DATASCIENCE DATA SCIENCE DATASCIENCE DATASCIENCE DATA SCIENCE
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Copyright©2026
Author:ErinGoodwin
Editors:AsmaMahamedi,LindseyOwn,NatashaKarampela,HariMukulSagar,and RebeccaMcDowell
ISBN:978-981-17494-2-1
Publishedby: SKOOL21PTE.LTD.
71RobinsonRoad,#14-01,068895,Singapore
FirstEditionpublishedbySKOOL21PTELTD-Singapore,2024
SecondEditionpublishedbySKOOL21LLC-UnitedStates,2026
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STEMInnovator! Hello, STEMInnovator! STEM Innovator!STEM Innovator! Welcometoyourbook! Welcometoyourbook!
Youarea YouareaSTEMInnovator STEMInnovator..AnInnovatorisaDataScientistandan AnInnovatorisaDataScientistandan Engineerwhousessmartsensorstofindevidence,solve Engineerwhousessmartsensorstofindevidence,solve environmentalproblems,andprotectourcommunities! environmentalproblems,andprotectourcommunities!
MeetYour MeetYourDataScienceKit DataScienceKit..Insideyouhave: Insideyouhave:
TheBrain: TheBrain:TheDatabot,asmartmulti-sensordevicethatrunsyour TheDatabot,asmartmulti-sensordevicethatrunsyour MicroblockCodingtocollectinformationfromtheworld. MicroblockCodingtocollectinformationfromtheworld.
TheSenses: TheSenses:Built-insensorsthatmeasureAirQuality,UVLight,Sound, Built-insensorsthatmeasureAirQuality,UVLight,Sound, Altitude,andTilt. Altitude,andTilt.
TheMemory: TheMemory:Thepowertosaveyourfindingsinto.CSVfilessoyoucan Thepowertosaveyourfindingsinto.CSVfilessoyoucan analyzedatajustlikeaprofessionalscientist. analyzedatajustlikeaprofessionalscientist.
IInthisbook,youwill: nthisbook,youwill:
MonitorLandslides MonitorLandslidesbyusingtiltsensorstotrackthestabilityofhillsand byusingtiltsensorstotrackthestabilityofhillsand keeppeoplesafefromnaturaldisasters. keeppeoplesafefromnaturaldisasters.
AnalyzeAirQuality AnalyzeAirQualitybymeasuringinvisiblegasestounderstandhow bymeasuringinvisiblegasestounderstandhow wecankeepourplanet’saircleanforeveryone. wecankeepourplanet’saircleanforeveryone.
BuildaMaglevTrain BuildaMaglevTrainbyexploringthephysicsofmagnetstodesignthe byexploringthephysicsofmagnetstodesignthe high-speedtransportationofthefuture high-speedtransportationofthefuture.
EarnYour EarnYourRewards! Rewards!
Asyoumasterdatacollectionandcomplexsystemlogic,youwillearnyour Asyoumasterdatacollectionandcomplexsystemlogic,youwillearnyour IInnovatorStickers nnovatorStickers.
Attheendofthisjourney,youwillreceiveyour Attheendofthisjourney,youwillreceiveyour
CertificateofInnovation CertificateofInnovationiinData nData Sciencetoshowtheworldthatyouarea SciencetoshowtheworldthatyouareaMasterofInformationandTechnology! MasterofInformationandTechnology!
Let’sanalyzeandinnovatetogether! Let’sanalyzeandinnovatetogether!
MEETYOURDATASCIENCEKIT! MEETYOURDATASCIENCEKIT!
TheDataScienceKitisaninteractivelearning solutionthatcombinesprogrammablemini-robots withreal-worlddataanalysis.Itprovidesstudents withthetoolstoexplorefundamentalconceptsin datacollection,visualization,andAI-drivendecisionmaking Whetherintheclassroom,STEMlabs,or extracurricularprograms,thiskitfosterscritical thinking,problem-solving,andcomputationalskills.
SETUPYOURDATABOT SETUPYOURDATABOT Databotisacuboidwith16sensorsthatcansenddatatoafreeapplication calledVizeeyforvisualization.
Takeyourdatabotoutofthepackageandlocatethechargingport,which isthesidewithasingleportandhasthe“<-X->”axis.Italsowillsay “Power”insmalllettersontheprintedcircuitboard(PCB).Plugitintoa standard5Vsourcetochargeforanhourtocharge Thebatterywilllastfor 4-6hours.
Whileitischarging,youcanturnitonwiththe“on”switchthatisonthe“<Y->”axisside.TheswitchisverysmallandembeddedinthePCB.Thered andblueLEDs(labelledLED1andLED2onthePCB)shouldturnonwhileitis charging.Notethatthedevicecanbeusedwhileitischarging.
Lookatthedatabotandidentifywherethedifferentsensorsarelocatedon thecuboid.
TheDatabotsKitismorethanjustacodingtool it’sagatewaytotheworldof datascience,preparingstudentsforcareersinAI,machinelearning,andbeyond.
Letthejourneybegin!
LessonI: LEDTest Bytheendofthislesson,studentswillbeableto: UnderstandwhataDatabotisandwhatitcando.
ConnecttheDatabottoacomputerusingaUSBcable OpenMicroblocksandinstallthecorrectfirmwareforDatabot. LoadtheDatabotlibraryinMicroblocks. Useblock-basedcodingtochangetheLEDlightsontheDatabot.
VOCABULARY MATERIALS A small cube-shaped device with 16 sensors and LED lights thatcollectandshowdata.
SpecialsoftwarethatcontrolstheDatabot’shardware.
A coding tool that uses blocks to program devices like the Databot.
INTRODUCTION 1.WhatisDatabot?
ADatabotisasmall,cube-shapedcomputerwithmanybuilt-insensorsand coloredlightscalledLEDs.Itcansendandcollectdataandbeprogrammed usingatoolcalledMicroblocks.Thislessonwillshowyouhowtoconnectyour Databot,updateit,andcreateafunlightdisplayusingcodeblocks.
2.WhatisMicroblocks?
MicroblocksisthecodingsoftwareweusetoprogramtheDatabot ItworkslikeScratchandotherdrag-and-dropcodingtools. Youdon’tneedtotype—justdragcoloredblockstocreateyourcode!
Databot
Computer
1.ConnectyourDatabottoaUSBportonyourcomputer.YoumayneedaUSB toUSB-CadapterordongleifyourdevicedoesnothaveaUSBport,whichis commononMaclaptops.
2.Navigatetohttps://microblocks.fun/run/microblocks.htmlinyourweb browser.YouwillseetheMicroblockspageopen.
LOADFIRMWARE 1.Clickthegearwheel(⚙)atthetopofthepage
2.Select“Databot”toupdatethefirmwareonyourboard.
3.Waitforthefirmwaretoupdate,thenpress“OK”whenitfinishes.
LOADTHELIBRARY
1.Clickon“Libraries”.
2.Select“Databot” fromthelist
3.Lookforthegreen Databotmenuto appear.
1.Clickonthe“Control”tab.
7.Press“Run”againandseethelightschange. CREATEATESTCODE
2.Dragoutthe“Whenstarted”block.Thisblocktellstheprogramwhattodo whenitbegins.
3.CreateasimplecodetomakeallLEDsthecolorofyourchoice.
4.Pressthegreen“Run”button.
5.LookatyourDatabotandwatchtheLEDschangecolor.
6.CreateanothercodetomakeeachLEDadifferentcolor.
INTRODUCTION Ifyouvisitabeautysalon,youprobablyaren’tthinkingaboutbeingexposedto VOCs,orvolatileorganiccompounds.However,unfortunately,productslike hairspray,nailpolishremover,andcandlesreleaseVOCsintotheairastheyare used.Hairspraysreleasesolvents,andnailpolishremovercontainscompounds likeacetonethatquicklyevaporate.CandlesemitVOCsthroughcombustion, especiallyifscented.TheseinvisiblecompoundscanbemeasuredusingaVOC sensorliketheSGP30.
DEFINETHEPROBLEM Abeautysalonownerwantsto testhersalon’sventilationto ensurethatitissafetouse hairspray,nailpolishremover, andcandlesinside Canyou programthedatabottotestthe airqualityandalerttheclient withanalarmiftheairqualityis unhealthy?
MEASUREYOURSUCCESS Yourairqualityanalysisshould:
ReporttheVOCsintheenvironment
NotifytheuserwhentheVOCsare aboveanunhealthylevel
TEAMROLES Yourairqualityanalysismust: Useonlythematerialsprovided Savethedatainafileforlater review
Workwithyourteamtodeterminewhowillcompleteeachroleforthisproject.
ProjectManager
ResourceManager
ProjectCommunicator
ProjectTester
MATERIALS Databot
Hairspray
VOCABULARY Reviewthefollowingvocabularytermsandtheircorrespondingdefinitions,which youwillencounterthroughoutthischallenge.
VOCs
Volatile Organic Compounds, gases emitted into the air from products or processes and may be harmful
PPM, or parts per million, is a unit of measurement expressing the concentration of a gas in the air A VOC that contributes to air pollution A VOC that can cause eye, skin, and lung irritation
Candle Nailpolish remover Fan Lighter
GETTINGSTARTED TECHNOLOGYINFOCUS A4×4membranekeypadisasmallinputdevicethatletsuspressbuttonsto sendcommandstotheRaspberryPi.Wecanuseitto:
WIRE Start/stopdeviceswithabuttonpress
Step1:Ensurethedatabotischarged.Connectthedatabottoyourdevice withtheUSBcord.
CODE
Step1:Navigateto
https://microblocksfun/run/microblockshtml
Step2:SelecttheUSBconnectionbuttonandensurethecodehighlightsin green
Step3:Addthedatabot library.
Step4:Onstart,setuptheSGP30 sensortolettheprogramknow youaregoingtouseit
Step5:CreateavariablenamedVOCtostorethevalueofthesensorreading
Step6:SincetheSGP30hastwovalues,firstCO2andsecondVOC,settheVOC variabletotheseconditem.The“item”blockcomesfromthe“input”tab.Note thatthecolorsofthecommandsmatchthecoloredtabs,whichshouldhelp youlocatethem.
Step7:Runtheprogramwith thegreen“play”buttonand thenopenthegraphtoview thevalues.
a)WhatVOClevelsinppm(partspermillion)areunsafeforanindoorspace?
THISISWHEREYOUUSEYOUROWNTHINKING! THIS IS WHERE YOU USE YOUR OWN THINKING!
Createawaytonotifytheuserwhentheairqualityisaboveanunhealthy level.
DESIGNANDPLAN Howwillyoumakeyourprogramsuchthatthedatabotsoundsanalarmwhen theairqualityisunhealthy?
TEST a)Gobacktothe'MeasureYourSuccess'sectionandcheckthe boxes.Doesyourprojectmeetallthecriteriaandconstraints?
b)Whilewearingamask,exposethedatabottothefollowingsubstancesand takenoteoftheVOCvaluesonthegraph.Weretheyhighenoughtosetoffthe alarm?
c)Putacheckunderneaththemeasuresyourecommend.Considerthe drawbacksaswellasthebenefitsofeachmeasure.Forexample,anoutdoor beautysalonorhavingthewindowsopenmaynotbefeasibleinmostplacesall year.
d)Whatelsecanabeautysalondotoproperlyprotectitsemployeesand customers?
SHAREANDDISCUSS
Presentyourfindingstotheclassanddiscussthefollowingquestions.
1.WhatotherconsumerproductswouldyouliketotestforVOCstomakesure youareusingtheminproperlyventilatedspaces?
2.Ifyoudiscoveredtherewerebusinessesnearyouthatarenotproperly ventilatingtheirspaces,whatcanyoudotohelpthecustomersandemployees?
MATHANDSCIENCECONNECTION 1.ThefollowingVOCsamplesinppmwerecollectedover10hoursinastudyof tworestaurantwherechefswithandwithoutahoodrangewereexposedto VOCs.
a)Predict:willthemean,median,andmode ofthesetwodatasetsberationalor irrationalvalues?Howdoyouknow?
b)Solveforthemean,median,andmodeofthe twodatasets.Wasyourpredictioncorrect?
c)Whatarethestandarddeviationsofthetwodatasetsroundedtothenearest hundredth?Whymightonedatasethavealargerstandarddeviationthan another?
REFLECT SUSTAINABILITYINFOCUS GoodHealthandWell-Being(SDG3)aimstoensurethateveryonecanlivea healthylifeandimprovewell-being.Thisincludes:
1.Howdoesyourscannerhelppeoplestayhealthy?Circlethecorrect answer.
2.Whichjobhelpsmothersandbabies?Circlethecorrectanswer.
FEEDBACK FEEDBACK
Showyourprojectto3friendsandcollectstickers!
Trytomodelandprintthesolutionyourself Ifyouarehavingtrouble,lookat theimagesbelowforguidance.
SAMPLESOLUTION Trytocomeupwithfunctioningcodeyourself,butifyouneedhelp,youmay refertotheexamplebelow.
INTRODUCTION Thoughyourpolarizedsunglassesmightdiminishtheglareofthesun,theymay not have a coating that blocks Ultraviolet or UV rays. UV sensors such as the GUVA-S12SDcantesttheintensityofUVradiationthatpassesthroughthelenses to determine whether the sunglasses provide adequate protection against exposure to UV light, which can cause eye damage such as cataracts and photokeratitis.
DEFINETHEPROBLEM The product review board would like to compare the amount of UV rays their polarized sunglasses block to other materials to ensure they provide significant and sufficient protection from damagingUVrays.Canyouhelp?
MEASUREYOURSUCCESS YourUVprotectiontestsshould:
1.Report the amount of UV transmitted to thesensor
2. Notify the user when the UV levels are aboveanunhealthylevel
TEAMROLES YourUVprotectiontestsmust:
1.Useonlythematerialsprovided 2.Savethedatainafileforlaterreview
Workwithyourteamtodeterminewhowillcompleteeachroleforthisproject.
ProjectManager
ResourceManager
ProjectCommunicator
ProjectTester
MATERIALS
Reviewthefollowingvocabularytermsandtheircorrespondingdefinitions,which youwillencounterthroughoutthischallenge.
GETTINGSTARTED WIREANDCODE 1. Ensure the databot is charged. Connect the databot to your device with the USBcord.
2.Navigateto:https://microblocks.fun/run/microblocks.html
3.SelecttheUSBconnectionbuttonandensurethecodehighlightsingreen.
4.Addthedatabotlibrary.
5.Onstart,programthedatabottoprinttheUVindextothescreen.
amage
5.Runtheprogram,holdingthedatabotuptothesun,andlookatthevalues.
Note: If you cannot hold up the databot to the sun while it is connected to your device, you may use the Vizeey app and read the UV values directly. However, you should still create the code so that you have it as a starting point for the challenge.
WhatlevelsofUVradiationareconsideredunsafetolookatdirectly?Lookupthe UVindexscaleandrecordyourfindingsbelow
CHALLENGE Design a system for the databot to signal the UV Index value through distinct beep or light patterns, enabling users to interpret the sensor readings directly withoutneedingacomputer.
DESIGNANDPLAN How will you make your program such that the databot can inform the user of theUVindexrangewithoutacomputer?
EVALUATE Disconnectthedatabotfromthecomputerafterdownloadingthecode.
Locate the UV sensor on the databot. Notice how there is a hole in the polycarbonate case above the sensor. This is because polycarbonate naturally blocksUV.ToexposethesensortotheUV,thedatabotwillneedtobeheldatan anglethatallowsthesunraysthroughthehole.
Hold the databot up to the sun first with nothing in front of it, ensuring the sun cangetthroughtheholeabovethesensor,tofillinthecontrolcolumn.Then,hold it up with a variety of items in front of it to test their UV protection capability. Options include: direct sunlight, non-polarized sunglasses, polarized sunglasses, normal eyeglasses, reading glasses, classroom window, tinted car window, and more!
Directsunlight
Non-polarizedsunglasses
Polarizedsunglasses
Normaleyeglasses
Readingglasses
Classroomwindow
Tintedcarwindow
Go back to Measure Your Success and checktheboxes.Doesyourprojectmeetall thecriteriaandconstraints? TEST
Presentyourfindingstotheclassanddiscussthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatothermaterialswouldbeusefultotest?
2.WhichmaterialhadthemostsurprisingUVresult?
3.Willyouchangeyourbehaviorbasedontheseresults?
MATHANDSCIENCECONNECTION Assume the UV Index UVI decreases linearly with the degree of polarization P of sunglasses. For a particular pair of sunglasses, the relationship between the UV Indexandthedegreeofpolarizationisgivenby:UVI=20-0.2P.
1.FindtheUVIwhenthesunglasseshave50%polarization.
2.DeterminethedegreeofpolarizationPrequiredtoreducetheUVIto2.
3.Interpretthereal-worldmeaningoftheslopeinthislinearrelationship.
1.Howdoesyourparachutetesthelpsustainability?Circlethecorrect answer.
2.WhichSTEMcareerusesparachutetests?Circlethecorrectanswer.
FEEDBACK FEEDBACK
Completethefollowingsentenceandpracticesayingtoyourfriends:
Ibuilta
Ithelps
Trytomodelandprintthesolutionyourself Ifyouarehavingtrouble,lookat theimagesbelowforguidance.
SAMPLESOLUTION Try to come up with functioning code yourself, but if you need help, you may refertotheexamplethatispartiallycompletedbelow.
C E R T I F I C A T E O F I N N O V A T I O N C E R T I F I C A T E O F I N N O V A T I O N C E R T I F I C A T E O F I N N O V A T I O N C E R T I F I C A T E O F I N N O V A T I O N
