SIW Level 2 - Early Electronics

EARLY ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS EARLY

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STEM Innovator’s Workbook - Level 2 Copyright © 2026 Author: Rebecca McDowell Editors: Asma Mahamedi, Lindsey Own, Hari Mukul Sagar, and Erin Goodwin ISBN: 978-981-17521-1-7 Published by: SKOOL21 PTE. LTD. 71 Robinson Road, #14-01, 068895, Singapore First Edition published by SKOOL21 PTE LTD - Singapore, 2024 Second Edition published by SKOOL21 LLC - United States, 2026 All rights reserved, No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.

For permissions or inquiries, please contact: Email: info@skool21.org Website: https://skool21.org Address: 600 California St, #13-021, San Francisco, CA 94108, United States

02

Hello, STEM Innovator!

Welcome to your book!

You are a STEM Innovator.

Innovator. An Innovator is a hero who uses energy and logic to solve problems!

Open your Early Electronics Kit. Kit. Inside you have: Power: Battery Holders to give your projects life.

Connectors: Conne ctors: Snap wires to build paths for electricity.

Logic: Sensors let your machines "think" and "hear".

In this book, you will: Make a Smart Lamp that helps you see when it gets dark.

Build Bui ld a Doorbell that says "Hello!" to your friends.

Control C ontrol the Wind by changing the speed of your fan.

Earn Your Rewards!

Rewards!

As you complete each project, you will earn Innovator Stickers.

Stickers.

At the end of this book, you will receive your Certificate of Innovation to show the world that you are a Master of Electronics!

Let’s build together!

03

Table of Contents S. NO

CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

1

INTRODUCTION TO THE KIT

05

2

LESSON I: POWER, INPUT, AND OUTPUT

06

3

LESSON II: ELECTRICITY PATHS

08

4

LESSON III: CONTROL ELECTRICITY FLOW

10

5

LESSON IV: DIFFERENT LIGHT OUTPUTS

12

6

PROJECT 1: DESIGN AN ELECTRIC LAMP

14

7

PROJECT 2: DESIGN A SWITCH

22

8

PROJECT 3: DESIGN A DOORBELL

30

9

PROJECT 4: DESIGN A LODESTONE DETECTOR

38

10

PROJECT 5: DESIGN A COMMUNICATOR

46

11

PROJECT 6: DESIGN A FAN

54

12

PROJECT 7: DESIGN A CIRCUIT

62

13

PROJECT 8: DESIGN A MOTION DETECTOR

70

14

PROJECT 9: DESIGN A MOTION ALARM

78

15

PROJECT 10: DESIGN A LIGHT SHOW

86

16

PROJECT 11: DESIGN A VIDEO GAME

94

17

PROJECT 12: DESIGN A BIRTHDAY SURPRISE

102

18

PROJECT 13: DESIGN A NIGHT LIGHT

110

19

PROJECT 14: DESIGN AN ELECTRIC CAR

118

20

PROJECT 15: DESIGN A HIGHWAY

126

21

CAPSTONE PROJECT: INNOVATOR’S CHALLENGE

134

22

GLOSSARY

139

23

INNOVATOR STICKER SHEET

141

24

STEM CERTIFICATE

143 04

Introduction to the Kit Meet Your SKOOL21 Early Electronics Kit! Open your box and see what is inside! This kit has everything you need to build and play. Use batteries for power and snap wires to join parts. You can turn your big ideas into real working circuits. Let’s build together!

KIT COMPONENTS 1. Power & Control Battery

Remote

Control

100 ohm

Variable

PNP

Holder

Control

Module

Resistor

Resistor

Triode

x2

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

2. Connectors One

Two

Three

Four

Five

Six

Snap

Snap

Snap

Snap

Snap

Snap

x6

x9

x4

x2

x1

x1

Red

Blue

Green

4.5 V

2.5 V

Seven

LED

LED

LED

Bulb

Lamp

Snap

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

3. Light Output

4. Switches Slide

Press

Touch

Reed

Button

Jumper

Switch

Button

Sensor

Switch

Switch

Wires

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

5. Motors & Motion Snap

Fan

Geared

Universal

Support

Rubber

Motor

Motor

Motor

Wheel

Rod

Wheels

x1

x1

x2

x2

x1

x2

Buzzer

Ammeter

Infrared

x1

x1

6. Specialized Electronics Circuit

Mini

Triangle

Board

Board

Base

x1

x1

x1

7. Advance Sensors & Sound Output

Sensor x1

Light

Sound

Loud

Space

IC

IC

Sensor

Sensor

Speaker

Wars IC

Alarm

Music

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

05

Lesson I:

POWER, INPUT AND OUTPUT LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the learners will: Identify the three main parts of a circuit: Power, Input, and Output Explain how electricity flows through a complete circuit Build a simple Snap Circuits model using a Battery, Input, and Output Observe how changing parts of a circuit changes what it does

VOCABULARY Word

Meaning

Input

A part that sends a signal (like pressing a button)

Output

A part that uses energy to do something

Battery

The part that gives energy to the circuit

WHAT IS A CIRCUIT? A circuit is a path that electricity travels through.

Electricity moves from the battery, through the circuit, and back to the battery again. Electricity can only move when there is a full loop.

When the circuit is complete, electricity flows and things work.

When the circuit is broken, electricity cannot flow.

THE THREE MAIN PARTS OF A CIRCUIT Every simple circuit has three important jobs.

Power Input

Output

Power gives energy to the circuit.

Tells the circuit when to turn on or off

Uses the energy to do something

(Battery)

(Button, Switch, Sensor)

(Light, Motor, Sound)

06

MEET THE PARTS Every Early Electronics project needs three main roles: Input

Power

The Boss

Output

The Heart

The Worker

These parts tell the circuit what to do.

This part gives These parts show energy to the circuit. what the circuit does.

Examples from the kit:

Examples from the kit:

Examples from the kit:

Battery Pack

Button

Light bulb

Switch

LED

Touch Plate

Motor

Reed Switch

Loudspeaker

Helper Parts: Some parts help us build the circuit, like snap wires and the base.

Wire

Mounting Plate

CHECK YOUR THINKING 1. Which part gives energy to the circuit? Circle the correct answer.

Button

Battery Pack

Light bulb

07

Wire

Lesson II:

ELECTRICITY PATHS LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the learners will: Build a simple circuit using a battery, wires, and an LED Explain that electricity needs a complete loop to flow Observe that an LED works only in one direction Identify safe and unsafe ways to connect a circuit

VOCABULARY Word

Meaning

Wire

A part that carries electricity

LED

A small light that works in one direction

Short Circuit A path that lets too much electricity flow

MATERIALS

Battery Pack

Wires

LED

Mounting Plate

GETTING STARTED: BUILD A CIRCUIT Every Early Electronics project needs three main roles: Add Power 1. Place the batteries in the battery pack.

2. Snap the battery pack onto the mounting plate.

Make a Path for Electricity 3. Snap a blue connector on the mounting plate parallel to the battery.

08

Complete the Path 4. Snap another blue connector to help make a loop.

Add the LED 5. Snap the LED into the open space to finish the circuit.

Look closely at the LED The LED has an arrow.

STOP AND THINK

1. Turn on the circuit. Does the LED light up?

Yes

No

2. What happens if you turn the LED around?

IMPORTANT IDEA: DIRECTION MATTERS

An LED works only when: The positive (+) side of the LED Is connected to the positive (+) side of the battery

If the LED is flipped: Electricity cannot flow The LED will not light

SAFETY GUIDELINES Never connect the blue wires directly from one side of the battery to the other.

This makes a short circuit.

A short circuit: Lets too much electricity flow at once Can make parts hot Can damage the circuit Always place a part (like an LED) in the path.

09

Project 1:

DESIGN AN ELECTRIC LAMP Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

OBJECTIVES At the end of this activity, the learner will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the following:

Next Generation Science Standards Engineering Design Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs.

Cambridge Science Electricity and magnetism 2Pe.01 Identify how we use electricity and describe how to be safe with it.

1Ps.02 Explore ISTE that Standard as sound travels from a source it becomes quieter

1.3.d Knowledge Constructor Students build knowledge by actively exploring real-world issues and problems, developing ideas and theories, and pursuing answers and solutions.

1.4.c Innovative Designer Students develop, test and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process.

1.7.c Global Collaborator Students contribute constructively to project teams, assuming various roles and responsibilities to work effectively toward a common goal.

Common Core Mathematics Measurement And Data 2.MD.C.7 Tell and write time from analog and digital clocks to the nearest five minutes, using a.m. and p.m.

Cambridge Math Geometry and Measure 2Gt.02 Read and record time to five minutes in digital notation (12-hour) and on analogue clocks.

STEM Careers Connection

This project includes tasks that reflect the work of professionals in the following careers: Electrical Engineer

Product Designer

14

Project 1:

DESIGN AN ELECTRIC LAMP INTRODUCTION Lamps help us see in the dark by providing light when the sun goes down.

We use them to read, do homework, and safely move around at night. Some lamps burn oil to produce light, but they can make the air unhealthy. Electric lamps use electricity and do not pollute the air.

Clean Light to Learn

How Does Electricity Help Us?

You Are an Electrical Engineer!

People use electricity to

Light

Oil lamps can make air unhealthy. Electric lamps give clean light for reading at night!

Cook

Devices Hour hand

Reading the hour and minute hands tells us the time.

Minute hand

DEFINE THE PROBLEM Your friend wants an electric lamp to read at night.

You will be engineers!

Your team will help your friend design an electric lamp.

15

Engineers test their ideas.

You build an electric lamp to help your friend read better!

MEASURE YOUR SUCCESS Goals

Rules

Your electric lamp should: Provide light Include a decorative lampshade

Your electric lamp must: Use only the materials provided Include design ideas from everyone

TEAM ROLES Work with your team to determine who will complete each role.

Leader Material Manager Reporter Testing Supervisor

MATERIALS Which parts do you think will you need?

Note: Always follow safety guidelines to prevent injury, overheating, and damage to equipment.

VOCABULARY Word

Meaning

Electricity

A form of energy that makes things like lights work

Lampshade

The cover that goes over a lightbulb to protect the light

Pollute

To make air, water, or land dirty or unsafe.

16

GETTING STARTED TECHNOLOGY IN FOCUS

A circuit is a pathway that allows electricity to flow through it. It has three important parts: Power Battery

Input Switch

Power gives energy Tells the circuit when to the circuit. to turn on or off

Output Light Bulb Uses the energy to do something

Only when all the parts are connected, electricity flows.

BUILD See the steps below for inspiration on how to to build.

17

YOUR

THIS IS WHERE YOU USE YOUR OWN THINKING!

CHALLENGE Your friend loves the lamp‌ and wants lampshades to‌ match different moods.‌

Can you design new lampshades? Check out the ideas above for inspiration.

DESIGN AND PLAN Look at the materials you can use. Draw or describe your ideas for the electric lamp and lampshade.

Design Prompts

Art Supplies

Paper and tape Light bulb

Circuit board

SHARE YOUR IDEAS Write one great idea from each teammate: Team Member Ideas

18

TEST Go back to the 'Measure Your Success' and check the boxes. Does your project meet all the goals and rules?

Yes No

MATH AND SCIENCE CONNECTION 1. What kind of habitat do elephants live in?

Paper lampshade

Battery

Switch

2. Your friend turns his lamp on at 7:30 p.m. to read before bed. Draw the time he turns on his lamp.

3. Read the clock and write the time your friend goes to bed.

REFLECT SUSTAINABILITY IN FOCUS

Quality Education aims to help all children learn new things, try new skills, and get the tools they need to succeed in school and in life.

This includes:

Hands-on learning

Teaching New skills 19

Exploring STEM

1. How does your solution help provide a quality education for your friend? Circle the correct answer.

It helps my friend read at night

It helps planes fly higher in the sky.

It makes ice cream cold faster.

2. Which job helps design electric lamps and lampshades? Circle the correct answer.

Chef

Electrical Engineer

Interior Decorator

They cook food.

Designs safe circuits

Designs room style

FEEDBACK Complete the following sentence and practice saying to your friends: 1. I built a

2. It helps 3. One way I made my lamp effective was: Show your project to 3 friends and collect stickers!

20

Try to build and program the tool yourself. If you are having trouble, try the following directions.

SAMPLE SOLUTION Try creating your own design. If you need help, use this example for inspiration.

21

Project 2:

DESIGN A SWITCH Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

OBJECTIVES At the end of this activity, the learner will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the following:

Next Generation Science Standards Structure and Properties of Matter 2-PS1-1. Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

2-PS1-2. Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose

Cambridge Science Properties of Materials 2Cp.01 Describe a property as a characteristic of a material and understand that materials can have more than one property.

2Cp.02 Explain why materials are chosen for specific purpose on the basis of their properties.

1Ps.02 Explore ISTE that Standard as sound travels from a source it becomes quieter

1.3.d Knowledge Constructor Students build knowledge by actively exploring real-world issues and problems, developing ideas and theories, and pursuing answers and solutions.

1.4.c Innovative Designer Students develop, test and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process.

1.7.c Global Collaborator Students contribute constructively to project teams, assuming various roles and responsibilities to work effectively toward a common goal.

Common Core Mathematics Measurement And Data 2.MD.D.9 Generate measurement data by measuring lengths of several objects to the nearest whole unit, or by making repeated measurements of the same object.

Show the measurements by making a line plot, where the horizontal scale is marked off in whole-number units.

STEM Careers Connection

This project includes tasks that reflect the work of professionals in the following careers:

Cambridge Math Statistics and Probability 2Ss.01 Conduct an investigation to answer non-statistical and statistical questions (categorical data).

2Ss.02 Record, organise and represent categorical data.

Choose and explain which representation to use in a given situation: lists and tables, Venn and Carroll diagrams, tally charts, and block graphs and pictograms.

Safety Engineer

Materials Scientist

22

Project 2:

DESIGN A SWITCH INTRODUCTION Materials act in different ways. This is called material properties. Some materials are strong.

Some are bendable. Some materials let electricity move. Some materials stop electricity. Metal lets electricity move. Metal is a conductor. Plastic and rubber stop electricity. They are insulators. A switch turns electricity on and off. It helps the lamp light up safely.

Smart Materials for Safety

Test Materials Like Scientists Metal

Conductor

Rubber

Insulator

Metal

We must not waste energy.

Using the right materials helps us stay safe.

Plastic

Electricity move

Electricity Stop

DEFINE THE PROBLEM Your friend has a lamp. The light switch is missing. The lamp cannot turn on or off.

You will be engineers!

Can your team find the right material to design a new light switch?

23

You Are a Safety Engineer!

Engineers choose the best materials. Your switch helps people use electricity without getting hurt.

MEASURE YOUR SUCCESS Goals

Rules

Your light switch should: Turn on the light Stay in place by itself

Your light switch must: Use only the materials provided Include design ideas from every group member

TEAM ROLES Work with your team to determine who will complete each role.

Leader Material Manager Reporter Testing Supervisor

MATERIALS

Which parts do you think will you need?

Note: Always follow safety guidelines to prevent injury, overheating, and damage to equipment.

VOCABULARY Word Switch

Meaning A device that opens or closes an electrical circuit

Conductor

A material that lets electricity flow through it

Insulator

A material that stops electricity from flowing 24

GETTING STARTED TECHNOLOGY IN FOCUS

A switch is a tool that controls electricity. It tells the circuit when electricity can move and when it must stop.

Electricity can move.

Electricity stops.

ON (Closed Circuit)

OFF (Open Circuit)

BUILD See the steps below for inspiration on how to to build.

25

YOUR

CHALLENGE

THIS IS WHERE YOU USE YOUR OWN THINKING!

Can your team find the right material to design a new light switch?

DESIGN AND PLAN Look at the materials you can use. Draw or describe your ideas for the switch and circuit.

Design Prompts

Art Supplies

Paper and tape Paper clip

Circuit board

SHARE YOUR IDEAS Write one great idea from each teammate: Team Member Ideas

26

TEST Go back to the 'Measure Your Success' and check the boxes. Does your project meet all the goals and rules?

Yes No

MATH AND SCIENCE CONNECTION 1. Circle the materials that are conductors.

Wood

Metal

Plastic

2. Which materials lit up the bulb? Circle your answers in the table below.

Item Main Material Did it light the bulb?

Paper

Wood

Metal

Plastic

Nail

Wood

Metal

Plastic

Paper clip

Wood

Metal

Plastic

Pen

Wood

Metal

Plastic

Marker

Wood

Metal

Plastic

REFLECT SUSTAINABILITY IN FOCUS

Responsible Consumption means we use materials wisely. You used only the parts you needed to fix the lamp. This helps reduce waste and saves resources. This includes:

Fixing things instead of throwing them away.

Choosing the best material for the job.

27

Using less and keeping parts for later.

1. How does your new switch help the Earth? Circle the correct answer.

It helps us use materials wisely.

It makes toys grow bigger.

It makes rain fall faster.

2. Who designs safe switches for lamps? Circle the correct answer.

Painter

Safety Engineer

Tennis player

Paints walls pictures

Keeps people safe

Plays tennis games

FEEDBACK Complete the following sentence and practice saying to your friends: 1. I built a

2. It helps 3. One way I made my switch effective was: Show your project to 3 friends and collect stickers!

28

Try to build and program the tool yourself. If you are having trouble, try the following directions.

SAMPLE SOLUTION Try creating your own design. If you need help, use this example for inspiration.

29

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I can Build. I can Connect. I can Share. I am an Innovator!

Who successfully completed the STEM Innovator's Challenge Level 2 - Early Electronics.

This award is proudly presented to:

NOITAVONNI FO ETACIFITREC

CERTIFICATE OF INNOVATION

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