~ Aravindh Subramanian. S, 3rd year, B.E. Geoinformatics

Archaeologists, familiar only with the traditional methods of collecting material with a shovel and trowel, are increasingly marginalized in this changing environment In today's environment of widespread ethics, non-invasive subsurface exploration and mapping methods are increasingly important. New geographic information technologies have recently had a transformative impact on landscape archaeology, particularly by facilitating the collection and analysis of high-resolution data over large areas

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive electromagnetic (EM) geophysical technique that uses radio waves in the frequency range of 10MHz to 2GHz to map the earth's surface The working principle of GPR is simple A transmitter at the surface sends short, highfrequency pulses that "travel" along the earth's surface until it encounters a boundary of different materials and picked up by the receiving ante nother boundary, where it will be has absorbed all the energy *This properties of the surface materials ave low ground clearance because ks, etc should be removed from the over it, your GPR probably can't get res and highlight others. Noise is in sers to reduce or remove noise to h that it is severely limited by less-th nd silt) are often problematic becau or heterogeneous sediments can sca neous noise

Depending on the se GPR to help uncover several buried buildings and foundations, forgotten infrastructure underground tunnels and cavities, buried military equipment, bones of humans or other creatures, missing and unmarked graves, coffins, various cultural relics etc Ground-penetrating radar has been used to identify buried structures and tombs in the ancient UNESCO World Heritage city of Petra in Jordan It has been used to uncover buried stones and other objects around Stonehenge in England, providing new insights into the construction and use of Stonehenge. It has been used to explore the underground structures and tunnels at the Inca city of Machu Picchu in Peru, revealing the architectural and engineering methods used by the Incas It has been used to identify the underground structures and canals of the Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) offers many advantages for assessing archaeological potential in frozen and semi-frozen environments in high latitudes and alpine regions These are just a few examples of the many archaeological sites identified using GPR This technique has proven to be an invaluable tool for archaeologists, allowing them to look below the surface and uncover new information about the past.

INDIAN REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES (Currently operational)

Satellite Launch date Sensors Application

EOS-04 Feb 14, 2022

Radar Imaging Satellite

Nov 07, 2020 Imaging microwave radars

EOS-1

Earth Observation, Applications such as Agriculture, Forestry & Plantations, Soil Moisture & Hydrology and Flood mapping

Earth Observation, Applications in agriculture, forestry and disaster management support.

RISAT2BR1

RISAT-2B

Dec 11, 2019

X-Band Radar Cartosat-3

Nov 27, 2019

Panchromatic camera, Multispectral VNIR

Earth Observation, Addresses the increased user’s demands for large scale urban planning, rural resource and infrastructure development, coastal land use and land cover etc

May 22, 2019

Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-band)

Disaster Management System, Earth Observation, Monitors the Earth day and night, in any weather conditions.

HysIS

Nov 29, 2018

Hyper Spectral Imaging Spectrometer

Earth Observation, Primary goal is to study the earth’s surface in the visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly for vegetation processes

CartoSat-2F Jan 12, 2018

CartoSat-2E Jun 23, 2017

Panchromatic Camera, High-Resolution MultiSpectral, Event Monitoring Camera

CartoSat-2D Feb 15, 2017

CartoSat-2C Jun 22, 2016

CartoSat-2B Jul 12, 2010

Panchromatic Camera

Earth Observation, the imagery sent by satellite will be useful for cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps, change detection to bring out geographical and manmade features and various other Land Information System (LIS) as well as Geographical Information System (GIS) applications

CartoSat-2B Jul 12, 2010

CartoSat-2A Apr 28, 2008

ResourceSat2A Dec 07, 2016

ResourceSat2 Apr 20, 2011

Panchromatic Camera

Advanced Wide Field Sensor,Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor –4 , Linear Imaging SelfScanning Sensor - 3

Earth Observation,Resource Monitoring

INSAT-3DR Sep 08, 2016 Data Collection Service, Advanced Aided Search and Rescue, INSAT Imager, INSAT Sounder

INSAT-3D Jul 26, 2013

Climate & Environment, Disaster Management System

Saral

(Status: Orbit drifting) Feb 25, 2013

Advanced Data Collection System (also called "Argos-3")

Laser Retroreflector Array, Ka-band Altimeter, Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite, Laser Retroreflector Array

Climate & Environment, Earth Observation

OceanSat-2 Sep 23, 2009

OceanSat Scatterometer, Ocean Color Monitor, Radio Occultation Sounder of the Atmosphere

Climate and Environment, Earth Observation, Oceanographic applications

RISAT- 2 Apr 20, 2009

Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-band)

Earth Observation, Disaster Management applications

GEONEWS around the Globe: Recent advancements in Geoinformatics

Space Week

World Space Week 2022 – 4th to 10th October’22, was celebrated at Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University on 6th and 7th October’22, following the theme – “Space and Sustainability” The 2-day event was conducted with active participation from the student community Plenary session on ‘Geospatial Technology for Climate Studies’ was conducted by Emeritus Professor, Dr. A. Ramachandran, Centre for Climate Change and Disaster Management, Anna University The second day of Space Week went on with a workshop on ‘Mental Health Awareness and Coping Skills for Students’ by Dr Sandhya Rani, Organization and Counselling Psychologist An online lecture on ‘Space Law and Policy Matters at ISRO’ was also organized by Mr. V. Gopalakrishnan, Advisor in the VS Mani Centre for Air & Space Law at GNLU, Gandhinagar Other informal events were also organized to bring in more exposure into the essentials of Space Week

From September 6 to September 8, 2022, the 9th Digital Earth Summit was held successfully in Chennai, India. The theme of the summit is “Digital Earth to Bridge Digital Divide for Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals”. The Institute of Remote Sensing at Anna University in Chennai, India, served as the host for the Summit, which was organized by the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE). The inauguration was presided over by Dr. Alessandro Annoni, President of ISDE in Italy. VC of Anna University in Chennai, Dr. Velraj; Director of the NIAS, Dr. Shailesh Nayak, who was previously secretary of the MoES, GoI; VP-ISDE Dr. Zaffar Sadiq Mohamed Ghouse and Director-IRS at Anna University in Chennai, Dr. D. Thirumulaivasan. During this three-day summit, more than 200 people from various institutes participated. In three plenary sessions, prominent academics and researchers gave six plenary talks on a variety of topics, including Earth observation, remote sensing, big data, digital resilience, and so on. During this summit, which lasted three days, researchers presented 45 technical papers in eight technical sessions on various subthemes. The large number of young people who are actively participating, most of whom have completed bachelor's or master's degrees in geospatial technology, is one of the Digital Earth Summit's special draws. To raise awareness of the Digital Earth technology among the youth in the community, Youth volunteers organized exclusive events for these young people. Digital Earth technologies like satellite data, spatial analysis, and geolocations are used to solve simple problems a cussion about how to inspire young minds with events like Geopreneur.