India-US

Defence MInIster rajnath sIngh anD the Us Defence secretary, Dr Mark t. esPer DUrIng the BIlateral MeetIng, on octoBer 26, 2020. chIef of Defence staff general BIPIn rawat, chIef of the arMy staff general Manoj MUkUnDnaravane, chIef of the aIr staff aIr chIef Marshal r.k.s. BhaDaUrIa, chIef of naval staff aDMIral karaMBIr sIngh, Defence secretary Dr ajay kUMar anD other DIgnItarIes are also seen.

IndIa-US: Game ChanGer meetInG

Agreements during the visit has opened a new chapter in India-US strategic partnerships and will prove to be a game changer in strategic equations in the region

By Ranjit KumaR

the historic visit of US Defence Secretary Mark t.

Esper and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to India on October 26 and 27 has finally laid to rest all speculations in the bilateral strategic partnerships. The joint historic visit to New Delhi for 2+2 dialogue with Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar will be remembered for decades to come. The visit has been able to raise the fourth and final pillar of foundation agreement BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement), over which India and US will be building a new structure of bilateral strategic partnership. The two defence establishments, during this third annual 2+2 dialogue, have finally been able to showcase to the strategic community world over that India and US are now the latest strategic partners in letter and spirit. The completion of all four Foundational Agreements during the visit has opened a new chapter in India-US strategic partnerships and will prove to be a game changer in strategic equations in the region.

In the backdrop of continuing bellicosity by the Chinese army, the latest BECA agreement has assumed much significance, as India can hope for early delivery of more sophisticated combat capability enhancing systems, which will prove to be a game changer in the current eyeball to eyeball military standoff of the two armies on the border areas of Eastern Ladakh.

Besides BECA, the two sides also deliberated at length, the need for enhanced maritime information sharing and maritime domain awareness between their Navies and affirmed their

commitment to build upon the exist- Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) ing defence information-sharing at the joint-service and service-to-service levels and explore new areas of mutually The visit generated much interest among was inked. The conclusion of the fourth and last foundation agreement marks the end beneficial cooperation. In this context, Indian public and of the prolonged phase of mutual trust both the countries decided that the discussions on Maritime Information strategic community building and sets the stage for more comprehensive defence and security Sharing Technical Agreement (MISTA) in particular because cooperation. These foundational agreewill continue. According to a former Director of Intelligence and Information operations for the US pacific fleet, of continuing Chinese aggressive ments will also pave the way for acquisition of unmanned combat aerial vehicles, which are controlled by satellite Captain James Fannel (Retd), on the behaviour since last links to attack the targets hundreds of strength of BECA and MISTA, India will be able to join the existing “fleet six months kilometres away. In fact, the 2018 agreement on COMCASA and latest BECA intelligence federation” which will be a agreement will clear the path for India great leap forward in maritime security to acquire more sophisticated weapon cooperation. This will help in operation- systems like armed drones Reapers and alising the QUAD alliance and turn it into a credible deterrent Predators which will assist in long range accurate targeting of against China’s militant expansionism. enemy targets on land and oceans. The COMCASA will enable

After the joint ministerial talks, a senior official of the Indian India to access advanced military platforms with encrypted and External Affairs Ministry said that defence and security coop- secure communications and data links like the armed drones. eration between India and US has emerged as a key pillar of our BECA will assist Indian armed forces in acquiring real time strategic partnership. Our defence trade, joint exercises, industrial and technology collaboration and military to military ties have expanded in recent times. According to US Defence secretary Mark Esper, “from collaborating on emerging technologies to advancing defence trade priorities, India and US have agreed to continue to work in partnership to address pressing global security challenges.”

In the backdrop of China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea and frequent forays of Chinese warships in the Indian Ocean, the two sides very significantly affirmed their commitment to increased cooperation between the Indian military and US Central Command and Africa Command, including broader participation in exercises and conferences, so as to promote shared security interests.

During the meeting, both sides asserted, that they have reiterated the importance of peace, stability and prosperity for all countries in the region by upholding the rules based international order, ensuring freedom of navigation in international seas, promoting open connectivity and respecting the territorial integrity and sovereignty of all States. They also took a dig at China by asserting that a multi polar world must have multi polar Asia as its basis. This is significant in view of Chinese designs to singularly dominate Asia. Ussecretary of state, MIke PoMPeo wIthexternal affaIrs MInIster,

The visit generated much interest among Indian public and Dr s. jaIshankar DUrIng the InDIa-Usa 2+2 DIalogUe strategic community in particular because of continuing Chinese aggressive behaviour since last six months and anti China exchange of geo-spatial intelligence through advanced satellite rhetoric expressed publicly by Pompeo-Esper duo in Hyderabad imagery topographical and aeronautical digital data for long House. Though, China provided a backdrop to the visit, the two range navigation and accurate strikes against the enemy targets. countries were discussing the completion of fourth Founda- Following these agreements, the armed forces can now expect tional agreement BECA (Basic Exchange Cooperation Agree- the government to clear the proposal to acquire 30 Hunter killer ment for Geospatial Cooperation) over the last one decade. weaponised Sea Guardian or MQ-9 Reaper drones. India is also When the two countries put their final seal of approval on the willing to work with American experts to jointly develop Drone third foundation called the Communication compatibility and Swarms, which can overwhelm and damage enemy’s air defence Security Agreement (COMCASA) in 2018, India had expressed systems, thus destroying enemy’s radar and defensive mechaits readiness to sign on the BECA, which will enable deepest nism. Indian defence minister Rajanth Singh had indicated collaboration between the defence forces of the two democratic during his opening remarks made available to media that both powers. The first foundational agreement called The General countries have identified priority near term projects for joint Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) was development, which need to be fast tracked under the defence signed way back in 2002 during the regime of then NDA Prime technology and trade initiative (DTTI). Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Fourteen years later, in 2016, the After the 2+2 talks the India-US Joint Statement acknowledged second foundational agreement, called the Logistics Exchange India’s contributions to global supply chain of major defence plat-

Defence MInIsterrajnath sIngh anDexternal affaIrs MInIster Dr sUBrahManyaMjaIshankar wIth Ussecretary of state MIke PoMPeo anD Us Defence secretary Dr Mark t. esPer at the joInt Press stateMents after the InDIa-Usa 2+2 DIalogUe.

forms and commitment to defence innovation. Both sides reiter- (MDP) between India and United States. During the deliberations ated the importance of defence technology and trade initiative the two sides expressed satisfaction in the implementation of the and stated their intention to fast track projects under DTTI. Logistics Exchange and Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA)

Though, the conclusion of the BECA agreement was very and Communications, Compatibility and Security Agreement much expected, the focus of the 2+2 dialogue was on Indo-Pacific (COMCASA), including the expansion of secure communications region, where China poses strong challenge not only to Indian capabilities to include secure video tele-conference between their and US strategic and economic interests, but to the whole world, respective navies, armies and Air forces as well between respecas China advances its claims over large part of the South China tive Foreign and Defence ministries. Sea. As the US military and political leaders have often empha- In view of advancing Chinese capabilities in interfering in sised that the South China Sea is not China’s sea, the maritime the internet infrastructure of rival countries, India and US, sigarea must be open to all traffic, which is known as international nificantly, had earlier convened India-US Information and Comwaters under the United Nations Law of the Seas (UNCLOS). munication Technology (ICT) working group, which reaffirmed

The Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh talking about the commitment towards open and reliable and secure internet as high level visits from US, said that the “2+2 dialogue has a politico- well as multi stake holder model of Internet governance. They military agenda that underlines our close bilateral relationship. emphasised on fostering cooperation between their Industry Our national security convergences have obviously grown in a and academia for an open , secure and resilient supply of stramore multipolar world. We must ensure that India US bilateral tegic material and critical infrastructure and to independently partnership makes a positive contribution to the world arena.” To evaluate the risk associated with deployment of emerging ICT continue various military engagements, both countries gave green technologies including 5G networks. Prior to this meeting, India signal to tri-service Amphibious Tiger Triumph HADR exercise and US had also in mid-September organised first India-US and the Army Exercises Yudh Abhyas and Vajra Prahar in 2021. defence Cyber security dialogue.

During the talks India reiterated the Thus the third annual 2+2 ministeimportance of peace, stability and pros- rial dialogue has paved the way for furperity for all countries in the region. ther deepening of multifaceted defence According to Rajnath Singh, this is pos- and security cooperative relationship sible only by upholding the rules based Both Indian and between India and USA. The fact that, the international order, ensuring the freedom of navigation in the international seas, promoting open connectivity and respectAmerican defence and foreign ministers dialogue happened just seven days before the Presidential elections in US and three weeks after the four nation QUAD (US, ing the territorial integrity and sover- described this as Australia, Japan, India) meeting in Tokyo, eignty of all the states. A multipolar world must have a multi polar Asia, as it’s basis. a comprehensive, speaks volumes of its strategic significance. Since, there is a bipartisan support

Significantly, the 2+2 dialogue was resilient and multi in US administration for strengthening held during the 15th anniversary of the inaugural India-US defence framework agreement. Both Indian and American faceted Major Defence Partnership (MDP) strategic partnership with India and there are strong anti-China sentiments among all political class of US, India hopes that defence and foreign ministers described between India and whichever party forms the government, this as a comprehensive, resilient and multi faceted Major Defence Partnership United States India-US defence and security partnerships will continue to prosper. SP