We Dare

15 COMMEMORATING 15 YEARS

WE DARE

DISASTER ASSISTANCE AND RESCUE TEAM

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CONTENTS

Foreword Preface

page 06

page 08

Chapter 1

RISE TO THE OCCASION page 10 Our Formative Years

Chapter 2

THIS IS THE PLACE page 18 Home of the Rescuers

Chapter 3

TRAIN US HARD, WISH ME LUCK page 26 The Training Regime

Chapter 4

THE LIST GOES ON page 34 Capability Development

Chapter 5

DISPENSE WITH NO ONE page 52 Incidents (Local & Overseas)

Chapter 6

REALISE A BROADER WORLD page 80

Collaboration and Communion with Overseas Counterparts

Chapter 7

HISTORY IN THE MAKING page 92 A Tribute to the Commanders

Acknowledgement

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page 99

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WE DARE

Š 2009 Singapore Civil Defence Force

Singapore Civil Defence Force

Disaster Assistance & Rescue Team Operations Department 91, Ubi Avenue 4 Singapore 408827 Tel : +65 6848 1826 Fax : +65 6848 1830 www.scdf.gov.sg

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Singapore Civil Defence Force.

Designed by Splash Productions Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore ISBN no. 978-981-08-2889-9 4

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Foreword This year marks the 15th year of DART’s formation and service to the nation.

Formed to augment SCDF’s overall emergency response capabilities, DART today is a highly trained, well-equipped team, always ready to undertake specialised as well as complex search and rescue operations when activated to missions, both locally and overseas.

In April 2004, DART was called upon to perform one of the most complex search and rescue operations when a section of the Nicoll Highway collapsed. Steel structures supporting the tunnelling of a subway line beneath the highway gave way, resulting in the massive cave-in, which also affected the road above it. The five-day rescue operation was made even more difficult by heavy downpour resulting in dangerous soil condition, which threatened the safety of the rescuers and the stability of neighbouring buildings.

This commemorative book is a chronicle of the DART’s milestones and a celebration of its achievements. It pays tribute to all DART members and is a reservoir of collective thoughts, strengths and experiences that has made DART what it is today.

In this operation, DART was tested on all accounts. For the remarkable discipline and courage displayed by the team in its search and rescue efforts, DART received public praises and admiration. Most notably, nine DART personnel received the Medal of Valour from His Excellency, President S R Nathan for their bravery and dedication beyond the call of duty.

Never resting on its laurels, DART has always strived for excellence, continuous upgrade and expansion of its skills and expertise. It has been deployed to 10 overseas rescue and humanitarian missions, including the SCDF Operation Lionheart mission to Muzaffarabad, Pakistan in October 2005 and earthquakehit Sichuan, China in May 2008. Testament to its outstanding performance and professionalism, DART holds the honour of being the first in Asia and the seventh in the world to be classified in 2008 as a “Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Team” by the United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG).

This commemorative book is a chronicle of the DART’s milestones and a celebration of its achievements. It pays tribute to all DART members and is a reservoir of collective thoughts, strengths and experiences that has made DART what it is today.

As DART strides forward, let this book inspire the current and future generations of DART Specialists to even greater heights of excellence.

COMR JAMES TAN CHAN SENG Commissioner Singapore Civil Defence Force

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Preface DART has indeed come a long way from its humble beginnings to become a professional unit that is capable of handling highly complex rescue operations. Since its formation in 1993, DART has always been at the forefront of major incidents and disasters, be it at the Nicoll Highway collapse or responding to the tragic Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004. Over this short span of time, the unit has grown from strength to strength, gaining unsurpassed recognition and reputation as an elite urban search and rescue entity capable of professionally tackling major disasters, both domestically and internationally.

This Commemorative Book traces the unit’s origin, heritage, developments and successes over the past 15 years. More significantly, the book highlights the spirit and passion of DART Specialists in living up to their raison d’etre. DART’s motto “We Dare” expresses the beliefs, traits and the true nature of this highly skilled and professional unit.

Their “never say never” attitude towards risk and danger in saving lives has won the admiration, acknowledgement and accolades from not only the communities they served, but also gained honour and respect from their fellow rescuers.

Last but not least, this special book is dedicated to the past, present and future SCDF personnel who have and will continue to elevate the DART unit to greater heights, as well as continuously strive to achieve operational excellence.

I wish them every success in the future!

COL Anwar Abdullah Director Operations Department Singapore Civil Defence Force

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This Commemorative Book traces the unit’s origin, heritage, developments and successes over the past 15 years. More significantly, the book highlights the spirit and passion of DART Specialists in living up to their raison d’etre.

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CHAPTER 1

RI5E TO THE

OCCASION Our formative years were dramatic right from Day One. Our growth has remained phenomenal.

DART Specialists with the Rescue Tender in the early years.

Back row (from left to right): WO1 Ithnin Bin Sulong, WO1 Ab Latif Bin Raji, SWO1 Jerry Chia and WO1 Selamat Bin Abdul Jalil.

Front row (from left to right): SWO2 Mohd Azlan Slamat and SGT Sukirman Bin Manuderio.

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Formative Years DART stands for Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team. Singapore’s need for this elite force sprang up in 1986.

That year, Hotel New World collapsed. The Singapore Fire Service and Singapore Civil Defence Force joined hands in the rescue operation. The former had a Search and Rescue Squad. The latter formed the Blitz Squad (equivalent to a rescue squad) shortly afterwards.

On 15 April 1989, Singapore Civil Defence merged with Singapore Fire Service to form Singapore Joint Civil Defence Forces (SJCDF). The new Rescue Squad was formed.

The Rescue Squad evolved. LTC Poon Siow Hai recollected, “In the early 1993, instructions were given by SCDF Senior Management to relook into the formation of DART. Instead of decentralised operations in the fire stations and divisions, we were tasked to retain the Rescue Squad personnel to establish a centralised rescue squad. At that time, 2nd PS BG Tan suggested that the name of this squad be DART or DARE. We chose the former.” Soon after, the Rescue Squad was renamed DART. It conducted its first DART Conversion Course from 28 June 1993 to 13 July 1993. A highly eventful two years ensued.

These officers played an important role in setting up DART in 1993: AC Ang Tse Meng, MAJ Winston Chang, WO1 Zainal Atan, COL Chris Tan, CPT Dennis Ng, and MAJ Sam Gan. In 2008, the United Nations recognised DART as an elite Heavy Rescue Team.

This distinguished award signified the climax of DART’s progress in the 15 years since its formation.

Instructors and trainees from the 3rd DART Conversion Course.

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RISE TO THE OCCASION

DART LOGO In 1994, Commissioner SCDF approved the DART logo that SWO1 Jerry Chia designed.

The DART emblem spots the outline of a “Figure-of-8 Descender” – an important and essential equipment for height rescue operations. The ladder and the rescuer rappelling with the basket stretcher represent the unit’s key life-saving function, skills and competencies. The colour blue symbolises water rescue capability. The colour red symbolises the capability to respond to fire incidents. The colour orange symbolises the courage to excel amidst adversity. The colour white symbolises the horizon. In totality, the DART emblem emanates respect, pride and care — the core values DART personnel uphold.

TOP

Members of the Singapore Joint Civil Defence Forces (SJCDF).

CENTRE LEFT

Members of the Rescue Squad at the Central Fire Station.

CENTRE RIGHT

Training conducted at Mandai Training Village (MTV).

BOTTOM LEFT

Graduation photo of the 1st DART Conversion Course.

BOTTOM RIGHT

A DART rescuer receiving an award from Deputy Commissioner Tan Jin Thong.

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RISE TO THE OCCASION

TOP

Members of DART posing with Senior Management at the official formation in 1993.

BOTTOM LEFT

DART Specialists in Mandai Training Village after a display segment.

BOTTOM CENTRE

A training exercise with the RSAF. BOTTOM RIGHT

A DART Specialist receiving his letter of appointment from LTC Poon Siow Hai.

“We always say that DART is the elite force of SCDF. I should thank the Public Affairs Department, at that time SAC Jackson and LTC Subhas did a lot of publicity for DART and maintained very good relationships with the press. Many good articles on DART were published in almost every operation, whether local or overseas.”

– LTC Poon Siow Hai

Members of the Rescue Squad.

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THIS PAGE TOP

DART Specialists with the Rescue Tender at Central Fire Station in 1993.

CENTRE

A display setup manned by DART pioneers. CPT Dennis Ng, the first Platoon Commander, is on the left.

BOTTOM

Graduation photo of the second DART course in 1995.

OPPOSITE PAGE CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

A visit to DART Base by related agencies.

WO1 Zainal Atan, the first Unit Sergeant Major, demonstrating the use of the harness.

A training exercise conducted at the former Basic Rescue Training Centre (BRTC) at Jalan Bahar Camp.

A training exercise with the RSAF. DART Specialists ready for a water rescue mission.

A turnout, determined to let no one down.

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RISE TO THE OCCASION

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CHAPTER 2

THI5 IS

THE PLACE

We train here. We grow here.

And we like it here.

The DART Family Day at Changi Sea Sports Centre in 1995.

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THIS PAGE TOP

Our home at Central Fire Station.

BOTTOM

The Mess at Central Fire Station. Always a great place to rest and relax.

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

The Mess at Queensway Camp, 1996.

CENTRE

This is our home at Queensway Camp, 1996.

BOTTOM LEFT

Soccer forms a natural bond among DART Specialists.

BOTTOM RIGHT

A typical rappelling drill held at the current DART Base at Paya Lebar.

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THIS IS THE PLACE

DART initially based itself at Central Fire Station. There, 36 DART members held the fort. The rest of the 108 members formed the Reserve DART members. They were assigned to 4 fire stations, namely Central Fire Station, Jurong Fire Station, Ang Mo Kio Fire Station and Changi Fire Station, to provide support for the 4 CD Divisions.

In 1997, DART moved to Queensway Camp as its operational, logistical and training needs grew. Yet, it was not until 2001 that DART found its permanent home at HQ SCDF. Here, DART Commander LTC Poon, and later LTC Kadir, planned and designed the new DART Base.

The new DART Base is home to state-ofthe-art training facilities and intricate training. A case in point is the 7-storey training tower. Here, from basic skills, challenging stunts to the most advance manoeuvres are all transformed into standard drills. These drills come in especially handy during the execution of rescue operations.

DART Specialists feel very at home at DART Base. It is not uncommon to see many of them stay on after their assigned shifts to carry out maintenance of the Base and to care for the equipment.

DART Specialists often go on short food or fishing trips to Johor Bahru. Some even cycle to Desaru together. Soccer, a popular sport in SCDF, is well embraced by the DART Specialists. Friendly soccer matches are a common sight at DART Base.

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THIS PAGE TOP

DART emerging triumphant in the 1st Inter-Unit Sports Competition at Changi Point.

BOTTOM

Daily training routine at Central Fire Station.

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

Rapelling training at Central Fire Station.

CENTRE

DART Specialists at Junction 8 after a display segment.

BOTTOM LEFT

Daily practical session at Queensway Camp.

BOTTOM RIGHT

A promotion treat in progress.

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THIS IS THE PLACE

Our Unit Sergeant Majors (USM) reminisce: WO1 Zainal Atan:

“I had the honour of being the first USM. More importantly, I had the opportunity to work shoulder to shoulder with the finest people in the Force.”

SWO1 Jerry Chia Kok Beng:

“I am glad that the team helped me make the journey a much easier one, so that we could take on even larger challenges.”

SWO2 Abdul Razak Senin:

“My DART days – clearly some of the best days in my life.”

SWO2 Mohd Azlan Slamat:

“DART, or nothing. You can ask me again.”

SWO1 Abdul Rahim Awang:

“DART for career. Friends for life. It does not get any better than this.”

SWO2 Sabri Dusuki:

“I feel the weight of the DART legacy on my shoulders. I must do DART proud.”

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We Are Family WO1 Selamat Bin Abdul Jalil: “Here’s home. Here

is where I have my most memorable experiences.

Notably, my most valuable experience is the Azura mission. A victim was killed and trapped in the crane cable. We had to extricate the body with little more than our serrated knife.”

SWO1 Abdul Rahim: “When I finally leave the unit, for

whatever reasons, I know I will miss helping people the way we did at the overseas missions. For instance, in Pakistan, we were the only recourse the injured victims, stranded at heights, could count on. We evacuated them and administered first aid to them.

We attended to their discolouring wounds up close and personal. There was a connection with strangers we care for. Humanity touched us. And how can I not miss the connection?”

SWO2 Abdul Rashid: “When the time comes for me to hang up my helmet for good, I will miss the command role, the action, the adrenaline rush – pure and wild.”

SSG Mas Erwan: “I believe that if we live life all over

again, we will be honoured to be DART members again. This is family.”

SWO2 Sabri Dusuki: “Our spouses have been prepared. At the family gatherings for spouses, our commanders speak with them. The wives get to know one another. Some become quite closely-knit.”

WO2 Md Tashirin: “Our spouses are prepared. They are

very understanding.”

For 52-year-old SSG Rashid Shahdan, having served SCDF for 30 years and received the Long Service Award as well as other medals, home is also where “you maintain your fitness and endurance, beef up your mental strength and be happy working. I also need to read up a lot as the training now is knowledge based and I need to keep up with the youngsters.”

Evidently, high regimentation and hard training in DART do not preclude camaraderie. The unit organises many events and participates in many competitions. It is here where national athletes in Sculling, Dragon Boat, Silat and other sports hail from. Other than sports, annually, the unit organises Family Day. The Family Day of 1996 was particularly memorable. It was graced by SAC Derek Pereira.

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THIS IS THE PLACE

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

DART taking part and emerging triumphant at the 1st CD Skills Competition.

CENTRE

LTC Poon Siow Hai giving out service medals during a promotion treat.

BOTTOM

A DART Family Day gathering.

THIS PAGE TOP

DART organising the Tri-Lite Event in 2008.

BOTTOM

The DART Family Day of 1996, graced by SAC Derek Pereira.

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CHAPTER 3

TRAIN US HARD, WI5H ME LUCK

In the making of a DART elite, many are called, yet few are chosen.

A run in the warmth of the late afternoon sun.

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Few challenges are more gruelling than selecting the finest. The importance of DART selection and training cannot be emphasised enough. The disasters and incidents that call for DART’s attention is often highly challenging and demanding. They include rescue operations for victims trapped in ship fires and collapsed structures, as well as risky height rescue. DART members train hard to prepare for such worst-case scenarios. DART must be counted upon to diffuse such situations.

In this light, the DART Specialist Course – often mentioned in the same breath as urban legends in terms of training rigour – plays a pivotal role in ensuring the unit’s top-notch capability. In this connection, DART selection has always been premised upon strenuous tests on the physical and mental resilience of the candidates.

The Selection Process The 24-hour DART selection process starts with the traditional IPPT, followed by the 7km load run and the Breathing Apparatus Endurance test. This segment filters out unsuitable participants based on physical fitness and stamina. However, it is only the beginning of an intense process in which the participants will repeatedly ask themselves if they really have what it takes to be an elite DART member.

Next – the road march. Hardly a mere march, this is one that literally breaks the camel’s back. Carrying two “big Johns” on improvised stretchers — on top of two water jerry cans — makes the 21km test seem an eternity. The candidates have to rely on teamwork as their physical strength and mental determination sap.

Night fall brings another gruelling ordeal. The candidates are tasked to break through a concrete wall to access the final resting point of the 24-hour selection exercise. With just a chisel and a hammer, this is often the ultimate “breaking point” of the candidates aspiring to joint DART. Less than 50 per cent of the candidates can clear all the stages of the selection exercise. Such is the standard of the exercise. Only the fittest in mind and body would pull through.

“In the early hours at 0500hrs, we are moving towards yet another exercise scenario. Physically and mentally drained, I asked the tester (who is my fellow colleague in CDA), ‘Dude, spare us and end all these... what’s next?’ He just gave me a sinister smile back.”

TOP & BOTTOM

– CPT Lok Wee Keong, on his selection ordeal

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TRAIN US HARD, WISH ME LUCK

DART aspirants going through the paces at the selection trial.

CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

CPT Dennis Ng supervising the BA Endurance at the selection trial.

A young AC Ang Tse Meng (second from left) supervising a participant at the selection trial.

Fitness means you can execute the BA drills without drawing too much air, carry dummies as if they are made of paper, and run like the wind.

The sight of these “medicine balls” brings back “fond” memories to DART Specialists.

Hoisting the hose up three storeys is a task not meant for the weak.

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“When I was lowered from the 29th floor to the 27th floor of the building to rescue the workers trapped in the gondola, I knew all the gruelling training had to come in somehow. The fundamentals – they always matter; no matter how dynamic the actual situations may be.”

– WO1 Mustafa, on how fundamental training helped him to be mission-ready.

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TRAIN US HARD, WISH ME LUCK

DART Specialist Course (DSC) The DSC used to span over seven weeks. But with lessons learnt from overseas missions, it was realised that there was a need for DART Specialists to be able to render medical assistance or help traumatised casualties as well, so that they can augment the medical specialists during operations. Hence, a three-week trauma management component was introduced, extending the DSC to 10 weeks in duration.

Throughout the intensive course, the trainees receive instruction on Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) and all the essential drills. Trainees are stressed to the maximum to test their knowledge and skills proficiency, as well as their physical and mental fitness.

Competency in using the wide array of USAR equipment and techniques makes up an important aspect of the course. Height proficiency in the form of rappelling and high angle rescue is a daily essential on the training menu to beef up the confidence and skills of the trainees. In addition, trainees need to be able to cope with long hours of training, insufficient sleep, muscle aches and most of all – “heartache”, as the first 7 weeks involved trainees being confined for dedicated residential training programme.

Discipline and teamwork of trainees are also closely monitored and cultivated during the course. DART is a team, not an individual. Apart from being fit, disciplined and proficient, DART members must value team partnership. DART has no place for “lone heroes” as operations often involve the highest degree of team work to succeed.

“To keep myself going, I keep thinking, if I am suffering, the rest (of the participants) must be suffering too. This somehow pushes me on.”

– SSG Alex Chan, on the 10-week DART Course

THIS SPREAD

The daily training programme during the DART Specialist Course consists of BA drills, team building, height-rescue and physical training (tons of it).

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TRAIN US HARD, WISH ME LUCK

DART Specialists Certification Test Approved in 2008, the revised DART Specialists Certification Test assesses five fundamental skills aspects including water and height rescue, medical, and USAR. The Breathing Apparatus Endurance Component Test is based on the use of Closed Circuit Breathing Apparatus (CCBA) to perform the arduous tasks such as rolling and recovery of two 30m hoses; pitching and recovery of a ladder; carrying of a casualty up and down three flights of staircases; and hoisting of a 20-litre jerry can filled with water from the ground floor to the third storey. Officers are also required to complete a 2.4km walk within 30 minutes while wearing the CCBA. The water rescue test is a new component, benchmarked to the minimum requirement of Singapore Life Saving Society’s “Bronze Medallion” level. The test involves swimming 25m to rescue a drowning victim, as well as casting a throw-line to a victim in the water and towing him to safety.

The medical component essentially comprises the Basic First-Aid Proficiency Test (BFAPT) as well as assessment on the rescuers’ skills and knowledge to manage casualties in trauma.

The height rescue component formerly tests rescuers on their rappelling skills only. This has been revised to include both high and low angle rescue procedures, including the need for rescuers to don in full fire fighting gear complete with BA to conduct a low-angle rescue at a “Silo” to simulate deep tunnel rescue.

The revised USAR component comprises both theory and practical assessment. The theory component tests basic USAR methodologies which includes International Search & Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) Guidelines and USAR equipment specifications. The practical component comprises confined space rescue operation focusing on the assessment of using equipment to detect, stabilise, lift, and evacuate casualties.

THIS SPREAD

DART Specialists going through the paces at the revised DART Specialists Certification Test.

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CHAPTER 4

THE

LI5T GOES ON

Experience is a great teacher, technology an amazing enabler. Disasters must not go from bad to worst; our capabilities shall evolve from strength to strength.

DART Specialists responding in the Special Rescue Tender (SRT912).

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DART understands that the team could well be the last resort in emergencies. It is perceived by many that if DART is unable to handle a rescue task, no one else in SCDF would be able to.

Hence, “We Dare”, goes the DART motto.

As SSG Mas Erwan puts it: “We are the last line of defence, the final frontier. There is no turning back nor backup. Hence, I take pride in every mission I am assigned to.”

As DART comes face to face with extreme rescue missions that everyone else dare not undertake, the team must constantly strive to improve upon its capabilities and equipment. Learning from experience, here is the journey of the growth in the team’s capabilities over the years.

Urban Search & Rescue (USAR) DART’s USAR capabilities can be broadly categorised into three aspects, namely 1) Search and Detect 2) Cutting and Breaking 3) Lifting and Stabilising “Search and Detect” involves using hi-tech equipment to ascertain signs of life beneath collapsed structures. Once confirmed, cutting and breaking equipment can be used to extricate the trapped victims. Search and detect equipment include the DELSAR (Dedicated Electronic Listening for Search & Rescue), Optic Fibre and Search Cam. “Cutting and Breaking” involves using equipment to remove obstacles such as concrete rubble, in order to extricate the trapped victims in a disaster. Specialised cutting and breaking equipment include the Hydraulic Power Saw, Airgun and Reciprocating Saw. “Lifting and Stabilising” involves using equipment to elevate objects as the rescuers make their way to the trapped victims.

Metal struts are instrumental in providing additional stability to collapsed structures for the safety of the rescuers. Lifting and stabilising equipment include the Airbag, Holmatro Spreader and Rescue Support Strut (RSS).

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THE LIST GOES ON

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

The Hydraulic Power Saw in use. It is one of the heavy-duty cutting equipment available in the Heavy Rescue Tender.

BOTTOM

The powerful electric chainsaw cuts through wood effectively.

THIS PAGE TOP

The Reciprocating Saw uses several types of blades to cut wood and metal.

BOTTOM LEFT

The Airgun is able to hammer its way through concrete slabs with ease.

BOTTOM RIGHT

A DART Specialist with his Biel Tool.

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TOP LEFT

A DART Specialist uses the Nail Gun to secure the wooden pieces in place.

TOP RIGHT & CENTRE

The Airbag can be used to lift concrete slabs to enable the rescuers to extricate trapped victims.

BOTTOM LEFT

The Rescue Support Strut or RSS, is used to support unstable structures. Rescuers can then perform search and rescue operations in a collapsed building, trench cave-in or road traffic accidents.

BOTTOM RIGHT

The battery-operated Holmatro Spreader/Cutter can be used in lifting, pulling and cutting operations. In this instance, it is used for lifting a concrete slab.

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THE LIST GOES ON

TOP

A DART Specialist uses the Search Cam to locate signs of life underneath the rubble.

BOTTOM

The Optic Fibre is a useful tool that can be inserted into gaps or crevices to search for signs of life.

By transmitting noise or sound signals through its seismic sensors back to the operator, the DELSAR can be used to locate victims trapped underneath a collapsed structure.

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USAR is the most important aspect of DART’s capabilities. USAR capabilities are deployed locally and overseas.

Local Deployment • Rescue Tender (RT) The RT was the main rescue vehicle used by the DART for search and rescue incidents island wide in the formative years. It had responded to a high number of incidents. In addition, the vehicle was also used by the unit to conduct realistic specialised training at various locations within Singapore.

• Special Rescue Tender (SRT) The SRT, first introduced in November 1997, carries a wide range of search and rescue equipment as well as specialist rescuers for rapid first response

by DART to incident sites. The SRT is now the main rescue vehicle used by the DART unit for turnout to search and rescue incidents island wide. It responds to an average of 60 incidents per month.

• Heavy Rescue Tender (HRT) Developed in 1996 and launched in 1998, the HRT is equipped with additional heavy rescue equipment stored in modular containers for support operations. When deployed, it uses the crane mounted on its chassis to lower the modular containers. It carries specialised equipment catering to unique or major incidents, such as structural collapse and underwater rescue. The special equipment is carried in modular containers which can be interchanged to suit the operation requirements.

TOP, CENTRE & BOTTOM

The evolution of SRT reflects increasing needs for rescue capabilities. Over the years, the equipment and gear have been upgraded. So have the rescuers’ skills.

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THE LIST GOES ON

TOP

BOTTOM LEFT

BOTTOM RIGHT

The HRT is a potent enabler in USAR and water rescue. It can handle other missions too.

Rescuers drawing USAR equipment from the HRT.

Up and coming. The new HRT promises monstrous capabilities.

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Overseas Deployment • Recce Vehicle Beyond the shores of Singapore, DART is also deployed in overseas missions involving large scale disasters.

The Recce Vehicle, as the name implies, serves the purpose of rapid deployment and reconnaissance in disaster sites. It was decommissioned in 2008.

• DART Rescue Vehicle (DRV) The DART Rescue Vehicle, or DRV, is an all-terrain rescue vehicle. It is specially designed for multi-site deployment during overseas rescue missions. Equipped with an electrical winch and 0.6-ton worth of rescue hardware, it is capable of handling complex height rescue and USAR operations. The DRV can manoeuvre on undulating grounds, powered by a massive four-wheel drive engine. Since its commissioning in early 2008, the DRV was first deployed at the Sichuan Earthquake in May 2008.

• Rescue Trailer The Rescue Trailer is designed to be portable so that it can be ferried onboard the C-130. The modular structure enables flexi-configuring of the Rescue Trailer’s USAR capability to meet with the INSARAG Guidelines on USAR Classification. With the commissioning of DRV in 2008, the Rescue Trailer ceased to be deployed for overseas missions.

THIS PAGE

OPPOSITE PAGE

TOP

TOP

Recce Vehicle

5-tonner uploading from RSAF C130 during Operation Lionheart.

BOTTOM

DART Rescue Vehicle

CENTRE LEFT & CENTRE RIGHT

5-tonner and Rescue Trailer.

BOTTOM

5-tonner and trailer in action during deployment at Central Java Earthquake.

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THE LIST GOES ON

TOP

The Andros Robot was used in remote surveillance rescue missions, suited for confined spaces, in the early years.

CENTRE

The Defender, with remote access capabilities, is useful for checking suspicious packages.

BOTTOM

Vanguard MKII – adept at detecting hazardous materials remotely.

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Search Platoon (SP) The Search Platoon’s work, including the deployment of search dogs, started in 1996. A team of two senior officers (MAJ Tang Peng Seng and CPT William Loh) and four junior officers (SSG Goh Kwee Seng, SGT Segar Suppiah, CPL Timothy Lim and LCP Chia Ai Fei) pioneered the “Rescue Dog Section”. They underwent specialist training, including the Rescue Dog Course at Raddning Verket Rescue College in Sando, Sweden.

In March 1998, the Rescue Dog Tender (RDT), a specialised vehicle for transporting dogs was commissioned.

This improved the way the dogs were transported, where previously they

were ferried in SCDF lorries using PVC transporter cages. In June 1998, three dogs were procured from UK. Their capability was put to test in September 1998 when the construction site at the Paya Ubi Industrial Estate at Ubi Ave 1 collapsed.

In 2002, MAJ Angelene Thia took over the command of the Rescue Dog Unit from MAJ Tang Peng Seng. The unit was also renamed “Search Platoon”, characterised by the enlarged scope of the unit to search for lives using dogs as well as live detection equipment. Subsequently, the unit’s scope was further enlarged to include Post Blast Explosive Detection.

In 2005, CPT Alan Lim took over the command of the unit. He was assisted by CPT Tan Loo Ping as his deputy.

In 2007, the unit’s scope was again enlarged to include fire investigation, mainly accelerant detection during fire incidents. This led to the acquisition of Arson Investigation Dogs. Two new dog recruits, Max and Rex, have made an impact in arson investigation. They are also known as ‘arson dogs’. Every year, about 1,500 fires are referred to the SCDF Fire Investigation Department, which investigates into a fire when the cause of a blaze is less than clear.

The Search Platoon in the early years.

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THE LIST GOES ON

USAR dogs in operation.

TOP

A dog handler and his USAR dog.

CENTRE LEFT

Tog, our USAR dog, served faithfully in many overseas missions. Though retired, it has remained well loved.

CENTRE RIGHT

A USAR dog undergoing training at Mandai Training Village.

BOTTOM

Dog handler, USAR dog and their mode of transportation, the Rescue Dog Tender (RDT).

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Fire Fighting A distinct orange-coloured bunker gear sets DART apart from fire fighters. DART is trained and equipped to operate in risk areas involving high-heat exposure.

The elites often have to endure high temperatures and operate in dangerous environments to perform complex and prolonged search and rescue operations.

All of these are over and above the routine fire fighting drills of a fire fighter, such as the handling of nozzles and laying of guidelines.

One of the specialised equipment that DART utilises in fire incidents is the Closed-Circuit Breathing Apparatus (CCBA). CCBA is a closed circuit system that recycles air. This enables the user to operate intensively for up to four hours in the risk area.

Another equipment used by DART is the SKED stretcher. This equipment is characterised by its orange-coloured flexible body frame. DART uses it to extricate casualties from risk areas. The other equipment that is carried by DART in fire incidents include the Solo Vision, a type of thermal imager; the battery-operated Holmatro Cutter-Spreader and the Biel Tool, a type of breaking tool.

THIS SPREAD

Some of the specialised fire-fighting equipment used by DART Specialists include the CCBD, SKED Stretcher and Solo Vision.

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THE LIST GOES ON

47

Height Rescue DART’s capabilities in height rescue started with abseiling and rappelling using only ropes. The use of a harness was introduced subsequently to enhance safety and to meet the requirements of more complex rescue operations.

Suicide Rescue DART has an integrated response system of well-trained personnel, specialised equipment and rescue techniques to help save victims attempting suicide from height.

The development of suicide rescue capabilities includes the introduction of the rescue net and rappelling techniques. In fact, the use of the suicide net is unique to Singapore.

Cable Car Rescue DART built on the skills and knowledge acquired during the cable car training in France and IRATA training in UK. In Singapore, DART formulated a cable car rescue plan and conducts training regularly for DART Specialists to execute these rescue missions. This involves complex techniques developed using specialised equipment and extensive training by DART personnel. The mock-up cable car at Sembawang Air Base was the training ground to develop the most effective way of rescuing trapped cable car victims.

Today, with the development of new techniques and acquisition of equipment, DART is ready to respond to any cable car incident in Singapore.

DART Specialists executing a cable car rescue exercise at Mount Faber.

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THE LIST GOES ON

TOP LEFT

DART Specialists during a training exercise at the Sentosa Luge and Skyride.

TOP CENTRE

DART Specialists executing rappelling from a RSAF helicopter.

TOP RIGHT

Conducting height rescue training at the Sky Tower in Sentosa.

CENTRE LEFT

Rappelling is part and parcel of DART’s daily training routine since its formation.

CENTRE RIGHT

A DART Specialist executing the Commando Crawl, 3-floors above ground at the Central Fire Station in 1993.

BOTTOM

A successful suicide rescue mission using the rescue net.

49

Water Rescue It is mandatory for all DART personnel to be skilled in life saving in water. The core skills training involves two weeks of water fitness and rescue techniques. Further to this, rescuers are trained in handling power boats and scuba diving.

DART procured the following equipment to boost its surface water rescue capability: (i) IRB – Inflatable Rescue Boat with Outboard Motor (OBM).

(ii) Personal Protective Equipment for

surface rescue which include wet

suite, mask and fins. (iii) Specialised cutting equipment

– Thermal Arc – to perform cutting

underwater.

Armed with full diving equipment, the unit has attended numerous diving operations.

These include search and recovery of victims at reservoirs, wharfs, and other inland water bodies in Singapore.

Amphibious Vehicle (AV) The AV is an all-wheel drive and all-terrain vehicle with the capability to manoeuvre on both land and water. This allows SCDF to respond swiftly to water-related incidents, as well as off-road terrain, such as swamps or remote areas that are difficult to access. Measuring 3.02m in length, 1.52m in width and 1.17m in height, it is capable of transporting up to six persons.

This vehicle is equipped with a floating stretcher and basic water rescue equipment, such as water rescue tubes and life buoys, to conduct surface water rescue. Specially designed webbed tyres function as linear propellers for the AV when traversing in water.

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THE LIST GOES ON

Water rescue is a crucial component of the DART training.

The Amphibious Vehicle.

Aerial Rescue Aerial Rescue Heli-net The “Billy Pugh Net� was first used by oil rig owners to transport people to and from land and oil rigs. DART has developed it for use in high-rise building rescue.

The idea was mooted because of the high cost, high deployment time and relatively large manoeuvring space involved in using the Rescue Cage, Low-loader and Super Crane.

Heli-bucket SCDF acquired the heli-bucket system in 1999. This is a huge water dispenser that can be attached to a helicopter. It is useful for fighting fires in otherwise inaccessible terrain like nature reserve.

In February 2001, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the SCDF participated in a joint exercise to execute the procedures for the deployment of the heli-bucket fire fighting system. There were many other such joint exercises, boosting our capabilities in combating bush fires and forest fires.

TOP & BOTTOM LEFT

The Semat Heli-bucket in a training exercise.

BOTTOM RIGHT

The Aerial Rescue Heli-net in a joint exercise with RSAF, which deploys the Super Puma in air lifts.

Load testing in action.

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CHAPTER 5

DI5PENSE

WITH NO ONE

Incidents may occur anytime, anywhere.

In rescue missions, we go for every life.

It is never over, till it is over.

A DART Specialist and his USAR dog at the Nicoll Highway Collapse incident.

53

Overseas Rescue Operations

Baguio City Earthquake, Philippines 16 July 1990

DART Specialists form the bulk of the SCDF contingent dispatched for overseas search and rescue operations under the codename “Operation Lionheart”. The deployment enables DART Specialists to gain actual operations experience. It also enables them to apply what they have learnt during their training.

When a powerful trembler measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale hit, the city was brought to its knees. The 5-star Hyatt Terraces Plaza sustained the worst damage when its terraced front collapsed onto the hotel lobby area killing about 50 people. Landslides in this mountainous region cut off vital road links hampering the initial rescue effort. Hopes began to fade for hundreds of people believed to be trapped under collapsed buildings.

To date, SCDF has deployed the contingent to 10 locations across seven countries.

Thousands of city residents huddled in tattered tents and makeshift shelters in any open areas they could find, fearful of returning to what was left of their homes because of the many aftershocks. Baguio’s three hospitals all suffered significant damage and were without power.

• Baguio City Earthquake, Philippines (July 1990) • Highland Towers Collapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (December 1993) • Tai Chung Country Earthquake, Taiwan (September 1999) • Asian Tsunami Disaster, Aceh, Indonesia (December 2004) • Asian Tsunami Disaster, Khao Lak, Thailand (December 2004) • Sumatran Earthquake, Nias Island, Indonesia (March 2005) • Rokan Hilir Bush Fires, Sumatra, Indonesia (August 2005) • South Asian Earthquake, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan (October 2005) • Central Java Earthquake, Indonesia (May 2006) • Sichuan Earthquake, China (May 2008)

The SCDF Lionheart Contingent was certified as a Heavy USAR team on 18 January 2009 following a 36-hour INSARAG External Classification Exercise conducted by a team of international disaster response experts.

The contingent is the first in Asia to receive this UN award and the seventh in the world currently. According to Mr Arjun Katoch, Field Coordination Support Section, Secretary of INSARAG, “Singapore has passed with flying colours” during the assessment exercise.

When the sheer magnitude of the rescue operation became apparent, the Philippine government sent out an international call for help. Almost immediately, Singapore despatched its Lionheart team and a contingent of medical personnel from the Singapore Armed Forces.

Flown in by the Republic of Singapore Air Force, the men got to work almost immediately. As some team members distributed food and tents, others helped to treat the injured and prevent the outbreak of disease that usually follows such a calamity.

DART was tasked to look for survivors in a 4-storey building after the ground floor units collapsed in the earthquake. Nobody knew for sure if anyone was still trapped in the building but as long as there was a chance of life under the rubble, no effort would be spared.

Braving the pounding rain and the many aftershocks, which threatened to topple what was left of the building, DART began the gruelling task of tunnelling into the debris. What followed were days of slow, backbreaking work. In the end, no survivors were found. But for the officers, this was the ultimate test – putting their skills and their lives on the line to help a friend in need.

“Baguio City (Philippines) – Singapore’s first Operation Lionheart. SCDF’s overseas mission. As the disaster site, painfully mangled, appeared in front of me, I was reminded of the collapsed Hotel New World. My heart went out to the people trapped in the rubble, it was a big task ahead of me. I must get it done. To my eternal pride, we did it. ” – SWO2 Abdul Rashid Bin Hj Ali

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

TOP

The Singapore Rescue Team at the Baguio Earthquake.

CENTRE LEFT

Rescue work in progress at a disaster site.

CENTRE RIGHT

The rescue team keeping communication flowing.

BOTTOM LEFT

Teamwork and professionalism in action.

BOTTOM RIGHT

Minister Jayakumar being interviewed by the media.

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THIS PAGE TOP LEFT

DART Specialists unloading supplies upon arriving at the site.

TOP RIGHT

Leaving no stones unturned, every inch is searched thoroughly for signs of life.

CENTRE LEFT

The Singapore Rescue Team in the RSAF C130.

CENTRE RIGHT

A tough job indeed, and we will get it done.

BOTTOM

KL High Commissioner visits.

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

An RV point near the disaster site, where DART worked hand in hand with international rescuers.

CENTRE

LTC Subhas, representing the Singapore Rescue Team, meeting the Malaysian Minister.

BOTTOM

The appreciation dinner held in Singapore after the rescue mission.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

Highland Towers Collapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 11 December 1993 A huge mudslide brought on by heavy rain triggered the collapse of a 12-storey building on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur on 11 December 1993. Within hours upon activation, DART Specialists were already inside the collapsed building searching for survivors.

The rescue efforts were hampered by the unstable rubble, which was made worse by the near constant rain. At one stage of the operation, all rescue efforts had to be halted following a minor landslide on the hill behind the collapsed building. Still, we toiled away refusing to give up.

This incident later prompted the Malaysians to set up their own specialised rescue unit, the Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART). The team underwent advance training courses in Singapore with DART. Now, like DART, SMART has been partaking in international rescue efforts.

“My first Operation Lionheart came in December 1993, soon after the conversion course.

We were tasked to help out in the rescue mission at Highland Towers, Kuala Lumpur. I was part of the advance party. Though we worked long and arduous hours, and though I missed my one-year-old daughter and my expecting wife, team camaraderie fortified me. I’m glad to be part of the Singapore Team that contributed to the rescue mission abroad. I picked up valuable experience working with our foreign counterparts too.”

– WO2 Jaais Sol

57

Tai Chung County Earthquake, Taiwan 21 September 1999 It was barely 9.00am in Singapore the same day that the Operation Lionheart Contingent was put on alert. By 5.00pm, the team complete with four rescue dogs was airborne. On arrival in Dali City, the contingent immediately started work in the dark, looking for survivors in a collapsed 12-storey building.

Spectacularly, it took only 45 minutes for us to rescue an 8-year-old boy from the debris. Recalled MAJ Winston Chang: “He had been trapped for 30 hours. We saw only the boy’s dust-covered face in the bathroom that looked like a war zone. Large slabs of broken concrete were precariously stacked around him. Removing a wrong piece could have triggered an avalanche of rubble burying the boy and the four of us.”

Shortly after the boy was pulled out of the building, an aftershock struck demolishing what was left of that room. “It sent a chill down our spines as we realised that we could all have been killed if we were just five minutes late.”

Several hours later, the team scored another success, rescuing a second victim. This time it was a man, who had been trapped in a collapsed 5-storey golf clubhouse.

The pace of the rescue effort was unrelenting. Working sideby-side with Taiwanese rescue officers and hordes of ordinary civilians who pitched in to help, the searched continued round the clock.

The rescue mission lasted 20 days. Prior to their return to Singapore, the contingent even shared its knowledge with the local emergency authorities through seminars and exhibitions. DART was the first overseas rescue team to arrive and the last to leave.

“It was just exactly like in the movies. Seeing the highrise buildings go down in seconds sent a chill down my spine. Aftershocks were common and due to the weakness of the structure materials, a few more collapses happened in the vicinity of our campsite. It saddened me to see people lose their loved ones.”

– SSG Chua Lai Sian

58

DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

“My first Operation Lionheart mission to Taiwan earthquake was the most memorable one. Rescuing a child trapped in the collapse building, looking at the pitiful child made me feel as if my own child was being trapped. I told myself and my fellow rescuers that no matter what happened we must save the child. Tears rolled down while I was approaching the boy bit by bit. I touched the boy’s hand; I could feel my heart light up! After hours of struggle and perseverance, we brought the child to safety.”

– WO1 Johari Tati

Taiwan’s gratitude.

OPPOSITE PAGE

THIS PAGE

TOP & CENTRE RIGHT

TOP

A devastated site in the aftermath of the earthquake greeted the rescuers.

The trapped 8-year-old boy was eventually rescued by the Singapore Rescue Team.

CENTRE LEFT

Rescuers linking up with the local authorities and taking stock of the devastation.

CENTRE

The aftermath of Nature’s wrath.

BOTTOM

BOTTOM

A group photo at the end of the rescue mission.

Rescue at Golden Paris Condominium.

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Asian Tsunami Disaster, Aceh, Indonesia 26 December 2004 This Operation Lionheart is unique. It consists of simultaneous deployment – one in Aceh and the other in Khao Lak. Giant waves inflicted by a strong earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale struck 12 Asian coastlines, killing over hundreds of thousands of people and destroying their homes. SCDF quickly despatched two contingents of 23 officers to Banda Aceh and Khao Lak, Thailand to assist in the search and rescue efforts in these two tsunami-hit areas.

At the town of Aceh, DART Specialists geared up for an arduous battle as similar preparation took place concurrently in Khao Lak.

TOP

The scale of the devastation caused by the deadly tsunami.

CENTRE LEFT

PM Lee Hsien Loong visiting the rescue contingent at base camp.

CENTRE RIGHT & BOTTOM LEFT

Rescuers searching for signs of life among the rubble.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

TOP LEFT

Commissioner James Tan having a discussion with rescuers from counterparts in the region.

TOP RIGHT

Commissioner James Tan visiting the rescue contingent at rescue site.

CENTRE LEFT

A heavy machinery working at the centre of the devastated site.

CENTRE RIGHT

Rescuers surmounting trying conditions to carry out their mission.

BOTTOM

The Singapore Rescue Team hard at work.

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Asian Tsunami Disaster, Khao Lak, Thailand 26 December 2004 WO2 Jalil Muhaban did not think twice when he was informed of his deployment in Khao Lak. While it mattered that he had made plans to celebrate the New Year with his family, he knew very well that “we had a huge mission on hand. Not only did we wanted to help the Thai people during these difficult times, we wanted to help our fellow Singaporeans who were missing in Khao Lak when the disaster struck. We were determined to help their next of kin’s who were worrying sick over their whereabouts”.

THIS PAGE TOP

LTC Poon Siow Hai giving an update to the media.

CENTRE

Rescuers waiting to board the RSAF Super Puma.

BOTTOM LEFT

LTC Poon Siow Hai briefing Minister Wong Kan Seng at base camp.

BOTTOM RIGHT

The devastation caused by the tsunami.

NEXT PAGE CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

Rescuers planning their next course of action.

LTC Poon Siow Hai discussing with a rescuer from another country.

Rescuers doing a coastal search together with the Thai Navy.

Rescuers clearing debris and searching for signs of life near the coastline.

Rescuers in action at the disaster site in Khao Lak Rescuers preparing the ground for a helicopter landing.

Rescuers working together with the local population. Due to the massive scale of destruction, heavy machinery had to be used to help the rescuers remove concrete rubble so that gaining access to trapped victims can be expedited.

CENTRE

A daily briefing and mustering session.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

63

THIS PAGE CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP)

Rescuers looking for signs of life through cracks and holes in the roof of a collapsed building.

A precious young life is being taken care of.

Mr Hendra was brought out alive after seven hours of rescue.

Just keep going – the rescuers doing their best to look for signs of life.

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

An aerial view of the devastation.

CENTRE

Rescuers preparing to conduct a search inside the building after receiving a plea from a family member.

BOTTOM

Rescuers conveying a casualty to the make-shift hospital.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

Sumatra Earthquake, Nias Island, Indonesia 28 March 2005 Disasters bring despair. Yet, amidst gloom, miracles do happen. When a massive earthquake measuring 8.7 on the Richter scale hit Nias Island, SCDF DART Specialists arrived the following day and rescued a man who was trapped in a 3-storey pancake collapsed building. The entire rescue operation took seven hours.

The rescuers braved aftershocks and instability of the building. They ran the risk of getting buried alive under the pile of rubble. CPL Shahiman, the first rescuer to reach Mr Hendra, recalled: “No words could describe our happiness when Mr Hendra was brought out alive. Many of the rescuers were in tears of joy”. Mr Hendra, aged 42, suffered no visible injuries during the entire operation. He was one of the live victims whom DART Specialists saved during the 10-day operation.

“Nias was my first Operation Lionheart mission since my posting to DART in 2002. This mission was the most memorable for me because it completed the meaning of USAR (Urban Search & Rescue). It was first hand USAR at its best.

We worked exceedingly well with the SAF, RSAF and TNI (Tentera Nasional Indonesia).”

– SSG Md Fhaizal Bin Othman

65

South Asian Earthquake, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan 8 October 2005 SCDF activated Operation Lionheart for the fifth time in a year when a massive earthquake hit South Asia on 8 October 2005, claiming 79,000 lives in its wake. The 44-member contingent departed for Muzzaffarabad, one of the worst hit areas in Pakistan on 10 October 2005 on a 12-day mission.

Six days since posting to the DART, Platoon Commander CPT Sheikh Wezal Malek was activated for his first overseas mission. He said: “It was a privilege to be able to contribute to the relief efforts at the frontline and to learn from experienced commanders and rescuers who were involved in previous overseas missions. This mission allowed me to perform several roles – Rescue Platoon Commander, Staff Officer, Medic and mentor to my fellow rescuers. We worked closely as a contingent and built great friendships with one another, including members of the Red Cross who travelled with us. Most of all, it gave me the realism and experience to work at a major disaster.”

“Believed to be the 14th most destructive earthquake of all time. People lived in mountainous regions with access impeded by landslides that blocked the roads, leaving an estimated 3.3 million homeless in Pakistan. The homeless and injured were crying silently in pain. Their resilience made us not lose hope but continue to give more than our best.”

– LTA Mohammad Sukaimi Bin Ali

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

An aerial view of the incident site.

BOTTOM

LTC Yap Kok Boon, the contingent commander, addressing the rescue contingent.

THIS PAGE CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

Heli rescue — time is of the essence.

Some disaster sites are best reached on foot.

A quick meal. Then it is back to work.

Here is one for the memories.

Extricating bodies from the debris.

Every life counts.

Down but not out. A glad survivor.

All in a team’s work.

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Central Java Earthquake, Indonesia 27 May 2006 Some 5,000 lives were lost and another 38,000 injured in Yogyakarta, Central Java in this heart rending earthquake. The second most populated city in Indonesia also saw some 16,000 houses reduced to rubble. LTC Anwar Abdullah, Commander of 2nd CD Division led the Operation Lionheart contingent.

Equipped with specialised rescue equipment and search dogs, the 43-member contingent was deployed for search and rescue operations the same day. One key operation undertaken by the SCDF saw the recovery of a male body at Gunung Kidul, where a landslide occurred.

From the top of the hill, which was about 400m above sea level, DART and the Indonesian local rescuers trekked down a steep, muddy hill to reach the body. It was found pinned under a 10-tonne boulder. To free the body, rescuers utilised equipment such as a 10-tonne hydraulic jack, telescopic ramp, and spreader and cutter.

“I was activated for the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006 for a week plus. Upon reaching Yogyakarta, most of the bodies were already recovered from the disaster zone. We were tasked to render medical and humanitarian aid at the hospital and base camp. We also doubled up as translators for the Singapore medical team as most of them could not speak the country’s native language.”

– SSG Rashid Shahdan

TOP

Rescuers arriving at Central Java.

CENTRE

LTC Kadir Maideen gathering more information from the local authorities.

BOTTOM

COL Anwar Abdullah (contingent commander) with Indonesian Chief of Army General Djoko Santoso.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

The rescuer and USAR dog searching for signs of life.

Rescuers working with teams from other regional countries.

Dusk descends.

Rescuers providing medical aid and supplies to the local population.

COL Anwar Abdullah and LTC Kadir Maideen greeting the local authorities.

Rescuers in discussion with the local authorities.

69

Sichuan Earthquake, China 12 May 2008 A massive earthquake hit Eastern Sichuan, China on 12 May 2008, leaving nearly 70,000 dead, 18,000 missing and 375,000 injured. About 5 million lost their homes. Following this 7.8-magnitude quake, SCDF deployed its Operation Lionheart Contingent to China on 16 May 2008. Its mission was to assist local authorities in search and rescue efforts at the quake-hit region. The contingent departed Paya Lebar Airbase on 16 May 2008 via two Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) C-130 military aircrafts.

Led by LTC Francis Ng How Juah, Commander of 4th Civil Defence Division, the 55-member contingent included experienced DART members. The contingent was equipped with a host of search and rescue equipment such as fibreoptic scopes, life detector systems and hydraulic cutters and spreaders. The contingent also deployed four search dogs for the mission. The contingent brought its own adequate supplies of food, fuel and equipment.

In the 5-day Sichuan Earthquake mission, the contingent conducted search operations at over a dozen sites of collapsed buildings. Five bodies were uncovered and extricated from the collapsed structures and rubbles. The rescuers also rendered other forms of assistance to the locals affected by the disastrous aftermath of the quake and its many aftershocks.

This included the construction of a makeshift link bridge on 19 May 2008 at an area hit by a massive landslide.

“The Operation Lionheart Contingent was able to help the locals locate the bodies of their loved ones. The efforts left the whole of China with a sense of gratitude and warmth towards us. No longer are we separated by national divide. We are friends next door. I conclude that I am indeed proud to be there representing SCDF and Singapore. I now look at life from a different angle.”

– SSG Syed Faizzal

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

Rescuers and canine surveying the incident site.

CENTRE

A vehicle load of rescuers bring hope.

BOTTOM

The disaster site.

THIS PAGE CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

The harbouring base.

Rescuers worked tirelessly throughout the 5-day rescue mission, extricating five bodies amongst the dozen sites of collapsed buildings.

Dawn: Trekking 6km to rescue site.

Helping the locals overcome a water obstacle.

Rescue at work.

Dusk: a long night ahead.

71

“We saw piles of collapsed buildings, resembling the ruins area we so often trained at the Civil Defence Academy.

We set up our base camp and started off with our search for victims. The missions were at times tiring and frustrating, other times disappointing when we were not able to locate the victims. However, it was certainly rewarding when we accomplished our goals.

Sichuan was definitely an enlightening experience and an unforgettable one.”

– SSG Andrew Tai

TOP

A briefing for the rescuers.

CENTRE

Man and canine — a welcome duo at the disaster site.

BOTTOM

All eyes on more lives.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

TOP LEFT

Assisting a local to search for next-of-kin.

TOP RIGHT

A woman stricken by grief upon seeing her deceased family member.

CENTRE LEFT

Rescuers transporting a victim out of the incident site.

CENTRE RIGHT

LTC Francis Ng, Contingent Commander and MAJ Alvin Tan, DART Commander, with a representative from the local authority.

BOTTOM

A brief respite at the base camp.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

Rescue Operations in Singapore

Nicoll Highway Cave-in 20 April 2004

It is often said that in a crisis, a group of individuals will stand out from the rest.

The Nicoll Highway cave-in on 20 April 2004 lent testimony to this. It brought out the best of the DART Specialists.

Working on the incident site measuring about 110m by 150m, DART conducted four days of continuous search and rescue. Despite facing dangers of further soil movements and collapse, DART persevered. Working in chest-high, murky waters, amidst unstable sharp exposed metal and concrete structures and nearzero visibility, the DART Specialists were determined to find and recover the four victims trapped under the rubble.

Their dedication, persistence and bravery were recognised by members of public and the Government. Nine of the DART Specialists who were most directly involved in the dangerous search and rescue operations at the incident site were awarded the Medal of Valour, one of Singapore’s highest awards for bravery at the 2004 National Day Awards list.

DART Commander LTC Kadir Maideen, proud recipient of this award, was visibly moved. He said: ‘’While it’s our mission to protect and save lives, to earn so much support and respect from the public is indeed heartening and inspirational.”

“At the Nicoll Highway incident, before the end to the search and rescue operation, we made a final attempt. We dived deep into the debris.

Bewildered by the extent of damage, it exceeded our farthest imagination.

In my mind at that juncture, the top priority was to find life, not to fear for mine.”

– WO2 Md Tashirin

OPPOSITE PAGE

THIS PAGE

CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP)

FROM TOP

MAJ Chew Keng Tok, CPT Md Nazim and company trying to locate the victim trapped in the water.

Commissioner James Tan, the Incident Manager of the Nicoll Highway Collapse, briefing President S R Nathan.

Rescuer and canine — great partners.

Following the cracklines...

Rescuers searching for the victims amid all the entangled metal and concrete.

The cave-in in full view.

The massive devastation.

SAC Jackson Lim surveying the situation.

75

“For them to do this, it is not only for a job.

This goes beyond the call of duty. They bring honour to Singapore.”

– DPM Lee, praising the rescue workers.

THIS PAGE TOP

Rescuers and canines worked tirelessly, putting their own lives at risk.

BOTTOM

DART Specialists preparing to dive underwater to search for the victims.

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

Rescuers working amid the collapsed crane, fallen metal struts and broken concrete.

BOTTOM

Rescuers embarking on another search mission.

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DISPENSE WITH NO ONE

Source: The Straits Times

Source: The Straits Times

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Photo source: The Straits Times

The Fusionpolis Construction Site Incident 29 April 2004 Barely nine days after the collapse of Nicoll Highway, DART Specialists were called upon once again to another collapse at a construction site at about 1.40pm on 29 April 2004. The construction site at the Fusionpolis along Ayer Rajah Avenue collapsed, killing two construction workers.

Upon reaching the site, DART Specialists were presented with a scene of thousands of steel reinforcement bars collapsed and crashed upon the workers below in a 50m by 50m wide area that was 30m below ground level. The only access route was a treacherous lattice of scaffolding ladders.

Searching through heaps of reinforcement bars, DART Specialists spotted two trapped workers. One was conscious; his thigh was pierced through by a steel rod measuring about 2m long. DART Specialists had to cut and shorten the bar before the worker can be conveyed to the hospital. Using hydraulic cutter, DART Specialists had to be delicate and patient throughout the whole three-hour operation. Any slight movement of the bar would have caused tremendous pain to the injured worker, who was conscious.

The other trapped worker was unconscious under a heap of twisted metal; he was extricated within five hours. DART Specialists had to manually remove each piece of steel rod before releasing the trapped victim. The search and rescue operation lasted 14 hours.

TOP

The aftermath of Fusionpolis construction site incident.

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RSS Courageous 3 January 2003 A situation involving the RSS Courageous and another ship took place at night near the South China Sea. Although both parties took immediate measures to avoid contact, unfortunately collision occurred. The right rear section of RSS Courageous was sheared off. This portion included the space where four servicewomen who were off duty at the time were resting. DART was engaged and had to cut through the metal wreckages of the vessel in order to extricate the bodies of the servicewomen.

Crane Incident 16 January 1996 On 16 January 1996 in Bukit Timah Avenue 1, a Bangladeshi worker was killed in the crane pulley system drum. DART’s attempt at extricating the deceased by reversing the drums did not work. DART extricated the body using the Special Operation Gear (SOG) Kit.

Workers Trapped in Cement at Construction Site 28 September 1999 A temporary scaffolding used for holding cement mixture in the Paya Ubi industrial area collapsed during a cement pour. This caused two workers to fall into a pool of wet cement. DART was activated once it was clear that conventional rescue methods would not suffice. The rescuers had to race against the clock as the cement threatened to hardened with each passing minute. The first victim was extricated relatively quickly.

However, the second victim, who was trapped in metre deep cement was only located the following day.

TOP

DART Specialists extricating the trapped bodies of the RSS Courageous servicewomen at the dock.

CENTRE

The body entangled in the crane cable drum.

BOTTOM

DART Specialists extricating the body of the worker from the pool of cement.

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CHAPTER 6

REALI5E

A IBROADER

WORLD

We are committed to the cause of urban search and rescue beyond our shores. The world’s our neighbour and friend. We sharpen one another and move ahead together.

A briefing session at the INSARAG External Classification (IEC).

81

Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) Training collaboration between SCDF and SMART elevated training standards. CPT Lee Kian Fatt recalled: “I was ecstatic when given the task of training the only combined course of local and foreign participants. This course was therefore different from the rest. It presented an extra challenge as foreign trainees were involved.

CPT Lee went on: “Although the instructors seemed to be demanding and tough, even unsympathetic at times, they never lost sight of safety. Welfare was never compromised. Hence, we struck a close relationship with the SMART participants. We believe this course provided the impetus for the continuous growth of the budding relationship between SMART and DART at that time. This close relationship extends till this day.”

“We believe this course provided the impetus for the continuous growth of the budding relationship between SMART and DART at that time. This close relationship extends till this day.”

– CPT Lee Kian Fatt

DART and SMART, October 1995 – combined training, double synergy.

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REALISE A BROADER WORLD

OPPOSITE PAGE

THIS PAGE

TOP, CENTRE AND BOTTOM

TOP

SMART rescuers, together with DART, going through the paces during training.

SCDF instructor demonstrating a rappelling technique to the SMART rescuers.

BOTTOM LEFT

Trainees at the course, friends for life.

BOTTOM RIGHT

Till we meet again. Seeing our Malaysian friends off at the Tanjong Pagar Railway Station.

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Exercise Distress Exercise Distress was a joint exercise between DART and the Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART). It was conceived to enable the rescue teams from both countries to deepen interaction and foster greater rapport and co-operation.

The rescuers got to share multidimensional experiences in rescuerelated issues and problems. The collaboration had helped to grow DART and SMART’s capability and performance. As both parties became more aware of each other’s operational strengths and weaknesses, they were even more encouraged to promote greater regional co-operation and assistance in mitigating major disasters. Ex Distress I was conducted in Genting Highlands, Malaysia, in 1997. Ex Distress II was conducted in Mandai Training Village, Singapore, in 2000.

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OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

Bound for Ex Distress in Kuala Lumpur.

CENTRE

Checking out the training site.

BOTTOM

LTC Poon Siow Hai receving a memento on behalf of DART. THIS PAGE TOP (GROUP OF THREE)

Rescuers from DART and regional agencies working together during the Exercise Distress in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1997.

BOTTOM

A group photo. The moment to remember.

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Exercise ARDEX ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX) is a joint exercise involving the rescue teams of ASEAN. It focuses on response systems and operational procedures, encompassing the entire cycle of emergency response – activation, mobilisation, engagement and de-mobilisation.

Ex ARDEX 2005 was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in that same year. Rescuers from Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore participated in the deployment of Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) capabilities to provide assistance in an earthquake impact scenario.

Cambodia was next with Ex ARDEX 2006. Singapore followed up with Ex ARDEX 2007 at Mandai Training Village; rescue teams from Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia took part.

Ex ARDEX 2008 was held in Thailand. In this instance, the simulation exercise was based on the scenario of a typhoon which affected 300,000 people, destroyed some 23,000 houses and severely damaged Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, the country’s largest industrial complex. Eight ASEAN member states participated in this disaster relief exercise.

MOU with the Chinese Earthquake Administration (CEA) On 8 April 2004, SCDF marked yet another milestone in its international relations as it signed a memorandum of understanding with the Chinese authorities. The momentous event was to enhance collaboration and exchange of expertise in disaster management and emergency rescue operations in an urban setting between the two countries.

Since then, DART specialists and their Chinese counterparts have been training together regularly.

A group photo with the Chinese counterparts.

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OPPOSITE PAGE TOP & CENTRE

Teaming up with international counterparts.

BOTTOM

The rescue team from Thailand gearing up for some real action.

THIS PAGE TOP

A picture of camaraderie.

CENTRE

MAJ Alvin briefing Dr Teo Ho Pin and Commissioner James Tan. BOTTOM LEFT

The Philippines team waiting to be deployed.

BOTTOM RIGHT

In full play. A sprawling site.

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CLOCKWISE (FROM TOP LEFT)

DART Specialists getting ready to execute the rescue mission in Mandai Training Village at the IEC. Flowchart of procedures and timeline of actions.

A briefing session in progress.

WO2 Zakariyah Abrahim briefing DC Peter Lim and LTC Yazid Abdullah.

The SCDF team that successfully clinched the INSARAG Heavy USAR Team title.

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International Search & Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) INSARAG is a global network of more than 80 countries and disaster response organisations under the umbrella of the United Nations. Dealing with urban search and rescue (USAR) related issues, INSARAG aims to establish standards for international USAR teams and methodology for international coordination in earthquake response.

SCDF has been actively supporting INSARAG in its international humanitarian cause and mission since 1999. In August that year, SCDF partook in the review of the INSARAG Guidelines in the United States. This was followed by a range of other SCDF involvement in INSARAG’s wide spectrum of global search and rescue-related activities and programmes, such as the Annual INSARAG Team Leaders Meeting1, INSARAG Regional Exercises, INSARAG Training Working Group (TWG), and INSARAG External Classification cadre.

INSARAG External Classification (IEC) In January 2007, INSARAG extended an invitation to SCDF, in view of its high standing in the international USAR community, to apply for the INSARAG External Classification (IEC). USAR teams applying for INSARAG’s classification are required to submit a Portfolio of Evidence comprising details such as the USAR team’s experience in local/overseas operations, operational procedures, organisational structure, standards and policies, inventories,

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and training programmes. They are also required to conduct a classification exercise demonstrating operational capacity over a minimum of 36 hours of continuous operation.

Preparations for the classification began with a preliminary study of INSARAG’s classification checklist by SCDF Operations Department to evaluate the Lionheart Contingent’s operational capacity and capabilities. The study showed that the Lionheart Contingent met most of INSARAG’s requirements. The contingent even exceeded requirements in some areas as a Heavy USAR team.

INSARAG formally conferred SCDF the classification of “Heavy” international USAR team on 18 January 2008. The classification team comprised disaster response experts from Australia, China, Finland, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States.

With this certification, the contingent is recognised to have the capability to perform technical search and rescue operations in structure collapse incidents, particularly those involving structures reinforced with structural steel at two incident sites simultaneously.

The much coveted recognition places SCDF at the forefront of USAR authorities in the Asia region, making it the first emergency response agency in Asia to achieve this status.

As the Commander of SCDF’s elite rescue unit, DART Commander is also recognised as an International USAR Team Leader in the INSARAG.

LEFT

Working tirelessly and fearlessly to rescue lives.

RIGHT

DART Specialists conveying a casualty out of the rubbles.

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Civil Defence Skills Competition The Annual Civil Defence Skills Competition commenced in 1993. It tests operational skills, fitness and teamwork.

Teams from SMART, STAR, SPEAR were invited to participate in the first Civil Defence Skills Competition.

DART emerged victorious; SMART came in second. Yet, the fostering of teamwork, friendship and sharing of best practices has made every team a winner.

In 2000, the Civil Defence Skills Competition took on an international dimension with participation from neighbouring countries. Notably, personnel from neighbouring countries and DART were mixed and grouped in teams to compete against each other. In 2007, a record seven countries participated in the competition.

OPPOSITE PAGE TOP

DART topped the 1st CD Skills Competition in 1993.

CENTRE LEFT

DART at the CD Skills Competition in 1993.

BOTTOM LEFT

A DART Specialist executing a Commando Crawl enroute to victory.

BOTTOM CENTRE

The opening display segment during the CD Skills Competition in 1993.

BOTTOM RIGHT

DART at the CD Skills Competition in 2009.

THIS PAGE TOP , CENTRE AND BOTTOM

Rescuers working together during the competition.

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CHAPTER 7

HI5TORY IN THE MAKING

With every change of guard, we emerge as a story of hope in adversity + a picture of pride in teamwork + a celebration of excellence in our destiny.

Symbolic handling over of Command Baton from LTC Kadir Maideen to MAJ Alvin Tan. 93

Setting the Pace from LTC Poon Siow Hai (27 May 1993 – 27 August 2001) to LTC Kadir Maideen (27 August 2001 – 1 June 2006)

Since its establishment in May 1993, the elite unit was led by SCDF’s very own “Arnold Schwarzenegger“, LTC Poon Siow Hai. He is also fondly known as “Bapak“ (Father in Malay) to many DART veterans for his fatherly qualities and exemplary leadership. Taking the helm at the unit for a good eight years, LTC Poon led at numerous major incidents locally and abroad.

As a leader and commander, LTC Poon was a balanced picture of discipline and humility. The prominent “godfather“ of DART finally handed over the baton in a private and low-key manner (as he has always preferred) on 25 August 2001, leaving a rich legacy in the unit. At the former Queensway Camp, LTC Poon handed the Baton of Honour to MAJ Kadir Maideen, the Deputy DART Commander then.

“I would like to thank Commissioner James Tan for giving me the opportunity and trust to set up the centralised DART, and to thank all DART members who I have had the pleasure of working with during my stint as a commander.”

– LTC Poon Siow Hai

UNIT SERGEANT MAJORS (USM)

WO1 Zainal Atan Jul 1993 - Nov 1996 94

HISTORY IN THE MAKING

SWO1 Jerry Chia Kok Beng Oct 1996 - Nov 1998

SWO2 Abdul Razak Senin Oct 1998 - May 2000

SWO2 Mohd Azlan Slamat May 2000 - May 2002

OPPOSITE TOP

LTC Poon Siow Hai briefing PM Goh Chok Tong at a display segment.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM

LTC Poon Siow Hai briefing Commissioner James Tan and HQ Directors at Queensway Camp.

TOP

LTC Poon Siow Hai with COL Chris Tan during an Operation Lionheart mission.

LEFT

LTC Poon Siow Hai, a father figure to the DART Specialists.

DEPUTY DART COMMANDER

SWO1 Abdul Rahim Awang Feb 2002 - Feb 2007

SWO2 Sabri Dusuki Jan 2007 - Present

AC Ang Tse Meng 1991 - 1992 95

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Sure and Steady from LTC Kadir Maideen (27 August 2001 – 1 June 2006) to MAJ Alvin Tan (1 June 2006 – Present)

On 1 June 2006, DART saw its second change in command after an almost 5-year period under the credible leadership of LTC Kadir Maideen. LTC Kadir’s distinct success could be traced to the cohesiveness in the unit. Matching the impeccable standards set by his predecessor, LTC Kadir led by example. He put his life on the line in several major operations. Most notable was the Nicoll Highway collapse in 2004. His dedication earned him a Medal of Valour for his display of courage and composure during the Nicoll Highway Cave-in. He was succeeded by MAJ Alvin Tan.

“The stint in DART has been most memorable for me and I treasure the moments I shared with the men during all training, operations (both local and overseas), social and recreational activities.”

– LTC Kadir Maideen

TOP

LTC Kadir Maideen at Exercise Red Whale, 15 May 2004.

BOTTOM

LTC Kadir Maideen delivering his farewell speech at the Change-of-Command Parade.

PLATOON COMMANDER

CPT Dennis Ng Jul 1993 - Aug 1996 96

HISTORY IN THE MAKING

CPT Edmund Tan Aug 1996 - Sep 1998

MAJ S Subramaniam Jun 1996 - Aug 1998

LTC Alan Toh Feb 1998 - Mar 2000

CPT Bryan Ee Sep 1999 - Mar 2001

Crossing a New Paradigm MAJ Alvin Tan (1 June 2006 – Present)

Between 1993 and 2001, LTC Poon Siow Hai set the pace for every member of DART to follow. Between 2001 and 2006 LTC Kadir Maideen cemented the good foundations accomplished by DART. In the next lap, MAJ Alvin Tan attempts to break new ground and push DART to even higher achievements and excellence, befitting its legacy and aspirations for the future.

Amongst the new initiatives introduced by MAJ Tan are the new criteria for DART selection. They serve to further ramp up the selection process, raising the standards of new DART member intake. Other new initiatives include the launch of appliances such as the DRV for better response to incidents especially during overseas missions. A new HRT is also developed with customised layout which facilitates equipment deployment to replace the aging HRT. MAJ Tan has expended significant efforts to push for incremental skills enhancement in DART. This has been evident in his strict insistence on DART Specialists sharpening and escalating their wide range of rescue skills including water and height rescue proficiencies. In the area of height rescue, MAJ Tan has led the team to develop capabilities to tackle unique onsite challenges, through training and practice at actual sites such as the Singapore Flyer, and Sentosa Luge and Skyride.

Under MAJ Tan’s leadership, DART has grown from strength to strength. As testimony to its considerable capabilities, SCDF was awarded the prestigious INSARAG External Classification (IEC) “Heavy“ international USAR team in 2008, sealing a place in history as the first emergency response team in Asia to be accorded the honour.

All in all, MAJ Tan’s efforts have been paving the way for DART to continue honing its capabilities so that it remains highly effective, efficient and relevant.

TOP

MAJ Alvin Tan at the IEC External Classification award ceremony.

BOTTOM

MAJ Alvin Tan briefing Minister Wong Kan Seng at the SCDF Workplan.

CPT Mohd Nazim Mar 2001 - Mar 2005

CPT Ernest Ong Jun 2002 - Oct 2005

CPT William Loh Jun 2002 - Sep 2003

MAJ Chew Keng Tok Sep 2003 - Jul 2006

LTA Mohd Sukaimi Mar 2005 - Feb 2007 97

“To serve is a privilege. To serve with the finest men I have met in my life is an unparalleled gift. I treasure the opportunity to lead and grow DART. This is one resounding difference that I must make. With the great people around me, I am determined to make my tour a particularly meaningful one.”

– MAJ Alvin Tan

TOP

MAJ Alvin Tan reciting his oath at the Change-of-Command Parade.

BOTTOM

DART Change-of-Command Parade in 2006.

PLATOON COMMANDER (Cont’d)

CPT Sheikh Wezal Oct 2005 - Aug 2008 98

HISTORY IN THE MAKING

CPT Jason Chua Jul 2006 - Jan 2009

CPT Kelvin Tan Feb 2007 to Present

CPT Wong Wee Liam Aug 2008 - Present

CPT Lok Wee Keong Jan 2009 - Present

Acknowledgement The editorial committee would like to extend our sincere gratitude to everyone who has contributed to the DART Commemorative Book for their invaluable support and assistance.

We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to the present and past members of DART who took time out of their busy schedules to be interviewed and to share with us their thoughts and experiences.

The Editorial Committee

Contributors

COL Anwar Abdullah LTC N Subhas LTC Abdul Razak MAJ Alvin Tan MAJ Leslie Williams MAJ Alroy Tan MAJ Chew Keng Tok MAJ Elizabeth Ho CPT William Loh CPT Ong Chee Wee CPT Md Nazim CPT Jason Chua CPT Lok Wee Keong

SAC Derek Pereira AC Ang Tse Meng LTC (Ret) Poon Siow Hai LTC Kadir Maideen CPT Lee Kian Fatt CPT Ho Tian Keong SWO1 Abdul Rahim Awang SWO1 Jerry Chia SWO2 Abdul Razak Senin SWO2 Md Azlan Slamat SWO2 Sabri Dusuki SWO2 Abdul Rashid Bin Ali SWO2 Junaidi Rowden WO1 Selamat Bin Abdul Jalil WO1 Ab Latif Bin Raji WO2 Jalil Bin Muhaban WO2 Mohamad Ashari Bin Mohd Sultan SSG Shuhrawardi Hussain SSG Irwan Juraimi SGT Md Yazid Bin Md Yusof Mr M Masri A Rahman

We appreciate The Straits Times’ help in providing the use of selected past news articles and graphics. It may not be possible for us to name everyone or to enumerate our gratitude here. But rest assured that just as we dare, we care for your involvement. In ropes, and in words. Thank you.

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