Wider Focus Dedicated Project Analysis

32

education

36

partner organisations

42

current research initiatives

44

operating principles

‘A society is defined not only by what it creates, but by what it refuses to destroy.’ john sawhill (former President/CEO of the Nature Conservancy)

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Areas of Activity

06

habitat

09 10 13 17

An Eden Lost An Eden to Protect Preservation Restoration

18

species

21 23 25 26

The Scottish Wildcat Red Squirrels A Wider Focus Dedicated Project Analysis

32

education

36

partner organisations

42

current research initiatives

44

operating principles

‘A society is defined not only by what it creates, but by what it refuses to destroy.’ john sawhill (former President/CEO of the Nature Conservancy)

5

Habitat:

It is estimated that thirteen million hectares of primary forests in the world are lost or modified each year. In Europe, TENT focuses on raising awareness and developing policy to ensure the protection of some of the last great wild areas such as the Carpathians.

Where widespread degradation has already occurred, in areas such as the Scottish Highlands, TENT will channel its efforts and resources towards adoption of innovative and scientifically developed restoration policies so that selected regions may support healthy, intact ecosystems once more.

‘Only after the last tree has been cut down. Only after the last river has been poisoned. Only after the last fish has been caught. Only then will you find that money cannot be eaten.’ native cree prophecy

Habitat:

It is estimated that thirteen million hectares of primary forests in the world are lost or modified each year. In Europe, TENT focuses on raising awareness and developing policy to ensure the protection of some of the last great wild areas such as the Carpathians.

Where widespread degradation has already occurred, in areas such as the Scottish Highlands, TENT will channel its efforts and resources towards adoption of innovative and scientifically developed restoration policies so that selected regions may support healthy, intact ecosystems once more.

‘Only after the last tree has been cut down. Only after the last river has been poisoned. Only after the last fish has been caught. Only then will you find that money cannot be eaten.’ native cree prophecy

Habitat: An Eden Lost – Restoration of the Scottish Caledonian Pine Forest

Caledonian Pine forest is of great conservation importance as it supports some of the UK’s rarest species, including capercaillie, Scottish crossbill, wildcat, red squirrel and pine marten.

Scotland’s native Caledonian Pine forest, which once covered an expanse of 1.5 million hectares, has been drastically reduced to just 16,000 hectares.

Whilst lower reaches of river systems enjoy the economic benefits of angling tourism, they would not exist without a healthy upper river; this is where migratory fish spawn and new generations of nearly every riparian species begin their life cycles.

As well as habitat degeneration, large scale hydro schemes and excessive commercial sea fishing has contributed to river system deterioration.

Woodlands improve shelter and food supply for native species, and act as a natural flood barrier. This leads to better survival of young fish and socio-economic circumstances within the local community are improved through increased angling and eco-tourism.

On its 10,000 hectare test site at the Alladale Wilderness Reserve in the Scottish Highlands, TENT is raising awareness, demonstrating ‘knowledge to action’ principles and encouraging landowners to prioritize restoration of these forests.

Similarly, innovative plans have been implemented for the recovery of the river zones that have became totally degraded by overgrazing and bank erosion over the past 150 years.

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Habitat: An Eden Lost – Restoration of the Scottish Caledonian Pine Forest

Caledonian Pine forest is of great conservation importance as it supports some of the UK’s rarest species, including capercaillie, Scottish crossbill, wildcat, red squirrel and pine marten.

Scotland’s native Caledonian Pine forest, which once covered an expanse of 1.5 million hectares, has been drastically reduced to just 16,000 hectares.

Whilst lower reaches of river systems enjoy the economic benefits of angling tourism, they would not exist without a healthy upper river; this is where migratory fish spawn and new generations of nearly every riparian species begin their life cycles.

As well as habitat degeneration, large scale hydro schemes and excessive commercial sea fishing has contributed to river system deterioration.

Woodlands improve shelter and food supply for native species, and act as a natural flood barrier. This leads to better survival of young fish and socio-economic circumstances within the local community are improved through increased angling and eco-tourism.

On its 10,000 hectare test site at the Alladale Wilderness Reserve in the Scottish Highlands, TENT is raising awareness, demonstrating ‘knowledge to action’ principles and encouraging landowners to prioritize restoration of these forests.

Similarly, innovative plans have been implemented for the recovery of the river zones that have became totally degraded by overgrazing and bank erosion over the past 150 years.

9

An Eden to Protect: Carpathia

‘If we do not permit the Earth to produce beauty and joy, it will in the end not produce food either.’ joseph woodkrutch

The Carpathian Mountains remain a refuge for a huge range of spectacular animal and plant life: Europe’s “Yellowstone” or “Serengeti”. In order to conserve a landscape that still remains relatively intact, it is necessary to urgently address the imminent threat to these forests; by contrast, the Scottish Highlands represent a stark reminder of how much can be lost if these Carpathian forests are destroyed. TENT is committed to conserving Carpathia’s natural environment by supporting projects and raising awareness in order to provide rapid protection of its priceless wild landscape and biodiversity before it is too late.

An Eden to Protect: Carpathia

‘If we do not permit the Earth to produce beauty and joy, it will in the end not produce food either.’ joseph woodkrutch

The Carpathian Mountains remain a refuge for a huge range of spectacular animal and plant life: Europe’s “Yellowstone” or “Serengeti”. In order to conserve a landscape that still remains relatively intact, it is necessary to urgently address the imminent threat to these forests; by contrast, the Scottish Highlands represent a stark reminder of how much can be lost if these Carpathian forests are destroyed. TENT is committed to conserving Carpathia’s natural environment by supporting projects and raising awareness in order to provide rapid protection of its priceless wild landscape and biodiversity before it is too late.

Habitat: Preservation

The Carpathian Mountains stretch across Romania, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary. They are home to Europe’s largest area of old growth forests, boasting over half the continent’s population of bears, wolves and lynx.

A study by Greenpeace revealed that there are only two areas in Europe remaining that have over 50,000ha of unspoiled forests - one of them being Retezat National Park in Romania.

Since the fall of communism, land ownership reforms have greatly increased both legal and illegal logging, destroying large areas of untouched habitat for mammals, birds, reptilians and amphibians. With restitution of former estates, many landowners are interested in selling their land; TENT is now seeking philanthropic and institutional funding to safeguard large tracts of forests and other wild areas.

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Habitat: Preservation

The Carpathian Mountains stretch across Romania, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary. They are home to Europe’s largest area of old growth forests, boasting over half the continent’s population of bears, wolves and lynx.

A study by Greenpeace revealed that there are only two areas in Europe remaining that have over 50,000ha of unspoiled forests - one of them being Retezat National Park in Romania.

Since the fall of communism, land ownership reforms have greatly increased both legal and illegal logging, destroying large areas of untouched habitat for mammals, birds, reptilians and amphibians. With restitution of former estates, many landowners are interested in selling their land; TENT is now seeking philanthropic and institutional funding to safeguard large tracts of forests and other wild areas.

13

Conservation International estimates that up to 50% of species will become extinct due to habitat destruction alone between the years 2000 and 2050, at a rate of one every 20 minutes. conservation international Stop The Clock Campaign

Conservation International estimates that up to 50% of species will become extinct due to habitat destruction alone between the years 2000 and 2050, at a rate of one every 20 minutes. conservation international Stop The Clock Campaign

Habitat: Restoration

The restoration of degraded and fragmented habitats is essential to the future survival of key wildlife species.

In Scotland, TENT has seed funded a Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries Trust initiative to identify solutions to the crucial issue of upper tributary habitat degradation.

Building on cooperation between landowners, conservationists, Forestry Commission Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage, TENT has donated funds that have enabled a ÂŁ1.5 million project which will see the planting of mixed tree species on an area of over 50 kilometres of riverbank.

Riverbank zones provide optimum habitat for a wide variety of wildlife and aquatic species.

They also act as natural filters for clean water.

Newly created woodlands will improve shelter and feed supply for native species, act as a natural flood barrier and lead to better survival of young fish. Socio-economic circumstances within local communities will be improved through increased angling and eco-tourism.

This will dramatically enrich the biodiversity of the tributaries, improving spawning and feeding grounds for native fish, and providing natural barriers from flooding. Whilst lower stretches of river systems enjoy the economic benefits of angling, they would not exist without a healthy upper river.

17

Habitat: Restoration

The restoration of degraded and fragmented habitats is essential to the future survival of key wildlife species.

In Scotland, TENT has seed funded a Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries Trust initiative to identify solutions to the crucial issue of upper tributary habitat degradation.

Building on cooperation between landowners, conservationists, Forestry Commission Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage, TENT has donated funds that have enabled a ÂŁ1.5 million project which will see the planting of mixed tree species on an area of over 50 kilometres of riverbank.

Riverbank zones provide optimum habitat for a wide variety of wildlife and aquatic species.

They also act as natural filters for clean water.

Newly created woodlands will improve shelter and feed supply for native species, act as a natural flood barrier and lead to better survival of young fish. Socio-economic circumstances within local communities will be improved through increased angling and eco-tourism.

This will dramatically enrich the biodiversity of the tributaries, improving spawning and feeding grounds for native fish, and providing natural barriers from flooding. Whilst lower stretches of river systems enjoy the economic benefits of angling, they would not exist without a healthy upper river.

17

Species:

The European bison (Wisent) once roamed the great temperate forest that stretched from the British Isles, through most of Europe and into Siberia. Today, their population stands at just 1400.

The protection of species is intrinsically linked with restoring and preserving the habitats they require to survive, involving the healthy functioning of intact ecosystems of undisturbed forest and wetlands. The importance of viable species populations in our environment is paramount. Sadly, these precious species, and the habitats that exist to support them, have either disappeared or are fast doing so.

Species:

The European bison (Wisent) once roamed the great temperate forest that stretched from the British Isles, through most of Europe and into Siberia. Today, their population stands at just 1400.

The protection of species is intrinsically linked with restoring and preserving the habitats they require to survive, involving the healthy functioning of intact ecosystems of undisturbed forest and wetlands. The importance of viable species populations in our environment is paramount. Sadly, these precious species, and the habitats that exist to support them, have either disappeared or are fast doing so.

Species: The Scottish Wildcat

The Scottish Wildcat is unique to the British Isles; there are now less than 400 left in the wild.

Nicknamed the ‘Tiger of the Highlands’, they are a larger sub species of the European Wildcat and are more heavily camouflaged.

To ensure that this iconic felid is protected in our ecosystem and population numbers restored, TENT is researching methods to identify the most suitable way of extending the wildcat’s range. Initiatives include a captive breeding-for-release program, conducting research on remaining populations in the wild and prioritizing in-the-field conservation work with our partner, Oxford University’s WildCRU. 21

Species: The Scottish Wildcat

The Scottish Wildcat is unique to the British Isles; there are now less than 400 left in the wild.

Nicknamed the ‘Tiger of the Highlands’, they are a larger sub species of the European Wildcat and are more heavily camouflaged.

To ensure that this iconic felid is protected in our ecosystem and population numbers restored, TENT is researching methods to identify the most suitable way of extending the wildcat’s range. Initiatives include a captive breeding-for-release program, conducting research on remaining populations in the wild and prioritizing in-the-field conservation work with our partner, Oxford University’s WildCRU. 21

Species: Reintroducing and Sustaining Red Squirrel Populations

With only approximately 140,000 red squirrels remaining in the UK compared to over 2.5 million of the invasive, and more destructive, grey species, the red squirrel is in decline and could very soon become extinct.

Scotland retains 75% of the UK’s red squirrel population, with the Highlands being a key area for their distribution and survival.

Red squirrels are being outcompeted by the grey squirrel, particularly as they contract parapox disease, which grey squirrels carry but do not suffer from.

Natural land barriers have prevented the grey squirrel from spreading into the north Highlands, making it an ideal conservation area to regenerate the red squirrel population.

TENT is working to establish habitat corridors in Northern Scotland, and is assessing the impact of any changes that connecting woodlands would have on existing populations. Modeling the current and future genetic viability of red squirrel populations enables us to measure requirements for a reintroduction programme, targeted at strengthening the species and contributing to their continued survival.

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Species: Reintroducing and Sustaining Red Squirrel Populations

With only approximately 140,000 red squirrels remaining in the UK compared to over 2.5 million of the invasive, and more destructive, grey species, the red squirrel is in decline and could very soon become extinct.

Scotland retains 75% of the UK’s red squirrel population, with the Highlands being a key area for their distribution and survival.

Red squirrels are being outcompeted by the grey squirrel, particularly as they contract parapox disease, which grey squirrels carry but do not suffer from.

Natural land barriers have prevented the grey squirrel from spreading into the north Highlands, making it an ideal conservation area to regenerate the red squirrel population.

TENT is working to establish habitat corridors in Northern Scotland, and is assessing the impact of any changes that connecting woodlands would have on existing populations. Modeling the current and future genetic viability of red squirrel populations enables us to measure requirements for a reintroduction programme, targeted at strengthening the species and contributing to their continued survival.

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Species: A Wider Focus

In Europe alone, the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) estimates there are currently 2,066 species vulnerable or seriously at risk. Europe still has viable populations of large carnivores such as wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine, whose habitats face destruction. Yet few Europeans realise the wealth of natural heritage on their own doorstep, nor how much of our remaining wild areas are imminently at risk.

The Iberian lynx preys predominantly on the native European rabbit, which is well adapted to the harsh dry climate of Spain and Portugal. However the rabbit population has been decimated by two diseases- myxomatosis and viral hemorrhagic pneumonia which arrived in the 1980s. While the death rates from both diseases are falling, habitat loss and increases in other predator species such as foxes, mongoose and genets are impeding recovery of the rabbit population.

As well as TENT’s current programme of work, of utmost importance are future plans to save key species in Europe that are threatened with extinction, for example the Iberian Lynx. We will work alongside our partners to raise awareness amongst both local and wider communities as to the benefits of species reintroduction and habitat preservation and restoration.

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Species: A Wider Focus

In Europe alone, the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) estimates there are currently 2,066 species vulnerable or seriously at risk. Europe still has viable populations of large carnivores such as wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine, whose habitats face destruction. Yet few Europeans realise the wealth of natural heritage on their own doorstep, nor how much of our remaining wild areas are imminently at risk.

The Iberian lynx preys predominantly on the native European rabbit, which is well adapted to the harsh dry climate of Spain and Portugal. However the rabbit population has been decimated by two diseases- myxomatosis and viral hemorrhagic pneumonia which arrived in the 1980s. While the death rates from both diseases are falling, habitat loss and increases in other predator species such as foxes, mongoose and genets are impeding recovery of the rabbit population.

As well as TENT’s current programme of work, of utmost importance are future plans to save key species in Europe that are threatened with extinction, for example the Iberian Lynx. We will work alongside our partners to raise awareness amongst both local and wider communities as to the benefits of species reintroduction and habitat preservation and restoration.

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Species: Dedicated Project Analysis The additional ‘species’ projects detailed here are but a few of those to which TENT has also already committed funds or other support.

The fold-out also highlights a small selection of the key flora and fauna to be found, but all too often under threat, within Europe’s last remaining wilderness areas.

beaver reintroduction:

Working in partnership with Scottish Wildlife Trust, TENT has contributed to the Scottish Beaver reintroduction programme, essential to restoration of healthily functioning wetlands and riparian ecosystems resulting in huge benefits for other native wildlife. Beavers are a “keystone” species that have been missing from UK shores since the 16th century.

european bison:

TENT will assess the potential to reinforce the fragile genetic basis of the European Bison, the continent’s largest land mammal. Using the Alladale Wilderness Reserve as the test site for the project, it is planned to import European bison from gene pools where ecologists have identified slight genetic variance in order to assess opportunity for strengthening the breed.

golden eagle tracking:

TENT supports the satellite tagging and tracking of young golden eagles to produce evidence of range patterns and hunting behaviour. Very little is known about the movements of juvenile golden eagles between fledging and adulthood around five years later.

iberian lynx:

TENT is donating funds to assist the protection of the Iberian lynx. With only around 250 individuals left in the wild, this is the world’s most endangered felid.

Habitat fragmentation plays an important role in its decline, as does disease among the rabbit, its main prey species, and a significant incidence of road deaths. Steps to recover the species include creating reserves, a captive breeding program, rabbit population restoration project work and public education programs.

Species: Dedicated Project Analysis The additional ‘species’ projects detailed here are but a few of those to which TENT has also already committed funds or other support.

The fold-out also highlights a small selection of the key flora and fauna to be found, but all too often under threat, within Europe’s last remaining wilderness areas.

beaver reintroduction:

Working in partnership with Scottish Wildlife Trust, TENT has contributed to the Scottish Beaver reintroduction programme, essential to restoration of healthily functioning wetlands and riparian ecosystems resulting in huge benefits for other native wildlife. Beavers are a “keystone” species that have been missing from UK shores since the 16th century.

european bison:

TENT will assess the potential to reinforce the fragile genetic basis of the European Bison, the continent’s largest land mammal. Using the Alladale Wilderness Reserve as the test site for the project, it is planned to import European bison from gene pools where ecologists have identified slight genetic variance in order to assess opportunity for strengthening the breed.

golden eagle tracking:

TENT supports the satellite tagging and tracking of young golden eagles to produce evidence of range patterns and hunting behaviour. Very little is known about the movements of juvenile golden eagles between fledging and adulthood around five years later.

iberian lynx:

TENT is donating funds to assist the protection of the Iberian lynx. With only around 250 individuals left in the wild, this is the world’s most endangered felid.

Habitat fragmentation plays an important role in its decline, as does disease among the rabbit, its main prey species, and a significant incidence of road deaths. Steps to recover the species include creating reserves, a captive breeding program, rabbit population restoration project work and public education programs.

Species: Primary List european bison Bison bonasus

iberian ibex

arctic fox

weasel

otter

european souslik

Alopex lagopus

Mustela nivalis

Lutra lutra

Spermophilus citellus

great grey owl

red kite

white-tailed sea eagle

capercaillie

european bee-eater Merops apiaster

Alcedo atthis

Podarcis muralis

Triturus cristatus

great crested newt

adonis blue butterfly

large heath butterfly

swiss pine

fly agaric

poet’s daffodil

kestrel

common raven

black-throated diver

spotted flycather

adder

grass snake

common frog

marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurina

Syrphus ribesii

common hoverfly

scots pine

Pinus slyvestris

yellow lady’s slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus

english bluebell

northern goshawk

black grouse Tetrao tetrix

Crex crex

corncrake

snow bunting

slow worm

natterjack toad

red-eared turtle

nickerl’s fritillary butterfly Mellicta aurelia

white-tailed bumblebee

mountain pine

twin flower

foxglove

rowan tree

pasque flower

heath spotted orchid

spear thistle

melancholy thistle

Strix nebulosa

Milvus milvus

Haliaeetus albicilla

Tetrao urugallus

common kingfisher

common wall lizard

Lysandra bellargus

Coenonympha tullia

Pinus cembra

badger

iberian lynx

european brown bear

polecat

eurasian beaver

harvest mouse

peregrine falcon

red fox

wildcat

brown hare

pine martin

water vole

eurasian crane

mash harrier

wild boar

fallow deer

gray wolf

mountain hare

natterer’s bat

red squirrel

griffon vulture

osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Accipter nisus

sparrowhawk

snowy owl

european cuckoo

scottish crossbill

dice snake

common tree frog

european salamander

purple emperor butterfly Aptura iris

common carder bumblebee Bombus pascuorum

roe deer

wolverine

european elk

european mink

greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus

lesser shrew

merlin

hen harrier

golden eagle

red-throated diver

barn owl

dipper

leopard rat snake

common european toad

smooth newt

chalkhill blue butterfly Lysandra coridon

common green grasshopper common juniper

Capra pyrenaica

chamois

Rupicapra rupicapra

Sus scrofa

Capreolus capreolus

Meles meles

Vulpes vulpes

Dama dama

Gulo gulo

Lynx pardina

Felis silvestris

Canis lupus lupus

Alces alces

Ursus arctos

Lepus europaeus

Lepus timidus

Mustela lutreola

Mustela putorius

Martes martes

Myotis nattereri

Castor fiber

Arvicola terrestris

Sciurus vulgaris

Sorex minutus

Micromys minutus

Grus grus

Gyps fulvus

Falco columbarious

Falco peregrinus

Circus aeruginosus

Circus cyaneus

Falco tinnunculus

Accipeter gentilis

Aquila chrysaetos

Corvus corax

Nyctea scandiaca

Gavia stellata

Gavia arctica

Cuculus canorus

Tyto alba

Muscicapa striata

Plectrophenax nivalis

Loxia scotica

Cinclus cinclus

Vipera berus

Anguis fragilis

Natrix tessellata

Elaphe situla

Natrix natrix

Bufo calamita

Hyla arborea

Bufo bufo

Rana temporaria

Pseudemys scripta

Salamandra salamandra

Triturus vulgaris

Bombus lucorum

Omocestus viridulus

Pinus mugo

Sorbus aucuparia

Juniperuis communis

Amanita muscaria

Linnaea borealis

Pulsatilla grandis

Cirsium vulgare

Narcissus poeticus

Endymion non-scriptus

Digitalis purperea

Dactylorhiza maculata

Cirsium helenioides

Species: Primary List european bison Bison bonasus

iberian ibex

arctic fox

weasel

otter

european souslik

Alopex lagopus

Mustela nivalis

Lutra lutra

Spermophilus citellus

great grey owl

red kite

white-tailed sea eagle

capercaillie

european bee-eater Merops apiaster

Alcedo atthis

Podarcis muralis

Triturus cristatus

great crested newt

adonis blue butterfly

large heath butterfly

swiss pine

fly agaric

poet’s daffodil

kestrel

common raven

black-throated diver

spotted flycather

adder

grass snake

common frog

marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurina

Syrphus ribesii

common hoverfly

scots pine

Pinus slyvestris

yellow lady’s slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus

english bluebell

northern goshawk

black grouse Tetrao tetrix

Crex crex

corncrake

snow bunting

slow worm

natterjack toad

red-eared turtle

nickerl’s fritillary butterfly Mellicta aurelia

white-tailed bumblebee

mountain pine

twin flower

foxglove

rowan tree

pasque flower

heath spotted orchid

spear thistle

melancholy thistle

Strix nebulosa

Milvus milvus

Haliaeetus albicilla

Tetrao urugallus

common kingfisher

common wall lizard

Lysandra bellargus

Coenonympha tullia

Pinus cembra

badger

iberian lynx

european brown bear

polecat

eurasian beaver

harvest mouse

peregrine falcon

red fox

wildcat

brown hare

pine martin

water vole

eurasian crane

mash harrier

wild boar

fallow deer

gray wolf

mountain hare

natterer’s bat

red squirrel

griffon vulture

osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Accipter nisus

sparrowhawk

snowy owl

european cuckoo

scottish crossbill

dice snake

common tree frog

european salamander

purple emperor butterfly Aptura iris

common carder bumblebee Bombus pascuorum

roe deer

wolverine

european elk

european mink

greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus

lesser shrew

merlin

hen harrier

golden eagle

red-throated diver

barn owl

dipper

leopard rat snake

common european toad

smooth newt

chalkhill blue butterfly Lysandra coridon

common green grasshopper common juniper

Capra pyrenaica

chamois

Rupicapra rupicapra

Sus scrofa

Capreolus capreolus

Meles meles

Vulpes vulpes

Dama dama

Gulo gulo

Lynx pardina

Felis silvestris

Canis lupus lupus

Alces alces

Ursus arctos

Lepus europaeus

Lepus timidus

Mustela lutreola

Mustela putorius

Martes martes

Myotis nattereri

Castor fiber

Arvicola terrestris

Sciurus vulgaris

Sorex minutus

Micromys minutus

Grus grus

Gyps fulvus

Falco columbarious

Falco peregrinus

Circus aeruginosus

Circus cyaneus

Falco tinnunculus

Accipeter gentilis

Aquila chrysaetos

Corvus corax

Nyctea scandiaca

Gavia stellata

Gavia arctica

Cuculus canorus

Tyto alba

Muscicapa striata

Plectrophenax nivalis

Loxia scotica

Cinclus cinclus

Vipera berus

Anguis fragilis

Natrix tessellata

Elaphe situla

Natrix natrix

Bufo calamita

Hyla arborea

Bufo bufo

Rana temporaria

Pseudemys scripta

Salamandra salamandra

Triturus vulgaris

Bombus lucorum

Omocestus viridulus

Pinus mugo

Sorbus aucuparia

Juniperuis communis

Amanita muscaria

Linnaea borealis

Pulsatilla grandis

Cirsium vulgare

Narcissus poeticus

Endymion non-scriptus

Digitalis purperea

Dactylorhiza maculata

Cirsium helenioides

Species: Primary List european bison Bison bonasus

iberian ibex

arctic fox

weasel

otter

european souslik

Alopex lagopus

Mustela nivalis

Lutra lutra

Spermophilus citellus

great grey owl

red kite

white-tailed sea eagle

capercaillie

european bee-eater Merops apiaster

Alcedo atthis

Podarcis muralis

Triturus cristatus

great crested newt

adonis blue butterfly

large heath butterfly

swiss pine

fly agaric

poet’s daffodil

kestrel

common raven

black-throated diver

spotted flycather

adder

grass snake

common frog

marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurina

Syrphus ribesii

common hoverfly

scots pine

Pinus slyvestris

yellow lady’s slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus

english bluebell

northern goshawk

black grouse Tetrao tetrix

Crex crex

corncrake

snow bunting

slow worm

natterjack toad

red-eared turtle

nickerl’s fritillary butterfly Mellicta aurelia

white-tailed bumblebee

mountain pine

twin flower

foxglove

rowan tree

pasque flower

heath spotted orchid

spear thistle

melancholy thistle

Strix nebulosa

Milvus milvus

Haliaeetus albicilla

Tetrao urugallus

common kingfisher

common wall lizard

Lysandra bellargus

Coenonympha tullia

Pinus cembra

badger

iberian lynx

european brown bear

polecat

eurasian beaver

harvest mouse

peregrine falcon

red fox

wildcat

brown hare

pine martin

water vole

eurasian crane

mash harrier

wild boar

fallow deer

gray wolf

mountain hare

natterer’s bat

red squirrel

griffon vulture

osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Accipter nisus

sparrowhawk

snowy owl

european cuckoo

scottish crossbill

dice snake

common tree frog

european salamander

purple emperor butterfly Aptura iris

common carder bumblebee Bombus pascuorum

roe deer

wolverine

european elk

european mink

greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus

lesser shrew

merlin

hen harrier

golden eagle

red-throated diver

barn owl

dipper

leopard rat snake

common european toad

smooth newt

chalkhill blue butterfly Lysandra coridon

common green grasshopper common juniper

Capra pyrenaica

chamois

Rupicapra rupicapra

Sus scrofa

Capreolus capreolus

Meles meles

Vulpes vulpes

Dama dama

Gulo gulo

Lynx pardina

Felis silvestris

Canis lupus lupus

Alces alces

Ursus arctos

Lepus europaeus

Lepus timidus

Mustela lutreola

Mustela putorius

Martes martes

Myotis nattereri

Castor fiber

Arvicola terrestris

Sciurus vulgaris

Sorex minutus

Micromys minutus

Grus grus

Gyps fulvus

Falco columbarious

Falco peregrinus

Circus aeruginosus

Circus cyaneus

Falco tinnunculus

Accipeter gentilis

Aquila chrysaetos

Corvus corax

Nyctea scandiaca

Gavia stellata

Gavia arctica

Cuculus canorus

Tyto alba

Muscicapa striata

Plectrophenax nivalis

Loxia scotica

Cinclus cinclus

Vipera berus

Anguis fragilis

Natrix tessellata

Elaphe situla

Natrix natrix

Bufo calamita

Hyla arborea

Bufo bufo

Rana temporaria

Pseudemys scripta

Salamandra salamandra

Triturus vulgaris

Bombus lucorum

Omocestus viridulus

Pinus mugo

Sorbus aucuparia

Juniperuis communis

Amanita muscaria

Linnaea borealis

Pulsatilla grandis

Cirsium vulgare

Narcissus poeticus

Endymion non-scriptus

Digitalis purperea

Dactylorhiza maculata

Cirsium helenioides

Species: Primary List european bison Bison bonasus

iberian ibex

arctic fox

weasel

otter

european souslik

Alopex lagopus

Mustela nivalis

Lutra lutra

Spermophilus citellus

great grey owl

red kite

white-tailed sea eagle

capercaillie

european bee-eater Merops apiaster

Alcedo atthis

Podarcis muralis

Triturus cristatus

great crested newt

adonis blue butterfly

large heath butterfly

swiss pine

fly agaric

poet’s daffodil

kestrel

common raven

black-throated diver

spotted flycather

adder

grass snake

common frog

marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurina

Syrphus ribesii

common hoverfly

scots pine

Pinus slyvestris

yellow lady’s slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus

english bluebell

northern goshawk

black grouse Tetrao tetrix

Crex crex

corncrake

snow bunting

slow worm

natterjack toad

red-eared turtle

nickerl’s fritillary butterfly Mellicta aurelia

white-tailed bumblebee

mountain pine

twin flower

foxglove

rowan tree

pasque flower

heath spotted orchid

spear thistle

melancholy thistle

Strix nebulosa

Milvus milvus

Haliaeetus albicilla

Tetrao urugallus

common kingfisher

common wall lizard

Lysandra bellargus

Coenonympha tullia

Pinus cembra

badger

iberian lynx

european brown bear

polecat

eurasian beaver

harvest mouse

peregrine falcon

red fox

wildcat

brown hare

pine martin

water vole

eurasian crane

mash harrier

wild boar

fallow deer

gray wolf

mountain hare

natterer’s bat

red squirrel

griffon vulture

osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Accipter nisus

sparrowhawk

snowy owl

european cuckoo

scottish crossbill

dice snake

common tree frog

european salamander

purple emperor butterfly Aptura iris

common carder bumblebee Bombus pascuorum

roe deer

wolverine

european elk

european mink

greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus

lesser shrew

merlin

hen harrier

golden eagle

red-throated diver

barn owl

dipper

leopard rat snake

common european toad

smooth newt

chalkhill blue butterfly Lysandra coridon

common green grasshopper common juniper

Capra pyrenaica

chamois

Rupicapra rupicapra

Sus scrofa

Capreolus capreolus

Meles meles

Vulpes vulpes

Dama dama

Gulo gulo

Lynx pardina

Felis silvestris

Canis lupus lupus

Alces alces

Ursus arctos

Lepus europaeus

Lepus timidus

Mustela lutreola

Mustela putorius

Martes martes

Myotis nattereri

Castor fiber

Arvicola terrestris

Sciurus vulgaris

Sorex minutus

Micromys minutus

Grus grus

Gyps fulvus

Falco columbarious

Falco peregrinus

Circus aeruginosus

Circus cyaneus

Falco tinnunculus

Accipeter gentilis

Aquila chrysaetos

Corvus corax

Nyctea scandiaca

Gavia stellata

Gavia arctica

Cuculus canorus

Tyto alba

Muscicapa striata

Plectrophenax nivalis

Loxia scotica

Cinclus cinclus

Vipera berus

Anguis fragilis

Natrix tessellata

Elaphe situla

Natrix natrix

Bufo calamita

Hyla arborea

Bufo bufo

Rana temporaria

Pseudemys scripta

Salamandra salamandra

Triturus vulgaris

Bombus lucorum

Omocestus viridulus

Pinus mugo

Sorbus aucuparia

Juniperuis communis

Amanita muscaria

Linnaea borealis

Pulsatilla grandis

Cirsium vulgare

Narcissus poeticus

Endymion non-scriptus

Digitalis purperea

Dactylorhiza maculata

Cirsium helenioides

Education: Youth & Community

‘A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers but borrowed from his children.’ audobon

Giving young people the opportunity to experience and learn outdoors is one of the most effective educational tools that TENT can provide. With a hands-on approach, students are able to connect with nature and leave with a greater appreciation of the natural world that compliments work in the classroom.

Showing future generations the value of wilderness and the impact of human activity upon them will affect a positive change for years to come.

Education: Youth & Community

‘A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers but borrowed from his children.’ audobon

Giving young people the opportunity to experience and learn outdoors is one of the most effective educational tools that TENT can provide. With a hands-on approach, students are able to connect with nature and leave with a greater appreciation of the natural world that compliments work in the classroom.

Showing future generations the value of wilderness and the impact of human activity upon them will affect a positive change for years to come.

Education: The Scottish Highlands, Youth Challenge

Such outdoor challenge activities demonstrate to students an alternative path to success by concentrating on life skills as an alternative to academic achievement.

According to the Department of Education and Skills, “Staying away for a few days or more is a powerful way of developing key skills, building confidence, self esteem, communication and team working.�

TENT in partnership with The Challenger Trust has conducted a successful pilot youth education program on the Alladale Wilderness Reserve involving over 500 student. Students are given the opportunity to spend four days wild camping in the Highlands to learn essential life-skills, including team-building, problem-solving and the essentials of conservation work. Participants assist rangers with their day-to-day activities and gain an insight to how the Reserve operates. TENT are seeking other landowners to extend this initiative throughout Scotland. It is planned to replicate the program in Romania from 2011.

35

Education: The Scottish Highlands, Youth Challenge

Such outdoor challenge activities demonstrate to students an alternative path to success by concentrating on life skills as an alternative to academic achievement.

According to the Department of Education and Skills, “Staying away for a few days or more is a powerful way of developing key skills, building confidence, self esteem, communication and team working.�

TENT in partnership with The Challenger Trust has conducted a successful pilot youth education program on the Alladale Wilderness Reserve involving over 500 student. Students are given the opportunity to spend four days wild camping in the Highlands to learn essential life-skills, including team-building, problem-solving and the essentials of conservation work. Participants assist rangers with their day-to-day activities and gain an insight to how the Reserve operates. TENT are seeking other landowners to extend this initiative throughout Scotland. It is planned to replicate the program in Romania from 2011.

35

Partner Organisations

TENT – The Board

01 Worldwide Fund for Nature 02 Foundation Carpathia 03 Fundatia ADEPT 04 Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries Trust 05 WildCRU – Oxford University 06 The Challenger Trust 07 Forestry Commission Scotland 08 Scottish Natural Heritage 09 Scottish Wildlife Trust 10 Highland Foundation for Wildlife

Paul Lister

01. worldwide fund for nature

Director, Hugh Fullerton-Smith

WWF mission is to stop the degradation of our planet’s natural environment and build a future where humans live in harmony with nature.

02. foundation carpathia

TENT trustees are among the founding members of the Carpathia Foundation, where a 50 wilderness reserve is currently being established as a conservation model for Romania.

03. fundatia adept

Fundatia ADEPT is a charity involved with agricultural development, environmental protection and youth education in Romania.

04. kyle of sutherland fisheries trust

The Trust works to advance public education and support research conservation initiatives that benefits freshwater fish resources and associated habitat of the region; a valuable part of Scotland’s natural heritage.

05. wildcru – oxford university

WildCRU is a charity that achieves practical solutions to conservation problems through original scientific research which is used worldwide to advise environmental policy-makers.

06. the challenger trust

Challenger Trust helps young people from around the UK reach their potential, develop life-skills and improve their academic and employment prospects, through challenging outdoor experiences.

Paul gained his deep passion for nature and conservation as a result of a childhood visiting wild and obscure places. After 20 years in the furniture business he founded and endowed The European Nature Trust and purchased the Alladale Wilderness Reserve in the Scottish Highlands.

Toby Aykroyd

With a background in development economics, business and political lobbying, Toby is founder of the Wild Europe initiative to promote protection and restoration of wild areas, and trustee of the BBC Wildlife Fund.

Robert Dolman

Robert Dolman is a senior partner of the London firm of solicitors Wedlake Bell and is an expert in trust, tax and charity law. He is a trustee of many charities and private trusts.

New Zealand born land-based project developer with 35 years experience in the UK, North America and Mongolia. Nuffield Farming scholar and Fellow of the Royal Agricultural Society.

07. forestry commission scotland

The commission’s goal is to protect and expand Scotland’s forests and woodlands and increase their value to society and the environment. Currently the commission is grant aiding many new habitat restoration initiatives across Scotland under the Scottish Rural Development Programme .

08. scottish natural heritage

Funded by the Scottish Government. Their purpose is to promote, care for and improve the natural heritage; help people enjoy it responsibly; enable greater understanding and awareness of it and promote its sustainable use, now and for future generations.

09. scottish wildlife trust

SWT is a registered charity that aims to advance the conservation of Scotland’s biodiversity for the benefit of present and future generations.

10. highland foundation for wildlife

The Foundation is dedicated to wildlife conservation and research, with a special emphasis on species recovery projects and the restoration of natural ecosystems.

37

Partner Organisations

TENT – The Board

01 Worldwide Fund for Nature 02 Foundation Carpathia 03 Fundatia ADEPT 04 Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries Trust 05 WildCRU – Oxford University 06 The Challenger Trust 07 Forestry Commission Scotland 08 Scottish Natural Heritage 09 Scottish Wildlife Trust 10 Highland Foundation for Wildlife

Paul Lister

01. worldwide fund for nature

Director, Hugh Fullerton-Smith

WWF mission is to stop the degradation of our planet’s natural environment and build a future where humans live in harmony with nature.

02. foundation carpathia

TENT trustees are among the founding members of the Carpathia Foundation, where a 50 wilderness reserve is currently being established as a conservation model for Romania.

03. fundatia adept

Fundatia ADEPT is a charity involved with agricultural development, environmental protection and youth education in Romania.

04. kyle of sutherland fisheries trust

The Trust works to advance public education and support research conservation initiatives that benefits freshwater fish resources and associated habitat of the region; a valuable part of Scotland’s natural heritage.

05. wildcru – oxford university

WildCRU is a charity that achieves practical solutions to conservation problems through original scientific research which is used worldwide to advise environmental policy-makers.

06. the challenger trust

Challenger Trust helps young people from around the UK reach their potential, develop life-skills and improve their academic and employment prospects, through challenging outdoor experiences.

Paul gained his deep passion for nature and conservation as a result of a childhood visiting wild and obscure places. After 20 years in the furniture business he founded and endowed The European Nature Trust and purchased the Alladale Wilderness Reserve in the Scottish Highlands.

Toby Aykroyd

With a background in development economics, business and political lobbying, Toby is founder of the Wild Europe initiative to promote protection and restoration of wild areas, and trustee of the BBC Wildlife Fund.

Robert Dolman

Robert Dolman is a senior partner of the London firm of solicitors Wedlake Bell and is an expert in trust, tax and charity law. He is a trustee of many charities and private trusts.

New Zealand born land-based project developer with 35 years experience in the UK, North America and Mongolia. Nuffield Farming scholar and Fellow of the Royal Agricultural Society.

07. forestry commission scotland

The commission’s goal is to protect and expand Scotland’s forests and woodlands and increase their value to society and the environment. Currently the commission is grant aiding many new habitat restoration initiatives across Scotland under the Scottish Rural Development Programme .

08. scottish natural heritage

Funded by the Scottish Government. Their purpose is to promote, care for and improve the natural heritage; help people enjoy it responsibly; enable greater understanding and awareness of it and promote its sustainable use, now and for future generations.

09. scottish wildlife trust

SWT is a registered charity that aims to advance the conservation of Scotland’s biodiversity for the benefit of present and future generations.

10. highland foundation for wildlife

The Foundation is dedicated to wildlife conservation and research, with a special emphasis on species recovery projects and the restoration of natural ecosystems.

37

“When one tugs at a single living thing in nature one finds it attached to the rest of the world.� john muir

“When one tugs at a single living thing in nature one finds it attached to the rest of the world.� john muir

Current Research Initiatives 01

02

03

04

Wild Boar as a Management Tool for Woodland Regeneration Restoration Management and food plants Management of American Mink in the Northern Highlands Protection of Bulgarian old-growth forest

01. wild boar as a management tool for woodland regeneration

Wild boar’s characteristic “rooting” behaviour is to turn up the soil in order to find truffles, tubers etc.

Such impacts are now proving effective for preparing ground for planting, aiding natural regeneration of woodland, or controlling invasive plant species such as bracken. Since 2006 TENT has worked with WildCRU to determine how wild boar can be used effectively in the Highlands.

02. restoration management and food plants

An area often neglected in restoration is the role of food plants. Through TENT’s early research work with WildCRU, it has become clear that in many areas wild boar cannot survive a Highland winter. The lack of cover and naturally occurring foodstuffs is central to the problem. TENT plans a study of this topic which should enable restoration projects to be designed around provision of an appropriate food source structure, thus providing a higher carrying capacity for many species of wildlife.

03. management of american mink in the northern highlands

The American mink is an invasive species which escaped from fur farms in the last century and devastated the delicate ecosystems in and around the UK’s waterways. Much research is required to identify the best ways of managing, and potentially removing, this exotic species to ensure the continued survival of other native populations. In partnership with Scottish Natural Heritage, the Environment Agency, WildCRU and the People’s Trust for Endangered Species, a targeted mink survey was carried out across the Scottish Highland’s during 2008.

04. protection of old growth forests in bulgaria

TENT is funding a trial project to assess old growth forest remaining in isolated valleys across Bulgaria.

These are now threatened, and there is urgent need to assess the remaining habitat, along with its key species, for development and representation of protection plans.

41

Current Research Initiatives 01

02

03

04

Wild Boar as a Management Tool for Woodland Regeneration Restoration Management and food plants Management of American Mink in the Northern Highlands Protection of Bulgarian old-growth forest

01. wild boar as a management tool for woodland regeneration

Wild boar’s characteristic “rooting” behaviour is to turn up the soil in order to find truffles, tubers etc.

Such impacts are now proving effective for preparing ground for planting, aiding natural regeneration of woodland, or controlling invasive plant species such as bracken. Since 2006 TENT has worked with WildCRU to determine how wild boar can be used effectively in the Highlands.

02. restoration management and food plants

An area often neglected in restoration is the role of food plants. Through TENT’s early research work with WildCRU, it has become clear that in many areas wild boar cannot survive a Highland winter. The lack of cover and naturally occurring foodstuffs is central to the problem. TENT plans a study of this topic which should enable restoration projects to be designed around provision of an appropriate food source structure, thus providing a higher carrying capacity for many species of wildlife.

03. management of american mink in the northern highlands

The American mink is an invasive species which escaped from fur farms in the last century and devastated the delicate ecosystems in and around the UK’s waterways. Much research is required to identify the best ways of managing, and potentially removing, this exotic species to ensure the continued survival of other native populations. In partnership with Scottish Natural Heritage, the Environment Agency, WildCRU and the People’s Trust for Endangered Species, a targeted mink survey was carried out across the Scottish Highland’s during 2008.

04. protection of old growth forests in bulgaria

TENT is funding a trial project to assess old growth forest remaining in isolated valleys across Bulgaria.

These are now threatened, and there is urgent need to assess the remaining habitat, along with its key species, for development and representation of protection plans.

41

TENT: Operating Principles Geographic Range: From the Carpathian Mountains, Europe’s “Yellowstone” and “lost Eden”, in the south-east to the Scottish Highlands, Europe’s most blemished wild upland ranges in the north-west.

of multi-party projects, with leverage of additional funding. Organising field trips that include potential donors, sponsors, carbon specialists, conservation professionals and business executives.

Seed Funding: Using TENT funding as seed corn to gear up larger amounts for species support, protection and restoration of habitat, awareness raising, youth involvement/education, research, policy development and capacity building.

Model Projects: Preference for model projects with potential for expansion, replication or gaining support though matched funding or specialist contribution.

Coordination of a multi-disciplinary approach: Playing a lead role as coordinator in formulation, promotion and development

Policy Development: Building on Wild Europe’s protection and restoration initiatives, TENT’s focus will be to support capacity building, policy representation and identification of fundraising opportunities.

43

TENT: Operating Principles Geographic Range: From the Carpathian Mountains, Europe’s “Yellowstone” and “lost Eden”, in the south-east to the Scottish Highlands, Europe’s most blemished wild upland ranges in the north-west.

of multi-party projects, with leverage of additional funding. Organising field trips that include potential donors, sponsors, carbon specialists, conservation professionals and business executives.

Seed Funding: Using TENT funding as seed corn to gear up larger amounts for species support, protection and restoration of habitat, awareness raising, youth involvement/education, research, policy development and capacity building.

Model Projects: Preference for model projects with potential for expansion, replication or gaining support though matched funding or specialist contribution.

Coordination of a multi-disciplinary approach: Playing a lead role as coordinator in formulation, promotion and development

Policy Development: Building on Wild Europe’s protection and restoration initiatives, TENT’s focus will be to support capacity building, policy representation and identification of fundraising opportunities.

43

A Call for Action!

It is only through the generosity of corporates, philanthropists and donors that we are able to undertake all of our projects to help protect and restore Europe’s last truly wild places and support the vulnerable species that live within them.

The European Nature Trust 43 High Street Marlow Buckinghamshire SL7 1BA England t. +44 (0)7701 026984 +44 (0)1628 475 714 e. hugh@theeuropeannaturetrust.com w. www.theeuropeannaturetrust.com Call Hugh Fullerton-Smith, Director, on +44 (0)7701 026984

or donate online at www.justgiving.com/europeannaturetrust

acknowledgement: the lister charitable trust:

It is with great pleasure that The Lister Charitable Trust will underwrite the modest operating costs of The European Nature Trust for the next five years. David Collingwood, LCT trustee.

imagery:

The European Nature Trust are greatly indebted to the following organizations and individuals who supplied the images within this brochure free of charge: Wild Wonders of Europe – www.wild-wonders.com Northshots – www.northshots.com Innes MacNeill Christoph & Barbara Promberger Alan Russell Chris Sandom

design:

The English Group – www.theenglishgroup.co.uk

This brochure is printed on think4 Bright: cover - 300gsm and content - 170gsm supplied by Howard Smith Paper. think4 Bright is Carbon Balanced – where the carbon intensity has been measured through the production and distribution process and an equivalent carbon credit (offset) has been purchased through the World Land Trust. This paper is made from 50% recovered fibre, diverting waste from landfill and contains material sourced from responsibly managed forests together with recycled fibre, certified in accordance with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council).

the european nature trust Registered in England and Wales, Registered Charity Number 1091283.

CBP000551005104406