Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio 2021. Volume 1. Kära-Backa (Part 1).

SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL URBANISM 2021 FINAL REPORT I VOL.1 I HISINGEN (PART 1)

Colophon Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Social Ecological Urbanism Studio 2021

Course coordinator: Ioanna Stavroulaki Examiners:

Design studio ARK 142 Meta Berghauser Pont Tutors: Studio participants (Backa-Kära groups): Cornelia Ahlstedt Lina EL-Rifai Linnéa Forsmark Maja Lindroth Najoud Nanaa Karl Sandman Sarah Schoberleitner Matilda Svensson Yige Qin Tove Wik Linda Wirth Chunlu Zhu

Lars Marcus Ioanna Stavroulaki Meta Berghauser Pont Guest lecturers: Martin Allik, Mareld Landscape architects Johan Colding, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Job van Eldijk, Chalmers/Rambol Alexander Gösta, Liljewall Åsa Gren, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Oskar Kindvall, Calluna Anna-Johanna Klasander, White Ann Legeby, KTH Lukas Memborn, Gothenburg municipality Eva Minoura, Sveriges Arkitekten Martin Nordahl, Okidoki Guest critics: Anna Olsson, Gothenburg municipality Anna-Johanna Klasander, Chalmers/White Julia Halldin, Mölndal municipality Evgeniya Bobkova, Chalmers

Contents Introduction

5

Group 1 Rebirth the city

6

General context & Vison Background research Masterplan Improve physical connections Re-strengthen mental connections Density of residential as connector

8 10 12 14 22 30

Key projects Flood district (Sarah Schoberleitner) Directing streets (Linnéa Forsmark) Not a local place (Linda Wirth) Bridging the gap (Karl Sandman)

118 132 145 160

Group 3 Shifting scales

182

General context Masterplan Spatial analysis / Proposal Gentrification Comparison Key projects

184 186 188 204 206 208

Key projects The green transition (Najoud Nanaa) Neighbourhood renaissance (Yige Qin) Link to green terraces (Chunlu Zhu) Group 2 Spongefication

General context Main Challenges Masterplan Flooding Scenario Green Structure Landuse Connections Key projects Reflection

36 48 66 82

Key projects 84 86 88 92 96 104 108 114 116

Arödsgatan (Tove Wik) Meeting at “ours” (Cornelia Ahlstedt) The green spine (Maja Lindroth) Norra Avenyn (Matilda Svensson)

210 226 244 266

Area 1. Backa-Kärra

Some focus areas Nature areas Water body Take a walk along t Interesting pedest Tuve

Bus 17,46 Kvillebacken

Skogome Hj.Br. Bus 52,44,47 Brunnsparken

Backatorp Backa Brunnsbo Bus 18,19,45

Bus 46

Some focus areas Nature areas Water body Walk along the bus route Interesting pedestrian link

4

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Kärra

INTRODUCTION

Current global urbanization processes put acute stress on urban and ecological systems. The challenge is not only how to accomplish this, but also to determine which qualities we want to see emerge, which puts unprecedented expectations on urban planning and design and brings knowledge demands that these practices are not always well prepared for.

This book presents the results of the Design Studio 2021 where students, in teams, developed five Masterplans for two areas in Gothenburg. Two areas are selected for the development of Masterplans. The first north of the river starting where the new bridge lands and links the city centre to Brunnsbo, Backa and Kärra. The second location is south of the river linking the city centre to Mölndal.

The challenge addressed this year was to transform these disconnected and less dense areas into more vital and connected places, where besides socio-economic performance, ecological performance is also in focus.

Social Ecological Urbanism Design Studio The main goal of the Design Studio is to strengthen students’ understanding of how urban form provides a framework and creates conditions for social and environmental processes. Theories and methods in analytical Urban Morphology, especially network analysis (Space Syntax) and density analysis (Spacematrix), are used to arrive at what can be called an evidence-based-design methodology.

The studio is organised around a sequence of workshops, laboratories in GIS, lectures, literature sem-

inars and a design studio. Workshops give room for experiments, lectures transfer knowledge and offer inspiration, laboratories in GIS gave the technical knowhow to conduct advanced spatial analysis, literature seminars deepened the understanding and critical reading of theories and methods, which is synthesised on the Masterplans and key-projects.

This year, the studio focused on both socio-economic and ecological sustainability. For this purpose, it is crucial to understand how urban form impacts people’s movement patterns and creates different arenas for people to meet, from local squares where it is more expected to meet your neighbours, to places with a strategic role in the city’s communication and where you can meet people from all neighbourhoods of Gothenburg. To be able to foresee movement flows and co-presence patterns is key to urban design and planning, as it is the driver for other economic activities, such as the development of local markets, but also for the development of social infrastructure, such as service from schools to public transport. To also address ecological processes, the green and blue infrastructure is discussed through the lens of urban ecosystem services, including both cultural services (e.g. recreational, therapeutic) as well as supporting and regulating services (e.g. pollination, biodiversity).

Masterplan (group work) During the first seven weeks of the studio, five Masterplans were developed for two areas located in what is defined as the intermediate city in Gothenburg’s Development Strategy (2014) with potentials for densification. The objective in Gothen-

burg’s Development Strategy is to add 45 000–55 000 new housing within the entire intermediate city, which asked for a proposal that allows for such densification and at the same time improves social-ecological sustainability. We challenged the students to especially take into account the ambitions in the Transport Strategy of Gothenburg (2014) to supplementing the current radial infrastructure with cross-connections in what we can call a network city. This also includes its linkage to the Mölndal and developments here. This will relieve the inner city of Gothenburg, strengthen the qualities of Mölndal, reduce the vulnerability of the system and contribute to greater equality between city districts as well as to increased possibilities for integration of the city’s parts into one whole.

Urban design project (individual key-project) During the second half of the studio, individual key-projects were developed. A specific objective for these projects is that they should, in a convincing way, demonstrate that they help realise the visions set out in the Masterplan. Furthermore, the iterative character of design is emphasized, where students test different design solutions, evaluate these using the analytical tools and adapt the design proposal for the plan to support the aimed for directions in the masterplan. Through the workshops and lectures, students are supported to arrive at a solution that supports the social, economic and environmental goals, though the careful design of streets, green and blue infrastructure, building types and public-private interfaces.

5

GROUP 1 REBIRTH THE CITY

General context & Vison Background research Masterplan Improve physical connections Re-strengthen mental connections Density of residential as connector Spatial analysis

Link to green terraces The green transition Neighbourhood Renaissance

Chunlu Zhu Lina EL-Rifai Najoud Nanaa Yige Qin

CONTEXT AND VISION

The designed area, marked on the map, is starting from Backa up to Kärra. The are is characterized by industrial buildings, heavy traffic and high-speeds, but also quiet green neighborhoods, and close proximity to the river. During the site visit we defined both challenges and potentials.

In spite of the location along the river, the area has a poor accessibility to the water. and through our site visit we have experienced undiversed urban life and inefficient public transportation.

Improve physical connections

8

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

There are three main vision for the future development of this area. The first one is to improve physical connections which includes the strategies of connected street strucutre and efficient public transportation. The second one is restrenghen mental connection which includes the strategies in relation to productive and recreational services. Lastly, the vision called density of residential as connector focuses on the neighborhoods and their connections. These will be explained in more detail in the upcoming pages.

Re-strengthen mental connections

Density of residential as connector

Rebirth The City

1

0

5 km

The map shows the proposed masterplan in relation to its surroundings. And our vision was to work with connections both global and local. Thicker brown arrows show the outer connection in form of highways.

Eriksberg

The thick red arrows show the highway E6 which in the proposal has been transformed into an urban main street. The thinner arrows show the inner connections through the site. and the dashed red arrows show the new added bridges.

Majorna

City Center

Hisings Backa Backa

Mölndal Kärra

Bagaregarden

Kungälv Gamlestaden Hjällbo Kortedala

Sävedalen

Surte Hammarkullen

Gårdstensberget

Highway Urban main street

New bridge

Context and vision

9

BACKGROUND RESEARCH |

We started off our design process with a background research. We have Looked into the history of the area. Which was mainly agricultural land during 1955-1967.

Nowadays the area is including an industrial area located on the eastern side of the highway while the residential area is located to the western side.

History

Another background research we did was looking into facts of the communities. We have noticed the high unemployment rate in the surrounding neighbourhood. Our intention was to propose solutions to this issue through our design

1955-1967

2014-2018

The pictures below are taken by us during our site visit. We have defined some potential, which you can see in the first two columns below, such as a nice greenery, charming view in the waterfront area, some existing community garden, start-up companies community and existing sport facilities. We have here as well a large market as destination for people.

10

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth The City

STRATEGIES | CONNECTIONS

To achieve the main idea “connections”, we formulated three strategies based on the experience of the site visit, background research, and the GIS analysis.

This means an increased focus on circularity, particularily in relation to the productive services in the area but also recreational and residential areas.

The first strategy is to improve physical connections. We want to connect the area to the city, connect both sides of the highway and both sides of the river.

Lastly, the third strategy was a density of residential as connecter, by adding more communities to connect the segregated communities.

The second strategy is Re-strengthen mental connections by creating a diverse urban life from working experience and daily activities to promote communications and interactions.

Improve physical connections

Connected street structure

Strategies

Efficient public transport

Re-strengthen mental connections

Productive services

Recreational services

Density of residential as connector

Residential connection

11

MASTERPLAN | Urban design proposal

Current situation Residential Residential-Mixed use

The masterplan aims to provide the framework for the development of the area between Kärra and Backa to rebirth this part of the city in order to connect and integrate the disconnected and isolated neighborhoods. This is achieved through serval levels: the improvement of transportation and road structure, the transformation of productive areas, the diversification of urban life and the residential densification.

These three strategies willIndustrial be discussed in more detail on the Public space area Social-green following pages.

Public buildings Recovery and protection Unmanaged green

Street network Urban main street Secondary street

Highway Railway

Massive urban farming

Proposal Social-green Recovery and protection Unmanaged green

Residential Public space Public buildings

Residential-Mixed use School

Social-green Commercial

Massive urban farming

-Mixed use

Recovery and protection Offices

Public buildings Massive urban farming

Unmanaged green

School

Massive urban farming

Commercial

en

Public space

and protection

Public buildings

ed green

School

rban farming

Land use Public space Public buildings School Commercial Offices Green parks Parking area

Schoolarea Industrial Commercial

Urban farming

Industrial area

Offices

Massive urban farming

Preserved area

Offices Industrial area

Floor Numbers

GSI 10%-30% 30%-40%

Commercial

40%-60%

Offices

pace

New bridge

The pie chart shows the comparison of land use, we achieved to have diversity of functions and urban life, the balance Public space Industrial area Social-green Industrial area between living, recreational services, industry with working place, are better than current situation.

Public buildings Recovery and protection Public space green Unmanaged

New tram stops

New tram line

School

The strategies Commercial seek to cater to the increasing population in Gothenburg, Offices meet the needs of diverse urban life with various recreational services and provide a new pattern of urban fabric that also include the productive aspects of city, which takes the localized food production and urban farming into consideration.

New bus stops

Bus line

60%-70%

Industrial area

A

1F-2F

B

2F-3F

C

3F-4F

D

4F-5F

E

5F-6F

uildings

rcial

12

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth The City

0

1

5 km

A A C A

D

C

D C

D

E E

B

E

D

B

D

B C

B

C

E C

D C A

A

C C

C C

B B

B A

A

Structural plan

13

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS | Change of highway

Change of highway The highway in the area is a part of highway E6, which is the main barrier for the communities and industrial area. From the site visiting experience, the first and deepest impression is the busy traffic of the highway, such as the noise from high speed vehicles, no crossing in a long distance, which became the greatest challenge for the designed area to solve.

There is another highway E45 located close to the eastern riverbank, that has great height difference. The natural terrain cause very few facilities and activities around the highway.

Therefore, E45 caused less impact on the living environment, which could be a great conddition to take advantage of in the design proposal.

Since we want to add more pedestrian crossings to access the existing industrial area, even the eastern riverbank, part of the highway in the design area needs to change. As the area is urbanized and developed, it is reasonable to lower the speed of the main street.

As planned, from north of Kärra, the traffic of vehicles that are just passing by Gothenburg is split into E45, in order to maintain their needs of high speed, such as the heavy trucks for long distance delivery. While the vehicles whose destination is Gothenburg can drive through our designed area and enter the city centre.

Highway Changed highway Urban street Adding urban street

Designed area

Vehicles enter in Gothenburg Vehicles just passing

by Gothenburg

14

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth the city

0

1

5 km

E45

E6

30km/h

E6 E45 80km/h

Change of highway

15

nt

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS | Process of adding bridges

Comparison | Network betweenness (5k) (Non-motorized) Since there is no crossing in the designed area for a long distance, at first we tried to add 3 large bridges that directly link the communities, but from the analysis we can see the north one doesn’t work, they still walk through the existing road, while the large height difference will also cost a current lot. Therefore, we chose to link the end of bridge to existing roads.

NB_5k

current NB_15k 0 - 91855856

0 - 2359108

91855856 - 366284288

2359108 - 10010354

366284288 - 888326016

10010354 - 24789542

888326016 - 1705578624

24789542 - 67024848

water 2021 update current

water 2021 update current NB_5k 0 - 2359108

Current situation

2359108 - 10010354 Comparison | Attraction Distance (500m) current (street to public activities) 10010354 - 24789542

4t ad CURRENT AB 67024848 Focusing more on the24789542 local scale, -these 8- 100 analysis show the distance from 0 - 0.016 a given water 2021bridge update 00 - 300 street to public activities. The south update 0.016 - 0.073 is black, which means it doesn’t work as 00 - 500 0.073 - 0.273 social street, so we deleted it.

500m

0.273 - 1

Finally, we decide to add two bridges, ater 2021 update current the north one works as social street2021 for water update current pedestrians, while the middle one works current ad more for the car driving.

CURRENT AB

16

a�er

366284288 - 888326016 AI_w1k 888326016 - 1705578624 1 - 37 water 2021 update 37 - 118 118 - 214 214 - 331 331 - 718 a�er water 2021 update AI_w1k

0 - 0.016

100 - 300

0.016 - 0.073

300 - 500

0.073 - 0.273

> 500m

0.273a�er -1

water 2021 update AD 500 Green Areas 0 - 100

water 2021 update AB 3000 Areas Proposal with 3Green short bridges 0 - 0.037

100 - 300 300 - 500

Proposal with 3 large bridges

91855856 - 366284288

0 - 100

a�er

e

NB_15k 0 - 91855856

1 - 37 37 - 118 118 - 214 214 - 331 331 - 718 water 2021 update

0.037 - 0.16 Social Ecological Urbanism 2021 0.16 - 0.491

Proposal with 2 bridges

Rebirth the city

0

1

5 km

Street structure The highway in the design-area is trasformed into a transit corridor where vehicles drive at the speed of 30 km/h. The six lanes are kept in order to take care of the traffic, but with the design of some distance to pedestrians road and the addition of midplatforms for public transportation stops.

There are also secondary streets for the bus and transportation of products and produce. These roads allow the speed of 20 km/h. Additionally, there are living streets that allow low speeds for vehicles in residential areas and are mixed-use.

To connect the neighborhoods, two bridges are added with a more direct route to the eastern riverbank. The middle one is for both cars and pedestrains, while the other is pedestrian only.

Street network

Urban main street Secondary street Living street Crossing Main crossing Highway Railway Pedestrain bridge

GSI 10%-30% 30%-40% 40%-60% 60%-70%

Hierarchy of street

17

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS | Sections for streets

Walking-friendly streets The sections for the different hierarchy of streets, show the different partitions and widths. These sections also indicate the changes of first priority from cars to pedestrians, in order to create a walking-friendly environment for the public and a qualitative living surroundings for the residents.

The secondary streets are planned based on the existing main streets of the industrial area and communities. We add more bus stops to lead them form a circular routes, in order to create a more efficient public transport in the designed area.

In addition, the living streets take the pedestrians as the first priority, where the locals and non-locals could have more opportunities to have communication and interactions.

The urban main street remains the longest width, which ensures the busy traffic with 6 lanes for vehicles. We also add a tram line to have better connection to the pulic transport. With long distance between pedestrian road to driving road, people could have a safe and comfortable walking experience.

3

2 2,5 3,5 3,5

4

4

4

3,5 3,5 2,5 2 3

3 2 2,5 3,5 3,5 2,5 2 3

1,8 3

5

3 1,8

Street network Urban main street Secondary street Living street Crossing Main crossing Highway

18

Railway

Urban main street

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Secondary street

Living street

Rebirth the city

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS | Spatial analysis Comparison | Network Betweenness (5k) (Motorized) The betweenness analysis in 5k shows that the current connection between both riverbanks is relatively poor.

Current situation

current

current

AI_1k 1 - 36

AI_5k 1 - 234

This comparison shows that the connecting achievement of the middle bridge in a local scale, which works as a central road to the eastern riverbank in our designed area.

current current

cunrrent motorized NB 5K NB_5k 256940 00--2359108

36 - 118

234 - 725

118 - 214

725 - 1312

214 - 331

1312 - 2004

331 - 718

2004 - 3498

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

Proposal

256940 --973550 2359108 10010354 973550 - 2411988 10010354 - 24789542 2411988 --8244916 24789542 67024848 water 2021 update water 2021 update Comparison | Network betweenness (5k) (Non-motorized)

current

current

current

current AD to green 0 - 100

AB_3K 0 - 0.037

current ad that the pedestrians are certainly lack ofAB the CURRENT 0 - 100 continuous and crossing routes.0 - 0.016

100 - 300

0.037 - 0.157

100 - 300 This comparison shows that the connecting 0.016 - 0.073

300 - 500

0.157 - 0.444

> 500m

0.444 - 1

300 - 500 0.073roads - 0.273 scale, which work as direct crossing link for > 500mbetween the riverbanks and strong 0.273 - 1

current water 2021 update AI_1k 1 - 36

Spatial analysis

current water 2021 update

234 - 725

118 - 214

725 - 1312

Proposal AI-w5k 331 - 718 1 - 240 water 2021 update 240 - 743

743 - 1332

achievement of both bridge in a local

1312 - 2004

a�er 2004 - 3498 A�rac�on distance to markets water 2021 update 0 - 100 100 - 300

communities and residents.

water 2021 update

AI_5k 1 - 234

36 - 118

a�er214 - 331 Current situation

current The betweenness analysis in a 5k shows

current

water 2021 upd

NB_5k 0 - 2359108 2359108 - 10010354 10010354 - 24789542 24789542 - 67024848 a�er water 2021 update AD 500 Green Areas 0 - 100 100 - 300

19

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS | Efficient public transport 0

1

5 km

In the designed area we recognized that there was a lack of connecting infrastructure between this area and the neighbourhoods, but also the area in-between seems to suffer from accessibility problems to public transportations, that leads to increase car dependency and social segregation within the area. This proposal creates a bus- and tramline alongStreet the urban networkmain street. So, we added a new bus and trams stops in the main ; 0 v v|orv urban street and on the secondary street.

Switched from the linear public transport to ; 0 v v|orv a circular one along the whole designed area bvঞm] v v|orv

; |u-l v|orv Street network v 1bu1Ѵ; Ѵbm; ; 0 v v|orv

Existing bus stops ; |u-l Ѵbm;

New bus stops ;7;v|u-bm 0ub7]; Existing tram stops ; |u-l v|orv New tram stops v 1bu1Ѵ; Ѵbm; Bus circle line New tram line ; |u-l Ѵbm; Pedestrain bridge ;7;v|u-bm 0ub7];

; 0 v v|orv

bvঞm] v v|orv

GSI GSI 10%-30% GSI

30%-40% 10%-30%

40%-60%

30%-40%

60%-70% 40%-60% 60%-70%

20

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth The City

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS | Spatial analysis Attraction Betweenness (3k) Street to public transport stops With this analysis you can see that we achieve the goals of making this urban main street as a central spine for the designed area. And as you see in the analysis to the right our intention was to connect the inbetween segregated area, which we think it work well with our proposal.

The current sitaution

Proposal

a�er

current

AB2-3k 0 - 0.042

Motorized_NB_15K 0 - 10185600

0.042 - 0.158

10185600 - 38475532

0.158 - 0.392

38475532 - 86715072

0.392 - 1

86715072 - 23289452

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

Attraction Distance (500m) Street to public transport stops With the new added trams and bus stops the situation shifts from inefficient motorized network with a high attraction distance to public transportation and a reliance on cars in the area, into a more efficient public transportation as you see to the right a�er New trams-bus stops AD3 to trams-bus stops 0 - 100 100 - 300 300 - 500

a�er>500m New stops watertrams-bus 2021 update

The current sitaution

Proposal

AD3 to trams-bus stops 0 - 100 100 - 300

Spatial analysis

300 - 500 >500m water 2021 update

21

RE-STRENGHTEN MENTAL CONNECTIONS | Productive services

The area in the current situation is a big scale, industrial and monofunctional area. Most services are similar to each other.

As you can see in the pictures, the area is filled with big industrial buildings, asphalted areas and is highly car dependent. One major benefit to this is the jobs that these industrial services provide.

The aim with the masterplan is to diversify the productive services and move them from the more industrial nature to a food producing operation. We can utilize the big scale for both indoor and outdoor agriculture. The existing warehouses can be used for storage. Similarly, the preserved logistics can be used for transportation both locally and globally in Gothenburg city. This creates an economic loop, where the urban farming can be locally processed and stored, shipped through local

22

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

transportation companies, and provide food and services to the residents. The waste from these services, like restaurants, can then be re-implemented as compost for the local farming.

As you can see, many of the functions have changed to something outside the scope of productive services. The new productive services consist of indoor and outdoor urban farming, warehouses and industrial areas related to food processing. One important thing to note is that parts of the original area is preserved to keep the diversity as well as keep allowing start-up companies to operate. Another thing that is preserved is the logistics that is used for transportation of the new urban agriculture.

Rebirth The City

0

1

5 km

Street network Urban main street pedestrian bridge

Land use Warehouse Industrial area Preserved area u;v;u ;7 Ѵo]bvঞ1v u;v;u ;7 v|-u|Ŋ r 1olr-mb;v |_;u = m1ঞom

Massive indoor farming Massive urban farming

GSI 10%-30% 30%-40% 40%-60% 60%-70%

Productive services | Masterplan

23

PRODUCTIVE SERVICES | Zoom-in

The aim with the masterplan is to diversify the productive services and move them from the more industrial nature to a food producing operation. We can utilize the big scale for both indoor and outdoor agriculture. The existing warehouses can be used for storage. Similarly, the preserved logistics can be used for transportation both locally and globally in Gothenburg city. This creates an economic loop, where the urban farming can be locally processed and stored, shipped through local transportation companies, and provide food and services to the residents. The waste from these services, like restaurants can then be re-implemented as compost for the local farming.

outdoor agriculture utilize wetland adapted crops and is also part of the strategy to take care of the flooding risk. The indoor agriculture creates a buffer zone that isolates the noise from transportation. The urban farming supplies the residents as well as the restaurants and shops with fresh food. The close proximity of everything cuts down on carbon emissions due to transportation. Lastly, the food waste is re-used as compost in the urban farming.

This is a more in-depth map of how the economic loop could potentially work. The existing logistic companies store and transport the food to different places in Gothenburg.. The

WAREHOUSE STORAGE PRESERVED LOGISTICS TRANSPORTATION

PROCESSING AND FOOD PRODUCTION

URBAN GREEN COMMON

URBAN

RESIDENTIAL

RESTAURANT COMMERICAL

OUTDOOR AND INDOOR AGRICULTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT

24

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth The City

Street network Urban main street pedestrian bridge

Land use Warehouse Industrial area Preserved area u;v;u ;7 Ѵo]bvঞ1v u;v;u ;7 v|-u|Ŋ r 1olr-mb;v |_;u = m1ঞom

Massive indoor farming Massive urban farming

GSI 10%-30% 30%-40% 40%-60% 60%-70%

Zoom-in of productive services

25

RE-STRENGTHEN MENTAL CONNECTIONS |

Diverse urban life This part of the strategy consists of increasing and diversifying the recreational services with a focus on gardening. There is a scale of private to public where the private services consist of allotment gardens where each household has their own plot. The semi-public spaces consist of urban green commons shared by a community. The public services consist of greenhouses with cafés and workshops where a lot of different people can meet.

erbanks to have a diverse and nature-friendly urban life, more opportunities to meet, while communicating and interacting with each other, in order to make all neighborhoods more social inclusive.

Based on the current problems, situation and spatial analysis, we distribute different recreational functions. The green hiking routes connect different kind of attractions in the area, also to the eastern riverbank. We want the residents from both riv-

There are flooding risks and landslide risk in the industrial area, the map showing the flood flow with 1030 m^3/s indicates that some industries along the river will be exposed to the water. So, we decide to recover the most affected area into wetland with wetland-adapted vegetations.

26

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth The City

0

1

5 km

Urban main street Green Hiking route

Public network Public space Public buildings School Commercial Preserved commercial Offices

Green network Allotment gardens Urban green commons Green parks Recovery and protection Green house Outdoor-Agriculture land Attractive destinations (green)

Attractive destinations (social)

Recreational services | Masterplan

27

ZOOM-IN | Recreational service 1

2

From the 5K angular integration analysis we know that the zoom-in nr.1 has a relatively high centrality, also because it’s the geographic center in our area, which acts as a meeting hub for local and non-local Gothenburgers. Here we have public buildings with cultural and recreational functions, such as library, cinema, galleries. Public green parks provide good accessibility to water. |Indoor farming area with shops, provide fresh food to the neighborhood and the public. Shops, restaurants, cafes with outdoor sitting areas on the first floor of the residential areas, create a vivid and dynamic atmosphere.

In the zoom in nr.2 we can see a green spine with different functions such as community gardens, green commons, and recreational green areas. The quarry is transformed into a large park with sport facilities. There are greenhouses with workshops and cafés, for knowledge exchange and educational propose. Farmers markets on the public square, where food from gardens can be exchanged and sold. There are some preserved commercial facilities along the social street used by the public and residents for communication and interaction.

These green areas provide a number of functions to the public as well as nature like pollination, habitats, organic produce and education opportunities.

Zoom-in nr.1 for social-public recreational services

Zoom-in nr.2 for social-ecological recreational services

Diverse urban life

Masterplan | Recreational services

Urban main street Green Hiking route

Public network

Urban main street Street network Public space Green Hiking route

Angular integration | 5K Urban main street Public buildings

Public network pedestrian bridge School

Land use

Public space Commercial Public buildings Preserved commercial Warehouse School

Offices area Industrial Commercial Preserved area

Green network

u;v;u ;7 Ѵo]bvঞ1v Preserved commercial

Offices u;v;u ;7 v|-u|Ŋ r 1olr-mb;v Allotment gardens |_;u = m1ঞom Urban green commons

Green network

Green parks

Massive indoor farming

Allotment gardens Recovery and protection Massive urban farming Urban house green commons Green

GSI

Green parks Outdoor-Agriculture land Recovery and protection 10%-30% Attractive destinations (green)

30%-40% Green house

40%-60% Outdoor-Agriculture land

Attractive destinations (social)

60%-70%

Attractive destinations (green)

28

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021 Attractive destinations (social)

Rebirth The City

1 - 36

1 - 234

36 - 118

234 - 725

118 - 214

725 - 1312

214 - 331

1312 - 2004

331 - 718

2004 - 3498

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

0 - 91855856

0 - 2359108

91855856 - 366284288

2359108 - 10010354

366284288 - 888326016

10010354 - 24789542

888326016 - 1705578624

24789542 - 67024848

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

SPATIAL ANALYSIS COMPARISON | Green spaces current

current

current

current

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AB_3K 0 - 0.037

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water 2021 update

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

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1332 - 2015 2015 - 3492 Attraction betweenness 3k (before)

water 2021 update

1312 - 2004 AD 500 Green Areas 2004 - 3498 0 - 100 water 2021 update 100 - 300

300 - 500 > 500M

37 - 118 0.016 - 0.073 Comparison of attracion betweenness 3k - 214 and after of These maps show 118 the before 0.073 - 0.273 the 3k attraction betweenness 214 - 331 of the green 0.273 - 1 spaces. As you can see it has increased in the 331 - 718 area as well as across the new bridges which water 2021 update water 2021habitats updatecurrent is a good sign both for potential and

a�er

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current

current

current AD to green 0 - 100

AB_3K 0 - 0.037

Attraction betweenness water 2021 update 3k (after)

AI_w1k 1 - 37

pollination, but also for pedestrians trying current

36 - 118

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to reach green recreational spaces inNB_15k the NB_5karea and across the river. When jogging or 0 - 91 0walking - 2359108 you dog you would have access to a 9185 lot more green spaces.

2359108 - 10010354 3662 a�er - 24789542 10010354 8883 24789542 67024848 AB 3000- Green Areas water 0 - 0.037 water 2021 update

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water 2021 update

water 2021 update

0.016distance - 0.073500m Comparison of attracion In this comparison 0.073 of the 500m attraction - 0.273 distance, you can see that the accessibility > 500m 0.273 - 1significantly in to green areas has increased water 2021 update our focus area which is good for update social and water 2021 ecological interactions.

a�er AI-w5k 1 - 240 240 - 743

Attraction distance 500m (before)

Recreational services | Spatial analysis

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water 2021 update

water 2021 update

water

29

DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL AS CONNECTOR | Masterplan

We propose to plan residential area in the gap to connect the isolated community to make it a continuous neighborhood.

According to the angular integration of 5k analysis and refer to the block typology, we determined the GSI. Commercial area along the main street can have closed block with high density with GSI of 40-60 precent. Residential-commercial area along the main street with GSI of around 30 precent, can have closed facade facing the main street to prevent the noise from traffic, open block near secondary street and living street to improve social integration and communication. Residential area away from the main street with low GSI can have a more open form with more green space.

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

The stories of the building were determined with the terrain differences, because we want the buildings away from the water to have a visual connection towards river. Some flat roofs can also be designed as green roofs to provide a good view.

Rebirth The City

0

1

5 km

In the area with relative high centrality, we have high density neighborhood with high GSI, in the area with low centrality we can plan some residential area with open forms, with low GSI. The new design area includes up to 25,000 new dwellings with the capacity of 48,000 new inhabitants.

GFA: New residential area: 1006012.2-2425694 m^2 New dwellings: 10060-24257 New residents: 20120-48514

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Floor Numbers 1F-2F 2F-3F 3F-4F 4F-5F

Density of residential as connector | Masterplan

31

Density of residential as connector | Spatial analysis

Comparsion | Angular integration 1K

current

In the comparison we can see that in the new NB_15k the integration has been improved 0 proposal, - 91855856 along the main street. There is potential to 91855856 - 366284288 develop some social recreational services 366284288 - 888326016 such as commercial and public services to provide -a1705578624 more attractive urban life, 888326016 both for the local and non-local people in current current water 2021 update Gothenburg.

In the area with relatively lowAI_1k centrality, there is potential to develop AI_5k neighborhoods 1 - 36 with quiet environment, and 1 - 234 green recreational services such as green 36 - 118 234 - 725 parks and urban green commons. a�er118 - 214 725 - 1312 AI_w1k 214 - 331 1312 - 2004 1 - 37 331 - 718 2004 - 3498

te

37 - 118 water 2021 update 118 - 214

NB_15k 0 - 91855856

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water 2021 update

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

Angular integration 1K | The current situation

214 - 331 331 - 718 current

current

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water 2021 update current AD to green AB_3K Comparsion | Angular integration 5K 0 - 0.037 0 - 100

Angular integration 1K | The proposal

current

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current ad 0 - 100

CURRENT AB 0 - 0.016

- 300 integration analysis0.037 From the100 5k angular of - 0.157 the current 300situation, - 500 we can see that Kärra 0.157 - 0.444 has low >centrality, 500m it is disconnected from 0.444 - 1 a�er the Backa and Backaplan area, isolated by water 2021 update water 2021 update the industrial area in between. In the new AB 3000 Green Areas proposal, a better integration is achieved in 0 the - 0.037 design area. We use angular integration of 5k-as evidence to locate different types 0.037 0.16 and-density 0.16 0.491 of residential buildings.

a�er AI_w1k 1 - 37 37 - 118

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water 2021 update

water 2021 update

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a�er 0.491 -1 water 2021 update AI-w5k 1 - 240 240 - 743

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A�rac�on distance to markets 0 - 100

AD 500 Green Areas 0 - 100

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> 500M > 500M Angular integration 5K | The current situation

0.491 -Angular 1 integration 5K | The proposal

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

water 2021 update

Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

water 2021 update

Rebirth The City

0

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GFA: New residential area: 1006012.2-2425694 m^2 New commercial: 303703.2-62964.2 m^2 New public: 103759.8-194258.4 m^2 New office: 75661-135189.8 m^2

Street network Urban main street pedestrian bridge

FSI FSI<0.9 Storey: 1F-2F FSI: 0.9-1.6 Storey: 3F-4F FSI: 1.2-2.4 Storey: 4F-5F FSI: 2-3.6 Storey: 6F-7F Preserved area FSI<0.9 storey:1F-2F

Density of residential as connector | Masterplan

33

KEY PROJECTS

“The green transition” From an industrial area to a lively residential green area

“Neighbourhood Renaissance” The project aims to create a functional, self-supportive and vibrant neighbourhood with productive aspect which will promote local circular economy and diverse social life.

“Link to green terraces” Working with connection between two riverbanks with socialecological services, where have certain flooding risk.

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

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THE GREEN TRANSITION NAJOUD NANAA From an industrial area to a lively residential green area

GENERAL CONTEXT Problem description

The area in the current situation is a big scale, industrial and monofunctional area. I have defined the transformed area in the key project into two categories: the industrial area and the hill which is a quarry. Or one could say in other words a built area and non-built area.

promote communications and interactions. My focus was on the recreational services and the residential structure.

A series of decisions and rules have been made during my work on the key project, to confront or lessen the challenges that we defined during our group working, such as undiversified urban life, monofunctional area, almost no recreational activities, lack of connecting infrastructure.

Re-strengthen mental connections

During my work I focused on “Re-strengthen mental connections” strategies by creating a diverse urban life to

Recreational services

Non-built area

Built area

The Green Transition

37

As you can see in the pictures taken from the key project area, most services are related closely to one another. The area is filled with big industrial buildings, asphalted areas and is highly car dependent.

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Rebirth The City

GREEN TYPOLOGIES

This part of the strategy consists of diversifying the recreational services based on the level of control and level of capacity.

In addition, these recreational services in form of green typologies have been sorted into two categories based on their function.

Green functions

The recovered green area

Rooftops Balconies Courtyards Allotment garden Pedagogical Greenhouse

Recreational

Productive Greenhouse

Productive

Green typologies

Added green element to Housing: Balconies & Rooftop

Private good

The Green Transition

Courtyards Productive Greenhouse

Club good

Allotment garden Pedagogical Greenhouse

Common good

The recovered green area

Public good

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A series of decisions and rules have been made during my work on the key project, to confront or lessen the challenges that I mentioned earlier.

A housing structure and mixed-use structure been designed.

The housing structure have a more closed form near to the main street. and a more open form The closer you are to the hill “ recovered green area“

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Housing Mixed use Greenhouse Flower meadow Open green park Allotment garden Public space/open market space Main street (transit corridor) Secondary street Pedestrian & bike lane Bus stop Tram stop

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

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Structural plan

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HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

A series of rules for the new densification were designed to confront or lessen the challenges that I mentioned earlier. The housing structures have a more closed form near to the main street. This housing typologies in such this location generate two levels of territorial use, which is public and private. While a more open form the closer one is to the hill “recovered green area“

informal side with balconies while the formal side of the buildings with entrances or “front side” is facing the street or in a clear and easy access to the point of view of the street.

The open part of the courtyard fenced with bushes. space is articulated contribute to legibility, which will make it obvious to the people in these context how the spaces produced are to be used (Minoura, 2015).

Residential-commercial area were designed along the main street or the area with relative high centrality have closed block, with a courtyard not exposed to the gaze of non-residents.

Controllable places, such as smaller and more enclosed yards, appear to evoke a larger sense of ownership than huge open spaces, which are therefore utilized more frequently (Minoura, 2015).

Residential area away from the main street with low GSI can have a more open form with more green space.

All housing buildings in the key project area have a green element in form of a green rooftops or green balconies.

The section shows the relation between the courtyard and street to building´s height.

An appropriate match of front and rear, as where the semiopen housing structure embrace courtyards with their

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Housing Mixed use Greenhouse Flower meadow Open green park Allotment garden Public space/open market space Main street (transit corridor) Secondary street Pedestrian & bike lane Bus stop Tram stop

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The main function of the greenhouse is food production. The structure of the twostory contains a greenhouse with a green farm at the top. A fish farming, storage and store for the crops at the bottom floor. The Greenhouses are located centrally in the key project area and it embraced the market space on the public square, where food from gardens can be exchanged and sold.

View over the productive Greenhouse

View over the public square

View over the open market space on the public square

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

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The Greenhouse typologies will help with the transformation from a monofunctional and large-scale industry to multifunctional and local-supportive small industries. As well as the transformation from an uncooperative society to a cooperative society.

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1.Pedagogical Greenhouse: is located more centrally. It is accessible not just for residents in the key project area, but also residents from the whole designed area. It is where the growing food course and fish farm course is hold. The pedagogical Greenhouse contains supplies its own café with fresh food.

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My vision is that these Greenhouse are organized by organization from the local community. These Greenhouses supplies the residents as well as the restaurants and shops with fresh food.

Allotment garden

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THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE HILL “THE RECOVERED AREA”

The hill is a quarry which will be transformed into a large park with sport facilities.

The transformation will take place into two phases. The first phase consists of bringing the pollinators and creating a good environment for them. This will take place on the edges, which is the hard area to grow food on it since it is steep. The second phase is to make use of the rest of recovered area and transform it into a large green area with different recreational services such as sports facilities, walk and jogging paths, hiking trails. In addition, a part of the northern recovered area, well sun conditioned, is specified to the allotment garden To take care of the water, due to the height difference on the hill, having a pond is a good idea to handle the running water and it is Great for leisure activities

Other activity

Football field

Cultivation opportunities are better in the northern half because it will be mostly sun and heat there.

In the south it can be more shady especially in the spring

The areas that is hard to grow food on it, In this case the edges which is mostly steep, could be transformed to flower meadow for pollinators

Walk & jogging paths

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

To take care of water: Having a pond (beautiful, good for frogs).

Great for leisure activities!

The recovered area

Rebirth The City

View over the public square

The Green Transition

47

NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE YIGE QIN My project aims to create a functional, selfsupportive and vibrant neighbourhood with productive aspect which will promote local circular economy and diverse social life.

Problem description

Problems and challenges: The industrial area from Backa to Kärra is now a grey monofunction area with industry, companies and big sclale retails. People are coming to this area only for work, restuarants are only open for lunch, after 17 o’clock and on the weekend is the area a “ghost area”. There are sereral neighbourhood surround this indusrial area which have relative high unemplyment rate.

eas have high unemployment rate. Historial background: looking at the historical background of this area, here was mainly agricultural land during the 1950s and 1960s.

The social life here is lacking because of the monofunction character. The river is not accessiable, there are also flooding risk and land silde risk. There are already some small business and start-up companies’s community, which have a good potential to develop.

In my proposal, I choose to focus on productive perspective and divers social life. The key project aims to create a functional, self-supportive and vibrant neighbourhood with productive aspect which will promote local circular economy, create more job opportunities, and diverse social life.

The masterplan’s aim is to redesign this area and connect here to the exsiting neighbourhood and Gothenburg city, both phisically and mentally.

The background research about facts of the communities shows that in the surrounding neighbourhood of our design ar-

Neighbourhood Renaissance

49

NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Context

The masterplan aims to provide the framework for developing the area between Kärra and Backa to rebirth this part of the city to connect and integrate the disconnected and isolated neighborhoods. This is achieved through serval levels: the improvement of transportation and road structure, the transformation of the productive area, the diversification of urban life and the residential densification. These seek to cater to the increasing population in Gothenburg, meet the needs of diverse urban life with various recreational services, and provide a new pattern of urban fabric that includes the productive aspect of city, which takes the localized food production and urban farming into consideration.

My key project will work with the local circular economic loop, translate the local circular economy diagram into spatial planning, and design an urban area that supports the circular economy. The focus will be productive services and diverse urban life.

Visions from masterplan

WAREHOUSE STORAGE PRESERVED LOGISTICS TRANSPORTATION

PROCESSING AND FOOD PRODUCTION

URBAN GREEN COMMON

RESIDENTIAL

URBAN

RESTAURANT COMMERICAL

OUTDOOR AND INDOOR AGRICULTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT

Local circular economy

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

Productive services

Diverse urban life

Rebirth the city

Visions and Strategies

Community Community center center Coworking Coworking

Produce Produce Logistic Logistic

Divers Divers LivingLiving condition condition

Kindergarten Kindergarten

Growth Growth

Self-supported Self-supported Neighbourhood Neighbourhood

Outdoor Outdoor activities activities

Consume Consume

Vibrant Vibrant Neighbourhood Neighbourhood

Divers Divers residential residential form form

JobsJobs Waste Waste management management

Health Health livingliving center center

Convenient Convenient urbanurban facilities facilities

Strategies

Sell Prooduce

Growth Prooduce

Street hierarchy

Neighbourhood Renaissance

Local circular economy for a selfsupport neighbourhood

The second vision is the vibrant neighborhood. Different building types allow different living conditions, housing for single, small family, big family, and different needs, for instance, social housing, elderly housing, housing with workshop and atelier. In addition, various urban facilities are located on the ground floor, for instance, local healthy living center, kindergarten, community center, which with different outdoor activities to create a functional neighborhood and increase social connection and interaction.

There are four strategies to support the visions, starting with the street hierarchy, the spatial distribution and connection of functions, integrating urban facilities and activities into the neighborhood, and finally, the connected neighborhood for social-ecological connection.

Consume

Delivery

There are two visions for the key project, the first one is the self-supported neighborhood to promote local circular economy.

The mixed typology of buildings and various spaces allows for different production kinds.

From food growth to products processing, selling and consuming, local and global distribution, and recycling, reuse, and recreate. Looping the local circular economy can also provide more job opportunities in this area. In addition, linking the productive perspective back into the neighborhood makes transportation more efficient which can reduce co2 emissions and promote trades in short distances.

Different activities and urban facilities for a functional neighbourhood

Connected neighbourhood for social interactiojn

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Urban design proposal

My proposal aims to create a functional, self-supportive and vibrant neighbourhood with productive aspect that will promote local circular economy and diverse social life. The project will work with local circular economic loop, translate the local circular economy diagram into spatial planning and design. My main focus will be productive services and diverse urban life.

The key project was influenced by the article “The grid as generator” from Leslie Martin. “Net or grid affects the possible building arrangements on the land within it, is fundamental to any reconsideration of the structure of existing towns. The pattern of the grid of roads in a town or region is a kind of playboard that sets out the rules of the game. The rules outline the kind of game; but the players should have the opportunity to use to the full their individual skills whilst playing it”.

network. Then, based on the spatial analysis, according to the centality, define different types of streets. The second step is to determine the land use and find suitable building typologies to support the land use and then locate them into the street network. The next step is to define the urban rules and create different degrees of privateness and publicness to make the urban block alive.

After finish the planning and design process, we get a urban machine that can generate and support local circular economy and diverse urban life.

At the end of the key project, I will explain how the proposal would support visions and how the urban machine functions by 3 flows: productive-economical flow, social-community flow, and ecological flow.

The design logic is as follows: at first is to determine the street

Legend Design proposal Preserved buildings

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Social Ecological Urbanism 2021

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Streets hierarchy 0

Using Angular integration analysis of 1K as evidence to determine the street hierarchy.

The street with high centrality, which means the busiest street, will be commercial streets and neighborhood high street, with high pedestrian volumes where urban public facilities, shops and restaurants can be located.

Streets with relatively low centrality means fewer people will visit streets are quiet streets, which will be suitable for residential streets with shared space for walking, biking, and low-speed vehicles.

The urban main street with busy traffic and public transportation connects this area to the city. In addition, a mixed-use connector street is going through the city, situated outside the neighborhood, providing direct travel routes for people and goods, connecting several neighborhoods and different land-use.

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AI 1K NMS

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Legend Urban Main street Commercial street Neighbourhood high street Residential street Mixed-use connector Green street Logistic street

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Mixed-use connector

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Distribution of flows 0

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Legend Urban Main street Commercial street Neighbourhood high street Residential street Residential shared street Alley Mixed-use connector Green street Logistic street Public Transportation

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Land divisions 200m

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Here we have four major land-use parts with different characters: The residential functions together with commercial and urban activities.

The large scale retail and offices.

The preserved industrial area for start-ups, small businesses, food production, and logistic. The open green space for urban farming and recreational services.

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Legend Commercial Residential Urban facility Community Small business_productive Offices Indoor farming Logistic CHP, heat and power

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Building typology

Residential buildings with firstfloor commercial, or specific urban facilities, like kindergarten, healthy living center, community center with coworking space, elderly care with appartment

The street network will start to function with the support of the building structure. The next step is looking for building typology related to street types and supporting different land use. For instance, residential with first-floor commercial and urban facilities.

Small scale housing with workshops or ateliers. Larger scale for indoor farming, markets, commercial retail, and offices.

Small scale housing with workshops or ateliers.

Larger scale for indoor farming, markets, commercial retail, and offices.

Legend Urban facilities Commercial Communities Productive space Offices Green space

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Axonometry

According to the street hierarchy, different types of building forms can be distributed on different streets.

Near busy commercial streets and neighborhood-high-street can have closed building forms to create a sense of urbanity. Near quiet residential streets can have open structures, such as L-form enclosures or row houses to have more porosity.

Legend Urban Main street Commercial street Neighbourhood high street Residential street Mixed-use connector Green street Logistic street

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The number of GSI and FSI indicate that this area has a relative high IV IV density. Using the urban rules and different ways to enclose the IV courtyard, we can create different degrees of privateness and IV publicness within our urban blocks.

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Building density: FSI: 2 GSI: 0.38 OSR: 0.31 New drewings: around 3152 VI New residents: around 6304

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Children playground IV Public sapce commercial Courtyard club good Healing gardens Community gardens Public alley

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Urban rules

For the public good, a public alley inside the courtyard guides the movement through each block to increase the connection between blocks.

For the club good, use height difference, low fence, and small communal buildings as dividers to create a sense of ownership.

For the common good, the active ground floor facing neighborhood high street will have urban facilities and commercial functions. The common gardens attached to urban facilities in the courtyard provide different activities for residents. They will be managed and maintained by urban facilities.

Public good -Path inside the courtyard to guide the movement

Club good -Height different -Communal buildings as dividers -Use fence or bushes to enclose the yards

For the private good, use trees and bushes to enclose private backyards and prevent direct sight connection through private space.

Coomon good -Urban facilities: active ground floor facing local high street -Entrance density facing the street -Use trees to enclose common yards

Legend Ground floor with urban facilities Ground floor with commercial Courtyard club good Healing gardens Community gardens Public alley

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Street perspective | Street section

The section cutting through courtyards shows the proportion of the built structure and the open space.

The street perspective shows the spatial quality of public space in the neighborhood. The recycling square provides space to promote the vision of recycle-reuse-recreate-reproduce. In addition, the outdoor areas of restaurants and cafes make the public space more attractive.

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Productive-Economical flow

The productive-economical flow aims to shift the linear consumption activities to a circular loop with diverse productive services to become a self-supported area.

Urban farming-food processing flow: We can utilize the preserved big-scale building and land for indoor and outdoor agriculture. In addition, the existing warehouses can be preserved and transformed into food processing factories.

Consume-commercial- delivery flow: The locally produced fresh food can be sold to local stores and restaurants to provide a healthy diet for local residents. In addition, the preserved logistics can be used for local and global transportation in Gothenburg city.

Food waste-composting flow: The waste from households restaurants can then be re-implemented as compost for local farming. And the waste also can be burned in the local CHP, heat and power factory, convert to heating for neighborhoods.

Recycle-Reuse-Recreate-Reproduce: We also have small businesses and start-up companies communities, except for food production. The productive neighborhood with in-house workshops and the public square for resource sharing and material exchange supports the flow of Recycle Reuse - Recreate - Reproduce, which can provide jobs, support the local circular economy, and strengthen the spirit of community. In addition, the non-reusable can be collected into CHP to convert into heat for the area.

Legend Small business, start-up companies Composting site

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CHP, Heat and power factory Logistic Food processing factory

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Social-Community flow The chart shows 3 different scale of social flow.

The first one is within the neighborhood, there are different spaces for activities in each block, local residents can stay in their own courtyard or move from each others’ block to communicate, children can play around, which can increase social integration.

The second degree is for the whole neighborhood area. There is a bigger scale green open space with a greenhouse, allotments, urban green commons, and natural wetland park for recreational activities, where you can meet more people than in your courtyard.

The third degree is that in public spaces for commercial activities, for example, front areas of shops, cafes and restaurants, both local people and people from other neighborhoods in Gothenburg can meet each other.

Legend Local social flow within residential blocks Urban green common and park for whole neighbourhood Social-commerical flow for local and global Allotment, urban farming, park, nature Neighbourhoods Commercial

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NEIGHBOURHOOD RENAISSANCE | Ecological flow

Neighbourhood scale ecological flow: The greenery and gardens in courtyards can support the local ecological system, flowers, herbs, and fruits are food for pollinators and animals, trees and ponds provide shelter and water for wildlife.

Local scale ecological flow: Those small patches of greenery in courtyards are connected to a bigger scale green nature area to the river, which becomes a connected landscape, where the wildlife and pollinators also move around and thrive.

Globel ecological flow: This green space functions also as a link to connect large green spaces on a global scale, It is important to make the ecological landscape and green infrastructure connected to support the ecological system, which can also benefit our own health and well-being.

Legend Neighbourhood scale ecological flow Local scale ecological flow Global ecological flow, connect bigger scale green space.

Green courtyard Public green space Nature, Wetland Farm

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Space syntax analysis 0

500m

The network betweenness and angular integration of the non-motorized network indicate the street hierarchy. The urban main street, commercial street, and neighborhood high street have high centrality, while the courtyards in residential areas with low centrality will remain quiet.

The walking alley through each block has a middle level of centrality, which means that residents in the whole neighborhood will visit each other’s courtyard, communicate, and have better social interaction.

“Neighborhoods will be open, varied, egalitarian, and connected places, providing more choice, opportunities, and beauty, but also promoting health and ecology.” (Hugh Barton, 2010)

Angular Intergration 1K, NMN

Angular Intergration 3km, NMN

Legend Angular integration High Medium Low

Network Betweenness 1km, NMN

Neighborhood Renaissance

Network Betweenness 3km, NMN

Network betweenness High Medium Low

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES CHUNLU ZHU The aim of this project is focus on how to link the existing communities and the riverbanks in the east of Karra, where have certain flooding risk. Also,in my project I also thought about how to link eco

Problem description

Background The aim of the link to green terrace project is to think about how to realize the goal of re-strengthening mental connections from water accessibility while facing the flooding risk, and create multiple links from both eco and social perspectives along the riverbanks in our masterplan of Backa-Kärra.

A type of intervention in riverbanks This part is dedicated to review the whole waterfront design for accessibility to riverbanks in our masterplan. We planned different ways of approaching the riverbanks, the black-dot frames show the basic types of waterfront design: large riverside decks as public squares, recovery and protected wetlands,

and public parks. With different types of intervention to riverbanks, we could create multiple meeting places for people and animals, also working as continuous habitats and perches for multiple species to live and travel along the river.

Site of the project is located in the field near Kärra as the reddot frame shows, where is identified to have certain flooding risk. Therefore, we designed this waterfront area as recovery and protected greenery in the materplan. However, it is still unclear that how the wetlands could work as the flooding mitigation measures, while the links from existing communities to the riverbanks need more detailed design.

Residential Social-green Recovery and protection Massive urban farming Public space Commercial

Link to green terraces

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES | Site analysis 0

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The site is located in the east of Kärra, the connection of the community to riverbanks is cut by the highway and this originally industrial area.

Under water flow with 1400 m³/s, there will be some warehouses and waste dump area exposed to the water, which is designed as recovery and protected area in the masterplan.

From the experience of site visiting, There is a separate commercial center for the residents in Kärra, which also works as a social street to link the large green ground.

This kind of social links could work as an attractive guidance for people.

In the south of Kärra, I discovered an interesting path along a small creek with large trees, which could be a great linking start from Kärra to the site.

Street with recreational and green elements Space with recreational and green elements Outdoor space for restaurant Small creek with large trees Commercial center Highway Industrial area Waste dump area Flood line under water flow with 1400 m³/s

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Process and vision 0

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According to the outlines of the flooding area under water flow with 1400 m³/s, I decided the baseline of the lifted terrain, in order to resist the flood.

Green space in multiple layers shows the concept of “green terraces“, which is designed for multiple degrees of intervention to the recovery land, while creating meeting space for the public and animals.

The final step is to create multiple green and social links to the green terraces, which also create the connection of both riverbanks as well as existing communities.

Flood area under water flow with 1400 m³/s Designed green edge Green space in multiple layers Communities Green links Social links

Link to green terraces

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES | Urban design proposal

The project is located in the field near Kärra, which is the northernmost part of our masterplan. As the angular integration analysis in 1k shows, this area should be more focus on the local scale for the connection between communities, which could serve as a large social attachment area for the neighborhood.

Of specific importance to architecture and urban design is Gibson’s discussion about how the structure and shape of the environment creates what he famously has called affordances (Gibson, 1986) This key project aims to improve co-presences of all species in urban space, thus increasing its affordance.

A major consideration in the project is for the proposal to create multiple links for residents and the public to reach the waterfront area, which could contribute to build diverse urban

life for people and promote communications and interactions between people as well as the wildlife.

As the map of flooding risk shows, there will be certain flooding area along the riverbanks. Flood is a threat, but also could be an opportunity for people to meet different creatures. The “green terraces” strategy is aimed for flooding mitigation while searching for multiple possibilities for the public and residents to meet the wildlife, even under flooding situation.

“Movement is essential”, green and social links work as both visual and accessible connections for people to travel from natural greenery to communities, which could also serve as eco corridors for the wildlife.

Pedestrian bridge Pedestrian crossing Wooden trails/platforms

Angular integration (1km)

Preserved buildings Courtyard Rooftop garden Public square Sports ground

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214 - 331 331 - 718 water 2021 update

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES | Green terraces 0

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The green area to the west of the baseline is defined as the first “terrace” and serves as meadow, playground and public parks. The terrain is lifted to resist the flood.The second “terrace” is close to the bridge, where will be a lot of flow of people, and allows for more intervention on the riverbanks as wetlands with ponds and wooden platforms. The third “terrace“ is designed as marsh area, lower terrain could provide multiple habitats for animals.

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playground

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In common situation, the public could have communication and interactions with each other and meet wildlife on the whole green terraces. Under flooding situation, the ponds could hold flood water for retention, and people still have accessibility to water and see different species of wildlife.

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Private backyards • clear boundaries (fence/ bushes) • possible visibility • no accessibility

Large frontyards

Green spine along the small creek starts from the south of Kärra, linking to the south new-designed residential area and the first green terrace. Large trees extend to the greenhouse area and new-designed residential area in the north, while ending in the green hill.

Green links work as the connections from natural greenery to courtyards and communities, which could also serve as eco corridors for the wildlife.

• possible boundaries (fence/ bushes) • sufficient accessibility • needs for privacy (limit visibility)

Open courtyard • privacy & openness • sufficient visibility & accessibility • feel inclusive & owned

Green links Rows of large trees

Permeable courtyard • sufficient privacy • low visibility • still publicly accessible

Creek links Rooftop garden Courtyard Public square Sports ground

Large enclosed courtyard • community-owned sensation • multiple activities • low visibility & accessibility

Grass Playground Wetlands Marsh Pond

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES | Street hierarchy 0

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Angular integration (1km)

Refer to the analysis of angular integration in 1k as well as the masterplan, we could determine various functions along different kinds of streets.

The preserved warehouses could be transformed into multifunctional buildings for the public and residents, such as nursing homes, sports center and green houses.

Urban main street Secondary street Living street Pedestrian bridge Commercial Residential Green houses Sports Preserved buildings

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Building density 0

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For better integration to the existing communities, the heights of the buildings could meet the principles of “terraces” as well, which also indicates low heights for all newly built houses.

Based on the street hierarchy and surroundings, the height of the houses decreases from the main roads to the secondary roads, water-front and green areas, thus ensuring visibility to the river and greenery.

Urban main street Secondary street Living street 3F 2F 1F

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Link to green terraces

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES | Social links 0

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Social links are aimed to create a walkingfriendly environment for residents and the public. Different building types contribute to form an inclusive and diverse walking experience for the pedestrians, while ensuring visibility to the riverbanks for both the residents and passers-by.

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Sections Section 1-1 floodable area playground

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LINK TO GREEN TERRACES | Sections for links 400

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Since the project focus more on a local scale, biking could be a very practical way to get around.

According to the 3k attraction betweenness analysis of green spaces, the added bike lanes could provide better access for residents and the public to travel around the area, while reaching the other side of the river for attractive greenery and beautiful views along the way.

0 - 0.037 0.037 - 0.16 0.16 - 0.488 water 2021 update Add Parks and Green_Area shp Parks and Green_Area Current bike line New bike line Attraction betweenness (3km) Street to green space

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Green terraces The ponds could form a lot of wildlifefriendly habitats for different species, while the subtle topographic variations could provide the opportunity for the public to interact with the wildlife.

Sunny days Under flooding situations, the ponds could hold flood water for retention, while the wooden platforms could still provide publicly accessibility to reach the water, thus communicating with different species of animals.

Flood days

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Link to green terrace

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